^^
noMhmsam
TEN CENTS
PRICE,
THE
690.
AQUARIUM ISSUED IN THE INTERESTS OF THE STUDY, CARE AND BREEDING OF AQUATIC LIFE
RED-BELLIED DACE Chrosomus Eiythrogaslei
One of the most brilliantly colored and gen>>rally satisfactory aquarium fishes. Fins, light yellow: base of dorsal fin, red; lop of head and back, olive speckled black; top stripe, b'ack; next •tripe, light shade of metallic gold; stripe running through eye and into tail, black; belly and lower jaw, brilliant red; gill
plates,
white
JUNE
Vol.
PUBLISHED AT PHILADELPHIA. PA. BY THE AQUARIUM SOCIETIES OFTHE CITIES OFc
r=i NEW YORK CHICAGO
:
:
BROOKLYN
PHILADELPHIA
77s.
WII^I^IAM
MACK
THE
Terminal Pet Shop h
Importers, Breeders and Dealers in
CO
lapanese Goldfish and Tropical Fish Fish foods, plants and aquaria
< D
Pets of every description
C
Birds, seeds and cages
Burnett's Japanese Fish
<
Booth No.
i8
Food
Concourse
HUDSON TERMINAL BUILDING NEW YORK West
I02
io6th Street,
New
Prices cheerfully furnished for special sized aquariums
York City
AQUARIA
Plants Decayed? Goldfish Dead? There's a Reason! A helping hand to the amateur aquarist and a
SUPPLIES
We take the lime to answer your trouble? Full instructions for balancing your aquarium for year without change of water, 35 cents copy, postpaid. profit to ourselves.
little
questions.
What
is
Birds, Cages, Seeds, Etc.
We
buy, sell, exchange, import and breed the rarest Chinese scaledragon-eyed goldfish and Japanese scaled fantail and fringetails. Goldfish shipped anywhere in Snails, beautiful aquarium plants. United States, guaranteed safely. "©Ol^Cn E)ragon," the fish food that saves the lives of your fine fish, and makes them fat and Don't exoeriment feed the Imhappy, 20 cents box, postpaid. Contains dried daphnia, laxatives and perial Food of Old Japan. Pair fine young Japanese fantails, $1.50. Big bunch cereals, etc. aquarium plants, 25 cents, postpaid. less
KAEMPFER'S BIRD STORE
—
Cije ©riental
&0Mi&\) S.
F.
G.
114
N. State Street
CHICAGO, Write
Co., 924 Gates Av.. Brooklyn, N.Y.
ILL.
for Price List
Chichester LInyil, Manager
KUHLKIN
H. A. BOIES
THE
NATURE SHOP
Aquarium Book Herman
T. Wolf's work
"Goldfish Breeds and Other Aquarium Fishes"
Our Sped a /lies All varieties of fish for the aquarium is
Self-sustaining aquaria
—
a perfect balanced food K. B. Fish Food Guaranteed singing and talking birds
The Shop ivorth
^jc)
W.
I
•visiting
8 1ST
— Broadivay
Subivay
STREET, Subway
to
the standard authority.
all
about breeding
way on all aquarium and terrarium subjects. 240 beautiful illustrations. Price, postage prepaid by us, $3.00
our door
Bldg.
Tells
fancy goldfish and treats in a practical
INNES & SONS Twelfth Street, Corner Cherry, Philadelphia, Pa.
—
For nSHY" T":;' "5* tKot areMEW ee rn V "A A" iW H s Two ave -ms Price-Lisr Senttft V«>>-i ••
>if.T.7/i^viii-.vyiaige
THE NEXT NUMBER OF THE AQUARIUM will appear in
September
Notices of change of address should be sent to Innes
&
Sons, 12th and Cherry Sts., Phila.
May
American Muxeinn Jouriud for
Till'
Document No. 110 of the Bureau of FishWashington, "Methods of Studying
contains an illustrated article by Bashford
eries,
Dean on "The Exhibition
the Habits of Fishes, &c.," by Prof. Jacob
American Museum,
seum methods
for exhibiting fishes
The
terestingly described.
showing specimens ])laced
them
the
as in
in imitation
This
is
in
is
placing
are in-
of the
eries Congress,
Washington, and was awarded the prize
making
held
and, after coloring
and recording the
with an illustrative example.
in
groups and
mam-
selected was the
model
its
Society sends
four elder sisters.
behalf of the latter,
we welcome
How
to the ranks.
its
The Fourth
Estate,
New
In early
York, of June
8,
histories of fishes,
reconmiend
this
jmper
such work and suggest to
for
studjing
life
histories
Fish Commiission
of
for a
copy of Document No. 110.
numbers we hope to publish
sev-
by noted naturalists; articles on live-biaring fishes, a series on labyrinth fishes, and a continuation of the series on j)lants started in this number. eral
follow?
for
The example Horned Dace (Semotilus
fishes to write the
Mil-
soon will Boston
life
We
atromaculatus). as a
life.
The young Milwaukee
On
September, 1908, at
the best method of observing the habits
those intent on
waukee
in
them
keeping with the groujjs of
birthday greetings to
University of Michigan,
Fourth International Fish-
at the
being dis-
of their natural surroundings.
mal and bird
Reighard,
was read
method of
rational one of
objects
life,
old
bottles
in
by the more
casts of
of Fishes" in the
which modern mu-
in
articles
1912, announces us thus:
Those who read German have a
FISH RAISING "The Aquarium,"
a magazine devoted to
the interests of the study, care and breeding of aquatic It is
life,
has just been established.
New
York, Brooklyn, Chicago
and Philadelphia.
Eugene Smith of Ho-
Societies of
boken, N.J.,
is
the editor-in-chief.
KNCLOSE
$1.00 for
ria
hope from time to time to it
to the notice of our readers.
The "MoscoAv Society of Lovers of y\quaand House Plants" is an old established
Russian Society which issues a bi-monthly magazine from which we shall publish some articles in the future.
FILL IN,
1
We
posal.
bring some of
issued monthly at Philadelphia, except
during July and August, by the Aquarium
rich field
of literature on aquatic topics at their dis-
CUT OUT AND MAIL
ONE YEAR'S SUBSCRIPIION TO
THE AQUARIUM TO COMMENCE WITH THE
Make
checks payable
to
THE AQUARIUM
and mail
to
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W.
