OCTOBER.
1913
TTT TTi^
Ten Cents
Price,
tr^D^Tf^^ '1
4 5-^
f^v..
'aj** 'A.'
FRANKLIN BARRETT 4815
D
Street. Olney, Philadelphia, Pa.
Largest Greenhouses in the World Devoted to the Breeding of Fancy, Chinese and Japanese Goldfish and
Propagation
of
Aquarium
Plants
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL
PLANTS
FISHES
CABOMBA MYRIOPHYLLUM
COMMON SCALED
ANACHARIS SAGITTARIA LUDWIGIA VALLISNERIA
SCALELESS
COMET FANTAIL FRINGETAIL TELESCOPES
HORNWORT POTAMOGETON SNOW FLAKE WATER POPPY WATER HYACINTH
CELESTIALS LION'S HEADS
SHUBUNKINS
SALVINIA
PARADISE GOLDEN-ORFES GOLDEN-TENCH GAMBUSIA-AFFINIS STICKLE-BACKS
WATER FERN LACE LEAF
WATER LETTUCE UMBRELLA PALMS CYPERUS PAPYRUS CYPERUS ALTERNIFOLIUS
SNAILS
GRACILIS
COMMON RAMS HORN
LAXUS FOLVA VARIEGATED BOSTON FERNS
POTOMAC AFRICAN JAPANESE
Drawing by H. T.
WOLF
PTERIS FERNS
WATER
LILIES
Submerged and Semi-Submerged Plants FOR PONDS ON ESTATES
Manufacturer of the Celebrated Rustless corner pieces.
and
Marbleized
"SUPERIOR" AQUARIUMS Made
bottoms.
slate
in
galvanized sheet iron, wrought iron
brass nickel plated.
"AMERJAP" FISH FOOD
Manufacturer of the Celebrated Made from
the purest of materials.
For
fish only.
aquarium pure and sweet and does not injure the plants
Once
tried,
We maim
the
in
Keeps your
the aquarium.
good condition, keeps your Eaten by the fish with avidity.
No
rough, sharp edges to injure and
fish in
always used.
carry the finest line of aquarium ornaments in the country. fish,
but every ornament glazed with a smooth and beautiful finish, and in harmonious colors,
creating an artistic effect in the aquarium.
Globes, Nets, Pebbles, Sand, Foods, Etc. Everything Pertaining to the Aquarium and Pond Send
for Price Lists
(T'
The Aquarium
Volume
Number
OCTOBER, 1913
II
^ 5
J
^. Hemichromis Bimaculatus or Red Chromides By
This
member
a native of the zil,
J.
W.
GAGE
of the Cichhdae family
Amazon
frequenting
is
District of Bra-
shallow
or
stagnant
waters, ranging from 65 degrees to SO
degrees Fahrenheit.
The head
is
having a 2" bottom of well washed lake and planted with Vallisneria Ludwegia, Spiralis, Sagitaria Natans, Elodia and floating water fern, and filled within one inch of the top with water which had been standing about two weeks to insure its being flat or ripe, and fed them as wide a variety of food as sand,
very
blunt and heavy, tail
possible.
In about a month the tank
spatulate and
extremely powerful. The fish has
two
pectoral,
had a beautiful growth of plants and was as nearly balanced as any I ever had. But by this time there seemed to be con-
two
pedal, one dorsal
and one anal fin. The color is reddish brow^n with
small
emerald spots,
greenish
spawning
when
siderable
during
except
the
lor
time, head
and lower half body are
the
I
of
that
a
best Hemichromis Bimaculatus.
red.
another.
This species
is
carnivorous and
devour not only
its
When
will
own
so, in I
to
so fact,
thought
to separate
them by
])artition,
ravenously
family,
his
much
deep rich red, hence the name, Hemichromis, or half
cause
contention in
a glass
i)rcvcnt their killing
they found
it
one
impossible to at-
tack one another they were apparently
young but all young fish, also scraped raw beef, fish worms, dried shrimp, chopped oysters or clams, meal worms,
and within twenty-four hours had every
etc.
spear, either routed out or cropped
My
acquaintance with this species was in the late fall of 1912, at which time I secured a pair about eight months old,
first
and
set
them up
in a brass
bound
glass tank, 16" long x 10" wide xl l"high.
so
angry that they started
in
on the
vegetation in their respective quarters,
down
off^
and I noted that their color was changing from the reddish brown to a dccj), rich red about the head and stomach, and the green spots became very brilliant, or like emeralds. close
to the roots,
NOV 18
1913
AQUARIUM
THE
38
One Saturday morning home I noticed that the
before leaving"
was apparently over, and that the combatants seemed anxious to become reconciled. On my return at 2:30 P. M. I found to my great regret that the female had
made a
strife
deposit of eggs, covering a nearly
round spot about
'1"
diameter on her and the male was frantically trying to fertilize them.
side of the glass partition,
removed the partition with the eggs it and have kept it now for several months as a specimen. But very few of the eggs have fallen off, although no fixing solution was used to I
remaining on
secure them.
#
The growth of the had now become cjuite
scintillating jewels.
roe in the female
perceptible.
