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• 6araTOHau.ioHaJI.bHicTb KpaiHH Ta Bi.a.cyrHiCTb 06 .€ ll.H)'lOl.JHX !lJaKTOpiB' • HarypaJJbHHH xapaKTep CKOHOMiKH i Bi.a.cyrHiCTb rocno.a.apcb­ .KHX 3B ' Jl3KiB MOl< OKpeMHMH pCriOHal iii KpalHH.

1. Beryn. TeplfTopi.Sl. nepiOAIfJ3Qijl. Tepumopifl KHTafO 3aJHaBaJJa 3MiH i Ha pi3HliX eranax p03BHTI<y I..{IE:I Kpai'HH 6y. a pi3HOIO. B OCHOBHOMy I..{e CTaBaJJOCb y

IcropiIO crapo aSHboro KHTaIO.a.i U1'bC5I Ha TaKi OCIiOBHi nepioou:

B 843 porU oHYKaMIl Kapna BenHKoro KapJIOM JIHCHM, J1lO.a.oBi­ KOM HiMeUbKHM i JIOTapeM 6yJIO 3aI<JIIOl.JeHO )].oroBip npo p03no.a.iJI repHTopii" <1)paHKcbKol .a.ep)f(3BH Ha 3axi.a.Ho-CIlpaHKcbK, CXL.nHO­ <J>paHKcbKe KOpOnLaCTBa i I. mepilo. UJ.lM .a.orOBopOM !lJaKTHlfHO 6 no nplfITHHeHO iCH)'BaHHSl HaHMOryTHlmoi' B B € poITi Ha TOH ncpio)!. Kpai"HR YTBopeHi 3r' HO 3 .a.orOBOpOM 3ax.i.a.Ho-<1)paHKcbKe 1'a xi)l.HO­ <J>paHKCbKe KOpO iBcrBa CJIi,n. BBamaTlI qaTK3M1I Bi.a.nOBi.a.HO KopOJIiBCTB <1)paHUl5I Ta Hi MelIl.JHHa. TepHTOpiJI hmepii" (IliBHiqHa haJJiSl, I.I1.BcH~apl5I, fipoBaHc, EypryH.a.ill TOrn;o) Tal< i He CTan3 )€ l.HHOIO ,.o;Cp)f(3BOIO OCKiJIbKH 3a MCPCCHbCKHM ,.o;orOBopOM 6yna no.a.i.1CHa MI)f( 3axi.n;Ho-<J>paHKCbKHM i Cxi)l.Ho-<J>paHKCbKHM KopOJIiBCTBaMH.

paMKaX

cyqacHHX KOp)J,OHiB K HTaIO. 1) CTapo.a.aBHiH KUTaH - 18 CT.,.o;O H.e. - 220 p. H.e.:

• •

18 cr. .a.o H.C. - 12 CT. .a.o !-rc. - ncpio,.o; QapcrBa I1.IaHb (lHb); 12 cr. ,.0;0 H.e. - 221p. .a.o H.e. - TIepio.a. llapCTsa lbKoy;

22 I p. )1;0 H.e. - 207 p. .a.o H.e. - nepio.a. ~mepii"llHHb;

206 p.)l.O H.e. - 220 p. H.C. -: TIepio)l; IMIT pii' XaHb.

2) Cepe,.o;HboBi'IHHH Klfra.H - 3 CT. H.C. - 16-17 cr. H.e.;

3) KHTa.H HOBoro 4acy - KiH. 17 cr. H.e. - noq.20 CT.;

4) KHTaH HOBiTHhoro l.lacy - nOLI. 20cr.- CbOrO.D.Hi.

YTBopeHHjJ nepwoi' KHTaHCbKOI .a.ep)f(3BH HOCH a 3aBOHOBHHUbIGfH

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CTBopeHO cncl.IjaJJbHHH anapaT ynpaBJIiHH5I. OqORH a .D.epJKaBy .D.HHaCTijJ LIlaHb.

54

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18

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