Спецкурс "Література Англії"

Рецензенти: Євчук О.В., вчитель англійської мови вищої категорії НВК № 9 ім.А.М.Трояна м. Кам’янця-Подільського, вчитель-методист

Ляхова З.С. Спецкурс «Література Англії» 26 тематичних тестів /З.С.Ляхова-Кам’янець-Подільський, 2014.- с. 83 Посібник укладено з метою надати допомогу вчителям профільних класів і класів з поглибленим вивченням англійської мови у проведенні занять з перевірки рівня засвоєння змісту текстів та організації самостійної роботи на уроках зі спецкурсу «Література Англії». Видання містить 26 тематичних тестів з кожного історичного періоду англійської літератури.

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Зміст Пояснювальна записка ...........................................................

Test 1. The Old English Period. Poem “Beowulf”..................6 Test 2. The Romances About King Arthur...............................7 Test 3. The Middle English Period. Geoffrey Chaucer. “The Canterbury Tales”...................................................................... 9 Test 4. Geoffrey Chaucer. “The Canterbury Tales”...............10 Test 5. Folk Songs and Ballads...............................................13 Test 6. The Renaissance in England.Thomas More and His “Utopia”....................................................................................15 Test 7. William Shakespeare—the Genius of the Century......18 Test 8. The Middle English Period and the Renaissance…….20 Test 9. The Enlightenment in the English Literature.

Daniel Defoe.............................................................................22 Test 10. Jonathan Swift and His “Gulliver’s Travels”.............24 Test 11. The Romantic Movement. George Gordon Byron.....27 Test 12. Walter Scott And His Historical Novels....................30 Test 13. Charles Dickens And His Works...............................31 Test 14. Semester Test.............................................................35 Test 15. The Realistic Period in English Literature.

Robert Louis Stevenson............................................................41 Test 16. Arthur Conan Doyle — the Famous Detective Writer.

“The Hound Of The Baskervilles”...........................................44 Test 17. Oscar Wilde’s Literary Career and His Work “The Picture of Dorian Gray”...........................................................50 Test 18. John Galsworthy’s Literature Heritage.“The Forsyte Saga”........................................................................................55 Test 19. Rudyard Kipling and His Famous Work “Jungle Book”........................................................................................58 Test 20. George Bernard Shaw and His “Pygmalion”.............61 Test 21 . Herbert George Wells and His “The Invisible Man”………………………………...64 Test 22. The Famous Writers of the Realistic Period in English Literature. ………………………………………..67 Test 23. The Modernist Period in English Literature.

William Somerset Maugham....................................................71 3

Test 24. Ford Madox Ford and His “Parade’s End”................74 Test 25. Aldous Huxley Life And His Creations. “Crome Yellow”………………………………………………………77 Test 26. The Famous Writers of the Modernist Period in English Literature.................................................................79

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ПЕРЕДМОВА Спецкурс «Література Англії», розрахований на 36 годин. Мета курсу — дати учням якомога повніше уявлення про те, як історично складалася література, які жанри формувалися в різні історичні періоди, наскільки вони були популярні в сучасників і як впливали на формування моралі й культури. Пропонований посібник створений для вчителів і старшокласників з метою вдосконалити набуті знання з курсу «Література Англії», практикуватися у виконанні тестів, повторити засвоєний матеріал. Тести дають змогу перевірити знання учнів з: загальної характеристики різних періодів формування англійської літератури; основних біографічних даних відомих англійських письменників; загальної творчості письменників, змісту й сюжетних ліній найпопулярніших творів. Посібник містить 26 тематичних тестів з кожного історичного періоду англійської літератури.

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Test 1. Old English Period. Poem “Beowulf” Silent reading of the text: Fill in the gaps with the words from the list below.

Knight, shows, glory, to sacrifice, words, foundation, depended, is set, two classes, the original, shows (2), was written down, times “BEOWULF” One of the old English … you will meet in English literature is “folk” which means “peopple”. The beautiful Anglo-Saxon poem “Beowulf” may be called the … stone of all British poetry. It tells of … long before the Angles and Saxons came to Britain. The whole poem … — … in the 10th century by an unknown author. Many parts were added later. It is impossible for non specialist to read it in … .

The scene … among the Jutes, who lived on the southern coast of the Scandinavian peninsula at the time, and the Danes, their neighbours across the strait. The people were divided into … : free peasants and warriors. The safety of people … on the warriors. The poem … us these warriors in battle and at peace, it … their feast and amusements, their love for sea and for adventure. Beowulf is the young … of the Jutes. He fights not for his own … but for the benefit of the whole nation. He is ready … his life for his people.

His unselfish way in protecting people makes him worthy to be folk-king.

LEGEND OF BEOWULF Once upon a time, there was a horrible monster called Grendel. He was half-man and half-monster. He lived in Denmark. One day he went to the king’s castle. The king and his men tried to kill the monster but their swords were useless.

A knight called Beowulf heard about the problem and went to Denmark to help the king.

That night, Beowulf and his men took off their armour and put away their swords and went to sleep. The monster came into the castle and killed a knight. Beowulf woke up and fought the monster — he pulled off an arm! Grendel went back to his 6

home in a lake and died. Grendel’s mother was very angry and the next night she went to the castle and killed a knight.

In the morning, Beowulf went to the lake. He killed Grendel’s mother with a special sword. When he came back, the king was very happy and he gave Beowulf presents and money. Beowulf went back to his country and became king. He was king for fifty years. But one day, a dragon came to his country, and it attacked people. It lived in a cave with treasure.

The dragon was very big and breathed fire. The knights were afraid and they did not want to fight the dragon. King Beowulf was an old man but he put on his armour again and went to the dragon’s cave with his men…

Find the past forms of these verbs (1–8) in the text. Now match them with the correct meaning (a–g) your answers.

1) take off a) put an object in its place 2) put away b) stop sleeping 3) come into c) remove things, e.g. clothes 4) wake up d) put things, e.g. clothes, on your body 5) pull off e) return (two verbs) 6) come back f) enter 7) go back g) remove violently 8) put on

Test 2. The Romances About King Arthur Read the text and do the following activities.

TEXT It was New Year at the court of King Arthur. The King, Queen and all the knights of the Round Table were celebrating.

Suddenly the door opened and everybody turned round. A knight rode into the room on a magnificent horse.

The knight and his horse were completely green!

The strange green knight got off his horse and spoke. “I know that King Arthur and his knights are famous for their bravery. I 7

have come to test their bravery with a little game. Here is my axe. One of you, brave knights, must try to cut off my head.

But, next year, on the same day, I will try to do the same to that knight”.

A brave and honest knight, Sir Gawain, stood up and said: “I will do it”. With no hesitation, he took the axe and cut off the Green Knight’s head. Then the strangest thing happened. The Green Knight picked up his head, got on his horse and left the room!

Ten months later, Sir Gawain went off to find the Green Knight. He came to a magnificent castle. The lord of the castle invited him to stay for the New Year. Sir Gawain and the lord made an agreement. They agreed to give each other anything they received.

The next day, the lord of the castle went out hunting. Sir Gawain stayed in bed. Suddenly, the lady of the castle, the lord’s wife, came into his room. She was beautiful. She kissed Sir Gawain and then left. When the lord of the castle returned, he gave Sir Gawain a deer he had caught. Sir Gawain gave the lord a kiss.

The next day the same thing happened. On the third day, the lady of the castle kissed Sir Gawain and then gave him a special belt. She said it would save his life. Sir Gawain did not give the belt to the lord of the castle because he thought it might be useful when he went to see the Green Knight.

On New Year’s day, Sir Gawain went to meet the Green Knight. As they had agreed, the Green Knight took the axe. He was going to cut off Sir Gawain’s head, when suddenly he stopped. He tried a second time, but again stopped. The third time, he cut Sir Gawain’s neck a little, but didn’t hurt him.

Sir Gawain was angry. He said: “Why did you try three times? We agreed only once!” The Green Knight told him that he was, in fact, the lord of the castle. “I didn’t cut you the first two times because you were honest for two days! But on the third day, you didn’t tell me about the belt. So I had to cut you!”

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Sir Gawain returned to King Arthur’s court. He was sad because he had not been honest. He decided to wear the belt around his neck for the rest of his life. He told King Arthur: “When I become arrogant, I can look at the belt and remember that I am not a perfect knight”.

Post-reading task Read and listen to the story. Order the sentences below.

Example 1 / f a) The Green Knight didn’t cut off Sir Gawain’s head. b) Gawain went back to Camelot, but he was unhappy. c) Sir Gawain and the Lord agreed to exchange everything they received. d) Sir Gawain cut off the Green Knight’s head. e) Ten months Later, Gawain went to look for the Green Knight. f) When King Arthur was celebrating Christmas, a strange knight arrived. g) The Green Knight picked up his head and got on his horse. h) Sir Gawain stayed with the Lord of a castle. i) A Lady visited Sir Gawain and kissed him. j) The Last day she gave him a belt but Gawain said nothing to the Lord.

Test 3. The Middle English Period. Geoffrey Chaucer Read the text about Geoffrey Chaucer and decide if the sentences true or false.

Chaucer is the earliest great writer of English literature. He was born in London in1340, the son of wine merchant.

When he was 16 he became a soldier and fought in the wars against the French. He returned to London in 1360 and became the civil servant at the court of King Edward III. Because Chaucer could speak French and Italian the king made him a diplomat and sent him for many trips abroad. While he was travelling Chaucer read a lot of French and Italian literature.

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The works of the Italian poets Dante and Boccaccio made an important influence on him.

Chaucer’s first works were translations of Latin and French books. But Chaucer’s greatest work was written just before he died in 1400, in fact he never finished it. It is “The Canterbury Tales”. In the middle ages many people went on pilgrimages to Canterbury to visit the tomb of Thomas a Becket in the cathedral. Chaucer’s book tells us about a group of pilgrims who travel from London to Canterbury and tell each other stories to pass the time during a long journey. The stories are full of excitement romance and comedy. The pilgrims come from all levels of society and show us many weaknesses of humanity. “The Canterbury Tales” show us that people who lived six hundred years ago were really no different from people today.

1. Chaucer was a soldier in French army.

2. Chaucer could understand Latin.

3. Chaucer wrote his book in 1368.

4. The Canterbury Tales is Chaucer’s best work.

5. The Canterbury tales is about Thomas a Becket.

6. The people in the Canterbury Tales are like people today.

Test 4. Geoffrey Chaucer. “The Canterbury Tales” Read the extracts of the Chaucer’s “Canterbury Tales” In the morning, the pilgrims got up early and travelled for some time. Then, at dinner time, they drew straws to see who would tell the first story. The shortest straw was the knight’s.

