aatlc Uf^ T^^^^J^ Vol.
V
July,
1920
No.
International monthly magazine devoted to the study, care and breeding of flshes and other animals and plants In the home aquarium and terrarium.
An
W. A. POYSEB JOSKFH E. BAUS3LAN
EDITOR
•
PXJBLISHER Philadelphia
632 East Girard Avenue
Entered as second-class matter, September 2d, 1915. at the Post Office, Philadelphia, Pa., under Act of March 3d, 1879. Popular and scientific articles and notes on subjects pertaining to the aquarium and terrarium and to the habits of fishes in general, are always wanted for "Aquatic Life." Readers are Invited to Join in making it a medium of mutual help by contributing to it The pages are always open to any one having information the results of their studies. Manuscripts, books for review of interest to the aquarist and student of aquatic biology. should be addressed to the editor. correspondence general and "Aquatic Life" has the largest circulation of any magazine in the world devoted to aquatic It offers to advertisers a market that can be reached through no other nature-study. medium. Rates made known on application. 91-25
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SINGLE COPY
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:
Payments should be made by money order, draft or registered letter. If local checks are Foreign remittances should be by bent, ten cents should be added for collection charges. International money order. Copyright, 1920, by Joseph E. Bausman.
I
T. P.
Water Gardening
AQUARIST
BS BI55ET best and most "readable" book on the care and propagation of aquatic plants in general. It gives in full detail all the practical information necessary to the selection, grouping and successful cultivation of aquatic and other plants required in the making of a water garden and its surroundings. Covers all conditions from that of the amateur with a fev^r plants in tubs to the large estate or park. Directions for constructing concrete pools; propagation of hardy and tender lilies and other aquatics; best lilies for small pools and tubs; the aquatic plant greenhouse; various aquarium plants; enemies and diseases of aquatic plants; gold and other fishes for the water garden. Profusely illustrated with 120 halftones, 17 diagrams and 2 double page 199 pages, coated paper, ornaplates. mented cloth binding de luxe edition. Price. $3.00, postpaid.
WILMINGTON, NORTH CAROLINA
The
Collector and Breeder of
THE BOOK DEPARTMENT
Tropical
Fish
Snakes and Other Reptiles
New
Varieties Aquatic Plants Choice and Rare Specimens Snakes and Reptiles Tropical Fishes
Fundulus nottii, $l..'j() per pair. Elassoma evergladei, $1.7.'} per pair. Heterandria formosa, $1.00 per
pair.
M. chaetodon, 50c each
i
i
—
J
LOVERING
(
Small turtles, $1.25 per dozen. Newts, $1.00 per dozen. Wholesale to dealers.
The Venus Flytrap The
AQUATIC IIFE
$1.00
Philadolphia r-nuaaoipaia I'
(Dionaea muscipula)
plant that feeds on insects
Dozen
—
On
a
Deformed
Specimen of MuKlenberg's Turtle R.
^
W. 5HUFELDT, M.
—
Melanemys muhlenbergi
Muhlenberg's Turtle
In Nature-Study Reviezv for 1914,
published an article with
four
I
figures,
"Rare Deformity in a Painted Turtle (Chrvsemys picta), with Notes on the Species" (pp. 218-222). One of the illustrations showed that this young entitled
turtle
— for
possessed
hump
in
was
specimen and conspicuous the median line on top of the it
a
within this
a
small
peculiar
Upon
carapace.
dissection,
remarkable
was
cavity
the
elevation
tained no anatomical structures it
D.
practically empty.
thousands of young turtles
—
con-
in fact,
Having seen in
my
time, representing nearly all the
life-
known
North America, and never having noted any such peculiarity species of eastern
before,
I
naturally thought that a sec-
ond example of it would never come to hand in this, however, I was mistaken. During the spring of 1920, Dr. Raymond ;
L. Ditmars, of the
New York
Gardens, kindly presented rather
young specimen of
Zoological
me
with a
a female ]\Iuh-
which possessed identisame kind of a hump on its
lenberg's turtle, cally
the
back as did the specimen of the Painted turtle referred to above,
and which oc-
cupied the same part of the carapace
in
median line. This is well shown in the accompanying photograph, made by me shortly after the specimen was rethe
ceived.
This turtle was kept in a small aquarium and fed with angling worms, which it
greatly relished, but
I
soon discovered
— mtt
jdquattc
74
was rather would not
that the specimen that
doubtless
it
When
placed in deep water
live
was
it
and
sickly,
long. totally
unable to swim to the bottom, in order to secure the pieces of worms fed to it.
This
inability
was evidently caused by
hump on
new one was
several shades lighter than
Nothing
the preceding one.
ever been noticed by I
believe that
ficient
has
like this
previously
and
;
very ef-
will require a
scourer to eventually remove these
remarkable
back acting as a the hollow animal from the preventing float, and in this trouble no was There diving. but body its of half anterior way for the
it
me
stains.
its
Phalloptychus januarius
GEORGE
MYERS
S.
;
when
hump came
the
get below it surely would Such a failed. and nature, in handicap act as a serious surface,
all
efforts
its
to
disability
it
certainly did not
conduce to
or happiness in captivity.
its
comfort
Whether
it
had anything to do with its death, which occurred in due course, it would be hard
As
to say.
desired a complete osteo-
I
specimen of this species, I made no dissection or post-mortem to discover logical
the conditions present.
I
feel quite sure,
was but a second example of the state of things I had described in the young Painted Turtle, re-
however, that
it
ferred to above.
on
its
me
by
in
any
turtle.
Now
more on
it
after the demise of the
was
left
for ten
days or
which was paintAs there was no occasion to it remained in one place for
a window-sill,
ed white. disturb
it,
several
days.
Brazil.
It
Upon
picking
it
up,
of
native
a
is
seems to be the
least offensive
of the live-bearing fishes, which with distinctive coloring has
aquarium fish. The ground color
made
it
its
a popu-
lar
is
over
yellowish,
which is distributed many black and blotches which may extend to the In common with most of the fishes fins. of the group to which it belongs the female is largest, reaching a length of one and three-quarter inches, half an inch spots
longer than the male. Consistent with
its size,
the
number
of
in a litter is not great,
but a goodly proportion will survive as the female
and
tic
yellow, with an irregular central figure, and surrounded externally by a jet black
specimen,
by aquarists,
ticitlatus
Its plastron,
outer surface, was of a pale, deep
pattern.
spotted tooth-carp, Phalloptychus
janiiarhts, formerly called Girardinus re-
young produced
This Muhlenberg's turtle presented another curious thing, never before noticed
The
to the level of the
grow up
to
To
not particularly cannibalis-
is
permit the young same tank unmolested.
often
will
in the
conserve food for
the
youngsters,
remove the parent. The best dry food is shrimp ground to
however,
well to
it is
Daphne ranks
a suitable size, while
among
live foods.