Fortunately
I
was able
to observe the
actual deposit of the eggs on the pot, as
The by swimming in
occurred on Sunday morning.
it
female
made
a deposit
above and just touching the spot for a few moments, then on moving to one side was immediately followed up by the male, who apparently circles
selected
fertilized the different deposits as fast
This deposit was
as they were made.
about the same
size as the
When
ly described.
it
one previous-
was completed
the pair took turns in hovering over the
The spawning time was now
and am pleased to state that there was no more scrapping. Within a week the fish were back to normal color, and did not molest the vegetation which had again
eggs and fanning with the pectoral
been planted. The next spawning occurred in April, 1913, when the tank was again nicely balanced. A flower pot 4" diameter at
the other
the wide end was prepared
over,
by knocking
out the bottom and
filing off
edges and placed on
its side in
the sharp
the tank with the wide end towards the front. At once both the specimens started in to clean
it
up, in spite of the fact that
had been most carefully scrubbed. During this time they both took on a beautiful red color, and the maneuvers of their mating were very interesting to watch. The male would start to swim around the female, and then she would start to swim around him, with the result that they were constantly swimming in circles. Then one would come in close to the side of the other and deit
with the
liver a love slap ofif
and strutting
playing
all
which were
the like
like
tail,
backing
a peacock,
dis-
emerald green spots one encrusted mass of
fins
coming over them and to keep silt and dirt from lodging among them. They kept up this process to keep fresh water
for forty-eight hours,
dug
little
one fanning while
hollows in the sand
the roots of some plants they cropped off. The temperature of water was about 75 degrees to 78 grees Fahrenheit, and the hatching completed in a little over ("0 hours. at
As
fast as the eggs hatched, the
were taken
in the
and deposited
mouths
of the
had the de-
was
young parent
one of these holall been removed from the pot, the parents again took turns in fanning the little group, which, fish
When
lows.
to the
mass
in
they had
naked eye, appeared
like a small
of agitated gelatine, bvit
on closer
inspection with a powerful reading glass
baby
the
On
fish
were plainly discernible.
the stomach of each
I
could see the
yolk-sack of the egg which
furnishes
nourishment for the little fellows until they are able to swim and hunt their
own
food.
took about four days for them to absorb the yolk-sacks, during which time each little individual fish kept up It
THE
₏•
AQUARIUM
a constant wriggling, which caused the agitation of the jellyHke mass.
During these four days they were repeatedly carried from one sand pocket to another in the
mouths
of the adults,
and on the fifth morning, which happened to be bright and sunny, the tank seemed to be literally alive with baby fish out for their first swim under the chaperonage of the female, who seemed to watch over them with most pronounced maternal attention, and if one seemed to be in any difficulty she would take it in her mouth and spit it out again in a portion of the tank where conditions seemed to be more favorable. She was able to hold their attention and govern their movements by swimming backward very slowly, causing them to follow by frequently stopping and strutting. In the evening I found them to be carefully herded in a close group and tucked away for the night in one of the sand pockets, like a lot of little helpless children with their mother standing guard to protect them from danger.
From
the time they started to
swim
oi)
young were three weeks old, the mother showed her maternal instinct by taking this milky substance into her mouth and apparently masticating it, then spitting it out in fine particles which the fry greedily devoured.
When
the
young were one month
old
the mother was removed, and from that
time they were able to take care of themselves. I
get the best results in spawning this
variety
by not using
by pro-
ariators,
viding plenty of vegetation and placing the tank in the sunlight so as to obtain a good growth of Algea.
Under no conditions should silt or off during spawning
sea-
accumulation seems to
set
be syphoned son, as this
dirt
up the condition most favorable to the young when they are big enough to take care of themselves.
The
Effects of Inbreeding (Coiitril)Uti-d)
Everywhere in nature are evidences of a pronounced antipathy to self-fertilization and inbreeding. While it is true
the male began to lose interest, and soon resumed his old color, and, as on the
that desirable characteristics can be de-
day after the babies' first swim caught him indulging his canibalistic appetite, I removed him to other quarters. The tank containing these specimens was in a window with south exposure, and by the time they could swim nicely there was a good growth of Algea; Infusoria also had developed, on which the babies fed, and their growth was
it is
third
I
very rai)id. During all this time the female was fed largely on tish worms, scraped raw beef, or dried shrimp, a ration which the babies were too small to touch, but on my squeezing the milky substance from live
meal worms into the tank when the
veloped and perpetuated by inbreeding,
always at the expense of vigor, and
results in the degeneration of other parts,
and even
Cross-breeding with-
sterility.
in the species, in contrast,
strain, be
increased
it
fish,
strength, vigor,
The mere
and
of
re-
any means
into
bird or beast, rapidity
size,
with the
new blood
sulting infusion of
growth,
fertility.
inter-crossing of different
lines of a species (unrelated individuals),
The advantage itself does no good. depends much upon the selection of inby
dividuals of desirable characteristics and"
stamina.
The
a good male
occasional acquisition of
fish
from another breeder-
should be considered a necessity.
Were
it
AQUARIUM
THE
40
possible to practice the line-breeding
Laws
not be so essential. Animals, having the power of loco-
power.
motion, and
free
move about from
to
place to place mingling with their kind, have not been provided with means to
prevent inbreeding. Movement, restricted only by the climatic and food requirements of the species, renders the liabihty of consanguinity very slight. Plants, however, have developed various
means
species bear the male
on
Many
to insure cross-fertilization.
separate
and female flowers
individuals,
or,
when a
species produces flowers of both sexes, or hermaphrodite (combination) flowers
on the same plant, the organs of the sexes do not mature simultaneously, thus making fertiUzation by another The pollen, or male plant necessary. element,
is
carried from flower to flower
by the wind
or insects.
Nature frowns with equal vehemence
upon inter-breeding The
or hybridizing.
of divergent species, result
is
usually loss
degeneracy and sterihty. More commonly, even though the individuals
of vigor,
may
be of closely related families, the attempt is productive of no result whatever. Anatomically, the animals may be very much ahke, yet the spermiatozoon of the male is unable to effect the ovum of the female. There are, however, instances where the offspring, while
and thus unable
sterile,
to reproduce their kind,
are yet vigorous.
