.
ก ก ?? 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
ก ก ? ก ก
? ! ? STAKEHOLDERS ก ? .ก / & .ก / 12342 ก 5 ? 17 1 5 ? ก 9!:!; < 4 = >:
? ก. 1@
? B C 2C2D< B < 4 = >: ก
?
.
2
COMPETIVTIVE ANALYSIS INTERNAL ANALYSIS
WHERE DO WE WANT TO BE? VISION MISSION OBJECTIVE
HOW WILL WE GET THERE ? CORPORATE STRATEGY BUSINESS STRATEGY FUNCTIONAL STRATEGY
BSC, KPI, BENCHMARKING
ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS
EVALUATION & CONTROL
WHERE WHERE ARE ARE WE WE NOW? NOW?
IMPLEMENTATION 7Sâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; S MODEL .
3
ก ก ก ก < !E ก = !E F7G 57 ก 57B5 4!. 47 E. .
4
; : ก 3 ,( * 46 3 ,3 ) 6 ก * ()ก * ก 8 * ! 4 ก
* 9 ,: 1. & !'" ()ก * +
*5 : 1ก
3 ,( ,( ก) ! 01
3*4" "5 1 ,( 0! ก* 6 ก* ,( 2*'" *ก / ก
ก 2*'" *
ก * * ()
ก ' * * ()ก , ) -. * ก ' KPI Benchmarking / ก
7 2. ก ?
3. 4. ! "# ? ?
ก
5. ก ?
Where Where do do we we go go from from here? here? ? ภ?
?
.
6
Where are we now ? S Strengths
.
W Weakness
O Opportunities
T Threats
7
ภ! ภ2 . O = Opportunities
= ภT = Threats
= ภ!" ภ# $ % & ภ$ #ภ$ ภ' ( !( " ) * .
8
" #$ก
ก ก
ก ก
!
" # ก
$
% &' ก ( $ )# $ $ *
.
9
; <
2548
2549
2550
2551
2552
2553
ภ# $Y# $ % 3.3 4.7 5.1 4.7 4.9 5.2 !"ภ# " bath per US$ 40.7 41.7 40.7 40.2 40.1 39.2 ภ# *
5.7 6 6.2 5.9 5.8 n.a. # $ #UV % 4.4 3.7 2.8 2.3 2.2 2.1 S ( USD 2,423.9 2,530.7 2,643.1 2,761.5 2,886.1 3,017.5 ! USD per hour 1.29 1.3 1.38 1.44 1.49 n.a ) .% / " 318,672.0 357,468.3 n.a n.a n.a n.a ภ" (1) ) .% / " 881,251.7 959,344.5 n.a n.a n.a n.a I J(1) ) : Economist Intelligence Unit's (1) ภ) . ภภ/) .
10
ก ! ก " ก #$ !% # ' ก ก ( ( ก )*ก+ ,-ก $ ./ !%
.
11
ก % ก&' .
' Z ) " #[$ ) !" ' Z \ J ก]S) ! # ' [% / " ก ก S ) / ก" ก # ก]S) "$% $ &$^ 12
( ( )
( )ก (S ก \ ก %
( )ก (S )[$(# _
ก ($ !" [ ` a"$ ' .b_ $
ก # " c"c
( I ( $ % $
.
13
ภ)* ! )* )+ ภ, 'ภ- Deregulation Global competition Emergence of Trading blocs Technological discontinuities
Structural changes
Pressure for radical rethinking Changing customer expectations
Excess capacity Mergers and acquisitions Environmental concerns Less protectionism
.
15
.
16
.
17
.
18
ภภPorterâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Forces Model Diamond Model
) ภภ) ) #Sd ภภ(# : IY .# ) I ( ` .
19
Government
Firm Strategy, Structure, and Rivalry
Factor Conditions
Demand Conditions
Related and Supporting Industries
Chance
: Michael E. Porter
.
20
PORTER ’S 55 FORCES PORTER’S FORCES STAKEHOLDER e e #(%# + $ ' , -- .
/$ '$ )0%$
/$ '$ 1 (
+ $ ' /ก
.
21
ก
ก ก ก #% )
Sก ) * S \ ก
ก ก ก ก & ก$ * S \ ก ) .
' [ก !% % % a & ก$ $ ! S \ )
22
ก
ก ก ( )
% " ก
% f [[" # _
a"ก กก" ) J #I / " I )I
.
23
ก !
% % " ก # $ % Sก ) I ( I ($ % Sก ) (Life cycle) ( & ก$ Sก ) % #% ! ก !% % Sก ) ( ) ก ก #% !" ก% Sก ) ก ก ก #% !" ก% Sก )
.
24
ก ! .
% % Sก ) S ( )ก (S # " Sก ) ก " ก a"$ () Sก )!" ก I ก % Sก ) ก ._!" ก # Sก ) I $ !" % " ก Sก ) " กZ. % $ !" $ก Sก ) 25
! ) Sภ)# (ภ# ) % / ( % " (Market Share) ) / ภ# $ !" ภภ( ภ) ภ" &_ ภ" #S \ ภ( ภ) ภ% ( )! ( $ (Vertical integration)!" ) ภ% ( )! ( (Horizontal integration)
.
26
! ( )
.
) ก( ก % _ก !" ( ` & ) \ a $S !" a \ S SY
) " ก ) .' [ ) # " ก( ก % % % # \ ก
27
! ( )
.
($ p _ ก $S % _ก
ก ($ !" ก [ `
' [" กZ._% _ก
p ก ' [% !% %
28
"# $ %& " $!& ภ.
I\ # % $Z ( ภ) $ ( ) ) I ภS
.' [% $ภ# " [ ภภ# $ Core Competency 29
' %& กก
.
% # # # !% % #% [r $ก )!" ก" &_% !% ) ก" &_ !% % I ) ( ก" &_% & ก$ % # S #S \ !% a" กก p กZ !" ($# S_#[\ ( ) # ก !% % 30
.