F.
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I.
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D
Street, Olney, Philadelphia, Pa.
Largest Greenhouses in the World Devoted to the Breeding of Fancy, Chinese and Japanese Goldfish and
Propagation
of
Aquarium
Plants
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL
PLANTS
FISHES
CABOMBA MYRIOPHYLLUM
COMMON SCALED
ANACHARIS SAGITTARIA LUDWIGIA VALLISNERIA
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COMET FANTAIL FRINGETAIL
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COMMON RAMS HORN
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Drawing
by H. T.
WOLF
PTERIS FERNS
WATER
LILIES
Submerged and Semi-Submerged Plants lOR PONDS ON ESTATES
"SUPERIOR" AQUARIUMS
Manufacturer of the Celebrated Rustless corner pieces.
Marbleized
Made
bottoms.
slate
in
galvanized sheet iron, wrought iron
and brass nickel plated.
"AMERJAP" FISH FOOD
Manufacturer of the Celebrated Made from
the purest of materials.
For
fish only.
aquarium pure and sweet and does not injure the plants
Once
tried,
We maim
the
in
Keeps your
good condition, keeps your Eaten by the fish with avidity.
fish in
the aquarium.
always used.
ornaments in the country. No rough, sharp edges to injure and but every ornament glazed with a smooth and beautiful finish, and in harmonious colors,
carry the finest line of aquarium fish,
creating an artistic
efi^ect in
the aquarium.
Globes, Nets, Pebbles, Sand, Foods, Etc. Everything Pertaining to the Aquarium and Pond Send
for Price Lists
—
;
The Aquarium Volume
JUNE,
1
Chrosomus Erythrogaster
with
(Rafinesque) I
spring
our waters,
found
is
Outside the State
ported from Maine and
Carolina
and
From Michigan and
It is
northern
in
New Brunswick
lemon yellow,
large
blotch
'
the Ohio Valley gen-
hort,
commonly found only
Its
in small clear
stripes of
77
91
to
and the two long
<
in
dorsal scarlet
a
fins
with at
a its
Head
rather
nose
pointed,
about equal; gcalcs
is
evidently obtained by nib-
sucking the surface slime from
and other objects on the bottom.
consists mainly of
mud
containing
algae.
In captivity the dace should be fed^ once longittidinal .1
dark color upon the
sides, will
Length, 2 to 8 inches
;
day on
fish
food and small scraps of raw
beef alternately
;
earth
worms chopjied up
being really better than the beef.
other s))ecies of Cyprinidte found within
our range.
the
the
readily distinguish the present species from all
food
stones It
scales,
bright
of
breast,
belly,
and
the
pointed, javvs
bling or
streams.
"The minute
in
very small."
Kansas tributary
Missouri.
lateral line,
belly
and the body everywhere minutely
tuberculate.
to
Alabama
have the scarlet,
bright
base
has been re-
northern
erally to the streams of to the
it
coloration
and chin bright
This beautiful species, one of the most
North
males;
in
with silvery; females much
more obscurely marked than males which
Chicago
in
crimson
to
Koi'i»
(Based upon "Natural History Survey of Illinois")
Illinois.
brassy
Avhite, overlaid
3
Ked-Bellied Dace/
Wm.
showv
Number
1912
The breeding season
body ob-
falls in
May
and
long, moderately comjjressd, tapering about
June, at which time the colors of the male
equally each wa}^ from middle of body
reach their most gorgeous development.
color above brownish olive, with a broad
^^'hile
vertebral streak of dusky and dark spots
lives well in the
forming an indistinct row on u])per part of each side stripes
;
not especially hardy, this species
aquarium, where
upper
of
age,
rivers.
Edit.
caudal
fin,
sometimes
breaking up into spots of oblique bars
on caudal peduncle
;
the lower stripe
broader, extending from snout through
eye and along lower portion of sides to
end of caudal penducle, followed
by a black spot
in-
tish is not found in the Atlantic Toast drainexcept in the headwaters of some of the
Note— This
a:id
narrower one extending from upper corner
base
is
marked with two black
sides
(faint in females), the
of gill-cleft nearly straight backward to
it
deed a most beautiftil object.
at base of caudal rays;
RED-BELLIED DACE
the interspace lu-tween lateral bands
Chrosomus
a bright silvery or satiny cream, tinged 19
I'Jry throe/ aster
Worth
Aquatic Plants
Cultivating
Hammond, Indiana
The Floating
1.
Ceratopteris
the
floating
among
ferns and one of the few truly aquatic or
hydrophytic
species.
A
plant
it
extends around
waters of the tropics,
of
quiet
the world, occurring in the United States
The plant
Florida and Louisiana.
in
a
usualh^
more or
divided,
or
the blade
;
ing leaf
being
sacrificed
from
Aside
spores, the
means
by
on
occasionally
leaves,
surface
depending more upon
this
else.
or ponds.
United States and Europe. and no real leaves,
to both
real stems
but the whole plant consists of
of
green
little
fronds which look like leaves and of which
one alone constitutes a plant or two or three adhering together, with one or two
the
of
might
name has been given to aquatic plants known to every
There are no
produces new plants
the
it
recently this
who wanders by puddles
mon
tissue
spore-production.
to
propagation species
leaf
which he gave the name,
Several species of duckweed are com-
from proliferous buds at the edges
freely
or
the
is
to
and more divided
segments,
It
was
one
spore-bear-
or
fertile
erect, longer
is
narrow
into
the
;
a leaf.
uncertain as to what the precise plant
a group of
culent in texture with a thick stem filled
with air-cells
whom
now
More
suc-
is
to
have been a "duckweed" or something
bluntly triangular, or del-
less
The savant
was Theophrastus, who wrote a treatise on plants somewhere about B. C. 800. This same Greek was acquainted with an aquatic plant to which he gave the name Lemna. The name was possibly suggested to him by the little island of Lemnos, in the ^gean Sea, apparently floating on the water like
is
young
(in
deeply lobed
or
leaves or fronds
toid
simple
of
rosette
specimens)
Pliny and Aristotle, de-
refer
I
anomaly
an
is
like
the study of nature.
