^b.^^T llwnr,
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Jacob C. Cassel 915 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa Manufadurey- of
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and
AH
all
aquarium
Send
Fish Food
requisites.
for Catalog.
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Steel
Angle
Frame,
On
the Inbreeding of Fishes JOHM LEE BENNINGTON
Owaed
Blue Calico Telescope Goldfish.
Everywhere
in
nature are evidences
of a pronounced antipathy to self-fertiUzation
and inbreeding.
While
it
is
true
that desirable characteristics can be de-
veloped and perpetuated by inbreeding, it is always at the expense of vigor, and degeneration, and even sterility sult.
in contrast,
of
may
re-
Cross-breeding within the species,
with the resulting infusion into any strain, be it fish,
new blood
bird or beast, strength,
growth.
means
vigor,
the preservation of
fertility
The mere
and
rate
of
intercrossing of dif-
(unrelated indiwithout considering other involved points, will not necessarily work good. The desired result will be depend-
by A. A.
Phillips, Jr
stamina.
The means
plants
have
insure
to
developed cross
various
fertilization.
Many species bear the male and female flowers on separate individuals, or, when a species produces flowers of both sexes on the same plant, or bears hermaphrodite (combination) flowers, the male and female elements do not mature simultaneously thus fertilization by another ;
plant of the species
is
necessary.
The
(male element), is carried from flower to flower by the wind or by in-
pollen
ferent lines of species
sects.
viduals),
having the power move about from place to place, mingling with their kind, have not been provided with means Movement, reto prevent inbreeding.
ent
upon the
selection of individuals
em-
bodying the desired characteristics and
Animals
in nature,
of locomotion, and free to
;
^aquatic Uttc
124 stricted only
by the climatic and food
re-
quirements of the species, renders the possibility of consanguinity very slight.
When
brought into
these animals are
with
domestication, finement,
it
con-
incidental
its
becomes necessary to add
new blood from time
to time after the
second generation has attained maturity. Goldfish fanciers, working as they are with the very concentrated product of selective inbreeding, should make every characteristics they aim
species is not new to the collection, then each male and female should be mated to a home-bred fish. In thus proceeding, nothing will be lost, but much may be
gained in vigor,
Alfaro C.
With
methods of the average breeder, it is almost an impossibility not to inbreed, this because the young fish are assorted the
fertility
and
size,
other
conditions being favorable.
the
losing
stock with increased development.
in
breaking them and mating the male of one to the female of the other. If the
to retain in their
without
outbreed
to
effort
ready represented in your collection, to secure two pairs fron' difl'ercMt soiuxes,
Amazonum J.
HEEDE
This live-bearing tooth carp superresembles the young of our common shiner, though it attains but a
ficially
the rearing tanks according to size,
regard
without
parentage.
to
Every
fancier sooner or later, by fortunate se-
upon
lection of breeding fish, hits
bination
that
produces
a
young of excellent form. sire
these
speci-
reach maturity, he will be very apt
mens to
when
perfection,
for
com-
a
number of With his de-
mate brother and
sister together as
it
will not be possible to positively determine their relationship. Few breeders
have a
number of rearing tanks spawn distinct from hatching to that when the fu-
sufficient
to kee]) every lot of
the tmie of
ture
breeding
for this sible.
are
fish
The remedy
tion of a
segregated, and
reason line-breeding is
is
impos-
the yearly acquisi-
few good specimens from other
length of abovit two inches, the female
body is light bluish-green; upper part of head with some black punctation black line on side of body from middle to base ;
of caudal
This
subject of inbreeding
impor^-ant to the fishes.
is
equally
fancier of the exotic
Such species are usually purchas-
ed in pairs, and,
if
not imported wild
This
stock, are apt to be related. ticularly liable to pertain
if
is
par-
the fish be
a rare one or a species seldom bred. fancier
who
A
succeeds with a "shy breed-
fin
;
fins
very light yellow
fish is a rather
shy inhabitant of
or
disturbance
will
hide
raciousness,
young.
make
it
difficult to
a species not al-
save the
A
temperature of 70 to 85 degrees Fahrenheit, should be maintained. Alfaro is a South American fish from
Amazon
hence the name amazonum. based on a local name.
when buying
the
Its
the
wise plan,
among
remarkable ability to penetrate dense growths quickly, and its voplants.
brother and sister as a "pair."
a
co-
the aquarium, and at the slightest noise
er" has no other course but to dispose of It is
;
pulation organ of male golden yellow.
fanciers.
The
The
being slightly larger than the male.
river
and
its
tributaries
Alfaro
is
—
; ;
t-
-'f
THE GIANT DANIO WALTER LANNOY BRIND,
Z.
F.
S.
I
The
Danio
truly magnificent Giant
is
In point of size the largest
each.
I
have
a native of the Malabar coast of India
seen
measure four inches over
gorgeous coloration is sufficient to make one think of its home The ground the land of the Rajahs. color of the sides is superb metallic turshining emerald green in quoise blue
have
five of this size at the present writ-
one glance
at its
—
;
Along
certain lights.
the sides are three
horizontal golden stripes
extending from
above the ventral fins, becoming at this place vertical and zigzag bars, and broken blotches of .gold. These vertical zigzag markings are
the
tail to
a point
more numerous on centre of the
tail
the
female.
of the male
is
The dusky-
stripes blackish, with reddish golden above and below the dark central streak lest of tail and anal, reddish salmon:
ventrals
similar
pectorals
clear
in
color,
but
greyish-white
lighter ;
dorsal
dusky transparent grevish-white with an indistinct white upper edge divided oft' by a dusky streak. The female has the dusky central portion of the tail running upwards towards the tip of the upper lobe, and the golden stripes above and below it are not so pronounced. The warm salmon-red diffusion on the tail, other fins and belly of the male during breeding time is hardly apparent on the female, which is more of a pale greyish The females have a color on the fins. deeper abdomen and a higher back, and on this account the golden stripes seem more separated. The line of the back of the female from the head to the dorsal fin is curved, whereas that of the male is
almost straight.
hence tail
to
The sexes
of this
are rather hard to distinguish,
species I
have gone into considerable depoint out the characteristics
of
ing, all
all.