31
.
32
.
33
ภ" ' ภ&( ภ47 E.ภB= 7 @ ภ7: 3 ; de
: B B
S
: BB/
W Weaknesses
Strengths
ภp ภZ % ภ[ % (# S ภ# : IY % .# ) I ( ` .
34
MC. KENSEY 77-S -S STRUCTURE
STRATEGY
SYSTEM
SHARED VALUE SKILL
STYLE
STAFF (SPECIALIST)
Value Value Chain Chain (Michael (Michael E. E. Porter) Porter) Firm Infrastructure -4
(
Human Resource Management - ภ% ( .
Supporting Activities
Technology Development ภ- 5
n rgi
Primary Activities ภภ%0 ŕ¸
Service G 7ŕ¸
Ma rgi
Marketin g Sales ภ5. B &
nŕ¸
+ "
ภ+ "
Procurement ภ,4 Inbound Operations Outbound Logistic ภLogistic B= 7
Ma
ภภ%
ก " ก ☺ " ☺ ก a"$ /ก # $ ☺ ก $S [ ก " ☺ ก # $ ☺ # p .
37
!& 130,000 70,000
120,000
150,000 !ก# !$! 340,000 %ก & 500,000 840,000
$'!$ ( ) 260,000 100,000 * ! $ ( +) , ก + 360,000 150,000 & - .% '/() ' 200,000
& & ,'! &ก! $'! ,'! & ก%' & & & & ! ก%' !
- 0) .%'/() ' ' ! 1 ก2!3 & - 0) ,'!0)
.
25X1
25X2
70,000 120,000 150,000 340,000 500,000 840,000
60,000 180,000 180,000 420,000 550,000 970,000
260,000 100,000 360,000
269,800 110,000 379,800
150,000
200,000
200,000 130,000 840,000
200,000 190,000 970,000 38
!ก( % & ) 0! # 9' $'!0! ก4 5 ,% $-!78',-! 7 ก! 0! 6 ! ก4 5 ก ' ก ก ,) )ก 6 & ก4 5 ' ' ก ก ,) 4!5 ก4 5 .
25X1 1,500,000 1,200,000 300,000 200,000 100,000 20,000 80,000 24,000 56,000
25X2 1,750,000 1,435,000 315,000 205,000 110,000 24,000 86,000 25,800 60,200 39
ภ' 8 (Liquidity Ratio) ' ) = (Current Ratio) & & ' ) = - $'!$ () & & 67 !ภ(Quick Ratio)
25X1 340,000 360,000 = 0.94 -!
25X2 420,000 379,800 = 1.11 -!
190,000 360,000
240,000 379,800
= 0.53 -!
= 0.63 -!
ภภ(Activity Ratio) ภ' ) (Inventory Turnover)
=
) 0!
$'!$ ()* < +
25X2 1,750,000 (150,000+180,000)/2 = 10.62 )6
ภ6% ( )
=
ภ9,' ) ( ) (Average Collection Period)
=
$'! 9' $'!0! / 365
%ภ&* < + ) 0! ( 8()+ ) 9-)
180,000 3,931.50 = 45.8 180,000 47,945 = 37.5
' ) 8 (Asset Turnover)
= ) 0!
1,750,000 970,000 = 1.80 )6
6 ภ4 ภ4 5 (Profitability Ratio) 25X1 ภ4 5 (Return On Sales : ROS)
= ภ2!3 # x 100 ) 0!
ภ4 5 8 (Return On Assets : ROA)
= ภ2!3 x 100
56,000 x 100 1,500,00 = 3.73% 56,000 x 100 840,000 = 6.67%
ภ4 5 + 6% ' (Return On Equity : ROE)
= ภ2!3 x 100
- 0) .%'/() '
56,000 x 100 330,000 = 16.67%
ภ4 5 ,% (Gross Profit Margin)
= (0! -9' 0! ) x 100 0!
300,000 x 100 1,500,000 = 20%
25X2 60,200 x 100 1,750,000 = 3.44% 60,200 x 100 970,000 = 6.21% 60,200 x 100 390,200 = 15.43% 315,000 x 100 1,750,000 = 18%
( (Leverage 1 Capital Structure Ratios) 25X1
25X2
Debt to Total Assets
= &
510,000 840,000 = 0.61
579,800 970,000 = 0.598
Debt to Equity Ratio
=
510,000 330,000 = 1.55
579,800 390,200 = 1.49
100,000 20,000 = 5.00 -!
110,000 24,000 = 4.58 -!
&
- 0) /() '
ภ4 5 < ภ)* ภ,) = ภ2!3 ภ-) ภ4!5 )ภ6 & (Times Interest Earned) )ภ6 &
.
44
Resources-Based Tangible Resources Financial Physical Human Resources Organizational
8 ภ)* ) = 8%* ภ! )* * % â&#x20AC;˘ , ภâ&#x20AC;˘ ! ' ภâ&#x20AC;˘ ภ)* ) !,,
Intangible Resources Technological Innovation Brand Names Corporate Culture .
45
.
46
.
47
.
48
ภภSegmentation
ภ( " ภ% # \ \ " ภ) p ภ' [ ! ภ" )" ภ#[\ # s ! ( ภ( !a ภ" &_& ภ$
.
49
ภภi:: 123 < 7: j
5 4. ภkj .ภ/ #I ' )$p
_ I $ !" % _ŕ¸
.' [I ($ #[p I [
5 4 Product-related #I User type, Usage, Benefits, Price sensitivity
5 4 Customer motivation #I . a $ ' S( ) ภ#S a" ภf\* ( )# " ! " !
.
50
Positioning C B
$ŕ¸
A
$ภ#
.
51
1. ก ก @ , ก ก
!,,> 5 ก ' ก
8? ก
2. ก ก )* 5 5 67 ! )ก 67
ก -' 8? ก
.
