The Shepherd’s Boy There was once a young Shepherd Boy who tended his sheep at the foot of a mountain near a dark forest. It was rather lonely for him all day, so he thought upon a plan by which he could get a little company and some excitement. He rushed down towards the village calling out ‘Wolf, Wolf,’ and the villagers came out to meet him, and some of them stopped with him for a considerable time. This pleased the boy so much that a few days afterwards he tried the same trick, and again the villagers came to his help. But shortly after this a Wolf actually did come out from the forest, and began to worry the sheep, and the boy of course cried out ‘Wolf, Wolf,’ still louder than before. But this time the villagers, who had been fooled twice before, thought the boy was again deceiving them, and nobody stirred to come to his help. So the Wolf made a good meal off the boy’s flock, and when the boy complained, the wise man of the village said: ‘A liar will not be believed, even when he speaks the truth .’ tend – доглядати, стерегти deceive – обманювати stir - ворушитися I. Find the synonyms of the words. Woodthe country – to trouble clever started – II. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. III.
Are the sentences true or false? Correct the false sentences. The boy had a big company of friends all days. The Shepherd Boy wanted to trick the people to have some fun. The villagers didn’t hear the boy. Wolves worried the sheep every day. The wolf ate the boy. Write the forms of the verbs think - ......................-........................... ..............................- got - ..................... be - ....................- ................................ make - ..................... - .......................... .................... – spoke - ..........................
IV. Complete the sentences with the words deceive, wise
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dark, mountain, forest,
1. Many people like to go to the ....................to gather berries and mushrooms. 2. It was getting ........................... so the tourists stayed at the camp. 3. He didn’t believe us, so It was not easy to ........................ him. 4. A ................. person once told me "Don't judge a book by its cover". 5. We spent our winter holidays in a lovely little .....................village.
Androcles A slave named Androcles once escaped from his master and fled to the forest. As he was wandering about there he came upon a Lion lying down moaning and groaning. At first he turned to flee, but finding that the Lion did not pursue him, he turned back and went up to him. As he came near, the Lion put out his paw, which was all swollen and bleeding, and Androcles found that a huge thorn had got into it, and was causing all the pain. He pulled out the thorn and bound up the paw of the Lion, who was soon able to rise and lick the hand of Androcles like a dog. Then the Lion took Androcles to his cave, and every day used to bring him meat from which to live. But shortly afterwards both Androcles and the Lion were captured, and the slave was sentenced to be thrown to the Lion, after the latter had been kept without food for several days. The Emperor and all his Court came to see the spectacle, and Androcles was led out into the middle of the arena. Soon the Lion was let loose from his den, and rushed bounding and roaring towards his victim. But as soon as he came near to Androcles he recognised his friend, and fawned upon him, and licked his hands like a friendly dog. The Emperor, surprised at this, summoned Androcles to him, who told him the whole story. Whereupon the slave was pardoned and freed, and the Lion let loose to his native forest. Gratitude is the sign of noble souls. wander – блукати, мандрувати flee – тікати, уникати spectacle – видовище den – лігво summon - викликати I.
Underline the correct variant. 1. a) 2. a) 3. a) II.
The slave hid ......... in the house b) on the ship c) in the woods The Lion brought Androcles ......... every day. flowers b) food c) stones The Lion came on the arena and.......... ate the slave b) didn’t touch Androcles c) escaped Match the words from the text with the definitions.
1 forest 2 wander 3 Emperor
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4 arena 3 to free
a) an area, often oval-shaped, designed to show theater, musical performances, or sporting events; b) an large area with a lot of trees; c) a ruler of a country; d) to release; e) move without purpose.
Answer the questions.
III.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Is the slave a kind man? Why didn’t the Lion eat Androcles? How did the Emperor want to punish the slave? Did the slave die? What proverb did you learn about gratitude?