The mule may be
as an example.
A
cited
hybrid has been
se-
cured by crossing the American bison (buffalo) with the domestic cattle that is said t6 be very vigorous. Exceptions,
may
be found to any rule, but when we oppose Nature, we have forces arrayed against us, the workings
of course,
of
which we do not comprehend.
Far
we
better that
plan of the poultry fancier, this would
of
^ the help of the
enlist
Nature than to controvert her
Goldfish breeders, working as they do with the very concentrated product of
make every
selective inbreeding, should to
effort
out-breed without losing the
aim
desirable characteristics they
to re-
tain in their stock with increased de-
The writer
velopment.
is
familiar with
the methods and stock of some of the breeders of the best goldfish in America,
and knows
well that inbreeding
is
un-
intentionally practiced to the detriment
Father and daughter are being bred together. Splendid developof their strain.
ment
is being secured, but on extremely low vitality and short
of fins
fish of
With the usual methods
lives.
of breed-
almost an impossibility not to inbreed. The fry are gradually assorted according to size without regard to parentage. Every breeder, sooner or later, by judicious selection of males and ing,
it is
upon a combination that produces a number of fry of excellent
females, hits
With
form. is
his desire for perfection,
natural, that
grown
when
this
same
it
fry has
to maturity, relationship not be-
he
will
mate
brother and sister together.
The
result
ing
is
known,
positively
very apt to be weaklings.
may
My
opinions
be disputed and considered mere
it will be hard to them, as pedigree breeding is scarcely possible with goldThe columns of the magazine are fish.
theory, but
adduce
open
1
feel
that
facts to offset
for a discussion of this subject.
The Diatomacea as Food
for
Fish Fry By W.
A.
POVSER, Hammond,
Ind.
Mr. Smith, in his interesting article on
Plankton and Nepton has indicated a
field
in the
which
June is
issue,
not only
^
AQUARIUM
T H E
a rich one for investigators, but one that of general interest to fish breeders as
is
The plant and animal
well.
of
life
which
plankton is formed, furnishes the first food of the newly-hatched fish and more
mature individuals this
is
many
of
species.
phase of the subject that
It
will
()00 feet,
a fact indicative of their great
age and long
As
life
period on the earth.
to the vast extent of such deposits
it
a fact worthy of notice, that the city of Richmond, Virginia, is built upon a strata of almost pure diatom remains, is
below the forming such de])osits is going on at the present time in the bottoms of our rivers and lakes.
in
some places lying The process
fifty feet
prove of interest to the aquarist who may not have the facilities or the inclination to study the purely scientific aspect of the problem. The economic and the scientific viewpoints are, how-
surface.
ever, closely related.
of
one of the many constituents of plankton, and has received a good deal of attention from micro-
present time, however, a more intimate
The diatom
scopists
in
is
recent
No
years.
greater
proof of its importance as a food for fish can be deduced than the fact that the scientist in quest of specimens loses no opportunity if examining the stomachs of mollusks and fish, for there it is that he is sure to find a goodly collection. Many a rare specimen has been added to the cabinet of the student by this means. The diatoms are a large group of plants, so very small that the aid of the microscope is necessary to reveal their diversity of beautiful forms. in
both fresh and
They
thrive
water; so abund-
salt
ant and widely distributed arc they that there
is
specimens
may
have existed of time
or ditch in
numbers
in vast
their
are found in
pond
which not be found. That they
scarcely a
silicious
all
parts of the world, fre-
quently in almost pure
which are
of
for a?ons
remains, which
fossil
deposits
utmost commercial Many dental and the action of which is
the
value, give testimony.
metal polishes,
abrasive, not chemical, contain as cutting material the remains of the diatom.
In
boring artesian
wells
these
fossils
have been brought up from a depth
of
of
Formerly, naturalists placed this famianimal kingdom in consequence
ly in the
movements;
peculiar
their
at
the
acquaintance with their nature and habacquired by the aid of improved microscopes and confirmed by chemical experiments, has resulted in their being
its,
transferred to the vegetable kingdom. The plant consists of a siHcious en-
velope of three parts, made up somewhat after the fashion of the old card-
with top and bottom They are of every joined by a ring. conceivable shape, all microscopic in
board
pill-box,
Their great beauty consists in the marking or sculpture of the envelope,
size.
which
is
greatly diversified in
pattern, some
si:)ecies
parallel lines so fine, that
measure but one inch
The
frustulcs
whether or not
in
9(),{)()0
of
them
breadth.
contain
it is
minute
its
being marked with
protoplasm;
structural
is
a ques-
tion that has been widely debated, as
has also the peculiar power of movement. Diatoms are able to jjroceed back-
ward or forward, with no visible means of propulsion, and after much discussion the ciuestion remains a mooted one. I have been informed that a method has been evolved to propagate diatoms as a commercial food for oysters, but no details on the subject are at present available. will
If
successful,
prove a great boon to
the discovery fish
breeders.
AQUARIUM
THE
42
rubber ball on one end.
Sheep Manure as a Cultivator By
FRANK
In a past issue of
J.
MYERS
The Aquarium
there
some investigating along this line, as I had always had very poor success with under certain conditions of years ago I had an eighty gallon aquarium built to fit into a square space containing three windows with The dimensions of western exposure. this aquarium were not what they should have been, the depth being too great in Sagittaria
Some
proportion to the width; besides it was full glare of the after-
subjected to the
noon sun.
filled
I
both
aquaria with water at the same time,
appeared an article on the advantages of using sheep manure as a cultivator for aquatic plants in the household aquarium. I thereupon decided to do
light.