In
my
first
experience the
does not seem to care for worm, Bnchytracus albidus.
fish
the white
I
found that the black figure on the surface of the plastron was ])rinted in deep black on the white sill of the window, and no amount of ordinary scrubbing would remove it. Three more times the (lend turtle was ])ushcd to another ])lacc on the sill, and each time another ])rint was left on the white i)aint, though each
"The men who make
the
best
bands." says a writer, "are those possess
the
knotty type
square toes.".
But
a
of
foot
hus-
who with
young friend of
ours, addicted to stopping late, says they
make
the
worst kind
fathers-in-law.
of
prospective
London Opinion.
1
Motes on Fundulus D. R.
luciae
CRAWFORD
United States Bureau of
Fisheries
Fundulus luciae
This attractive
little
Baird's Killifish
minnow was
first
described by Professor S. F. Baird under the
name
of
Hydrargyra
luciae
from
ume X, for 1890, and pictures it in a drawing on Plate XVHI, which accompanies his
article.
Since 1890, nothing
a few specimens which he colllected at
further has been added to our knowl-
Egg Harbor, New Jersey. His demay be found in the Smithson-
edge, Jordan and Evermann merely changing the name to Fundulus luciae, and using Dr. Smith's description which
Great
scription ian
Report for 1854,
but evidently
his
specimens have disappeared, and nothing
is
was -known of this minnow until Dr. H. M. Smith, Commissioner of Fish-
here.
further
eries,
in the
summer
of 1890, collected
George
two specimens on St. which is near the mouth of the Potomac River. He has described it under the
name
Island
of Zygonectes luciae in the Bulle-
tin of the
U.
S.
Fish Commission, Vol-
sufficient
The
and need not be repeated
writer had occasion to collect ten
specimens of Fundulus luciae while iting
Lewisetta,
river
from
St.
Virginia,
across
vis-
the
George Island, for the
purpose of collecting other fishes, and, since very little seems to be known of the habits of this minnow, no excuse
;aqaattc Jlttc
76
washed
which tap water was
out, after
seems necessary for the following notes. Pundulus luciae was found rather
used
abundantly in a number of small tidal ponds near Lewisetta in company with other species of Fiindulus, Gambusia,
Further growth of the parasite seems to have been checked. The minnows remained on the bottom and lay very still for several days. It was noted
Cyprinodon and Lucania. These ponds have a soft, muddy bottom from which weeds grow abundantly in aquatic clumps, growth.
small
leaving
areas
free
of
the
replace
to
original
brackish
water.
habit
that this
bright
usually
is
sunlight,
dififused, the fish
displayed in
when the light is swim upward from the but
was apWhen such a minnows numerous cautiously, proached could be seen feeding, but upon the shghtest movement, they would dart into the clumps of weeds and bury themselves in the mud. If the eye was quick enough to follow them, they could be
bottom.
taken very easily with a small dip-net. It was observed that Fundulus luciae prefers to feed on the bottom, evidently catching the numerous animalcules which
lower parts of the body are brightest when the water is warm. The black spot on the dorsal fin, which does not show in the illustration, is sometimes scarcely vis-
place
When
are found in such places.
these
a for undisturbed while, they rise to the surface and lie motionless for long periods of time with the posterior half of the body hanging
minnows
remain
somewhat limply downward. their
darting
movements,
Except for they
swim
slowly and only for short distances be-
tween resting periods. Seven specimens were brought back were to Washington alive, and these of some aquarium with small in a placed the original brackish water and native In a short tirre, they became plants. accustomed to their confinement and further observations were made. The habit of feeding on the bottom which was observed in the field was again noted. Floating food was not touched, but when particles sank to the bottom they were quickly seized.
A
number
of small crus-
taceans were placed in the aquarium, but they were not eaten until after they had settled to the bottom.
On
June 15, about a week after the fish had been placed in the aquarium, the water became very foul and a small parasite attacked the tail of one of the fish. The fish were removed to clean, fresh water and the aquarium thoroughly
The
have faded somewhat in and they become even dimmer the aquarium is shaded with a black colors
captivity, if
cloth,
but they are very bright at times
when
the sunlight
The yellow
water.
ible in
strong
While the
strikes
light.
at the surface,
minnows
through the and
tints of the fins
usually
lie
two or more of near each other,
sometimes one above the other.
They
frequently come into contact while swimming about, but they are not quarrelsome and seldom molest each other. Mr. C. M. Breder, of the U. S. Bureau of Fisheries, deserves much credit for taking the photograph which accompanies this article, for it was only after four hours of painstaking effort that a suitable one was obtained.
A
joint
meeting of the Executive and
Annual Exhibition Committees of the Brooklyn Aquarium Society was held on Friday evening, June 4th. Subject to the approval of the Board of Directors of
Museum, September 23, and 26 were decided as tentative
the Brooklyn 24, 25
The communi-
dates for the next annual exhibit. secretary
was instructed
to
cate with nearby societies to ascertain
if
the designated days conflicted with any
arrangements they may have made. The committee is composed of Dr. Frederick Schneider, chairman C. E. Visel, C. Debus, J. Heede, George W. Post. John F. B. Johonnot, A. L. Wright, J. H. Shenk, secretary, 500 Eastern Parkway, Brooklyn. ;
t-
•f
HaplocKilus pancKax
WALTER LANMOT
BRIMD, R
Haplochilus panchax
HaplochUus panchax
India
one of the East
is
Indian tooth-carps which has been some-
what neglected by American aquarists, so that even the typical form the red phase has become quite rare in our col-
—
—
lections.
Compared
Haplochilus lineatns, species,
and
keep
with it is
cousin,
its
not a voracious
harmony
in happy family aquaria with docile species of its
own
I
it
in
size or larger.
It
seeks to avoid
rather than encourage clashes
Z. S.
with
its
Whether others secured to 1910, when I brought specimens from Germany, I do not know. A few years ago it was colfellow denizens. this
species
prior
me in Java by an officer on the Radja, one of the vessels of the Netherlands Steamship Company, and brought
lected for
to
New York
with
other
interesting
At the time of the end of the World War my collector was transferred to another ship and ceased to make fishes.
