Korea in the world

“Korea in the World� Korea shares its Experiences with Neighbors in the Global Community

1. How We Share ................................................................................ 1~25 2. Experience Sharing in e-Government ..................................... 26~43 3. Experience Sharing in KSP & EDCF ...................................... 44~69 4. Experience Sharing in Education ............................................. 70~88 5. Experience Sharing in Saemaul Undong ............................. 89~103 6. Experience Sharing in Government Officials Training ... 104~117 7.

Experience

Sharing in Culture,

- 1 -

Sports

& Tourism .....

118~130

1. How We Share 1. History of Korea’s ODA The

Korean

social and

War

(1950~1953)

infrastructure absolute

international

and

devastated

production

poverty,

Korea

assistance

the

facilities.

received

between

1945

Korean

Rising

total and

economy

out

of

amount 1995.

the

of

With

including

ravages

USD the

of

12

2/3 the

billion

help

from

of

war of the

international community, Korea has emerged to become a member of the G-20 and a

major

exporter

source

of

on

income.

Committee) in 2010,

the

global

Upon

stage

joining

with

the

IT

and

OECD

automobile

DAC

being

the

(Development

major

Assistance

Korea is committed to carrying out its responsibility and duty

in returning the contribution it received from the international community.

Official Development Assistance (ODA) refers to the flow of financial resources from

the

agencies

central to

and/or

local

developing

governments

countries

with

of

the

donor

countries

intention

of

and

multilateral

promoting

economic

development and improving the quality of life in developing countries.

ODA projects Korea has carried out since the 1960s are as follows.

1960s)

(

Korea

has

countries.

been

With

a

donor

great

country

interest

since

from

1963

the

providing

assistance

international

to

community

remarkable economic success, Korea first received trainees in 1963 from countries began

with

financial

providing

its

support

own

from

funding

for

USAID. the

In

1965,

invitation

of

the

Korean

trainees

from

developing in

Korea’s

developing government developing

countries, and in 1967, started to dispatch experts abroad. In 1967, in particular, the Ministry

of

Foreign

Affairs

conducted

a

training

with international organizations including the UN.

- 1 -

program

as

a

cooperation

project

(1970s) The

majority

organizations countries

of

Korea’s

including

expressed

development

the

UN

increased

assistance

through

interest

in

the

was

mid

Korea’s

funded

1970s,

economic

by

but

international

as

developing

development

and

its

assistance, the Korean government gradually expanded its own funding. In 1975, the Ministry of Labor started a training program inviting technicians from developing

countries,

and

resource

assistance

began

in

1977

with

the

Ministry

of

Foreign Affairs providing equipment and resources to developing countries.

(1980s) In 1982, the Korea Development Institute (KDI) implemented the International Development officials 1984,

of

developing

ODA

activities

Construction similar

to

Exchange

countries

expanded

provided

the

Program

(IDEP)

on to

Korea’s other

free-of-charge

development

to

feasibility

provide

education

development

ministries.

technical studies

For

today,

government

experiences. example,

cooperation of

to

the

service

and

the

in

Starting

in

Ministry

of

construction,

Ministry

of

Labor

also implemented projects to help establish vocational training centers.

Korea became more active in providing development assistance with the decline of foreign

debt

and

surplus

in

the

balance

of

international

trade

in

the

late

1980s

when Korea held the 1986 Asian Games and the 1988 Seoul Olympic Games. With Korea’s

higher

international

international

community

status

expected

and

Korea

its to

expanded

play

a

economic

greater

role

capacity,

in

the

development

assistance. The 30

Economic

billion

from

Development the

Ministry

Cooperation of

Finance,

Fund which

(EDCF)

was

entrusted

established

the

task

of

with

KRW

operating

the

EDCF to the Export-Import Bank of Korea (Korea Eximbank). In 1989,

the first concessional loan agreement of EDCF was signed in Nigeria,

also in 1989,

the

Korean overseas volunteer

program was launched,

and

through which

the Korean National Commission for UNESCO began dispatching volunteers.

(1990s) In 1991, the Korea International Cooperation Agency (KOICA) was founded as an

- 2 -

agency responsible exclusively for grant aid under the Ministry of Foreign Affairs establishing a regular system for a full-scale assistance for developing countries. KOICA started aid projects in 1992, and launched the International Cooperation Member Dispatch program and NGO support program in 1995.

Korea

forged

partnership

Development Cooperation

Bank

with

(ADB)

Training

in

Center

the

World

1993.

(ICTC),

In and

Bank

1995, the

in

1992

KOICA

first

and

opened

assistance

with the

under

the

Asian

International

the

partnership

between KOICA and the Eximbank of Korea was approved for Vietnam.

In

1996,

Korea

became

underdevelopment Development

to

(OECD)

the

first

join

the

as

the

developing

country

Organization

th

29

member,

emerging

for

getting

from

Economic

more

poverty

and

Cooperaton

and

involved

the

actively

in

world of assistance as a donor country.

(2000s) In the 2000s, the volume of Korea’s development assistance was greatly expanded with greater interest from the public. Events including the war in Afghanistan after the

9/11

attacks

tsunami

in

in

South

2001, Asia

the

Iraq

helped

war

raise

that

broke

public

out

in

awareness

2003,

and

toward

the

2004

development

assistance.

Korea new

joined

the

platform

to

Inter-American expand

Development

multilateral

Bank

assistance,

(IDB)

and

the

in

2005

amount

establishing

of

Korea’s

a

ODA

came to exceed USD 700 million. Also, Korea held the first Korea-Africa Economic Cooperation (KOAFEC) Ministerial Conference

in

and

while

year,

Africa the

established

2006

contributing

sharing

Committee under

the

to

Korea’s

for

boosting

economic

International

Prime

Minister’s

economic

cooperation

development

Development

Office

(PMO)

between

experiences. Cooperation

for

greater

In

Korea

the

(CIDC)

policy

same was

coherence

and systematic delivery of aid program.

In

2008,

time

the

since

annual

the

commitment

inception

of

the

of

EDCF

Korea

exceeded

Eximbank.

- 3 -

KRW

The

1

trillion

“World

for

Friends

the

first

Korea,”

the

Korean

government’s

unified

overseas

volunteer

program

was

launched

in

2009.

The

Framework

came

into

system

Act

force

with

definitions,

on

on

July

policy

basic

implementation

International 26,

2010

coherence.

principles

system,

and

laying The

and the

2010,

(DAC),

Korea

the

became

th

the

international

24

the

role

of

of

Cooperation

basis Act

Korea’s

the

CIDC.

for

a

(Framework

more

includes

In

effective

the

development particular,

it

Act) ODA

main

goals,

assistance,

the

focuses

the

on

that integrates grants and concessional loans.

member

donor’s

legal

Framework

spirit

establishment of an ODA system

In

Development

club,

of

and

the in

Development

the

same

year

Assistance played

a

Committee

leading

role

in drawing the Seoul Development Consensus for Shared Growth at the G-20 Seoul Summit.

Also,

Korea

contributed

international

development

Effectiveness

(HLF-4)

Effectiveness,

the

international 2003

countries, World was

by

the

and

first and

the

2,000 of

and

to

discussed

for

development

cooperation

4

th

The

the

consensus High

highest

in

2008.

including

host on

high

The

the

from

HLF,

and

implementing on

the

a

more

post-Busan

Development Cooperation

on

Aid

field

of

held

in

Rome

in

in

Busan

was

from

160

officials as

civil

the

Paris

UN,

society.

participants

the

Aid

the

such the

on

in

HLF-4

level

effective

Forum

first

organizations

agenda

and

Level

was

more

Forum

authority

cooperation,

Accra

for

Level

High

representatives

progress

Effectiveness,

for Effective

and

and

Aid

Partnership

the

international

country the

with

people

OECD,

Asian shared

2005

global

2011.

development

in

representatives

Bank

assessed

some

new

hosting

event

&

Paris

a

Busan,

biggest

by

forging by

in

assistance

followed

participated

to

in

the

Korea Busan

Declaration

comprehensive framework.

on

paradigm

The

Busan

was adopted.

Korea has been implementing the Action Plan of Korean ODA Model since 2012 to advance

international

Model

for

policy

Korea

continues

development

consultation to

revise

for

and

cooperation. recipient

improve

Korea

countries the

- 4 -

utilizes

and

Action

the

project

Plan

Korean

evaluation.

taking

into

ODA Also

account

operation

results

and

environmental

changes

with

an

aim

to

secure

the

effectiveness of the Model.

The

Korean

ODA

comprises

159

programs

incorporating

Korea’s

development

experiences classified into four areas and 11 fields which include economy, society, administration

and

governance,

and

future

and

cross-cutting

issues

that

will

help

recipient countries achieve self-reliance and sustainable development.

At

her

speech

President the

Park

at

added

that,

provide countries,

UN

Geun-hye

international

Sustainable

the

stressed

community

Development as

health would

Sustainable

part care be

of

to

this

and

that

while the

Korea

effort,

“Better

launched

aimed

actively

national

education

officially

Development

to

Life

2016

to

for

the

September

its

vulnerable

an

Agenda

President

ODA

girls

USD 200

in

Park to

developing over

next five years.

< Keynote Speech by President Park Guen-hye at the UN Sustainable

- 5 -

to for

initiative

million

Development Summit 2015, September 26, 2015 >

2015,

contribution

2030

strategy.

Girls,“

pledging

in

expand

reflecting

development

services in

Summit

the

< Poster of the 4th HLF on Aid Effectiveness >

- 6 -

2. Korea’s ODA Policy Overview In 2010, upon Korean

joining

government

following

the

OECD DAC

established

strategies

to

a

enhance

and

more

Korea’s

enacting the

integrated ODA

ODA

Framework Act, system,

performance

(the

and

the

presented

Strategic

Plan

for International Development Cooperation).

□ Basic Spirit (Three Values) Korea’s ODA

is promoting following three

guiding spirit of the

① ②

countries

eradication and

challenges

③

through

:

Developing

capacity

with

the

self-reliance

building

capability

focusing

on

of

poverty

self-reliance

A model for the global community international

in accordance

Framework Act.

Hope for aid-recipient countries developing

values

community such

as

while

:

Pursuing

actively

taking

humanitarianism,

universal

part

human

in

values

of

addressing

rights,

and

the

global

poverty

eradication

National pride to the Korean people Korea’s

global

citizenship

of

standing

while

:

cultivating

Contributing

the

national

to

enhancing

pride

and

global

Korean people

□ Direction of Korea’s ODA The

Korean government supports

able

to

The

main

(HR), (land

More

lay the

groundwork for

areas

health,

for

assistance

administration

the

ODA

poverty

than

combined,

70% is

of

the

allocated

to

bilateral the

partner countries, with 55%

various

economy),

development), environment (green

ODA

Country

help

developing countries

reduction and

encompass

(ICT,

to

budget,

- 7 -

and

industry

and

Strategy

20%

including

education

and

energy

women.

grants

Partnership

going to Asia,

sectors

and

be

self-reliance.

agriculture,

growth),

to

to

concessional

(CPS)

Africa.

for

26

loans

priority

Currently, support as

a

approach

be

untied

for

sustained aid

cooperation

Korea’s

the

Goals

and that

Development

be

to

food

concessional in

30%

into

basis,

pipeline, a

and

with

technical

balanced

Korea’s

but

way

ODA

grants,

budget

cooperation

based

ratio

by

while

the

on

the

channel ratio

of

2015.

of

Korea’s

ODA

community

contributing

in

achieving

to

the

expanding Millennium

global development challenges

such

security.

based

force

Cooperation,

in

loans

addressing

development

implemented

the

environment.

75%

for

in

project

promoted

international

and

came

will

for

on

countries

(MDGs) and

international

devised Decree

40:60

accounts

change

focuses

development

at

with

Development as climate

developing

was increased

aid

mainly

measure

countries’

Multilateral

the

ODA

supplementary

recipient will

Korea's

the

in

cooperation on

the

policies

Framework

2010,

the

Mid-term

at Act

Strategic

(five-year)

the

national

and

Plan

ODA

the for

Policy

level

are

Presidential International

by

areas,

and

Annual Implementation Plan.