The Bat, The Birds And The Beasts A great conflict was about to come off between the Birds and the Beasts. When the two armies were collected together the Bat hesitated which to join. The Birds that passed his perch said: ‘Come with us”; but he said: ‘I am a Beast.’ Later on, some Beasts who were passing underneath him looked up and said: ‘Come with us”; but he said: ‘I am a Bird.’ Luckily at the last moment peace was made, and no battle took place, so the Bat came to the Birds and wished to join in the rejoicings, but they all turned against him and he had to fly away. He then went to the Beasts, but soon had to beat a retreat, or else they would have torn him to pieces. ‘Ah,’ said the Bat, ‘I see now, ‘He that is neither one thing nor the other has no friends.’ underneath – знизу rejoicing – радість, свято I. Match the words from the text with the definitions. 1
conflict 2
beast
3
rejoicing
4
wish
5
piece
a) great joy; b)
want something;
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c) a serious disagreement; d) a portion of an object or of material; e) a large or dangerous animal.
II.
Write the forms of the verbs
.............................. – made - ............................... take - ............................... - ................................ see - ................................. - ............................... .................................... – said - ........................... .....................................- tore - ...........................
III.
Make up questions to the answers.
1.___________________________________________________ A great conflict. 2.___________________________________________________ At the last moment. 3.___________________________________________________ Because all the Birds turned against him.
The Crow And The Pitcher A Crow, half-dead with thirst, came upon a Pitcher which had once been full of water; but when the Crow put its beak into the mouth of the Pitcher he found that only very little water was left in it, and that he could not reach far enough down to get at it. He tried, and he tried, but at last had to give up in despair. Then a thought came to him, and he took a pebble and dropped it into the Pitcher. Then he took another pebble and dropped it into the Pitcher. Then he took another pebble and dropped that into the Pitcher. Then he took another pebble and dropped that into the Pitcher.Then he took another pebble and dropped that into the Pitcher. Then he took another pebble and dropped that into the Pitcher. At last, at last, he saw the water mount up near him, and after casting in a few more pebbles he was able to quench his thirst and save his life. Little by little does the trick.
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pitcher – глек pebble – галька
I.
Find words in the text that mean:
1. Let or make (something) fall down (line 05). 2. Absence of hope (line 04). 3. Throw (something) in a specified direction (line10). 4. A small stone made smooth and round by the action of water or sand (line 05). 5. A large container , used for holding and pouring something (line 01). 6. A feeling of needing or wanting to drink something (line 01). 7. An idea or opinion produced by thinking (line 04).
II.
Answer the questions. 1. Why was the Crow half-dead? 2. Could he drink water from the pitch? 3. What did he do to get water?
III.
Complete the sentences with the words
dropped, saved, pebbles, beak
1. A man ...............a lighted cigarette and caused the fire. 2. A big bird sharpened his.................... on a stone. 3. The rescuers .....................the little boy in the stormy sea. 4. The water was so clean that we could see ............at the bottom of a stream.
The Fox And The Stork At one time the Fox and the Stork were very good friends. So the Fox invited the Stork to dinner, and for a joke put nothing before her but some soup in a very shallow dish. This the Fox could easily lap up, but the Stork could only wet the end of her long bill in it, and left the meal as hungry as when she began. ‘I am sorry,’ said the Fox, ‘the soup is not to your liking.’ ‘Pray do not apologise,’ said the Stork. ‘I hope you will return this visit, and come and dine with me soon.’ So a day was appointed when the Fox should visit the Stork; but when they were seated at table all that was for their dinner was contained in a very long-necked jar with a narrow mouth, in which the Fox could not insert his
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snout, so all he could manage to do was to lick the outside of the jar. ‘I will not apologise for the dinner,’ said the Stork: ‘One bad turn deserves another.’ shallow – мілкий bill – дзьоб snout – морда I. Are the sentences true or false? Correct the false sentences. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
II.
Once the Stork invited the Fox to dinner. The Fox played a trick on his friend and the Stork went away hungry. At dinner they ate some meat. The Stork gave the Fox the meal on a big plate. The Fox couldn’t eat the meal.
Write the forms of the verbs
.............................. – could - ................................ come - ........................... - ................................... .................................. - ............................. – said ................................. - ...............................been put - ..........................- .......................................
III.
Make up questions to the answers. 1. _________________________________________________ Some soup. 2.
_________________________________________________
In a very long-necked jar with a narrow mouth. 3.
_________________________________________________
No, he couldn’t.