— •aqnattc f.itt
78
New
the port of
York, which brought to
The forms
typical species.
interbreed in-
importations from the Dutch
discriminately and the females cannot be
East Indies. A large specimen will be three inches in length, but when reared in the aquar-
crossing the red with the yellow some
a close
my
ium few individuals grow to more than two inches. The ground color of the body is olive on the back or dorsal region, bluish gray on the sides and whitVertical, indistinct ish on the abdomen.
from
distinguished
one
By
another.
show orange
of the resulting males will
instead of yellow or red and are very beautiful. It is quite
easy to breed panchax. -One
merely needs a small globe, some
mentous
fila-
algae, Nitella or small bladder-
aquarium
(old)
wort, soft
Keep
sunshine.
and
water
the fish apart until eggs
can be seen within the female when her container
is
held up to the light.
Then
introduce the male and place the globe in
They may begin spawnswimming side
the sunshine.
ing within a few minutes,
by
and
side
fluttering
fins
and
tails
against each other whenever they happen to
meet the bushy
large
plants.
—almost the
The eggs
size of the
are
head of an
average pin, and are attached singly by a
The eggs should
filament to the plants.
Haplochilus panchax blockii bars of golden scales are peculiar to the male, but are seldom visible.
The
tip of
and the margin of the tail are black outside and red within, the two colors forming a narrow border. A characteristic black blotch appears on the dorThe sexual sal as shown in illustration. the dorsal fin
be removed with the plants to which they adhere, and placed in a separate container in the sunshine, a mason jar answering well. At a temperature of 75 degrees, Fahrenheit, the eggs will hatch in
The
about ten days.
fry should first
be fed with Infusoria, and
later
screened Daphnia and Cyclops, failing these they will eat finely
with
though powder-
distinctions
are the acute extremity of
ed prepared food. Tanks containing this fish should be kept covered by a sheet of
the anal
and the color border of the
glass.
caudal
fin'
fin in
the male.
rounded anal and the colorless, as are
sexes.
The female has tail
fin
is
a
almost
the other fins in both
The general shape
of the fish
is
Many
and
called blockii, mattei, lutescens
so on.
A
yellow form and a blue-white
form occur vicinity of
and
in
Java, j)articularly in the
Soerabaia, in each of which
yellow and white replace the red of the
isn't
imagines he
even a successful
is
a
fol-
lower.
that characteristic of the genus.
Several color phases have been noticed
man who
a
born leader
Observer
— "I
noticed you got up and
gave that lady your seat in the street car "Since childthe other day." Observed
—
hood
I
have respected a woman with a Pennsylvania Punch
strap in her hand."
Bowl.
niie Red GEORGE
The Xanthic Form
RiA)ulus
S.
MYERS
of Rivulus
urophthalmus
/
/
The golden Rivulus, perhaps more commonly called the red Rivulus, is a native of Brazil, from whence it was taken lo Germany in 191 1. There seems to be some doubt as to the species of which it References may be a color variety. found to it as Rivulus poeyi flava, and it has been called R. harti. Stansch disis
poses of
it
as a yellow-red
urophthalmus, which
is
form of R.
probably correct.
cation, the fish
seems
form.
two and one-half
.Leaving aside the question of identifi-
The
prevailing
form is light orange-yellow, with lengthwise rows of small vermillion spots, the latter being more noticeable in The fins and eyes have a the male. greenish tinge.
doubt as to whether true poeyi has yet been secured.
albinotic
color of the
be R. urophthalmus,
arouses a
be an
It
or black coloring matter.
The fish called R. poeyi by aquarists when first imported, was later found to which
to
does not seem to have been determined whether it contains more than the normal amount of yellow pigment which in the presumed normal species is masked by the melanin (a xanthic)
It
breeds
egg-laying lochilus,
in a
It
reaches a length of
to three inches.
manner
cyp^nodonts,
Fnndulus and
similar to other
such as Hap-
so on.
The eggs
— jaquauc S.IU
80
are deposited on the leaves of floatplants like Myriophyllum, Riccia and the smallest bladderwort. The male and female should be separated for a time and then placed together for several days in
When
a suitably planted tank.
eggs are
The
Ideal Fish Food W. HEIDELBERGER The aquarist who does not give fishes the proper food loses much of F.
would
pleasure that
There
is
otherwise be
no better food,
his
the his.
in the experience
observed the parents should be removed. later they may spawn again. The fry should be provided with
of the writer, than the white earthworm,
an abundance of microscopic life (Infusoria and rotifers) and gradually introduced to the tiniest Daphne as growth
tanks of like
About two weeks
During breeding
proceeds.
it
is
well to
maintain a temperature of 80 degrees, Fahrenheit, while throughout the winter 75 degrees will be sufficient, possibly lower, but it is scarcely advisable to flirt with a minimum about which may lurk
The red Rivulus and
active fish
is
from being an hours
changing
its
in a
posi-
tempted with a scrap of raw
if
worm,
beef, or a
far
will "sit" for
plants, rarely
clump of but
it
will leap high out of
the water to secure the coveted morsel,
and for
this
it
this
reason the tank should be
To
albidus.
demonstrate equip two
necessary to
only
is
with the same number
size,
and kinds of fishes and plants. To the fishes in one give white worms exclusively, and to the others prepared food, oatmeal, chopped fish, scraped beef, etc. At the end of a month compare results. Those fed on worms will have grown and be in superior condition. Reverse the method and the fishes heretofore given
worm
danger.
tion,
Bnchytraeus
touch dry food, while
will barely
those in the control tank will ravenously
devour them. Feeding worms is
easy
is
if
aquarium
the
arranged with a space on the bottom
from sand.
free
full of
Just drop a bit of earth
worms over
The
the clear place.
fishes will take keen delight
pulling
in
provided with a tight covering of glass lest it leap forth unobserved and "dry up." The story has been told that one
the
an uncovered tank at the It soon disappeared. row. long end of a
During the three years the writer has used worms his goldfish have spawned a number of times in the aquarium, and he has some beautiful telescopes which were If chopped fine the reared on them.
was placed Days
in
later the
owner discovered
it
in the
tank at the other end of the shelf, concluding that "by leaps and bounds and
had managed in the interval of its seeming disappearance to exIt would plore the intervening tanks is direction thus seem that its sense of good, which is only one of the reasons for considering it an intelligent and in-
good luck"
it
eral
worms
member
of
an aquarian
col-
lection.
the
sale
out.
now
of
by
fry.
has a law prohibit-
any but
fresh
eggs.