#
Plants, with the single ex-
ception of Anacharis, never grew well in
aquarium. I tried Sagittaria many times with the same result; they never this
shot off runners, and gradually died out
each time.
and injected the aqueous solution among the roots in acjuarium No.
three times
About the third day,
um
1,
No.
I
in aquari-
noticed clouds of pulveru-
nebulous organizations ascending columns from the sand up to the surface of the water, and there spreading A microout into cloud-like masses. scopical examination proved this to be
lent,
in thin
composed of a
of countless
myraids of spores
certain fungus belonging to the
Phycomycetes. Let us now digress a bit The Phyfor a few words about fungi. called on (Alga-fungi) are so comycetes account of the fact that they resemble certain Algae more closely than other fungi, and are supposed to have been derived from the Algae, having lost their chlorophyll (sap-green) and power of independent living. Saprolegnia, spores
up two twelve gallon aquaria in the following manner: In No. 1, I placed a layer of sand about
2,
a week.
in
a
genus to which our
aquarium No.
1
belong, re-
sheep manure, just enough to cover the sand well, then about an inch and one-
semble certain Algae - Vaucheria and Cladophora so closely that connection The mycelium (working seems plain. body) is composed of cccnocytic hyphae (small thread-like filaments which have no partition walls dividing them into cells) the tips of which become swollen
half of clean sand over
and are cut
Accordingly,
I
set
one-half inch thick; then
sprinkled
this it
a
thin
layer
of
all.
over this|
I
pulverized
I
planted
aquarium with Sagittaria and placed
in
a strong west light, exposed to
the afternoon sun, a position identical
with that aquarium.
of
unsuccessful
the
large
off
by septa
(partitions).
Within these chambers numerous bicilate zoospores (spores with two cilia, which swim about in the water) are formed,
special syringe consisting of a thin glass
which after being motile for a short time, settle down and rapidly form new mycelia. This all strongly suggests Vaucheria and Cladophora. Now the genus of Saprolegnia which appeared in acjuarium No. 1 seem to be perfectly harmless to goldfish in good condition. After a few days these countless spores settled down and formed mycelia on the darker
tube about
portions of the substratum.
In
aquarium No.
I
2,
placed
two
inches of clear sand, planted Sagittaria
without adding the sheep manure ciding to feed these plants directly injecting
a
saturated
manure among the fifteen
by
of
the
by means
of a
solution
roots,
de-
inches long with a
—
T H E
#
In about ten days
A Q
the fungus be-
all
A R
L
Of Interest Regarding Gambusia
gan to disappear very rapidly, the water cleared beautifully, and
I
By W.
They increased with
pidity
—the
surprising ra-
water did not turn green
and conditions seemed eminently satisfactory. Then I introduced fish, which did well from the first. Now, after seven months,
in spite of
S.
HILPERT.
poor conditions, the
One
of
eries at Beaufort, N.
by
much
exactly similar results, only
slower and with more work, as
the plants had to be fed continually.
recommending the sheep-manure method to anybody who is troubled with a poor growth of plants, provided the aquarium is set up as I have suggested. I
do not hesitate
Now,
in
in conclusion, a
few words about
Daphnia.
Some time since, I wrote an article The Aquarium, on the propagation
for of
Daphnia,
them on sions.
I
in
which
I
suggested feeding
hay infuhave recently come to the coninfusoria raised in
clusion that the very best
employ is
in raising
Daphnia
medium
to
in quantities
either Spirogyra, Cladophora or Zyg-
nema. Since September 10th, 1912, I have raised, in a twelve gallon aquarium, sufficient Daphnia to supply one dozen large fish with a liberal feed once a week, and my start consisted of about a quart of Spirogyra and Cladophora. These Algae have been growing and furnishing the young and old Daphnia with plenty of food ever since. I see no reason why a breeder cannot breed Daphnia enough to raise his young fish on if he uses Spirogyra and a sufficiently large tank, making the start in the fall.
C,
is
that reported
of Iowa, in "Science," vSept. 19th, 1913.
Dr.
Kunz's studies were devoted to
the morphology of the reproductive or-
in
me
at
Dr. Albert Kunz, of the University
gans of Gambusia
Aquarium No.
summer
the Laboratory of the Bureau of Fish-
my
2 gave
III.
the most interesting studies
carried out during the past
plants are thriving and multiplying in
80 gallon aquarium.
Chicago,
noticed young
shoots of Sagittaria beginning to showup.
M
U
I
affinis
which abounds
the vicinity of Beaufort, in
all
the
fresh water streams entering the harbor.
His
eflforts
were especially directed to
the structure of the apparatus controlling the modified anal fin in the
Gambusia.
"This
us, "functions as
fin," the
male
report tells
an intromittent organ
and is controlled by a powerful muscle which has its origin on a boney process projecting ventrally from the fourth to the last abdominal vertebrae and the modified anal spines of the proximal end The third, fourth of the anal fin rays. and fifth rays of the fin are enlarged, greatly elongated and variously curved, bearing short spines on their distal portions.
The interhemal which
with the third ray ficiently
is
articulates
enlarged and suf-
elongated to articulate with the
two anterior processes, on which the muscle controlling the anal fin has its The fifth ray may be drawn for-
origin.
at one side of the fourth and brought into proximity with the third. In this manner a groove or tube is formed through which the milt is transferred from the male to the female."
ward
"The history
utility of the
possessing
study
in
natural
be recognized by anyone
will
even rudimentary ideas of Milne-Edwards,
the science."