@ )* ) 8 - ก A%
@ )* ) 8 ก A%
52
Stakeholders
"# Stakeholders
$%ภ& #
Customer Supplier Competitors Employers & Manager Stock Holders Financial Institutions Government Neighbour Chamber of Commerce and FTI .
53
Where do do we we want want to to be be ? ? Where
.
54
<7 1 (VISION)
ภ7: (Mission) ! 0% .
! 0%
! 0%
! 0% 55
$ )
< 4 B;< 5 @ ก7:1235/ ก : $ ) & ก $p
I # ก S ก _ก # $ ก $p ก I (
ก ก # $ % S ( & [ ก ) Z _
.
56
THAI INDUSTRY VISION 2020 T H A I L A N D .
TECHNOLOGY DRIVEN HIGH PRODUCTIVITY AFTA LEADER INTERNATIONAL STANDARD & BRAND LEVERAGED HUMAN RESOURCES ADDED VALUE NOVEL PRODUCTS & PROCESS DOMINATING LOCAL RESOURCES 57
ision to be the best quality company focused on service people and <7security 1 : for life < 4 ภ1234 2 j B 4 4 3 4 G G 7ภ123 .7 B G . ภ4
C2 !. ;. ภภ1234 3 = ; G.ภ/ !. 4 5. B .
58
u d G ก eกk 1 ก G 7; @ ก7:C D =
123 4 G B G C 57v
.
59
ภ(Mission) ภภS ' ภ$ S $p (Direction) !" % #% % ภ& ภ$ ภภS ' ภ$ ภ( S \ ! ) a" % #% % ภ& ภ$ # $
) ภ#[
.
60
Mission 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
" ภ!& $
" ภ$ " # " ( )) ) % & ภ$ ( )# $ ภIY ( )#I\ . ( ) S( ( )#I (I YS \ % # ' [" ภZ._ ( )S ( [ ŕ¸
.
61
Mission
AT&T
â&#x20AC;&#x153;We are dedicated to being the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s best at bringing people together-giving them easy access to each other and to the information and services they want and need-anytime, anywhereâ&#x20AC;?
.
62
Mission : 1. To build quality into the culture of our organization. 2. To increase business growth each year to strengthen our number one position. 3. To be recognized as the best financial service provider in Thailand.
j7@ : 1. j < w @ 4 ภ2. 734 5 ภ57G 5 @ ภ7:1 ภx 3 74 < 4! > !ภภG 7k 1 ภC2<75 B G; e 3 3. 123 : ภk y E/ ;/G 7ภ1 ภ7 C D = 1 1 .
63
ภ* ( + (Key Success Factors:KSF)
\ a "" [&_ #ภ$ % * S _ภ) ( ) # d ภ!% % ภY! !S ( ) # d #S" * % * ภ" ภZ. % Sภ) ภ" &_% $Z ภ!% % !( " ) # s .
64
$ ก * ( + ก 8 ก 4 ก $
.
ก( 0$ 6 % + 7 $ # ! ! %( "0 1 (% 2 1% ( $ 3ก 0
65
ภภ( & ", $ (Corporate (Corporate Goal) Goal)
ภภภภ- ภ5 - " ภภ- ภ- ./ 0 ภ- # " - ( 7 - $ 8 "! # $ ภ1= 5/ 42 z ;4 : C9 B . 12 4 C < w .
66
ก-. ", $ &
"5"0 $% $ 2 5 5"0 $ $ 2 1% ( $ ( " ( #
.
# s #%
a ก[ ( )) ( () #I\ ) 67
$ ", $
( ! " 20 % ' x 254X a" ! กก "
15% ' x 254X 75 % % [ ก % % )# V x 254X ISO14001 x 254X
.
68
!!/ 4 ก ................................................ <7 1 _______________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ก7: ________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ก 9!:!; < 4 = >:__________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ z ;4 _______________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________ .
69
( $ % 2 %"32 & 4 How will we get there ?
.
70
ภภ$ 3 & ! ภ" &_ _ภ(Corporate Strategy) ภ" &_ & ภ$ (Business Strategy) ภ" &_ )S & ภ$ (Functional Strategy)
.
71
6 ก $
ก $ SBU ก. 1@
ก
ก. 1@ ก SBU ก. 1@ 1 ก 5. B .
SBU ก. 1@ 1 ก 7
SBU
ก. 1@ ก. 1@ ก B= 7 B/ 1 ก 4 k
ก. 1@ @ ก7: ก. 1@ 5 4; / 123 @ ก7: 72
ภ67 ภ$ ŕ¸
The Growth - Share Matrix (BCG) GE Model ADL Portfolio - Planning Matrix
.
73
BCG MODEL MODEL BCG Relative Competitive Positions (Market Share)
Business Growth Rate
High
Stars Cash cows
.
Low
Questionmarks
High
Dogs Low
74
General Electric Model (GE) 6 % % 8) ภ'$ ' ' 9( ภ/
ŕ¸
ภ.
5 ;ภ4 53=
.
ŕ¸
+ . 1 / 57G 5 . ภภ>G ภ23 <
75
ADL Portfolio-Planning Matrix
8 ภŕ¸
iŕ¸
Strong
G w
Aging
ภk d
. ŕ¸
Favorable Weak
Mature
. 1
Dominant
Tenable
57G 5
ภ/ <5 ; d 5 <
.
; 5. B 12342C 1
ภ>G ภ23 < Turnaround ; d 5 <
76
.
77
ภ$ ภ(Corporate Strategy) Strategy) (Corporate
# $ (Growth) Turnaround ภ# " S & ภ$ ) $ &$' [) ภ% * ( (Stability) #"$ภภ$ ŕ¸
.