P'ern.
thalictroides,
water-fern,
or
who,
})her,
voted a portion of his time and talent to
W. A. POYSER
thread-like
method
underside.
than upon the more uncertain sexual proc-
from
hanging
the
growing from the edges of those
ones
The viviparous production, asexually of new plants by gemmae, bulblets or buds is not uncommon among plants of
rootlets
The fronds multiply by young
ess.
the lower orders.
In cultivation the
ple
cause to
or
usually
it is
leaves,
grown
probably
frond.
in
water too deep soil. is
While as an oxygenator the floatingis of no value to the aquarist, as a
a tiny oval or round frond, two to five
rootlet.
Given a sunny position it
tentment
fish
with
seem such
to find a certain con-
a
surface
Upwards
covering,
there lived
in
two thousand
Lemna
smaller, aver-
The most
fronds
are
attractive is
Lemna
oblong
and
pointed, growing at right angles in two planes.
The Greater Duckweed, Lemna
poli/rhiza
years
minor.
The
trisulca.
The Duckweeds. of
is
species, as well as the largest,
and vegetarian species are not averse to an occasional nip at the succulent leaves. 2.
single
aging about the size of that of the smallest
The
a
perpusilla too has a sin-
in
responds with a wealth of
cheerful light green, and multiplies rapidly.
with
diameter,
in
Lemna
gle rootlet, but the frond
warm room,
Co-
The Lesser Duckweed {Lemna minor) common species and consists of
millimeters
a
Wolffia
our most
forms a pleasing addition
to a collection.
produced
edge of the
In general this description covers
our local species except
be-
fern
it
are
fissures in the
lumbiana.
permit the roots to reach the
surface plant
flowers, very sim-
rare,
floatall
fronds
and minute and
from cracks or
ing-fern seldom produces fertile or spore-
bearing
The
that are mature.
ago
of
Linnaeus,
has
long
since
been placed in a separate genus of the
Greece a certain philoso-
family and 20
is
now
called Spirodela poly-
or
may
that
thalli
These
lets.
apologies
reach a diameter of
and
millimeters
eight
A Surgical
This species has disc-like fronds
rhiza.
little
for
has
several
root-
"Duckmeats"
with
perpetuating
their
roots,
W.
On
parent,
the
seem far from the accepted flowering plant, but neverthe-
idea of a
fish dealers,
and
in looking over his stock,
fish
swimming about with
saw a goldhead down.
At the
first
word
the last
is
The
in this direction.
may
part of the jaw, and out of curiosity
removed the sack
The
render
aquarist
to
unnecessary
it
for
any concern
exercise
Of
or
more
to
some
course,
and
attractive trisulca, he
may
Microscopic
trouble.
course, present on the rootlets side of the fronds.
This
is
righted itself and
in their
mouths and,
moment
disgorge
it.
in a
ability.
It
or so,
Note on Hearing of Fishes
know
hearing of
fishes.
experimenting
He
almost immediately about in a nor-
inquiring at the store
found the
fish
apparently in
its
with
former dis-
seems conclusive that this
fish
mouth was
fish's
manner, particularly, as
it
We
all
the propensity of goldfish to suck
gravel into the mouth, but they usually
Dr. G. H. Parker, of Harvard Univer-
been
fully
placing
entirely covered with the growth.
Nichols
New York has
On
gravel happen to lodge in the in such a
sity,
an
was held downward by the weight of the gravel, but the mystery was how did the
(To be Concluded)
J. T.
Upon I
it
swam
good health and no trace of
to
to take a plant
fish,
the fish in the tank,
a week later,
known
in-
great surprise, there dropped
of
which may be seen
the
my
out several pieces of gravel, some
and under
well
to
mal manner.
is,
to
However, as a further took a pen-knife from my
I
well go
life
was
I
was due
it
one-eighth inch in diameter.
to se-
one secures the rarer
if
that
I
The
it.
pocket and proceeded to open the sack,
the
cure a start in advance of Nature outdoors.
and
to the touch
believe
experiment,
about
few can be carried over
and examined
abnormal growth.
"wintering" his plants, but, without much trouble, a
fish
hard
felt
clined to
Duckweeds are the smallest flowering plants known to botanists. The great abundance of some of the species
Upon
there was a sack projecting from the lower
be due to
a tiny green seed.
it
is
It is
and the proneness of the unfa-
size
its
miliar to think
was
fish
closer examination, however, I found that
about one millimeter in diameter, floating considered rare, but that
thought the
I
one of the symptoms of that disease.
plant consists of a minute green globule
just below the surface of the water.
glance,
its
with bladder trouble, as this
aff'ected
ana
to stop
one of our local
the extremely tiny Woljfia Columbi-
less
happened
a certain occasion I
in the store of
species by branching and separation from
Case
F. DeVoe Brooklyn
eject the
the
same immediately
after doing so.
finds that sounds in
the air usually cannot be heard well under
water, and that sounds under water usually
cannot be heard well in the fishes
show certain proof
air.
According to habitat, fishes fall into two main groups, marine and freshwater, with an intermediary group inhabiting the trans-
Many
of distinctly hear-
ing under water sounds.
Dr. Parker's article
Bureau of Directing
ition region of is
Doc. No. 755,
group can
"Sound as a Movements of
Fisheries, Wash.,
Influence in the
or
become
species
brackish water.
The
live either in salt or fresh
adapted
may be
strictly
to
either,
or
21
some
confined to areas of
certain degrees of density or sal nity.
Fishes."
last
water
THE AQUARIUM
One form plankton
Issued in the Interests of the Study,
readily
Care and Breeding of Aquatic Life
time.
th
Aquarium
•
Send
all
,
to the
direct
other matter to the
all
Editor-in-chief;
Manager
Business
for
Savings Building, Hoboken, N.J.
Business
DeVOE
Bank
W.
Manager,
F.
