What It Means to You Presented to IESNA Houston Chapter by Kapil Upadhyaya, Colley Hodges, and Alfonso E. Hernandez
Timeline of transition to v4
2013
2014
LEED 2009 registration ends June 2015
LEED 2009 PUBLIC COMMENT Public comment period ended March 31
2015
LEED v4 LEED v4 available fall 2013, pending successful balloting
Stated goals of v4 MORE DIFFICULT 78% of the points are harder than LEED 2009
Stated goals of v4 MORE PERFORMANCE-BASED They’re not giving credit for just planning to do something anymore.
Stated goals of v4
GREATER TRANSPARENCY Manufacturers should disclose environmental impacts and toxic chemicals in materials.
Stated goals of v4 SHIFT TOWARD LIFECYCLE PERSPECTIVE
Stated goals of v4 MEASURING COMPREHENSIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS
Stated goals of v4
REDUCED DOCUMENTATION
Overview Virtually every credit has changed.
Overview There have been 6 public comment periods.
The first one started in Nov. 2010!
Properly Vetted?
Kirksey Case Study Comparing performance of a suburban office building under LEED 2009 vs. v4
Case Study Conclusions • A suburban LEED 2009 Gold office building is likely to be equivalent to LEED v4 Certified. • It will lose about 18 points. • It will also cost about 0.3% more in construction cost and LEED-related soft costs will be 1.7x higher
Case Study Conclusions What about getting Gold in v4? • It will add ~ 1% to construction cost • LEED-related soft costs will be 2.6x higher.
Caveats • Our figures are rough estimates! • Every project is slightly different– AND every rating system is slightly different. • v4 is so different from 2009 that exact 1 to 1 comparison is impossible
Today’s focus:
INTEGRATIVE PROCESS
Integrative Process INTEGRATIVE PROCESS
No current equivalent in LEED 2009.
Credit language: During Schematic Design, analyze at least 2 strategies for many building conditions including • Massing & orientation • Envelope Attributes (shading, glazing) • Lighting – assess interior surface reflectance values and lighting levels in occupied spaces • Plug and Process Loads • Water demand (process, indoor, outdoor, etc.)
2009
v4
Total Points Available
20 points
20 points
2009
v4
Case Study Building
5
points
0
points
2009
v4
Total Points Available
8
points
11
points
2009
v4
Case Study Building
6
points
4
points
SiteCredit: NC Assessment Light pollution
Uplight & light trespass requirements
Site Assessment Revised Lighting Zones Lighting zones determined by: IES and International Dark Sky Association Model Lighting Ordinance (MLO) User Guide
Site Assessment Two Compliance Paths Based on those lighting zones, determine compliance using ether‌ Option 1: backlight-uplight-glare (BUG) method Option 2: calculation method
Site Assessment Option 1: BUG Method
Site Assessment Option 1: BUG Method If less than 2x mounting height to property line, backlight must face property line
Site Assessment Option 1: BUG Method Lighting boundary can be moved 5 feet beyond property boundary into certain public areas (plazas, parking lots, walkways)
Site Assessment Option 1: BUG Method Lighting boundary can be moved to the midpoint of adjacent roadways
Site Assessment Option 1: BUG Method No lighting boundary necessary for adjacent properties with same owner and lighting zone
Site Assessment Option 2: Calculation Method Do not exceed prescribed amounts of total lumens emitted above horizontal and vertical illuminances at the lighting boundary
2009
v4
Total Points Available
10 points
11
points
2009
v4
Case Study Building
7
points
5
points
2009
v4
Available:
Available:
14
14
points
points
2009
Typical CS Office Bldg:
6
points
v4
Typical CS Office Bldg:
7
points
Credit Changes 2009
v4
Major Trends Rewarding Disclosure
2009 Only performance is rewarded
v4 Rewards disclosing product information
Path to Compliance Environmental Product Declarations
Credit Requirement Raw Material Reporting
Credit Requirement Material Ingredient Reporting
Major Trends 3rd Party Certification
2009
v4
Manufacturer reports
3rd party certification
receive full credit
for full credit
Path to Compliance 3rd Party Certification
Path to Compliance Health Product Declarations
Path to Compliance Producer Responsibility Programs
LEED for Healthcare Prerequisite and Credit: PBT Source Reduction - Mercury
Mercury Reduction New Construction: No mercury-containing thermostats, switching devices, or other building systems. Install low-mercury lamps. Renovation: Phase out mercury-containing products and upgrade current mercury-containing lamps to high efficiency, low-mercury, or mercury-free.
Mercury Reduction No preheat, T-9, T-10, or T-12 fluorescents or mercury vapor HID lamps. No exit signs with mercury and no probe-start metal halide HID lamps in any interior spaces.