78
ภ$ ภ!9
Intensive growth â&#x20AC;&#x201C; ภ# " (Market Penetration) â&#x20AC;&#x201C; ภ[ ` a"$ ' .b_ (Product Development) â&#x20AC;&#x201C; ภ[ ` " (Market Development) Integrative Growth â&#x20AC;&#x201C; % ! ( (Horizontal Growth) â&#x20AC;&#x201C; % ! ( $ (Vertical Growth) Diversification â&#x20AC;&#x201C; % & ภ$ #I\ ) ภ& ภ$ # $) (Concentric Related Diversification) â&#x20AC;&#x201C; % & ภ$ ) #ภ(% ภ& ภ$ # $) (Conglomerate Unrelated Diversification) .
79
ภ$ ภ$ $ ภ$
ภ#
: 5. B
(Market Penetration)
)0%$
w 5. B
(Market Development)
w E.75 jÂ&#x20AC; 9 $# (Product Development)
7 / ;4 / 5. B ;4 (Diversification)
Vertical Integration .
80
ภ: & (Vertical Integration)
Supplier Supplier
Backward Integration .
@ @ ภ7ภ7::
..ภ/ ภ/
Forward Integration
81
ก !9
f\* S \ ( ก$ ก [ &)$ & ก$ #I ()"
# s ก [ ` ก'
.
82
ก 6 & ( # d( I % S #% " " ( )#
.
$
ก ( ) ก ก $S ! a" ! . S ก [ &)$ p 83
ภ$ & ! ภ(Business Strategy)
5/ 1 53= G 5. B
.
/ < 4!5ภ5
Cost Leadership
Differentiation
Cost Focus
Differentiation Focus 84
$ ก ก : & ; 7 / j. กkj
G 7ก
ก
ก < 4 B<ก < 4 4 d < 5ก 4B/ ก 3 D
1 . 2 ก C/ ก : B < 442 @ 45 2 < 4 1 ก 57B5 D ก 5 G < 4 C 3 d B/ ก G 4.ก / ก 42:75 = eก ก ;/G 7ก ก
ก!GG ก ;/ = eกk G 7ก 4 .
. กkj ก
G ก
85
Cost Cost Leadership Leadership
" % % _ภภ" % #
ภ[ ` # " ) )[ &_ ( ภf [[" # _ I ภS
.
86
ก $ ก ( "<
( ก )
.' [
ก [ `
) # )
( ) \ S
( ) ( # d(
.
87
.
88
ก. 1@ / !E @ ก7: !E ก 5. B
ก. 1@ F7G 57ก
!E ก E.75 / ก B= 7 !E 1 ก 4 k !E ก 7 G 4 j .
89
Marketing Plan <7 ; !
<7 ; .ภ/
<7 ; 7 / !. G 7ŕ¸
<7 ; C 1 ภ5. B
y
: B1= STP & Perceptual Map
*
*
* x
ภ= ; B< 5d C7 ภ. 1@ Product/Service Plan
ภ= ; B z ;4
ภ. 1@ B/ ภ. 1@ B/ C 1 ภ:= ;
ภ= ; B Marketing Mix .
Promotion Plan 90
ภ$ ภ& (4Ps) (4Ps) Product Product 7 7 / / Price Price
Promotion Promotion ภภ7 744ภภPlace Place C C
1 ภ:= 1 ภ:= ; ;
.
91
"# $ ( + ภ& (4Cs) ConsumerÂ&#x201A;s Wants & Needs < 45/ ภ.ภ/ Communication ภ3
ConsumerÂ&#x201A;s cost to satisfy 123E/ C/
: Convenience to buy B<ภG ภ D
.
92
7 / (Product) C 1 ภ:= ; ภ74ภG (Place) (Promotion) 5 < 7 / !. . ภkj B ภG 7ภภภ/ G ;2G;
5 j
.
C 1 5 Â&#x201E; < 4 G . 4 1235 D ภ/ GG .:7 57ภ7 / ;.
E-commerce
ภÂ&#x192;kj
ภภ74ภภC 4 @
(Price) D y < .B ภ;/ 7 C 3
!. ภ>G ภk
93
Product
7 / /G 7ภG 7k 1
Promotion mix
Place
ภ74ภÂ&#x192;kj
ภC 4 @
Broker 5 <!1
ภB 5 !. Tele marketing .
E/!1 := ;
.ภ/
.2ŕ¸
ŕ¸
94
ก ' & ก ' /ก &( ก
ก!GG !. ก G 7; 1 . 2 ก < !E ก G 7ก !. E.75 j .
ก G 7; j
ก < !E B/ ก= . ก E.75 !. 1235 D
B/ ก ก E.75 !. ก G 7ก
ก G 7; 1 ก G .
ก < !E ก F7G 57 !. ก <G 4 95
ภภ' ภ' /&( /&( /ภ>7 /ภ>74
$ &$' [ .' [ ภ/ ( ) ( # d( (Delivery/Speed) ( ) \ S (Flexibility)
.
96
ก &ก & ก & 9 9 ก
ก [ ก ._ ( ) ก ก f\* ก #กd $ ก ( !a ( ) $ ก f\*
.
ก $ก " ก ก S S ก % ก ก ก % #
97
Physical Supply (Inbound Logistics)
ภ. 3 /
< 5d B7G
A
Internal Operations
Physical Distribution (Outbound)
7 / = >:
5. Bภ. 3 /
. 7 /
. 7 /
. 7 /
X
. 7 /
. 7 /
. 7 /
Y
B C
.
98
.
99
! 0% .ก
! 0% ก ก ( 9. .ก ก ( 9.9 ( ก ก ( 9.ก : ก ก. 1@ B/ ก . 1
ก. 1@ B/ ก : B; 7 1 + % & 47 E.
.
100
ก ' ก ก ก " * " ( ก ก !S" # $ * !S" # $ ( .
101
ก $ $ 4 "< ก % ก 1 "@ 67 ก
.
102
"# $6 . ภ$ 4 ' ! (Return) ภ!" # ภ$ $ ( Risk ) & ภ.
103
"# $6 . ภ$ 4 ภ: ภ6$ " $ "< %& $
S ) Y (Common Stock) S ภ(Debenture) S ภ( Y! $ &$ (Debenture with Warrants) S ภ! " ' [ (Convertible Debenture) Y! $ &$ (Warrants), Â&#x201A;(# $ (P/N)
.
