WITHIN OUR GRASP
WITHIN OUR GRASP
Speaker _ 01: 3 2
“ Mark Roth's research awakened an unusual notion from the annals of science: reversible body metabolic hibernation. Yes, indeed putting living organisms into suspended animation and back safely.” _Ted.com
“ He’d had papers published in the most prestigious scientific and medical journals in the world, but Ripley’s Believe It or Not!, For his work making suspended animation possible in human beings? That was an honor. That was science.” _Peter Ward “ This MacArthur “genius” grant winner may spur the next big leap for lifesaving medical systems with techniques that buy time for critically ill trauma patients -- people in desperate need of organ transplants, for example whether in emergency rooms or on battlefields.” _Esquire Magazine
WITHIN OUR GRASP
SPEAKER Mark Roth
As a cell biologist in cancer research, Mark Roth studies genes, chromosomes and autoimmune disease. But he’s best known for his research into suspended animation. Already, Roth has managed a world first
putting a vertebrate a zebrafish embryo into an oxygen deprived state for several hours, then restoring that to completely normal development. He’s been able to reduce the core temperature of mice to 10 degrees Celsius, and then revive them, with no adverse effects.
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WITHIN OUR GRASP
What is_ 03 : 3 2
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WHAT IS Suspended Animation
Certain animals can be found in nature that have the ability to become just a little immortal. They use a process of suspended animation to do so. This is the process where animals deanimate themselves appear dead.
Their pulse slows down to a stop, their breathing decreases and metabolic rate drops. After being in this state for a period of time they later wake up without harm.
Breathing decreases and metabolic rate drops. After being in this state for a period of time they later wake up without harm.
What is_ 04 :3 2
WITHIN OUR GRASP
Immortal_ 07 : 3 2
IMMORTAL Species that deanimate
IMMO RTAL ITY
Certain animals can be found in nature that have the ability to become just a little immortal. They use a process of suspended animation to do so. This is the process where animals deanimate themselves appear dead.
Putting a vertebrate a zebrafish embryo into an oxygen deprived state for several hours, then restoring that to completely normal development. He’s been able to reduce the core temperature of mice to 10 degrees Celsius, and then revive them, with no adverse effects.
Can be found in nature that have the ability to become just a little immortal. They use a process of suspended animation to do so. This is the process where animals deanimate themselves appear dead.
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Immortal_ 08 :3 2
LIST OF SPECIES
01
Plant Seeds Have the ability to be frozen and kept in a state of deanimation many years. When ready to be used plant seeds can be thawed and planted.
02
Bacterial Spores remarkable species. Bacterial spores have existed far longer than humans and have been able to do so because they have the ability to maintain for as long as 250 million years.
03
Female Eggs The females eggs are a example of how human bodies are cable of the state of suspended animation. In the ovaries eggs can survive for50 years.
04
Sea Monkeys Can sustain themselves in a state of deanimation for an indefinite period of time. Waiting for water to reanimate.
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Immortal_ 09 : 3 2
Female Eggs While in the ovaries eggs can survive for up to 50 years or until ready to cycle.
Deanimation 50 years Life Span
Bacterial Spores Have the ability to maintain a state of deanimation for up 250 million years.
Deanimation 250 million Life Span
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Plant Seeds Have the ability to be frozen and kept in a state of deanimation many years. Depending on breed.
Deanimation Varies Life Span
Sea Monkeys Can sustain themselves in a state of deanimation for an indefinite period of time. Waiting for water to reanimate.
Deanimation Infinite Life Span
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WITHIN OUR GRASP
Hu man Re v i v al _ 13: 32
HUMAN REVIVAL
HUMAN REVIVAL WARMING
The New England Journal of Medicine published a study which showed that with appropriate rewarming fifty percent of people who have suffered without a heart beat for up to three hours can be brought back to life without any neurological problems
As a cell biologist in cancer research, Mark Roth studies genes, chromosomes and autoimmune disease. But he’s best known for his research into suspended animation. Already, Roth has managed a world first
WITHIN OUR GRASP
01
01째
Norway In the year 2000 a skier in Norway was trapped in an icy waterfall for two hours. He had no pulse and was found freezing. Seven hours later, still without a heartbeat he was brought back to life.
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02째
Duluth, MN In 2005 a woman in Duluth, MN was found frozen and without a pulse in her front yard. She was brought back shortly after with enough energy to be angry with hospital staff for not letting her leave.
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Canada A little girl from Canada was found frozen and without a pulse after following her Father out of the house when he went to work. She also was later revived with no harm.
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Re An i mat i o n _ 15: 32
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ReAnima tion_ 1 6 :3 2
H2S COLD O2
RE-ANIMATION RECIPE FOR SUCCESS
Hydrogen Sulfide can be found in nature that have the ability to become just a little immortal. They use a process of suspended animation to do so. This is the process where animals deanimate themselves appear dead.