These Korea’s

basic

frameworks

ODA

development mechanism

enhance

concentrating

policies

in the

had

been

policy

Korea’s

coherence

aid

implemented

past.

- 8 -

and

aid

effectiveness

potential

and

capacity,

separately

without

a

of

whose

coordinated

< The Framework Act on International Development Cooperation >

of Strategy & Finance, and Ministry of Foreign Affairs)e for International Development Cooperation (Prime Minister’s Office, Ministry of Strategy & Finance, and Ministry of Foreign Affairs) Source

:

page

Happiness

5

'Mission

Development Cooperation Finance,

and

for All Humanity"

and

Goals

of

Korea's ODA, "Opening a

published

(Prime

by the

Committee

Minister’s Office, Ministry

Ministry of Foreign Affairs)

- 9 -

for of

New Era

of

International Strategy

&

□ Strategic Plan - Three Main Strategies to Enhance International Development Cooperation

① Improving the ODA Implementation System The

Korean government established

the

for priority partner countries selected specific ODA

strategies

This aims to maximize performance-oriented ODA

projects,

and

to

improve

based

ODA

on the

strategies,

on

in identifying,

ultimately contribute

Strategy (CPS)

integrated

and

region-

implementation system.

synergy effects, based

between government departments and reflecting the

Country Partnership

to

country-specific and

implementing, and

enhancing

agencies and

evaluating

policy coherence

improving performances

needs of partner countries.

② Elaborating Development Cooperation Content Korea turned assistance

from a

this

into

end,

applicable

the

cooperation

development

experience,

are

maternal

organically

and

child

and

now

models for

Korean

development

which

recipient to a

in various stages,

experience

To

itself

project

partner

care,

countries in

systematically

Saemaul

and

job

with

the

help

of

turn its successful development

formulated

technology

integrated.

as pilot programs for the

aims to

government

content

health

donor country

aid into

emotional

Undong

training

implementation of the

an

classified

and

specific ways.

(New

model aid

model three

fields

experience,

Village

have

with

all

of of

Movement),

been

developed

model.

③ Strengthening Korea’s Participation in International Activities Korea is of

the

its

In

strengthening global development partnership

whole-of-government

contributions to

addition

member

of

to the

multilateral

ODA

policies

international organizations such

taking DAC,

on

full

Korea

is

DAC

obligations

actively

agenda.

- 10 -

taking

as

with

and the

and

part

in

the

establishment

gradually

increasing

UN.

norms

of

building

aid

new

as

a

global

< Korea’s ODA Policy Overview >

Source : Strategic Plan of Korea's ODA, www.odakorea.go.kr

영문 번역본)

(

기본정신 Guiding Spirit 수원국에 희망을, 국제사회에 모범을, 국민에게 자긍심을 Hope for Aid-Recipient Countries, A Model for the Global Community, National Pride to the Korean People 추진방향 Direction of Korea’s ODA 수원국 개발 수요와 특성 결합 Combination of partner countries’ development needs and Korea’s strength 국가 전략 기반한 일관성 있는 추진 Consistent implementation based on country strategy 두 손으로 드리는 따뜻한 원조 Aid provided with humility and respect 기본틀 Basic Framework OECD DAC 회원국/ODA 규모 및 비율/유·무상 통합체제 구축 OECD DAC member / ODA volume and ratio / Integrated ODA system 대 선진화 전략 Three Main Strategies for Enhancing International Development Cooperation

3

개발협력 콘텐츠 개발 Elaborating development cooperation content

- 11 -

개발경험분야 Category of development experience 개발경험정리 Organization of development experience 정책컨설팅 Policy consulting 사업기술분야 Category of project technology 경쟁력 기술 Competitive technology 프로젝트와 기술협력 Project & technical cooperation 감성분야 Category of emotional experience 감동사례 발굴·공유 Collecting & sharing touching cases of ODA implementation 한국적 미와 정감 Korean beauty and warmth 시스템 효과적 개편 Improving the ODA implementation system 국가전략부문 Policy & Strategy 지역별 기조 Regional strategies 중점협력국, 통합CPS Priority partner countries and integrated CPS 원조소외국 1개 선정, 접근 Selection of and approach to one marginalized developing country 사업수행 부문 Project implementation 사업발굴 및 사업효과성 Project identification and effectiveness 수원국과 협력 강화 Strengthening cooperation with partner countries 평가 부문 Evaluation 통합평가 시스템 Integrated evaluation system 성과 중심 평가, 환류 Performance-based evaluation, feedback 국제활동 강화 Strengthening Korea’s participation in international activities 글로벌 파트너쉽 Global partnership 다자원조 전략 Multilateral ODA Strategy 선진공여국 협력 Cooperation with advanced donor countries 국제기구 참여확대 Increasing participation in international organizations 인력진출 확대 More staff to international organizations ODA조달 시장 참여 Participation in ODA procurement market 국제규범 준수 Compliance with the international norm 인도적 지원 강화 Strengthening humanitarian assistance 국제개발협력 기반확대 Expanding foundation for international development cooperation 국민적 공감대 확보 Securing public consensus 기업, 대학, 연구기관들과 상생 관계 구축 Establishing mutually beneficial relationship with NGOs, enterprises, universities and research institutions

NGO,

ODA

전문인력 양성 Fostering professional ODA manpower

- 12 -

3. Korea’s ODA Coordination Mechanism Korea’s ODA and

coordinating institution,

The

CIDC

issues

is

2010,

Government

As

the

related

January

the

coordination mechanism comprises the

overall

to the

ODA

Foreign

KOICA and local

supervise

establish

strategies, and

and

concessional government

especially

the

at

Policy the

Ministry

concessional

five-year

monitor the

the

ODA

office

strategies was

Prime

implementing

and

that

Minister’s

decides

policies

established

within

Office

agencies.

on

key

of

ODA.

In

the

Office

for

(PMO)

acting

as

Ministry

of

CIDC.

Ministries,

Affairs

Ministries

for

and

committee

coordinates

Coordination

secretariat of the

supervising

coordination

and

Bureau

Policy

supervising ministries,

overall policy-making

Korea loans

ODA

Strategy

loans

and

and

Policies

Finance

grants

and

and

respectively.

annual

These

implementation

implementation progress.

Eximbank

are

respectively,

bodies

of

also

play

the

and a

implementation

30

role

for grant aid.

- 13 -

other in

the

agencies

government delivery

of

of

grants

ministries Korea’s

and

ODA,

< Coordination Mechanism of Korea’s ODA >

Source : Coordination Mechanism of Korea’s ODA,

www.odakorea.go.kr

영문 번역본) 법적 기반 Legal Basis 국제개발협력기본법 Framework Act on International Development Cooperation 국제개발협력기본법 시행령 Presidential Decree (

기본정신 Mission 개도국 빈곤감소 Poverty reduction in developing countries 여성과 아동의 인권향상 및 성평등 실현 Improvement of human rights of women and children and gender equality 지속가능한 발전 및 인도주의 실현 Sustainable development and humanitarianism 협력대상국과의 경제협력관계 증진 Promotion of economic cooperation with developing countries 국제사회의 평화와 번영 추구 Peace and prosperity of the international community

- 14 -

정책 Plan 국제개발협력 선진화 방안 Strategic Plan for International Development Cooperation 중기계획 Mid-term Policy 국제개발협력 기본계획(2016-2020) Mid-term ODA Policy for 2016-2020 다자 ODA Multilateral ODA 국제금융기구, UN 및 기타 국제기구 International financial institutions, UN and international organizations 양자 ODA Bilateral ODA 국가협력전략(CPS)에 근거 추진 Country Partnership Strategies 법·정책적 체계 Policy & Legal System 정책 수립 Institutional Framework 국제개발협력위원회 Committee for International Development Cooperation (CIDC) 위원장: 국무총리 Chair: Prime Minister 사무국: 국무조정실 개발협력정책관 Secretariat: Bureau for ODA Policy at the Office for Government Policy Coordination (PMO) 시민사회 Civil society 무상원조 관계기관협의회 EDCF

Inter-Agency Grants Committee

관계기관협의회 Inter-Agency EDCF Committee

외교부 Ministry of Foreign Affairs 기획재정부 Ministry of Strategy and Finance

- 15 -

4. Current Status and Future Plan of Korea’s ODA Korea has

continued

development assistance

of

to

Korean

expand

developing

the

contribution made

The

to

its ODA

countries,

post-war

government’s

which

recovery

upon joining the

ODA

disbursements contributing particularly

in

Iraq

and

include

the

to increase

Afghanistan,

and

in

new

IDB.

disbursements

amounted

to

USD

1.2

billion

in

2010

alone when Korea joined OECD/DAC, showing a huge expansion in terms of volume. As of 2014, Korea’s ODA totals USD 1.85 billion.

Korea expanded its ODA to KRW 2.4 trillion in 2014 from KRW 1.4 trillion in 2010 in the period of five years recording the highest annual average growth rate of 12% among the OECD DAC member countries.

The

Korean

government

November

2015

sparing

efforts

no

aiming

to

finalized

deciding

reach

to

the

to

reach

the

increase

0.25%,

ODA/GNI

the

ratio

nd

2

Mid-term

the

ODA/GNI

ratio of

the

UN

0.30%,

the

ODA

Policy

ratio

to

(2016-2020)

0.20%.

recommends, average

by

ratio

of

Korea

2020 the

in is

while OECD

DAC member countries by 2030.

Under

the

ODA,“

basic

the

manner

in

enhance

nd

2

planning

to

prevent

effectiveness

and

of

“Integrated

Mid-term ODA Policy

order

aid

principles

operating

by

ODA,”

intends

segmentalization establishing

individual

to of

“Effective implement

aid

integrated

projects

as

at

a

ODA,“ ODA

the

in

maximum

strategies

and

number

and a

”Sharing

systematic

level,

plans of

and

to

ahead

of

participating

institutions and projects increases.

While

maintaining

strengthen Africa

and

the

heavy

focus

humanitarian

providing

grant

on

aspect as

Asia, of

the

the

aid

nd

2

by

primary

Mid-term

gradually assistance

ODA

Policy

increasing measure

aims

to

allocations

to

to

the

most

impoverished partner countries. Moreover, Korea is committed to contributing to the SDGs

implementation

by

giving

priority

to

healthcare

agricultural development in developing countries.

- 16 -

&

education

for

girls

and

□ ODA Disbursements by Year

영문 번역본)

(

연도별 ODA 지원현황 (순지출, 달러기준) ODA Disbursements by Year (Net Disbursements, USD million) 구분 Type 총ODA Total ODA 양자간원조 비중(%) Bilateral (%) 무상원조 비중(%) Grants (%) 유상원조 비중(%) Concessional loans (%) 다자간원조 비중(%) Multilateral (%) ODA/GNI(%) ODA/GNI (%) 자료출처: OECD Stats, EDCF 통계 DB/자료 업데이트:2014. 03.13 Source: OECD stats. EDCF stats. DB/ updated: Mar. 13 2014 *

□

ODA Disbursements by Sector

By sector, ODA is provided to the social sector (the social infrastructure and services) including education, health, water, and public policy; the economic sector (the economic infrastructure and services) including transport, communications, energy, and finance; the production

sector

including

agriculture,

forestry,

fisheries,

industry

and

trade;

the

environment protection and multi-sector/cross-cutting sector.

For

the

last

infrastructure 37.2%

decade, &

the

services

respectively,

with

average

and aid

ODA

by

sector

has

the

economic

infrastructure

also

provided

to

cross-cutting sector (3.3%).

