^L
Jacob C. Cassel 915 Arch Street, Philadelphia, Pa Manufacturer of
AQUARIUMS Aquarium Ornaments Floral Terra Cotta, Etc. Fish Globes
Goldfish
and
all
aquarium
Fish Food
requisites.
Send for Catalog.
UCXXIC
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—
)OOOC
3000I
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DOOO<
Aquarium Specialty Co. Fine stock of present
Under
tropical fishes, specialize
"We
414
Plain Xo. •
2.
"
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4.
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— — — —
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On Legs $1.65 2.15 3.00 4.00 6.00
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Dip-Tubes. all
Automatic
purposes.
From
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breeds of gold fish the year round. conditions we still succeed in showing an unusual good variety of and imports are coming in quite frequently. plants and snails. in aquatic
Steel
Bottom
Slate
TREMONT AVENUE
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REVISED STOCK LIST OF AQUARIA OF Galvanized
=c™
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"
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—
22
gal.
$8.00
MUSEUM AQUARIA EDGAR Director,
R.
WAITE.
South Australian
F.
L.
S.
Museum
â&#x20AC;&#x201D;
;;
flquatU
152
from back to front than either of them this was glazed with opal glass to exclude excess of light, dust and fingers. A small cup-hook was put into the lower side of the frame at each end and, vertically below each hook, a ^-inch hole
was bored through the base board. small screw-eye was next soldered
A into
IKr
from the light of sunny Australia. This was done by means of two sheets of one opalized to diffuse the light and confine attention to the inmates in-
glass,
stead
of
permitting
of
inspection
the
view outside the window, and the other
when
of green color to be used
direct
upon the aquaria. These sheets rested upon the felt on the baseboard and were inclined backwards sunlight
fell
above, being caught by a
fillet
underside of the frame, which
remembered
is
on the be
will
three inches wider than
Ample
the accumulator jars. Is
it
air space
thus insured between the glass sheets
and the wall of the aquarium, a provision
made
to counteract the heating rays of
the sun
To
coming through the window.
feed the inmates or clean the ves-
the attendant gives the thumbscrews two or three turns and unhooks the rods from the frame the rods drop to the sels,
;
baseboard, but cannot
owing to the the frame is
fall to
the ground,
size of the screw-eyes.
As
lifted the vertical sheets of
glass are allowed to rest against the win-
dow
pane, and are replaced against the
when the operation is The photograph shows
finished.
fillet
ment as seen from the
the
arrange-
Two
front.
labels
are placed beneath each vessel, one giving the
name
of the plant and the other
The
that of the animal occupant. illustrates the fittings as seen
sketch
from one
end.
one end of a ^-inch brass-cased rod, was passed through the hole in the
this
hung on
and cut off inch below the board it was tapped for I inch and fitted with a thumbscrew the end was drilled and a split ring fitted. board,
the cup-hook
^
;
Two
Kindness is
is
Courage
contagious.
is
contagious.
Manly
contagious.
integrity
All positive virtues with
red blood in their veins are contagious.
Henry Van Dyke.
such rods were, of course prepared
for each
set.
It
As window blinds are furnished for the Museum, and not for the aquaria, it
Diseases are not the only thing that are contagious.
became necessary
to shield the latter
more
were happy
we
if
in natural things
;
studied
nature
and acted accord-
ing to nature, whose rules are few, plain and most reasonable. William Penn.
â&#x20AC;&#x201D;
GopKer Frog
Florida DR.
Figure
1.
GopKer Frog
R.
(
Rana oesopus).
This curious American frog was originally described by Professor
Cope and
named Rana oesopus, receiving its vernacular name of Gopher frog from the habit
gopher son
has of hiding in holes of the
it
breeding sea-
tortoise, after the
which time
over, at
is
disposition. In
restricted
to
its
range
it is
it
of solitary
appears to be
the peninsula
of
C
W. SHUFELDT,
Florida,
Natural
size,
from
M.
Z.
S.
life
in numerous other however for, during the month of March, 191 7, Mr. Nelson R.
undoubtedly occurs localities,
Wood,
;
Museum,
of the U. S. National
collected a fine specimen at Auburndale,
Florida,
and sent was in
individual
it
north
my
alive.
This
possession for a
few hours, during which time three or four negatives of
it
;
I
made
three of
having, up to recent time, been collected
these have been reproduced to illustrate
Micanopy, Clarcona, Orlando, Ozona, and Lake Jessup as a matter of
the present account (Figures 1-3).
only
at
;
fact
it
is
rather rare in collections.
It
One
of the peculiar characters of this
batrachian are the several dark brown
a
laquatk
154 spots on the irides of the eyes
;
they are
very striking, and at once command our The animal may grow to be attention.
some four inches
known
in
length, and
fact that the female
Some
the male.
is
it
is
a
larger than
of the books give other
measurements very fully, and its topoanatomy has likewise been Individuals touched upon by authors.
graphical
ILitt
even grayish or light pur-
ish shade, or
Dorsally, the warts are yellowish,
plish.
and the
lateral
much dark
while
folds
brilliant
speckling
orange,
seen on this
is
part of the body, as well as on the
lips,
the jaws being unusually massive.
The
dark tympanum upon either side has a light-colored spot occupying its centre.
Limbs barred with dark brown
trans-
versely, five of these being very conspicu-
ous on the
Taken
legs.
altogether,
is
it
with respect to
species
most striking
a
appearance,
its
and certainly a very peculiar one in regard to its habits. So well is this all shown in the figures that any further description here would consume space to no end. It is readily distinguished from other species of our frogs, as from R. areolata, and still more so from R. pipiens or R. palustris.
At
either shoulder the
Gopher frog has
a large vocal pouch, capable of inflation
marked degree.
These pouches are and they give, most unusual appearance when fully into a
found only
in the male,
flated.
