Aquatic life 7 1919

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No. 11

1

Wm.

international monthly magazine devoted to the study, care and breeding of fishes and other animals and plants in the home aquarium and terrarium.

o

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Vol. IV.

1919

July,

\

An

W. A. POYSER JOSEPH E. BAUSMAN

EDITOR PUBLISHER

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Philadelphia

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Copyright 1919 by Joseph E. Bausman

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Popular and scientific articles and notes on subjects pertaining to the aquarium and terrarium. and to the habits of fishes in general, are always wanted for "Aquatic Life." Readers are invited to join in making it a medium of mutual help by contributing to it the results of their studies. The pages are always open to anyone having information of interest to the aquarist and student of Manuscripts, books for review aquatic biology. and general correspondence should be addressed to the editor.

"Aquatic Life" has the largest circulation of any magazine in the world devoted to aquatic nature-study.

It offers to advertisers a market that can be reached through no other medium.

Rates made known on application.

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A BIG-HEADED GURNARD HENRY W. FOWLER The Academy

of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia

Big-Headed Gurnard

Photograph by

The accompanying photograph, dently that

of

evi-

big-headed gurnard

the

(Prionotus tribulus), represents a species very abundant in the Gulf of Mexico, and occasionally found northward on our

Long

Atlantic coast to

never met with of

its

it

Island.

in the

range or seen

it

I

have

northern part

among

the multi-

tudes of gurnards or sea-robins examined

along the land

New

and

Jersey, Delaware,

Mary-

On

these

Virginia

shores, however,

man

allied

coasts.

we have

a very corn-

gurnard or sea-robin,

in the

long-finned species, Prionotus strigatiis.

The

chief distinction, and

it

appears clear-

ly in the

S. A.

photograph,

Scrimshaw

the presence of

is

a small thorn or spine at the centre of

radiating lines,

or

striae,

on the cheek

bone directly below the front of the eye.

Both fishes are beautifully colored when alive, and the waved dark lines on the large

pectoral

fins

give

most pleasing

effects.

The

subject

caught by Mr. sacola, Florida,

length.

It

is

of S.

the

photograph was

A. Scrimshaw, at Pen-

and was about a foot

in

described as vicious and

life, living five hours after removal from the water. The water in which it was caught was 22 feet deep.

tenacious of

:

Aquatic

142

Gurnards are peculiar looking fishes, with large, bony heads, often furnished with prominent spines. These spines usually become less pronounced or obsoeven disappearing with age. Their teeth are very fine or minute, and in lete,

bands, thus serviceable in securing their This consists of invertebrates, prey.

worms, crustaceans, mollusks, A very characteristic development etc. is the three lower pectoral rays, which are such

ILitt

Avalon, Beesley's Point, Cape May, Five Fathom Bank, Inlet,

sea,

Corson's

Grassy Sound, Ludlam Bay, McCrie's Shoal, Ocean City, Old Eph Buoy, Sea Monmouth Isle City, Stone Harbor) County (Belford, Long Branch, Mana;

squan, Sandy Hook).

War Orphans

French

as

The

children of France have not yet

rays,

emerged from the shadow of the war.

With peace assured, and a happier future opening before them, it becomes increasingly evident that the child life of France has suffered a shock from which it is dif-

in

ficult

The

tactile organs.

gur-

really modified nard, being a bottom dweller, moves close over the stones and sand, and uses these

which appear like fingers or claws, By probing and its hunt for food.

to rally

;

while the birth rate has

feeling about the crevices the presence of prey is detected, as the rays are highly

dropped

sensory.

American organization co-operating with a similar one in Paris of which Marshal

Some

species of gurnards live in deep

water, and these are red in color.

wise

the

flesh,

Like-

which, though seldom our region, is quite pala-

The

Joffre

8 to each iooo population.

to

Fatherless Children of France, an

is

the head, reports that of the chil-

dren receiving American aid

valued as food in table, and its usual pink color suggests Many gurnards utter grunting salmon.

of 10 cents a day under

sounds, by contracting the air-vessel, and the name gurnard was originally applied

average

with reference to these sounds, which are very noticeable as the fish are taken from the water.

Other names

are pig-fish and

grunt, and at Nantucket

we heard "Peter-

grunter," derived from

the

same

habit.

It may be interesting to note that only two species of gurnards occur on our

New

Jersey coast.

ords or examined

Of

these

I

have rec-

material as follows

Short-finned Gurnard (Prionotus Atlantic County (Atlantic carolinus).

Cape May County City, Somer's Point) Point, Cape May, (Anglesea, Beesley's Corson's Inlet, Ludlam Bay, Sea Isle Monmouth Townsend's Inlet) City, Branch, (Belford, Long Sandy County Hook).

Long-Finnkd Gurnard {Prionotus striAtlantic County (Absecon, Atgatus).

Cape May County (Anglelantic City) ;

;

;

its

to the extent

plan of secur-

ing American godmothers for the

French war waifs, of

its

deaths

children's

700

little

records show an

per

month since the armistice. The help of the American godmothers came too late to

save

these

undernourished

nerve-

shocked little ones.

Mrs. Walter S. Brewster, of Chicago, vice chairman of the Fatherless Children of France, has been appointed chairman of a campaign to secure American aid for

60,000

the

war orphans

little

names were on the

Ten

the armistice. for

an

month while ;

may

whose

of the organiza-

"unadopted" before the signing of

tion as

child

lists

cents will care for a

entire

day; $3.00

for

a

for $36.50 a year the donor

select a child

from the

lists

at the

organization's headquarters and be placed in

correspondence with

child or

make

it.

formation to Mrs. Walter

Room cago.

634, 410

To adopt

a

a donation write for in-

S.

S.

Brewster,

Michigan avenue, Chi-

n"he Nesting Habits of Certain Sunfiskes

Observed

as

CARL

HUBBS,

L.

View

of the

Park Lagoon

in a

Museum

Field

Chicago,

Park,

with

there

one

lies

These lagoons are well supplied fish life.