He began like this: “Well, since I must begin the game, Then welcome to the short straw, in God’s name!

Now let’s ride on and listen to what I say”.

Once upon a time, there was a duke called Theseus of Athens and his wife Hippolyta. She had a very beautiful young sister, Emily, who 10

lived with them in the palace. One day, Duke Theseus went to war with Thebes and conquered the city. After the battle, two Theban knights, Arcita and Palamon, were captured and taken to Athens.

Theseus put Arcita and Palamon, who were cousins, into a dark, high tower in his castle. Then, one morning in the month of May, Palamon saw a beautiful young woman in the garden below the tower. She was picking flowers and singing like an angel. She was wearing bright clothes and had lovely, long, blonde hair. The young woman was Emily.

Palamon cried out violently. Arcita leapt up. “Cousin, why are you so pale?” “Are you ill?” “I have been pierced to the heart”, replied Palamon. “The beauty of that lady I see is the cause of all my pain. I don’t know if she’s a woman or goddess!” Arcita turned to look at the girl and also fell in love instantl”.Unless I can see her every day, I’m better dead”, he cried. Palamon turned on him angrily. From that moment, the two cousins began arguing about their love of Emily, like two dogs fighting over a bone. One day, a friend of Arcita came to Athens. He asked Theseus to free Arcita. Theseus agreed, but if Arcita were found in Athens he would lose his life. “Now I’m in a worse prison than before”, thought Arcita. “At least my cousin Palamon can see Emily every day”. But Palamon was even more unhappy. Now Arcita is free. He can organize an army and attack this city. Then he can ask Emily to become his wife. I must stay here in this prison”. When Arcita got home, he was so unhappy that he did not sleep, eat or drink. After a few months, the god Mercury visited him. “You look a different man now. You can go back to Athens. Nobody will recognize you”. Arcita put on poor clothes and went to Athens.

He got a job as a servant to Emily to be close to her.

Meanwhile, Palamon spent seven years in his dark and horrible prison. Finally, a friend helped him to escape from the tower.

He came to a wood where he decided to hide during the day.

By chance, Arcita was out riding in the wood. “What can I do?”

Arcita said to himself. “I am a servant”.

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“What can I do to please my Emily?” Palamon heard this and jumped out. “Arcita, you are a traitor, a liar! I am Palamon.

Give up your love of Emily or die!” The two cousins agreed to fight. Arcita came back the next morning with two horses and armour. The combat began. The two fought like wild boars, running against each other, mad with anger. That morning, Duke Theseus was out hunting when he saw the two knights fighting furiously. “Stop! No more! Why are you fighting here?” The cousins told him their stories. Theseus decided to settle the matter between the cousins once and for all.

“Come here in twelve months time, each of you with a hundred knights”, he said. “We will have a tournament”.

When the day of the tournament came, both Arcita and Palamon arrived with their knights. Duke Theseus made the rules of the tournament. He prohibited any sharp or pointed swords or knives. Any man knocked down had to be captured and not killed. When everything was ready, the Duke, Hippolyta and Emily took their seats and the tournament began.

The battle was furious. Arcita fought like a cruel tiger and Palamon like a bloodthirsty lion. Finally, towards the end of the day, Palamon was captured. Arcita took off his helmet and rode towards Emily. But just at that moment, his horse stumbled and Arcita fell badly. They took him back to Athens and tried to cure him. But the pain in his chest grew worse and worse.

Arcita turned to Emily.

“For love of you, Palamon and I have fought for so long. But now I am dying, think of my cousin. If you ever think to be a wife, do not forget the noble Palamon”. With these words he died.

Some time after Arcita’s death, Duke Theseus sent for Palamon. When he came to Athens, Theseus made the following speech: “Our good Arcita has departed with honour from the horrible prison of this life. But now is time to make happiness from this terrible story. Sister”, he said to Emily, “Palamon has served 12

you for years. He has loved you and suffered for you for so long that you should consider marrying him”.

Emily agreed and with great joy she and Palamon were married. Both of them loved each other tenderly. And between the two of them there was never an angry word.

No more of Palamon and Emily, And God save all this noble company!

And like this the knight finished his story.

Read the story. Order the events below. a) Arcita was released from prison and went back to Thebes. b) Theseus saw Palamon and Arcita fighting. c) Palamon and Emily got married. d) Arcita won the tournament but died soon afterwards. e) Palamon saw Emily in the garden. f) Palamon escaped from prison. g) Arcita and Palamon fought in the tournament. h) Arcita secretly returned to Athens. i) Arcita and Palamon were captured and put in prison. j) Both of the young men fell in love with Emily.

Test 5. Folk Songs and Ballads Read the text and choose the correct answer.

ROBIN HOOD The story of Robin Hood, the most popular English folk hero of all times, has reached every corner of the Earth. There are many versions of this well-known tale which is about 600 years old. Everybody knows Robin’s friends (Little John, Brother Tuck, Will Scarlet), and the famous Sherwood Forest — Robin Hood’s home and the place where many of his adventures took place. In other countries there are similar stories, such as William Tell in Switzerland, El Cid in Spain or Janosik in Poland, but only Robin Hood has become an “international” hero.

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Unfortunately, there is almost no evidence that Robin Hood really existed. Thirteenth-century ballads, fourteenth-century chronicles, a sixteenth-century History of Great Britain, all talk about Robin Hood. However, none of them tells us about the sources they used. In the 1800s and 1900s, historians found two Robin Hoods who lived in the fourteenth century. One of them was even King Edward III’s servant. Later on, other historians found several different Hoods living in different parts of England — Robin was a popular Christian name and Hood was a fairly common surname. It seems that by 1337, the story of Robin Hood was well-established. Most probably he lived around the year 1200.

Today, the legend of Robin Hood has turned Nottinghamshire into a large tourist attraction. In the centre of Nottingham there is Nottingham Castle. Parts of it still remember the time of Robin Hood. Sherwood Forest has an excellent visitors’ centre with an attractive display and shop, and some very pleasant walks in the nearby forest.

Edwinstowe church, in which, according to tradition, Robin Hood and Lady Marion were married, is one of the visitors’ favourite sites.

1. The story of Robin Hood is especially popular in… a) Spain; b) Switzerland; c) every corner of the Earth.

2. The story of Robin Hood is about… a) 600 years old; b) 800 years old; c) 500 years old.

3. William Tell, El Cid and Janosik are… a) international heroes; b) people’s heroes; c) Robin’s followers.

4. Robin Hood… a) really existed; b) didn’t really exist; c) remains an enigma for historians.

5. It is probable that Robin Hood was King Edward I1’s… a) servant; b) knight; 14

c) friend.

6. It is probable that Robin Hood lived in the… a) thirteenth century; b) fourteenth century; c) sixteenth century.

7. Robin was a popular… a) Indian name; b) Christian name; c) French name.

8. Now Nottinghamshire is a large… a) castle; b) a fortress; c) tourist attraction.

9. Sherwood Forest is… a) the place where Robin lived; b) the oldest forest in England; c) the biggest forest in England 10. Edwistowe is the place where Robin and lady Marion a) first kissed b) first met c) were married.

Test 6. The Renaissance in England. Thomas More and His “Utopia” Read the text about Sir Thomas More and be ready to choose the correct answer.

Thomas More was born in London and studied at Oxford after which, like his father and grandfather, became a lawyer and later a judge. Very soon he acquired the reputation of being strict but just and incorruptible, a brilliant Latin scholar and the wittiest man of his time. He became a member of the parliament in 1504, and very soon brought upon himself the displeasure of Henry VII. He persuaded the parliament not to vote to the king the huge sum of money he demanded. After the crowning of Henry VIII he became into great favour and made a rapid career as a statesman, at the same time writing works of a political, philosophical and historical character. During his diplomatic mission to Flanders he began writing “Utopia”, 15

which was printed in Louvain (Belgium) in 1516 under the supervision of his close friend Eramus.

In 1529 More was made Lord Chancellor of England (highest judge to the House of Lords).

By that time Henry VIII decided to divorce his first wife, the Spanish princess, and marry Anne Boleyn his lady-in-waiting.

England and Spain were becoming serious rivals in oversea expansion, and the king’s first marriage had lost his political sense.

The Catholic religion forbids divorce, which only the pope of Rome can great, but he refused it to Henry VIII. After that the king decided to put an end to all relations with the pope and proclaimed himself head of the Church in England. More was a devout Catholic, and opposed his plan. Moreover he understood that strengthening the tyranny of king would make the life of peasants worse, would increase the number of paupers, and would enrich the courtiers and financial speculators.

In 1532, after king’s second marriage, More refused to take the oath to the king, which would have meant his recognizing Henry VIII as the head of the Church of England.

From the official point of view his refusal was a treason, and More was condemned to death.

Efforts to reconcile with King failed, and he was beheaded in 1535.

True / false sentences 1. Thomas More was born in London and studied in Cambridge.

2. He became a lawyer like his father and grandfather; 3. He acquired the reputation of being strict and just and became the member of Parliament in 1504.

4. He made the career as the statesman after crowing the king Henry VIII. 5. He published his book “Utopia” in 1516.

6. Henry VIII had an opportunity to increase his wealth by confiscating the estate of the church. to the story and complete the sentences.

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7. More was a devout Catholic and didn’t oppose King’s plan.

8. Thomas More was beheaded in 1535.

Read the story and complete the sentences.

BOOK 1 contains a conversation between More himself, the Flemish humanist Petrus Aegidius and a veteran sailor Raphael Hythloday. The conversation deals with social and economic conditions in Europe and in England.

Life was not easy in England at that time: the parasitism of nobility, the uselessness of clergy the vices of monarchy. At that time common land was enclosed; the peasants were being driven off their lands and brought into poverty. The fields were turned into pastures for sheep. The increase of production of wool was profitable to merchants, because English wool was a chief –article of export at that period. This gave an opportunity to put the following words into Hythloday’s mouth: Your sheep that were so meek and tame, and so small eaters, now, as I hear it said have become such great devourers and so wild that they swallow the very men themselves. They consume, destroy, and devour whole fields, houses and cities. And Hythloday comes to a most important conclusion: a society based on private property cannot manage its affairs justly. Justice and welfare may be achieved by “abolition of private property”.

BOOK 2 is dedicated to Hythloday’s description of the island of Utopia., which is visited during one of his journeys. It is a state “that has achieved absolute social and economic harmony by replacing private property by common property. In this happy country all are contended with simple necessities and are employed in useful labour. Since the wants are few everyone must labour, no one need work more than six hours a day, and the rest of time may be devoted to education and recreation.