Advertising Rates upon Application
::
the gun, so
the camera has very largely dis-
may
the plankton net
sliould be pleased to hear that
mention
the
No.
acjuarium suggests to case with
the
this
is
managers
word
the
and
in a
ginner,
Wliile this
is
it
The
the
There. is the
Crustacea,
life
his
given
of the insect world,
those
begun
the mollusks, and
minute forms of
life,
all
ticles.
the
of
the
organic
world,
that
of
to
The only
that proper credit be
and magazine by
author
both
who may reproduce any
We
want
azine and trust
the
productive of
As many of our friends are
is
of our ar-
to get the widest possible
With the June magthat the summer may be
number we reach our time
plants.
of
we make
])ublieity for our subject.
including that of the
micro-organisms, not to speak of the other half
subject matter as well as illustra-
request
after having exhausted all fsh possibilities,
work.
illustrations
be cuts used for advertising
it
tions are offered for public use.
truth, as
the thorough aquarist has only
Hereafter there
purposes only.
true, of course,
only a partial
is
and business
matter reach him by
all
more copyright
no
be
used, unless
measure a definition for the be-
still
have
to
of eacli month.
.^th
will
about as
simple a definition as one can get from the uninitiated.
will
so.^
In order to insure earlier publication,
3
hearer a "glass
tlie
and
in"
fish
of
Who
the benefits of their experiences.
do
the editor asks contributors
Ordinarily
some of
members or friends would undertake sucli work this coming summer and give us
::
JUNE, 1912
I
As
l)laeed
We
Single Copies, ioc
Subscriptions, $1
s))ort.
our
383, Baldwin, Long Island, N. Y.
Box
may
recreation out of this sort of
take the place of the rod and reel.
EUGENK SMITH
Editor-in-Chief,
be
s])are
occupation as out of angling or gunning for
Philadelphia
manuscripts, exchange?, books for
review, etc
Vol.
and
may
made by any one with some
much
get as
Brooklyn,
of
Societies
New York
Chicago,
that of
is
which
Sojourners along lake and shore
Published m. nthly except July and August at I 2th Street, cor. of Cherry, Philadelphia, by
of such research
investigations,
renewed the coming in
in the habit
summer vacations much pleaswell as furnish much
spending extended
of rest as a
many new ventures
resulting
activity on the part of all for fall
season.
at small lakes, they could get
ure for themselves as
A CORRECTION.— On the
and even help augment
instruction to others
the knowledge of aquatic life to no
between
in-
considerable degree, by making systematic
neighborhood surveys of their retreat
and recuperation.
research,
no
field
barren and no one
is
miles
endeavor
The Lower
so insignificant as not
evolved
by
and 11,
of
first
column:
Once
a
Falls.
-iniore
•
oldest
known
indications of fishes teetli
in
very plentiful, but
it is
of fishes Ix'comes known. 22
fishes
in
are
Upper modern type
only in the
Cretaceous deposits that the
masterful
minds.
found
Silurian deposits in Russia.
In the LTpper Silurian, fossil
of facts from which later the great truths of ai-e
1()
Little
are some small spines or
is
to be able to contribute his mite to the pile
science
lines 10
above
page
insert the following line
places of
In these days of
of hunran
May number,
Plankton
The plankton
EirGENE Smith
tion
Iloboken
tion
\MH'n you look into deep waters from
more than the
its
composi-
of water, distance from shore, plentitude of
from shipboard you rarely see
shore or
varies as to
and amount according to season, direcand force of wind or current, depth
certain organisms as attraction for others
reflection of the sky in its
and for innumerable local reasons, having thus maximal and minimal phases period-
varying moods, or perhaps only one uni-
;
You know,
form dark mass of water.
of
Much
annual, monthly and daily.
icitv,
course, that there are fish there as well as
remains to be done to clear up this
other living things, but of the vastness of
the
that
few have any
life,
There is
is
idea.
The word Plankton
life.
Greek
of
is
origin and signifies "that which floats."
mounted on a ring or spreader of about eight to twelve inches opening. The bag of the net should taper from this width to a point at the end where it may either be
It
includes all this manifold life of the water
which
not attached to the soil or which
is
is
not to a large extent free of the swa}' or current of the water.
motion of
own
its
frame covered with gauze or have a small
simply
as well as that
bottle or detachable
borne along by wind and wave.
The
what
swimming part
actively
also
is
net
called the nekton or srcinnninc/, while the
plankton proper
that
is
more
life
are represented.
Thus among
the nekton are wandering
worms,
poly))s,
snails,
covering
after in
either
by
tachable
net
one to two feet in
insects, the adults of a
should be
few only.
certain
the
made
distance
its
the
plankton proper are
many
also
to be
operated
may row
kinds, including
those of fishes and very largely algae and
mass
held
ready
The bag should be from depth. The towing line
of strong linen cord
at least twice as long as the greatest
Among
is
contents,
jelly-like
into a vessel
bottle
bryozoa, protozoa and others, the larvae
protozoa, eggs of
The
by dumping the de-
or
for the purpose.
many
a
scraping
of the
prustacea like daphnia, Cyclops and others,
and pupae of
to hold
the water in tow of
and emptied of
hauled out
many
rotifers,
drawn through
is
and
All classes of
of the water, the drifting.
box attached
from the water.
sifted out
is
a row-boat or a slowly moving motor-boat,
mercy
at the
provided with a smaller
tied with a string or
what has
It includes
of
within the reach of
is
it
many to help in this field. The apparatus for this work are few and A net made of fine silk gauze simple.
not a drop of that water which
not literally quick with animal and vege-
table
water and
life
To
in.
use the net one
the boat while the other
and
depth
man
manages
other plants either freely floating like the
For deep hauls attach a pound weight or more to the end of the line and
sargasso weed, the blue-green algfe caus-
the net at whatever height above the bot-
ing the bloom of the water, or
the
minuter diatoms,
etc.,
the net.
much
as
well
as
spores
the
sea
is
called
tom you wish the whole to
and seeds.
The
plankton
of
It is
The amount
of this floating life
is
simply
tity,
and
it is
i.
e.
to say, vertebrate life, as
furnishes food to
empty
well not to
it
and proceed again.
make
too long a haul, as
For shallow depths or for surface tow-
makes possible
ing the weight
the immense productivity of the water in
higher,
The weight
))lankton.
inconceivable both as to kind and quanjust this that
explore.
the gauze becomes easily clogged with the
that of the freshwater limnohios.
halobius,
to
drags along the bottom until you haul up
may be dispensed
tirely, or to give the net
a light weight
it
may
a
little
be attached to the line
several feet in advance of the net.
it.