What's worrying everybody, including those called upon to enforce the measure, is
how
smash
it.
is
all
know retal-
own "odorous" way when you The question is how to tell
one without giving
Columbus,
We
one that doesn't
to tell fresh eggs.
that a fresh Qgg iate in its
If you only care enough for a result, you will almost certainly attain it. William James.
it
will be taken eagerly
Pennsylvania ing
If after sev-
the earth.
feedings there remains some sedi-
ment, merely syphon
!
teresting
worms from
it
the
Christopher
An
Automatic Feeding De\)ice for Aquaria
CHARLES
M. BREDER,
United States Bureau of
Jr
Fisheries
/ }
\ i
It
quite evident to most aquarists
is
no doubt,
is
true but under the artificial
that the feeding of prepared foods once,
conditions imposed by the close confine-
or possibly twice, daily
not the best
ment of home aquaria, the writer has
method attainable for promoting growth and general vigor in fishes. Live food in quantities, no doubt, is the most nearly
bling to take place throughout long per-
ideal,
but
denied to
is
If,
example,
for
devote to
often asserted that in a state of
of the abdomen), and will then proceed
is
all
except those to
their hobby.
nature fishes in general able
and
tion
is
large
quantities
of
activity (usually with a visible distention
tend to
themselves with whatever food
is
gorge
as formerly with the constant
avail-
sent pickings
rest while the process of diges-
operative, repeating fhe cycle con-
tinually,
iods of observation.
Daphnia be introduced, the feeding will take on a sudden
it
having considerable time It is
found a quite continuous feeding or nib-
thus dividing their daily
into fairly well defined "meals."
food This,
as
the
and
digestion
inces-
of
previously ingulfed matter proceeds.
the It
would seem to follow that a gradual feeding would be more beneficial than Workthe methods usually employed.
J^quatlc
82
met
ing with this point of view in mind, a
that forms the valve, so allowing only a
scheme for feeding continuously was developed, and as most species confined in
certain predetermined
aquaria have been observed to rest at night, feeding during the daylight hours
need only be considered.
might be com-
It
amount of food to The two diagrams "A" and "B" show this action. While at rest "A" a hole in the bottom of escape at the proper time.
the reservoir
moving valve
opening
mercial hatcheries devoted to the rearing
allows the opening
of the Salmonoids,
etc.,
to detail attend-
ants to the feeding of the fry by
This
intervals.
definite
tinuous process,
it
at
moderately
in
amounts
large establishments
hand
con-
to a
being time to feed the
When
in the
an
above the large
directly
is
said to be the general practice in
to
fill
piece,
which
with
food.
impulse
electrical
sent
is
through the magnets causing them the armature,
attract
the strip will
to
evident that
is
it
assume position "B" and
block the hole in the reservoir and
al-
young by the time the Automatic dehas been finished.
low the food that was previously in the valve strip opening to fall below, as it
have been experimented with to energy, this expenditure of usually depending on water power, but
passes beyond the strap-like piece that
first
last
trough
full
of
vices
eliminate
so
far as the writer's information goes
Of
formerly held
vibrator shunted around
course a
the vibrating type.
point enters here that does not concern
ejected at a time
the aquarist as the food usually used by
size of the
wet and mushy, not being dessicated as is the customary
strip
ployed.
aquaria fish food.
strips
have been unsatisfactory.
these establishments
is
The accompanying
sketch and photo-
the
The
device.
clock which
A
be
ing contact with the stationary points at
cuit
VI and
The
XII.
closing of the circuit
at these periods causes a certain quantity
aquarium
of food to be dropped into the
below.
This period can be lengthened or
shortened at will by decreasing or creasing the
number
The food hopper
in-
of contact points. is
simply a
small
metal container to which the working elements of a
been attached.
common door
bell
The gong and
have
clapper
have been removed, the rod for supporting the clai)pcr being passed through the hole in a
stri])
of
rather heavy copper
if
the bell
The amount
is
of
of food
determined by the
is
opening made
in the moving and the thickness of the metal em-
A
number
interchangeable
of
might be employed for experimen-
battery of three dry cells will suf-
operate this
to
fice
mechanism is seen to be simply a switch of which the minute hand forms the lever with a small piece of phosopher-brohze wire at its tip, makthe
controls
course a
work.
tal
graphs explain in general the arrange-
ment of
Of
in place.
it
single stroke bell should be used, or the
much more
device,
although a
positive action can be obtain-
ed by using 4 or 6 in series, or any other available source of suitable current may vised.
A
switch introduced in the
(below the clock), was used
the action
in
the evening and
a hardship as one
visit
the
it
might imagine, as the
made
it
a
practice to
the aquaria before leaving
morning and again
fore retiring.
start
This was not such
again in the morning. writer naturally
cir-
to stop
Thus
in the
home
in
evening be-
the act of throwing
the switch in the proper direction at the
appropriate time soon became as habitual as winding one's watch.
However,
a re-
finement could easily be introduced doing
an
away with idle
this
switch, by engaging
gear (on the reverse side of the
mqu&tU ILUt with another, half
dial)
the hour
mounted on idle
hand
its
diameter,
This
spindle.
gear should carry a disc one-half of
which
should
be
composed
of
brass,
while the other should be of ebonite or
83
worth of
this
method was unfortunately
not possible owing to unexpected neces-
room used in was in progress on about I GO young Barbus conchonius and sity
for dismantling the
the experiment.
It
A
control tank
on the periphery of this disc bearing connected to one side of the circuit and
like the first in all respects
and contain-
the other connected to the stationary con-
to
other
insulating
A
substance,
tacts
would cause every revolution of the hand (once in 12 hours), and con-
sequently one-half a revolution of disc to alternate twelve
vitatus in a 4- foot tank.
ing similar
show
the
hours of closed
priod in which the device was in use lasted
erably greater in the machine-fed tank, w^hich
the day light hours close enough for most
noted.
purposes.
day clock
In this manner is
used, the
if
device
complete and positive
the most significant fact to be About four times as much was
is
at a
an eight
taken with by thus giving a
need be
through the day, instead of a time comparatively large quantity once a day. The writer believes tliat it would pay an
tliought of but once a week.