- 17 -

the

been &

focused

services

production

sector

on

with

the

social

46.7%

(6.2%)

and

and the

< 2008~2013 ODA Aid Share by Sector >

Source : OECD Stats. (

영문 번역본)

사회인프라 및 서비스

Social Infrastructure & Services

경제인프라 및 서비스

Economic Infrastructure & Services

생산(산업)부문

Production (Industry)

환경보호 Environment 다부문

Multi-sector/Cross-cutting

물자지원/일반프로그램 원조

Commodity aid/General prog. aid

부채관련 지원 Debt related aid 인도적 지원 Humanitarian aid 행정비용

Administrative costs

기타(미배분 포함)

Unallocated & Unspecified

□ Strategy for ODA Disbursements by Sector Korea is

providing

education, industry &

aid

healthcare, energy,

with focus on sectors

public

and

administration,

with

great demand, which

agriculture,

forestry

and

cross-cutting issues including environment and

- 18 -

are

fisheries, women.

Source : Strategic Plan of Korea's ODA, www.odakorea.go.kr

- 19 -

(

영문 번역본)

분야 Sector (

무상/유상원조) 집행전략

Implementation Strategy (Grants/Concessional loans)

교육 Education 무상 Grants 개도국의 빈곤소외계층에 대한 기초교육 기회 확대, 기능 인력 양성 및 고등인력 육성 등을 통한 인적자원개발(HRD) 지원 Increase primary education opportunities for underprivileged people in developing countries, support HRD by fostering people with skills and higher education 교육훈련시설, 교사 역량 개발, 교육훈련 기자재 지원 등을 통한 종합적인 교육환경 개선 Improve comprehensive educational environment through training facilities, teachers’ capacity building, provision of training equipment and teaching materials

유상 Concessional loans 고용기술 및 생산성 향상을 위한 대규모 직업 훈련원 건립과 원격 교육(e-learning) 등 교육정보화 사업 연계 지원 Build large-scale training centers for improving j ob skills and productivity, and support education informatization projects such as e-Learning 보건의료 Healthcare 무상 Grants 보건의료 인적역량 강화, 제도적 역량강화 및 서비스 접근성 강화를 통한 개도국의 보건의료 체계 강화 지원 Strengthen healthcare system in developing countries by enhancing personnel and institutional competencies in health and medical services, and improving accessibility to healthcare services 모자보건 및 가족계획 향상, 전염성 질병예방 및 관리 강화 등 취약 계층의 취약질병 지원 강화 Improve

maternal

of communicable

유상

Concessional

and child health diseases

and

family

planning, strengthen

prevention

and control

for vulnerable people

loans

단순 시공보다는 개발계획, 병원건설, 초기 의약품 공급, 의료진 교육, 유지관리를 연계하는 총체적 시스템(Total system) 구축 Establish total system that encompasses development planning, hospital construction, primary medical supplies, medical staff training, and management & maintenance 공공행정 Public Administration 무상 Grants 국가개발의 주체인 개도국 정부의 역량 개발(Capacity Development)를 통한 행정능력 향상, 공공제도 개선을 지원 Improve administrative competence through capacity development of the government of partner countries, support public system improvement 경제개발·산업개발·중소기업육성·과학기술정책 등 정부주도형 개발전략 전수, 전자정부, 공무원 교육훈련 등 정부 행정능력 강화 Share government-led development strategies such as economic development, industry development, fostering SMEs, and science & technology policies, strengthen government’s administrative competency through e-Government and training programs for civil servants

- 20 -

조세·관세·특허·기상·통계·입법 및 사법제도 등 행정 및 사회제도 개선의 형태로 지원 Help improve administrative and social systems including taxation, customs, patent, weather, j udicial & legislative systems

유상 Concessional loans 전자정부 등 우리의 행정·IT 분야 기술을 접목하여 협력대상국 정부 역량 개선에 기여하는 사업 지원 Support proj ects that utilize Korea’s IT and administration technologies such as e-Government to improve the government capacity of partner countries 농림수산 Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries 무상 Grants 개도국의 농업생산성, 농가소득 증대를 통한 절대빈곤 감소 및 기아퇴치 지원 Support eradicating absolute poverty and starvation through helping improve agricultural productivity and income levels of rural households in developing countries 농업기술 전수, 농업정책 및 제도 개선, 농업용수 개발, 농업연구 시설 등 농촌인프라 구축, 농기계, 비료 등 농업 생산 물자제공 형태로 지원 Share agricultural technology, improve agricultural policy and system, develop water for agricultural use, establish agricultural infrastructure including research institutions, help supply production equipment including farming machines and fertilizer 유상 Concessional loans 농업기반 정비를 위한 대규모 농촌개발, 관개사업 중점 Large-scale rural development project with focus on irrigation to strengthen the foundation for agriculture 산업에너지 Industry and Energy 무상 Grants 개도국의 산업발전의 기초인 효율적이고 접근 가능한 산업인프라의 구축 Establish efficient and accessible industrial infrastructure as a basis for industrial development of developing countries 도로·철도·항만 등 사회기반시설 구축 타당성 조사, 전력 공급 정책 및 서비스 개선, 국토종합개발 및 토지이용 타당성 조사, 인력연수시설 구축 등의 형태로 지원 F/S on SOC proj ects, improve power supply policy and service, feasibility study on comprehensive national territorial development, build HR training facilities 유상 Concessional loans 도로·철도·교량·항만 등 인프라 및 교통시스템, CNG 버스, 경전철 등 미래형 저탄소배출 교통수단 중점 Infrastructure such as road, railway, bridge and port, and transportation system with focus on future-oriented low carbon transportation such as CNG bus and light-rail 범분야 이슈(환경, 여성 등)

Cross-cutting Issues (incl. environment & women)

무상 Grants 환경·여성·인권·민주주의 등 가치규범을 원조사업의 수립 및 이행 시 충분히 반영 Fully take into account the norms and values related to environment, women, human rights and democracy when establishing and implementing aid proj ects ‘

동아시아 기후파트너십’ 포함 협력대상국의 녹색성장을 위한 사업 지속추진 Continue to promote green-growth projects for partner countries including the “East Asia Climate Partnership (EACP)”

- 21 -

협력대상국 국민의 인권향상 및 양성평등 실현 지원사업 지속 추진 Continue to promote proj ects to help achieve human rights improvement and gender equality in partner countries 유상 Concessional loans 개도국의 기후변화 대응역량강화 및 지속 성장 기반 조성을 위하여 녹색성장 분야를 최우선 지원 Give priority to green-growth area to strengthen capability of developing countries in responding to climate change and to lay a foundation for sustainable growth

□ ODA Allocations by Region For the average

last decade, of

65.5%

Asia

received

followed

by

the

largest portion

Africa

(13.0%),

of

Korea’s ODA

unspecified

(9.0%),

with

and

an

Latin

America (8.1%).

The

Korean

between

government,

2006

and

2010

however, in

terms

maintaining close

ties with Asia.

In

“the

implementing

gradually

increase

the

2

nd

has

Mid-term

African

share

expanded

of

the

ODA of

aid

ODA

share

Policy while

and

for

allocations the

to

Africa

volume

while

2016-2020,“

maintaining

the

Korea heavy

will focus

on Asia.

< 2008~2013 Average Aid Share by Region (Net disbursements, %) >

Source

:

OECD

Stats.

- 22 -

(

영문 번역본) 아시아 Asia Europe

유럽

KOICA

has

selected

Strategy) for

◌

Asia

Africa

중동

아메리카

America

오세아니아

priority

partner

specific and

&

Mongolia,

Africa

(12

Nepal,

Middle East

countries

Oceania (CPS

:

Vietnam,

Philippines,

Laos,

Pakistan,

Unspecified

Country

implementation of ODA

countries):

기타

Partnership

projects.

Indonesia,

Bangladesh,

Sri

Lanka,

East-Timor,

Solomon Islands

(8

Nigeria,

effective

Oceania

Cambodia,

◌

26

아프리카

countries)

Rwanda,

:

Ghana,

Ethiopia,

Mozambique,

DR

Latin America

◌

Middle East & CIS (2 countries) : Uzbekistan, Azerbaijan

countries)

Cameroon,

Uganda

◌

(4

Congo,

:

Colombia, Peru,

Bolivia, Paraguay

< Priority Partner Countries >

Source

:

page

Happiness

8

'Korea's

Priority Partner Countries',

for All Humanity"

Development Cooperation Finance,

and

published

(Prime

by the

"Opening a

Committee

Minister’s Office, Ministry

Ministry of Foreign Affairs)

- 23 -

for of

New Era of International

Strategy

&

□ ODA Disbursements by Type < Bilateral and Multilateral Aid > Korea has ratio

at

7:3

especially the

maintained on

with

post-war

2014,

the

average. the

aid

the

last

The

to

has

and

of

to

the

aid

ODA

changed

Asia

ratio

much

at

bilateral to

has

humanitarian

Southeast

multilateral not

decade

bilateral

expansion

recovery

bilateral

multilateral

for

is

been

aid

to

due

around

on

the

Iraq

to

68:32.

multilateral ODA rise

and

natural

disaster.

Meanwhile,

USD

100

since

1996,

Afghanistan

the

million

for

As

of

volume

for

the

of

last

decade.

< Grants and Concessional loans > There

are

average loans

two types of aid

of

the

last

respectively.

Afghanistan maintained

and at

in bilateral aid,

10

years

In

line

Iraq,

around

the 70:30.

is

62.4%

with

and

the

37.6%

for

expansion

grants

to

As

2014,

of

grants and

of

concessional grant

aid

concessional loans. grants

and

concessional

humanitarian loans

ratio

accounts

for

aid

has 63%,

concessional loans 37%.

< 2014 ODA Share by Type (Net Disbursements, %) >

Source: OECD Stats., EDCF Stats. DB (현재 그림에 있는 비중은 2012년 통계로 최종 편집 시 2014년 통계로 수정 필요) (

영문번역본) 다자간

ODA

무상원조

Multilateral ODA

양자간

Grants

유상원조

- 24 -

ODA

The

Bilateral ODA Concessional loans

to

been and

< Contact Information >

○

Korea’s

ODA (the

within PMO):

-

○ ○ ○

Bureau

Strategy

-

Finance

(MOSF): www.mosf.go.kr

Eximbank

EDCF:

Development Institute

Center

www.edcfkorea.go.kr

(KDI):

Eximbank :

82-2-3779-6607

www.kdi.re.kr

for International Development (CID):

(homepage:

○

82-44-200-2161

EDCF Coordination Group, Korea

Korea

-

Policy :

International Economic Affairs Bureau: 82-44-215-7721

MOSF/Korea

-

for Government Policy Coordination

www.odakorea.go.kr

for ODA

and

Office

82-44-550-4224

cid.kdi.re.kr)

Ministry of Foreign Affairs

development

cooperation:

www.devco.go.kr

-

○

Development Cooperation

Bureau:

82-2-2100-8344

KOICA: www.koica.go.kr

-

Strategy &

Planning Dept. :

82-31-740-0224

- 25 -

2. Experience Sharing in

e-Government

1. Progress of e-Government in Korea “e-Government� refers to a system which digitizes affairs of administrative and public agencies

utilizing

information

services

and

promote

to

technology

effective

in

an

effort

administrative

to

efficiently

interactions

carry

between

out

civil

government

agencies.

Korea has

actively

government more

pursed

e-Government as a

competitive

by leveraging

crucial means to make

the

world’s

technology (IT) infrastructure

including broadband

After

for e-Government with the

laying the

Information institutions national

Systems in

to

2002

2003

to

2007.

the

the

priority,

2001

In

groundwork

(NBIS)

1990s,

and

2000s, system

e-Government

in

would

be

a

administrative government network people

to

all

great

by

the

e-Government

file

E-Government administrative

1980s,

Korean 11

major

a

public

services

wider sector.

tasks

(SNS)

for

birth,

interactive

the

applicable

laws

and

e-Government

as

initiatives

for

e-Government

from

the

e-Government

and

which in

system job,

integrated helped

was

map

each

and

channel

a

from

respective

successfully

settle

administration

established

relocation,

government

road

government

communication

provides

Major National Basic

set

innovation

online

5

has

linked

The

including

which

and

applicability,

Non-stop

an

major

information

Internet.

government

government

for

established

services

31

example.

civil

the

implemented

followed

late

the

in

best

the

to

death.

cover Also,

utilizing

information

and

all the

social

enables

complaints.

has

produced

work

have

visible been

results:

the

significantly

- 26 -

efficiency enhanced;

and

transparency

administrative

of

civil

services to

have

take

part

a

result,

As

been

Korea

UN

categories

of

infrastructure Accordingly, the

the

have

e-Government the

the and

process

ranked

Global

first

e-Government

effectiveness

of

Korea’s

exported

from an

193

Surveys

and

and

exceeds

been

the

UN in

2010,

e-Government

estimated

USD

general

states

2012,

Index

E-Participation

to

the

member

e-Government

2010

for

public

expanded.