23
with en-
steadier pull
Between
wash out the net so remain open and
liauls
may
thermometer
;
magnifying
least a strong
value
Everybody interested in the culture of probably knows a daphnia when
he sees one, but a few words explaining
(sta-
what a daphnia duces
microscope, or at is
of great
it.
Other-
glass,
ready to use
3'ou are
if
A
made.
and
differ greatly
sure
[)roperly or give
it
each vial
label
to
number
an insect
in a note book.
further
some one versed
or turn
it
send at
the
to
it
U. S.
into
called Cladocera.
is
The
Fish
a
is
less transparent, Avithin
a
bivalvular
carapace
hinged dorsally on the
manner and largely so by aquarists. Whatever little has
studied in this
inside;
eye,
United States so far has
in the
daphnia
animal, more or
small
The life of lakes, and of German,
Washington.
and Italian
Entomostraca are
shell.
daphnia and others.
life
English and Scandinavian lakes has been
been done
a
over to some teacher in a uni-
Commissioner
the help of
in
divided
This group includes
or
the Swiss
are placed into a sub-class called
do that part for you,
scopy or minute
versity,
one
micro-
in
and appearance, tho Daphnia and
several orders, of which
sary means to analyze the matter you have let
from which, however, they in size
Entomostraca, which means, in a rough way,
If you have not the time or the neces-
collected
it
has a single
from four to
six
been mostly through the medium of the
feet having branchiae,
Fish Commission.
or organs of respiration,
Let
us,
too,
make some
and
in this
efforts
large,
branched
Daphnias are very
on Propagation of Daphnias or Water Flea
Pointers
Frank In order to
live,
J.
Meyers
If
we
nature
imitate
closely as possible so that an animal
approximately
ment and feed
it
been accustomed, will thrive is
antennae acting
as
it is
it
them
tion takes place in
two ways
a recognized fact
its
that
as
may has
their birth a
possible food for goldfish, especially
Reproduc-
eggs are received into a large
molt or shedding of the shell
takes place, and the egg coverings are cast
species.
the
in size.
between the back of the animal and its shell, where they are hatched and the young undergo almost their whole development, so as to come forth in a form nearly resembling that of their parent. Soon after
natural that the ani-
and reproduce
females
cavity
environ-
natural
the food to which
the
prolific,
greatly exceeding
First, the
every organism in nature,
whether animal or vegetable, must absorb nourishment.
It
Greatly enlarged
preponderating largely over the males and
Betlilehem, Pa.
mal
A DAPHNIA
swimming organs.
direction.
live in its
not
shell or carapace.
its relatives
the locality, date, depth, etc., under a cor-
resjjonding
crayfish,
have a
all
number and describe
a
is
may
Daphnia belongs to Crustacea, which includes the crab, lobster
with two per cent, formaline solution for
Be
and how it reprocome amiss. the same great class,
really
kind,
its
wise put the mass hauled out into bottles
future use.
of supply by the
source
goldfish
tions) tested as well as lines of direction in whieli hauls are
the
to
culturist.
sampling water at different more extended work would also
depths at the different places
';ake
cursions
in captiv-
necessitating frecjuent ex-
ity die rapidly,
and
temjieratures
test
to
Daphnias
goldfish, are daphnias.
water
tlie
for
bottles
depths
let
Besides the net you want also
through. 1
that the meslies
off
with
it.
In a very short time afterwards,
another brood of eggs are seen
best
and the same process
young 24
is
in
the cavity,
repeated, the shell
:
being again shed after the young have been
But,
brought to maturity.
may be
Second, at certain times daphnias
are
seen with a dark opaque substance inside the
the
of
part
rear
which
shell,
resemblance to a saddle
from
to
called the ephip-
is
ovum covered with
consisting of an
tough casing enveloped
in a capsule
The
opens like a bivalve shell.
first
as
diifers
green matter
both
the eggs.
color
in
much
how
propagate, them
less
The answer is very These small creatures are called
feed to daphnias?
Infusoria,
because
a very
fusions of hay.
which
criminate
traces
microscopic,
they
make
invariably
called
and appearance from
They
consist of an indis-
assemblage of
Some
isms.
the ovaries, which
in
to catch,
their appearance in infusions, especially in-
of the ephippium are seen after the third
molt
we
simple.
its
This contains two oval bodies, each
pium.
daphnias eat small creatures which
if
cannot be seen with the naked eye,
all
common
of the inore
mostly organ-
ones
C'haetonotus,
etc.,
which are greedily devoured
of
ai'e
Paramaecium,
Chilodon,
Stentor,
Stylonchia, Vorticella,
After the fourth molt this green
minute,
animal and vegetable
by
matter passes from the ovaries into the
daphnia.
open space under the shell on the animal's back and there develops into the ephip-
increase successfidly, the following should
pium.
At the
molt
fifth
this is
thrown
To keep daphnias
Do
are
hatched.
nature
is
do not crowd an aquarium with fish. Daphnias, while often found in stagnant water, require oxygen to live; therefore, unless growing plants are present, well aerated
next spring, when the young This
curious
provision
of
destined to afford protection to
the eggs, which are to endure the winter's
The
cold.
with
it
cast
shell
not crowd them, on the same prin-
ciple that successful breeders of fish
closed, floats on the water or sinks into the until the
and have them
be observed
off
and the ephippium, with the two eggs en-
mud
alive
water should frequently be added.
of daphnia carries
The
not only the covering of the limbs,
best plan
is
to
keep the daphnias
in
but of the most delicate hairs and setae
a receptacle in which water plants are grow-
which are attached to them.
ing and add the water containing the infu-
The young,
recently
differs greatly in
ture animal.
hatched
soria
daphnia
It is
from time to time
water
appearance from the ma-
is
some fresh water algae such as Zygnema, Vaucheria, Oedogonium, etc., in a warm, dark or shaded place After this all for ten days or two weeks. that is needed is to stir the water slightly and dip out a quantity, which is poured if possible,
bivalve shell, and only three pairs of limbs.