I
imported specimens.
Daiiio malabaricus has been bred by aquarists of my acquaintance, but I can-
not so far lay claim to that distinction.
The main requirements propagation
are
for
plentiful
successful
sunshine,
a large aquarium, high temperature (86 to i
f
—
—
Aquatic
126
fiitt
was now
of the eggs will have been devoured by
by.
the adults.
tunately, did not have long to wait ere
The youngsters, after the yolk-sac has been absorbed, must be furnished with abundant Infusoria water plenty of it. After a week or so, as they grow larger,
their origin
they can be given the finest powdered gradually with insect food, followed
Daphne and Cyclops.
tiny
screened
the
temperature
enough the seen to
little
jump
If
maintained high fellows can be almost is
in size.
I
quite interested and, for-
was explained. The
build-
were the beetles. I discovered them at work on a third spire in the position shown by my sketch. The male, head downward, was partly submerged, while immediately above him the female, also head down, was discharging a continuous and scarcely discernable stream. The fluid, w^hich seemed to be gelatinous in consistency, unerringly found its mark ers
The Giant Danio, Danio malabaricns, the largest of the genus known to the is undoubtedly the handsomest our tropical aquarium fishes.
aquarist,
of
all
A
Chapter in the
Life -History of a Beetle
ERNEST LEITHOLF Last summer, while collecting in the of Pittsburgh, I secured two
vicinity
small aquatic beetles, a male and a feof the family Hydrophilidae. I
male,
was unable
to
determine the
species.
The specimens were elliptical in shape, the back olivaceous brown, and measured about three-eighths of an inch long. While under water, and in the sunshine their
abdomens, covered with a thin film air, sparkled and glistened
at the
gealed.
as
summit of the structure and conIn an hour the spire was as tall
the others, then both beetles slipped
back into the water.
Unfortunately
my
observations come
The
nest
was
of adhering
to a close at this point.
like silver.
soon after, and one of the In examining the beetles disappeared. wreck I discovered that the spires were hollow hence probably served as shafts to supply air to the eggs in the cocoon below the water surface from which
I
placed
containing a
destroyed
the
pair
in
an
yellow-bellied
aquarium terrapin, a
Cumberland Painted Turtle and a com-
mon
newt,
knowing
new
Diemyctyliis
viridescens,
mixed company the no least work the beetles were kept busy
that in this
arrivals
could at
harm. At first dodging the charges of the older inmates, but these soon ceased. Shortly after I discovered a white needle-like spire which projected about an inch and a quarter above the water and had its origin in a pouch resting in a cluster of Salvinia roots. Twenty-four hours later another spire appeared close
;
they rose.
(The color of the
beetle as well as the
type of egg-sac would seem to place in the
The
genus Helophorns.
spire
it
is
for the purpose of admitting air to the
egg mass.
The shape
of the tube
in the different genera.
hopes to and complete Editor) historv. Leitholf
beetle
.
difli'ers
This year Mr.
again
collect
this
his study of its Hfe-
;
• •
•••V • •• .#•
••
•
••••
Motes on the Salamanclers ANMA K. BEWLEY ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
The salamanders,
The
frogs and toads rep-
animals
vertebrate
resent the class of
holding a position between
the
fishes
and the reptiles. Formerly we called them amphibians, which implies that they may be found on land and in water, but now it is customary to refer to them
Red
Triton,
Spelerpes
ruber,
which may sometimes be confused with the red phase of the common newt, is not so abundant in the vicinity of the
as batrachians.
Twenty
more
or
species of salaman-
ders are found in Pennsylvania, being
by their differing
distinguished
struc-
and mode of living. They are much more numerous than the lizcolor
ture,
ards, since but five species of these rep-
are known to occur in the State. The Common Newt, Diemyctilus
tiles
id esc ens,
and
is
is
For
often sold in the pet shops.
such an inconspicuous creature astonishing
vir-
probably the most abundant,
number
has the
it
of eighteen
common
names, among them Red Eft, Spotted Triton, Water Newt and Mountain Lizard. Briefly described, this salamander is olive green or reddish above lemon ;
yellow below
;
a
row of
scarlet dots sur-
rounded by black rings along each side belly with small black spots, skin rough,
length inches.
of It
adult,
seems
and
three to
one-half
prefer an aquatic
existence, but should the
pond become
temporary shelter under stones or amongst decaying plant re-
dry
it
will seek
Here it awaits the filling of the pond by autumn rains. During its sojourn on land it may become red in mains.
color.
The eggs
are deposited
in
the
water and attached by the gelatinous envelope to submerged plants. is
provided with external
retained until inches.
it
The
larva
which are reaches a length of two gills,
The
Spotted Salamander
Photograph from
writer's
damp
home.
It
may
W.
Shufeldt
be looked for in
under the bark of falbeneath stones, or in springs.
The most frequent the
Amblystoma punctatum)
situations,
len trees,
is
(
by Dr. R.
life
species in this locality
Gray or Red-backed Salamander,
Plethodon einereus.
It
can be found at
!