Mercury Prerequisite
Maximum Mercury Content of Lamps
Mercury Credit Criteria for Rated Life of Low-Mercury Lamps
2009
v4
Available:
Available:
37
33
points
points
2009
v4
Typical CS Office Bldg:
Typical CS Office Bldg:
20
10
points
points
Minimum Energy Performance 2009
v4
Minimum Energy Performance 2009 ASHRAE90.1-2007
v4 vs.
ASHRAE 90.1-2010
26% more stringent on average
Minimum Energy Performance 2009
v4 16.8%
ASHRAE Baselines for Sample Office Tower LEED 2009
LEED v4
Minimum Energy Performance Pre- requisite
Minimum Energy Performance Pre- requisite
2009
v4 16%
10%
2009 Pre-requisite
2%
v4 Pre-requisite
9.4% more difficult
20 storey core & shell
LEED 2009
LEED v4
Minimum Energy Performance Case Study Office Tower - 63%WWAR with longer facades facing East & West - Thermal breaks on Curtain Wall - Frit pattern on East & West - Fins on East faรงade - Tenant Lighting Power Density = 0.8W/sf - Garage Lighting 0.1W/sf - Daylight harvesting in Garage - Right sized chillers with variable flow - Premium efficiency motors on pumps & fans - Demand control ventilation - Energy Recovery
Optimize Energy Performance
2009 22.1% 9 points
LEED 2009
Case Study Office Tower
Optimize Energy Performance
2%=Pre-requisite
v4 6.2% better but Noncompliant
LEED v4
Case Study Office Tower
Optimize Energy Performance
Optimize Energy Performance Mandatory:
-Office LPD=0.9W/sf (Reduced from 1.0W/sf)
Optimize Energy Performance Mandatory:
-Office LPD=0.9W/sf (Reduced from 1.0W/sf) Tenant Requirement in Lease
Optimize Energy Performance Typical offices achieve 0.9W/sf with T5 and T8 fixtures, Parabolic reflectors
4.6% savings
Optimize Energy Performance Mandatory:
-Garage LPD=0.25W/sf
Optimize Energy Performance Mandatory:
-Garage LPD=0.25W/sf eg.0.20W/sf with Metal Halides
Optimize Energy Performance 0.1W/sf with Fluorescent Lighting
0.08W/sf with LEDs
6.5% savings
Optimize Energy Performance Mandatory:
-Exterior lighting = 0.10W/sf Reduced from 0.15W/sf eg. 0.13W/sf with Metal Halides vs. 0.08W/sf LED
Optimize Energy Performance Mandatory: -Parking Garage occupancy sensor
Optimize Energy Performance
Optimize Energy Performance
Optimize Energy Performance Mandatory: -Daylight harvesting for WWAR≥40% in Parking Garage
Opening ≤ 4’0”
Optimize Energy Performance Mandatory: -Faรงade lights off between 12am-6am
Optimize Energy Performance Mandatory:
- Chillers: Efficiency - Transition lighting in garage - Enclosed garage ventilation
Optimize Energy Performance
2%=Pre-requisite
LEED v4
v4
v4
6.2% better but Noncompliant
13.7% better & 6 points
Case Study Office Tower
Case Study Office Tower + Mandatory Requirements
Optimize Energy Performance 2009
v4 1. Occ. Sensor required in Garage ~$40,000 to $100,000, <2yr payback 2. Tenants to lower lighting by 10%
9
points
6
points
Next on Lighting Efficiency
95% heat
85% heat
85% heat
Next on Lighting Efficiency
Next on Lighting Efficiency
Next on Lighting Efficiency
Next on Lighting Efficiency
Source: Novel Concepts Inc. Microelectronic Thermal Management
Fundamental Commissioning Pre- requisite
2009 OPR-BOD, Cx in CDs Cx Plan, Verify installation, testing & results Cx report
v4
Fundamental Commissioning Pre- requisite
2009
v4
OPR-BOD, Cx in CDs Cx Plan, Verify installation, testing & results Cx report
+ (Peer) Review Exterior Enclosure Design
+ O&M Plan (schedules, set points, sequence of operations, lighting levels, OA requirements, description)
Enhanced Commissioning 2009
v4
CDs, Submittals Systems Manual, Training, Testing 10 mo. Review, Ongoing Cx Plan
3
points
3
points
Enhanced Commissioning 2009 CDs, Submittals
v4 + Monitoring in Cx Plan
Systems Manual, Training, Testing 10 mo. Review, Ongoing Cx Plan
3
points
3+1
points
point
Demand Response
- Contractual agreement with Centerpoint for at least 1 year - System design for fully automated DR event - 10% peak shaving
2
points
Demand Response 1 Scheduled and 4 Unscheduled Curtailments Curtailment period = 1~3 hours June to Sept, 1 to 7pm, weekdays Incentive = $40 per kW Sample Office Tower 10% = 257 kW ($10,280)
Measurement & Verification 2009
3+3=6 Points No more Measurement & Verification
1 YEAR of Post-Occupancy monitoring
Building-Level Energy Metering v4
0 Points Pre- requisite Building Level data to be collected
5 year commitment to share data with USGBC, 1 month intervals
Advanced Energy Metering v4
1 Point Separate submeters per source, if 10% or more of the total annual consumption of the building. 1 Electricity & 1 Chilled Water submeter per floor / per tenant.