The main principals of Utopia: • No money. There is no need of it there.

• Neither laziness nor greed are known.

• No post in Utopia is hereditary.

• In Utopia no war is waged.

• Criminals are punished by slavery not by death.

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• No man may be punished by his religion.

• Slaves belong to the state, slave may become free, if he works honestly.

Thomas More was the first writer in Europe to formulate communistic principles as a basis for society, and therefore he considered one of the greatest thinkers mankind has ever known.

1. Utopia is…

2. The conversation deals with … and … conditions in Europe and England.

3. Life was not … in England at that time.

4. The peasants were brought into…

5. The fields were turned into…

6. A society based on … can’t manage its affairs justly.

7. Thomas More was the first writer to formulate … as a basis for society.

Test 7. William Shakespeare — the Genius of the Century Read the text and do the following tasks.

ROMEO AND JULIET (Part I) In the town of Verona, in Italy, there were two rich families, the Capulets and the Montagues. There was an old quarrel between those two families and when a Capulet met a Montague, they always began to fight. There was a daughter, Juliet by name, in the Capulet family, who was fourteen years old at the time of the story, and a son, Romeo, in the Montague family, who was sixteen.

One day old Capulet made a great supper and invited many people to it but no one from the house of the Montagues.

When dancing began, Romeo saw a young and very beautiful girl whom he did not know. This was Juliet, and Romeo fell in love with her.

Juliet could not sleep that night; she fell in love with Romeo too. She went up to the window of her room and from there she 18

saw Romeo in the garden. They talked about their love and the quarrel between their families. Romeo asked Juliet to marry him. They decided that nobody must know about their love and about their plan to marry.

Vocabulary • the Capulets — Капулетті • the Montagues — Монтеккі • Juliet — Джульетта • Romeo — Ромео Post-reading task Is it true or false? Correct false sentences.

1. In the town of Verona, in England, there were two rich families, the Capulets and the Montagues.

2. There was a deep friendship between those two families.

3. Juliet belonged to the Montague family.

4. Juliet was fifteen years old.

5. One day old Capulet made a great birthday party.

6. Juliet’s father invited Romeo to his house.

7. Romeo saw Juliet and fell in love with her.

8. They decided to marry.

9. Romeo and Juliet met in the centre of the town.

Find synonyms to the following words.

1) disagreement, argument; 2) to struggle; 3) pretty.

Find antonyms to the following words.

1) poor; 2) to end, to finish; 3) to love.

Answer the questions.

1. What do you know about Juliet?

2. What do you know about Romeo?

3. When did Romeo and Juliet meet for the first time?

4. What did they talk about in the garden?

Recall the situations in which you came across the following expressions.

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1) an old quarrel; 2) to make a great supper; 3) to fall in love; 4) to marry (somebody); 5) to decide.

Test 8. The Middle English period (1100–1485) and the Renaissance period (1495–1660).

1. “Beowulf is a famous… a) poem; b) ballad; c) tale; d) novel.

2. “Beowulf tells us about… a) Beowulf’s love to a girl; b) his adventures; c) Hrothgar, the king of the Danes; d) the giants.

3. Oxford was founded in… a) 1209; b) 1120; c) 1168; d) 1564.

4. The graduates from Oxford were awarded with a) medals; b) a certificate; c) Bachelor of Science; d) some grants.

5. Geoffrey Chaucer wrote… a) Anglo-Saxon Chronicle; b) The Canterbury Tales; c) Robin Hood; d) The Death of Arthur.

6. A bard is… a) a poet; b) a singer; c) a writer; d) a playwright.

7. A ballad is… a) poem; b) story; c) tale; d) novel.

8. Robin Hood lived in the … century. a) 15th; b) 14th; c) 12th; d) 5th.

9. King Arthur wanted his knights to sit around circular table… a) to have feasts; b) to discuss their affairs; 20

c) to compose poems; d) to vote.

10. Excalibur is… a) a sword; b) a knife; c) a bow; d) a ball.

11. A sonnet is… a) an 8-line poem; b) a 4-line poem; c) a 15-line poem; d) a 14-line poem.

12. “Utopia” was written by… a) Sir Thomas Mallory; b) Sir Thomas More; c) Geoffrey Chaucer; d) Caedmon.

13. The Renaissance means… a) rebirth; b) harmony; c) imagination; d) restoration.

14. After his interview with the Ghost Hamlet decides… a) to kill Claudius b) to pretend to be mad c) to visit his mother and speak to her d) to go to Denmark 15. Othello trusts… a) Iago b) Desdemona c) no one d) Cassio 16. Othello falls victim to his a) servants b) wife c) passion d) bad character 17. King Lear decides to divide his kingdom because… a) he wants to unburden himself b) he wants to please his daughters c) he wants to enjoy the pleasures of power without accepting its pains d) he had some new plans 18. “Paradise Lost” was written by. a) Joseph Addison b) Sir Richard Steele c) John Dryden d) John Milton 19. The argument of the poem “Paradise Lost” concerns… a) the investigation of the new world b) the darkness of Chaos c) the Fall of Man d) Satan and the rebel angels

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20. One of the English writers standing in the pillory on a public square was cheered and flowers were thrown to him.

Who was he? a) Jonathon Swift b) William Shakespeare c) John Milton d) Daniel Defoe

Test 9. Daniel Defoe’s “Robinson Crusoe ” Read the extract from the book and do the following tasks.

A FOOTPRINT IN THE SAND Then something very strange happened. One day I was going along the shore towards my boat when I saw a man’s footprint in the sand. I stood there too surprised to move. I listened, I looked all round me, but I could not hear or see anything. I went up a hill to look farther; I went up and down the shore, but there was no one, and no other footprints. I went to the print again to make sure I had not imagined it. There it was, very clear indeed. I turned and ran home, looking behind me “every few steps”. Every bush or tree I saw, I thought was a man; and my mind was full of wild imaginings.

I went up my ladder and pulled it after me; my heart was racing and my mouth was dry.1 I did not sleep that night.

Sometimes I thought the footprint was the devil’; for how could any human being reach my island? Where was the ship that brought him, and where were the prints of any other feet? Then I realized how foolish I was… Would the devil really take human shape2 simply to leave a footprint to frighten me?

Surely he could have left his footprint nearer my home, rather than on the sand where the tide would wash it away.

Then I wondered if the footprint came from one of the Indians of the mainland. Perhaps they had been driven to my island by winds and currents in their boats, then gone away again.

Then I wondered if they had found my boat, and so realized that someone was living on the island. If so, perhaps they 22

would come again in greater numbers, and kill and eat me.

And, even if they did not find me, they might find my fields and carry away my corn and my herd of goats, and leave me to die of hunger. All my confidence in god seemed to leave me. It is strange; at one time I wanted, more than anything else, to see another human being. Now one human footprint filled me with fear.

Perhaps the footprint is my own, after all, I thought, and my worries are in vain. I began, to take courage, and consider leaving my cave. I had stayed there for three days and nights and was getting short of food. Also, my goats needed to be milked, and would already be in pain.

While I milked my goats I was still very frightened; I kept looking behind me, ready to run for my life. However, after two or three days, I became a little braver. When at last I persuaded myself to walk on the shore where I had seen the footprint, I found that the footprint was far larger than my own foot; and all my terrible imaginings began again.

My anxious thoughts kept me awake all night. But in the morning I fell asleep and slept very deeply. When I awoke I began to think more clearly, and I realized that this pleasant island is mine, so near the mainland, was perhaps less lonely than I had thought. Although no one actually lived there, it was quite possible that boats landed there, either on purpose or because winds and currents carried them there.

Say in one word: 1) A mark made by a foot or a shoe; 2) to think of what something would be like if it happened; 3) a feeling that you can trust someone or something to be good or successful; 4) To make someone decide to do something by telling them why it is a good idea; 5) The main part of an area of land, not the island that are near it.

Complete the sentences.

1. I looked all around me‌ 23

2. My heart…, my mouth…

3. I wondered if the footprints came from…

4. All my confidence in God… 5. I began to take courage…

Put the sentences in chronological order. a) I went to the print again to make sure that I had not imagined it. b) I thought that foot was devil’s. c) I was going along the shore towards my foot when I saw a man’s footprint in the sand. d) Then I wondered if the footprint came from one of the Indians of the main land. e) After two or three days I became a little braver. f) I realized that this pleasant island of mine was perhaps less lonely, than I had thought. g) My anxious thoughts kept me awake all night. h) Perhaps the footprint is my own after all, I thought, and my worries are in vain. i) I didn’t sleep that night.

Test 10. Jonathan Swift and His “Gulliver’s Travels” Read the story and fill in the box, using the word from the list below.

Ideal country, no sickness, has no consideration for his people, collects taxes, ruled by a clever Emperor, no frivolities, suppress rebellion, meets a terrible storm, amused by small size, get safety ashore, finds in a strange country, mocks at, stresses insignificance Let’s turn some pages of Swift’s work.

• In “Gulliver’s Travel” Swift satirized the evils of the existing society in the form of fictitious travels.

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• It tells of the adventures of a ship’s surgeon, as related by himself, and is divided into four parts, or four voyages: • A Voyage to Lilliput • A Voyage to Brobdingnag (a voyage to the land of giants) • A Voyage to Laputa, Balnibarbi, Luggnagg, Glubdubdrib, and Japan (a voyage to a flying island) • A Voyage to the country of the Houyhnhnms (a voyage to the ideal island) Part 1. A VOYAGE TO LILLIPUT This part is about Gulliver’s adventures in Lilliput. After being shipwrecked, Gulliver gets safely ashore and finds himself in a strange country inhabited by a race of people about six inches high.

By making them so small Swift stresses their insignificance, and feel contempt for their ideas, customs, and institutions.

Swift mocks at their Emperor, who boasts that he is the delight of the universe while, as a matter of fact, he is no taller than a nail. It is easy to understand that Swift meant this small country with its shallow interests, corrupt laws and evil customs to symbolize the England of the 18th century.

Part 2. A VOYAGE TO BROBDINGNAG Before long Gulliver undertakes another voyage The ship meets a terrible storm and Gulliver finds himself on the land of the giants. On the whole they are good-natured creatures and treat Gulliver kindly, though they are amused by his small size and look upon him as a play thing. Brobdingnag is the ideal place for Swift, ruled by a clever and honest Emperor (the king of the country has no idea what the war is).