Spirogyra,
This
is
the food upon which very young gold-
and grow so rapidly. The mature
daphnia are too large to be swallowed.
Young
goldfish have been
daphnia about
follow female
observed to in
order
into the water containing the daphnias.
to
By the foregoing means the author has numbers of daphnias from
feed upon the young as they are extruded.
The food
of daphnia consists of
particles of decaying animal
raised countless
small
a few
and vegetable
capture
small
Daphnias are
The
daphnia food,
in
c<".n
do so
Possibilities of the
Home Aquarium
and eat must be very Yet the largest part of
Tracy H. Holmes
capture
indeed.
and summer.
original ones,
and any creatures which
creatures,
they can small
and devour.
hundred
in winter as well as in
matter and such living animalcules as they can
This
Place a re-
ceptacle containing a quantity of hay and,
an odd-looking, sprawl-
ing thing, moving by quick jerks, having no
fish thrive
needed.
as
prepared as follows:
Chicago
An aquarium
the natural environment,
with water clear as crystal
and capable of sustaining
consists of just such creatures. 25
fish life
for an
period without
iii(K'fiiiitc
is
An aquarium
of that kind
cstahlishinfj;
known
is
more
as a
quarters;
secondly, because they dis))lay most won-
an equilibrium of certain nat-
derful colorations, often bizarre, frequently
the
is
result
chang( able, according to the emotions of
ural forces.
In stocking an aquarium to
narrow
with
contented
of
aquarium and
halajued
because they are small fishes and so
first,
a possibility easily realized.
being chanjied
home aquarium,
ticularly suitable far the
iifcossity of
tlu-
it
necessary
is
anger or love; thirdly, because they
fear,
allow at least a certain amount of water
exhibit
the most unusual and interesting
to plant in the sand enough
habits,
especially
each
for
fish,
grownig water oxygen as the
fish will require,
enough tadpoles
or
much
furnish as
plaTits to
to
add
and
concerned
with
brooding,
and,
nest
lastly,
because most of them will breed and
raise
devour the
to
snails
and
those
building
their
young
their
in
the
ordinary home
This ability and willingness
accumulation of waste matters, dead leaves
aquarium.
Such an aquarium will grow more beautiful week by week until it
breed in the aquarium endears these
and green scums. like
and
need only an occasional cleaning
will
fishes to fish lovers, for there
satisfaction
one of nature's limpid pools,
becomes
and
pride
successfully
bringing these tiny water babies through the vicissitudes of life to the full
and an addition of as much water as evaporates. Such a dui)li-
of their grace and beauty.
ular su])ply of fish food,
of
fishes
and
natural
tile
jjlants aflfords
makes the aquarium as
much enjoyment
in
the
how
grow
to
in is
Many
in the
and
artistic
far
more
As
to their ovi]>ar-
only
available
it is
As regards
fully
developed
their breeding
habits
aquarium
bles,
fish.
of air bubbles.
fishes
in these several
interesting,
are tropical
The
i)aradise fish
they have become acclimated to aquarium
forbidding scientific names. is
to be
These
])ouch
which
it
in
fish gills
a labyrin-
each cheek by means of
can utilize the air above whenever
Thest^ air breathing pouches
it
make
sible for the fish to be revived
he necessary to employ their rather
of which mention
thine
(Macro])odus Viridi-
a water and air breather, hav-
the natural su])])ly in the water gives out.
Unfortunately most of them so
is
fishes
groups.
ing besides the usual
and
have been im])orted into Germany, where
common names, and
Space allows of the
mention of but a few of the many
auratus)
Most of these
the nest builders there are
and those that construct floating nests
made
other aquarium fishes, some
many more
Of
builders.
those that build nests in the sand or peb-
not by any
most of them more suitable for the home
will
which give birth to
young.
acjuarium.
have as yet no
that in the air itself.
there are the plain spawners and the nest
beautiful,
conditions.
<n-
fishes
by land-
Interesting and beautiful as goldfishes are,
many
gill-
ous fishes which lay eggs, and viviparous
While the goldfish holds the center of
there are
their
methods of reju-oduction there are
water
in
effective display,
(he stage in public display,
the
to
are
water, and cheek-pouch breathers which can breathe either the oxygen in the
scape gardeners.
means
there
the
aquarists find
water plants as
])lants
breathing
of
breathers which can breathe the oxygen in
grow scores of beautiful plants, and in getting them
done with land
According
grou]is.
in
method
so
to
inti'resting
even as
scribed
problems that tax
and take great delight
fishes,
learning
In order to present these fishes more
a source of interest to
old as well as young.
perfection
readily to the mind's eye they will be de-
of
of the most intelligent, and
the skill
and
home conditions
a genuine
is
in
of the glass sides and pebbly bottom, a reg-
(;iti.in
to
little
fishes,
it
26
))os-
has accidentally leaped out of the aqua-
rium onto the
made, are par-
it
hours after
floor
and become
so
drv and
stiff
as to
seem stone-dead. The male para-
observer of a family of quail on a search for grasshoppers. In the mating season the lower surface of these fishes be-
the
gorgeously colored in green, blue, gold and orange, and is subject to surprising changes in the intensity of its hues, especially during the mating season. Paradoxical as it may seem, the ordinary maternal duties, with the sole exception of the laying of the eggs, are performed by dise
fish
the male
is
fish.
He
comes tinted blood red while the sides scintillate with emerald facets. These few illustrations will suffice to suggest the pleasurable possibilities of the home aquarium.
builds the floating air-
bubble nest, broods over the eggs and young, aerating them by taking them into his mouth, a mouthful at a time, and blowing them up through the water to the nest
Tadpoles C. J.
Heede
Brooklyn
above.
The leri)
is
As many of the aquarium
saber-tailed fish (Xiphophorus hela graceful, lithe and active fish,
destro}^
young
fishes
will
snails or the smaller varie-
of snails, thus leaving the aquariimi without scavengers, some substitute must be provided. Tad^joles, particularly of the ties
colored with as brilliant a metallic emerald and ruby as that which bedecks the rubythroated humming bird. The female fish gives birth to some fifty dainty little babies which make a dazzling sight as they dart hither and thither through the vistas of the a;reen waterscape.
larger frogs, will do the
same work and
not be so readily eaten by the
when very much smaller than
fish,
the
will
except
fish.