A
over a month. It was found amount consumed was consid-
little
that the
approximating
circuit with twelve open,
but feed by hand, failed same growth although the
fish,
the
DIAGRAM
"WIRIMQ
liour
brush
test
of the
all
little
——
;
j^lqnattc
84 with
aquarist
to
facilities
experiment
Utte These nerve
come from
fibres
large
with such an apparatus with a view to
nerves that originate in the nerve centres
positively -estabhshing or destroying the
brain or spinal cord, and in these centres
worth of the scheme. Any granular food could be used with the same proportional
are found special large nerve
chances
of
value of
its
success,
depending on the
ingredients, that
it
would
al-
low by hand feeding.
by the
"Electric" Fishes exhibit
Certain fishes
gan
peculiar
elec-
phenomena of muscles, nerves and
cells,
with
which the nerve fibres of the electric organs are connected and from which they Yet the electricity is not generspring. ated in the electric centres and conveyed electric nerves to the electric orIt is
itself.
only produced, however,
so_as to give a shock
when
set in action
heart,
by nervous impulses transmitted to it from the electric centres by the electric
of electric fishes.
nerves.
trical
which have given them the name These have the power of giving electrical shocks from specially constructed and living electrical batOur knowledge of their propteries. erties has been increased by measure-
There are few departments of physiolwhich can be found a more striking example of organic adapogical science in
tiveness than in the construction of the
ments made with a very sensitive galvan-
electric fishes.
ometer.
specialized organs for the production of
There are
in all
fifty species
about
of
these fishes, but electrical properties of only five or six have been studied in de-
The
tail.
best
known
are various species
of torpedo, belonging to the skate family, found in the Mediterranean and Adriatic seas
electricity
In these animals there are
on an economical basis anything
surpassing
The organs
man.
are
muscles or modified
which
yet
contrived
either
far
by
modified structures
glands,
animals manifest electrical
in all
Exchange.
properties.
the gymnotus, an eel found in the
;
region of the Orinoco in South America the malapterurus, the raash or thunderer fish, of the Arabs, a native of the Nile, the Niger,
Senegal and
other
African
and various species of skate found in the seas around Great Britain. The electrical fishes do not belong to any one class or group some are found rivers,
—
in
fresh water, while others inhabit the
They possess two
sea.
electrical organs.
One
distinct types of
closely relates in
structure to muscle, as found in the tor-
pedo,
gymnotus and skate, while the more of the characters of
other presents
the structure of the secreting gland as lustrated
thunderer a vast
by the fish.
number
each of which fibre.
electric
organ
Both types are
of
built
il-
the
upon
of microscojMcal elements. is
supplied with a nerve
Oceans are the earth's great storehouse They cover some eight-elev-
of water.
enths of the surface of the earth to an
They from all the contiback by way of the
average depth of about two miles. receive the ofif-flow
nents and send
it
atmosphere.
The
fresh waters of the earth descend
in the first instance out of the
They
rise in a
atmosphere.
vapor from the whole sur-
face of the earth, but chiefly
ocean's
They
from the
Evaporation frees them from the
ocean.
salts,
drift
these
being
non-volatile.
about with the currents of the
atmosphere, gathering its gases to saturation, together with small quantities of drifting solids; they descend impartially
upon water and land, chiefly as rain, snow and hail. Needham and Lloyd.
A
;
aquatic Cifr, 1920 Bctta rubra {II cede)
Wear a Handsome Solid Gold
ObNorth AmerPart VI iShufcldt) Beef Heart and ica, Beef Liver for Young Fishes Notes on MosLucania ommata (exquito Larvae (/frt/r) Habits of Fundulus nottii tension of range) and Heterandria formosa Linseed meal cause South AustraHan of disease among trout January,
]!):.'().
;
servations on the Chelonians of
Pin of Your Favorite Fish
;
;
;
;
;
;
Afjuarium Society, Passaic Aquarium Society, the Redfield Theory, etc.
Cop.vright,
Goldfish Foods and Feeding as OljservaPracticed in Japan (Nakashima) tions on the Chelonians of North America, The Mosquito (Hale) (Shufcldt) Part Maintaining Luciocephalus pulcher (Hccde) An Easily Constructed an Aquarium (TrcII)
February.
;
;
Prices
(including "War Tax) Lionhead, $7.25 (with ruby eye), $7.75. (with diamond eye), $9.25, We are in a position to supply pins of your favorite pet. Trice on application.
;
Scalare,
Roosevelt Wild Heated Aquarium (Finckh) Life Forest Experiment Station, February ;
etc.
The Breeding Season
The Australian Congolly (Hale) Observations on the Chelonians of North America, Part VHI (Shufcldt) IchthyopthirRivulus strigatus (Webber) ius multifilius (Brind) An Odd Trunkfish (Hubbs) North Society news. Carolina Notes (Carlton) March.
$7.25.
Telescope Telescope
;
Pointers,
Co
Supply
beautiful scarfpin and watch-fob for gfintlemon and brooches for ladies. Made of solid gold and ot very best workmanship. An odd and attractive piece of .jewelry now being worn by aquarists. Size of illustrations.
;
Vn
Stil-B-Nu
1919,
A
is
Here
;
Start Your Young Fish on Stil-B-Nu Infusoria Culture. Then Feed Them
;
Our Foods and Watch Them Grow
;
Stil-B-Nu Infusoria Culture is essential to all aquarists who desire to raise Gold and Tropical fishes. This culture is a result-producer. Full directions with each box. Price 50c., postpaid.
;
;
;
Mastacembelus pancalus (MacMorA New Treatment to Eliminate Ichthyris) Observations on the ophthirius (Hautliaway) Chelonians of North America, Part IX (SluiNotes on Haplochilus lineatus (Saivfeldt) The Artificial Production of Albinism ycr) A Metal Net for Larval Fishes (IVaife) The "Balanced Aquarium (Ballcisen) (Powers) Question and an Experiment Venus's Fly Trap, Notes and News. ApRit.
Stil-B-Nu Fishfood.
Scientifically prepared. Contains most nutritious ingredients. A proved and tested food for all aquarium fishes. A trial and your food problem is solved. Pine and coarse. Fine recommended for Tropicals. Price 20c. box; 3 boxes, 50c., postpaid.