Part 3. A VOYAGE TO LAPUTA, BALNIBARBI, LUGGNAGG, GLUBDUBDRIB, AND JAPAN Describing Gulliver’s voyage to Laputa, a flying island, Swift attacks monarchs whose policy brings nothing but I suffering to their subjects. The king of Laputa has no consideration for his people, and does not think of them at all, except when he has to collect taxes from them. The flying or floating-island — “a phenomenon solved by modern philosophy and astronomy” — 25

helps the king to make the people of his dominions and it also helps him to suppress rebellions.

Part 4 The fourth journey brings Gulliver to the ideal country of the Houyhnhnms, where there is neither sickness, dishonesty, nor any of the frivolities of human society.

Part 1 Part 2 Part 3 Part 4 Do the literary test. The test is based on the knowledge gained at the lessons of foreign literature and the lessons of English literature.

Test Choose the correct answer from among those offered.

1. Gulliver arrived in Lilliput as the result of being… a) shipwrecked b) abandoned by his companions c) marooned by pirates 2. The Lilliputians overcame Gulliver by… a) using bows and arrows b) stealing his weapons c) tying him down 3. The Lilliputians believed that Gulliver’s most important possession was his… a) pistol; b) watch; c) spectacles.

4. Government officials in Lilliput were appointed as a result of… a) favoritism; b) a written exam; c) exams in acrobatic rope and stick dancing.

5. Blefuscu was… a) a province of Lilliput; b) the capital of Lilliput; c) a country.

6. Gulliver’s stay in Lilliput was made uncomfortable because of… a) political enemies; b) inadequate food; c) the common people’s jealousy.

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7. The noble people in Lilliput spoke a) one language; b) several languages; c) two languages.

8. Children from noble families in Lilliput are brought up a) by parents only; b) in public educational establishments; c) by parents and teachers.

9. The girls from rich families finish their education when they are a) 11; b) 12; c) 13.

10. Gulliver returned to England a) by plane b) by ship c) in a boat

Test 11.

The Romantic Movement. George Gordon Byron Read the text and do the task GEORGE GORDON BYRON (1788–1824) The great English poet George Gordon Byron was born in 1788 in an old aristocratic family. His mother came of a rich Scottish family. His father was a poor army officer who spent his wife’s money very soon and died when the boy was three years old. The family lived in Scotland, where the boy went to Grammar school. He loved history and read much about Rome, Greece and Turkey”. I’ve read eating, read in bed, read when no one else read since I was five years of old”. The boy was born lame, but he liked sports and trained every day. He could ride a horse very well, and was a champion swimmer, a boxer and took part in athletic activities.

In 1798 Byron’s granduncle died and the boy inherited the title of lord and the family estate, Newstead Abbey in Nottinghamshire. The family came to live there and George was sent to Harrow school where boys of aristocratic families got there education.

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Byron’s first days at school were unhappy. As he was lame the boy’s laughed at him. But soon the boys liked him because he read much and knew many interesting facts from history. He wrote poems and read them to his friends.

At 17 Byron entered Cambridge University and there his literary career began.

It was the time after the first bourgeois revolution in France when the reactionary governments in Europe were trying to kill the freedom. The European nations were struggling against Napoleon for there independence. The industrial revolution developed in England and many people lost their work. Byron hated exploitation and sympathized with the working class. In 1807, when he was a student, he published his first collection of poems “Hours of Idleness”.

In 1809 he went travelling and visited Portugal, Spain, Greece and Turkey. In his travels over Europe the poet saw exploitation the same as in his countries. Byron described the travels in a long poem “Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage”. The first two parts of the poem were published in1812 and made him famous.

In 1815 Byron married Miss Isabella Milhanke, a cold and pedantic woman. They had a daughter, Augusta Ada, whom Byron loved very much. He was not happy in his family and soon left his wife. Byron’s revolutionary speeches in parliament and the divorce helped the enemies to begin an attack against the poet. Byron was accused of immortality and had to leave England, he went to Switzerland. There Byron met Shelly and the two poets became friends.

In 1817 Byron went to Italy where he lived until 1823. In Italy Byron wrote many of his best poems: “Don Juan”, (1819– 1824), “Cain” (1821), “The age of Bronze” (1823). When the Carbonari movement was ended Byron went to Greece and joined the people in there struggle for independence against Turkey. The struggle for national independence had become the aim of his life. In Greek town of Missolonghi Byron fell ill with typhus and died in April 1824.

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His friends brought Byron’s body to England and was buried in Newstead, his native place.

G. G. Byron’s Quiz Choose the right answer about Byron’s life.

1. Byron was born in: a) London; b) Cardiff; c) Edinburgh.

2. He inherited the title of lord: a) in 1797; b) in 1799; c) in 1801.

3. Byron was sent to Harrow school where: a) only boys got their education; b) children from aristocratic families got their education; c) children from different families got their education.

4. His literary career began when he was: a) 20; b) 18; c) 17.

5. Byron hated … and sympathized with … a) rich, working class; b) poor, rich; c) exploitation, working class.

6. In … he wrote many of his best poems. a) Italy; b) Spain; c) Greece 7. … had become the aim of Byron’s life. a) The struggle for national independence b) The freedom of Italy c) The independence of Spain Byron’s word puzzle 1. What university did he enter at the age of 17?

2. What did he hate most of all?

3. What title did he inherit at the age of 10?

4. What poem did he speak about his first love?

5. What was his daughter’s name?

6. What did he struggle for?

7. What organization did he join in Italy?

8. What disease did he fall in Italy?

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9. What month did he die?

10. What is his main literary work?

11. What poem did he write in Italy in 1821?

Test 12. Walter Scott And His Historical Novels Read the text. Five sentences have been removed from the text. Choose from sentences A–E the one which fits each gap.

The first great English writer of historical novels was born in Edinburgh on August 15, 1771.

His father was a lawyer, he was the first of his clan to live in a city and practice a profession. He had a large family. (A) When not yet two years old, the boy fell with the disease that left him lame for life. His parents thought country air would be good for him, so they sent him to a grandparents’ farm, called Sandy Knowe, a place where there were hills and crags, a ruined tower. (B) Walter’s grandparents told him thrilling tales of adventures on the Scottish border and stories of the crumbling abbeys and old castles.

He learned to love the solemn history of Scotland and liked to recite Scottish ballads and poems.

When he grew older and went to school, he became very fond of reading. At the age of 15 he had a chance to meet Robert Burns.

At the suggestion of his farther, Scott became a lawyer and practiced for 14 years. (C) In his wanderings Scott saw the many thousands of peasants who streamed along the road towards the coal and iron regions in the south-west of Scotland to find work. Like many writers belonging to the Romantic trend, Scott, too, felt that all the good days were gone. (D) The folk ballads were the first poetic work he published.

At the age of 26 he married, and bought a large estate at Abbotsford not far from Edinburgh. (E) From 1815 till 1832 Scott wrote more than twenty –five novels and many stories and tales besides. He worked hard and broke his health. His 30

doctors sent him to Italy but it was too late. Before reaching Italy he had to turn back, and on his arrival to Abbotsford he died.

A. Walter, the future writer, was the ninth of his twelve children.

B. Walter soon became a strong boy, in spite of his lameless he climbed the steep hills and rode his Scotland pony at a gallop.

C. During his business trips he visited places of famous battles and collected old ballads that were still passed on from generation to generation by word of mouth.

D. He wished to record all the historical facts he knew before they were forgotten and thus pay tribute to the past.

E. The house he built, became a sort of museum of Scottish history and culture.

Mark true / false sentences.

1. Sir Walter Scott was born at the beginning of the 18th century.

2. He was the youngest child in the family 3. Walter’s grandparents influenced him greatly.

4. His first literary works were the lyrical poems 5. His literary heritage is great 6. Sir Walter Scott continued family tradition and became a lawyer.

7. In his works Sir Walter Scott paid tribute to the past.

8. Constant work undermined Scott’s health.

Test 13. Charles Dickens And His Works Read extracts from “The Pickwick Club” and “Oliver Twist” and do the following activities.

“THE PICKWICK CLUB” (EXTRACT) On a sunny morning of the thirteenth of May, one thousand eight hundred and twenty-seven Mr. Samuel Pickwick rose from his bed, opened the window and looked out. Goswell Street was at his feet, Goswell was on his right, Goswell was on 31

his left, Goswell was in front of him. Mr. Pickwick was not happy to see only Goswell street. He wanted to see life in other places surrounding the street.

Soon after breakfast Mr. Pickwick with a bag in his hand, a telescope and a note-book in his pocket was ready to meet adventures. He took a cab and went to “Golden Cross”, an inn where his friends were waiting for him. On the way there Mr. Pickwick began his studies of London life.

“How old is that horse, my friend?” asked he. “Forty-two”, answered the cabman. “What!” said Mr. Pickwick laying his hand upon the note-book. The cabman repeated the answer and Mr. Pickwick wrote it down in his note-book. “And how long do you keep him out at a time?” “Two or three weeks”, answered the cabman. “Weeks!” said Mr. Pickwick in surprise and he took out his note-book again. “We seldom take him out of the cab”, said the cabman. “He is old, not very strong, and always falls down when we take him out of it. So we tie him to the cab, the cab runs after him”. Mr. Pickwick wrote down every word told by the cabman in his note-book. He wanted to use the information at a club meeting.

Soon they came to the inn “Golden Cross” where Mr. Tupman, Mr. Snodgrass, and Mr. Winkle were waiting for their leader. The cabman jumped down and Mr. Pickwick got out.

“Here is your fare”, said Mr. Pickwick, holding out a shilling to the cabman. But the cabman threw the money on the ground and prepared to fight Mr. Pickwick. “You are an informer and want to report on me”, cried the “cabman. “I am not” said Mr. Pickwick.

“What did you want my number for?”

“I didn’t want your number”, said Mr. Pickwick “Why did you write it down, then ?” asked the cabman.

“I didn’t write it down”, said Mr. Pickwick.

“You did”, said the cabman, “and I have got people who will prove it But I’ll teach you, if I get six months for it”. The cabman knocked Mr. Pickwick’s spectacles off, then followed the blow on his nose, and another on Mr. Pickwick’s side, a 32

third blow in Mr. Snodgrass ‘s eye, and a fourth by way of variety, in Mr. Tupman’s back.

“Where is a policeman’” said Mr. Snodgrass.

People from the crowd gave some advice to the cabman what to do next.

“You will answer for this”, cried Mr. Pickwick.

“Informers!” shouted the crowd.

“We are not”, cried Mr. Pickwick. The people moved nearer and showed interest and readiness to help the cabman. At that moment a tall young man, in a green coal, came suddenly from the inn. “What’s that?” he said. “Informers!” shouted the crowd again. “You are not informers, are you?” said the young man to Mr. Pickwick, and pushing the crowd back “Come along”, said he pulling Mr. Pickwick after him and talking all the time The stranger led the way to the traveler’s waiting-room. Mr. Pickwick and his friends followed.