Gopher frogs are very clever at hiding, and when doing so they change color at will, assuming a whitish tinge, or brown,
Some-
or deep purple, to intense black. times,
when handled,
from the skin
the animal secrets
a peculiar secretion,
which
has by no means a pleasant odor.
Mary Figure 2 and 3.
Dorsal and ventral views of the
same specimen shown
From \ary
in
their general
being of a
Beneath,
it
light, is
in
Figure 1
Life
coloration,
some
others of a dark brown.
glistening white, the throat
and hind limbs being shaded with pale gray, the former beautifully speckled with spots of various forms these occur also on the limbs, while but few are found elsewhere. Specimens have been taken having the upper parts of a yellow;
C. Dickerson, a great authority
on our batricians, has pointed out in her "Frog Book" that this "frog is so wary
and has such strong habits of hiding, that but few specimens have come to light.
The wariness in a habit
of this species has resulted
of spasmodic instead of con-
tinuous activity.
Its
method,
the cricket grasshopper,
observe.
minutes
It
is
remains absolutely quiet for
at a time, relying
tive coloration, until the
nigh upon
it.
like that of
ludicrous to
When
the
on
its
danger
protecis
well-
movement comes,
;
Aquatic with startling suddenness and dis-
is
it
155
JLitt
Notes on the Diatoms
patch, leaving the frog statuesque again
and observant, but
new
in a
place"
ANNA
The specimen Mr.
Wood
collected ap-
peared to be quite at
home
in the
and when
water,
alone in an aquarium jar
left
morning be squatting down among some dark-
for the night, he
was seen
in the
colored stones in a peculiar attitude
he
;
had assumed an almost entirely deep black color that was quite protective. Gopher frogs feed upon small birds and insects, but most commonly upon toads, the last giving them no end of discomfort on account of the acrid secretion from their parotid glands. Indeed, after a meal upon a big toad, this frog has been observed to go through a .series of somewhat extraordinary spasmodic movements, frantically trying to clear its
mouth with
fore
its
of the semi-
feet
poisonous juice the batracian he had en-
deavored to swallow had squirted into
So big
is
frog that
it
however, that
feat,
it.
mouth of this Gopher can manage to swallow a
the
full-grown specimen of our
â&#x20AC;&#x201D;a
BEWLEY
are among the most interand fascinating subjects that may
The diatoms
195)-
to
K.
(p.
There
appears to enjoy.
common in
it
is
toad
no way
much
to be
esting
be
with the compound micro-
studied
They can
scope.
well be termed ubiquit-
ous, because they are present in ters,
fresh and
from pole
salt,
wa-
all
to pole.
Naturalists formerly classed the diatoms as animals in consequence of their
power
of movement, but further study with the
improved microscopes, and con-
aid of
firmed by chemical research, resulted in a transfer to the vegetable kingdom.
The
plant consists of a silicious en-
velope
three
in
somewhat
joined
parts
after the
manner
together
of the old-
fashioned cardboard pillboxâ&#x20AC;&#x201D; top and bottom caps held together by a ring. They are of every conceivable shape, but are
miscroscopic
in
all
Their great
size.
marking or sculpAlmost every imaginable geometric design is imitated, and the resemblance is sometimes indicated by beauty consists
in the
ture of the envelope.
the
name
Heliopclta,
:
the
sun-shield
The
Arachnoidiscus, like a spider's web.
markings on the valves of some species
means
learned about this species yet, and speci-
are not by any
mens
even with the highest magnification and
will be
welcome from any one
ing in those parts of Florida where
livit
is
careful manipulation of the microscope.
Plenrosigma, a favorite species to test
found.
the
A
stingy angler
was
on a Scottish loch on a drenching day. He had been consoling himself from his flask and forgetting his the
man
if
Presently he asked
gillie.
there
fishing
was
a dry place
on the
boat on which to strike a match.
"You might gillie;
easily discerned,
"it's
try
my
throat," said the
dry enough."
power of an instrument, appears,
when magnified 500 marked by
practice
;
a treatise
written by a
centurv.
of carp
is
usually larger than those of fresh water. Little
a very ancient
on the subject was
Chinaman
during^ the third
be
(90,000 would
measure but an inch across), but when magnified 2800 diameters the design is found to be reticulated resembling bobThe species of salt water are inette. is
portance
The rearing
diameters, to
parallel lines
known
of
the
young
fishes,
found
in their
in regard to the
diatoms as
though
they
food
have
imfor
been
stomachs, but they form
the food of oysters
and other molluscs,
and have been found
in the gizards of
—
—
laquatu lite
156 fish-eating birds
and
in
guano.
Dr. Car-
it
be pure and not contain other matter
penter considers that the diatoms are an
difficult to separate.
important factor in maintaining the equihbrium of Hfe in the South Polar Ocean,
lected in
"since there
is
a
marked
deficiency in
this region of the higher forms of vege-
tation,
were
it
not for them there would
be neither food for aquatic animals, nor (if it were possible for these to maintain
The fresh-water
species
springs and
may
be col-
roadside ditches,
appearing as dark amber patches. Almost
pure
can
collections
pipette,
be
and may be seen
They
sunlight.
made with
grow almost
will
a
to glisten in the indefi-
themselves by preying on one another)
which may be termed "micro-aquaria," and will be a
could the ocean be purified of the car-
continual source of delight to those hav-
nitely
small vessels,
in
bonic acid which animal respiration and
ing a microscope with which to study
decomposition would be continually im-
them.
parting to
it."
In
some one
aged, and
is
value,
line is to
be encour-
indeed necessary,
order
in
where one's work
to reach a point real
research, while special-
all scientific
ization in
we should
yet
build
is
on
of a
broad foundation, by acquiring a good
'^
general knowledge of scientific subjects, for by so doing
we
are better able to
wrestle with the problems Arachnoidiscus
Heliopelta Drawnings
The diatoms play economy
part in the
by
in
we
are sure
Lorquinia.