The

writer has records of

more than forty species, of which those belonging to the sunfish family (Centrarchidae) are in

many ways

the most inter-

esting to him, as well as to the

small boys

who

shore.

numerous

delight in dodging the

park police to catch these

from the

As

little

fishes

this locality is

readily accessible to the writer, he

able during the

make

and Chicago Aquarium Society

in Jackson Park, Chicago, were the observations were made

basin of a series of pretty lagoons, which are connected with one another and with Lake Michigan by means of narrow channels.

Chicago

Lagoon

Just back of the present building of the Field Museum of Natural History, in

Jackson

in

so

was

spring of this year to

daily observations here on the nest-

ing habits of the sunfishes.

Although many, and perhaps all, of the facts determined have already been recorded or are

generally

well-known, nevertheless

may be of Aquatic Life.

these notes

readers of

The nesting

species is

interest

which was

one which

is

first

the

to

observed

not popularly as-

sociated with the sunfishes, though be-

longing to the same family and having similar habits,

namely the large-mouthed

The

black bass (Micropterus salmoides).

nests of this species, found only during

the latter half of

of June, were

May and

all circles

the

first

half

of exposed stony

or gravelly bottom, surrounded by the

bottom material and sand then one of

finer

â&#x20AC;&#x201D;

first

silt

a

ring

â&#x20AC;&#x201D;thrown

of

out-

;

aquatic

144

ward by the bass in forming the nest.

They were usually located in a small, cleared area among pond weeds (Potamogeton). The diameter of the central

fLitt

Occasionally

lets.

circled off to a dis-

it

tance of about two feet, but returned at

once

;

even after being caught and exam-

or gravelly portion of the nest, through-

it came back in about two minutes from the deeper water in which

out which the eggs were found concealed,

it

varied between one and two feet

next two days, however, the

the

;

extreme diameter, from one and one-half to three

Most

feet.

of the bass nests

ined a moment,

On

had temporarily taken refuge.

off

fish

the

darted

immediately upon approach.

warm

After a few

days, the last of the

bryttus gulosus) observed breeding in the

two commoner species of sunfishes, the pumpkin-seed (Lepomis gibbosus) and the blue-gill (Lepomis incisor) began breeding at approximately the same time in scattered localities

lagoon was found on June n, over

throughout the lagoon.

were

in depths greater

at distances

than two

and

feet,

from the shore greater than

ten feet.

The

warmouth bass (Chaeno-

single

its

The

month of May,

nest,

about fifteen feet from shore.

nest,

which resembled that of the black

the

was located

reaching

bass,

at

a depth

of about

the

breeding its

The number

of

became more numerous,

nests gradually

season

for

each

species

height between June 15 and

A

few days of hot weather

three feet in a cleared area in a thick

June

growth of Potamogeton. The fish was affected with fungus, and died two days

then terminated their breeding; careful

later.

new

A

green sunfish (Lepomis cyanellus)

was found guarding

No

nest whatever

its

eggs on June 20.

had been constructed,

the eggs being attached to willow rootlets,

which here projected thickly into the water at the very edge of the lagoon. The guardian fish, presumably the male, was very brilliantly colored back and sides ;

metallic green, rather indistinctly barred,

grading into coppery below, each scale

margined with darker; the cheeks with emerald spots and streaks, more interrupted than those of the pumpkin-seed the opercular flap greenish black, margined with coppery soft dorsal and anal ;

fins

each with a black spot at base of the

last rays, the

former

fin

fish

was

search from shore and boat disclosed no or occupied nests during the last

days of June or the

first

few of

few

July.

That sunfishes do not always construct their own nests is proved by the following instance.

A blue gill was observed guarding a certain nest in the lagoon on June 15, 16 and 17; on June 18 it was not in evidence, but a pumpkin-seed was swimming about the nest, though not actually resting on it on the morning of June 19 apparently the same pumpkinseed was guarding a mass of eggs in the nest, but by noon of the same day most of the eggs had been removed (by small boys?), and in the evening the male was observed spawning again with a female on the same nest. ;

with a narrow,

the latter with a wide margin of orange.

This

20.

surprisingly

"tame,"

re-

peatedly taking an earthworm from one's

If a

man

other; that

calls is, if

you a fool call him anyou are curious to learn

something worse about yourself.

fingers, permitting itself to be touched,

and

rising to one's

hand on the surface

"We

of the water, and only gently biting at

the

when

we

dog at the eggs were being examined one's fingers, like a

play,

in the root-

are never too old to learn," quoted

Wise Guy.

"No, the

difficulty

is

are sometimes too young," replied the

Simple Mug.

BADI5 BADIS WALTER LAMNOY

The the

concerning

earliest data I possess

â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Blue-fin â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Germans

Badis badis

call

(Blauflosser)

is

it

as

of the year 1906,

but the species was surely taken into Ger-

many

before that time.

Paul Matte, of

Lankwitz, had bred the

fish at that time,

and had

how

told Stansch

get the best results. in Berlin, in 1910,

pairs I

from

I

proceed to

to

met with

it

first

When male,

may

if

BRIND,

the female

further

is

Z.

F.

5.

removed from the

litters

are desired, she

well be placed in a tank similarly

equipped with a flower pot, and there rested for a couple of weeks.

The

male,

from the fry and being well

after removal

fed alone for a shorter period, can again

be placed with her.

By

thus moving the

purchasing a couple of

F. Olaf Andersen.

From

these

and another,

raised a brood in Berlin,

a year later, in Chicago.

Following the plan of Matte, a flower pot was placed upright in the sand of the

aquarium bottom, and

within

to

filled

three inches of the top with sand.

The

eggs are deposited in a hollow in the sand within the pot, and are thereafter, until hatched, guarded by the male,

orously fans them with his

who

fins.

vig-

With

Badis badis a

temperature of 77 degrees the fry appear Four days

three days after oviposition.

young

unceremoniously "kicked out" to make room for another brood. The female, however, should be

later

the

are

removed immediately deposited.

wander

after the eggs are

In nature the female would

off as a

matter of course, and the

fish about, quite a large

raised

from a

number could be and

single pair,

this also

applies to other fishes of similar breed-

ing habits.

Badis

is a small freshwater fish from and in nature spawns in holes in the banks of streams.

During breeding activities the male assumes bright colors,

India,

next mating of the male would be with

suggesting

another female.