Use the text and say in one word.

1. Someone you don’t know.

2. Large group of people in one place.

3. A person who tells something about somebody.

4. To fasten something by making a knot.

5. To make something move away.

6. To make the object move quickly through the air.

Mark true / false sentences.

1. Mr. Pickwick was happy when he rose from his bed.

2. His friends waited for him in a pub.

3. The cabman kept the horse out for two or three weeks.

4. Mr. Pickwick paid a cabman one shilling.

5. Mr. Pickwick wrote down the cab’s number.

6. People from the crowd gave some advice to the cabman what to do next.

7. The stranger helped Mr. Pickwick OLIVER Oliver Twist was born in a workhouse. His mother died minutes afterwards, and Oliver was taken to the local children’s home. On his ninth birthday he was sent back to workhouse. It 33

has recently been decided that the workhouse has become too popular with the poor. They liked living there, for indeed it cost them nothing. New rules were made to stop them enjoying themselves and to reduce the cost of keeping them there. The food became worse, and there was less of it.

As a result more and more workhouse people died, and the he governors were pleased to see the lower cost of running the place.

Oliver was put; with the other boys. They ate in a big room with a copper at one. At meal-times the master gave each boy one ladder of porridge. On Sundays they received a piece of bread. The boys’ plates never needed washing, for they ate everything. A few months after Oliver arrived, the boys had grown so wild hunger that they decided someone must ask for more food. Oliver was chosen to do this.

That evening the boys ate their food with their unusual speed.

After they had all finished, they sat looking hungrily at the copper. They began to whisper, they sat looking hungrily at the copper. They began to whisper, then they looked at Oliver.

Hunger made Oliver brave. He rose from the table, and with his plate and spoon in his hand, he went up to the master. “Please, sir, I want some more�, he said, rather surprised at his own courage.

Choose the correct variant.

1. Where was Oliver Twist born? a) He was born in the hospital. b) He was born at home. c) He was born in a workhouse. d) He was born in maternity home.

2. When was he sent back to the workhouse? a) When he was born. b) When his mother died. c) When he was nine. d) On his tenth birthday 3. Why did more and more workhouse people die? a) Because they were seriously ill. b) Because the food became worse. c) Because the water was poisoned 34

d) Because they were given no meals at all?

4. Where did Oliver and other boys eat? a) In a small dining-room. b) At a restaurant. c) In a canteen. d) In a big room.

5. What did the master give each boy at mealtimes? a) One plate of soup. b) One ladle of porridge. c) Two pieces of cheese. d) One glass of water.

6. When did they receive a piece of bread? a) In the morning. b) On Tuesdays. c) During the lunch-time. d) On Sundays.

7. Who was chosen to ask for more food? a) The copper was. b) Oliver was. c) The master was. d) Oliver’s friend was.

8. What did the boys do that evening? a) They played football. b) They ate their food. c) They had their tea. d) They talked.

9. Who were the boys looking at hungrily? a) At the copper. b) At the master. c) At Oliver. d) At one another.

10. Who did Oliver ask for some more meals? a) His friend. b) The copper. c) The master. d) The cook.

Test 14. Semester Quiz 1. About the 4th century В. С. England was populated by the people belonging to the … race. a) Roman; b) Celtic; c) Saxon; d) Yeoman.

2. We meet traces of the Celtic language for the most part in… a) ancient literature; b) proper names; c) folk tales; d) in geographical names.

3. In the 1st century В. С. Britain was conquered by the powerful state of… a) Egypt; b) Babylon; 35

c) Rome; d) Wessex.

4. The Romans were greatly interested to learn from the travelers… a) what valuable metals were to be found in Britain; b) what rare plants were to be found in Britain; c) what languages were those people to speak; d) if the Britons were skilful warriors.

5. The Anglo-Saxon pagan goddess of prosperity was… a) Venus; b) Arthernida; c) Freia; d) Ariadna.

6. The God of time worshipped by the Romans was… a) Pluto; b) Saturn; c) Mars; d) Thor.

7. At the beginning of the 9th century Britain was divided into… kingdoms. a) 10; b) 5; c) 7; d) 12.

8. Most of the works and documents in Old England were written in… a) Northumbrian dialect; b) Wessex dialect of Anglo-Saxon; c) the language of Jutes; d) Mercian dialect.

9. The poem “Beоwul” was composed by… a) a group of Roman poets; b) an unknown author; c) an unknown priest; d) an ancient folk scriber.

10. Beowulf is… a) a king of Danes; b) one of the Roman generals; c) a young knight of the Geats;d) a poor Saxon peasant.

11. The merit of the poem “Beowulf lies in the… a) vivid description of the life of that period, of the heroic deeds of the warriors; b) detailed description of the wedding ceremony of the kings; c) full collection of folk-songs of the time; d) formation of the national language.

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12. Beowulf s victory over the monsters symbolizes… a) the man being the king of the nature; b) the glory of braveness and self-sacrifice; c) the triumph of man over the powers of darkness and death; d) the endless fight of good and evil.

13. Stories of … were typical of the literature of early Christianity (6—7th centuries). a) the life of kings and their servants; b) Christian martyrs and saints; c) love of knights to their ladies; d) life of common people.

14. To Alfred the Great the English owe… a) the end of the war of Roses; b) the beginning of Christianity in England; c) the opening of the first university in England; d) the first history of England.

15. The first university of Oxford was formed in… a) 1093; b) 1168; c) 1236; d) 1118.

16. The national language developed from… a) the London dialect; b) the Norman-French language; c) the Norman language; d) the Anglo-Saxon dialect.

17. The rioted authors of the 14th century were…. a) Alexander Pope and Thomas More; b) Chaucer and Marlowe; c) William Langland; d) Cynewulf and Venerable Bede.

18. Geoffrey Chaucer’s masterpiece is… a) “Anglo-Saxon Chronicl”. b) “The Canterbury Tale”; c) “Pier’s Plowma”; d) “The History of the English Churc”.

19. The most important thing about Chaucer is that… a) he managed to show all ranks of society, all types of people; b) he opened the new epoch in the development of the literature in England; c) he introduced many new words; 37

d) he was the first to speak about the beauty of the English nature.

20. The first printing press in England in 1476 was set up by… a) Sir Thomas Wyatt; b) William Caxton; c) Sir Philip Sydney; d) Edmund Spenser.

21. The most interesting examples of folk poetry of the 15th century were… a) mysteries; b) epic poems; c) the ballads; d) lyrics.

22. The ballad became the most popular form of amusement because… a) it was something intermediate between a performance and a game; b) it was easily put to music; c) it was easy to remember; d) it was short, merry and laconic.

23. The new outlook that developed during the Renaissance period (from the 14th till the 17th centuries) was called… a) atheism; b) communism; c) democracy; d) humanism.

24. The most important writer of the 1st period of the Renaissance in England was… a) Shakespeare; b) Sir Thomas More; c) Sir Walter Raleigh; d) Ben Johnson.

25. Thomas More is considered to be one of the greatest thinkers mankind has ever known because… a) he was the first prose writer; b) he was the first to speak about equality; c) he was the first writer to formulate communistic principles as a basis for society; d) he was the first English philosopher.

26. The second period of the Renaissance in English literature (16– 171h centuries) is usually called… a) Elizabethan age; b) Golden age; c) Brilliant age; d) Immortal age.

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27. The mode of life of the end of the 16th century in England gave birth to a new dramatic genre… a) tragic-comedy; b) opera; c) operetta; d) tragedy 28. William Shakespeare was born in… a) 1616; b) 1564; c) 1572; d) 1632.

29. Fit the genre and the play.

1) Comedy a) “Anthony and Cleopatr” 2) tragedy b) “Henry VII” 3) history c) “Twelfth Nigh” 30. The political struggle of the beginning of the 171h century (the Bourgeois Revolution) led to the… a) abolition of monarchy; b) foundation of the democratic state; c) foundation of journalism and the periodical press; d) contradictions between the bourgeoisie and the nobility.

31. The literature of the Enlightenment may be divided into … periods. a) 2; b) 3; c) 4; d) 5.

32. Daniel Defoe is regarded to be… a) the founder of the early bourgeois realistic novel; b) the editor of the first London newspaper; с) the founder of the realistic trend in English literature d) the first to speak about the future of the country.

33. Defoe was the first writer to… a) criticize the vices of the society of the time; b) to describe nature in his works; c) to speak about women’ s rights in the life of the society; d) introduce the common men as a key character of the novel.

34. Robinson’s prototype lived on a desert island for … years. a) 12; b) 24; c) 4; d) 10.

35. Such trait as … is characteristic of Defoe. a) self-sacrifice: b) individualism; 39

c) misanthropy; d) philanthropy.

36. Most of his life Jonathan Swift (1667–1745) lived in… a) Ireland; b) London; c) France; d) Germany.

37. Fit the voyages and countries Gulliver visited.

1) First a) a voyage to Brobdingnag 2) second b) a voyage to the country of Houyhnhnms 3) third c) a voyage to Laputa, Luggnagg, Glubdubdrib 4) fourth d) a voyage to Lilliput 38. The greatest merit of “The Gulliver’s Travel” lies in… a) the author’s description of the life of the common people; b) the expressiveness of the writer’s language; c) the satirical description of all the faults and vices of the society of the time; d) the satirical description of the life of the English nobility.

39. Towards the middle of the 18th century a new literary trend that of … appeared in English literature. a) Renaissance; b) Enlightenment; c) Humanism; d) Sentimental.

40. Robert Burns (1759–1796) was a true son of the… a) London’s dockers; b) Scottish peasantry; c) English people; d) Welsh peasantry.

41. Romanticism was the leading literary movement in England… a) in the second half of the 18th century; b) in the first half of the 191h century; c) in the first half of the 181h century; d) at the beginning of the 19th century 42. A group of poets belonging to the revolutionary romantic trend was known as… a) University Wits; b) English Romantics; c) Lake Poets; d) Carbonizes.

43. George Gordon Byron (1788–1824) is the embodiment of … of all progressive-thinking people of the time.

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a) the love of freedom; b) the love of common people; c) the love of Motherland; d) the revolutionary spirit.

44. Percy Bysshe Shelley (1792–1822) was the first poet in English literature to portray… a) the common people as the only force capable of changing the existing order of life; b) women’s beauty; c) English nature and man’s attitude to it; d) the beauty of human relations.

45. Walter Scott (1771–1832) is the founder of the English … novel. a) dramatic; b) fantastic; c) historical; d) social.

Test 15. The Realistic Period in English Literature.