THE AQUARIUM THE A Q UARIU M
@
44
Those
who have
of our subscribers
writ-
ten us concerning the non-arrival of the
Issued in the Interests of the Study, Care and Breeding of Aquatic Life monthly
Published
except
July and
August
at Chicago, Illinois, by the Aquarium Societies of Brooklyn, Chicago, New York, Philadelphia, Boston, Milwaukee, Minneapolis.
magazine will find our explanation here. If you have any criticisms to make, please send them in to the editor. He will always be glad to entertain a just complaint, and to remove the cause of it if
Send
all
manuscripts,
exchanges, books for review, etc., direct to the Editor-in-Chief; remittances to the Treasurer; all other matter to the Business Manager
possible.
there are
If
any particular
subjects you would like to see treated in the
columns
of
The Aquarium,
a
letter to that effect will be appreciated. Editor in Chief, 8 S. Dearborn St.,
-
Business Manager,
-
-
-
- j
-----
6100 Ingleside Ave.,
Treasurer,
-
428 W. 66th
St..
-
I.
-
-
GAGE
At the same time, we want to impress upon you the fact that The Aouarium is your magazine. It will be no better than you make it by your support. If you derive benefit from some
111.
ACKERMAN
J.
-
Chicago,
FLOYD -----
-
\\[
Chicago,
-
111.
YOUNG
S.
Chicago,
111.
appear in its pages, do not overlook the fact that each one can help by writing short articles concerning experiences with any particular species of fish or any special form of apparatus. These articles will be of advantage to your brother aquarists, and will give to the magazine the personal element, which is so desirable. Do not hesitate because your article seems to you to have no merit, or because you think you have no aptitude for writing. of the articles that
Circulation Dept., 253 Sibley St., - -
-
Subscriptions, $1
W. B. HOFFMAN Hammond, Ind.
-
Single Copies, 10c
Advertising Rates upon Application
-:-
Vol.
-
-:-
October, 1913
II
No. 5
Since the publication of the last issue steps have been taken, which we trust
do away with many annoyances of As we have explained to our readers, none of the staff receive any
will
the past.
financial returns for their work.
We
do
this cheerfully, for the sole purpose of
furthering our
hobby
It is for this
reason that
in a scientific
way.
we
com-
are
pelled to ask your indulgence for a little longer, until we get matters in such
shape that we can publish this magazine on time. We regret this necessity, but it
is
the.
only means by which
Aquarium can
Tun
and continue to be of value to subscribers and advertisers. The loss of our editor, and a change of pubUshers at the same time, left us in a live
rather unfortunate position.
now been make up for
This
diffi-
culty, however, has
obviated,
and we hope
lost time.
to
The material vised and put
will
be carefully
all
re-
into shape for the printer.
Now a special word We want you all to
to the advertisers. feel
that you are
we have your confidence we cannot have the greatest measure of success. You have been patient with us in our difficulties, and we appreciate your forbearance. getting value received.
The business manager
Unless
is
constantly in
touch with the trade, and will be glad to answer any inquiries concerning his particular province.
everybody a
We
want to give we invite any communicate with
sejuare deal;
with grievances to
the Business Manager. At' the
same time we must have some
THE
#
A Q U A R
rules for the guidance of advertisers.
the
In
we do not send advance advertisements. The sizes of
place,
first
proof of
type and kindred matters will be kept just as near to the advertisers' desire as
but we must have a little leein view of contingencies. We re-
possible,
way
serve the right to blue-pencil advertise-
ments which do not conform to our standards, but any such changes will be
We
indicated before publication.
will
not accept flamboyant or spectacular advertisements.
We
if
reserve
also
payment
right of requiring
the
The Acjuarium Society
of
Nov. 13th, 1913, they
will
hold a public
auction of various varieties of plants,
fish,
water
and implements pertaining to
be held at the German-American School House, Sherman Ave., Jersey City, N. J., and should
aquaria.
This sale
will
be taken advantage of by fanciers as well as by amateurs desirous of adding
wells are freshwater lobsters or cravfish, often called crabs by the boys. If an observer sits quiet for a time near these
may see a claw carefully raised out from the hole and then several pairs of legs follow, together with two of bead
D.,
Kalamazoo, Mich.
In wandering about the lowlands, an
may
often find a
num-
ber of small mounds, generally near the edges of ditches or streams. These Httle
If
the inhabitant of the tunnel
sees the least suspicious
movement, he drops back into the burrow, and only reappears after quite a lapse of time if at all that day. A new observer is sur-
—
prised to find that the
tunnels
is
maker
of these
the same creature that he has
often seen crawling about on the bot-
toms
of the streams
and ditches;
just a
smaller relative of the big lobster that eat.
It is
Crayfish *
observant person
soil from their burrows broad daylight, and the workers may be busy all day long in their underground abodes. The makers of these
we
to their collections.
By MORRIS GIBBS. M.
carrying out the
in
like eyes.
wishes to announce that on Thvirsday,
}.")
appear to work chiefiy at night. Still I have twice observed the sly laborers
New York
Auction Sale
M
It is very difficult to discover the well digger at work, for these little fellows
heaps, he
necessary.
L
the thoughtful observer they are ever as ource of instruction and interest.
advance
in
1
probable that these wells are be-
gun at the top, l)ut I cannot learn that anyone has seen the beginning of a tunnel.
Then, as the well gets deeper, the brought up and deposited at
pellets are
the sides, and in time these accumula-
form walls at the sides of the well and take the form of chimnevs. The
heaps vary from three to six inches in height and are sometimes nearly a foot
tions
and are made up of small pelIn the centre of lets of mud and clay. inch or more in dieach is a hole of an outlet or inwhich serves as an ameter,
limey nature of the material found in the deeper soil in the lowlands causes
across,
let for the little architect
the well.
who
inhabits
These Httle tunnels or wells
by the ignorant and unobservant to be snake holes, and they are avoided by timid children or broken into bv the bolder ones, but to
are generally supposed
the pellets to stick together in such a
manner that
mud
the result
is
t|uite
like a
chimney.