Author
a not inconsiderable
of
E. E. Hadlcy
to meet.
mankind
as they
form a component part of metal polishes Quite a number of much-used tooth and metal pol-
None how to
but
the
man knows
well-bred
confess a fault, or acknowledge
himself in error.
that are abrasive in action.
I have a slide of forms taken from "Silver Suds" polishing powder, which was prepared by Mr. Frank J. Keeley. The wellknown "turkey-stone." so much used for sharpening edged tools, is composed of the remains of diatoms. Throughout the world there are numerous almost pure
"Why
ishes contain them.
freshwater
fossil deposits, often of considerable extent.
Richmond. Virginia,
is
underlaid
by a stratum of diatoms, in some places lying fifty feet below the surface. Such deposits were formed while the locality was under water, and similar ones are It is from such being formed today. fossil
formations
that
the
material
is
taken for commercial purposes, provided
does
the
Professor
those letters tacked on to his
have
all
name?"
"That shows he got there by degrees."
—Exchange.
Aquatic Life has proven very tive
a sacrilege
MEisTER,
attrac-
would seem almost to criticise it.— Alrich BurManager, Pacific Goldfish
and helpful.
It
Company. I
of
am my
inclosing one dollar for renewal
subscription
number was worth more
In your last that
of
the
year's
to I
to
Aquatic Life. found an
me
article
than the cost
subscription.
John
C.
White, Alabama.
i
ScKomburgki
Pol3)centrus
WALTER LANKfOY
BRIND.
Z.
F.
j
S. i
"King
after the display of the fascinations of
by the natives of Trinidad, British West Indies, is one
the male, the female decided to investigate the pot, and followed him cautiously.
schomburgki,
Polycentrus
Cascarob," as
of
my
it
earliest favorites
among
tially tropical fishes, as I
I
minute
the essen-
procured a pair
The
from secured them gave me the most
in the spring of 1910.
whom
or
called
is
instructions
aquarist
how
on
to
breed
The
inspection being satisfactory, the eggs were deposited on the ceiling of the pot, to which they adhered closely. This
accomplished, the male chased his mate into the farthest corner of the tank, and
was necessary to provide a suitable home, and as a uniform temperature of about 80 degrees Fahrenheit was needed, I had my first tropical aquarium
them.
It
built.
This provided the exact condi-
tions
prevalent in the tropics, namely,
warm water and atmosphere above it, and deep, rich soil for the plants, which insured a splendid growth.
The
pair
showed
soon
nounced approval of at
my
their
efiforts,
pro-
for they
once entered into possession of the
"palace," which laid
upon
was
its side,
a six-inch flower pot Polycentrus schomburgki
with the entrance fac-
ing sidewise to the east
;
the
aquarium
faced south. The maneuvers of the fish were comical. The male began by adopting an intense blue-black color, with white spots in diagonal rows on the sides.
His eyes gleamed like live coals. The entire fish was a scant two inches long, and was full-grown. The female was light pinkish brown, with a decided salmon-tinted patch on the abdomen, The male indicative of ripe spawn. swam about her in a most amusing manner, sometimes backwards, then sideways, again with his body at an angle, but all the while watching her closely with fiery eyes. Finally he retired within the flower pot, swimming backwards until he was entirely out of sight. Soon
made her
At
"stay put."
removed her
this
time
I
to another tank, otherwise,
unless prevented by the male, she would
have eagerly devoured the eggs.
From posited,
days
the
and
moment
stream of
As soon hung to
his
soft,
three
male assiduously fanned
later, the
them with
the eggs were de-
they hatched,
until
fins,
warm
sending a constant water among them.
as hatched the
little fish literally
the leaves of the plants.
A
few
days later, having developed sufficiently, they detached themselves and chased infusorians, later devoviring tiny Daphne.
As soon
as they
had grown
sufficiently to
male was aquarium. {Polycentrus, many spines; schomburgki, in honor of Schomburgk.) resemble
moved
their
to his
parents,
mate
the
in the other
â&#x20AC;&#x201D;
SiquatU lilt
158
Carp Culture
We
in
Japan
are pleased to submit the followfrom the Imperial Fish-
ing information
Bureau, Tokyo, Japan, on carp culture, which we believe will be of interest to the many readers of "Aquatic Life"
one and one-half acres), 240,000 fish, weighing a momme (3.7 grams), or 5400 or 10 momme (37 grams) each, can be In the second year
harvested.
eries
fish are raised
five to six
per tsubo (six square feet)
and should weigh a pound and
of pond,
:
The propagation
of
carpio, has been practiced
times, and the business
Cyprinus
carp,
from ancient is
present
at
established in nearly all parts of
Japan,
but the most important districts are the warmer parts of Nagano, Gifu, Aichi
German carp was
and Shizuoka. introduced in distributed
first
1904, and the fry have been
among
the districts, but so far
not welcomed in the marThe fish are raised in all parts in ket. freshwater bodies, ranging from large this species
two or three fish, weighing two and one-half pounds each, are
the final period
yielded per tsubo.