They
even better for cleaning and purifying an old balanced aquarium with a large growth of algae, rusty-looking glasses and foul sediment. If put into an aquarium for this purpose they must not be fed as thev are
Similar to the saber-tailed fish in the breathing habits are the tiny Gambusia and Girardinus fishes, the females of which are scarcely more than an inch long, the males being not over one-quarter the size of
may
the females and so differently colored as to be readily mistaken for an entirely different species of fish. These little fishes have
neglect their duties
too plentiful.
meat
if
They
no waste matter
is
other food
raw
fish
is
and
at hand, as In
up aquarium. They destroy freshwater polyps and if kept
often reared their
the case of a newly set
more
also
families of twenty or in a quart jar, bearing the three con-
if
will eat
secutive broods within the period of eight
with snails will keep the snail shells clear
weeks. The young mature within three months. The red chromide (Hemichromis maculata) is an examjile of the fishes that build a nest scooped out of the sand or pebbles. The eggs are laid on the u):)per side of a flower ]>ot laid sideways on the bottom for that purj)ose and are aerated constantly by the parents fanning them with their side fins. The young, upon hatching, are trans-
of algae, and
even more important from the white leeches which at times infest and eventually destroy Aside from their usefulness the snails. in the aquarium tadpoles will be found very interesting to raise from the egg. These eggs, in large bunches can be collected by the individual, or may sometimes be bought from dealers in aquaria supplies, Enclosed in a cirearly in the Spring. cular jelly-like envelope the germ looks like When these a small round spot of black. clumps of spawn are placed in a balanced aquarium and kept in a light, moderately sunny, warm place, the development of the germ will soon be apparent. In a few days the eggs will hatch and the little tadpoles will proceed to eat up their erstwhile It takes from four to six months home.
ferred in the mouths of the parents to a nest scooped out of the sand. One ])air of these nests,
what
is
will free the snails
fishes was observed to build two one for use in the daytime, the other
The babies were transferred from one nest to the other twice a day, one parent brooding the young while the other was busy making the unoccupied nest scrupulously clean. It is a wonderfully interesting sight to see these two beautiful
at night time.
swimming about with their large familv of inquisitive youngsters, reminding
up
fishes
to
two years, or even longer,
to reach the perfect frog state. 27
for tadpoles
SOCIETY 'BULLETINS Officers for 1912
Brooklyn Aquarium Society nu Regular meetings
are
held on
Fourth Tues-
day
every
in
W.
Initiation
Annual
St., at 8
New York
Harry Roessle
Theodore
P. Fritz
Smith
—
S.
T. Smith for Female Mottled Female Mottled Telescope
for
—
First Prize Blue Ribbon) awarded Or. In the Competition for Lahyrinth Fishes (Classes K. I.) Fredk. Schneider for best exhibit of Paradise Fish. Second Prize (Red Ribbon) awarded Herman Rabenau for Paradise Fishes. Third Prize (White Ribbon) awarded Herman Rabenau for I'ri(
chogastor fasciatus. In the Household Aquarium Competition the following awards were made: Sinclair Smith, First Prize (Blue Ribbon), for Balanced Aquaria. Frank k. Fairchild, Second Pri/.e (Red Ribbon), for
Fee, $1.00 Dues, $2.00
Balanced Aquarium. Frank B Johonnot, Third Prize'(White Ribbon), for Balanced Aquarium. Herman Rabenau, Fourth Prize, Tri-colored Ribbon of Special Mention.
May 2.6th —Special Meeting called to meet and confer with Mr. Wm. T. Innes, Jr., President of the Pniladeiphia Society, with a view to establishing an International Standard for judging goldfishes.
Officers for 1912 President
meetings are held on Second and Fourth Wednesday of each month, at 809-
Secretary
Square Building,
Librarian
Regular
127-139 North Clark at 8.30 P.M.
F. S.
Street
Carl Fossetta, 500 Diversey Buulevard Tracy H. Holmes, 2816 Logan Boulevard
Treasurer
Street,
Young, 428 West 66th
Dr. G. a. Preusker, 457 North Avenue F.G.Orsinger,! 23 South Oakley Boulevard
Vice-President
the
2 City Hall
,
Local Business Manager, Owen H. 702 Fulton Street
Male Mottled I'elescope (Blue Ribbon). Second Prize awarded Third Prize awarded S. C. Lloyd Telescope (Red Ribbon). (White Ribbon).
Fanciers' Club
I
St.
Financial Secretary
Society and friends, Sunday, July 14, 1912, to Grassmere, Staten Island, N.Y. Meet at Staten Island Ferry, Battery Place, New York City, at Trip, including dinner, #1.00. Q.JO a.m First Prize awarded S. T. Smith for in the Competition for Old-fashioned Telescopes (Class F)
Chicago Fish
8
Smith, 52 Wall
Treasurer
924 Gates Avenue Second Summer Outing of the Brooklyn Aquarium
Au-
P.M.
Owen H.
DeVoe, Box 383, Baldwin, N.Y.
Dr. Rudolph C. Lienau Local Editor, Sylvester C. Lloyd
gust, at Fairchild Building,
702 Fulton
F.
Vice-President
month
except June, July and
Corresponding and Recording Secretary
President
i
W.
Local Editor,
A. Poyser, 106 Carroll
Local Bus. Mgr.
f,
G.
Pieser,
St.,
Hammond,
Ind.
3800 Grand Boulevard
Initiation Fee, $1.00
Annual Dues, $1.00
New York
Officers for 1912
President
.
Buchanan, 143 Liberty Street, New York Dorn,7 Norman Rd., Upper Montclair, N. |, Arthur Osborn, 42 South St., Jersev City,N.).
Isaac
.
Aquarium
Vice-President, Richard
Society nuu
Cor. Sec'v, Rev.
Regular meetings are held on Second Thursday at the
the
German
American
Sherman Ave.,
School,
Jersey City, and at the
Am
on the Fourth Friday erican
Museum
New
Treasurer,
Henry
S.