Burkhardt, of Breslau, told

Vertical dark blue stripes appear on an

me

failed to provide a flower-pot,

whereupon

the fish

dug

He

a hole in the sand

that he

among

the

spawning the sexes became locked in a close embrace like Paradise fish, and that with each contact the eggs were sprayed into the sand-hollow. The male cared for the eggs and the young until they left the

plants.

nest.

observed that

in

the

Paradise

familiar

orange, reddish-yellow or golden

fish.

brown

ground color having a bluish sheen. The female is somber in comparison.

The body is elongated, compressed from side to side, and clumsy in general appearance.

The

respect to

dorsal fin

its

is

long, that

is,

in

from a point

base, running

behind the head well back to the caudal peduncle.

In the male the lobe of the

dorsal terminates in a point

;

in the

female

â&#x20AC;&#x201D; aquatic UlCe

146 it

The

obtuse.

is

color of this

fin

is

changeable from light to dark blue and purple, with a horizontal band or stripe,

and

in the male,

with the upper edge rich

The base

green.

of the anal fin of the

A

male bears an orange spot.

large ex-

ample will measure two inches.

Temperatures from 70 to 75 degrees will be sufficient for adults, but the

young

should be accorded more warmth until several months old. Live foods, Daphne,

and

Cyclops

Enchytraeids,

be

should

preferably fed.

(Certain writers indicate that the eggs of Badis badis are deposited on the flower pot, but are otherwise in accord with

Brind.

Mr.

Editor.)

kind concerning the

medium

for

its

Aquarium

a picture of a peaceful

little

glass globe,

containing two or three goldfish, a tad-

bunch of weed and a little stone castle, is what usually floats before the vision of the mind. Yet life beneath the waters of the world presents one of the great undeveloped fields for study, if not the greatest known to man.

Up to within a comparatively few years ago there was very little knowledge of the habits, foods, life, traits and breeding of fish, with the exception of the few varieties that had been cultivated, such In as the Japanese carp and goldfish. pole, a

recent years, however, the study of fish

has come to be recognized as important, not only the study of fresh water, but of the deep sea varieties of the finny tribe.

work of

the pioneers in this

study and investigation the problem of

conserving the

fish

of the streams and

lakes of the world has been

met

to a great

extent.

It

Not only

uses in providing a field for the

the aquarium on a large scale has to be

an institution

cities

of the world.

European

cities

come

many of the large New York and many

in

have handsome struc-

tures containing marvelous assortments

of

Philadelphia also has

fish.

aqua-

its

rium, already a fairly well developed institution

when completed,

will

with any for the

and one that, compare favorably plans for it have been far more advanced than Tlr

s

made along any of the

lines

others.

has been possible because of the

has long been recognized by ichthy-

ologists that there

was only one way

plans in accordance with which

the local aquarium

the average person thinks of fish

the

through

is

experience of the others.

Philadelphia

Through

and that

study of fish and because of attractiveness

The

When

fish,

of the aquarium.

to

gain anything like complete data of any

is

being developed on

the site of the old Gratz

Spring Garden pumping

low the Fairmount River,

make

ichthyologist

it

Dam

Mansion and

station, just be-

on the Schuylkill

not only possible for the

and nature student

to delve

into the lore of the water denizens, but

also afford the sightseer a better oppor-

view the fish than the New other aquarium. The tanks are so arranged that the light falls directly on the surface of the water. Everything has been done to depict as nearly as tunity to

York or any

possible the natural habitat of the inhabitants of the tanks.

In connection with former advertisements in Aquatic Life, the J. J. Halterback Company, Inc., writes "We net only received inquiries, but good orders from first-class houses all through the United States, Canada, Central and South America/' Taking into consideration that Aquatic Life has subscribers in all parts of the civilized world, and that the "Peerless" aquarium is a first-class article, the result is merely what should be :

expected.

â&#x20AC;&#x201D;

;

ÂŤb

THE PARADISE HARRY

FISH

W. BALLEISEM

i

*

The Paradise of

auratus,

Macropodus

fish,

most familiar aquarium ber of characteristics

it

fish. is

viridi-

been

long

has

Asia,

In a

a

num-

a splendid fish

for the novice fancier of exotic fishes.

It is

beautifully colored, sufficiently dif-

ferent in shape

from

just an "ordinary

and has interesting breeding habits.

But the most important feature concerns fish,"

winter conditions.

Most tropical fishes must be maintained constantly at not less than 65 degrees, which is not an easy feat, even in a well-heated home.

The

Paradise

fish, in

degrees, but if

possible.

it

is

body

is

brown, with a greenish

cast,

with

apparent vertical stripes of blue, plus a reddish hue red, with

His

fins

bon-like like

the

fins

;

of various shades of

some brown, blue and yellow. are long, sharp-ended, and rib-

now

;

tail

contracted,

again spread

of the proverbial peacock.

The female is smaller, with rounded fins light brown in color, which changes to a gray tone when breeding.

contrast, can endure 45

well to keep

it

warmer

In addition, being a labyrinth

and provided with the means to use air, coming to the surface at intervals for a supply, it can endure foul

fish,

atmospheric

In other words,

water.

like other fishes if

will not suffer

it

you neglect the aqua-

rium.

Now

for the one detrimental character-

Our

subject is a fighter, and is well maul another, male or female, unmercifully. But this can be overcome by keeping a goodly number together, each individual, wary of an attack from behind, perforce becomes pacific. Not all istic.

able

to

fin-tearing,

however,

be eliminated,

will

but the rents will soon mend.

Though

slow

not gifted

fish, in

the sense that

with nervous activity,

it is

it is

a jumper,

a

and

aquarium should be covered with a piece of glass, which has the added advantage of conserving and for this reason the

equalizing the temperature.

During the spring and summer, when is 75 degrees and above, the male puts on his brilliant colors, which are hard to describe in detail. The

the temperature

Macropodus viridi-auratus (Paradise Fish)

When

a male

and

a gravid female

have

mated, a procedure sometimes made of

many

battles,

undesired

even unto the death of an

female,

the

male builds

his

floating nest of bubbles, rising to the sur-

face

for air

and discharging

it,

coated

with mucus, in the selected location

;

re-

peating the operation innumerable times.