These Ivmnels always lead to water which is generally found at a depth of two feet or less, but at times the well is
all
of four feet deep.
Reprinted from Ike Atlantic Coast Natura/ist.
fr
AQUARIUM
THE
40
"^
COMMENTS AND
in the house,
how
have worms
to
of the bricks,
to care for sunfish to feed them.
and what
W. Prepare
rectangular
a
B.
Wright.
all
glass
tom, and plant one-half of this surface with any of the water plants advertised
A
tank about 15"
long, 10" wide and 11" high would be large enough for four, three-inch sunfish. Feed once a day, preferably in the
morning, with any of the standard advertised foods, alternating twice a
with either scraped "lean"
raw
will find
for feeding
raise
lift
ofF
one
up the board, and
them on the
surface.
Do
not dig up or disturb the contents of the box more than is absolutely necessary to supply your requirements.
or
metal bound tank, with about a 2" layer of well washed lake sand in the bot-
in this publication.
and mix thoroughly with When you wish
in the jacket,
you
Please advise
cold potato that has been boiled
the top layer of earth.
QUERIES
^
Every sixty days
casional sprinkling.
mash a
^
week
beef, or
A Common
Mistake
An aquarist can scarcely make a worse mistake than that of adding colder water to that which is in his aquarium. The sudden change of temperature refrom such a course of action, almost invariably cause the fish to take cold. The glands of the skin which secrete the natural waterproof covering of the body become inflamed and emit an sulting
excessive
amount
of slime,
which turns
than the fish will consume daily; the quantity can only be determined by ob-
body a fungus appearance. The gills become congested, and in advanced stages the tail and fins shred and crumble away, and the fish
servation.
soon
fish
worms, chopped
only care necessary
if
is
very large. not to feed
The more
white, giving the
dies.
About the
How
can
I
keep
fish
worms indoors
over winter?
Get one or more empty Fels Naptha soap boxes from your grocer, and see that the sides and bottoms are securely nailed on. Put a 2" layer of black loam
bottom and distribute a good layer of worms over this then add other layers of earth and worms until you have three layers of worms and the upper covered with about 1" of earth. Next get three pieces of 1" board which when placed end in the
;
to
end
will
about cover the surface.
One
inch of the surface should be exposed Next around the edge of the cover. place a brick on each of these boards, and set the box in a moderately cool place
and keep the earth moist by
oc-
best treatment
is
to place
the fish in a strong salt solution for a
few minutes, taking care not to prolong the immersion to the point of exhausRepeat the bath once or twice a tion.
day
until the patient recovers.
do not think of a book on the subject that emphasizes this danger enough; though many of them devote much space to fungus, which is in reality so I
similar to the effects of chilling, that the
beginner often cannot tell the differand does not know what the trouble is. I remember well the trouble
ence,
I
used to have.
I
think
it is
safe to say
that at least two-thirds of the death-loss A to amateurs is due to this cause.
dairy thermometer will prove a useful
and inexpensive aid to any aquarist.
SOCIETY BULLETINS Brooklyn
Aquarium
Regular meetings 2nd
&
4th Tues. in every month except Tulv & Aug. at Fairchild Bldg. 702 Fulton St., at 8 P. M. Initiation Fee, $1.00 Annual Dues, $2.00
Grove Geo. W. Post, 52 Herkeme Harry Roessle, 116 Harman Theodore P. Fritz, 805 Halsey
Dr. I'rudhrick Schneider, 64
President
Society
Vice-President
Corresponding and Recording Sec'y Treasurer Library Local Editor Local Business Manager
Street Street Street
Street
J. SchwEICKERT Frederick Schneider, 64 Grove Street
Dr.
Owen
H. Smith, 702 Fulton Street
Chicago Fish
Fanciers' Club the Regular meetings on Second Wednesday at 809-12 City Hall Square Building, 127-139 North Clark St., at 8:30 P. M. on 4th Wednesday where announced.
President Vice-President Secretary Treasurer Acting Librarian
Young, 428 West 66th Street Preusker, 457 North Avenue W. B. Hoffman, Hammond, Ind. Carl Fossetta, 1341 George Street F. G. Orsingek G. Orsinger, 123 S. Oakley Boulevard 1408 Kedzie Avenue J. Borgstrom. Jr., F. S.
Dr. G. A.
Local Editor Local Business Manager
F. C.
$1.00 $1.00
Initiation Fee,
Annual Dues,
The Aquarium Society Regular Second
meetings
on
the Thursday the at German -'American School, Sherman Ave., Jersey City, and on the Fourth Friday at the American Museum of History, 77th Natural St. and Central Park West, New Nork, each month except CorreJuly and August. sponding membership, $1.00 Annually. Initiation Fee, $1. Dues, $2
Philadelphia Society
Aquarium
Regular meetings on the Fourth Wednesday, at 1414 Arch Street. Initiation Fee, $1.00 Annual Corresponding Dues, $1.80. Membership, $1.00 Annually.