;
;
;
;
Stil-B-Nu Dried Shrimp, Contains shrimp only, which is dried and properly prepared to make a choice morsel for all kinds of fishes. Coarse or fine. Use fine for Tropicals. Price, 25c, box, postpaid.
—
;
;
;
Stil-B-Nu
May. Aquarium Microscopy (France) A Observa"Tin Can" Aquarium (Balleisen) tions on the Chelonians of North America, Part X {Shufcldt) The Stud Fishes (Sa-wyer) The Guide Book to The New York Aquarium (Shufcldt) May Pointers, The
Fish
;
Price:
;
—a
non-poisonous
com-
6 tablets in
a box, 25c., postpaid.
Stil-B-Nu Aquarium Salts will go a long way toward keeping jour fishes in good health bv replacing the lime and salts as thev are absorbed b.y tlie fishes and snails. Price; 6 tablets in a box, 25c., postpaid.
;
;
Microscopical Society, Notes and News.
Macrones vittatus (MacMorns) BlueInteresting Abnormality (Taschc) Breeding Vivipaspotted Sunfish (Sawyer) Bufo halophilus rous Poeciliids (Ballcisen) June.
Remedy
bination for the treatment of fungus, tail-rot, etc., of Tropical and fancy Goldfishes. Don't fail to have a bo.x or two on hand for the first sisn of trouble. Full directions in each box-
;
;
An
;
;
Stil-B-Nu Nets 55c The Best Net Made
;
(Ruthling) Appropriate
;
Diatomaceae
The Diatomaceae (Wheeler) Names (Mellen) Boyer's "The ;
Made
;
of
Philadelphia"
and
society
3%
news.
in two sizes, and 5 inches.
manufactured by us from the very best materials.
Keep the food from Stil-B-Nu Feeding: Kings. Price, 15c., postpaid. spreading.
WANTED! Names
of collectors
and breeders of
—
Stil-B-Nu Aquarium Scrapers something new; order one today and avoid placing hand in the Price, 50c. aquarium when cleaning it.
tropi-
native and goldfishes. Wish to buy in large and small lots. All letters held strictly confidential. Address cal,
GOOD-WELD AQUARIUM 1111
Third
Street,
Milwaukee,
Easy-Reading Aquarium Thermometer. a
glance
aquarium
CO.
is
Pocket Magnifying Glass. Every aquarist needs good glass, especially when collecting insects Considering quality, this and raising infusoria.
chaetodon — The
is
priced very low.
$1,75,
postpaid.
Stil-B-Nu Aquarium Cement comes ready for use. 50c. pound, postpaid.
Black-banded Sunfish. $6 and $12 per dozen. If you mean business, send check with order 2145 South Lee Street, Philadelphia
Xo temperature of your water. complete without one. Price $1.00,
the
a
Wisconsin
GEORGE W. PRICE
at
postpaid.
glass
Mesogonisteus
Tells
I J
j
{ j I 1
[ 1
\ i
I i
;
/
Fishes, Plants, Aquariums, Books, Castles, Stands
J
Wholesale and Retail
\
\
STIL-B-NU SUPPLY CO
\
427
E. Girard Avenue, Philadelphia
j \
•4
:
=,c=»o
X3C3C
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Bureau of Fisheries Washington
March
1920.
6,
Mr. F. K. Christine, 518 Belgrade Street, "^
Philadelphia, Pa.
Dear
~
Sir
wish to advise that the Bureau purchased six boxes of your creative infusoria stations for the purpose of making some laboratory tests and tests at some of our aquatic life. Very for the purpose of determining its value in the creation of minute favorable reports have been received, and the experiments made at Washington have I
demonstrated that it is very excellent material for the production of infusoria. It is should be believed, however, that the amount you suggest to use to fifty gallons doubled. If the temperature of the water is in the neighborhood of 60 or 65 degrees If this is followed up by the production of F., much better results may be expected. daphne and other aquatic insects it is believed that the aquarist can have a very good range of aquatic life and at a very reasonable cost. It was found preferable to infusoria infusoria produced by hay in that it did not discolor the water, and the It was thought that by produced hay. culture the than numbers appeared in greater in receiving this
you might be interested
information.
Very In
Nuff said Kim
!
See
my
other
ad.— Francis K.
Food
Jenne.)
W.
J.
=J »M»BHBB»BVB»nn*.4
»BB»B»tlB
The Microscopy of Drinking
Street,
GEORGE CHANDLER WHIPPLE
By
J.
Professor of Sanitary Engineering in Harvard University. A book having
Red-bellied Dace $5.00 per dozen, including can, or will exchange for other fishes. Our price list is sent on request.
The Aquarium Fish Hatchery Humboldt Avenue, Milwaukee, Wis. -.nni-u
"bOCDOC
>»
Water
Mercer
Jersey City, N.
838
*T«»Bt*»B»MB»
_ WRIGHT
Avenue and
Bergen
G. C. LEACH. Charge Division Fish Culture
Christine.
jc
Live Food is Nature's Give your fishes white worms, which can be raised indoors throughout the year. Generous portion, 60 cents, with full instruc(Successor to C. E. tions for propagation.
truly yours,
>nm(
incyncf
a
on the work of the Even without a microscope enable him to comprehend the
direct bearing
aquarist. it
will
factors
controlling
character
the
the water used in his tanks. scribes
the
methods
of
It
examination
assisting in the identification of
Imported Helleri
We
have received direct from Central .'\merica 200 Swordtails (Xiphophorus The collector, unfamiliar helleri). This with the sexes, sent all males. circumstance affords aquarists an exceptional opportunity to inject new blood into their inbred stock. Sturdy specimens, three-fourths grown, 6 for Shipping can, 50 cents additional. $5.
CRESCENT FISH FARM 1624 Mandeville Street, New Orleans, La. j^>oooa=>ooo(
—
a
oooc
3000CZZ)OOOCr3000<^,
mon organisms found and interprets the
The larged,
comwater,
city
in
results.
third edition, rewritten
contains
of
de-
409
pages,
and enwith
74
figures, 6 full-page plates in the text,
and of
19
plates giving
organisms
paid,
in
2135
color.
illustrations
Price,
post-
$4.50.
The Book Department Aquatic Life
Tropical FisKes
!
j
large
I
a fine, other species
/
aquarium
\
breeders and
1
stock
of
Daiilo
most Barbus,
Haplocliilus,
many
malabaricus
(The
Danio.
of
fishes)
and
sprightly Moutli-
other beautiful fishes.