Development

community,

export

opportunities

among

human resources,

been

and have

E-Government

international

million

improved;

in policy-making

consecutive

by

greatly

is

and

500

in

covers

the ICT

Index.

widely

first

three

2014

that

acknowledged

systems worth

the

for

half

million

USD

of

in

1,944.66

2015.

2015

The

alone

for

first time.

< 2010~2015 e-G overnment Export b y Year > Year Amount (USD million)

The

Korean

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

155.92

237.71

342.12

419.28

475.21

government

annually

holds

the

“Global

2015

2015

(1st half)

(estimation)

314.42

522.49

Conference

for

e-Government

Leadership� in order to share both successful experience and errors from the process of

implementing

challenges

faced

e-Government, by

and

government

to

make

officials

in

collective

charge

of

efforts

to

find

e-Government

solutions

to

development

in

developing countries.

Also,

the

Korean

government

has

been

operating

a

training

program

for

foreign

officials and expanding opportunities every year to share e-Government development experience. From 1998 to 2014, 5,130 foreigners from 128 countries participated in the program,

and

in

2014

alone,

the

number

of

participants

that of the previous year.

- 27 -

surged

to

1,339,

four

times

< 1998~2014 e-G overnment T raining Program O peration b y Year > ’98

’99

’00

’01

’02

’03

’04

’05

’06

’07

’08

’09

’10

’11

‘12

‘13

’14

Total

93

158

168

266

207

345

318

286

261

292

156

240

237

233

231

300

1,339

5,130

29

34

32

36

46

49

57

59

68

68

44

27

52

42

56

29

32

128

Trainee s Nation alities

Currently, where

the

pubic

through

the

This is part

Korean services

are

convergence

of

aging

and

public welfare.

society,

Page

Ministry of the

5,

and

is

available

and

establishing to

people

integration

Korea’s effort to

and

Source:

government

actively

"e-Government

address respond

of

of

a

“Smart

regardless

ICT and

e-Government of

place

and

Plan” media

government services.

social challenges such as low birthrate to

Korea

Interior

- 28 -

future

Best

issues

such

Practices"

as

social

published

safety

by

the

2. Achievement

□ Improvement in Both Efficiency and Transparency of Administrative Work

○

Use

of

electronic

administrative

documents

affairs

electronically

has

such

handled,

become

as

HR,

dramatically

a

standard

finance,

enhancing

practice,

and

and

most

procurement

efficiency

of

are

government

administration.

-

All financial activities across time

-

through

Korea

ON-line

institutions the

the

E-Procurement

and

world’s

268,000

biggest

transaction volume

○

All

central

Business

of

government can

System

suppliers

of KRW

System

the

Accounting

as

e-procurement

administrative

Process

procedures

the

Digital Budget and

(KONEPS) users,

be

managed

in

real

System.

has

which

marketplaces

some has

47,000

become

generating

public one

a

of

total

74 trillion annually.

institutions (On-nara

government,

have

BPS)

introduced

to

record

significantly

a

all

standardized

decision-making

increasing

transparency

in

administration.

-

The

system

agencies

including

reducing

time

from 6

□

hours

Provision Services

○ -

(On-nara)

With of

the

online

civil

payment

The

number

issuance

of

32

from also

50.10 million

taxes

of 3.59

by

central

minutes

of

has via

million

in

process

who by

3 hours and

Civil

been the

workers

3 27

in

179

enjoy hours

government

the

and

benefit 5

of

minutes

-

minutes.

Company-Oriented Administrative

the

subscribers

significantly

to

&

850,000

ministries,

business

People

service

of

used

for

establishment

and

million

the

spent and

is

fully

Service

Portal

ushered,

(Minwon

enabling

24),

the

notification,

era

filing

Internet.

to

Minwon

2008

with

increasing

recently.

- 29 -

24

the

from

recently number

10.95

increased

of

million

online in

to

12.2

certificate

2008

to

over

○

Various

establishment online

-

business

The

of

On-Stop

are

number

number

of

from

of

business

199

in

supported

Business

processing of logistics,

increased

□

activities

Support

customs

to

4,020

visitors aldo increased

by

Service

clearance,

information

2005

efficiently

and

services

recently,

from 46,950

means

(G4B)

to

the

along

with

through

G4B

trading.

provided

and

of

the

average

269,309

monthly

recently.

Enhancing Communication with the Citizens on Government Policies

○

People more

can

now

easily

connected

through

to

civil services

-

This

channel

opinions

○

People

all

the

in

the

single

administrative

government

online

allows

real-time

particular

issues

policies on a

can

easily

information

online

public

can

real-time

request

and

and

called

process

e-People

provides

that

is

comprehensive

receiving petitions.

hearings,

be

through

delivered

which

before

public

reflected

to

basis.

view

(e-Hanarominwon),

National Archives of Korea

decision-making

window

institutions

such as resolving complaints and

also

on

government

participate

a

wide

and

also

range have

of

administrative

online

access

to

the

anytime, anywhere.

□ Increased Efficiency of Information Resource Management ○ The

Government

systems

across

manner,

strengthening

errors and

-

The

GIDC

from 67

○

Integrated

The

the

Data

Center

government

in

government’s

(GIDC)

a

manages

comprehensive

capability

to

all

information

and

respond

integrated

to

system

per

system

security threats.

has

drastically

reduced

the

duration

of

failure

minutes to 3.1 seconds.

adoption

informatization

of

the

Enterprise

blueprint,

of e-Government

at

the

enables

Architecture the

design

government-wide

- 30 -

and

level.

(EA),

a

comprehensive

systematic

management

3.

Global Recognition of Korea’s e-Government

□ Korea’s e-Government is recognized

○

as one of the world’s best by the international organizations. Since 193

2003,

the

member

surveys

in

UN

states. 2010,

Development

has

Korea 2012,

Index“

and

provided ranked and

2014

e-Government services The

UN

few

countries

a

one-stop

single

□

evaluated along

portal

integrated

Korea with which

first

in

in

the

the

biennial

most

assessment

recent

categories

three

of

on

its

consecutive

“E-Government

”E-Participation Index.“

□ Korea among a few countries

○

comparative

in the

its

with one-stop portal providing all

2012

US,

e-Government

Norway,

provides

all

survey

Denmark

e-Government

that

as

have

services

one

of

the

established through

website.

Korea’s e-Government is recognized as one of the world’s best by the international organizations.

- 31 -

a

Source:

Page

9-10,

Ministry of the

"e-Government

of

Korea

Interior

- 32 -

Best

Practices"

published

by

the

4. Five Best Practices of Korea’s e-Government The

followings

are

practices that have organizations,

and

some

of the

received those

examples

awards

citied

and

of

Korea’s e-Government best

certificates

from international

by international organizations.

□ Government Integrated Data Center (GIDC)

- 33 -

Source:

Page

12-13,

Ministry of the

"e-Government

of

Korea

Interior

- 34 -

Best

Practices"

published

by

the

â–Ą Electronic Customs Clearance System (UNI-PASS)

- 35 -

Source:

Page

14-15,

Ministry of the

"e-Government

of

Korea

Interior

- 36 -

Best

Practices"

published

by

the

â–Ą Korea Online E-Procurement System

- 37 -

Source:

Page

24-25,

Ministry of the

"e-Government

of

Korea

Interior

- 38 -

Best

Practices"

published

by

the

â–Ą Civil Service Portal

- 39 -

Source:

Page

34-35,

Ministry of the

"e-Government

of

Korea

Interior

- 40 -

Best

Practices"

published

by

the

â–Ą One-Stop Business Support System

- 41 -

Source:

Page

42-43,

Ministry of the

"e-Government

of

Korea

Interior

- 42 -

Best

Practices"

published

by

the

○

< Contact Information > Ministry of the

Interior:

www.moi.go.kr

-

Global e-Government

-

International Administrative

Division

: 82-2-2100-3946

Cooperation Bureau

(ODA) :

82-2-2100-4275

○

National Information Society

-

e-Government

Agency: www.nia.or.kr

International Cooperation

Division

:

82-53-230-1661

○

e-Government Standard

-

National Information

Framework:

www.egovframe.go.kr

Society Agency :

- 43 -

82-1566-2059

3. Experience Sharing in KSP & EDCF 1. Korea’s Economic Development Experiences Korea the

achieved

Miracle

after the

unprecedentedly

on the

established

strategy in the

heavy and

and

the

groundwork

of

and

export-led

nation

heavy industry goods. for the

was more 1988

world’s top

started

1970s,

natural resources

1953 which

to

Korea

export

made

devastated

raw materials

Called

and

OECD,

one

Singapore

a group

this

the

one

time

of the

foundation

the

steel and

edge.

countries

”Four Asian Tigers”

by foreign media,

composed

and

advanced

the

that Korea laid

global competitive

of the

and

capital investment in

shipbuilding industry,

than ready to become

Kong

the

to as

economic development

It was during

which Korea has

Olympics.

Taiwan, Hong of

the

the

Starting in the

chemical industries for

member

between 1950

financial and

chemical industry for economic development laying

export

the

even with scarce

implemented

1960s in which

for

held

economic growth, often referred

nationwide.

light industry goods.

Korea

River,

three-year Korean War

industrial facilities

Korea

Han

rapid

it

along with

Korea became

mainly of advanced

as

the

29

countries,

in

th

December 1996.

Korea’s export drastically increased 572.6 billion to

USD

In

the

and

28,180

In

capita

natural resources, while

exports and

November

was mere

million in 1960

USD 60

to

USD

in 1948, but surged

in 2014.

process of pursuing intensive

central role on

in 2014. GNI per

from USD 32.827

large

leading

imports,

1997,

growth in

companies

exports,

and

the

conglomerates came

which made

the

first

- 44 -

financial

to play a

Korea’s economy dependent

thereby very susceptible

Korea faced

midst of scarce

to external factors.

major financial crisis in its course

of

remarkable

the

IMF.

However,

aggressive able In

to

the

227

process,

garnered

led

of

After

huge

the

4-5%

annual

Global

trade.

504.6

2009,

as

2014,

Based

369.6

billion

debt

to

on

best

ICT.

WiBro

one

in

pay

even

within

record

back

the

a

just

bailout two

fund

years

enterprises,

current

voluntarily

of

the

to

grow

and

IMF

from

through

and

account

gathered

nation’s

was

surplus. donated

debt,

of

Korea

which

growth,

exchange

th

standing

at

doubling in

saw

rate

its

2007

2010

years

Korea.

nominal recording

economic

in

recognize

for

nation

Korea,

reserve,

Korea

biggest

volume 9

three

growth

during

Korea’s

the

economic

crisis.

seven

the

within

trillion

growth

media

from a

trade

economy,

crisis.