The Frog And The Ox
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‘Oh Father,’ said a little Frog to the big one sitting by the side of a pool, ‘I have seen such a terrible monster! It was as big as a mountain, with horns on its head, and a long tail, and it had hoofs divided in two.’ ‘Tush, child, tush,’ said the old Frog, ‘that was only Farmer White’s Ox. It isn’t so big either; he may be a little bit taller than I, but I could easily make myself quite as broad; just you see.’ So he blew himself out, and blew himself out, and blew himself out. ‘Was he as big as that?’ asked he. ‘Oh, much bigger than that,’ said the young Frog. Again the old one blew himself out, and asked the young one if the Ox was as big as that. ‘Bigger, father, bigger,’ was the reply. So the Frog took a deep breath, and blew and blew and blew, and swelled and swelled and swelled. And then he said: ‘I’m sure the Ox is not as big as me but at this moment he burst. Self-conceit may lead to self-destruction. Ox – віл, бик hoof – копито conceit – зазнайство, пиха
Answer the questions.
I. 1. 2. 3. 4.
Whom did the Frog see? What was this “monster” like? What did the old Frog say? What happened to the old Frog? Find the definitions in the text.
II.
1. Having an extensive distance from side to side; wide (line 05). 2. Far down from the top or surface (line 11). 3. An imaginary creature that is typically large, ugly, and frightening (line 02). 4. A small area of still water, typically one formed naturally (line 01). 5. A verbal or written answer (line 10).
III.
Complete the sentences with the words
deep, blew, sure, divided.
1. The wind ............... very strong. 2.
There is a lake seven miles long, and seven miles ........... and seven miles broad.
3. She ................... the pie into eight pieces. 4. I’m .................. I’ve seen that dress before.
The Fox And The Crow
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A Fox once saw a Crow fly off with a piece of cheese in its beak and settle on a branch of a tree. ‘That’s for me, as I am a Fox,’ said Master Reynard, and he walked up to the foot of the tree. ‘Good-day, Mistress Crow,’ he cried. ‘How well you are looking to-day: how glossy your feathers; how bright your eye. I feel sure your voice must surpass that of other birds, just as your figure does; let me hear but one song from you that I may greet you as the Queen of Birds.’
The Crow lifted up her head and began to caw her best, but the moment she opened her mouth the piece of cheese fell to the ground, only to be snapped up by Master Fox. ‘That will do,’ said he. ‘That was all I wanted. In exchange for your cheese I will give you a piece of advice for the future .’Do not trust flatterers .’ surpass – перевершувати caw – каркати, каркання flatterer – підлесник snap up - підхопити I. Answer the questions. 1. What did the Crow have in its beak? 2. Why did the Fox flatter the Crow? 3. How did the Crow lose its cheese? II.
Match the words from the text with the definitions.
1 2 3 4 5
caw glossy greet surpass branch
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a) b) c) d) e)
be greater than; shiny and smooth; give a polite word or sign of welcome on meeting; the harsh cry of a crow or similar bird; a part of a tree.
Complete the sentences with the words glossy, trust, a piece of advice, settled. 1. Let me give you....................................... Wear a blue suit to the interview. 2. She always admires the .................... surface of the leaves in autumn. 3. I just don't ......................... him. 4. The family ...................... in the country many years ago.
The Frogs Desiring a King The Frogs were living as happy as could be in a marshy swamp that just suited them; they went splashing about caring for nobody and nobody troubling with them. But some of them thought that this was not right, that they should have a king and a proper constitution, so they determined to send up a petition to Jove to give them what they wanted. ‘Mighty Jove,’ they cried, ‘send unto us a king that will rule over us and keep us in order.’ Jove laughed at their croaking, and threw down into the swamp a huge Log. The Frogs were frightened out of their lives by the commotion made in their midst, and all rushed to the bank to look at the horrible monster; but after a time, seeing that it did not move, one or two of the boldest of them ventured out towards the Log, and even dared to touch it; still it did not move. Then the greatest hero of the Frogs jumped upon the Log and commenced dancing up and down upon it, and all the Frogs came and did the same; and for some time the Frogs went about their business every day without taking the slightest notice of their new King Log lying in their midst. But this did not suit them, so they sent another petition to Jove, and said to him, ‘We want a real king; one that will really rule over us.’ Now this made Jove angry, so he sent among them a big Stork that soon set to work gobbling them all up. Then the Frogs repented when too late. Better no rule than cruel rule. Jove – Зевс, Юпітер сommotion - переполох venture – насмілюватися commence - починати gobble – їсти пожадливо I.