Extreme Cold slows down to a stop, their breathing decreases and metabolic rate drops. After being in this state for a period of time they later wake up without harm.
Oxygen slows down to a stop, their breathing decreases and metabolic rate drops. After being in this state for a period of time they later wake up without harm.
WITHIN OUR GRASP
Re An i mat i o n _ 17: 32
Oxygen
Is the nectar of life without it we will cease to exist. Normal levels of oxygen must be adhered to at all times. If not, then the inevitable result is death. Mark Roth begun his experiments on the effects of oxygen depravation by first testing on nematodes. When oxygen levels were dropped below 20% the worms died, However, when dropped to 10 parts per million a strange thing happened. Suspended Animation.
Key Elements
01 If oxygen drops beneath 20% all living organisms are unable to sustain life and cosquentially die.
02 Suspended animations occurs When levels are reduced drastically to 10 parts per million.
03 The Oxygen concentration of 10 parts per million is conserved, and seen in a variety of different organisms
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ReAnima tion_ 18 :3 2
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Re An i mat i o n _ 19: 32
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Hydrogen Sulfide
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If inhaled in chemical accidents is known to make the recipient collapse to the ground. The subject will appear dead. However, if brought out to room air, the subject can be revived without harm. When injected into the body hydrogen sulfide will bind to the same cells that oxygen binds to. Doing so, blocks the adherence of oxygen and reduces our bodies need for it. This reduction is so low that the body slips into the state of suspended animation
Key Elements
01 Hydrogen Sulfide is extremely toxic to humans. When inhaled the gas will kill instantly.
02 Used as a chemical agent. in warfare during the battles of WWII.
03 Our bodies create hydrogen sulfide. The highest concentration is in our brain.
WITHIN OUR GRASP
Re An i mat i o n _ 21: 32
Extreme Cold
Key Elements
01 If oxygen drops beneath 20% all living organisms are unable to sustain life and afterwards die.
The Norwegian skier was a huge inspiration to Mark Roth and originally sparked his interest into the ability for the human body to use cold as a catalyst for suspended animation. Mark Roth experimented with replicating the same results as the skier in his lab using nematodes. What he found was the when body temperature was lowered to 10 degrees Celsius the nematodes were kept in a state of suspended animation.
02 Suspended animations occurs When levels are reduced drastically to 10 parts per million.
03 The Oxygen concentration of 10 parts per million is conserved, and seen in a variety of different organisms
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ReAnima tion_ 2 2 :3 2
10˚
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Lab Te s t i n g _ 23: 32
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L a b Testing_ 2 4 :3 2
START TEST ING
LAB TESTING MAMMALS
When testing started Mark Roth was trying to replicate the same conditions that the skier in Norway was exposed to. All the parts of the suspended animation equation were introduced.
In order for the experiment to work mice had to be injected with hydrogen sulfide before being introduced to the extreme cold environment of ten degrees Celsius. Doing so lowered oxygen levels low enough to stop the metabolic rate.
Once in suspended animation the lab mice were frozen. Four hours later the mice were brought back with no harm to there body or metabolism. The experiment was a success
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Ap p l i cat i o n s _ 25: 32
REAL WORLD APPLICATIONS
When testing started Mark Roth was trying to replicate the same conditions that the skier in Norway was exposed to. All the parts of the suspended animation equation were introduced.
In order for the experiment to work mice had to be injected with hydrogen sulfide before being introduced to the extreme cold environment of ten degrees Celsius. Doing so lowered oxygen levels low enough to stop the metabolic rate.
Once in suspended animation the lab mice were frozen. Four hours later the mice were brough back with no harm to there body or metabolism. The experiment was a success
WITHIN OUR GRASP
Applic a tions_ 2 6 :3 2
LIST OF POSSIBILITIES
01
BATTLEFIELD Sometimes when soldier are wounded in the arena of battle they don’t have the luxury of being near a hospital. Suspended animation can buy them the tie to be airlifted back to base.
02
TRAUMA PATIENTS Even when an operation is a success trauma patients can still suffer damage to there internal organs. When in suspended animation surgery can be performed while vital organs lay dormant without the stress of surgery.
03
EMERGENCY VEHICLES Many patients in critical condition who have suffered extreme trauma die in route to the hospital. With an injection of hydrogen sulfide these patients can be put under and reanimated at the hospital. Giving their body the time it needs to hold to life.
04
HEART FAILURE In one model of heart attacks, animals given hydrogen sulfide showed a 70% reduction in heart damage. Compared to standard care we receive in our hospitals.
01 Designer Konstantine Pangalos
02 Instructor Megumi Kiyama
03 Project Within Our Grasp TED Confrence Identity for Suspended Animation