When
used the fry are
rice-fields are
liberated in the spring,
when
planted in the watered
field,
at harvest
the rice
is
and caught
The
time in autumn.
fish
are
fed on silkworms, rice bran, rice flour,
wheat
flour,
is
lakes having an area of several
In
a quarter at the end of the period.
bean cake and various other
Alvin Burmeister, ManaCompany.
vegetables.
ager, Pacific Goldfish
hundred
thousand acres down to swamps, moats, marshes, ponds, open sewages and rice
The
true naturalist
not limited to
is
any one branch of nature-study. Though
even several square yards. The water-depth is generally three to four
he
ular branch,
if
and standing water and streams are In the mountainous equally suitable.
persistently,
he will find that he must
Nagano, Gifu, Yamanaused shi and Yamagata, running water is for the ponds or moats. Two methods of propagation are practiced, the "natural" and the "contracted" In the former the seed fish, or plans.
closely connected with
fields of
feet,
regions, such as
fry, are liberated in natural lakes. is
This
practiced in the lakes of Biwa, Kasu-
may make
inform
may
he
I
have received a
orders for Enchytrse
made
a
is
to raise seed-fish or fry.
pond of a thousand tsubo (about
line
order that
ing
I
life,
lot
of replies and
worms and
a shipment to England,
from
my
advertisements
inclose one dollar to
Aquatic
renew
Life.
recently
all
in
â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Charles B. Jenne.
scription to
From
other
in
it,
and
better understand the one of his
perimental Station has a plan to hereafter place two million fish a year in
chief objective
some
on
partic-
closely
it
choice.
Life.
waters are of small area, such as artificial ponds, moats and rice-field ditches. The system naturally divides into three periods, known as first, second and thirdyear growing. During the first year the
he follows
himself
migaura and Kitaura. Since 1908 eight million young carp have been freed in Lake Biwa. The Ibaragi Fishery Ex-
Lakes Kasumigaura and Kitaura. In the contracted or compact plan, the
some
a specialty of
result-
Aquatic
my
sub-
sure has
It
gives life and saves lives.
â&#x20AC;&#x201D; N. Ol-
GER Helgesen. In the United States alone, the Carp
family numbers upwards of two hundred species.
The whole scheme nature and
and
its
man
reward
is
of things, both in
creations certain.
is
efficiency,
Vallisneria Spiralis C.
J.
HEEDE
i
The
subject of this article, VaUisncriu
Tape or
the
spiralis,
Eel-grass,
is
well
known
to most aquarists. It ranks a close second to the species of Sagittaria in
popularity, though
oxygenator, and
is
it is
not inferior as an
particularly useful in
The
aquaria.
self-sustaining
generic
name, Vallisneria, was given by Carolus
plasts (the grains of green coloring ter)
matarrange themselves toward the
to
strongest light.
In
the
widely
United
States
distributed
streams
from
eastward.
in
the
Our
J^allisneria
is
ponds and slow
Mississippi
native
plants,
Valley
though
presenting no botanical distinctions, dif-
Linneaus, the father of botany, in his
Species Plantarum, 1753, and was in honor of Antonio Vallisneri, an Italian naturalist who wrote on plants and insects during the eighteenth century. specific
name,
The
spiralis, refers to the habit
of the stalk bearing the female flower.
The
species
is
dioecious,
which means
that the sexes are distinct, an individual
bearing either male or female flowers, but not both.
has
its
The female or
origin in the
pistillate
flower
and
rootstock.
is
born to the surface on a long, slender, Here it meets the male spiral stalk. flower, its
which had become detached from
short stalk at the base of the staminate
and pollination
plant,
is
eft'ected.
stalk of the pistillate flower recoils
the seeds ripen below the surface.
The and
Typical Vallisneria spiralis (female plant) and the
Form With Tortuous Leaves
and habits from the more European form. They are broad-leaved, coarser, and do not thrive throughout the year and multiply in the fer in aspect
desirable
This
aquarium.
method of sexual reproduction is rather uncertain, and is supplemented by multiplication by stolons or runners from the rootstock, from the terminal of which
sometimes
develops a
even
in
plant asexually.
Smith, in his book.
leaves are ribbon-like,
width throughout their length, the
leaf -cells
have long been a favorite
object, with microscopists to demonstrate
the
movement
tents,
of the protoplasmic con-
and the tendency of the chloro-
as
it
is
long to American
so
rium, remarks that
abruptly rounded, and brilliant green.
The
known
Several
The
or,
aquarists that the native plant is seldom used. As far back as 1902, Eugene
often be found attached in
manner.
this
tip
new
may
plants
has been
The European,
called, the Italian Vallisneria,
The Home Aquait
is
to be preferred
to the native form,
to
and adds that it seems be represented here by male plants
only.
A
foreign publication has reported a
form with tortuous leaves that is said to thrive in aquaria and maintain its characteristics.
The statement
is
made
that
—
<aquatU litt
160
was
it
which
collected in California,
is
undoubtedly an error, as the species does not range west of the Mississippi Valley. Too make certain that this range was correct,
Mr.
T.
F.
Brady,
aquarist, ascertained
a
California
from Prof. H. M.
Hall, University of California, that the species
was not known
to occur within
the State, nor beyond the limit given.
"barrel" that
was
the
to convince one "swearing off" had
sufficient
time
for
arrived.
The
Association, though
in its in-
still
made wonderful strides in membership. Five new members were enrolled at the meeting, and the names fancy,
has
of two women fish fanciers, Mrs. H. A. Altpeter and Mrs. F. F. Schneider, were
added
to the
list
—the
first
women
to be-
come members.