Robert Louis Stevenson The Realistic Period in English Literature In the seventies of the 19th century most writers on social problems believed that science would finally sweep away all human misery and bring civilization to all. Men of science were invited to speak in public halls and express their opinions on all kinds of subjects. Many of these scientists spread their demagogic ideas among the people.

But during the last decades of the 19th century doubts began to arise. People had awakened to the fact that scientific progress was increasing the wealth of the upper classes only.

They began to see that some human beings were born to riches for which they had not worked, while the majority were born to poverty from which there was no escape.

So the phrase “the End of the Century” meant not only the turn of the century: it also meant that a certain change had occurred in the more clearly-thinking minds.

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It was the end of the Century that created writers who were interested in human society as a whole. The spirit of the time lasted till the First World War of 1914–1918.

True / false sentence.

1. In the seventies of the 19th century most writers believed that science would bring civilization to all.

2. Men of science were invited to speak in public halls.

3. During the last decades of the 20th century doubts began to arise.

4. People saw that some human beings were born to riches for which they had not worked.

5. The majority people were born to poverty from which there was no escape.

6. The spirit of the time lasted till the Second World War of 1914– 1918.

Read the extract from the story “Treasure Island” and do some tasks.

CHAPTER 18 Story Continued by the Doctor: End of the First Day’s Fight As we ran as fast as we could to the stockade, we could hear the pirates’ voices quite near. When we came up to the stockade, seven pirates ran out of the forest. We stopped and the pirates stopped too. Before they could decide what to do, not only the squire and I, but also Hunter and Joyce from the log-house, had time to fire. One of the seven pirates fell, and the other six turned and ran back into the wood.

We walked up to the pirate. He was quite dead. But at that moment we heard a pistol shot in the wood, and poor Tom Redruth fell on the grass. The squire and I ran up to him. I at once saw that he was dying. We carried him into the log-house.

We all liked him. He always did everything he was asked to do and never said a word. And now he was dying.

The squire kissed Tom’s hands, and cried like a child. “Am I dying, doctor?” the old man asked me. What could I tell him?

Soon after that he died.

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All that time in the log-house I also looked at the captain. In his pockets he had very many things, and now he was taking them out: two British flags, a Bible, a pen, the ship’s log-book, tobacco and other things. Very soon the British flag was high in the air over the tops of the trees. And when Tom Redruth died, the captain came up and put the other flag over him. Then he came up to me.

“Doctor Livesey”, he said, “we have little food here. Enough powder and arms, but little food”.

At that moment a round shot whistled over the log-house, but it fell far from the house, in the wood. The second round shot fell inside the stockade.

“Captain”, said the squire, “they can’t see the log-house from the ship. But now they can see the flag. Won’t it be better to strike the flag?”

“Strike the flag?” cried the captain. “No, sir, I’m not going to strike the flag”. And as he said the words, we understood he was right. The flag showed the pirates that we were not afraid of them and their cannonade.

“There is one more thing we must do”, said the captain, “we must save the food that went to the bottom. I don’t think there are pirates in the wood in front of us now, and the ebb-tide has carried the water away from the shore. We can get the salted meat that was in the boat I think, and we must do it now.

Volunteers to go and bring the food”.

Gray and Hunter at once said they were ready to go. Well armed they left the stockade; but it was too late: four or five mutineers were already carrying the food to one of their boats which was waiting for them. Silver was in the stern of it, and every mutineer was now armed with a musket.

That day the captain took the log-book, sat down, and began writing: “Alexander Smollett, captain of the ship, David Livesey, ship’s doctor, John Trelawney, owner of the Hispaniola, Abraham Gray, carpenter’s mate, John Hunter and Richard Joyce, owner’s servants — all that is left faithful of the ship’s 43

company — with food only for ten days, came ashore this day, and put up the British flag on the log-house in Treasure Island.

Thomas Redruth, owner’s servant, was shot by the mutineers, James Hawkins, cabin-boy”.

At that time I was also thinking about poor Jim, when suddenly I heard a loud voice from behind the stockade.

“Somebody is calling us”, said Hunter who was on guard.

“Doctor! Squire! Captain! Hallo, Hunter, is that you?” somebody was shouting.

And I ran to the door and saw Jim Hawkins climbing over the stockade.

Choose the correct answer from among those offered: 1. When they came up to the stockage a) seven pirates ran out of the ship; b) seven pirates ran out of the forest; c) three people ran towards the forest; 2. …fell on the grass. a) Tom Redruth b) Hunter c) Joyce 3. The captain had… a) a gun in his pocket; b) nothing in his pockets; c) very many things in his pocket.

4. The flag showed the pirates… a) where they were; b) that they were ready to fight with them; c) that they were not afraid of them; 5. …took the log-book, and began writing. a) The captain b) David Livesey c) Jim Hawkins 6. Suddenly they heard that… a) two pirates asked for their help; b) somebody was shouting; c) somebody ran to the door.

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Test 16. Arthur Conan Doyle “The Hound of the Baskervilles” Read the text and do the tasks.

CHAPTER XVIII Sherlock Holmes Tells His Friend the Details of the Case It was the end of November. Holmes and Watson were sitting one foggy evening by a bright fire in their room in Baker Street. In the afternoon they had seen Sir Henry and Dr. Mortimer who were in London, preparing to start on the voyage which had been recommended to Sir Henry after his long illness. It was natural that now the conversation turned to the tragic events that had taken place in Devonshire a month before.

“My dear Holmes”, said Watson. “I should like you to tell me all the details of the case, as there are still some points which I do not quite understand”.

“All right”, said Holmes, leaning back in his armchair and puffing at his cigar. “I have learned some facts concerning Stapleton’s biography and I shall try to make everything clear to you. Stapleton was indeed a Baskerville, as I guessed from the likeness between him and the family portrait. He was the son of Rodger, the youngest brother of Sir Charles. In his youth Rodger fled to South America with a dark reputation. He had always been the black sheep of the family, and it was said that he was very much like his ancestor, the wicked Hugo Baskerville. His son whom we call Stapleton married Beryl Garcia, one of the beauties of Costa Rica. This young man took after his father. He stole a large sum of money and was obliged to flee with his wife to the North of England. There he became a schoolteacher under the name of Vandeleur. But soon he had to flee from that part of England too and change his name again. This time he and his wife took the name of Stapleton, and as he knew much about insects and butterflies he passed for a naturalist. Now I come to that part of his life which has been so interesting to us. Before coming to Devonshire he had evidently found out that there were only two Baskervilles who 45

stood between him and a great fortune. So he decided to get the estate and the money. His first act was to establish himself as near the Hall as possible. His second act was to make friends with old Sir Charles and his neighbours. For his own reasons he made his wife pass for his sister”.

“Sir Charles himself told him about the family legend and so prepared the way for his own death. Stapleton, as I will continue to call him, knew that the old man’s heart was weak and that a shock would kill him. He had also heard from Dr. Mortimer that Sir Charles believed in the family legend. So he invented a way to get rid of him and remain unsuspected.

“He went to London and there he bought the largest and strongest black hound he could find. He brought it to Devonshire and walked a great distance over the moor, so as not to be noticed.

The island in the middle of the Grimpen Mire was a very good hiding-place for the creature, and Stapleton had found it when he was hunting for insects. It was not so easy to fulfil his plan, as Sir Charles never went out in the evenings. He had hoped that his wife would help him by inviting the old gentleman to their house, but she refused. Threats and blows were useless and he had to think of a new plan. So he got acquainted with Mrs. Laura Lyons, whose story he knew. She thought he was not married and he made love to her and let her understand that if she could get a divorce from her husband, he would marry her. Knowing that Sir Charles was very kind, he advised Mrs. Lyons to write and ask the old man for the money necessary to get the divorce.

“At last moment Stapleton told her that he would get the money himself, and she remained at home. From her house he went to take his hound and cover its muzzle with phosphorus.

Then he brought it to the gate where Sir Charles was waiting for Mrs. Lyons. The hound jumped over the gate and ran after the old gentleman, who fled screaming down the alley. In the darkness of the evening that huge black creature with its flaming eyes and mouth was a terrible sight. At the end of the 46

alley Sir Charles fell dead with terror. Stapleton immediately called away the hound and brought it back to the island in the mire. Nobody had seen him and only Dr. Mortimer noticed the prints that the hound had left on the path.

“So the first half of Stapleton’s task was accomplished and nobody suspected him. It is possible that at first he did not know that Sir Charles had an heir in Canada, but Dr. Mortimer, who had become his friend, told him about the arrival of Sir Henry. Stapleton immediately made a new plan. He decided to go to London and follow Sir Henry. Perhaps he thought it would be possible to get rid of him there. He took his wife with him, because since she had refused to help him in the case of Sir Charles he did not trust her any more and was afraid to leave her at Merripit House. In London, disguised with a beard, he followed Dr. Mortimer to Baker Street, then to the station and to the Northumberland Hotel. His wife had some idea of her husband’s plans, but she was afraid to write and warn Sir Henry, for if the letter fell into Stapleton’s hands her own lifе would not be safe. So, as we know, she cut out of a newspaper the words which formed the letter and sent it to Sir Henry.

“It was very important for Stapleton to get some of Sir Henry’s things so that he might be able to set the dog upon his track. So he bribed the servant of the hotel to get a boot. But the first boot which was stolen for him was a new one, and therefore useless for his purpose. He then got an old boot and returned the first. This proved to me that there was a real hound in the matter, as there was no other explanation to the fact that an old boot was stolen and a new one returned. Then, as you remember, he followed Sir Henry and Dr. Mortimer in a cab. I think that Stapleton knew me by appearance and when he saw us and understood that I had taken over the case he decided to return to Devonshire and wait for the arrival of Sir Henry there.

It was clear that there was no possibility for him to get rid of young Baskerville in Londo”.

47

“One momen”, said Watson. “You have certainly described the events correctly, but you have not explained one thing.

Where was the hound when its master was in London?”

“I have thought of that to”, said Holmes. “There can be no doubt that Stapleton had somebody who helped him. There was a servant at Merripit House. I have seen him on the path in the Grimpen Mire. No doubt he fed the hound when its master was away. This servant disappeared from the house the day after we killed the hound. I have learned that he has left the country.

Now I must tell you why I deceived everybody and went secretly to Devonshire. I wanted to watch the neighbours of Sir Henry, especially Stapleton, but I could not do so living at the Hall, because then the criminal would have been on his guard.

So I came secretly to Coombe Tracey when everybody thought I was in London. I stayed there the greater part of the time and only used the hut when it was necessary to be near the scene of action.