Then, coaxing the female to a position below, he winds himself about her, a gentle pressure expelling the eggs. These he catches dexterously in his mouth, even recovering those falling to the bottom,

and blows them

may

into the nest.

Spawning

continue throughout the day, and

— !

Aquatic

148

when completed

the

female should be

removed.

The

nest

new

male, falling eggs being replaced and

added

bubbles

if

need

structure

the

During extremely warm strengthening. weather the young appear 36 hours later.

Paternal interest continues for perhaps four days longer, during which the young are kept within bounds, which means the Gradually the nest is spread out nest.

and new bubbles added,

swim

able to

freely.

now

be removed vour the young

;

until the fry are

The male should

otherwise he will de-

he

has

carefully

so

nursed. fry should be provided with Infu-

The

twenty years ago, from the pen of a then well-known goldfish fancier.

tended by the

carefully

is

fLttt

by

soria in plenty, to be later followed

Daphne.

During the famous days of King Arthur two brave knights did battle because

they could not agree as to the wording

on a

They were both

sign.

wrong

right

Since the

has bred

first

strife,

stroke of time ignorance

and knowledge harmony.

Knowledge

is

the world's greatest asset.

Advertising

is

the

power

that distributes

knowledge.

Advertising

is

the point of contact be-

tween the producer and the purchaser.

Through it public opinion is swayed and action started. The great body of people may only judge a business through its advertising.

Judicious advertising, eco-

nomical advertising, consists

How

aquarium

fishes

—

In a

paper reporters.

we

and quizzical are and aquarists to news-

quaint, queer

read

the

of

—

New York

wonderful

sheet

"Helleri,"

which builds a nest of bubbles and then proceeds to bring forth the young alive.

Further, Pa Helleri plays hob (we hesitate to use a term more in rhyme with the fish's fails to

name) with

Ma

Helleri

if

she

appreciate his attempts at home-

and both

—the sign had two sides

the

announcement where

number Aquatic Life is vertising medium greatest

rium

fishes,

interest.

It

it

placing

in

will reach the

of prospective buyers. a highly specialized ad-

for the breeder of aqua-

every reader having a direct follows, therefore, that, re-

gardless of the lower or higher cost of

space in other mediums, advertisements in

Aquatic Life bring

the greatest

number

of orders.

building.

Another paper tells us of a gorgeous the "Libred, white and blue goldfish erty Fish"

— originated

—

in

New

northern

Jersey, after years of painstaking effort

The account

by the owner. that the fish

made

is

unique.

assures us

That the reporter

a careful study of the situation

evident, because he mentions that the

is

Red

Drumfish, Bluefish and Whitefish were not called upon to lend their colors to the

new

animal.

Of

course, in this

new

gold-

you recognize the popular calico broadtail.

Who wants any other kind nowadays? The story reminds us of the romance of Sarjittaria natans, published fish,

Krefftius adspersus

is

certainly a beau-

have kept specimens for years, feeding mosquito larvae in summer and tiny earthworms in winter. It used to be quite common in our Torrens, and was used by anglers as live bait for perch. tiful little fish.

I

Now we must go up the Murray if we want examples for our aquaria. The introduction of perch and goldfish in our many Herbert M. Hale, South Australia Aquarium Sorivers

is

without doubt clearing out

of the smaller native

fishes.

ciety.

As long hope.

as

any one

is dissatisfied

there's

ntie Garden

I

Terrarium

a

CHARLES M. BREDER,

I

JR.

1 The

Van Horn, whose

posal,

aquarist with a garden and broad tendencies

nature-

brother remembered being present at the

study,

should not miss the opportunity

That was rediscovered near the same place demonstrates that it was not a great wanderer. Mr. Van Horn stated that the tortoise was just as large when

at his disin

afforded by a large open-air terrarium.

An

attempt along this line in no

way

in-

terferes with the horticultural projects of

other

members

entire space

of the family, unless the

given over to a

is

On

great outdoors.

of the

bit

the other hand,

if

as

those

of

J.

S.

"engraving match" when a boy.

the specimen

the carving took place, but 24 years

is

a

,5MOW BALL BU5H

but a few of the lower vertebrates are desired, these can be so selected as to be

a real asset in any vegetable or flower

consuming,

garden,

numbers of

One the

is

as

large

do,

pests.

of the best and most easily procured

common box

disposition, harmless,

for

of a

and useful

ing the invading insect as well as having a

[Cistudo

tortoise

They are possessed

Carolina).

gence

they

army

in

in control,

good grade of

chelonians.

Dr

;

good keep-

intelli-

Charles

C.

nos5 GR.own LOG

Abbott, in a report of the Geological Sur-

"A very vey of New Jersey, writes abundant species, that should be encouraged in every garden in the State, as they wage an unending war against a multitude of noxious creatures. The habit of cutting initials upon the shell of this animal has resulted in proving it to be an :

animal of long

life.

Instances of this,

showing the animal to have been from 50 to 80 years of age, have come under the notice of the writer."

A

photograph

collected

on

is

in 1912.

Carved

plastron appears "J. S. V., Sept.

XXVIII, 1888." The latter part of the its

inscription

is

now

Plan of Author's Garden long period over which to carry a mental

measurement. The species is widely distributed and will be found in most of our eastern woodlands.

It has been stated that their food consists

presented showing one

by the author

^U-LAUr\EL

almost effaced, but

it

was quite plain at the time the specimen was taken. The initials were identified

almost entirely of vegetable matter

but those in the terrarium of the wnter

have only been observed to take cherries that had fallen from a tree in the yard, as far as this class of food is concerned.

Their preference has been for earthworms and slugs, the elimination of which, from a gardening viewpoint, is

aquatic

150

fUU

(Fiddler Crab) in its garden burrow. 2. Cistiido Carolina (Box Tortoise) 1. Gclasimiis sp.

The 4. eating an earthworm. 3. Chrysemys picta (Painted Turtle) basking in the sunshine. inscribed plastron of Cistudo. 5. Limax sp. (Garden Slug) with a recently deposited egg mass.

Photographs by the author.

Inasmuch

as

the

decidedly

beneficial.

garden

small, these items of food are

is

limited, so the tortoises are fed

beef,

which they seem

taste

is

acquired.