Commercial Interiors
2009
v4
EAp1-Minimum Energy Performance Commercial Interiors â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Lighting Power Density
2009
ASHRAE 90.1 2007 + 10%
EAp1-Minimum Energy Performance Commercial Interiors â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Lighting Power Density
2009
ASHRAE 90.1 2007 + 10%
v4
ASHRAE 90.1 2010 + 3% (if Opt. 1 Simulation) + 5% (if Opt. 2 Prescriptive)
EAp1-Minimum Energy Performance Commercial Interiors â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Lighting Power Density
2009
v4
+16.2% ASHRAE 90.1 2007 ASHRAE 90.1 2010 In average, 90.1 2010 LPDs are 16.2% better than 90.1 2007
EAp1-Minimum Energy Performance Commercial Interiors â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Lighting Power Density
EAc1-Optimize Energy Performance Commercial Interiors â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Lighting Power Reduction
2009 1-5 Points 1-3 Points 5-10 points HVAC 1-4 points Equip. & Appl.
v4
EAc1-Optimize Energy Performance Commercial Interiors â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Lighting Power Reduction
2009
v4
1-5 Points 1-3 Points
1-25 Points (total EAc1 combined HVAC, Equipment, Lighting Power & Lighting Control) If Option 1 Simulation
EAc1-Optimize Energy Performance Commercial Interiors â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Lighting Power Reduction
2009
v4
1-5 Points 1-3 Points
1-25 Points (total EAc1 combined HVAC, Equipment, Lighting Power & Lighting Control) If Option 1 Simulation Strategies can be integrated through a dynamic energy model
EAc1-Optimize Energy Performance Commercial Interiors â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Lighting Power Reduction
2009
v4
1-5 Points 1-3 Points
1-16 Points (total EAc1 combined HVAC, Equipment, Lighting Power & Lighting Control) If Option 2 Prescriptive
EAc1-Optimize Energy Performance Commercial Interiors â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Lighting Power Reduction
2009
v4
1-5 Points 1-3 Points
1-16 Points (total EAc1 combined HVAC, Equipment, Lighting Power & Lighting Control) If Option 2 Prescriptive Strategies can be broken down per category.
EAc1-Optimize Energy Performance Commercial Interiors â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Light Power Reduction
2009
Range 15% to 35%
1-5 points
Option 2 Prescriptive
EAc1-Optimize Energy Performance Commercial Interiors â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Light Power Reduction
v4
2009
Range 15% to 35%
1-5 points
Range 10% to 25%
Option 2 Prescriptive
1-4 points
EAc1-Optimize Energy Performance Commercial Interiors â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Light Power Reduction
LEED will be more Performance based Therefore Dynamic Simulations get more points than Prescriptive Measures
4%= 4 pts 5%= 6 pts 6%= 8 pts 7%=10 pts 8% =11 pts 9% =12 pts 10% =13 pts 11% =14 pts 12% =15 pts
13%= 16 pts 14%= 17 pts 15%= 18 pts 16%= 19 pts 17%= 20 pts 18% = 21 pts 20% = 22 pts 22% = 23 pts 24% = 24 pts
28% = 25 pts Option 1 Simulation
Envelope = 2-4 pts HVAC = 2 pts Int. Lighting Power = 1-4 pts Int. Lighting Controls = 1-2 pts Equip. & Appliances = 1-2 pts ENERGY STAR = 1-2 pts
TOTAL MAX= 16 pts Option 2 Prescriptive
EAc1-Optimize Energy Performance Commercial Interiors â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Lighting Control
2009 Daylighting Controls (switch or dim) for R.O. daylit areas
1 1
Daylighting Controls for 50% of the lighting load
1
Occupancy Sensors 75% of the connected light load
1-3 points
Option 2 Prescriptive
EAc1-Optimize Energy Performance Commercial Interiors â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Lighting Control
v4
2009 Daylighting Controls (switch or dim) for R.O. daylit areas Daylighting Controls for 50% of the lighting load Occupancy Sensors 75% of the connected light load
1-3 points
1
Daylighting Controls in all R.O. daylit areas for at least 25% of the connected light load
1
Occupancy Sensors 75% of the connected light load
Option 2 Prescriptive
1-2 points
EAc1-Optimize Energy Performance Commercial Interiors â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Lighting Control Lighting Controls: Additional control required between on & off: Either switching or dimming Exception: Corridors, Mech. Rooms, Lobbies. Restrooms, Stairways, Storage Rooms, Spaces With Only One Luminary <100W, & All Spaces With <0.6W/Sf
Occupancy sensor required in: Classrooms, Lecture Halls, Conference, Training Rooms, Lunch/Break Rooms, Storage, Copy Rooms, Office<=250sf, Restrooms, Dressing/Locker
As per ASHRAE 90.1 2010
2009
v4
Available:
Available:
12
10
points
points
2009
v4
Typical CS Office Bldg:
Typical CS Office Bldg:
10
7
points
points
2009
v4
Controllability of Systems: Lighting 2009
1 Point Individual Lighting Control for >90% of Regular Occupants
This Credit is only for NC & Schools.. NO CS!