President Cassell read letters of acceptance from Professor Caswell Grave, Department of Biology John Hopkins University, Dr. Hugh M. Smith,
Cells from leaf of Vallisneria spiralis (greatly enlarged) showing
chloroplasts the green coloring matter
To grow sturdy, bright green plants, the bottom of the tank should be quite Though it will do well in sand rich. alone in an old tank with the bottom enriched by the droppings of the fishes, it is
some sort of with the mixed Leaf mould
usually advisable to use
fertilizer.
sand is preferable. In changing plants from one aquarium to another it is well to have the water in both receptacles of
same temperature. The roots should be well spread and deep planting avoided. the
A study of microscopic animal life specimens from the aquaria of members was the feature of the meeting of The Aquatic Association of Maryland held on the evening of July ii, in the Lexington
—
Building Annex, Baltimore. The members were "tipped off" vance, and
were
jars
when and
ad-
the meeting began there
hand, each holding prized specimens to be scrutinized through the microscope. Daphnia, Cyclops, larva of mosquitoes, eggs of fishes, frogs and snails,
all
—
The Essex County Aquarium Society, Newark, N. J., will hold its second annual exhibition from September 13th to T6th inclusive.
brary,
passed
Some
of
the embryonic snails could be seen doing gymnastic stunts. A glance through the
The Newark Public
Broad and Washington
Li-
streets,
has kindly consented to have the exhibition staged in the library building, and has promised very desirable space. The show will be competitive and is Five silver cups are open to anyone. offered as prizes, together with the usual A large first, second and third ribbons. silver cup will be awarded to the society having the largest entry. Information and entry blanks will be furnished upon application by the secretary of the Exhibition
in
bottles in great variety on
parade-like beneath the lens.
Commissioner, H. F. Moore, Deputy Commissioner and Henry O'Malley, Fish Culturist, United States Bureau of Fisheries, all having been elected honorary members. These gentlemen, all of whom occupy enviable niches in the world of science, expressed sincere interest and promised hearty co-operation. P. C. Ch.^mbliss, Secretary.
Committee.
Entries are invited from the aquarists of Philadelphia, Brooklyn, and from other points from which the transportation
expense
will not be great.
The
first
given by the society lasted but a day, and was non-competitive, yet was exceptionally successful. A public
large it
was
exhibition
number
shown and Hartshorn,
of fishes were
well attended.
— H.
I.
Exhibition Committee, Myrtle avenue, Neivark, N.J. Secretary,
12
Danio Analipunctatus ERNEST LEITHOLF i
Clean
attractively colored, lively
cut,
and well disposed towards other inhabitants of an aquarium, Danio analipunctatus, a native of Rangoon, India, is rapidly equalling the more familiar Danio rerio in popularity. Both sexes are alike
The
the distribution of the colors.
in
back
is
olive
sides with a silvery lateral
;
dered above and below with blue the
its
eggs are the largest, and for
this reason
the
it is
number
not as prolific in so far as
of eggs in a single delivery
While courting the fish active, and playfully chase each other incessantly, but do not indulge in fin-mauling, to which many fishes are addicted. While forcing her are concerned. are
exceedingly
and bor-
orange
with
suffused
stripe
genus,
lines,
lower one somewhat broader and
The
iridescent.
lines are carried faintly
through the caudal very, with a
minate
Abdomen
fin.
row of blue spots
sil-
that ter-
a cluster at the base of the
in
is spotted, and from which the species derives the specific name analipunctatus, meaning "spotted
anal
which
fin,
Ventral, anal and dorsal fins edged with grayish white, the first two anal."
faintly spotted
;
pectorals colorless.
This species makes no particular de-
mands
far
as
cerned.
When
as
maintenance
short of space
I
Danio analipunctatus
con-
is
have used
way through
the dense
growth of
plants,
aquaria holding less than a gallon, and
the female expells or "sprays" the non-
they seemed content and proceeded to
adhesive eggs, which
A
spawn.
large, well-planted tank
course, to be preferred.
is,
of
Neither are they
exacting in the matter of foods, as they will readily
kinds.
To
partake of the usual prepared
insure virile spawn, and when-
even obtainable. Daphne, larvae of mosquitoes,
and other
live
foods should be
furnished.
Spawning occurs every two or three days for a period of several weeks, and,
may number from The male by being near
several to a dozen or more.
manages his mate
to
"do his
bit"
to fertilize the eggs before they
reach the bottom.
The orgasm
peated several times during the day.
is
re-
The
eggs will hatch thirty-six hours to four
days
later,
according to the temperature,
which should be about 75 degrees Fahrenheit. Unable to swim freely for a day or two, the young hang upon the plants
happen again and so on throughout the greater part of the summer. Though
and sides of the tank. From this time, and until large enough to eat tiny Daphne, they need an abundant supply
smaller
of microsopic
after a rest interval of a
week or two,
will
than
the
other
species
of
the
life.
—
jftquatU JLitt
162
few youngsters aquarium with the reasonable numbers are
Geophagus Jurupari
It is possible to raise a
in a densely planted
parents, but
if
desired, either the parents or the eggs
must be removed
of glass rods or tubes the
snugly,
Or
be saved by using a frame
may
the eggs
to another vessel.
rods
made
a
to
fit
the tank
distance
sufficient
ERNEST LEITHOLF Like the other species of the genus
known
to the aquarian, Geophagus jurucomes from South America, and is found in the pools and small lakes of the Amazon region. The fish seems to have
pari
been
confusing
Schomburgk bucostictus,
perca
Guntber
called
The
surinainensis.
Geophagus it
Scatono-
have Geophagus
others
with
identical
it
ichthyologists.
as
it
while
leucosticta,
thought
the
to
classified
natives call
it
Juru-
meaning "Devil's Angle." Mandee, in his Year Book for 191 1, describes it and assumes that its habits
pari Pinda,
are similar to those of the others of the
™V
/'ji5fv<.''V'-\
Spawning Tank
Showing Frame apart
permit
to
Danio
for
in Position
eggs
the
pass
to
be-
tween.
No
and the
sides of the tank should exist, as
crevices between the frame
the fish might to the
manage
to
make
their
"forbidden ground" below.
way
When
spawn is observed upon the bottom, the frame should be taken out and the eggs removed to a hatching vessel, using a diptube to gather them.
Geophagus jurupari
had not been bred and indeed have not been able to find any referApparently
genus.
in captivity I
ence to
The fishes.
at its
sense of pain
A
own
very feeble
trout has been eye, placed
insensibility
and other
is
known
on a hook.
among to bite
Similar
has been noted in the pike
fishes.