6.3%

foreign

crisis

financial institutions to

its

the

recorded

financial

USD 1.493

to

world’s

economic

reserves

as

with

31.1%

four

achieve

of

October

ratio

of

in

consecutive

to

the

as

exporters

of

USD 2015,

2010, years 1

2015,

from

trillion

holds

short-term

March

and

of

USD

external

boasting

its

risk management.

the was

went

everyday life, and

major

during

Major

made

foreign

a

2001

except

trillion

its

Korea

which

received

insolvent

and

global economic &

billion

of

which

of

of

people

to

continued

and

one

foreign

is

effort

of

Crisis.

capacity for stable

Korea

Korean

it

around

prices,

overcoming

rate

one

USD

and

Textbook Recovery

became

to

fully

growth

and

recorded

an

Korea

USD

performance

2011

of

Financial

Korea

in

itself

liquidation

rate

million

where

international attention.

crisis,

from

2008

3.5

turned

and

growth

introduction

GDP

in

Korea

gold

experience

to the

development

restructuring

stabilize

tons

Such

economic

most the

dynamic first

nationwide

in in

even built the

countries the

world

2011,

4G

on

and

LTE

- 45 -

to

went

the

planet

with

commercialize on

nationwide

to

make

network.

its

world’s

CDMA DMB

and

part

of

Major

economic

million USD

(as

1.0981

billion); 60.9%

※

of

indicators

November

trillion

of

2015);

(2014,

government

(as of October

the

GDP

export

budget

Korean USD

USD

KRW

economy 1.41

572.6

386.7

trillion

billion

trillion

are;

(2014);

and

(2016);

population trade

import

and

50.61

volume

USD

525.5

employment

rate

2015).

< 도표 또는 그림 >

① 인구, ② 국내총생산(GDP), ③ 1 인당 ⑤ 외환보유고, ⑥ 정부예산, ⑦ 고용률을

최종 편집 시 도표 또는 그림으로 GDP, 무역규모(수출입 구분), 시각화하여 수록

④

2. Major Drivers Behind Korea’s Economic Development Korean

economy

foreign

aid

started

before

it

to

took

grow

off

in

gradually the

early

in

the

1960s

1950s

taking

with

the

the

lead

help

in

its

of

own

economic growth focusing on export.

Among

various

export-led high-tech

drivers

economic industry;

standpoint;

iv)

contribution

impoverished

development

iii)

Korea’s model;

improvement

efficiency

of

behind

of

education,

countries

the

based

in

the

of

all

world,

ii)

which

was

heavy

productivity

economic

of

development

fostering

factor

national on

economic

able

industry

from

development

Korea, to

once

achieve

are;

an

the

and

economic

plan;

one

i)

of

and

the

v)

most

“compressed

growth.”

□ Export-led Economic Development Model Korea

with

overseas annual

market

GNP

increase Korea

lack

in

for

growth

the

achieved

international

of

natural source rate

output

for

economic

competition

resources of

of

economic

9.5%

export. growth

rather

such

in This by

than

as

crude

driver.

the

Korea

1960s

gives

it.

- 46 -

its

a

has

recorded

thanks

Korea

increasingly

protecting

oil

to

the

unique

exposing domestic

always an

average

considerable

trait,

its

tried

which

economy

industries

is to

against

Many

established

University Studies

and

who

economists

Johns has

export-oriented

including

Hopkins

long

economic

decided

the

market,

the

declining

foreign

War, and

the

even

with

after the

In

the

Korea words, in

Korea

process,

rapid

Korea.

below

4%,

The

key Korea

domestic

supported

the

growth

Korea’s

the

development

growth.

in

University

studied

remarkable

to

the

strategy

investment

of

domestic

savings

gross

domestic

savings

but rose

to over

16%

in the

crucial

of

GNP)

< Korea’s Top 10 Exports >

that

the

Korea’s

everything economic of

was

policy

income

Domestic

since

rapid

International

right

deficit.

role.

increase

Stanford

behind

while

source

account

mid-1970s.

- 47 -

driver

that,

main

enabled (%

the

of

agree

export-oriented

the

a

Advanced

economy

was

current

played

Krueger

of

was

the

then

increasing

of

School

success

aid,

Anne

Korean

maintained

savings

70-100%

prof.

the

1960s.

increase in

the

savings

of

early

In

in

other

investment 1960s

was

â–Ą Policy to Promote Heavy Industry and High-tech Industry In

the

early

industry

stage

using

fostering

of

simple

heavy

economic

labor

due

industry

development,

to

lack

and

of

Korea

technology,

manufacturing

put and

such

priority later

as

on

moved

light on

to

semi-conductor,

shipbuilding and automobile, whose strategy proved to be effective.

Aggressive

yet

government continued the

R&D

The level

total

and

growth to

GDP

number

showing

in-depth

continuous the of

more

research

private the

ratio of

R&D sector

Korean

at

investment

4.4%,

since

economy. and

7

R&D

researchers

than

12

and

th

in

in

researchers

technologies

patent applications both at home

the

are

and

in

high-tech

1980s

has

been

Korea

is

among

terms

of

the

Korea per

is

over

1,000

shown

industry the

the

total

people

through

a

key

world’s

amount

400,000,

by

an

of

top

the in

R&D.

impressive

employed, great

to

the

whose

volume

of

abroad.

< R&D Expenditure to GDP Ratio> (%)

Source : OECD, Main Science and Technology Indicators, 2013-2 Country Name (left to right): Romania, Greece, Slovakia, Poland, Russia, Italia, Hungary, Spain, Portugal, Norway, UK, Ireland, Canada, Czech, China, Netherlands, Estonia, Belgium, France, U.S., Slovenia, Austria, Germany, Denmark, Taiwan, Japan, Sweden, Finland, Israel, Korea

- 48 -

< Science and technology competitiveness (global ranking) > Classification

2009

2013

Total R&D investment

7

7

Total R&D investment to GDP ratio

5

3

Corporate R&D expenditure

7

6

Corporate R&D expenditure to GDP ratio

5

2

Number of researchers in R&D

8

7

Number of patents applied by applicant's origin

－

4

Number of patents applied by applicant's origin (per 100,000 pop.)

－

3

Number of patents granted by applicant's origin

－

4

Number of patents granted by applicant's origin (per 100,000 pop.)

－

2

Source: IMD World Competitiveness Yearbook (2013)

□ Improvement of Factor Productivity The

remarkable

growth Korea

improvement of factor

achieved

was

rate

of GNI

recorded

to

the

report,

rise

fixed

capital

investment

input

while

improvement

income.

the

thanks by the

average

factor input and

to

the

KDI

great

on

the

annual

total factor

(component ratio 52.6%) and

3.3%p

number

(1.9%p)

respectively.

According

supply

3.6%p

report

1970-2010,

6.9%, to which

productivity (TFP) contributed (47.4%)

possible

productivity. According to a

economic growth factor of Korea between growth

made

(0.2%p) For

also

the

economies of scale

(1.1%p) of

made

factor

in

the

account

educational major

level

people

the

to

technological

major contributions.

- 49 -

employed

biggest

(0.3%p)

contributions

productivity,

(1.3%p) made

for

of

portion

and the

in

increase growth

advances

the in

of

and

factor

housing national

(1.6%p)

and

□ Efficiency of National Development Plan Since

1962,

economic

the

Korean

development

industrialization economy

and

relying

upon

growth

are

① The 1 The

st

main

and

of

and

through

export;

made

attracting

in

nd

key

steel

develop

rate

reached

rd

(6)

st

1

and

of

leads

plans

export.

improvement

5-year

Economic (2)

expanding (5)

Among

theory

to

were

that

self-reliant

implemented

benefits

economic

of

structure,

promoting

industry,

and

foreign

key

oil

the

capital,

balance In

rapid

rise

in

was

building

(1)

such

as

SOC;

(4)

international

fertilizer, of

able

were;

supply

particular,

expansion

Korea

and

of

refining,

Plan

energy

industries

technology. as

Development

increasing

improving

such

Economic

afforestation, and

and

human 10.5%

Development and

resources.

surpassing

the

heavy

to

be

payment

investment

chemical

SOC.

family During

the

7%

of

aimed

on

(3)

industry,

Succeeding track

this

(5)

(1)

for

in

strong

USD

700

improve

period,

the

achieve

resources;

production

reach

plan;

to;

marine

industrial

industry;

through

Plan

development

double

machinery

population

and

rd

inducement

government-led

inducement

industries

structure

control

③ The 3

the

modernization

5-year

Five Year Economic Development Plan (1967-71)

5-year

industrial

(4)

western

implemented

growth.

self-sufficiency,

chemical,

the

and

level.

(3)

and

extensive

rapid

nd

established

capital

economy,

resources;

electro-mechanical

2

on

productivity;

coal;

idle

The

of

the

agricultural

utilizing

② The 2

foreign

capital

income

goals

electricity

and

Based

modernization, foreign

has

Five Year Economic Development Plan (1962-66)

boosting

was

plans.

through

expansion

employment

government

by

(2)

enhance

building

million

national

average

food

in

the

export;

income;

(6)

annual

growth

economic

growth

target.

Five Year Economic Development Plan (1972-76)

The

3

5-year

Economic

and

development

of

Development

heavy

chemical

Plan

aimed

industry.

- 50 -

to

rapid

However,

the

collapse

of

the

international the

1

st

oil

though, efforts

financial

crisis

Korea to

④ The 4

attract

th

and of

USD

10

billion

speculation

had

1979.

recorded

Under

th

the

people

price

to

of

theme

of

stability

Plan

for

for

in to

August

Korea.

rate

implement

of

1971

and

Fortunately,

11%

with

export-driven

its

policies

East.

equity for

and

estate

and

the

severe

capita

effect lack

economy

of

USD

downturn to

5-year

technological and

Although 944

growth

necessities.

began

4

development

rapid

daily

th

the

equity,

growth.

GNP

from

of

of

social

self-reliant

economic

Korean

efficiency,

promotion

through

per

side

and

in

caused

recover

by

Korea

1977,

such

Korea

the

as

high

even

the

starting

2 in

the

saw

nd

oil

1981,

real growth rate.

to;

by

within

balance,

strengthen national

stability

expanding

strategies 10%;

are;

(2)

and

job

policy;

growth

(5)

(1)

of

fostering

development

and

levels

continuing

and

regions.

environment

maximizing market

with

factor

strategy

and

and

advantage; (7)

※ 도표 : 경제발전 5개년 계획별 중점 목표를 도표로 정리하여 시각화) - 51 -

for

investment

promoting social development.

(

of

mechanism

competitive

protection;

(2)

welfare

inflation

export-led

securing

livelihood;

promote

and

Economic

by

(3)

driving

industries

5-year

people’s

structural

savings (3)

5th

competitiveness

stabilizing

controling

7-8%;

(4)

the

opportunities;

promoting

competition;

basic needs and

and

growth between income

sustained

land

efficiency

(1)

economic

level

foreign

balanced

people’s

crisis

growth

Middle

enables

with

the

aimed

promoting

open-door

export

stability,

development

through

and

the

aimed

that

real

due

7.1%

income

efficiency

(6)

in

through balanced

Specific

Shock

economic annual

improvement

cope

However,

foundation

improve

average

Nixon

Five Year Economic Development Plan (1982-86)

Development the

to

growth

⑤ The 5

brought

growth,

Plan

structure

prices,

and

of

efficiency

also

in

the

investment

priorities

nation

crisis

an

foreign

Development

establishment

negative

1973

to

construction boom in

the

innovation

achieved

due

Five Year Economic Development Plan (1977-81)

on

Economic

October

maintained

along with the

Based

in

exchange

meeting

□ Contribution of Education to Economic Development Korea’s

remarkable

people’s level.

It

enthusiasm was

the

that the

Education

is

that

cultural

identity

a

educational

tied

with

country.

to

was

education

nation needed

closely

form

growth

toward

Korean

manpower

factors

economic

new

made

and

investment

system

as

possible

that

thanks made

nurtured

to

at

and

the the

Korean national

provided

elite

it developed.

all

economic,

Education

generations

plays and

social,

the

role

helps

political,

of

and

conveying

integrate

a

a

cultural country’s

society

through

socialization.

Furthermore,

it

also

new

teaches

supplies

labor

knowledge,

as

a

driving

attitude,

force

and

for

economic

technologies

to

development.

drive

a

It

country’s

development.