104
"# $6 . ก $ 4 ก
ก " $ #S"\
" กS *ก
.
$ [ _ * \ J 105
"# $6 . ก $ 4 ก ก \ ก ก * $ [ _S) #( !" S * $ S) #( S #S) ) ([$ . ! ก ' [ " !" ( )# )
1 ;4 <2 = 7 1 ;4 <2 - ; 2D 7 ;4 <2 .
106
ก ! $ .ก; 2D
B
7 /
ก= ก>G 7 .ก; 2D .
ก j B
:/ ; 2D
3 D 7 / 7 B
: C= ; 2D
107
ก $ $ $ # s ก " #[\ !" ก #I ก " $ # \ ก
.
108
ก $ ก & $ 4 !S" # $ * #(" \ ) #ก$ 1 x
ก \) ก& [ .$I _/ ก # $ ก \) ก " J #I ก )ก a $S ก$ ก
.
109
ภ$ ภ& $ $ ภŕ¸
ภภS ) Y
ภภภภ#' S ภ( ( _! _ (Debtenture with Warrant) S ภ! " ' [ (Convertible Debenture)
.
110
ภ$ ภ& $ $ ( ) ภภภ( Debt Financing) ภภ\)# $ ) #(" I \ ) ภภ( 1 x ภภ\)! ภภ\)! YY * ภภภภ# $ #' S * ภภS ภ(Debenture) ภภ( Â&#x201A; YY I # $ (
.
111
ก " "< %"%& & ; ( )# s ก " ( )# s # $ / ก a"$ / ก ก ( )# s ก # $ [$ . #(" \ ) " &$ a" ! ( )# s $ !( " ) #)$ a"ก $ !( " ) (EIA) ก " ก ) ก
.
112
ก ! ก ' !" . ก ( 9. ก (
ก + % & ก 06$ ก ( % ' (
0 $ % ' (
% &ก (
ก 0 ( 0%( 6
(
- ก &. ' 6 ; ก
ก 6 ; ก ,4 ก 6 ; ก +
ก 6 ; - ก (
.
113
( ) ก ! ก ' !" . ( % &ก ก+ " ' ( % &ก ก % &ก ( - & 6$ ก ( 9. ก ! 0% 6 "6 0 4 "%$ .
114
& & ภภ&& ( ( !" . !" . #I\ ) # V S) ภภ[ ภ\ S a $S $ S( YS % ภ[ ŕ¸
# s ! ( Â&#x2020;Road MapÂ&#x2C6; #[\ ) $p ŕ¸
.
115
& ก & ( !" . ( ( )
#[$ ) $ &$' [% ก $ # % ' ( !( " )!" ก #ก$ % * ก ) S) ( ) a$ I !" S a $S ( !a #S) ) !" # $ ก " !a ) $S " ก % *
.
116
ภ" ภ$
" ภ' ภ$ !" ( _ S \ ) ? ภ" &_Â&#x2030;ภÂ&#x2030;( ภ!" " ภ' ( !( " ) ' ภS \ ) ? ภ" &_ !%d % & ภ$ [ ภ!" $ )% a $S !" [ ภ) I S \ ) ? ภ" &_ ( )# !" a" ! (Risk and Return) S \ ) ?
.
117
( ) ก " ก $ ( ก" &_#S) )ก " # !" & ก$ [ )ก ก " !" ก S \ ) ? ก" &_% ! ก ก" &_ \ J ( ( S \ ) ? ก" &_ ! ก# s ก" &_
ก"($& !" !a " ก S \ ) ? ก" &_ " ก ( I ($ % $ !" $ก S \ ) ?
.
118
( ) ก " ก $ ( S( !" #(" % ก" &_ S #S)
)S \ ) ?
ก" &_#" ! !% S \ ) ? I ( ) ก [$ . S ก" &_ *
$ !" $ก S) ก " # s $Z ! ก
S \ ) ? #)$ !%
!) #)$ .
S \ #ก$ S \ ) ? 119
ก345678 / ก ! (Market Expansion) 0 1 2 345 (Product Expansion) ก :;< = ก :>? ? @ A @ 1BC (Vertical Integration) Forward Backward ก :KL MN:ก1<KOBA ก ! C (Diversification) ก :>? ? @ A @ S (Horizontal) ก : MN:ก1<V CS?! C @ B C (Stability) ก ?NKM5MN:ก1< (Business Strategy) KN ! Z <! ? (Cost Leader) ]: C @ A ก ! C (Differentiate) N!C; ก (Focus) ก : 2 ? (Internal Efficiency) N32 ^:=]1 KM12 Responsiveness ก : SV] SC !S ก ก : KO C `````````````.. `````````````.. `````````````.. `````````````.. `````````````.. `````````````..
9:;59<43:=>?4@A3:BC>D@C=E9?4;=F?4=E9?4;
Action Plan =EG<HI<4
ก34567
Action Plan
9:4:=J3< Q1
Q2
Q3
Q4
Action Plan Q1
: ?b < ก ก
1. ก !
Q2
1. @1; : = 5 > S ก A ! =
!
Segment ; dBS Market Size
XX Million Baht
A =]g @=ก :A>!C>
^h 2545
A ! = Segment 2. ; dSก Target Market 3. กL Positioning ; dBS@ Cก ?NKM 4. ; dSก]!@ 0] K Cก : 5. < KL Promotion Plan *** 6. KL Marketing Audit
Q3
Q4
Who must do what ?
.
123
ภ< !E ( Strategic Formulation)
5 <: G /
ŕ¸
.
ภ= !E F7G 57 (Implementation)
5 <: G GG 5 Â&#x201E;
5 <: G B/ 1 ภ4 k !. 1 ภk
ภ57B5 4 !. <G 4 (Evaluation & Control)
5. ภG 7;
< w @ 4 ŕ¸
124
" ก ! 9 ก 1. 2. 3. 4.