Write the forms of the verbs.
.................................. - ...............................
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–
sent
...................................- ...............................- gone set - ..........................- ....................................... throw - ................................ - ............................... ................................... – gave ...............................
Match the words from the text with the definitions.
II. 1.
Eat (something) hurriedly and noisily.
2.
Dare to do something or go somewhere that may be dangerous or unpleasant.
3.
A sound made by something falling into water.
4.
Brave, fearless.
5.
Marsh, bog
a)
splash;
b)
swamp;
c)
bold;
d)
venture;
e)
gobble.
Are the sentences true or false? Correct the false sentences.
III. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
The Frogs were very unhappy in their swamp. One day they sent up a petition to Poseidon. At first the Frogs were very afraid of the Log. The Frogs weren’t satisfied with their wooden ruler. A big Stork was a good King for the Frogs.
The Hare With Many Friends A Hare was very popular with the other beasts who all claimed to be her friends. But one day she heard the hounds approaching and hoped to escape them by the aid of her many Friends. So, she went to the horse, and asked him to carry her away from the hounds on his back. But he declined, stating that he had important work to do for his master. ‘He felt sure,’ he said, ‘that all her other friends would come to her assistance.’ She then applied to the bull, and hoped that he would repel the hounds with his horns. The bull replied: ‘I am very sorry, but I have an
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appointment with a lady; but I feel sure that our friend the goat will do what you want.’ The goat, however, feared that his back might do her some harm if he took her upon it. The ram, he felt sure, was the proper friend to apply to. So she went to the ram and told him the case. The ram replied: ‘Another time, my dear friend. I do not like to interfere on the present occasion, as hounds have been known to eat sheep as well as hares.’ The Hare then applied, as a last hope, to the calf, who regretted that he was unable to help her, as he did not like to take the responsibility upon himself, as so many older persons than himself had declined the task. By this time the hounds were quite near, and the Hare took to her heels and luckily escaped. He that has many friends, has no friends. сlaim - заявляти hound – гончак assistance – допомога ram – баран I.
Write the forms of the verbs
......................... – felt - ............................. hear - ................... - .................................. .........................- told - ............................. ......................... - .....................- known ......................... – did - ............................. II.
Match the words from the text with the definitions.
1. A dog used for hunting. 2. Politely refuse. 3. A verbal or written answer. 4. Want something to happen. 5. An arrangement to meet someone at a particular time and place. a) b) c) d) e)
III.
reply; hound; hope; appointment; decline.
Answer the questions. 1. How did the Hare hope escape the hounds? 2. Why did the horse refuse the Hare to help?
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3. Who feared for his back? 4. Who helped the Hare? 5. Did he have good friends? IV. Complete the sentences with the words responsibility, hound, fear, escaped, reply, 1. I received a ......................from the firm’s managing director. 2. Parents take ..........................for child care. 3. Two bandits have just ........................from prison. 4. All mothers .......................for their children when they first leave home. 5. This is a nice .................... It has a good nose.
The Lion And The Mouse Once when a Lion was asleep a little Mouse began running up and down upon him; this soon wakened the Lion, who placed his huge paw upon him, and opened his big jaws to swallow him. ‘Pardon, O King,’ cried the little Mouse: ‘forgive me this time, I shall never forget it: who knows but what I may be able to do you a turn some of these days?’ The Lion was so tickled at the idea of the Mouse being able to help him, that he lifted up his paw and let him go. Some time after the Lion was caught in a trap, and the hunters who desired to carry him alive to the King, tied him to a tree while they went in search of a waggon to carry him on. Just then the little Mouse happened to pass by, and seeing the sad plight in which the Lion was, went up to him and soon gnawed away the ropes that bound the King of the Beasts. ‘Was I not right?’ said the little Mouse. Little friends may prove great friends. swallow - ковтати tickle - догождати trap - пастка gnaw - гризти
I. Are the sentences true or false? Correct the false sentences. 1.The Lion didn’t let the Mouse go.
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2. 3. 4.