128
^aquatic JLitt
almost any time of the year, under logs and stones in damp places in the woods. The eggs are deposited among moss or under the bark of fallen trees. While this
is
a strictly terrestrial species, the
young are provided with external though
they
have
no
use
for
gills,
them.
as the salamander has spots This creature was also thought to be
doctors
fire. Aristotle menmyth on hearsay, but Pliny ac-
withstand
able to
tions this
experiment and put a salfire. He remarks with
tually tried the
amander
into a
evident surprise that
powder
few days, and the young are then ex-
country the salamander
actly like the parents.
onous bv the
CKaracteristic Attitudes of the
Photograph from
life
their relatives, the frogs and and the fishes and reptiles, the salamanders hibernate during the winter. In Europe during medieval times the salamanders bore an undeserved sinister reputation. Many strange powers were
Like
One
little
in
by Dr. R.
W.
less to
our
own
thought pois-
is
illiterate.
to a
enlightened
It
seems need-
cinereus
Shufeidt
add that
all
our eastern species
are entirely harmless.
any attempt
Only one makes
at self defense.
Salamander, says Cope,
The Purple
snaps
but harmlessly and throws
its
fiercely
body into
contortions in terror.
animals.
of the old writers advises anyone
by a salamander to betake himself to the "coffin and winding-sheet," and adds that the victim needs as manv bitten
Even
Gray Salamander, PletKodon
toads,
ascribed to the inoft'ensive
!
was burnt
it
These, however, are absorbed within a
We gor
are not prepared to credit the Ban-
man who
says that fishes talk, but
we are willing to believe tunes when they laugh at
that there are
aquarists.
—
My
Witn Cameronensis
Experience CHARLES
cameronensis.
Haplochilus big
name
for sucli a
amusing
really
me
to
a
It
is
show my beauname
to
They never
for their benefit.
try to re-
Friend Wife, however,
after me.
it
now my
has invented a nickname, and
known Daddy Happy,
pets are
"Happy" family
as the
Mamma Happy
and the
Happies, and so long as this name
little
distinguishes this family it
What
fish.
friends and pronounce the
ties to
peat
little
H.
serves
purpose
its
ROHRBACH West Africa, in the Kamerun (Cameroon) hence the specific name cameronensis, meaning of Cameroon. The spe-
cies is a native of
French Kongo
and
;
cies will
breed in the aquarium during the
late spring
and summer, when the water
may
be maintained at a uniform temperature of about 75 degrees Fahrenheit.
The adhesive eggs
stick
to
the
plants
with which the tank should be abun-
from the others
well.
Among the exotic me pleasure
afforded
which have
fishes
to breed, this
Hap-
undoubtedly the most beautiThe brilliant colors, unusual shapes
lochilus ful.
is
make
of fins and supple body must
it
a
Without giving a lengthy description of colors and the formulae of fins and scales, the features favorite with anyone.
that attract attention are the lyre-shaped tail
with stripes of orange, purple, red
and blue
the
;
dark blue body spotted
with red; the orange-like pectorals, incessantly waving, and the blue eyes
always
alert
to
every
see
movement
Haplochilus cameronensis
within and without the aquarium. These brilliant colors
acteristics
of
and the the
lyre tail are char-
male.
The
female,
while of the same general shape, has a simple fan-shaped
and
tail
fins
of a very
ordinary greenish hue. In darts
still and merely waving the pectorals, or turning with head and body in a graceful curve,
ment, again stopping
like
habits of our
other favorite, the Paradise Fish, which,
however,
The
is
dantly supplied. ten
Period of incubation,
days to two weeks.
seem
They do not
to be difficult to propagate or
efforts
my
would not have culminated suc-
cessfully.
manner of swimming by quick with scarcely perceptible fin move-
its
cameronensis recalls
Photograph by Lee S. Crandall
much broader and
larger.
ichthyologist tells us that this spe-
My tanks, two of three gallons each, were well planted with Sagittaria subulata and Anacharis, and placed in a sunny situation so that algae formed quickly and gave the water a light green tinge, but not sufficient to render them From
unsightly. eight ing,
a
distance of
six or
have watched them courtfor they are shy in their love-makfeet
I
j^quatic JLitt
130
One would
ing.
of
that
when
timid are they
In courting, the male will
dart to and his mate,
direction
fro
and again head
in the
Nor Swimming
to tail.
unresponsive.
quietly than
same
her usual wont, she
is
my
about the snout of it
disappeared within
of the
my
little
—
prize until finally to help
now
beauties
make
one-
disporting in
tanks.
Enchytras
caressing the sides of
sometimes facing
lady
the
more
so
they find themselves under close
observation.
is
think they had partaken
apple,
first
Daphne less
is
probably the best food.
is,
of course, excellent, but un-
is
favorably situated to collect
one
the simple alternative of keeping a
it,
box of Euchytrae
is
The
preferable.
Happies will take dry foods composed of ground shrimp, flies. Daphne, etc., but really will not ihrive upon them.
On
page 123
is
shown
accurately
as
ors,
as
in natural colis
calico
telescope
goldfish
Mr. A. A.
lection of
specimen leaves
to
blue
from the
Phillips, Jr.
little
by
possible
mechano-photography, a splendid
col-
This
be desired in r/-/f^4
Haplochilus fasciolatus
seemed the
to enter into the very spirit of
This
play.
have observed with actual spawning it
I
The
great interest.
was not my privilege to see. During the late spring and summer changed
my
alternate
tanks,
pair
every
hoping
fortnight
by
this
I
to
pro-
cedure to save eggs that might be expelled unnoticed.
of August
I
During the
discovered fry
in
first
week
and as they were swimming freely they must have hatched several days before. From then on their growth was really quite rapid. During the following week a cup of "green water" was fed daily, then followed tiny Daphne, and by the first of September the little fellows were taking small Enchytrse worms. The eagerness and zest with which the babies enjoyed their meals was indeed tanks,
a pleasure to behold.
worm the
Haplochilus calliurus
one of the
Frequently a long would be taken by one end while
other vainly twisted and squirmed
development of body, color, eyes and fins. Mr. Phillips values the fish at one hundred dollars.