Milwaukee Aquarium Society meetings on First at 105 Grand Ave. Initiation Fee, $1. Dues, $1.20
Regular
Monday
Minneapolis
Aquarium
Society
President Edw. W. Kierann, 22 Nassau Place, East Orange, N. J. Vice-President O. H. Smith, 23 Jacob Street, New York City Recording Secretary Arthur Osborne, 42 South St., Jersey City, N. J. Corresponding Secretary Herman Osmer, West New Brighton, N. Y. Treasurer H. A. Richtberg, 85 South 16th St., East Orange, N. J. Librarian Herman Hoffmeister, 165 Webster Av., Jersey City, N. J. Local Editor John Treadwell Nichols, Am. Museum of Nat. History Local Business Manager Carl P. Ording, 1931 Broadway, New York
President
H. R. Lippincott, Collingswood, N. J. Charles Paxson, 2534 N. 11th Street Hiram Parker, 224 N. Wilton Street L. M. Dorsey, Jr., 2219 N. 19th Street Wm. T. Innes, Jr., 1824 N. Park Avenue L. M. Dorsey, Jr., 2219 X. 19th Street
Vice-President Treasurer Secretary Local Editor Local Business Manager
Schenk, 105 Grand Avenue 31 10 Grand Avenue Geo. J. C. Steffen, 950 First Street Rev. Paul Roth, 2602 Prairie Avenue August W. Pollworth, 1816 Wright Street W. A. Brye, 304 Fifteenth Street
President Vice-President Treasurer
C. G. B.
August Grau,
Secretary Librarian Local Business Manager
I'resident
Treasurer Secretary
Boston I'rcsidcnl
Aquarium
Society
Secretary
Treasurer Initiation Fee,$l An'l Dues,$l
Tappan, 92 South 7th Street
F. L.
W. Franzen, Curator Museum Pub. Library Mrs. Anna Essene, 3421 Longfellow Ave. South J.
Chas.
Tenxant Lee, W. Alden, 15
Franklin A. PacKvVrd,
IS .School St.,
Dcdham, Mass.
Bloonitield St., Boston, Mass. 5
Perry
St.,
Cambridge, Mass.
.
Aquarium Book Herman
T. Wolf's
''Goldfish Breeds
work
and Other
THE
Terminal Pet Shop Importers, Breeders and Dealers in
Aquarium Fishes"
Japanese Goldfish and Tropical Fish
the standard authority. Tells all about breeding fancy goldfish and treats in a practical way on all aquarium and terrarium sub240 beautiful illustrations. jects. Price, postage prepaid by us, $3.00
is
Fish foods, plants and aquaria Pets of every description
Booth No.
INNES & SONS
and cages
Birds, seeds
Burnett's Japanese Fish
Food
Concourse
i8
HUDSON TERMINAL BUILDINo NEW YORK
Twelfth street, Cor. Cherry, Philadelphia, Pa.
Prices cheerfully furnished for special sized aquariums
OF GREAT INTEREST to EVERYBODY My
long-promised Book on Tropical Fish in order to be able to include recent data on new and very interesting species, such as Pterophyllum Scalare, Gasteropelecus Steliatus and Fasciatus, Ambassis Lala, Myletes Species, etc. All these fish are in my Aejuaria under study now, as also hundreds of others, as my l)ook is to be a record of personal observations and life studies. I ask the kind indulgence of those who have already subscribed and invite correspondence from jjrospective subscribers and from all who
Ask your
Has been delayed
dealer for the
Lindemann Cage STANDARD
The
Manufactured and sold
O.
desire rare fish cheap.
L
BRIND, F.Z.S., Aquarist, 500 Isham
F. L.
St.,
of Rare and
only by
New
CO.
York
New York
Get A%.\1 Pet
TAPPAN
Dealer and Breeder
to the trade
LINDEMANN &
Free Literature on request on Fish, Supplies. Aquaria, etc.
W.
for
Fifty Years
Fancy Fish
To Keep You Company During Winter Months
!
Long-eared Sunfish
Goldfish
A pretty Canary, bright as a su.ibeam, active as a cricket, fills your home with music and your heart with gladness. He j
Gir^rdinus reticulatus
Mexican Swordtail Girardinus guppyi Geophagus Platypoecilia maculata Gambusia holbrooki And many others
Paradise Fish
Chanchitos
FOUR-HORNED SNAILS
makes you feel life's worth living. Hundreds of pleased customers last year. They are real
{Ampullaria gigas)
Imported German CANARIES
deposit a mass of large coral-red eggs out of ttie water; the little snails drop into the water as they hatch.
Send $l.oofor
A
my new
practical fish in
92 Seventh
book,
Tested and guaranteed singers, obtained from the Germany, in shipping cage, each, $,). Imported females each $1, living arrival guaranteed; handsome brass cage $1. Parrots, gold fish, all kinds cages, etc. Large illustrated catalog free. Largest mail order bird dealers in the we-ld. Bird Book 25 cents. IOWA BIRD CO.. Dept J DES MOINES, lA. best breeders in
"AQ_UARIA FISH".
work on care and breeding of the aquarium. Illustrated.
Street, South, Minneapolis,
Minn.
BEST COLLECTION OF
FANCY FISH
•.•
AQUATIC PLANTS
MILWAUKEE TRYPOD W.
C.
CO.,
457 Eleventh Street
MILWAUKEE. WIS.
EVANS, Manager
Manufacturer and repairer of aquariums. Dealer iij kinds of aquarium fishes and plants, Imported Japanese and Chinese gold fishes. all
Always on Exhibition Many years of experience has enabled me to malce a specialty of all aquatic life. My aim is to assist the student of Nature and rnake it possible for him to obtain the specimens he desires in a healthy and first-class condition.
"ENUF SAIDE. C.
Mention
.
.
315
W. Madison
Wholesale and Retail Dealer
St.,
Chicago
in
BIRDS AND ANINIALS
HERMAN RABENAU 1163 Myrtle Avenue Brooklyn, N. Y. Near Broadway New Shipments received Monthly. Prices Right AQUARIUMS AND ALL ACCESSORIES
VAHLE
QUARIUM
of artistic designs for particular people.
Gold Fish, Water Plants. Imported Catalog
THE PIONEER AQUARIUM MFG.