Some time after the Lion was caught in a trap and killed. The little Mouse helped the Lion to release. A little friend can be a great friend.
Write the forms of the verbs
II.
........................... - ......................... – run .......................... – forgot - ...................... may - .................... - ............................ .........................- .....................- caught ........................- bound - .........................
Match the words from the text with the definitions.
III.
a trap; a desire; forgive; a waggon; a plight.
1 2 3 4 5
a) b) c) d) e)
a dangerous, difficult situation; stop feeling angry toward (someone) for a mistake; a strong feeling of wanting to have something; a vehicle used for transporting goods or another purpose; a device designed to catch animals.
The Man, The Boy And The Donkey A Man and his son were once going with their Donkey to market. As they were walking along by its side a countryman passed them and said: ‘You fools, what is a Donkey for but to ride upon?’ So the Man put the Boy on the Donkey and they went on their way. But soon they passed a group of men, one of whom said: ‘See that lazy youngster, he lets his father walk while he rides.’ So the Man ordered his Boy to get off, and got on himself. But they hadn’t gone far when they passed two women, one of whom said to the other: ‘Shame on that lazy lout to let his poor little son trudge along.’ Well, the Man didn’t know what to do, but at last he took his Boy up before him on the Donkey. By this time they had come to the town, and the passers-by began to jeer and point at them. The Man stopped and asked what they were scoffing at. The men said: ‘Aren’t you ashamed of yourself for overloading that poor donkey of yoursu and your hulking son?’ The Man and Boy got off and tried to think what to do. They thought and they thought, till at last they cut down a pole, tied the donkey’s feet to it, and raised the pole and the donkey to their shoulders. They went along amid the laughter of all who
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met them till they came to Market Bridge, when the Donkey, getting one of his feet loose, kicked out and caused the Boy to drop his end of the pole. In the struggle the Donkey fell over the bridge, and his fore-feet being tied together he was drowned. ‘That will teach you,’ said an old man who had followed them: ‘Please all, and you will please none.’ trudge – плентатися amid – серед jeer – кепкувати Write the forms of the verbs.
I.
ride - …………………………………… - …………………………………………… …………………………….. – let - …………………………………………………… ……………………………………… - ……………………………………... – met …………………………………….. - ……………………………………. – taught
II. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
III.
Are the sentences true or false? Correct the false sentences. A Man and his son were once going to the town. As they were walking the people jeered and pointed at them all the time. The Man and his son didn’t listen to the people. The Donkey fell over the bridge and drowned. Please all, and you will please everybody.
Match the words from the text with the definitions. 1 2 3 4 5
a) b) c) d) e)
please; lazy; jeer; order; kick;
make rude remarks, typically in a loud voice; strike with the foot; give an instruction to do something; cause to feel happy and satisfied; not to want to work or use energy.
The Milkmaid And Her Pail Patty the Milkmaid was going to market carrying her milk in a Pail on her head. As she went along she began calculating what she would do with the money she would get for the milk. ‘I’ll buy some fowls from Farmer Brown,’ said she, ‘and they
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will lay eggs each morning, which I will sell to the parson’s wife. With the money that I get from the sale of these eggs I’ll buy myself a new frock and a chip hat; and when I go to market, won’t all the young men come up and speak to me! Polly Shaw will be that jealous; but I don’t care. I shall just look at her and toss my head like this. As she spoke she tossed her head back, the Pail fell off it, and all the milk was spilt. So she had to go home and tell her mother what had occurred. ‘Ah, my child,’ said the mother, ‘Do not count your chickens before they are hatched.’ fowl – свійська птиця parson – священик toss – задирати, закидати I.
Answer the questions. 1. 2. 3. 4.
What was the girl carrying to market? What was her dream? Did Patty sell her milk? What happened to her pail?
II. Write the forms of the verbs. ..................... – got - .................... sell .............. - ........................... lay ............... - ......................... .................... – spoke - ................ ..................... - ................ – fallen
III. Complete the sentences with the words tossed, occurred, hatched, jealous. 1. He was very ...............of her success. 2. Suzy ……………….. her bag on the sofa. 3. Ten little chicks…………………….. out. 4. The accidend…………………………….. at about 3:30 p.m.