S ก ) S) S ก % % % ก ( ) ก ()ก" )% ! ก )S ก" ) $ " ก ' )$p _ # " IY ก $S !" ก" &_# s
.
125
" ก ! 9 ก ( ) 5. ( % * % S _ก 6. ก ()S \ ก ก 7. ก" ก% ก #I ($& ก ก]
" # % # V S) # s .
126
Virtual Organization " ภ![ ! ! ภ[ ภ!" Â&#x160;Â&#x2039; J () * ภ![ ! S( _ภภf [[" # _ !" " ŕ¸
.
127
ภ!9 ภ1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
% _ภ#S) )ภภ" &_ " ภภ! ภ)BU (Business Unit) ) % _ภ) ภS \ #ภ$ # $)ภ_ภ# $)ภภS \ () ) ภ()ภ$ ภ) ( ( ŕ¸
#S) ) ?
.
128
ก " $ " & 9 ก -
!GG GG Cก < กF G2 G G 42;. B G E/G 7; B G : Bก eD ;< ก
.
;4 - ก G2 G / . - E/G 7; B G E / = - 4 d5 G .ก / B/ 7
129
ภ" $ " & !! (System) - / 4.E.ภB= 7 / ภ- / 4. 5 EG/ 7; 1 D - ภÂ&#x2C6;Â&#x2030;ภG 4 / E/G 7; B G - 42 / 4. E.ภB= 7 4 ภB Â&#x2021; / 4..ภ/ ;4 !. ! - / 4.!:ภ: ;/E/G 7; B G5 Â&#x201E; !. ภ- 42ภÂ&#x2C6;Â&#x2030;ภG 41 D ภ.
130
! ! ' ! : ก ' ก $
* + , +-* ($ p _ !" $p % ก$ ก [ ` ก" &_#[\ " ($ p _
.
131
! ! ' ! : ก ' ก $
* + , +ก \ # $ ก ($ p _ !" ก" &_
ก$ ก ) !" ก $ $ ก p ) !" ก $S
ก" ) I ( #S"\ [ ก ก !ก YS ก$ ก ) Y
.
132
! ! ' ! : ก ' ก $
* + , +ก (. ) Empower [ ก #[\ [ ` !" $# $ ) $ $ #[\ [ `
_
$ &$' [ ก" I$ ก ) S ( \ J #[\ [ ` ก ( ก !" ) ( ก ) $ !" $ก .
133
ภ" $ & A ภ- () - $ I - ) ภ#)\ ) #ภ( - S" ภ#" ( )# - # ภ$S ' .
;4 - Empowerment - # Â? #a !" $ - ภ" # - # " ŕ¸
134
( + : ภ( ' %""8 ! (
ภS( ภ( !a !" ภ( ) * MBORR = Management By Objective Result and Rewards ภ$ภ)( _ a"" [&_!" ) ภS a" ! ) % ) "% ( ภ( ภ" &_ !" $ ) a" .
135
( + : ก ( ' %""8 ! ( )
.
) ก \ !" ก $S [ ก " "_ก $S $ ) ()ก % " _ก
136
' ! 7 ภภ"< ' ( !!:&: 5 Task # # V S)
a" Relation ( ) )[ &_ ) ภ" ภReward ภS ( " " ภAttitude p $ (ภS \ " " ภParticipation ภ) ( () ภ$ % " ŕ¸
.
137
HOW HOW ARE ARE WE WE DOING DOING ? ?
.
138
ภ" ( + ภ;4
ŕ¸
/ B/ ภ7 < BE. B25 <G 4!. 4 / ภ= F7G 57 : Bภ!5 . Â&#x2C6;Â&#x160;
.
â&#x2DC;ş â&#x2DC;ş â&#x2DC;ş â&#x2DC;ş â&#x2DC;ş
Multidimentional < BE. B25 i:: G 5
w !. / j 47 !. = G : Bภ/ 4Â&#x2C6;Â&#x160;
139
The Balanced Scorecard as a Strategic Framework for for Action Action Framework
Communication &Linking â&#x20AC;˘Communication and education â&#x20AC;˘Setting goal â&#x20AC;˘Linking rewards to performance measure
.
Translating the Vision â&#x20AC;˘Clarifying the vision â&#x20AC;˘Gaining consensus Balanced Scorecard
Business Planning â&#x20AC;˘Setting targets â&#x20AC;˘Aligning strategic initiatives â&#x20AC;˘Allocating resources â&#x20AC;˘Establishing milestones % : Kaplan & Norton
Feedback &Learning â&#x20AC;˘Articulating the shared vision â&#x20AC;˘Supplying strategic feedback â&#x20AC;˘Facilitating Strategy review and learning
140
!!ภ" ภ(Performance (Performance Appraisal Appraisal System) System)
( #I\ ) ภ($ p _ ' ภ$ !" # V S)
( " ภ( ` & ) _ภ!" ภ#)$ a" _ภ()!" ! " Â&#x160;Â&#x2039;
( ) ภภa $S ( () ภ( ภ( !a ภ" &_
.
141
!!ภ" ภ(Performance Appraisal System)
( ( ) ) "% ภ#)$ J ( # s ) % [ ภ_ภ( # s ภ" #[\ [ ` a"ภ# $ S % * ( # s ภ( ภ[ ` (# % ! " Â&#x160;Â&#x2039; !" [ ŕ¸
.
142
6 . : ก &' ก "8 ! & ( ก S ( _
ก! ก (
\ ก ( $ $
a$ I ก ( )a"ก (
# s a [ `
.
143
Balanced Scorecard (BSC)
# s # \ )\ #I\ ) ภภ" &_% _ภภภ#)$ f ) ภ#)$ 4
) " !ภa"ภ# $ ภ# $ " ภภ( ภ$S ' ภ# !" ภ# $ * 4 ) ภภS ( _ (Objective) ภ( (Measures) # V (Target) !" ภ# $ ภ(Initiative) .