Jordan.
its
up
habits in
That analogy apparent
in
my
—
—
poet."
more
recent works.
dangerous
will
next paragraph.
and
colors,
become The fish has
the
vicious
temperament
hence
not apt to enjoy a great degree
is
of popularity. Christy. "The alligator can go six months without eating." Long Locks. "Just the pet for a
is
attractive
lacks
it
to that time,
Its
of
its
relatives,
breeding habits are
decidedly peculiar, however, and for this
reason
Give
it is
this
well worth observation.
Geophagus a roomy aqua-
rium, several inches of sand, a
flat
stone
or two, and the proper warmth, about 75 degrees Fahrenheit, and its fancy is very
Keep thy shop open and advertise in Aquatic Life, and thy shop will keep
apt to turn to thoughts of love.
thee.
being consummated,
its
This
peculiar habits
j9qiiatic
become
will
apparent.
A
convenient
be selected, and beneath
stone will
it,
liCe
163
and has been worthless.
It
regarded is
as
abundant
practically
in the
Great
from end to end, a tunnel will be dug. Here the eggs will soon be deposited. When the young appear the parents guard them and lead them about the aquarium after the manner of the cichlids. A hasty approach, or any action deemed hostile will cause the parents and
product to the market, but also will tend to reduce the relative abundance of a
brood to hastily retreat into their cov-
species
ered trench, there to await the passing of
the
the danger, though in the
meantime one
Lakes and in sluggish waters from Minnesota and New York to Florida and Texas.
The proper will
which
other
valued
utilization of this species
only add another commercial
not
is
fishes
in the
most predacious upon that are more highly
fresh state.
of the adults will appear at the opposite
opening, apparently ready and eager to
charge any possible
foe.
Mr. Robert J. Macrory, of the Pittsburgh Aquarium Society, is the only aquarist, to the best of my knowledge, who has succeeded in spawning this species, and it was his pair that I observed as described. Unfortunately none of the
young survived
to maturity.
The
stone
under which the tunnel was dug measured fully
five inches^ in diameter.
Smoked
Dogfish
smoking various spefish, begun at the Fairport, Mich., station of the United States Bureau of Fisheries about two Experiments
cies
of
in
fresh-water
years ago, have yielded
interesting rePterophyllum scalare
sults.
The
bowfin, or grindle. which usually
regarded as practically worthless, has
Paullin's
Pterophyllum
scalare
have
who
spawned again This is not a startling announcement because it has happened a number of times, but very few aquar-
have eaten samples have spoken of the
ians have been privileged to witness the
and flavor of the meat, and some have pronounced it the best of smoked fish.
operation.
Further experiments are being made with a view to obtaining a product which will appeal to the trade in appear-
pairs of eyes "glued to the glass," the
is
been
found
to
yield
a
very
superior
product when properly smoked. All excellent texture
ance and quality.
The bowfin is generally known through the Mississippi Basin as dogfish.
!
It
is
doubtful
if
ment attends the function species.
Utterly
oblivious
in
less excite-
any other to
several
Other than the somewhat methodical movements of the fish, little out of the ordinary would have been apparent to the average man. A broad, curved leaf of Sagittaria had been sepair proceeded.
164
Slqixatit
lilt have spawned a number of times
fish
during the past few years, but once has
An international monthly magazine devoted to the study, care and breeding of native, exotic, domesticated fishes, other animals and plants in the home aquarium and terrarium. gold and
POYSER JOSEPH E. BAUSMAN W.
he succeeded in
Publisher
542 E. Girard Avenue, Philadelphia.
Entered as second-class matter, September 1915, at the Post Office, Philadelphia, Pa., under Act of March 3, 1879.
Aquatic Life has
circulation
largest
the
of
any magazine in the world devoted to this It presents to adbranch of nature-study. market that can be reached a vertisers through no other medium. Rates made known on application. $1.00 Yearly Subscription 1.35 Foreign Subscriptions 10 Copy Payments may be made by money order, draft
Single
Foreign remittances letter. registered If should be by international money order. local checks are sent, ten cents should be added for collection charges.
or
Copyright 1917 by Joseph E. Bausman
Vol.
August,
II
lected to bear the
The Toledo Aquarium
In connection with the aquarium there
No. 12
Slowly, with
ovipositor extended, the female, with her
body
at
the leaf
an angle of 45 degrees, ascended and expelled an egg. The male
followed leisurely, and fertilization was effected.
the leaf,
were
The eggs normally adhere to many
but in the present case
falling
to
the
exhibition.
Dr. A. de Clairmont has in press a pamphlet for free distribution, giving the story of the aquarium, as far as
in a
the parents,
those
stage.
who
desire to join in the
movement
be a source of handsome profits
it
will
in
more ways than one. The present exhibition found
consists of food
in
the vicinity of Toledo.
In spite of the
cramped space available
fishes
for the exhibition, the tanks present a
of any other aquarium in the States.
The
Aquarists'
Vade Mecum
During September the title page and index to the present volume will be pub-
Copy
lished.
will be
mailed to readers
who request it upon receipt of stamp. Volume II, in substantial cloth bindwith
ing,
title
page and comprehensive
warm
pages, and about the
temperature
which they adhere, by
when
now
index, will be ready for distribution Oc-
For in about two and one-half days. about a week the fry are moved from leaf to leaf, to
it is
and how it is proposed to establish in this city one of the largest marine aquariums in the United States, which promises not only to be a source of educational interest and pleasure, but to built,
tober
The eggs hatch
The Aquarium Book
Shop, to help pay the expenses of the
bottom and being
devoured.
swimming
will be established
very favorable appearance, equal to those
1917
eggs.
to
fin-race;
The temporary home of the Toledo Aquarium was opened to the public on Monday, July 2, at 223 Superior street.