“The boy, Cartwright, who often helps me, came with me and was very useful, for he brought me food and clean linen when I stayed at the hut. Your reports were sent from Baker Street to the post-office of Coombe Tracey. They were a great help to me, especially the details of Stapleton’s biography, as I was able to find out who the man and the woman were. When you discovered me on the moor I had a full knowledge of the whole business, but I could prove nothing. Even the death of the convict did not help us much to prove that Stapleton was the murderer. It was necessary to catch him red-handed, and to do so we had to make poor Sir Henry walk home alone through the moor. In that way we put an end to Stapleton and his supernatural hound. As to Mrs. Stapleton it is clear that she was absolutely under his influence. At first, no doubt, she had loved him, then she feared him. Still she refused to help him in his planned murders and even warned Sir Henry of the danger.

“When Stapleton saw that Sir Henry made love to his wife he was jealous, but for the sake of his plans he had to be friendly with him. At the last moment Mrs. Stapleton turned suddenly 48

against her husband. She knew that he would use the hound to kill Sir Henry and she wanted to prevent it. Besides, she had learned about Stapleton’s visits to Laura Lyons, and a terrible scene took place. He saw that she would betray him, so he beat her, tied her to the bed and locked her in the bedroom, that she might not warn Sir Henry. I think that everything has been explained now and the case is clear to you. Let us forget about those gloomy events, and spend a pleasant evening at the theatre”.

Complete the phrases.

1. A person who knows much about insects and butterflies is…

2. A separate place which is surrounded by water is…

3. If a person wants to know everything about somebody’s style of life and his plans he…

4. If a woman can’t live together with her husband and she doesn’t love him any more she…

5. To know everything about somebody’s biography and his or her life means…

6. If a person decides to get the estate and money but somebody stands between him and his fortune, the shortest way to get everything is…

Fill in the blanks with definite or indefinite articles where required.

Stapleton was (1) … son of Rodger, (2) … youngest brother of Sir Charles. In his youth Rodger fled to South America with (3) … dark reputation. His son, whom we call Stapleton, married Beryl Garcia, one of (4) … beauties of Costa Rica. He stole (5 ) … large sum of money and was obliged to flee with his wife to (6) … North of England. There he became (7) … schoolteacher under … name of Vandeleur. But soon he had to flee from that part of England too and that time he and his wife took (8) … name of Stapleton, and as he knew much about insects and butterflies he passed for (9) … naturalist.

Are these sentences true (T) or false (F)?

1. Holmes and Watson were sitting one cold evening by a bright fire in their room in Baker Street.

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2. In the afternoon they had seen Sir Henry and Dr. Mortimer, who were in London.

3. Stapleton became a schoolteacher under the name of Vandeleur in the South of England.

4. In London he bought the largest and strongest dark hound he could find.

5. The island in the middle of the Grimpen Mire was a very good hiding Test 17. Oscar Wilde’s Literary Career and His Work “The Picture of Dorian Gray” Oscar Wilde was born in Dublin, in the family of a famous surgeon and poetess. Oscar Wilde had every opportunity to develop his abilities. His education began at Portora Royal School from which he obtained a scholarship to Trinity College, Dublin, where he won the Berkeley Gold Medal for Greek. Then he studied at Oxford, where he came under the influence of John Ruskin, who thought life without art to be futile and senseless. Ruskin was of an opinion that art’s aim was to educate people, to serve humanity. Oscar Wilde, however, was greatly influenced by the theory of “Art for art’s sake” that was popular at that time. He thought that every human being had a right to avoid hardships in the search of pleasure. Oscar Wilde refused to admit the fact that art reflects reality trying to prove that it’s the human mind and imagination that gives birth to real beauty. He considered art to be able to exist, develop independently without reflecting reality.

“The artist is the creator of beautiful things”, he writes in the Preface of “The Picture of Dorian Gray”, “and all art is quite useless”.

In 1881 Oscar Wilde visited America where he lectured on art and in the same year he published his first book of poems.

In I884 he married Constance Mary, daughter of a distinguished Irish barrister. Oscar was romantically in love 50

with his beautiful young wife and for some years he was ideally happy. He had 2 sons by his wife, born in 1885 and 1886.

In 1888 his famous tales appeared, the latter being followed by “The Picture of Dorian Gray”, some theoretical essays on aesthetics and a number of comedies: “Lady Windermere’s Fan”, “A Woman of No Importance”, “An Ideal Husband”’, “The Importance of Being Earnest” etc.

These works made Oscar Wilde famous both at home and abroad. He wasn’t satisfied with the fame of the writer though and tried to make his own life and personality a masterpiece of art. He took to dressing himself in strange shocking styles, fell into habit of using witty as well as biting paradoxes that scandalized English high society. Such eccentricity made him forget the laws of morality. He was accused of perversion and a suit was brought against him. In 1895 Oscar Wilde was sentenced to two year’s imprisonment. The scandalous lawsuit and the two years of imprisonment made it impossible for the great writer to stay in England. He spent the last three years of his life in Paris under the pseudonym of Sebastian Melmont.

Oscar Wilde’s body remains now lie in the French National Cemetery of Pere Lachaise.

Choose the correct item.

1. Oscar Wilde was born in a) Dublin in 1856; b) England in 1856; c) Scotland in 1854; 2. At Oxford where he studied he came a) to John Ruskin; b) under the influence of John Ruskin; c) to write his famous works; 3. He thought a) that only some persons had a right to avoid hardships in the search of pleasure; b) of a better life; c) that every human being had a right to avoid hardships in the search of pleasure; 4. What country did he visit in 1881? a) England; b) Scotland; 51

c) America; 5. Some works made Oscar Wilde famous a) only in his country; b) both at home and abroad; c) only abroad; 6. Was he satisfied with the fame of the writer? a) he was satisfied with the fame of writer; b) he wasn’t satisfied with his fame; c) he wasn’t satisfied with the fame of the writer and tried to make his own life and personality a masterpiece of art; 7. … of imprisonment made it impossible for the great writer to stay in England. a) The two years b) The four years c) one year Read your extracts and do some tasks after it.

The extract 1 It was a lovely night, so warm that he threw his coat over his arm and did not even put his silk scarf round his throat. As he strolled home, smoking his cigarette, two young men in evening dress passed him. He heard one of them whisper to the other, “That is Dorian Gray”. He remembered how pleased he used to be when he was pointed out, or stared at, or talked about. He was tired of hearing his own name now. Half the charm of the little village where he had been so often lately was that no one knew who he was. He had often told the girl whom he had lured to love him that he was poor, and she had believed him. He had told her once that he was wicked, and she had laughed at him, and answered that wicked people were always very old and very ugly. What a laugh she had! — just like a thrush singing. And how pretty she had been in her cotton dress and her large hats! She knew nothing, but she had everything that he had lost.

When he reached home, he found his servant waiting up for him. He sent him to bed, and threw himself down on the sofa in the library, and began to think over some of the things that Lord Henry had said to him. Was it really true that one could never change? He felt a wild longing for the unstained purity of 52

his boyhood — his rose-white boyhood, as Lord Henry had once called it. He knew that he had tarnished himself, filled his mind with corruption, and given horror to his fancy; that he had been an evil influence to others, and had experienced a terrible joy in being so; and that, of the lives that had crossed his own, it had been the fairest and the most full of promise that he had brought to shame. But was it all irretrievable? Was there no hope for him?

Ah! in what a monstrous moment of pride and passion he had prayed that the portrait should bear the burden of his days, and he keep the unsullied splendour of eternal youth! All his failure had been due to that. Better for him that each sin of his life had brought its sure, swift penalty along with it. There was purification in punishment. Not “Forgive us our sins”, but “Smite us for our iniquities”, should be the prayer of a man to a most just God. The extract 2 The curiously carved mirror that Lord Henry had given to him, so many years ago now, was standing on the table, and the white-limbed Cupids laughed round it as of old. He took it up, as he had done on that night of horror, when he had first noted the change in the fatal picture, and with wild, tear-dimmed eyes looked into its polished shield. Once, someone who had terribly loved him had written to him a mad letter, ending with these idolatrous words: The world is changed because you are made of ivory and gold. The curves of your lips rewrite history”. The phrases came back to his memory, and he repeated them over and over to himself. Then he loathed his own beauty, and, flinging the mirror on the floor, crushed it into silver splinters beneath his heel. It was his beauty that had ruined him, his beauty and the youth that he had prayed for. But for those two things, his life might have been free from stain. His beauty had been to him but a mask, his youth but a mockery. What was youth at best? A green, an unripe time, a time of shallow moods 53

and sickly thoughts. Why had he worn its livery? Youth had spoiled him.

It was better not to think of the past. Nothing could alter that.

It was of himself, and of his own future, that he had to think.

James Vane was hidden in a nameless grave in Selby Churchyard. Alan Campbell had shot himself one night in his laboratory, but had not revealed the secret that he had been forced to know. The excitement, such as it was, over Basil Hallward’s disappearance would soon pass away. It was already waning. He was perfectly safe there. Nor, indeed, was it the death of Basil Hallward that weighed most upon his mind.

It was the living death of his own soul that troubled him. Basil had painted the portrait that had marred his life. He could not forgive him that. It was the portrait that had done everything.

Basil had said things to him that were unbearable, and that he had yet borne with patience. The murder had been simply the madness of a moment. As for Alan Campbell, his suicide had been his own act. He had chosen to do it. It was nothing to him.

A new life! That was what he wanted. That was what he was waiting for. Surely he had begun it already. He had spared one innocent thing, at any rate. He would never again tempt innocence. He would be good.

Try to find English equivalents of the following in the text.

The extract 1 1) На нього звертали уваги; 2) він зганьбив себе; 3) незаплямований блиск вічної молодості; 4) покарай нас за нашу несправедливість.

The extract 2 1) Зміна у фатальній картині; 2) він відчув відразу до своєї власної краси; 3) молодість, за яку він молився; 4) ці обожнювальні слова.

Jumbled sentences . Put the words in the correct order .

The extract 1.

1. hearing / tired / name / of / his / He / now / was / own.

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2. that / nothing / had / She / had / lost / knew / she / he / but / everything.

3. purification / There / in / was / punishment.

The extract 2 1. perfectly / there / He / safe / was.

2. have / those / been / But / stain / things / free / two / might / from / his / for / life.

3. that / everything / It / portrait / had / the / done / was.

Test 18. John Galsworthy’s Literature Heritage. “The Forsyte Saga” THE MAN OF PROPERTY Bosinney, a talented architect, was invited by Soames Forsyte to build a house for him near London. He meets Soames’ wife, Irene, and they fall in love.