144
Balanced Scorecard Scorecard (BSC) (BSC) Balanced
ŕ¸
# s ภ) Â&#x2020; _ภ# ( ) # d ภ# $ a"ภ# $ ภ# $ ( # s
% a \ S Â&#x2C6;
ภŕ¸
# s ภ)( #[\ ( )[ % a \ S !" " ภ_ภ# ( ) ภ( ภ# s #"$p
.
145
Balanced Scorecard (BSC)
ŕ¸
# s ภ)#[\ S _ภ" ($ p _ # ( " ŕ¸
ภŕ¸
#[\ " ($ p _ #
ภภZ ( ) ) ภ# " ! " !" [ `
.
146
The Balanced Scorecard Links Performance Measures
Financial â&#x20AC;˘Profitability â&#x20AC;˘Roce â&#x20AC;˘Cash Flow
Customer
Etc.
Internal
â&#x20AC;˘Retention
â&#x20AC;˘Cycle times
â&#x20AC;˘Satisfaction
â&#x20AC;˘Quality Index
â&#x20AC;˘Market Share
â&#x20AC;˘Rework
â&#x20AC;˘Relationship
Innovation
â&#x20AC;˘Productivity
â&#x20AC;˘ % of new products â&#x20AC;˘Rate of improvement â&#x20AC;˘Skill levels â&#x20AC;˘R&D Conversion Etc .
Source : Kaplan R.S & Norton D.P. HBR 1993
147
KPI = Key Performance Indicators
# & & $ ' () ŕ¸
.
148
Key Key performance performance indicators indicators used used by by companies companies in in Thailand Thailand Rank
Rank 1
Customers Customers
Percent
Corporate Image
69.2
7
Market Share
67.6
9
Responsiveness
62.7
Percent
-
Learning Organization
49.7
-
Technology Leadership
38.4
-
Speed of Launching
34.1
New project -
R&D
3
ROS
76.8
5
Revenue
69.7
8
ROE
65.9
9
ROA
62.7
Rank
34.1
International
10
Quality Human Resource
78.4 57.5
Development 10
Rank
Employee Morale
57.5
Cost per unit
53.0
Social Responsibility
Percent
& Environment 4
Safety
71.4
9
Social Responsibility
62.7
-
Compliance to law
56.9
-
Environment Conscious
6?K I< : Corporate Performance Assessment of Business in Thailand : 1999
.
Percent
Efficiency 2
6
Innovation
Percent
87.0
Satisfaction
Rank
Financial
56.8
149
ก $ %%" " ก ก &&' ก &( ' ก &( ก " $ $ )) ก $ ก " ก : 6 % + 7 ก 6 % ; + 7 ) )0 ;/ 84 0( 6 8( .
<7 1 !. ก. 1@
.
KPI
Target
ก ( 9. .
9 = -= ) : -4 $ ;/ 84 0( /ก ก ก 0 = ) 6 > 6 8( .
KPI
Target
ก ( 9. .
150
ก " $ ) ก $ %" ก &' ก &( /ก : -4 (6 . .ก ' 6 > $ " ) /ก 6 8( .
KPI
Target
<7 1 !. ก. 1@
ก ( 9. .
ก / ก : -4 (6 . $ " .ก - 5 6 % % 8 4 - 5 6 8( .
.
KPI
Target
ก ( 9. .
151
$
Balanced Scorecard Scorecard Balanced
ภ$ %" ภ&' ภ&(
ภ7 ( _ : a"ภภ( : ROA = # V : ROA>10% ภ" &_ : ภ$S $ [ _ .ภ/ ( _ : ( )[ [ ภ( : I ( )[ [ " ภ# V : " 90 % " ภ) ( )[ [ ภ" &_ : Customer Relationship Management
.
<7 1 !. ภ. 1@
ภ2 /!. 57G 5 ( _ : ภ[ ` a"$ ' .b_ ภ( : % $ S)
# V : % $ S) 10% % % () ภ" &_ : Innovative & Learning Organization
Internal Business Process 9/ B $ : $'! $ D4! ภ! : ) 9 !ภ! - $( BE! : <0.01% $'! - $( ภ# : TQM
152
$
Balanced Scorecard
ภ$ %" ภ&' ภ&(
/ภ< 5d : ( )[ [ ภ( : ( ( )[ [ " ภz : " 90 % " ภ) ( ) [ [ ภ$# $ ) # $ : Customer Relation
<7 1 !. ภ. 1@
ภ2 /!. ภ57G 5 ( _ : ) ภ($ !" [ ` ภ( : $ S) ภ" ( ) # d z : % $ S) 10% % %
ภ7 734 : Innovation & Learning Organization .
153
KPI :B $ $ KPI :B & &' & ' & ภŕ¸
EVA (Economic Value Added) pretax operating profit - total annual cost of capital EVA > 0 a $S ) value S shareholder ภ$ [ _ (ROA) $ [ _ [ ภภ[ ภภ%
.
154
KPI
.
:B &' & ŕ¸
( )[ [ % " ภ' [" ภZ._ _ภภภZ " ภ(Customers Retention) Market Share Sales Closed/sales contacts (%) ( ภ#
% #Â&#x2030;" " ภ155
Internal E fficiency Efficiency
" 6ภ! $: â&#x2DC;ş â&#x2DC;ş â&#x2DC;ş â&#x2DC;ş â&#x2DC;ş â&#x2DC;ş â&#x2DC;ş â&#x2DC;ş .
I $S (%) I [ ภ(%) Processing Time ภ$ #(" % #Â&#x2030;" % Lead time #(" #Â&#x2030;" ภ$ Productivity p $% [ ภ156
$ KPI ก ก 6 A KPI &
R&D R&D I () (%) # $ " ก [ ` ) ก " ก [ ` " S)
( % $ S) ( ก( . x $ * S) ) ( % [ ก ก( .. x (%) #(" $ S) ก "
.