During the summer months "thin out" keep fewer fish in each aqurium. The water is warm and in con-
goldfish
—
sequence will not support as in
winter.
should
ice
Under
many
as
circumstances
be placed in the tank to reduce
the temperature, as
It is
no
the hard
is
jol:is
sometimes advised.
that
make
us.
;
Aquatic Hitt
The Aquarium Vacuum Cleaner
131
thorough
vacuum The Acton of
facturers
Company, manufamous tvmgsten lamp,
Electric
a
assured. light
in
its
work
cleaner
its
aquarium
as the
success
is
already
Aquarists should hail with de-
any device that makes labor
light.
has placed on the market an ingenious fill a long- felt want The euphonious name,
invention that will of the aquarist.
"Aquarium \^acuum Cleaner,"
in
itself
explains the purpose of the device, which retails
one
cents to
fifty
at
according to
dollar,
size.
members of
Several
the
themselves
firm,
practical aquarists,
came
conclusion
that
the
to
the
old
gree of intelligence in their actions.
fashioned
-
method
of syphoning
from the aquarium with a hose, or its tedious removal
pet
a single dip tube,
With
sumed
but a few
it
in
cleaning
bottom of
largest
is
merely
It
necessary
to
close
splendid
the
the
aquaria.
ians,
then
insert
the
the
Releasing the finger
rush of water, carrying the
will cause a
The operation
dirt
into the
may
be checked at any time by replacing
the finger.
reservoir.
To empty
only necessary to turn
We
have no hesitancy
this invention.
goldfish,
on
reptiles,
batrach-
native and exotic fishes,
The author evidently recognized the fact that even the most accurate drawing falls far short of a
photograph.
other in the aquarium with the orifice close to the bottom.
least interesting are the
chapters
and the care and management of the aquarium. Every illustration is from a
end of the tube with a finger,
to the highest.
—
Not the
galore.
con-
be
will
from the lowest
;
hence the vacuum cleanminutes
life,
Truly it is "everyman's" book. In it one finds the history, care and habits of the dogs, cats, monkeys, cavies, rabbits, rats and mice the birds pheasants, peafowl, pigeons, bantams, cranes, ducks, geese, swans, hawks, owls, parrots, canaries and other small cage birds
was an aggravation and could be improved er.
In
admirable volume the author conducts one through the whole gamut of this
sediment
wi'di
Pets: Their History and Care. By Lee S. Crandall. 372 pages, 138 illustrations from life. Every normal person has an innate love of wild things and a desire to have them about him. Few individuals have not at one time or another had a pet, and the term pet is an exceedingly broad expression, usually though not always given to forms of life evincing some de-
the cleaner it
it
is
upside down.
in
commending
Every reader should have
one.
in
nature.
to
fidelity
The
historical accounts of the various species
are of such interest that
many
readers,
whether they have pets or not, will read the book as a source of rare entertainment.
The work
is
at
once authoritative
and comprehensive, though the author has wisely omitted mention of such forms as are beyond possession by an individual.
The Acton Company informs tor that they have applied
photograph
the edi-
for patents
on an automatic syphon, and although it has not vet been examined, if it is as
and Care, on three pounds, and may be obtained from Aquatic Life Book Department. Pets:
Their History
costs $2.00, plus postage
AN
"
X*'
ALBINO FROG
Z
'
RICHARD DECKERT •••••••
•••••
••••
««««««««•«»••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••
Albinos, or animals lacking color pig-
ment in their structure, are not rare. Animals like the rabbit, guinea pig, rat and mouse have been deliberately bred to albinism for hundreds of years. Occasionally an albino horse, dog, raccoon
or
opossum
birds,
is
geese,
met with, and among
ducks,
pea-fowl,
guinea-
fowl, crows and sparrows there often are
of several species of frogs and toads in
which albinism occurs from time to time, is the first specimen recorded for America. The specimen referred to is a common pond frog (Rana clamitans), such as may be found in almost any brook, ditch, pool or freshwater swamp. Its color is a waxy yellow white on all upper
but this
true albinos.
Among
reptiles,
albino specimens of
the milk snake, garter snake and alligator have been exhibited in the Zoological
This year we are first time in the United States, an albino frog. This interesting rarity, for such it surely is, was captured by Henry Snyder, the son of
Park Reptile House.
able to exhibit, for the
our Head Keeper of Reptiles, at Scarsdale, Westchester County, New York, and by him was presented to the Zoological Park.
When
this
specimen
was seen
first
Albino Frog common
color phase to show the marked difference
with some normally colored green frogs, it was thought to be a diseased speci-
Photographed with
young collector wisely considered it worth while to take home the specimen and show it to his father. Mr. Snyder immediately realized the Out rarity and importance of the find.
eyes are brilliant red, with a narrow gold
men,
but
the
of the thousands of
frogs that during
surfaces,
and milky-white beneath; the
inches in length of head and body, and
therefore
not quite
was very
timid, darting
with nervous
no one who many handled has caught and otherwise
against the screen
reptile
collection,
number
of
thousands of frogs for quite a years ever previously has secured an The writer has realbino specimen. cently examined and has failed to
all
available
records,
any mention of an albino frog having been caught in the United States. Europe can show records find
is
female about two and three-quarter
the past fifteen years have been caught
for our
Our specimen
rim around the pupil. a
At around
adult.
agility,
bruising
first its its
it
cage
head
top and glass sides
whenever anyone came near it. After nearly three months of captivity, however, it has lost its nervous fear, and will come from its hiding place under the moss provided for it and hunt the roaches, mealworms and earthworms It will also sit which form its food. for hours on a
large
flat
stone in the
133
<aquattc JLitt centre of tent with
Of
cage, apparently quite con-
its
course, this frog
enjoying special
is
and we look forward
care,
moratus)
to keeping
it
for a reasonably long time.