THE AQUARIUM when
writing advertisers
Siiails.
FREE. CO., RACINE.,
WIS.
Wm.
Paullin
L.
WOLF
425
PHILADELPHIA, PA.
ST.,
Importer and Breeder of
Rare
Aquarium Fish Grower of Finest Water Plants Fancy Gold Fish
Jacob C. Cassel 915 Arch
Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
aquarium requisites and Trade Prices
for Catalog
Aquarium Ornaments Aquarium Cement Aquaria Books
Fish Globes Fish Foods
Aquatic Plants
Gravel, etc.
Dip Nets
Shells Pebbles Choice Line of Fancy Goldfish
in Detroit
I\
Fancy Japanese Gold and Silver Fish Aquaria, Fish Globes, Foods and Plants, Birds and Cages Bird Seed, Mocking-Bird Food, Etc.
THIELER'S SONG REST(3RER Very lUst
in
33 Flatbush Avenue,
BROOKLYN,
FISH FOOD
of 40'7r
Daphnia
Mosquito Larva.
t
equally good for Gold or Tropical Fish.
The fins
act
Send
for Price List.
best winter food on the
and
Will develop color; also
healthy and robust;
will
and is the for Daphnia,
laxative
a
as
fine
makes your
best substitute It contains i J ingredients, also
Daphnia.
It will
not sour or
cloud the water. This food is used by the New York and Philadelphia Aquaria; also by many breeders in Philadelphia and other large cities Retails for 10
cents— Baby Food, 15 cents per box
Ask
voiir dealer fot
HARRY
P.
it
or sinil tn
PETERS
Warnock Street PHILADELPHIA, PA.
i2:o North
the Market
N. Y. F"ine
Teleplitiiie coiineetion
Mention
fish
Greenriver Fish and Baby Fish Food
Detroit, Mich.
THIELER DEALER
10'
Price, 15c a box.
fish
ROYCE & PASSMORE
C.
and It is
composed
is
market.
Aquarium
201 East Jefferson Ave.,
This food
Fish Food
Fish Globes
The Oldest Bird Store
Egg dropping Etc.
HATCHERY
PAULLIN'S
Handle Everything iz Aquarium
A
Live bearing fish Egg laying fish
fish
Try a box of
Floral Terra Cotta. etc.
We
All Kinds of Tropical Fish
Etc.
Aquarium Ornaments
all
Telescopes
Nest building fish Mouth breeding fish
AQUARIUMS
Send
Japs
Fringetails
Bubble nest building
.Maiuifaclurir of
Gold Fish and
Veiltails
THE AQUARIUM when
young
Frinije and Broad-Tails, good color $1.50 per dozen and up
writing advertisers
MMM§
m\
WATERPROOFS #>
IMPERVITE
4029 Ȥ'So88 Ol6i5
Wnere Uthers
IflPERVII
^
J
Fail
a pure Asphaltic Paste that contains no Soap. It is absoOrdinary W'aiirproojing Cotn^ouvds contain soap. They (in'c a tcm l^or'try waterproofing just as soft soap would do. % yf jf It does not reduce the Strength Impervite mixes easily with water. .Sm;/' compouiids do (if Mortar or dclav the vSetliiii;. You will then re"Impervite Pointers"? A ^4-inch Impervite facing will adhere to ceive gratis four interesting and valuable the inside of walls even where the water presbooklets on: sure is from the outside. I heory of the I'arious Waterproofing ^lethods. We guarantee that Impervite will make /'nil Directions /or Waterproofing Against Pressure. Cement .Mortar aljsolutely waler])roof. Description of Some Interesting Jobs. Ho-tv to Make Waterproof. Non-Cracking Stucco. Why not write a postal today, askint; for p
r
lutely
is
permanent.
JH JY
STANDARD PAINT COMPANY, New
Aquarium Specialty Co. WASHINGTON NEW YORK CITY
1827-31
Crystal
halterbeck
j. j.
CYPRESS AVENUE
251
N.-W. Corner 138th
AVE.
Aerator and
Street
NEW YORK CITY Importer
MAKERS OF THE Rogers
I
York
-
Breeder - Dealer
Filter
SELL
LARGEST IWANUFACTURERS OF Aquaria,Terraria, Vivaria and Aquatic Cages, Mouse and Frog Houses
--
BUY
--
EXCHANGE
Rare and Fancy Fish and Reptiles
BREEDERS OF Fringetail Japanese and Chinese Telescopes and of Red, African and Japanese Snails Importers of Foreign and Tropical Fishes.
CULTIVATORS
OI"
Sagittaria Natans and Gigantica and of
TROPICAL FISH A SPECIALTY
Plain Facts! Large Importation of Foreign Fish every month New Varieties with each Shipment More than 3,000 Tropical Fish Sold in
vSingle-rootcd Luchvigia IMullcrtti
Why?
Exchanges ronsidered
See
Correspondence solicited
AQUARIA
my
Ad. in The Aquarium next month
N. State Street
of
kinds
Auburndale Goldfish Co. fNot Incorporated
CHICAGO, ILL.
1449 West Madison \V rile for Price List
Mention
all
Aquaria Tanks Fish Globes Ornaments, Etc.
Birds, Cages, Seeds, Etc.
114
Aquarium Plants
rmported Goldfish
SUPPLIES
KAEMPFER'S BIRD STORE
Four Months
THE AQUARIUM when
Send
for Ciitaloj;
St.,
Chicago,
;ui<l 'rr^idc
111.
Triocs
writing advertisers Pbess n(
WM.
H.
Pom
Pir,.
Aloe.
Co..
626
S. Ciark Si.
Chkaco