August Obermuller
)
Breeder and Fancier of Telescopes and Tropicals
96 Columbia Avenue, Jersey City Heights, N.
welcome at conservatory nfternoon and on Sunday.
any
visitors
J.
Saturday
TROPICAL FISHES Write
for Price List
A REAL FOOD |
Oscar
Leitholf,
Imported from Germany 100 Per Cent. Nourishment
281 SoutKern AS)enue
| |
Pittsburgh, Pa.
Same
as
the war. then.
Henrj) Breeder
Kissel, Jr.
}
& Fancier of Broad-tail Telescopes Good Type and Color
Tropical Fish
Plants
Some beautiful Hybrids None
in
Snails
which
I
specialize.
sliipped; sales at conservatory only.
241 Walker
I
I
am
401,
00;
both grains, 15c -
Always Used!
;
Two
)
Both for
Best Books
$2
Only
'
The "Practical Fish Fancier"
and "Domesticated Fish"
Cliffside. )
Ai
The Englewood Fancy Goldfish Hatchery
Fish Photos, 120 for $3 60 Fish Post-cards. New! 15c each; $1.50 doz
Everything above sent post free
Japanese Toy Breeds Sales at hatchery only
in
a variety of
colors.
â&#x20AC;&#x201D;
none shipped. Visitors Saturday afternoon, Sunday and Holidays. Phone, Wentworth 1118.
W.
welcome
ANTHONY
A.
MAINA, 6711 Parnell Avenue, Chicago,
Sometning Heated Closet
lSIe^\?!
for Aquariurrxs-
An
:
Aquariums
:
FisKes
MAX NIEMAND Long New York
743 Eleventh Avenue,
Island City
BRIND,
449 W. 206th
F. Z. S. New York
Street,
III.
i a
excellent arrangement in which to keep and breed tropical fishes through winter and summer
Plants
L.
or Excellent Conformation
n Color Cannot Be Beat
how Their
Quality in Finnage
ave Blues, Blacks and Calicos
m
very Fancier Should Look
a
ee
Them
| 2
j
(
I
i
5
Once Tried
I
Telephone,
sole
Pound, $5
f
Street, Cliffside, N. J.
and boxes before U. S. Agent now as box 35c. Samples of
sold in bulk
at C. C.
5109 Catherine Street
Them Over
VOWINKEL :
Philadelphia,
Pa
;
n-mni
"bocxjc
>nnni
irmnr
innnc
The Diatomaceae By
CHARLES
aoOOCTDOOOC
JCXDOCXXJCTDOOOC
and
of Philadelphia S.
BOYER,
R
A. M.,
SOOttf
Vicinity
R. M. S.
The most recent book of the diatoms, and one that is serviceable over a far greater area than is indicated by the title. A fascinating subject properly treated. More than 700 illustrations, enlarged 800 diameters, from original drawings by the author, adequately supplement the text. Methods of collecting, preparing, mounting and examining diatomaceous material are given. The work contains 143 pages, 9 by 12 Price, bound in art inches, not including the full-page plates, with complete index. vellum cloth, $5.00.
The Book Department if'oooc
OOP!
3
)000:
â&#x20AC;&#x201D;
3000<
3000000CZnC3OOC
)OOOC
JULIUS RIEWE III.
None
tropical fishes. mont 5092.
YOGI
THE FISH POND Lionhead Spawn.
Also Toung from the
ROBI.
1941
North 5th
Robert
'
SCHAIFFER^ 1
O. S.
Ask your dealer or send them direct
Schaeffer
J.
50c Postpaid
New
1818
for
Frankford Avenue
Philadelphia
For Sale An aquarium manufacturing works, with fn'ly Has been equipped goldfish and supply outfit. No operated successfully for eighteen years. Must be sold better or finer aquariums made. at once to permit the owner to give entire attention to other important business. Write for full particulars.
Street
Philaaelphia
J.
PSHI.
300Cci
Fishfood. The unconsumed food developing infusoria. 35c; by mail 38c
lacturMJ oolr by
finest stock in the country
SHAW,
Magic Infusoria Is.
FISH FOOD^
Telephone Bel-
shipped.
)OCOC
For best results use Yogi Fishfood Thats what breeders say. Yogi 15c Box; by mail 17c
'^OOO COKTAIHIKC THl"^
Fine stock of Danio malabaricus, D. albolineatus. D. rerio, Barbus conchonius, B. semifasciolatus, B. ticto and many other kinds of
3000
trv-mr
-innrv
''((ECEiJ4BT IKCtEOlENTS T"
BREEDER AND FANCIER OF TROPICAL FISHES 3519 Costello Avenue, Chicago,
Aquatic Life
::
Pioneer Aquarium Works.
Racine,
Wisconsin
"AQUARIA FISH"
Sale or Exchange
practical work on care and breeding of fish in the aquarium, greenhouse and out-
Surplus Stock of Rare and Fancy Fish
A
door ponds.
Finely illustrated. Everyone interested in keeping fish should send for a copy of this book. Price, $1.00. F. L.
TAPPAN, Route
2, Hopkins,
Plants of All Kinds G.
Germann, 0. D. 3823 N. Richmond
Minn
Phone: Monticello
St.
Chicago
6864.
Tropical Fishes Food and Snails Plants SWORDT.MLS
MP^XIf'AN
(Xii)hophonis hplleri), (i mnles and 6 females, the dozen, $7.00; Gambusia (Platypoecilus riil)ra), 4 males and S females, the dozen, ?7.00 holbrookl, per dozen, in pairs, $4.00; Paradise fish and Notropls metallicus, per dozen, ii;4.(lO Danio rerio, per dozen, $8.00. (Shipping cans, SOc.)
Knby
Moonfi.sh
PIvANTS I!it,
'>()<.;
bunches.
PER DOZEN:
Vallisneria (wide leaf), GOe. Vallisneria (narrow leaf, 30c.; Fros Hyacinths, 00c. Water Poppy, $1.00; Anacharis and Cabomba, THc. per dozen Twelve kinds of ariuarium plants, a fine assortment, $1.00. ;
;
AFTER JUNE water
;
lilies,
1ST: Red, white and yellow water $1.25 each. (All plants sent postpaid.)
lilies,
blooming
GROrXD SHRIMP,
the best dry fish food $1.10 per pound. per dozen; smaller. $1.00 jicr dczcn.
L^
CRESCENT FISH FARM, 1624 Mandeville
Street,
plants,
75c.