(Reprinted by permission, with courfrom the Zoo-
tesy of use of illustration,
New
logical Society Bulletin,
York.)
in
our
collection, not to
more frequent albino
the
tion
surroundings.
its
men-
rabbits,
and mice, but for nearly half a we collected and handled large numbers of every known species of batrachians, we have never before seen an albino frog, nor have we read or heard that anyone else ever has rats
century during which
such a freak in frogdom. It may, however, be safely said that this albino frog is the first one on record. 7'he specimen enjoys good health in one of the smaller aquariums of the Institute, where it is admired by the students at their leisure moments. (The foregoing appears in the long noticed
An
Record
Earlier
At the end of September
a
young
stu-
dent of the Packer Institute, of this city,
which
told us of a curiously colored frog
or two before
had caught a day
she
near her country
When
Island.
home
Long was brought
at Orient,
the specimen
we
us afterwards for identification,
to
recognized
at once as
it
an albino leopard
frog {Rana halecma).
The upper
common
leopard frog
color,
in
part of the body of the
in
is
green or brown
both cases with a brilliant
bronze lustre
the two
;
folds along
its
back are bronze colored, standing well out
from
darker base
their
;
upon
its
back are dark, round spots arranged
two
lines,
in
while the upper parts of the
hind legs are ornamented with dark bars.
The specimen
in
question
is
a
fully
developed male, about three years 'he color of
from above,
all is
parts of
its
a brilliant
cream
the underside of the specimen
white
along
;
its
old.
body, seen ;
defunct
since
ium,
January, 1897, and was presumably written by the editor
and publisher, Hugo Mulertt. While it invalidates Mr. Deckert's assertion of priority, it in no way detracts from the value of the record, and America may now lay claim to albinism in two frogs, each the
first
be
confused
with
the
is
a larger
Mr. Mulertt's specimen is the Frog, which he calls
species.
common Leopard halecina,
pure
fallen
into
works
it
a
name
that
has since
and in more recent be found referred to as
disuse,
will
In his brief
legs the markings, characteristic to the
R. Virescens or R. pipiens.
appear indistinctly also in cream color, just a trifle deeper in shade they
description of the normal colors
can be made out by close inspection. The
the fact that the spots,
species,
;
eyes are of a beautiful pink.
Owing
to
the absence of dark colors in the skin.
the animal has a very delicate appear-
ance;
it
looks as
if
it
was carved of
ivory.
We
have seen albino deer, fox, squircats, raven, eel and years ago had an albino catfish (Amiurus marrels,
ferrets,
Rana
Bullfrog,
cateshiana, though the latter
Rana
back and on the hind
The
record for the species.
specimen described by Mr. Deckert is the Green Frog, Rana clamitans, which, by the uninitiated, is sometimes apt to
while
is
The Aquar-
magazine,
in the issue of
it
will
be noticed that he places emphasis on
two rows between They are and are round, always however, not. better described as "rounded" when considering a normal specimen, though variants occasionally exhibit round spots. However, it was evidently Mulertt's de-
the lateral
sire in this
that he
folds, are round.
connection to
make
it
clear
had not confused the specimen
—
—
134
Aquatic
:aquatic ILitt
jlite
yellow ribbons to Joseph E. Tyler Comets, blue, red and yellow ribbons to Charles Ehrmann. ;
An
international monthly magazine devoted to the study, care and breeding of native, exotic, gold and domesticated fishes, other animals and plants in the home aquarium and terrarium.
New Members: George Merkle and Addison T. McCarrick. The competition
POYSER JOSEPH E. BAUSMAN W.
A.
Editor Publisher
542 E. Girard Avenue, Philadelphia.
Entered as second-class matter, September 1915, at the Post Office, Philadelphia, Pa, under Act of March 3, 1879.
at the
next meeting,
June 20th, will be for novices. Any fish or any member having previously won a ribbon in any society will be barred. The Joseph E. Tyler Cup and ribbons will be awarded. Fred Richardson,
2,
Practical articles and notes on topics pertaining to the aquarium and terrarium are always wanted for Aquatic LiFE. Readers of the magazine are invited to join in making it a medium of mutual help, and to contribute to it any ideas that may occur to them. The pages are always open for anyone who has anything helpful and practical to say. Manuscripts, books for review and general correspondence should be addressed to the editor.
Aquatic Life has
the
largest
of
circulation
any magazine in the world devoted to this branch of nature-study. It presents to admarket that can be reached vertisers a through no other medium. Rates made known on application. Yearly Subscription Foreign Subscriptions
$1.00 1.35
Copy Payments may be made by money
Single
10
order, draft
registered letter. Foreign remittances should be by international money order. If local checks are sent, ten cents should be
or
added for
collection charges. Copyright 1917 by Joseph E. Bausman
Vol. II
June,
1917
Secretary.
Notes on Hybridization Crompton, of Duckabush, C. E. Wash., has reported interesting observaregarding the results of crossing
tions
the female
chum Scdmon Oncorhynchushumpback 0. gor-
keta with the male
huscha.
The
development was
normal with and the fry were very vigorou.i, smaller than chums, yet larger than huir.pbacks of the same In early development certain color age. changes were noted and the parr marks were retarded as compared with chum fry. An interesting fact was that two distinct color types became apparent at About onean age of about 25 days. small
percentage of
loss,
number strongly resembled humpbacks in their beautiful green coloring and absence of Parr marks, third of the
No. 10
the
Pickerel
while the remainder developed irregular
which has "scjuarish" spots on the back. That both specimens were collected in New York is
markings on the hack and parr marks on the sides, the general color deepening with age to a dusky green similar to that of the chums. Serious abnormalities occurred in later stages and many fish
with
the
somewhat
Frog, Rana
.paliistris,
interesting.