It

has been said that

cabbage and the present specimens

milk will be taken,

lettuce,

but

chopped

to prefer after the

refuse

all

ing into their shells.

The members

of the family claim con-

intelligence

for these

reptiles,

by withdraw-

At any

rate,

they

when hungry, bed when satisfied.

are always near the house

departing for the fern It is

of

hardly probable that continued series

such coincidences could occur for

more than

without a reason, knowledge of In autumn, of food. the whereabouts and the become short when the clays so

three.

siderable

in the presence of strangers

it

is

six years

attributed to their

make

even insisting that they recognize those

nights chilly, the tortoises

who

to gain admittance to their winter quar-

feed them, and, further, exhibit fear

efforts

Aquatic

JLitt

151

ters,

which has been screened during the summer to keep out the' prowling cats.

The spot is under the porch, the earth

box

being covered with loose leaves.

the autumn.

The younger of the two, a female, appears more intelligent than the older or monogramed one, and has now been

the

garden for nine years.

in the

The breeding

habits, as observed twice,

are most interesting.

The female

a spot, both times the

most sandy

selected

with a

nately

better

part

the

two days, and the

was a hole shaped as

result

The

that

The process took

earth.

of

stroke

jerky

slow,

little

in the sketch.

extremities of her hind feet, point-

ing forward, enabled her to undercut the earth in the

manner

After the

indicated.

eggs were deposited, the hole was level

the spring, though they retired later in

filled

with the surrounding surface of the

1917-18 they

deep

as

in

as

froze,

not

The

Cistudo.

aquatic forms never become quite as tame as the box tortoise, but will at times take worms or meat from the fingers if offered them in the tank.

It is

men

an amusing fact that a small specimistake the tail of a larger

will often

comrade for grasp

it

Due

to tail.

worm and

and juicy

the

until

mistake and

the

the

a fat

with vigor, which causes a great

commotion

offender discovers

relinquishes

hold.

his

harm befalls seem much more

roughness, no

its

These

turtles

sociable than the land species,

usually be noted in

whereas the box tortoise

and

This

solitary.

is

will

of several,

parties

holds good in both domesticated and wild states.

ground, and both times some small stones

crowned the achievement, but it is not clear whether this was intentional or merely accidental. With this accomplished no further attention was given the nest by the female. Misfortune was the lot

During the cold weather of

winter of

digging

location,

and proceeded to excavate a hole with her This was done in a most hind feet. amusing manner, the feet moving alter-

moved but

tortoises in the earth under the porch, but were always out and about earlier in

When

tadpoles kept in aquaria com-

plete their metamorphosis,

frogs or toads, they

may

and become

well share the

garden with the chelonians, though, while small, there

is

form a meal

a possibility that they

may

When

they

for the latter.

of both nests, as the eggs failed to hatch,

reach a fair size their activity

being probably killed by low temperatures

protection, while their usefulness in de-

during the nights.

Seven eggs were de-

posited in each nest, the shells being flexible or leathery to the touch,

and a "dead"

vouring noxious insects habits

and grotesque

If a large

to

the

purely terrestrial

their

is

their

chief

recommendation, aside from interesting

white in color.

In addition

is

actions.

bed of ferns and mosses be

given a place, a picturesque feature can

tortoise, several species of aquatic turtles

be

may

to

large-shelled land snails.

A

ever, consider them dainty morsels to be

kept

be

gratify

if

provision

water-loving

their

sunken tub, or

is

made

nature.

better, a concrete pool,

is

created

by liberating a number of

devoured on discovery.

Turtles,

how-

Too many may

they require, and in a water garden

cause damage to the plants, so but few

they are entirely at home, although large

should be introduced at any one time.

If space can be given to native plants

all

examples

may damage

tender

aquatic

painted

turtle

plants.

Specimens

(Chrysemys

a of picta)

the

hibernated with the

much more

developed.

A

beautiful terrarium can be

shady nook, unsuited for

ordinary cultivated kinds,

is

just the situ-

:

tfquatie filU

152

and woodland

ation for ferns brief

Wood

Ferns.

fern (Dryopteris spinu-

Shield fern (D. marginalis)

loses),

A

plants.

of suitable plans follows

list

,

Crest-

ed fern (D. cristatn), Bracken (Pteris aquilina), Maiden Hair (Adiantum peda-

Christmas

tum),

(Polystichum

fern

Beech fern {Phegopteris fern Sensitive and hexagonoptera) (Onoclea sensibilis).

Shrubs. Wild Azalea {Azalea nudiflora), Rhododendrons (Rhododendron sp.), Spice bush (Benzoin aestivale) and acrostichoides)

,

one gigantic claw frantically, as if calling the world to see something of crab in-

The common freshwater crayfish (Cambarus sp.) can more readily be kept in the same manner. Raw beef and earthworms will form their principal foods.

The fence surrounding the garden

terest.

should be

(Claytonia virginica), White, Purple and

Yellow Violets

(Viola sp.),

Day

Lily

quite tight at the base, as

wander from the premises. our

son

harmless

For

this rea-

have

snakes

been

omitted from the discussion.

lawn

If the

Spring Beauty

made

otherwise some of the creatures might

Laurel (Kalmia latifolia).

Herbaceous Plants.

waving the

as they run along sidewise,

fashion,

it

is

kept in the conventional

should be gone over with a

rake before mowing, to prevent a possible death of some of the animals.

violent

Pink Lady's thronium americanuvn) Partridge acaule), Slipper (Cypripedium

Frogs are prone to rest or search for food in the open grass adjacent to their watery home.

Work on modifications of this garden

Berry

(Mitchella

repens),

terrarium, to conform to individual con-

Pulpit

(Arisaema

triphyllum)

(Hemerocallis fulva), Tiger Lily (Lilium tigrinum), Yellow Adder's Tongue (Bry,

Jack-in-the,

Spotted

W'intergreen or Pipsissewa (Chimaphila

maculata)

Wood Anemone (Anemone

,

and

quinguef olio)

Hepatica

for

the purpose, either because of their hard-

beauty or the ease by which they be obtained.

Detailed descriptions,

natural habitats and range, and sugges-

found in wild and horticultural handMosses and lichen-grown logs

tions for cultivation will be

guides

flower books.

add

to the general attractiveness of the

wild flower garden.