The Town Mouse And The Country Mouse
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Now you must know that a Town Mouse once upon a time went on a visit to his cousin in the country. He was rough and ready, this cousin, but he loved his town friend and made him heartily welcome. Beans and bacon, cheese and bread, were all he had to offer, but he offered them freely. The Town Mouse rather turned up his long nose at this country fare, and said: ‘I cannot understand, Cousin, how you can put up with such poor food as this, but of course you cannot expect anything better in the country; come you with me and I will show you how to live. When you have been in town a week you will wonder how you could ever have stood a country life.’ No sooner said than done: the two mice set off for the town and arrived at the Town Mouse’s residence late at night. ‘You will want some refreshment after our long journey,’ said the polite Town Mouse, and took his friend into the grand dining-room. There they found the remains of a fine feast, and soon the two mice were eating up jellies and cakes and all that was nice. Suddenly they heard growling and barking. ‘What is that?’ said the Country Mouse. ‘It is only the dogs of the house,’ answered the other. ‘Only!’ said the Country Mouse. ‘I do not like that music at my dinner.’ Just at that moment the door flew open, in came two huge mastiffs, and the two mice had to scamper down and run off. ‘Good-bye, Cousin,’ said the Country Mouse, ‘What! going so soon?’ said the other. ‘Yes,’ he replied; ‘Better beans and bacon in peace than cakes and ale in fear.’ fare – їжа, наїдок put up - миритися refreshment – перекуска, підкріплення ale – ель, пиво
Write the forms of the verbs
I.
understand - ........................... - ............................. ......................... - ................................. – put ......................... – stood - ................................... .......................... - ............................. - flown show - ........................... - ..................................... Match the words from the text with the definitions.
II. 1 2 3 4 5
cousin; fare; journey; residence; feast;
a) b) c) d) e)
III.
a person's home; the place where someone lives; a child of one's uncle or aunt; a large meal, typically one in celebration of something; food; an act of travelling from one place to another.
Are the sentences true or false? Correct the false sentences.
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1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
A Town Mouse didn’t want to visit his cousin. The cousin loved a Town Mouse very much. The Town Mouse invited his cousin to come with him to the town. They found nothing to eat after the feast in the dining-room. They saw two big cats in the room.
Complete the sentences with the words polite, arrived, remains, barked.
IV. 1. 2. 3. 4.
The .........................of a sandwich lunch were on the table. We ....................at his house and knocked at the door. They thought she was wrong but were too ....................to say so. A dog ......................... at her.
The Wolf And The Lamb
Once upon a time a
Wolf was lapping at a spring on a hillside, when, looking up, what should he see but a Lamb just beginning to drink a little lower down. ‘There’s my supper,’ thought he, ‘if only I can find some excuse to seize it.’ Then he called out to the Lamb, ‘How dare you muddle the water from which I am drinking?’ ‘Nay, master, nay,’ said Lamb; ‘if the water be muddy up there, I cannot be the cause of it, for it runs down from you to me.’ ‘Well, then,’ said the Wolf, ‘why did you call me bad names this time last year?’ ‘That cannot be,’ said the Lamb; ‘I am only six months old.’ ‘I don’t care,’ snarled the Wolf; ‘if it was not you it was your father;’ and with that he rushed upon the poor little Lamb and ate her all up. But before she died she gasped out .’Any excuse will serve a tyrant.’ muddle – мутити gasp – вимовляти задихаючись tyrant – тиран, деспот
IV.
Match the words from the text with the definitions. 1 gasp;
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2 3 4 5
excuse; cause; tyrant; snarl;
1) a cruel ruler; 2) inhale suddenly with the mouth open, out of pain or astonishment; 3) a reason or explanation to defend or justify a fault; 4) (of an animal such as a dog) make an aggressive growl with bared teeth; 5) a person or thing that gives rise to an action or phenomenon.
Complete the sentences with the words muddy, hillside, seized, rushed.
V. 1. 2. 3. 4.
VI.
We quickly ................... to the hospital. Take your boots off outside if they're .................. The mother .......................her child by the arm. People sunned themselves on the .......................
Make up questions to the answers. 1. ____________________________________________________ On a hillside. 2. ___________________________________________________ To seize the Lamb. 3. ____________________________________________________ ’Any excuse will serve a tyrant.’
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