Education successfully played the

high

level

participation

of

and

Korean better

to

developed

carry

out

skills and

People

and

had

learned

through mind

the

public 5-year

training

not

education,

role

education

job

enabling social mobility for

Korea

its

necessary to be

and

as led

a

of

national development

foundation

to

effective

for

labor

economic

as

market benefit,

each individual.

educational Economic

through to

system

to

Development

through the

able

course

served

prospect,

only skills and and

in the

system

nurture Plans,

met the

work in

an

regulations.

- 52 -

and

needs

techniques but also

socialization,

professional

people

those

who

from the

diligence

manpower

market.

and

sincerity

also foster attitude

organization

while

learned

and

observing rules

3. Korea’s Current Economic Policy (Three Year Economic Innovation Plan) Though global

the

economic

growth is

world

also

rate,

crisis

high

facing

economy

Park

Three-Year national

unprecedented

The

plan

2.

economy

in

domestic demand

The

Korean

Three-Year

three

to

unbalanced such

as

stability

we

after

continue

growth.

low

and

inaugurated

Plan

innovate

key

dynamic

The

fertility,

the

to

see

Korean

aging

2008 low

society

population,

goals:

(2014-2017)

Korean 1.

innovation;

in

an 3.

as

economy

economy an

2013

the

and

with

economy

has

introduced most

take

strong

with

a

it

the

significant to

the

next

fundamentals;

balance

between

exports.

government

Economic

managing the

and

its

coordination,

challenges

Innovation

order

has of

global

Administration

Economic

agenda

recovering

polarization.

Geun-hye

level. an

through

slowly

unemployment

jobless growth, and

The

is

has

identified

Innovation

Plan

59

and

detailed is

tasks

continuously

to

realize

monitoring

the and

progress.

< President Park Geun-hye attending the 2015 Government Work Report January 13, 2015 >

- 53 -

In particular, that

the

eliminate

Korean government

trade

barriers

is pursuing full

between

countries,

market to over 70% of the global GDP by 2017. and

effectual

strategy

that

can

help

boost

market

making

opening through FTAs

effort

to

expand

FTA can be the most

economy,

create

jobs

its

FTA

cost-effective

and

promote

and EU,

with the

consumer benefit without causing huge financial burden.

Currently,

Korea

holds

15

FTAs

in effect

signed with U.S.,

China

total number of countries amounting to 51. The FTAs with China, Vietnam and New Zealand were ratified in December 2015 by the National Assembly of Korea and went into effect.

< Korea’s FTA Partners >

Source: FTA portal (www.fta.go.kr)

영문 번역본)

(

countries China,

left

Korea,

to

right:

Vietnam,

European ASEAN,

Free

Trade

Singapore,

Association Australia,

Peru, Chile

- 54 -

EFTA,

New

EU,

Zealand,

Turkey, Canada,

India, U.S.,

<

Detailed Tasks for 'Three-Year Economic Innovation Plan' (59 tasks) >

Strategies

Tasks

Details

Public sector reform (8 tasks)

∙ Reform public institutions by putting an end to irregularities ∙ Reform subsidies and public sector pensions

Economy with strong fundamentals

Principled market economy (6 tasks)

(15 tasks) Stronger safety net (1 task)

∙ Put an end to unfair practices between conglomerates and SMEs, protect tenant rights to premiums, reform job market, strengthen personal information protection

∙ Strengthen social safety net in order to support those left behind in the process of economic reform ∙ Establish and expand creative economy innovation centers ∙ Help SMEs and medium-sized enterprises enhance

Creative economy (11 tasks)

competitiveness, resolve management difficulties when startups grow into SMEs, resolve management difficulties when SMEs grow into medium-sized enterprises ∙ Promote M&As ∙ Foster new industries such as industry convergence

Economy of dynamic innovation (25 tasks)

Investment in the future (7 tasks)

Overseas market development (7 tasks)

Economy with

Facilitate domestic consumption (4 tasks)

∙ Increase investment in R&D, attract talent from overseas ∙ Implement green house gas emissions trading scheme, secure energy supply, build an environment-friendly energy town

∙ Maximize the strategic use of FTAs ∙ Help Korean SMEs become globally competitive hidden champions, create online overseas markets, add high added values to overseas construction/plant exports ∙ Restructure household debt, normalize housing transactions and stabilize rental housing market, ease the burden of high private educational costs

a balance between domestic demand and

Boost investment (11 tasks)

exports (18 tasks)

Increase female and youth employment (3 tasks)

Preparation for unification (1 task)

∙ Establish regulatory reform system ∙ Promote promising service industries, such as healthcare, education, tourism, finance, software and content industries ∙ Stimulate regional economies

∙ Facilitate employment of young people and women

∙ Prepare for unification

- 55 -

4. Knowledge Sharing Program (KSP)

□ KSP Overview The

Knowledge

Sharing Program (KSP) is

and

economic cooperation program

a knowledge-intensive

designed

to

socio-economic development by sharing Korea’s KSP offers comprehensive countries encompassing

help

partner countries’

development

policy consultations tailored

in-depth analysis, policy

development

to

experience.

the

consultation,

The

needs of partner and

training

opportunities.

Drawing

from

recognizes economic

its

own

experience

“knowledge development.

Knowledge

Sharing

In

in

the

countries and

It

aims

In collaboration with the has three

pillars: KDI

Eximbank

leading the

Modulation. Launched

to

of

learning

as

an

context, (KSP), share

working

from

the a

new

School of

2004,

KSP

in Latin America, 6

government

paradigm

towards lessening the

with

launched

for the

development

knowledge

Finance

(MOSF),

assisting

divide.

the

the

KSP

Korea

international organizations

Public Policy

Middle

and 50

East,

Central Asia.

< KSP Partner Countries >

- 56 -

of

Korea

tool

know-how

(Bilateral KSP),

has partners in

in the

countries,

innovative

development

Ministry of Strategy and

KDI

and

Korean

Korea’s

Joint Consulting

in

advanced

effective

leading Policy Consultation

(Multilateral KSP), and

in Africa, 14

this

Program

cooperation partner

2004.

sharing”

Management leading

countries: 13

and

8 in

in Asia, 9

Europe

and

□ Major Projects ① Policy Consultation Starting with only two countries in 2004,

the

number has

grown to 46 by 2015.

The

KSP has offered comprehensive development assistance programs that include in-depth analysis,

policy

workshops

for

development well

as

recommendations practitioners

experience.

international

It

has

of

on

priority

partner

drawn

organizations

much as

policy

countries

it

areas

based

attention

from

differs

from

and on

policy

Korea’s

developing

training economic

countries

theory-oriented

as

policy

recommendations and technical assistance from advanced countries.

Partner countries are divided into two categories: 1) KSPs with the Development Partner Countries (DPCs) for a 1-year program, and 2) Strategic Development Partner Countries (SDPCs) for 3-year program depending on the volume of budget and the strategic significance of the program. The main 11 areas of KSP include socio-economic development strategy, agricultural development, financial services, knowledge-based economy, economy crisis management, e-Gov & ICT development, export promotion, infrastructure, HR development, energy & green growth, SMEs development.

< Characteristics of Policy Consultation >

Source: Page 8, "Knowledge Sharing Program" published by MOSF, KDI and Eximbank

- 57 -

< Policy Consultation Program Implementation >

Source: Page 10, "Knowledge Sharing Program" published by MOSF, KDI and Eximbank

② In

Joint Consulting with International organizations an

effort

to

improve

the

quality

of

its

knowledge-sharing

activities,

Consulting with International Organizations (IOs),” multilateral KSP,

“the

Joint

was launched in

2011. As of 2015, it has carried out 53 projects for 27 countries in partnership with 7 IOs.

- 58 -

The Joint

Consulting with International Organizations (IOs) links lessons learned from

Korea’s economic development with IOs development consulting expertise and network. Korean

KSP

consultants

and

IO

teams

work

together

to

jointly

support

developing

countries. This program has been carried out by the Korea Eximbank.

< Program Cycle of Multilateral KSP >

Source: Page 16, "Knowledge Sharing Program" published by MOSF, KDI and Eximbank

- 59 -

③ Modularization of Korea’s Development Experience Modularization policies

and

basic

based

policy

completed

experience between

a

under

2010

on

and

have

such and

Bilateral based

Experience

greatly

standards

evaluation,

for

Projects

development and

Development

that

content,

information

Cooperation

KDI

Korea’s

systems

development system,

of

contributed as

to

to

in

content

unique

economic

implementation

order

Consultation

Knowledge

document Korea’s

background,

implications

Policy

on

aims

to

utilize

and

of

them

as

Development

including

consulting,

operation of training/educational programs.

series 14

of

case

themes.

2014

with

studies

The

from

2007

modularization

complete

to

2009

project

documentation

was

on

Korea’s

consisting

development

of

completed

138

by

cases

the

KDI

School of Public Policy & Management.

E-Content 100

best

is in the pipeline consisting of development

Korea’s

development

case

modules

experience

outstanding modules in an effort

established include

up

until

economic

2012.

The

best

development

to spread

practices

plans,

of

export

promotion, R&D promotion, and Saemaul Undong (New Village Movement) taking into account

Korea’s

competitive

edge

and

the

policy

consultation

needs

of

the

partner

countries.

< Modularization Program Cycle >

Source: Page 22, "Knowledge Sharing Program" published by MOSF, KDI and Eximbank

- 60 -

â–Ą KSP Snapshots since 2010

Source: Page 24, "Knowledge Sharing Program" published by MOSF, KDI and Eximbank

- 61 -

5. Economic Development Cooperation Fund (EDCF) (1) EDCF Overview The

EDCF was

supporting

established

in 1987

industrialization

and

by the

economic

Government development

of

Korea

of

with the

developing

purpose

countries

of

and

promoting economic cooperation between Korea and developing countries.

EDCF projects, the

whose funding consists of

government’s

fund,

cover

special

budget

concessional

loans

account

of

government’s contributions, and

Korea’s

profit

ODA.

earned

The

from the

initial

borrowings operation

contribution

of

from

of

KRW

the 30

billion from the Korean government was made in 1987, and the government continued yearly contribution since then.

As

of

October

development showing loan

the

2015,

EDCF

projects

of

cumulative

commitment

for

52

loan

the

has

approved

partner

which grew to reach KRW

1.4

Korea's EDCF

is among the

commitment

members. And countries

while

its contribution to minimizing

their

of

exceeded

trillion

KRW

countries

commitment

year

over

since

KRW

KRW

for the

5.513

1

12.211 the

inception

trillion.

trillion

trillion

for

In the

for in

2008, first

340 1987

EDCF time,

year 2014.

biggest

in size

helping economic burden is highly

among OECD DAC

development

of

partner

recognized.

By continent, there are 12 partner countries in Asia & Oceania, 21 in Africa &

Middle

East, 6 in Latin America, and 9 in Europe & CIS.

< EDCF Project Site >

Source:

Page

Coordination

31,

"EDCF"

published

by

Economic

Group

- 62 -

Development

Cooperation

Fund

□ EDCF Annual & Cumulative Commitment (1987-2014)

Source:

Page

6,

Coordination

"EDCF"

published

by

Economic

Development

Cooperation

Fund

Group

□ EDCF by Region Between 1987 portion

Source:

of

and

66.7%,

Page

Coordination

7,

2014, EDCF followed

"EDCF"

by

to

Asian

Africa

published

by

countries accounts

20.8%

and

Economic

Group

- 63 -

for the

biggest

Latin America 6.2%.

Development

Cooperation

Fund

â–Ą EDCF by Sector By

sector,

17.1%

EDCF

for water

for education,

Source:

Page

7,

Coordination

committed

supply

6.7%

and

35.4%

of

sanitation,

total 11.3%

for public administration,

"EDCF"

published

by

Economic

commitments

for

for health, 9.5% and

6.5%

transportation,

for

energy,

6.9%

for communications.