Editor.)
similar
good few hundred are retained
died, but the majority survived in
Philadelphia Goldfish Fanciers
The
regular meeting of the Philadel-
phia Goldfish Fanciers' Society was held
on
May
i6th, at
condition.
for
A
further
observation.
—
Fisheries
Service Bulletin.
8o2 West Girard avenue.
Annual competition for Shubunkins and Comets. Judges, George E. Wilt, George B. Smith and William Hartman.
Awards: Shubunkins.
blue,
red
and
At the annual meeting of The Aquarium Society of Washington, Commander D. W. Todd, U. S. N., was elected treas-
aquatic
Food Rings spreads over the surface of the water, sinks between the plants,
and may
To
cape immediate consumption.
come
gave these curtains a coat of "Muresco," with a very little pink tint.
later
aquarium food
In a thickly planted
135
JLitt
this difficulty aquarists use a
es-
over-
food
which may be had from dealers. Two forms made of bent glass tubing are usually to be had, and occasionally a deep round type of blown ring, several styles of
The
result
Courtesy Aquarium Stock
Glass Food Rings.
the
most desirable of
The
five
with the intense brought about by the curtains
line of direct light, yet
reflection
and retained the rich under ideal conditions. The Sagittaria was rich velvety green, which is seldom evident when strong light prevail:-.. This scheme may appeal to aquarium lovers who may have tanks so situated that abundant light is the plants thrived
natural
color usual
not possible.
glass,
was remarkable.
small aquaria wer-; entirely out of the
—
Henri Wagner.
J.
Company
all.
With
a ring the food can be confined to the
front of the tank, falls in one spot on
and
the bottom, fishes.
with
when
is
not apt to escape the
The surplus can be removed an Aquarium Vacuum Cleaner' it
seems advisable.
Light by Reflection For several years trouble with ficient
tanks
light.
to
my
my I
I
had considerable
aquaria due to insuf-
decided to remove the
front basement,
where
— "Are these genuine that The Sales Person — "No'm, not The
I
could conduct experiments without fam-
Here the light was admitr window forty inches square. I had one fifty-gallon aquarium and six smaller ones, ranging from six The first year to thirty gallons capacity. only the large tank thrived and it was directly under the window. The next season I moved it back five feet, put a ily criticism.
ted
by a
single
concrete tank under the window, and arranged the other five behind the large iquarium seven feet from the light. I then covered the joists
thirty-gallon
—
of the ceiling for a distance of ten feet from the window and across the entire
basement with bleached muslin sheeting, hanging curtains of the same material where the ceiling covering stopped. I
Shopper
goldfish ?"
at
price.
These are only
rolled plate."
The Essex County Aquarium of
Newark,
New
Jersey, held
its
Society,
second
annual exhibition, lecture and auction,
on April 25th.
The attendance was
re-
markably large and gave every evidence of appreciation of the addresses by Prof. Lothair Smith, of Newark, and Mr. Harvery A. Van Cott, of Brooklyn. Beautiful specimens of exotic fishes were shown by Messrs. Breeder, Ball, Storsberg, Kniep, Thomas, Ludolfif and Hoernig Lionhead goldfish by William splendid Black and Calico Feldman Broadtail Telescooes bv Dr. Bachmann. ;
;
â&#x20AC;&#x201D;
Aquatic HiCe
136
Dr. Coltorti, Messrs. Stief, Ludolff and
who never have
Springer.
males.
auction was exceptionally successand added considerably to the treas-
The ful
society contemplates holding
The
ury.
an exhibition during the latter part of September in the Newark Public Library Building to last a week. It will be open to
offered
and prizes
societies
sister
in
classes.
all
awards
knows how,"
the
worth while.
Max
G.
will
be
As "Newark will
be well
HammERSCHLAG,
The queen
wings, and occasionally
lays the eggs,
and the work-
tend them and care for the grubs
ers
These grubs
or larvae as they hatch.
are kept in groups or nurseries assorted
Other groups will be found composed of cocoons, and these
according to age. are
miscalled
the
"ants'
eggs."
From
these cocoons, with the assistance of the
workers, the perfect ants will emerge.
The time taken by
the grub before turnpupa or cocoon varies ac-
ing into the
President.
cording to the species.
Ants Eggs Not Ants Eggs For a long time the pupae of ants have been a favorite food for certain cage birds, and to a degree for aquarium The material may be crushed and fishes. fed to the fishes dry or mixed with other In the ingredients of a prepared food.
vernacular of the aquarist and bird fancier these objects are erroneously called ants'
eggs.
Before giving a brief outan ant, and to
line of the life-cycle of
understand tioned
that
clearly,
it
a
it
typical
may
be men-
insect
passes
through four distinct phases in its development from the egg to the nature form. The life-cycle begins with the
and then follows the larval stage (maggot, caterpillar, grub, etc., as vari-
egg,
ously applied to different classes).
When
the larva has reached full development
becomes quiescent, in some species forming a cocoon, during which period Not it transforms to the mature insect. the complete all insects pass through metamorphosis, and some, the dragonfly, for example, remain active during it
In
summer
great numbers of winged
males and females are hatched.
swarm nuptial
The
flight.
become queens and They either return
new
These
out of the nest and take a short
The proposed
females
to the nest or start a
The males soon
colony.
timore and
fertilized
strip off their wings.
die.
public aquaria for Bal-
Louis are still hanging fire. Chicago is forging ahead with its plans, and will be satisfied with nothing short of
St.