2,
Practical articles and notes on topics pertaining to the aquarium and terrarium are always wanted for Aquatic Life. Readers of the magazine are invited to join in making it a medium of mutual help, and to contribute The to it any ideas that may occur to them. pages are always open for anyone who has anything helpful and practical to say. Manuscripts, books for review and general correspondence should be addressed to the editor.
young
the
scalar e, a ladder, to climb.)
Editor
A.
raising
{Pterophyllum,
maturity.
they reach the free-
Though Mr.
Paullin's
The
1st.
volume contains 164 same number of
some in color. Price, $2.25, Inasmuch as the number is
illustrations,
postpaid.
limited, orders should be placed at once.
The
cloth edition of the first
volume was
exhausted within four months.
—
y
n rOSCAR
30ooc^:zr:Doooc:^i=3oooc
vyvi<
mo
«
:
Otto Walter
Brooklyn, N. T. Wear Evergreen Avenue L Station
86 Su2?dam
Street
Telescopes
PLANTS
GOLDFISHES
5-
Calicos
Japs
Planorbis
Fan-tails
inm-K
AND
«
K
—
Write
\
u-inoi
«-iR
& Japs, $2
1309
L..
per 100 Eggs
Regular and Baby Fishfood,
piiblislied
Is
Club,
lUc.
Box
W. E. WALP NORTH 55TH STREET PH1L.AI>EL,PHIA
LORQUINIA— The
hy
the
and contains original of the West.
clufling
ol)servatit)ns
Associate $1.50 per year.
particularly
suliscription,
Natural
Lortiuui
of
Histury
naturalists,
meiubership,
in-
which can be raised inyear round. Portion 50c (cash or order) with instruction how to breed them
all
money
CHARLES
West
Street.
23r<l
Ivos
Angeles. Cal.
%\\ l^driettrs
George's Imperial Fish Food 10c Postpaid Dried Shrimp Box lOc, per pound 60c :
:
:
AQUARIA
PLANTS
ALL SUPPLIES
W. 60th and De Lancey
N.
EDWARD
S.
Emporium All
Food
Utility
712 Twelfth
Street. N.
Taxidermy
Hundreds of breeding Cuppies The most beautiful ones you ever saw. Your choice 25c each. Large breeding Helleri 75c each. All kinds of Snails and Tropical Fishes. .
VARJE, 1361 N. Clark
V.
SCHMID
All
Chicago,
111
aquaria fish thrive on
RELPAW Natural Ask
Imported Hygienic
Fisti
Any
Food. 10c Box
First
Dealer
Class
Lilies
W., Washington. D. C. Send tor Catalog
re
ENGRAVERS
»«
N.
WAPLER. Importer
28
Warren
St..
N. Y. City
'"n
YOU
IF
Are Looking for Something Extra Fine in Broad -tail Telescopes
8
Don't Forget
GOULD WILHELNCQ!^' ^
St.,
Telephone, Superior 4415
PROMPT SERVICE GUARANTEED
N.4T-"
Chicago, IlL
Street,
FOR SALE —
oj Hets
3
44
Fishes.
CANADIAN BIRD STORE, West Van Buren
Street. Philadelphia
BETTER CUTS AT ^BETTER PRICES ARTISTS
for
;
Kinds of Goldfishes and Aquatic Plants
Water
J.
Per pound, coarse, 75c. fine ground, $1. St. George's Natural Fish Food, $1.50 lb. Sample can, 15 c Add postage to your zone
(Lebistes reticulatus )
(I5olliti0& ^i
JENNE
DRIED SHRIMP The General
2139
GEORGE'S GOLDFISH SHOP
E.
1577 Paterson Plank Road, Secaucus. N.
LOKQUIN NATURAL HISTORY CLUB. 1051
(White Worms)
ideal live fish food
Monthly of the Southwest
Naturalist's
niontlUy
3COOC
ENCHYTRAE The
doors X.
I.
rubra
for Price List
IZIZDOCOC
GOLDFISH SPAWN From Choice Telescopes
Var.
Aquarium: 281 Southern Avenue
SUPPLIES ^s
irmr-M
SNAILS corneus
Paludina ^ivipara
Dealer in All Varietiei of Aquatic Plants All Kinds of Fish Foods Fresh and Dried Daphnia
AQUARIA. UTENSILS
Pittsburgh, Pa.
-
TROPICAL FISHES
Breeder and Importer of
TROPICAL
LEITHOLF
433 Fourth Avenue
::
W.
H.
H EI M BACH
Breeder and Importer of Snails
PHOTOGRAPHERS
FISH
STREET PHILA.
FOR SALE AT ALL TIMES 413
SEND FOR SAMPLESA^iPRICESTHEY WILL INTEREST YOU
—
Rrv
FINE FISH
Plants
u-rv-M
!
North Tenth Street AULENTOWN, Pa. inm-y-
tnryv
x-inru
i
i
nS
HERMAN RABENAU,
Use Regenia Aquarium Salts To replace the natural salts in your aquarium as absorbed by the fishes and snails.
Aquarist
PERMANENT DISPLAY OF must be seen
Excellent for plants. Help the snails form shell. Benefits the fish. Box of Six Powders, 25c. For sale at Pet Stock stores.
& Terraria
Aquatic Life
to be appreciated
Visitors
Welcoine
Violet-Ray Fish
Plants and Tropical Fish a Specialty
New
Importations of
regularly Urookl.vn.
N.
Station K.
Manufacturing and Maintenance of Aquariums a Specialty Kinds of Cat and Dog Foods and Medicines
All
Comets a ELGIN
K.
Specialty
BRUCE, THORNBURG,
HUDSON TERMINAL BUILDING Concourse,
lA.
"AQUARIA FISH" A
flsh
in
I-^inely illustrated.