A rium

possible

if

a sand or

mud bank

is

prepared along one side of the cement

salt

none other than Crab (Gelasimus This can be collected in almost any marsh along the New Jersey coast,

and

will

pool, the animal being

the sp.)

Fiddler

familiar

better

do

if it

fairly well in fresh

can be

They present

a

made

many

and cannot

fail

sides of nature.

water;

slightly brackish.

most ludicrous appearance

enable migratory fish to pass such

barriers

as

waterfalls

and dams when

ascending a river to spawn, the Canadian

Commissioner of Fisheries has developed an elevator which ble.

24-foot

is

apparently practica-

has been placed in service at a

It

fall in

the St. Croix River, N. B.,

and is operating successfully, says Popular Mechanics Magazine.

In part, the device consists of a vertical

rather unusual addition to the terrais

delightful hours

in the field,

to inculcate the

To

Those named are among the best

may

mean many

home and

(Hepatica

triloba).

iness,

ditions, will

at

shaft erected several feet

from the

falls.

Guides, or walls, radiate from both

sides

of

the

structure

to

the

opposite

banks of the stream, so that fish are led A cage in which the latter are trapto it.

ped and carried to the top of the shaft, where they are automatically dumped into a sluiceway and discharged into the water on the upstream side of the barrier, is hoisted by means of a counterpoise tank, which is periodically filled with

â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Aquatic

153

JLitt

fc^fefcltes:

<i^U_Wa

Glimpses of the Akiyama Goldfish Farm, Tokyo, Japan Photographs by Eiichiro Nakashima

water from a supply reservoir surmounting the tower.

The cage and tank

are

secured to the opposite ends of a cable that passes over pulleys at the top of the shaft.

The Poor Fish

!

â&#x20AC;&#x201D;"I

hear you are

going to marry Archie Blueblood?" said

one society true ?"

woman

to

another.

"Is

it

"Marry him !" exclaimed the other.

"Not likely. What on earth could I do with him? He's rejected from the army,

The fish compartment is provided with two doors, one at each end. When it is at the bottom of the shaft beneath the

he can't

water one of these gates

nor, for that matter, can he even drive a

mit

fish

to

enter.

On

is

raised to per-

the other hand,

an auxiliary door on the shaft lets down and prevents fish from swimming around to the back side of the guides or into the

space normally occupied by the carried,

when

the latter ascends.

ride,

motor car

he can't play tennis, golf,

!"

"Oh!" said the friend, "but he can swim beautifully, you know."

"Swim, indeed! Now, I ask you, would you like, a husband you had to keep aquarium ?" London Blighty.

in

an

—

!

aquatic JUtt

154

You remark

The

as to dropping the guppys

and snoodling them out with a niblick. This would not do at all.

These little fellows belong to the famous Whiffenpoof family. The only successful way to capture them is to wait until they have dug their holes in the water and are waiting for prey. Then throw into the pringle

Fairmount

.

Park

Commission,

Philadelphia, has granted permission to the associated aquarium

and goldfish

so-

annual exhibition

to hold the

cieties

in

Horticultural Hall, on October 4th, 5th

This show brings out the great-

and

6th.

est

goldfish

bred

in

America, and the

widest variety of tropical and native speLetters of inquiry should be ad-

a loose-running slip-noose over the top

cies.

of the hole and start the funnygraph playing "Home, Sweet Home." This causes

dressed to the writer at 518 Belgrade

them

to

weep

copiously.

natives are to

ignominiously

alter-

remain where they drowning in their

The moment

a

little

salt

head

is

thrust above, twitch the noose quickly and

you will have caught your guppy.

There is quite a good deal to learn about the habits of each fish. The swordtails, for instance, have a terrible weakness for whetstones.

Philadelphia.

street,

— F.

H. Christine,

Secretary.

are,

protrude their heads above

tears, or to

water.

Their only

Just drop a whet-

stone into the water and there will be a

which shall get his tail sharpIf you have thoughtfully placed some small gobs of soft tar on the whetstone they soon become entangled, and all you need do is pick them right off with your fingers. But be careful not to get cut on the tails of those which might

The eighth annual exhibition of the Brooklyn Aquarium Society will be held in the Brooklyn Museum of Arts and Sciences, September nth to 14th, inclusive.

Los Angeles has the unique pet shop

when he

Grider, estate

The owner,

"Birdland."

called

business

in

M.

L.

from the

retired

19 10,

real

conceived the

idea of creating a different sort of bird

fight to see

store that he might not only sell pets, but

ened

gratify his desire to have

first.

have been sharpened.

Guild.

The

result

is

splendid collection. is

them about him. and a

a beautiful building

A

recent innovation

"Birdland News," a four-page paper

which vals.

lovers

is

to be issued at irregular inter-

It

contains notes of interest to pet

and

dealers,

with current prices

of available stock.

The Ridgewood Aquarium hold 31st

its

and September Forest and

school,

Ridgewood York.

Society will

annual exhibition on August 30th,

Heights,

This

is

1st,

the

in

Putnam

public

avenues,

you

Jumped Moral:

New

Brooklyn,

expected to be the largest

exhibition ever given in Brooklyn.

What's become of that fine had the last time I was here? out and naturally dried up Keep your tanks covered.

Cups,

The luck.

small boy feels that he Just

diplomas and ribbons will be awarded.

geography the

The

made

Society extends a cordial invitation

all

is in

hard

when he has mastered

map

of

Europe

his

will

be

over again.

to all aquarists to enter fishes, aquaria

and

terraria.

For entry blanks and

fur-

ther information, address the writer at 11

Union

street,

CurriE, Secretary.

Brooklyn,

N. Y.

— A.

A

prophet

is

without honor

in his

own

Are you studying native fishes ?

Before the war many American species were much in demand in Germany.

country.

r

Dao

c

8

The

Made

in

Peerless

Patented

Aquarium

November

9,

1915

10

For Sale Different All

Thru

Stock Sizes U. S. A. Larger Sizes to

and

Order

Canada

HALTERBECK

Manufactured by J. J. 170 172 TWELFTH AVENUE, -

-vnon

OOCT3C

Notice

:

Hugo

i

i

m-v-i i

C. Nelles,

t

nra

mnni

t

11

ASTORIA,

innn i

Dealer and Breeder

of Tropical Fishes, is now located at 10440 115th Street, Richmond Hill, Long Island, New York. He will carry first-class stock only, cordial as has been his policy in the past. invitation is extended to customers and friends to visit his modern, up-to-date conservatory.