"the be^t
quarter-million
is
in
in
the
world."
A
sight for the build-
ing and equipment, while the maintenance has been assured. San Francisco has been saying little, but doing much. A public-spirited citizen has donated sufficient money for the building, which will be located in Golden A bill providing for the Gate Park. maintenance of the acquarium was approved at the last municipal election. Frisco has stolen a march.
Some
aquarists ride
journey of
life
horses' heads.
all
through the
with their backs to the They are always looking They are forever talking
the pupal state.
into the past.
There are numerous species of ants, each of which has some peculiar habit, but all are social insects and live in wellEach regulated communities or nests.
about the good old times, and how much better the goldfish were years ago. There
nest contains one or
more queens, nu-
merous workers or undeveloped females.
are no great goldfish now, and no real The very winters and sum-
breeders.
mers are nothing to what they used Do vou know this man? be.
to
"AQUARIA FISH" A
Otto Walter
work on care and breeding of Aquarium. Greenhouse and outdoor I'onds. Finely illustrated. Every one practical
Hsli
in the
Street :: Brooklyn, N. Near Evergreen Avenue L Station
86 5u3)dam
interested in keeping fish should seud for Price. $1. a copy of tlii.s book. roiir-IIorned Snails (Anipullaria Gigas) deposit a mass of large coral red eggs out of the water, the little snails drop into the water as they hatch. These snails are invaluable for destroying Hydra in the aqua-
Breeder and Importer of
TROPICAL & GOLDFISHES Telescopes
rium.
Thoroughbred
Pups,
Collie
TAPPAN
F. L.
GOLDFISH SPAWN From I.
X.
Choice Telescopes I..
E.
10c.
LORQUIN NATURAL HISTORY CLUB,
EVERYTHING IS FISH THAT COMES TO THE NET OF A NATURALIST Don't paddle
Our Magazine
U5f
^11 (?dcietU0
(BuiDe to iBature Will Help You
It is edited by EDWARD F. BIGELOW, who fishes in the heavens and earth, as well as the waters under the earth.
Four months'
:
Aquaria W. 60th and De Lancey
EDWARD
Street, Philadelphia
SCHMID
S.
Emporium
LIVE The
of Pets
Kinds of Goldfishes and Aquatic Plants
Water
year, $1.00
ArcAdiA
All Supplies
Plants
One
trial, 25c.
THE AGASSIZ ASSOCLATION
:
All
water with one hand and be blind with both words "keep your eyes open" (or all nature.
in the
In other
eyes.
lOc Postpaid George's Imperial Fish Food Box 10c, per pound 60c Dried Shrimp :
Street
PHILADELPHIA
Los Angeles, Cal.
Street,
GEORGE'S GOLDFISH SHOP
N.
WILT, 1519 M. 62nd
Monthly of the Southwest
Naturalist's
(133lDCi0t) of
Correspondence Solicited
PHILADELPHIA
published monthly b.v the Lorquin Natural History Club, and contains original observations of naturalists, Assiciate membership, iuof the West. pi.rticnlr.rly cduding snbstription, $1.50 per year.
West 23rd
Telescopes BLACK & CALICO
GEORGE
liS
1051
Fan-tails
Broad-tail
Box
WALP
NORTH 55TH STREET
LORQUINIA-The
Fine
per 100 Eggs
Regular and Baby Fishfood,
W. 1:509
& Japs, $2
Japs
AQUARIA, UTEMSILS AKfD SUPPLIES
7th Street, Minneapolis, Minn.
S.
Calicos
Dealer in All Varieties of Aquatic Plants All Kinds of Fish Foods Fresh and Dried Daphnia
beautifully
marked.
92
Y.
Lilies
712 Twelfth Street, N. W., Washington, D. Send for Catalog Taxidermy
C.
DAPHNIA
food for Dab;p goldfisK and tropical to ^our jloung and watch them grONW.
onl}? ideal natural
Feed it 50c and $1.00 per can. of the country. Remit
fishes.
Shipped by express bj)
stamps or
Frank Jenne, 231 Grand
St.,
money
to
any part
order.
Hoboken,
NT. J.
Use Regenia Aquarium Salts
BETTERCUTSAT ^Better Prices^ PROMPT SERVICE GUARANTEED
GOULD WILHELNCQ!!^' ARTISTS
44
»«
ENGRAVERS
N.4Xy
'«
PHOTOGRAPHERS
STREET PHILA.
SEND FOR SAMPLESa^^PRICES THEY WILL INTEREST YOU
To
replace tlie natural salts In your aqiiaras absorbed by the fishes and snails. Excellent for plants. Help the snails form shell. Benefits the flsh. B >x of S«ix PowFor sale at Pet Stock stores ders, 25c. iiiiii
Violet-Ray Fish
Remedy
Relievos Constipation, Fiinsiis, Tail Rot. Conuestiiin. Safe and effective. Box of Six Powders. 2.5e. For sale at Pet Stock Stores, or address
REGENIA CHEMICAL Station K.
CO.
Philadelphia
a RPTCT VPTX 13 12/0 X X IZ/ 1
The Brind
Line
»»
HERMAN RABENAU,
Brand
(Reg'd Trade Mark.)
Covers
EVERYTHING GOOD
Aquarist
PERMANENT DISPLAY OF
that
the Aquarist needs, namely:
& Tenraria
Aquatic Life must be seen
to be appreciated
Welcome
Visitors
Plants and Tropical Fish a Specialty
New
Importations of
Varieties received
regularly Myrtle Avenue,
1163
Brooklyn,
N.
Y.
Near Broadway.
"BEST-YET"
IUM
HEATED AQUAR-
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ium made).