I^ver.v
I
one
Collie
Pups,
and
Route
2,
one
piece, seamless
Finished in antique bronze
Rock Gardens, Ponds and Decorations Conservatory.
All
for the
Lawn and
Kinds of Tropical Fishes
and Aquarium Supphes
beautifull.v
For
TAPPAN
Sale— Forty Mountain Trout from
1361 N. Clark Street
Hopkins, Minn.
::
Glacier National Park
Chicago,
Illinois
Telephone, Superior 4415
FRANKLIN BARRETT EVERYTHING COMPLETE FOR THE AQUARIUM, POND AND LAKE ji Wyoming Avenue, & C Street, PKila., SEND FOR PRICE LISTS
All in
rust-proof.
or imitation of any wood.
marked.
F. L.
strongest steel aquarium on
market.
the
^li slionld id for interested in Iceepi Price, $1. a copy of this liook. Four-Horned Snails (Anipullaria Gigas) deposit a ni.'iss of large coral red eggs out of the water, the little snails drop into the water as they liatcli. These snails are invaliiahle for destroying IIy<lra in the aquarium.
Thoroughbred
make the
New York
SCRIMSHAW
S. A.
work on care and breeding of the Aquarium. Greentioiise and out-
practical
door Ponds.
Philadelphia
PETS OF EVERY DESCRIPTION AND KIND
Retail Dealer in
Kinds of Goldfish
All
Rot,
THE TERMINAL PET SHOP
THE BRUCE FISHERIES &
Tail
REGENIA CHEMICAL CO.
Y.
Near Broadway.
Breeder, Importer, Wholesale
Remedy
Fungus,
Con.ii'estion in taiic.v fishes; also white spots on Tropical fishes. Box of Six Powders, Safe and effective. 25c.
Varieties received
Myrtle Avenue.
1163
Constipation.
Relieves
j
Fine
Telescopes BLACK & CALICO
Broad-tail
Correspondence Solicited Pa.
GEORGE
WILT. 1519 N. 62nd
Street
PHILADELPHIA
EVERYTHING IS FISH THAT COMES TO THE NET OF A NATURALIST Don't paddle eyes.
water with one hand and be blind with both words "keep your eyes open for all nature.
in the
In other
"
Our Magazine
Utf
CBuiDe to i^ature Will Help You
It is edited by EDWARD F. BIGELOW, who fishes in the heavens and earth, as well as the waters under the earth.
Four months'
trial, 25c.
One
year, $1.00
THE AGASSIZ ASSOCIATION •Arc^di-A.
Sound Beach
Connecticut
—
!
New Aquarium Book GOLDFISH
AND
VARIETIES
TROPICAL AQUARIUM FISHES
By Wm.
T. Itities
tlie V. S. Bureau is It Fistieries and leadiuj? fanciers. practical in every respect, and is written so plainly that a beginner may 170 beaueasily understand every point. tiful illustrations, mostly from life, includ19 chapters. ing prize winning Goldfishes. Gives alphabetical list of 300 aquarium fishes, their breeding, foods, temperatures
This work
is
enrtorseJ by
of
tlioroiiglily
and care in detail. Sent anywhere upon receipt
of Trice $3.00
Perfect Photograph of the Best Moor Goldfish Life-size, Natural,
We
Extremely Handsome
Price 50c
enclose one of these prints with each copy of our new book, "Goldfish VaAquarium Fishes," Tropical rieties and where we send two or more books at retail to one address. will
INNES & SONS, PubHshers 129 135 N. 12th Street -
Philadelphia II
inm-ii
irmoi
im
>i
3(
r&
TEN VARIETIES OF BEAUTIFUL AQUARIUM PLANTS for $1.00 Postpaid J.
IIknri \\^^GNER,, 1909 North Cai)itol
Washington, D. C.
What's the Object? See you later mg — AQUARIUM STOCK CO jocxK
>oooc:
wTno.
.nrv-a
inoni
9
I
150 Chambers Street
n
Aquarium
Q
::
New York
City
Specialists
n
g
GOLDFISH, FOODS, PUNTS, SNAILS, ETC. |
J 8 X U
Combination Natural Fish Food - Sample Can 10c Sample Can 15c Imported Shrimp Fish Food Imported Wafer Fish Food Large Sample Box 10c
5
Special Prices on Quantity Lots
Cash With Order
8 k U g
n
Catalogue Sent Upon Request
U
3 n
Orders amounting $2 delivered postpaid. Mail orders promptly attended to.
8
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irwii
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rynTH
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HARRY
P.
1210 N. Warnock
Street, Philadelphia,
PETERS
I
GOLDFISH BREEDERS
Pa
BREEDER AND IMPORTER Rare and Fancy Fish Plants
FLORISTS
every variety,
of
Aquarium Supplies
of
and
Snails
kinds at
all
all
times.
MANUFACTURER OF
58th and Walnut Streets
110
South 52nd
Green River Fish Food
Street
15c Box
Green River Baby Fish Food
Philadelphia
20c Box
Aquarium Fishes All Kinds of Aquatic Plants
&
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Wholesale and Retail
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one of the
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necessary to keep fish in good health. After the S test of years Green River stands out It y as the best food on the market. 8 keeps the fish in good color by proIt y moting a healthy, robust growth. 8 will not sour ot cloud the water. Ask Lvour dealer or send for it today,
DOOOCTDOODCOOi
1749 Buchanan Street, San Francisco, Cal
FOOD
FISH
Young Young
Blues, Blacks
&
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Veiltails or Broadtails
HARRY 1210
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$1.50 Doz $5.00 Doz
PETERS
WARNOCK
STREET PHILADELPHIA
N.
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San Francisco, 1915
ALL KINDS OF AQUARIA AND SUPPLIES Price Lists Furnished to the Trade Only
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