Coffin, 129 East 71st
H. A. Richtberg, 85 South i6th
St.,
St., East
New
York
Orange, N.j.
Hermann Hoffmeister, 65 Webster Av., Jersey City, N.[. Treadwell Nichols, Am. Museum of Nat. Hist. Business Manager, Carl P. Ording, 1931 Broadway, New York
Librarian,
i
Local Editor, John
Local
of Natural His-
Park York, each month
tory, 77th St and Central
West,
Recording Secretary,
except July and August. Initiation Fee, $1.00
Dues, $2.00
June 28th: "Facts and
September 1 2th: Next meeting
Philadelphia Aqu ar i u m Society nUUUU ,
Fallacies of
Aquarium Management," by
W.
L. Brind. at
jersey City.
Officers for 1912
Wm.
T. Innes, Jr., 2th & Cherry Sts, Charles Pa.xson, 2921 N. 9th Street Fred Schaefer, 1610 N. 2d Street Treasurer secretary and Bus. Mgr., Howard S. Crees, 3744 N. 13th St. President and Local Editor,
Vice-President
.
i
.
Officers for 1912
Milwaukee
President
Aquarium
Secretary
Society rou
Librarian
C. G. B. ScHENCK, lo<; Grand Avenue August Grau, 31 10 Grand Avenue
Vice-President
Reverend Paul Roth, 2602
M.
Treasurer
yune jd. "June lyth.
August
The
Society was organized at 105
Next meeting.
J.
Prairie
C. Steffen, 91^0
W. Pollworth,
Avenue
First Street
1816 Wright Street
Grand Avenue with 19 members.
FISH FOOD
DRIED DAPHNIA
WM. L. PAULLIN Goldfish Hatchery Fancy Japanese Fantails and Telescopes Common and Fancy Water Plants Live Daphnia shipped within 100 miles of Philadelphia
WHOLESALE 425
Jacob C. Cassel Arch
915
Pa.
Philadelphia,
Street,
WOLF ST.
RETAIL
PHILADELPHIA, PA.
Greenriver Fish and Baby Fish Food
Manufacturer
develop
will
Aquariums Aquarium Ornaments Floral Terra Cotta, etc. Fish Food
Fish Globes
Goldfish and
Send
all
for
aquarium requisites
Catalog and Trade Prices
The Guide
to
Nature
fine fins
makes your
also
many
breeders in Philadelphia
and Other large Ask your dealer
ARCADIA, SOUND BEACH, CONNECTICUT
color;
healthy
and robust; will act as a laxative and is the best substitute for Daphnia. It will not sour or cloud the water. This food is used by the New York and Philadelphia Aquaria; also by
Publisht Monthly by
The Agassiz Association
and
fish
HARRY
for
P.
it
cities or send to
PETERS
Warnock Street PHILADELPHIA, PA.
1210 North
SINGLE COPY, IOC ONE YEAR, $1.00
IMPORTER AND BREEDER
Frequently has interesting articles devoted to Aquaria,
and
is
always packed
trated
C.
material
full
pertaining
of interesting, beautifully to
all
Young
illus
THIELER
Scaleless Telescopes, all colors from $7.00 per hundred up
departments cf nature.
Aquarium Plants
Imported
of all kinds
Goldfish
DEALER IN Fancy Japanese Gold and Silver Fish Aquaria, Fish Globes, Foods and Plants, Birds and Cages, Bird Seed, Mocking-Bird Food, Etc.
Aquaria Tanks Fish Globes Ornaments, Etc.
THIELER'S SONG RESTORER
Auburndale Goldfish Co. (Not Incorporated)
Very Best
in the
33 Flatbush Avenue,
Market
BROOKLYN,
Telephone Connection
920
West Randolph
St.,
Chicago,
N. Y. Send
for
Catalog and Trade Prices
111.
3 9088 01015 3914
,
AQUARIUM
TAPPAN
F. L.
SPECIALTY
Dealer and Breeder of Rare and
FANCY FISH 92
my new
for
FISH.
A
of
the aquarium.
rish in
book,
work on
practical
NEW YORK
AQUARIA
Makers of the Rogers Crystal Aerator and aria
and Aquatic Cages, Mouse and Frog Houses.
scopes and of Red, African and Japanese snails.
Natans and Gigantica and of single-rooted Ludwigia Mullertti
Cultivators of Sagittaria
Catalogue on application
"ENUF SAID"
iEsasasasasBsasasasasHsasB
IMPORTED AND BREEDER (Live-bearing and Spawning)
Plants,
Snails, etc.
We
507
Singing Canaries and Song Birds
Madison
Street, Cliicago,
111.
and many others
Aquaria
&- Plants
1143-1153 Liberty
Avenue
Open daily except
pays. its
trip
you
of nature. zine to
It
is
kind in
aquarium supplies.
W.
the F.
Union.
De VOE,
have op-
to subscribe.
in
"The Aquarium "
the only publication of this
country.
It
goes
to the very people interested in all kinds of
in
will
Speak of The Aquarium maga-
them and get them
and Tuesdays
ylDVERTISING
y\
your vacation
portunities to get in touch with other lovers
Mondays
BROOKLYN
On
&- Supplies
HERMANN RABENAU El.
W.
Bitterlings
Fundulus
(City Line)
are Specialists.
ATLANTIC AND PACIFIC BIRD STORE
Danio rerio
Domestic Fishes
Fulton St
PARROTS, MONKEYS AND PET STOCK
Chanchito
Gambusia
on
Retail Dealer in
Trichogaster
Poeciila
Girardinus Mollienesia
station
VAHLE, 315 N.Madison St., Chicago wholesale and BIRDS and ANIMALS
E. C.
Paradise, Polyacanthus
heiieri
Filter.
Breeders of Japanese and Chinese fringetail tele-
MINNEAPOLIS, MINN.
Xyphophorus
AVE.
CITY
Largest manufacturers of Aquaria, Terraria, Viv-
care and breeding
SEVENTH STREET, SOUTH
Tropical Fishes
CO.
WASHINGTON
1827-31
Chanchitos, Gambusia, Paradise Fish and Goldfish Send $i.oo
j
It
reaches
every State
Rate card on application.
Business Manager, P.O.
Box 383, Baldwin,
L.I.