A

Your Fish Are Not Doing Well— Try

ENCHYTRAEIDS

-

White Worms

THE

i

L.

I., i

Inc.

N. Y.

nnn

r

DC300

:

aquatic Life 1919 March. Breeding the Goldfish (Hanna) Observations on the Chelonians of North America, Part I (Shufeldt) Lucania ommata ;

;

Apistogramma agassizi (Heede) Water-fleas (Tompkins) Viviparous

(Welsh)

The If

-iryvi

CO.,

;

;

;

Fishes-in-general (Stead) Striped Gourami (Simpson)

;

;

Breeding the Notes and news.

April.

The Surinam Toad (Deckert) Cichlasoma nigrofasciatum (Brind) Keeping Living Food Alive (Innes) Beware the Dragonfly (Gordon) An Electrolytic Aerator (Putnam) Water Lilies, Some Cultural and Historical Notes (Pring) Beef vs. Liver, notes and news. ;

natural and best food for goldfishes, barring none. Package 50c (cash or check), with instructions for raising a constant supply.

;

;

;

;

PAUL MARQUARDT, 829 Teutonia Avenue, Milwaukee, Wis ^C^OCOOOOOCOCXDOOOOOCOOCCKXIOOOOOOOCXXJOCXJC^r)^

;

May. Nanostomus eques (Brind) The Water Horse-tail (Wobler) Observations on ;

;

§

8 8

For All Species of Fishes

8

Put up in neat, attractive boxes, each package containing a pamphlet giving exact instructions

p n

the Chelonians of North America, Part II. I Became a Fancier (Proctor) (Shufeldt) A Peculiar Planorbis (Breder) Association and Color Discrimination in Mudminnows and The Hay Infusion (White) Sticklebacks The Bladderworts, Microcosm (Woodruff) notes and news.

§ 8 p

Observations on the Chelonians of North' America, Part III (Shufeldt) ; Gambusia episcopi (Brind) ; The Wheel Animalcules (Bade); Sonnet to a Goldfish (Bnrditt) ;

Oriental Fisk Food

;

| o

;

;

;

Q

§

Q n

June.

Gross $6.00

§

8 n

;

for the proper care of the aquarium,

Oriental Goldfish and Supply 3757

-

3761 Cottage Grov"e Avenue Chicago,

Illinois

Co

p ,

i

^CT3C)CX3CXX3CXDOOC)OCXDOCXX3CXDOOC»COOCOOC)CX3CXDOCZr3^

A

Study of the Diamond Bass (Trell) ; The Goldfish in (Barker) ; Stickleback China, Red-colored Water, Crappie Spawn in Washington Aquarium, and Society News.

Brook

— oocloc

X

OQ

oni

hi

SCRIMSHAW'S Street, Chicago, Telephone, Superior 4415 Auto Delivery

v-m-*~*-rmt~r*-.

oooriririi-«-rv-irTryT«-»-M

a

FISH HATCHERY 1431 N. Clark

>

I

n

111.

or Excellent Conformation

n Color Cannot Be Beat

how

Their Quality in Finnage

ave Blues, Blacks and Calicos

Importer and

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of a Large

i

Variety of Gold and Tropical Fishes

very Fancier Should Look

Them

ee

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] -

IN

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at C. C.

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& MADE TO ORDER Catherine Street

Large Pairs of Mollienisia latipinna $1.00 Swordtails (X. helleri) 1.00 Lebistes recticulatus (Guppy) .50

Philadelphia,

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Baby Alligators Aquarium Cement

Fine, healthy stock of Trichogaster fasciatus, Osphromenus trichopterus, Polyacanthus dayi, P. cupanus, Acara bimaculata, Heros facetus, Barbus conchonius, B. Semifasciolatus and

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Aquariums stocked, maintained

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other species.

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Cages

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Correspondence Solicited 15 19 N. 62d Street,

GEORGE WILT,

PHILADELPHIA Breeders say YOGI is the best Fish Food. It must be, the majority are using it, why?

Ask for YOGI at your dealer or druggist or send for it.

By

Yogi 5c box.

Yogi 75c Pound Magic (Infusoria) 1

Robert

J.

Fishes little

cents.

7c

1

Postage 50c Postpaid

Schaeffer Phila. ,

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THE BEST

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-

Brind's

thrive and grow on Enchytraeids, the white worms.

Generous box by mail, 50 Full directions given for propagating

New Book

-

$1.50

"The

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Was

has paid for itself, so you get the This work shows Fish, Plants, etc., in

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LIVE FOOD

mail

$1.50

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benefit.

—

natural colors and half-tone.

Illustrates

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21

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Order Direct TO-DAY as only a limited number of copies

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PHILADELPHIA *<

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MADAM

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TUZEE, Manager.

TROPICAL FISHES

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OUR SPECIALTY

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BIRDS & SMALL PETS OF ALL KINDS Aquaria, Bird Cages and all Supplies, Displayed and Sold on Commission.

Dogs

GEORGE

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1509 North Clark Street

CHICAGO ifr"

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Ufje (Buioe to jRature Will Help You

$ 15.00 per Hundred

EDWARD

F. BIGELOW, who edited by in the heavens and earth, as well as the waters under the earth.

One year, $1.00.

Four months' trial, 25c. is

Veiltail

Telescpoes from the Finest Stock in America

Don't paddle in the water with one hand and In other words, be blind with both eyes. "keep your eyes open" for all nature.

It

Young

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Mixed

Colors, Blues, Blacks

THE AGASSIZ ASSOCIATION

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35c Extra for Shipping

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Can

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NEW YORK

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Street (Between 2d and 3d avenues)

Water

THE BEST BOOK

Lilies

Red or white

night bloomers; yellow, white or blue day bloomers. Large flowering plants, $i.oo each, postpaid.