Development

Cooperation

Fund

Group

(2) EDCF Partner Countries and Types of Loans

â–Ą Partner Country Groups

EDCF

currently classifies

development rates

and

annually economies

phases

and

repayment according based

to

partner per

plans the

countries

capita for

into

income

each

World

five

levels,

group.

Bank

on estimates of GNI per

- 64 -

groups based which

The

income

capita.

on

economic

differentiate

groups

are

classification

interest

re-arranged of

world

▥ Types of Loans A. Loans to the Government or Corporations of Partner Countries (1) Development Project Loan: This loan provides funds for infrastructure projects, for example, to build roads, railways, hospitals, job training centers, water supply and sewage facilities under the economic development plans of partner countries. (2) Public-Private Partnership Loan:　This loan provides funds for the governments or corporations of developing countries to conduct PPP projects.

(3) Program Loan: This loan provides funds to the governments of partner countries to help pursue comprehensive or sectorial development plans with their policy tasks and projects.

(4) Sector Development Loan: This loan provides funds to the government of partner countries to help develop specific sectors with multiple related projects.

(5) Equipment Loan: This loan provides funds to procure equipment and other materials necessary for development projects of partner countries.

(6) Loan to International Development Finance Institutions: This loan provides funds to international

development

finance

institutions

that

contribute

to

the

economic

development and welfare of developing countries.

(7) Private Sector Loan: This loan provides funds to local corporations (private sector) in partner countries that conduct ODA-eligible projects.

(8) Private Sector Two-Step Loan: This loan provides funds to make sub-loans to local corporations (private sector) through the financial institutions of the partner countries for the implementation of ODA-eligible projects.

B. Equity Participation in the Fund by International DFIs:

Investment is made to

collective investment schemes with investors bearing the risk of loss provided that it is effective for economic development of developing countries and economic cooperation between Korea and developing countries.

C. Guarantee Program:

Protection guarantee by EDCF against perceived political risks is

provided for private lenders investing in infrastructure projects in developing countries along with the Counter Guarantee of the local government.

D. Equity Participation in the Company for PPP Projects: Investment

is made to SPC

in connection with loan to the private sector, provided that it has significant impact on development of developing countries and promotion of economic cooperaton between Korea and developing countries.

- 65 -

□ EDCF Terms and Conditions Partner Country -Up to the total -The

coverage

cost

for

project cost

ceiling

ratio

will

be

85%

of

the

total

project

Loan Amount untied

loans

provided

countries

other

than

Least

Developed Countries. 0.01-2.5

% per annum

-Interests

will

including

not

be

detailed

construction

charged

planning,

supervision

reduced

interest

provided

rate

consulting

purchase

project ordered by Korean SMEs -50%

for

is

by

services

support,

Korean

and

firms,

and

or SME consortium. applied

to

project

cost

by

Interest Rate Korean

SMEs

or

SME

consortium.

(Free

of

interest

for

countries in group 1) -50%

reduced

interest

rate

is

applied

for

project

cost

consortium 50% of which consists of Korean SMEs companies

(free

of

interest

for

should account for 20% of the

group

1

by

a

and large

countries).

SMEs

consortium.

R e p a y m e n t Up to 40 years Period Grace

Period

Up to 15 years

R e p a y m e n t Semi-annual Frequency I

n

t

e

r

e

s

t At

the end of every

6 months

Payment -When

borrower

is

the

central

government

or

the

central

bank: collateral exempted -When

borrower

is

the

municipal

government

or

Collateral corporations:

payment

the

bank,

central

guarantee

or

by

the

international

central

government,

development

finance

institutions

※

Based

on

the

terms

and

conditions

above,

different

interest

rates

and

repayment

periods are applied according to the income classification of world economies.

- 66 -

â–Ą EDCF Proj ect Cycle The

government

projects should application,

The

of

a recipient

apply for the

F/S report and

application

will

be

country which

loan

to

the

wishes to

have

EDCF

loans

for

Korean government preparing loan

Implementation Plan.

delivered

to

the

Minister

of

Foreign

Affairs

of

Korea

via

the

Korean embassy to the recipient country, who will inform the Minister of Strategy and Finance of the application.

(3) Operational System of EDCF EDCF

Fund

Management

Council

composed

of

12

members

including

7

ministers

reviews major issues.

Ministry

of

Strategy

and

Finance

(MOSF)

is

an

operating

body

of

fund

management

including loan approval, and Ministry of Foreign Affairs (MOFA) serves as a window to

economic

cooperation

overseas

signing

inter-governmental

agreements,

accepting

requests for loans, and notifying aid plans.

Korea Eximbank,

entrusted

conducts

of measures including comprehensive

a range

monitoring of EDCF

by the

projects,

Korean

government, manages EDCF and

establishment of loan

evaluation.

- 67 -

appraisal and

agreements and

their

Source:

Page

Coordination

11,

"EDCF"

published

by

Economic

Group

- 68 -

Development

Cooperation

Fund

< Contact Information >

○ ○

Ministry

of

Strategy

KSP:

www.ksp.go.kr

- D evelopment

Division, International Economic

82-44-215-7744

Eximbank EDCF: www.edcfkorea.go.kr

Korea Eximbank EDCF Coordination Group: 82-2-3779-6607

Korea

○

Cooperation

Affairs Bureau:

MOSF/Korea

-

Finance: www.mosf.go.kr

International Economic Affairs Bureau: 82-44-215-7721

MOSF

○ ○

and

Development Institute:

Center

www.kdi.re.kr

for International Development (cid.kdi.re.kr):

82-44-550-4224 KDI

School of

Public Policy

and

Management:

www.kdischool.ac.kr

○

-

Impact Evaluation

Eximbank of Korea:

-

○ ○ ○

Lab: 82-44-550-1264 www.koreaexim.go.kr

EDCF Coordination Group: 82-2-3779-5653

MOFA

(6114)

Development Cooperation: www.devco.go.kr

Development Cooperation

Bureau:

82-2-2100-8344

KOICA: www.koica.go.kr Strategy &

Planning Dept.:

82-31-740-0224

Economic Innovation Portal: www.economy.go.kr

○

-

MOSF :

-

KDI

82-44-215-2114

Economic Information &

Ministry

of

Trade,

Industry and

Education Center: Energy

FTA

82-44-550-4114

homepage:

www.fta.go.kr

-

FTA

Policy

Planning

Division,

82-44-203-5740

- 69 -

Office

of

FTA

Negotiations:

4. Experience Sharing in Education 1. International Evaluation on Korean Education Education Despite

was the

Han

the

despair

and

River in the

for and

state

growth was

different

investment in

the

eras.

Behind

The

the

success

Behind

and

the

an advanced

Korean War

Korea’s

education.

educational fervor

to

create

educational system of Korea

international community and

as

it made

also it

individual country or region,

but

the

serves as a

the

rapid

demands from

garners huge

role

entire

on

Korean educational

attention from

significant contribution to

for the

Miracle

people’s passion

such unprecedented

“excellent

country.

(1950-53), Korea

was the

excellent manpower according to

national development,

□

Korea to become

rapidly grew economically

1970s.

system” that educated

the

drove

several national crises including

overcame the

energy that

Korea’s

model not only for

world.

UNESCO evaluated the Korean Educational System as “One of the world’s greatest success stories”

UNESCO,

a

educational annual

system

report

Learning praised

leading

:

groups

Quality

the

least

a

qualified and

points systems”

strong have

particular,

it

and

better

equity had

it

to

positive

world’s

Monitoring for

and

Korea’s

All”

for

education,

greatest Report

released

experienced

views

success

in

February

Korea’s

stories.

2013-2014,

teachers,

educational

and

analyzes

that

more

equitable

learning

access the

degree

finds

the

institute

In

its

Teaching

2014,

Korea

competitive

and was

teachers’

education equity.

highlights

bachelor’s

Moreover,

of

Achieving

report

Korea’s

one

Global

for

successful

as

“EFA

salary structure, The

international

that

to fact

and

more that 45%

nurturing

system

“one

have

and

75% more

qualified

reason

outcomes

qualified over

as

of

“one for

is

the

that

experienced

teachers

than

teachers

20

in

the

most

Republic

of

disadvantaged teachers.”

villages

years

and

of

of

raising

have

In at

experience. education

impact on national economic development.

(UNESCO EFA Global Monitoring Report 2013-2014)

- 70 -

□ Korea tops the Pearson's Global Education Index rank Pearson

Group,

company, Curve

announced

2014

Report

analyzing the

Pearson global

data

(PISA),

Trends

In

the

Kong. to

largest

in

of

May

2014

Cognitive

provides

sets

index

such

in

as

International

ranking,

Japan

Pearson

Group

analysed

culture

of

of

40

for

such

countries

in

education

the

“Learning

Attainment

around

countries

and

and

the

world.

calculated Student

Science

Study

Index”

by

using

Assessment (TIMSS)

and

Study (PIRLS).

nd

followed

performance

systems

that

overlooked

1.30

International

Literacy

2

scored

Educational

Mathematics

education

which cannot be

and

individual

ranked

publishing

Korea

Skills

of

in International Reading

“smartness”,

that

Program

index

the

multinational

educational performance

Group

Progress

UK's

by

of

the

prize

by other

Singapore Asian

effort

and

nations

above

Hong is

due

inherited

nations.

□ OECD Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) Since

2006,

Korea

OECD

showed

study,

was

by

1-2

in

of

announcing academic

reading,

top

performance

Economy.

higher

socioeconomic

been

level

educational

Comparison ratio

high

ranking

Korea’s

has

OECD

than

is

the

of

achievement in

PISA

in

all

mathematics,

borne

analyzed

other

result

out that

OECD

by

subjects and

the

Korean

economies

every

three in

2-4

PISA

years.

the

in

2012

science.

Performance

students’

upper

rank

despite

unfavorable

conditions.

□ IEA TIMSS Evaluation Korean

students

Trends

in

conducted

ranked

first

in

mathematics

International

Mathematics

every

years

four

by

and

the

and

Science

third Study

International

in

science

in

(TIMSS)

Association

the

ranking for

the

take

the

need

for

Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA).

□ Acknowledgement from Prominent International Figures U.S.

President

Korean

Barack

educational

educational

reform.

Obama

system He

has

as

proposed,

a

model

mentioned

that

- 71 -

in

when

“our

several

remarks,

highlighting

children

spend

to

the over

a

month

less

in

that

school

in

than

South

children

Korea,

America.”

President

education

had

we

South

can

Obama

made

utilizing capabilities

in

by

and

do

Korea it

every

right

acknowledged

saying

that

year,”

here

in

the

Korea

the

“if

they

United

achievements

has

potentials of its people

and

been

when

can

do

States

of

the

able

to

Korean advance

opportunities occurred.

2. Key Features of Korean Education Two main force

of

characteristics of Korean education

national development, and

in making Korea

Above

all,

Education factors

closely

through

form

cultural

a

has been

development.

Korean

a

It

and

education

which

as

the

driving

force

has

plays

generations

also

it

of

the

and

supplies

teaches

national

social,

new

and

role

conveying

helps

labor

development.

political,

as

of

integrate a

cultural

a

driving

knowledge,

a

society

force

attitude,

for and

country’s development.

High level of

society

Education

Furthermore,

playing its role

education had

greater

economic benefit

learning,

fever

force

economic,

new

successfully

market participation

Meanwhile,

to

driving all

country.

development.

Education

the

with

identity

technologies to drive

effective

was

tied

socialization.

economic

education

driving

education stronghold.

education is

that

country’s

an

the

are: Education as a

to

the

foundation for

labor

employment opportunities bringing about

is

a

traditionally as

become

national

individuals, thereby enabling social mobility.

fever

worked

in Korea’s

the

longstanding long

socio-cultural

respected

driving

force

in

the

need

making

tradition. and

Korea

The

desire

an

for

education

stronghold.