Interior Lighting: Lighting Control, Lighting Quality 2009 v4
1-2 Points
Interior Lighting: Lighting Control, Lighting Quality 2009 v4
1 Point
Lighting Control:
Individual Lighting Control for >90% of occupants and Lighting fixture to have 3 levels (on, off, midlevel) Midlevel to be 30% to 70% of the max. illumination level (not including daylight)
Interior Lighting: Lighting Control, Lighting Quality 2009 v4
Lighting Quality:
1 Point
•For all ROA, fixtures of less than 2500 cd/m2 (except wallwash fixtures). •Light sources with a Color Rendering Index (CRI) of >80. •For 75% of the connected lighting load, use fixtures with >24000 hour rated life. •Direct-only overhead lighting for <25% of ROA
Interior Lighting: Lighting Control, Lighting Quality 2009 v4
Lighting Quality:
1 Point
•LRVs for 90% of ROA: 85% ceilings, 60% walls & 25% floors (NC & Schools only). •If furniture is included, LRVs to be 45% work surfaces & 50% movable partitions. •For 75% of the ROA, wall surface illuminance/average work plane ratio not to exceed 1:10. Also ceiling surface illuminance/average work plane ratio not to exceed 1:10.
Daylight & Views - Daylight 2009
>75% of Regularly Occupied Areas Exemplary Performance at 95% of ROA
1 Point
Daylight 2009
v4
You could get up to 3 points!!
Daylight 1) Simulation (Spatial Daylight Autonomy)
99% sDA 7% ASE
3 Points if 75% of the ROA has a sDA of >300 lux 2 Points if 55% 10% Annual Sunlight Exposure
Daylight 2) Simulation (Illuminance Sept 21st +/- 15 days and March 21st +/- 15 days)
9 am
3 pm Dark Areas
Within Range 300-5000 lux
2 Points if 90% of the ROA is >300 lux on the chosen sim. date 1 Point if 75% of the ROA is >300 lux on the chosen sim. date
Glare Points
Daylight
2009 LRVs: 70% ceilings, 40% walls & 20% floors.
v4 LRVs: 80% ceilings, 50% walls & 20% floors.
Daylight
LEED will be more Performance based Bye bye Prescriptive! (You will not be missed)
Daylighting & Lighting Design RADIOSITY
Source: Erik Olsen, OWP/P Engineers & Michael Iversen, MRIA Overview of Simulation, IBPSA, USA
Daylighting & Lighting Design RAY TRACING
VIRTUAL SCREEN
Source: Erik Olsen, OWP/P Engineers & Michael Iversen, MRIA Overview of Simulation, IBPSA, USA
Daylighting & Lighting Design •Desktop Radiance (modeler Ecotect or AutoCAD) T •AGi32 •DIAlux
http://www.agi32.com/Products/AGI32/sample_pagebuilder_layout.pdf
•Lumen Micro •Daysim (modeler Ecotect, Sketchup (openStudio) or Rhino) •Relux
http://www.lighting-technologies.com/Products/LumenMicro/LM.htm http://www.designplan.co.uk/technical/relux.asp
•Lightscape •FormZ RadioZity •DIVA (modeler Rhino) •3D Studio MAX
http://www.formz.com/gallery/user_page.php
Daylighting & Lighting Design
See Daylight Availability and Dark Areas at a given time
Identify points of Glare
Daylighting & Lighting Design
Alternate Solar Control with Daylight and Lighting Design
Daylighting & Lighting Design
Assess Reflectivity of Surfaces
Daylighting & Lighting Design
Alternate w/ Lighting Design
Alternate w/ Lighting Design
Alternate w/ Lighting Design
What can you do?
Ballot voting
Voted on by USGBC members who opted in to the consensus body (opt-in period ended in April).
Ballot period will be in summer 2013.
Commenting:
This is the primary forum for general comments and discussion.
Commenting:
Commenting:
Questions?