Large .Japanese
New
each; blu"
snails.
$2.00
Orleans, La, DCDCXI
—
—
!
j«ww
EVERYTHING IS FISH THAT COMES TO THE NET OF A NATURALIST
•
^
jinim "juuuic
Veiltail
Don't paddle In the water with one hand and In other wordi, be blind with both eyes. "keep your eyes open" for all nature.
TELESCOPES
Magazine
Our
>oum-
%\it C^nide to il^atute
Beautiful Breeders
Will Help You
Prize
BIGELOW, who It Is edited by EDWARD F. in t)ie heavens and earth, as well as the waters under the earth. Three Months' Trial 3Sc Ove Year, $r.30
Winning Stock
fishes
$12.00 Per Pair
THE AGASSIZ ASSOCIATION
Franklin Barrett
ArcAdiA Sound Beach
Connecticut
401
to
417
10C3C
Red
FISH,
PLANTS, SNAILS, ETC
—
Wholesale and Retail
stock of Haplochilus cameronensls, H. Hybrids pulchras and rubras and 35 other species of fishes. fine
THE BEST BOOK
—
rubroistigma.
New York
235 East 11th street,
M
M-innr-
•>c<rrM
&
"Goldfish Varieties Tropical Aquarium Fishes", byWm.T.Innes, (otmer President of the Aquarium Society of Phila.; 250 pages, 195
is
city,
N. Y.
(Between 2d and 3d avenues.)
—y
aquarium fu£j^
tTe
SILVER
S.
ftrn
Wyoming Avenue
1
Helleri
Winner of first prizes silver cup and gold medal. A new fish for aquarists. The most attractive live-bearing fish. We now have them for sale.
A
East
Philadelphia
»—<rf
i<
Tells all about the fancy varieties of the Goldfish and 300 tropicals ; how to breed them, etc., etc. For the beginner illustrations.
OOOCXX30(XX3CX30CX3C
nearly
——
SPECIAL
or the advanced expert.
A
>
§ \
Combination Offer $1.00
g
Postage 15c Extra
§
§
1
Pound Aquarium Cement
1
Square E-Z Net
1
Box
of Creation
All
\
my
-
50c 50c 50c
3 for $1.00
Infusoria.
8
18 Gallon
Round Cedar Breeding Tubs
other
-
ad.
Price $3.50
fi
Q Q
|
INNES
book,
& SONS
§
JOSEPH
133 N.
12tli St.
Plula
HAEGELMEIER
FANCY GOLDFISH
(J
§
J.
IMPORTER AND BREEDER 1916
PROVENCHERE PLACE,
in
Philadelphia
U
g fi
GOLDFISH 1,500,000 PLAIN &
518
BELGRADE STREET PHILADELPHIA
Joexxxxaoooooormrx
>c=aooocx30ooooooooocr
FANCY
Ready for market at rock-bottom prices. ped anywhere in United States or Canada. for our
FRANCIS K.CHRISTINE
L
CXXXXXXXXXXX)OOOOOOOCX}OOCXX)OOCX)l
call
the Bell Phone.
MO
n
f]
When
ST. LOUIS,
Large Assortment of Fancy Fish at All Times
Orders taken for 1920 breed of Broadtail Telescopes.
me on
-
Q
Kinloch: Victor 2656
y
See
complete, practical, handsome sent postoaid anywhere for Enlarged edition now ready. $4.00
§
about Creation, the new Send for a free sample
ft
\
illustrated
Ship-
Write
catalogue.
Oriental Goldfish and Suppl>) (Zo 3757
-
3761 Cottage GroOe Avenue Chicago,
Illinois
— Jin
>OOOOOC>OOOOCXJOOO<
aquatic Ette Volumes average
many
165
Street, PhDadelphia,
PETERS Pa
BREEDER AND IMPORTER Rare and Fancy Fish
cloth
Plants of every variety, Snails and A<inarium Supplies of all kinds at all
page and complete
title
1210 N. Warnock
pages and as
Substantial
illustrations.
binding, with
P.
IV
Vol.
Vol. Ill
HARRY
index.
times.
MANUFACTURER OF
$2.50 Each, Postage Paid
Green River Fish Food
3000000000000000C
OOCTDioooooooooocxxxx)c:
15c Box
Green River Baby Fish Food
JAPANESE GOLDFISH By DR. HUGH M. SMITH
20c Box
A
A
guide to the methods of breeding fancy goldfish practiced in Japan. The result of the personal investigations of the author. Ten breeds are illustrated in color, with numerous text
moat
cuts; 112 pages.
$2.75 Postage Paid n
Address Aquatic Life
GOOD
POOD
FISH
—
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HERMAN RABENAU,
Aquarist
PERMANENT DISPLAY OF Aquatic Life must be seen
Young
Welcome
Importations of
New
Varieties received
1210
1108 Mjrrtle Avenue. Brooklyn, N. Y.
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Up
P.
PETERS
NORTH WARNOCK STREET PHILADELPHIA
Near Broadway. innrM
$5.00 Dozen
HARRY
regularly
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Veiltails
Shipping Cans 50 cents
Plants and Tropical Fish a Specialty
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GOLDnSH, FOODS, PLANTS, DIP NETS Combination Natural Fish Food
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Sample Box 10c
Japanese Shrimp Fish Food
•
Sample Can 15c
Nippon Goldfish Co T.
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M,URATA,
Proprietor.
Baby Fish Food
Sample Box 15c
1919-21 Bush Street, San Francisco, Cal
Imported Dried Daphnia
Sample Jar 35c
Importets atsd Dealers
Mai/ Ordtrs Promptly Attended
to
GOLDFISH
Special Prices on Quantity Lot«. Caah With Ordsr.
Catalogue
Sent
i;i>on
AQUARIUM STOCK CO 174 Chambers Street
::
New York
PLANTS
SNAILS
Dried Shrimp, Bi^ds, Cages and All Supplies
Keiiut-Ht.
City
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L^rge assortment of Splendid Telescopes and Jap Goldfish at Reasonable Prices
to be appreciated
Visitors
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All Colors
& Terraria
one of the
is
necessary to keep fish in good health. After the test of years Green River stands out as the best food on the market. It keeps the fish in good color by promoting a healthy, robust growth. It will not sour ot cloud the water. Ask vour dealer or send for it today. things
essential
NEW STOCKS ARE COMING! Price List Sent on Request