Korea’s

education

Education ranked the

top

youth

Korea basis

at

a

among

in the

achieved of

still survey

OECD

age

remains that

high.

was

economies

in

political,

capacity

development.

gained

Such

higher with

social, from

virtuous

According

released

bracket of 25 to 34

economic,

national

educational

fever

Glance

in

education

the

2015

OECD

2015,

completion

Korea rate

of

68%.

and

cultural

education

cycle

to

November

brought

development

which about

in

turn

Korea’s

on led

the to

national

development.

(※ 그림 : 교육이 경제, 사회, 문화발전에 기여하고, 국가발전과 선순환 하면서 시너지효과를 낸다는 내용 시각화. 예 : 교육을 중앙에 배치하 고, 경제, 사회, 문화 발전을 방사형으로 배치하고 서로 연결하여 시너 지 효과 표현)

- 72 -

â–Ą Education and Economic Development In line 1960s,

with the Korea

Five-Year

has been advancing the

expert manpower,

Education diligence

Economic Development

who

met

the

education system to

industrial demand

not only teaches people and

public

sincerity necessary

the

with trained

necessary skills but also

for industrialization,

socialization, schools cultivated

in

regulations that is required

work in

for

Plans that started

students

the

and

attitude

from

the

educate skills.

cultivates

through

to abide

by rules and

any organization.

< Education & Economic Development >

Source:

Page

published

12,

"Education,

the

driving

by Ministry of Education

- 73 -

force

for

the

development

of

Korea"

□ Education and Social Development By

providing

quality

socioeconomic providing

education

background

fair

achievements,

or

educational

the

“belief

to

everyone

sex,

Korea

opportunities

that

one

can

regardless

promoted and

succeed

of

his

social

compensating if

one

or

her

mobility.

By

academic

studies

hard”

was

realized.

The

belief

made

and

that individuals could

upgrade

skills acquired

realize

social integration

helped

despite

their social status

a

based

meritorious society and

on efforts led

to

dynamic social changes.

□ Education and Cultural Development Korea’s

education

generations’ provided

social

making

the

Korean

Wave

for

while

mitigate

brought unique led

played

traditional

up

culture

to

such

following

its

that

is

promoting international cooperation and

on

known

globally.

bilateral

line

cultural

a

The

cultural

also

with

identity

and

played

but

contributed

in

cultures

system

preceding

generations,

Education

different

various

down

development

education

toward

and

handing

culture.

educational

culture

K-pop

of

the

new

Moreover,

in

role

promoting

prejudices

Korean by

the

creating

also

demands.

helped

Manpower

only

foundation

culture,

changing diversity

intrinsic

the

preserving

not

to the

and

ethnicities.

key

role

spread

of

exchanges

in the are

coexistence.

□ Virtuous Cycle of Educational Development and National Development

The

economic development of Korea

which supported development.

was improved

With To

meet

was

the

was

the

educational

adopted.

As of

opportunities for

of

the

the

demand

and

private

came

to

demand higher

higher education

growing

for

policy

projects

primary

number of students per

development

diversified,

establishment

expanding educational finance

implementation of diverse

educational environment

and

economic

system

the

The

enabled

for

demand

expanded.

- 74 -

for

students,

more

higher

education

secondary

schools

class dropped.

individual

provide

for educational

and

better the

autonomy

education

institutions

was

to

education.

high each

school school

increased,

the

vitalized

and

3. Education System of Korea: From a Statistical Perspective According aged

to

from

the

25

OECD

to

34

Education

years

have

at

a

upper

Glance

2015,

secondary

98%

of

education,

younger

and

adults

68%

have

a

tertiary education, topping the rank of respective education attainment rates.

Education

has long

Education

has

of

been considered

been

respecting

considered

learning

an

important

important

and

the

right in the

because

particular

of

the

national

Korean society.

confucian desire

tradition

for

greater

achievements.

As the

class system began

worked

as

a way

to

solve

to the

of educational opportunities to

largely

demand

overcome

the

shake

in

the

18

class difference.

during the

education

late

after the

th

century, education

Thus,

Japanese

despite

the

suppression

colonization, people

National Liberation in

sorrow of not having education during the

began

1945 to

Japanese

occupation

of Korea.

During was

the

industrialization

respected,

became

the

Korean

society.

One

of

the

education

way

most

in

children’s

education

fairest

children’s

for

after

became climbing

important

Korea

was

education.

investment

of

era

the

education

Under

of

continued

even

during

sold

fields

cows

to

of coining the

phrase

way

of “Cow

interest that not

whatever the

to

and

to

in

when

the

and

War

in

children’s

in

the

development

of

for

children

from

their is

supporting

they the

Education

ladder

passion

“educating

refrain

qualification

succeed.

economic

difficulties

Korean their

was

socially

contributing

did

support

which

social

tenet

they

regardless

1960s

the

parents’ the

future,”

and

a up

factors

the

Education their

the

were

1950s

education

faced and

to

an their

with.

parents

the

extent

Tower.”

□ Korean Education System Korean

education system is similar to

kindergarten,

school (3 years), graduate

that

elementary school (6 years), special school, college

school (2

(2

years).

- 75 -

of

other countries’

middle

school (3

years), university

consisting

of

years), high (4

years), and

< Korean Education System >

Source:

Page

published

23,

"Education,

the

driving

force

by Ministry of Education

- 76 -

for

the

development

of

Korea"

â–Ą Number of Students and Teachers (as of 2014) The

number

middle

of

school

3,186,

university 201,

The

number

2,728,509, college

The

of

school

graduate

school

kindergarten 2,326,

of

for

kindergarten

1,717,911,

teachers school

is

8,826,

special

elementary school

school

166,

5,934,

college

139,

school 1,209.

high

university 2,206,694,

middle 12,920,

for

high

students

middle

number

college

and

740,801,

182,672,

schools

for

school

and

high and

number of schools

at

school

graduate

652,546,

1,839,372,

graduate

kindergarten

113,349,

university 65,547,

stands

is

elementary

special

school

school 25,317,

school 330,872.

48,530,

134,488,

elementary

special

school

school 8,297,

school 7,677.

number of teachers

number of students

Kindergarten

Middle

school

High school Special

school

College University Graduate school

â–Ą Number of Students Per Class and Per Teacher

Elementary

The

school

number

of

22.8, middle

The

number

school 14.9,

students

per

school 30.5, and

of

students

middle

class

per

school 15.2,

Number

of

for

kindergarten

teacher and

students

for

high

per

class Kindergarten Elementary M

i

d

is

19.7,

elementary

school

high school 30.9.

school d l e

school High school

- 77 -

kindergarten

is

13.4,

elementary

school 13.7.

Number of students per teacher

â–Ą Enrolment Rate and Entry Rate The

enrolment

middle

school

institutions is

The

entry

school

97.7%,

to

middle

in

particularly is

the

OECD

actively

Employment

25-29

is

47.3%,

school

school

school

is

from

stands

at

Education

at

as

affected

preemptively

OEDC

high

middle

unemployment

Korea

kindergarten

elementary

93.7%,

and

school

higher

is

96.4%,

educational

elementary 99.7%,

school

and

to

is

99.9%,

university

to

high

from

high

70.9%.

shown

and

is

for

68.2%.

rate

from

school is

As

rate

the

average

the

by

proportion

year-olds

reaches

To

of

of

of

tackle

vocational

issues

Training)

Glance,

consequence

youth.

pursuing

address or

a

a

15-29

global

the

youth

programs.

young

providing

trends

people

necessary

year-olds

in

of

underemployment

economic

unemployment Korea

NEET

is

(Not

education the

slowdown

NEET

striving in

to

Education,

taking is

issue,

into

16%,

and

the of

20%.

[Unit: %] Enrolment Rate

Entry Rate

Kindergarten Elementary

Elementary school

to

Middle school Middle

Middle school

school

to

High school High

High school

school

to

University

Higher educational institutions

â–Ą Proportion of Female Students The is

proportion

48.1%,

of

middle

institutions

female

school

is

students 47.7%,

in

high

kindergarten school

is

is

48.8%,

47.8%,

and

elementary higher

school

educational

is 42.6%.

[Unit: %] Kindergarten Elementary school Middle school High school H

i

g

h

e

r

educational institutions

- 78 -

□

Number of Foreign Students Enrolled in Korean Academic Degree Course The

total number of foreign students enrolled

course and

is 53,636,

out of which

undergraduate

or 10.6%

are

32,101

or

59.8%

course, 15,826 or 29.5%

are

in Korean are

in

academic degree

junior

in graduate

college school,

course and

5,709

in doctoral course.

Junior

Grand Total

[Unit: persons, %]

College and

undergraduate Course

Graduate School

Doctoral Course

# of persons Proportion # of persons Proportion # of persons Proportion # of persons Proportion

□ Educational Finance Out

of

trillion

the or

government

total

government

13.7%

is

expense

budget

allocated in

terms

to of

of

KRW

386

education

gross

trillion

expense.

expenditure

in It

2016, is

combining

KRW

the

53

largest

budget

and

fund.

□ Public Expenditure on Education as a Percentage of GDP The OECD Education at a Glance 2015 shows that Korea’s public expenditure on education

as

a

percentage

of

GDP

as

of

2012

is

6.7%,

out

of

which

4.7%

shouldered by the government.

Korea spent an average of 6.7% of its GDP on educational institutions from primary to tertiary education which is higher than that of OECD countries’ which is 5.3%. Primary, secondary and post-secondary non-tertiary education accounts for 3.7% of GDP and tertiary education 2.3% of GDP which are similar or slightly higher than OECD average of 3.7% and 1.5% respectively.

- 79 -

is

4. Strategies to Promote Education Policy of Korea Despite many

various

academic

challenges.

promote

The

effective

achievements,

Korean

Korean

government

educational policies

to

is

education

exerting

address such

is

its

still

faced

utmost

with

efforts

to

challenges.

□ Government-led Educational System The the

educational

system

government's

manages

Korea’s

of

Korea

leadership. educational

has

Currently,

system

and

higher education policies.

The

Korean government worked

hard

education

cost vis-a-vis GNP. Through the

「Financial

the

consolidating finance

as

government

Grants for

been

developed

government

courses,

to expand

maintain the

of

of

the

such

uniformly

enactment

share

systematically

its

under

systematically

policies

for

teachers,

educational finance

budget and

「Education

the

share

tax」and

Local Education Act」,

and

of

the it is

stably

for education.

□ Low-cost approach to respond to the exploding demand for primary and middle school education

To

meet

the

people’s

demand

government unfolded

In

the

classes

1950s-70s, in

shifts

satisfy the

it

and

desire

for

expanded

education,

the

Korean

policies of educating as many students at low cost.

maximized

(2-3

increasing

shifts)

the

and

demand

student

night

ratio

schools.

per

The

class

and

low-cost

ran

several

approach

could

for education.

□ Empowering Public Education Korea

is

pursuing

government dreams

supporting

rather

managing the

is

than

educational

realization

semester

education

of

system

that

would

students

unilaterally courses

dreams

wherein

middle

who

teaching

that

such

help

would

as

students’

voluntarily

school

study

knowledge. help

enhanced

develop career

students

can

self-realization.

For

to

realize

this,

explore

their

Korea

individual

guidance

The

talent

and

their

the

talent

is for

free and

interests.

Moreover,

Korea

education

in

education

a

classes

is

managing

safe and

and

schools

happy

in

which

environment.

humanitarianism-focused

- 80 -

students

would

To

end,

this

learning course

get

better are

a

holistic physical

conducted.

□ Guarantee of Equal Educational Opportunities Korea

is

pursuing

opportunities Korea

is

system in the

To

to

working

actively

educational

all.

policies

Regardless

to

provide

supports

the

of

a

equal

to

guarantee

student’s

opportunities

financially

equal

educational

socioeconomic and

disadvantaged

background,

Korea’s

as

well

educational

as

those

living

countryside.

address

educational Korea

is

countries

educational

polarization,

environment

improving to

the

provide

so,

teachers’

be

enhanced.

that

could

student

excellent

teaching

quality

Korea

rank

teacher

well

top

ratio

education as

as

is

working

to

among

the

that

upper