CRESCENT FISH FARM, 1624 Mandeville NEW ORLEANS, LA.

HENRY

Street

KISSEL, JR.

Breeder & Fancier of Broadtail Telescopes Tropical Fishes, Plants and Snails.

Telephone 461 Cliffside

Fishes, Plants, etc., Sold at Conservatory

241 Walker Street, Cliffside, N. 3QOCX

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t?OOOOOOI

J.

have

the

per

Largre, $4

stock

largest

dozen;

the

in

medium,

$3

A AQUARIUM fcfigg is

"Goldfish Varieties

former President of the Aquarium Society of Phila.; 250 pages, 195 illustrations.

Tells all about the fancy varieties of the Goldfish and nearly 300 tropicals ; how to breed them, etc., etc. For the beginner or the advanced expert.

A

complete, practical, handsome book, sent postpaid anywhere for $3.00. & Enlarged edition now ready.

INNES

& SONS

per

dozen.

largre

females.

Cabomba (giant) Anacharis Potomogeton -.

Egyptian Lotus (pink) (Postage paid on

The best

Q I Q

fish

and

all

plants plants plants plants

bunches bunches bunches bunches

plants.)

Coarse, medium and shrimp.

Sample box, 15 cents. pound. your zone.

m

mnm

diatomaceous material,

fossil deposits.

Editor, Aquatic Life

Street, M-mnonnr

"AQUARIA FISH" practical work on care and breeding of fish i" the aquarium, greenhouse and outdoor ponds.

Finely illustrated.

Everyone interested in keeping fish should send Price $1.00. for a copy of this book. »

fresh water fine, $1.00 per Add postage to

Tappan's Natural Fish Food.

Three boxes, post-

25c.

is

CRESCENT FISH FARM

£,m->n

to secure

and from

paid,

food in the world

1624 Mandeville

Phila., Pa.

50o.

50 doz. $1.00 doz.

75 doz.

50 doz.

75 doz.

75 doz.

75 doz.

75 doz.

50 each

(floating)

Hornwort

-

30 doz. plants

(narrow leaf) (wide leaf)

Water Poppy Water Lettuce Frogbit

St.

Fine colored males.

Shipping: Cans, each 35c.

Vallisneria Vallisneria

133 N. 12th

recent freshwater and marine gatherings

Gambusia Holbrooki Extra

•

Diatoms Wish

country.

& Tropical

Aquarium Fishes", byWm.T.Innes,

>OOOOOQ'jt

The Paradise Fish We

3000CTDOOOC

New

Orleans, La

Guinea Pigs and Thoroughbred Collie Pups, beautifully marked. Write for prices.

F. L. Route 2,

TAPPAN Hopkins, Minn.

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Aquatic Vol. II

:

ittfe Vol. Ill

:

HARRY

P.

1210 N. Warnock

Street, Philadelphia,

165 pages and as many illustrations. Substantial cloth binding, with title page and complete index. (Stock of Volume II is small.)

One hundred copies of Volume I, loose or bound. Can use single issues. Address publisher.

Plants

every variety,

of

Aquarium Supplies

WANTED:

Green River Baby Fish Food 20c Box

A

guide to the methods of breeding fancy goldfish practiced in Japan. The result of the personal investigations Ten breeds are illusof the author. trated in color, with numerous text

U 8 )

postage on 2 pounds.

8 n

Address Aquatic Life

Hrx

x-inrv

M-irirv

HERMAN RABENAU,

u

—

& Terraria

New

—

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XTfirn

inrra—

irmrv

nrm

i

u-v-irv

Varieties received

HARRY 1210

t

—

u

-v

Combination Natural Fish Food

-

Sample Box 10c

Japanese Shrimp Fish Food

-

Sample Can 15c

Baby Fish Food

Sample Box 15c 15c, 25c 35c

Each

Mail Orders Promptly Attended to

Sent

Upon

::

Request.

New York

)OOOOOOOOOOOOCZr)OOOOOOC

MURATA,

W9-21 Bush

Street,

Proprietor.

San Francisco, Cal

Importers and Dealers

PLANTS

SNAILS

Dried Shrimp, Birds, Cages and All Supplies

AQUARIUM STOCK CO 273 Greenwich Street

DOOOOOOOOCC

Nippon Goldfish Co

GOLDFISH

Special Prices on Quantity Lota.

Cash With Order.

Catalogue

5.00 Dozen

PETERS

OOOOOOOOOC

J.

Glass Feeding Rings

P.

NORTH WARNOCK STREET

OOOOOOOOO!

GOLDFISH, FOODS, PLANTS, DIP NETS -

$1.50 Dozen

PHILADELPHIA mru—

i

Calicos

Veiltails or Broadtails

City

DCOOCTDOOOCZZDOOOC

§ fj

p 2 u

$ [j

8

—mH

Shipping Cans 50c Young Blues, Blacks and

Young

ram

i

<onn<

.rv-mi

Breeders

Near Broadway.

•*rrm

irmn.

irv-mi

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regularly

—

«

Fine Assortment of Lionheads

1163 Myrtle Avenue, Brooklyn, N. Y.

Sm

one of the

is

necessary to keep fish in good health. After the test of years Green River stands out as the best food on the market.

It keeps the fish in good color by promoting a healthy, robust growth. It will not sour or cloud the water.

Ask your dealer or send for it today.

Welcome

Plants and Tropical Fish a Specialty Importations of

FOOD things

Large assortment of Splendid Telescopes and Jap Goldfish at Reasonable Prices

to be appreciated

Visitors

FISH

essential

Aquarist

PERMANENT DISPLAY OF Aquatic Life

GOOD

most

cuts; 112 pages.

must be seen

all

15c Box

A

mrra

and

Snails

kinds at

Green River Fish Food

JAPANESE GOLDFISH

By DR. HUGH M. SMITH

wtyv

all

MANUFACTURER OF

sooooooooooooc

««

of

times.

OOOOOOOTOOOO

$2.00, plus

Pa

BREEDER AND IMPORTER Rare and Fancy Fish

$2.25 each, postage paid

Volumes average

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PETERS

EW STOCKS ARE COMING! Price List Sent on Request 3000000000<C^XXX>>300CKDOOOCrZ)OOOOOOOOOC