157
$ ภ$ KPI % / ŕ¸
ภ9 = 6 ภ% .
K PI = - ภ&. . ภ6 % -B - ) ' / ภ$ 6 ' ภ' ROA ROS Productivity $ - ภ% ภ$ 6 ; = & T. )0 %$ ภ/$ R & D $ $ )# $ 6%
6 " % / D D B D 4 /" % " % - D 4 " % 4 6 4 D 158
Benchmarking Benchmarking ภภS #ภ.b_ ! " ($ & Â&#x2026;$ $ (Best Practices) #[\ ( ) a"ภÂ&#x2026;$ $ S #S \
!% % ภ($# S_ $ S \ ภ( ภ# # ภ!% S \ ($& ภp ภZ ภSภ) !" ภS #ภ.b_) / .
159
" Benchmarking 1. Competitive Benchmarking
B 6 6ภ6$%- 0-
2. Cooperative Benchmarking
BG ) $ ภ+3 -78-$%- 0- ) %-9-! ) 9 ! ŕ¸
3. Collaborative Benchmarking
BG ภ! - () -! ) $ ภ(+) '! $-!)'! )
4. Internal Benchmarking
B 6 64! 7 ) $ ŕ¸
5. Process Benchmarking
B 6 6 66 ภ6 ภ! 2!
6. Strategic Benchmarking
,! D!. ! B 7 '! ภ# ! p _ . . Â&#x2030; _Â&#x2030;
160
) ) !
'ก > ก
ก! ') 0) %ก$'!
7.95
ก! I ! %ก$'!7 -
13.75
ก! ก5! %ก$'!
66.07 %
) 0! ,!ก8-) ! ก! ,2! -! $'!7 -
9.85 %
ก ROA
9.21%
ก *$ '! 9 (%)
ROS ROE ก2!3 9-) ก ! (6! )
4! $ -) D/E
7.74% 17.72% 67,440.71
• • •
$-! 9/ 6 $-! (+) !$!
20.89 49.92 6.86
1.21 -! 2.49 -!
• •
$-! ! $-! )ก 6 &
7.88 5.81 8
VISION
ก ) ! ก ,( ,2! . 94 DJ + I !
- OEM : ODM : OBM ก! 78',-! ก! I !# ก , ,2! + Hก)6 6$ ! 6.%'$ 6$ $ ! 6.%'6 ! % $-! $'!7 -9-) % $-! $'! ) 9 !ก! !))ก
9.21 ! ก! 60 : 37 : 3 229,075 6! 2.29 3.61 5.17 66.25% 11.82
) 9 !ก! 78'ก2! ก! . 9
56.57%
!))ก 66
16.81
Cycle Time
35.77
Waste
12.68%
* ! & ,+ ,
3 ' 6 ISO 14000
') 2.96
ก2! 0) ISO 14000 ก2! 0) )ก18000
') 9.47 ') 8.33
:
!"#$%# &" ก ' ( ) ) * $ +, ก ! ( . !"# $ * * ) 2545.
( + ก &ก B ก $
ก < !E ก. 1@ = F7G5 7
B2 B2 4 B2
.
4 B2 = >: KPI BSC
.= G ก
? ./4 ;.< 162
Performance measure Measure the right thing Be a means, not an end review measure
.
163
B 4 & 7 % 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
ภ= ภ. 1@ ภF7G5 7ภ12 3 @ 4 ภ5 / ;/1ภ; < G z ;4 <4ภ1/ ;/ ;> 73 12E3 / ภ23 < / ;/ < 4 : ภ;/ ภ7Bภ.23 ! . = e de j 12 3 4 C 5 <5 (Intangible Value) ภ;/ ภ7B ภภ7B < 4 4 d ภ! 5 E. ภB ;/ ภ7Bภw G ภ1= 42ภภ= ; B / 7 12 3 ;4 4 3 47 E.ภB= 7 42ภ< B12 3 4B . 1ภB/
.
C
4 C
â&#x2DC;ş â&#x2DC;ş â&#x2DC;ş â&#x2DC;ş â&#x2DC;ş â&#x2DC;ş â&#x2DC;ş â&#x2DC;ş â&#x2DC;ş
â&#x2DC;ş 164
KPI and Benchmarking JMNO5E9:FPQ8
KPI
Baseline
Target
Initiation
KPI and Benchmarking JMNO5E9:FPQ8 ภ1.6 6 % % 8 ภ+ " /ŕ¸
9 = -ภ0 = )
ภ/ ŕ¸
KPI
EBITDA
Baseline
800 Mbaht
Target
Initiative
> 1000 Mbaht
Customers & Market Development
!,,> ภ!+ D , ภ9 8 & BE! !
ภ#
Action Plan
!
6
Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4
B !D
.%' 6. 8)6
!,,> ก ก4 ' ) ) & BSC () ก ก
ก ก ก
! ก
& '
# !$%%
!" Target
ก
ก
KPI Template C 3 KPI ……………………………………………………………………… ก. 4 KPI ……………………………………………………………………… ; < 123 C/ ………………….………………………………………………… 5 KPI ……………………………………………………………………… ; < 123< B …….………………………………………………………………… !;. / 4. ……………………………………………………………………… ;5 E.123 C/ ………………………………….…………………………………… ก 52 < 4 ……………………………………………………………………… E/ GE7BC G ……………………………………………..………………………
KPI
@ ,
E )* 1
E )* 2
E )* 3
ก + ก=F ก -' ! ก
.
KPI
'
4 ' ก
G ' E...
1
2
3
4
+ ก 4 5
+
!
! 6
4 ' ก
170
! . ภâ&#x20AC;˘ Kaplan, Robert S & Norton, David P. â&#x20AC;&#x153;The Strategy Focused Organization, 2001 â&#x20AC;˘
)* ) * ภภ2548
â&#x20AC;˘ Chandrachai, Achara â&#x20AC;&#x153;Corporate Performance Assessmentâ&#x20AC;? APO 1999
.
171