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tice).
"BEST-YET" GLASS SCRAPER
ELGIN
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"BEST-YET" DIRT REMOVER Keeps Aquarium (METAL).
4.
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and won't
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"BEST-YET" PLANT FERTILIZER AND HYDRA DES-
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Send stamp
Nothing
it!
my May
EVERYTHING COMPLETE FOR THE AQUARIUM, POND AND LAKE ^ Wyoming Avenue, & C Street, PKila., SEND FOR PRICE LISTS
Best As-
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PETS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION AND KIND Manufacturing and Maintenance of Aquariums a Specialty
sortment!
NOW!
Entire "BEST-YET" Line is only obtainable from myself, the manufacturer, W. L. BRIND, 449 West 206th Street, New York City. (Phone St. Nicholas 8418 before call-
B.— The
Kinds of Cat and Dog Foods and Medicines
All
"Domesticated Fish" First and Best Book, covering Gold and Tropical Fish exhaustively. Price, $2.60, with Supplement or $2.08 with-
Order
lA.
THE TERMINAL PET SHOP
ad!)
AQUARIUM PLANTS.
N.
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BRUCE, THORNBURG,
FRANKLIN BARRETT
Tropical Fish in Greatest Variety
out.
K.
Live Enchytrae
Preserved Daphnia
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like
for special circular!
Retail Dealer in
Kinds of Goldfish
All
product of twenty years' prac-
&
HUDSON TERMINAL BUILDING New York
Concourse,
CALICO JAPS & TELESCOPES Young
Good
of
Quality
$2
$3
and
Dozen
Orders under $5 add 25c for shipping can
GEORGE
SCHENK
A.
ing.)
Mount Vernon, N. Y.
29 Claremont Place
aquaria fish thrive on
All
RELPAW
Wimners My
Goldfish were awartled firsts and three special prizes at exhibition of the Aquarium the last annual Society held in the American Museum of Natural History, New York. Youns" stock from these fine fish for sale durins' the coming season. Watch my future ads. Broail-tail
Otto Gneiding's GoldfisK HatcKer^)
—37
Any
Ask
Class
First
Dealer
Telescope
Depot Ave.,
Bidgrefleld Park, N. J.
WAPLER,
N.
28 Warren
FOR SALE- Hundreds reticulatus.
saw.
31
Imported Hygienic
Natural Fish Food, 10c Box
)
The most
St.,
of Guppies
beautiful ones
Your choice 25c each.
Helleri,
Importer N. Y. City
(Lebistes
you ever 75c each.
Several varieties of Snails. V.
VARJE, 1361
N. Clark Street, Chicago,
Telephone, Superior 4415
111.
Dooocrac
New Aquarium Book This richly illustrated volume is of highly practical value to every aquarist, no matter
what
Goldfish culture in
his specialty.
all
branches; magnificent photographs of prize-winning specimens, etc., etc. Gives the only comprehensive list of 300 tropical fishes, their breeding habits, required temperature, food and general care its
in detail.
be entitled
It will
GOLDFISH
AND
VARIETIES
TROPICAL AQUARIUM FISHES
By Wm.
T.
Innes
Sent anywhere upi)n receipt of price, by the publishers.
$:5.00,
INNES & SONS 129
135
-
N.
12tK
Street
Pnilaaelpnia II
irmni
inrvir
v
m
TEN VARIETIES OF BEAUTIFUL AQUARIUM PLANTS for $1.00 Postpaid J.
Henri Wagner, 1909 North
Capitol
Washington, D. C.
ONCE TRIED YOU'LL ALWAYS BUY Mack's Superior Fish Food Mack's Special Prepared Baby Fish Food .
By Mail
12c
Can
Ground Shrimp 70c
All Stores or H. J.
2816 Jasper
lb
.
.
Wholesale
10c 15c
to Dealers
MACKRELL
Street, Philadelphia, Pa.
AQUARIUM STOCK CO 150 Chambers Street
Aquarium
::
New York
City
Specialists
GOLDFISH, FOODS, PLANTS, SNAILS, ETC. Combination Natural Fish Food - Sample Can 10c Imported Shrimp Fish Food Sample Can 13c Imported Wafer Fish Food Large Sample Box 10c Special Prices on Quantity Lots
Cash With Order
Catalogue Sent Upon Request
Orders amounting $2 Mail
orders
delivered
postpaid.
promptly attended
to.
-^ 1
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nnri
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y 8
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Aquarium Fishes
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20c Box
GOOD
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A
n
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large assortment of splendirt Telescope
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JAPANESE GOLDFISH in
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mnrmrmi
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and
Q
1749 Buchanan Street, San Francisco, Cal :
kinds at
15c Box
Nippon Goldfish Go and
all
8
joocy
:
of
is one of the necessary to After the p keep fish in good health. R test of years Green River stands out It U as the best food on the market. 9 keeps the fish in good color by proIt n moting a healthy, robust growth. 8 will not sour or cloud the water. Ask Lvour dealer or send for it today.
All Kinds of Aquatic Plants
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Snails
variety,
Green River Fish Food
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-«-iorK
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MANUFACTURER OF
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n
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BREEDER AND IMPORTER Rare and Fancy Fish
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HARRY §
South 52nd
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m
GOLDFISH BREEDERS
58th and Walnut Streets
110
i
prices.
Fine Assortment of Lionheads
Japan
Shipping Cans,
HARRY ^210
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45
Cents.
PETERS
WARMOCK STREET PHILADELPHIA
N.
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U
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o
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P
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Due to the constant increase in costs of ingredients, boxes and print-
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3000(
R
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it has become necessary to increase the price of these foods to 15 and 20 cents. When conditions again become normal the old prices will again prevail.
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