Soames considers Irene his property, just as he considers his house or his pictures to be his property. Young Jolyon is also a member of the Forsyte family; but he is not a true Forsyte because of some liberal ideas he has. His sense of property is not so strong as that of a real Forsyte like Soames. He also paints a little. As he himself says, he stands between Soames — the typical bourgeois, the man of property — and Bosinney — the artist, who has almost no sense of property at all. Young Jolyon meets Bosinney at the Club and tries to warn him that Soames will never free his wife, and that because he is rich and has a position in society, Soames is a dangerous enemy.

Bosinney looked tired. Something in his face touched young Jolyon. He knew what suffering was like, and this man was suffering. Jolyon got up and touched his arm. Bosinney was not embarrassed to see Jolyon. Young Jolyon sat down.

“I haven’t seen you for a long time”, he said.

“How are you getting on with my cousin’s house?”

“It’ll be finished in about a week”.

“I congratulate you!”

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“Thanks — I don’t think that it’s a subject for congratulation”.

“No?” asked young Jolyon. “I thought you would be glad to get a long job off your hands; but I think you feel the same as I do when I part with a picture — a kind of child!”

“Yes”, said Bosinney. “It goes out from you and there’s an end of it. I didn’t know you painted”.

“Only water-colours; I can’t say I believe in my work”.

“Don’t believe in it? Then how can you do it? Work’s no use, if you don’t believe in it!”

“Good”, said young Jolyon; “it’s what I’ve always said. If you ask me how I do it, I answer, because I am a Forsyte”.

“A Forsyte! You can see many people of this kind”, continued young Jolyon. “There are hundreds among the members of this Club. Hundreds in the street; you meet them everywhere you go!”

“And how do you know them, may I ask?” said Bosinney.

“By their sense of property. A Forsyte takes a practical view of things, and a practical view of things is founded on a sense of property. A Forsyte never gives himself away”, “Joking?”

Young Jolyon smiled.

“Not much. As a Forsyte myself, I have no right to talk. But I am not a true Forsyte. You’re as different from me as I am from my uncle James, who is a perfect Forsyte. His sense of property is very strong, while you have almost none. What I call a ‘Forsyte’ is a man who keeps his property — whether it is a wife, a house, money, or reputation. Forsytes do not believe in literature, science, even religion, but make use of them”.

“I don’t know whether I understand you”, said Bosinney, “but I think there are many Forsytes, as you call them, in my profession”.

“Certainly”, said young Jolyon. “Many architects, painters, or writers have no principles like any other Forsytes. Threefourths of our Royal Academicians are Forsytes, seven-eighths of our novelists, and many of them in the press. But most of 56

them are in the House of Commons. It’s dangerous to go against the majority. It’s dangerous to let anything carry you away — a house, a picture, a — woman!”

They looked at each other and were silent. Bosinney broke the silence.

“Why do you take your people as the type?” said he.

“My people have those two qualities which are the real tests of a Forsyte — they never let anything carry them away and they have the sense of property. Bosinney sat silent for a moment.

“Well”, he said, “that is very like your cousin Soames”.

“Yes”, said young Jolyon. “That’s why he is dangerous. Be on guard against the Forsytes. It’s dangerous to go against a Forsyte”.

“Yet you’ve done it yourself!”

Young Jolyon lost his smile.

“You forget”, he said, “I can stand it, too, I’m a Forsyte myself. I don’t”, he ended in a low voice, “recommend every man to — go — my — way”.

Bosinney got red in the face. He gave a short laugh, and looked at young Jolyon.

“Thanks”, he said. “It’s very kind of you. But you’re not the only man that can stand it”. He rose.

Young Jolyon looked after him as he walked away.

Choose the correct letter a, b or c.

1. Bosinney, a talented architect, was invited by Soames Forsyte… a) to have a rest with him near London; b) to build a house for him near London; c) to build a house for him in London.

2. Young Jolyon is also a member of the Forsyte family, but… a) he is a true Forsyte; b) he was not a true Forsyte; c) he is not a true Forsyte.

3. … takes a practical view of things. a) Forsyte 57

b) Forsyte doesn’t take a practical view of things; c) Jolyon 4. Where can you see Forsytes? a) Only in the club; b) You can meet them everywhere you go; c) Only in the streets.

5. Do Forsytes believe in literature, science, religion? a) They do not believe, but make use of them; b) They believe in literature, science and religion; c) They do not believe and they do not make use of them.

6. a) They looked at each other and were not silent; b) They looked at each other and were silent; c) They didn’t look at each other but they were silent.

7. Young Jolyon said about Forsyte that… a) it wasn’t dangerous to go against a Forsyte; b) he was dangerous; c) it was dangerous to go against a Forsyte.

Translate the sentences from Ukrainian into English using the words from the text.

1. Його почуття власності не таке сильне, як у того справжнього Форсайта.

2. Я не думаю, що це привід для привітання.

3. Це небезпечно: йти проти більшості.

4. Його почуття власності — дуже сильне, у той час як у тебе воно відсутнє взагалі.

5. Остерігайся Форсайтів.

6. Він знав, що таке страждання, і цей чоловік страждав.

Test 19. Rudyard Kipling and His Famous Work “Jungle Book” Read the text and be ready to do some tasks.

RUDYARD KIPLING (1865–1936) He was born in Bombay. His parents were English. His father, John Lockwood Kipling, was a professor of architectural 58

sculpture, a painter, and an illustrator. He taught at a school of art before becoming Director of the Lahore museum.

As a child Rudyard was quick to learn. He spent his early childhood in Lahore. The boy was the idol of the Hindoo servants. Hindoo was the first language he spoke. His Hindoo nurse told him a lot of the picturesque tales and songs of Indian folklore. Kipling loved India and its inhabitants. His respect for the country and for the peoples of Asia remained with him throughout his life and coloured much of his writing. Still he never forgot that he was an Englishman.

At six young Kipling was taken to England and educated at an English College in North Devon. He was not brilliant in mathematics, but in history he ranked well. When he went back to India in 1883, he took with him the gold medal of the college for a prize essay on history. All his life Kipling was admired by the people he came in touch with. He was respected for his generosity, his sense of humour and his pleasant ways. He was said to be extremely modest. Returning to India, Kipling engaged in journalism. At seventeen he became sub-editor of the Lahore Civil and Military Gazette. At twenty-one he published his first small book of verse, Departmental Ditties. A year later he attracted public attention as a story-teller with Plain Tales from the Hills. Before he was twenty-four he had brought out six small collections of stories which showed his mastery in the form.

Kipling’s talent was quickly recognized in India.

Between 1887 and 1899 Kipling travelled around the world.

He visited China, Japan and lived for a few years in America, where he married an American, Caroline Starr Balestier.

During this period Kipling wrote several of his most popular works, which took the reading public by storm. These were his stories for children, which became classics, The Jungle Book (1894–1895), Captains Courageous (1897) and Just So Stories (1902).

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At the end of his life Kipling came to hate war, which formerly he had thought to be inevitable. His hatred of war is evident in such works as Mary Postgate and Gardener.

The last decade of the 19th century was Kipling’s most mature period.

Kipling returned to England from America and buried himself in a little Sussex village. He had lost a daughter. The death of his son during World War I embittered and almost silenced him. One of his best poems If was dedicated to his son.

In 1936 Kipling was at work on a collection of autobiographical notes when he died on January 17, a few weeks after his seventieth birthday. A year after his death here appeared Something of Myself, a collection of autobiographical notes containing memoirs, and that “something” about himself which Kipling was willing to disclose.

Rudyard Kipling was one of those rare writers who are equally at home in prose and in verse. His most attractive qualities as a poet are his excellent rhymes and the music of his verse. The charm of his stories lies in the exciting plots and the variety of characters.

In 1907 he received the Nobel Prize for literature. He was the first writer and the first Englishman to whom this prize was awarded.

Decide if the sentences true or false. If the sentence is false, correct it.

1. He was born in England.

2. He taught at a school of art before coming Director of the Lahore Museum.

3. Kipling loved India and its inhabitants.

4. At seven he was taken to England.

5. At twenty-one he published his first book of verse.

6. Kipling’s talent was quickly recognized in England.

7. In 1908 he received the Nobel Prize for Literature.

Choose the right variant.

1. What was his father? a) an English writer; b) a famous painter; 60

c) a professor of architectural sculpture, a painter and an illustrator.

2. When was he born? a) in 1865; b) in 1965; c) in 1864.

3. Did Kipling love India and its inhabitants? a) Yes, he does; b) Yes, he did; c) No, he didn’t.

4. Where was he taken at six? a) to America; b) to England; c) to Bombay.

5. Was he brilliant in mathematics? a) he was brilliant in mathematics; b) he was not brilliant in mathematics; c) he was brilliant in history.

6. What did he receive the Nobel Prize for? a) for mathematics; b) for history; c) for literature.

Test 20. George Bernard Shaw and His “Pygmalion” Read a general summary of the story and do some tasks .

PYGMALION A poor flower-seller from the slums of London hears a conversation of two phoneticians in a crowd sheltering from a rain storm after the opera. One of them has demonstrated his skill in identifying local dialects and boasts of his ability to teach people of lower class origin to talk like ladies and gentlemen. The flower-girl, Eliza Doolittle, decides to buy herself some lessons, and she turns up at Professor Higgins’s house next day to make the necessary arrangements. Higgins is with Colonel Pickering, the friend he met the previous night, and the two bet on his chances of so transforming Eliza’s speech in 6 months that she can pass for a duchess at an ambassador’s garden party. Higgins and Pickering are both 61

bachelors and the housekeeper, Mrs. Pearce, has misgivings about the irresponsible way in which they are proposing to amuse themselves without thinking out the consequences for Eliza. Then, when Eliza’s father, Alfred Doolittle, arrives to protest at the immorality of their abduction of his daughter. But it soon becomes evident that he has no real objection, he wants to gain something for himself from the situation. They easily buy him off and he is happy to leave her in their hands. The transformation of Eliza starts with cleaning her up and dressing her nicely. Speech lessons follow and she proves to be a quick, intelligent, hard-working pupil.

Higgins organises her first public test by having her attend his mother’s “At Home”. Among the visitors are a widow, her son Freddy and her daughter Clara. Freddy falls in love with Eliza. Clara accepts her as a young woman of high fashion. The clash between Eliza’s new manner and her view of life teaches Higgins the lesson that he cannot create a lady without paying attention to her mind and soul.

Higgins wins his bet with Colonel Pickering: at the end of 6 months, the two of them take Eliza into high society, where she is universally admired. Higgins takes all the credit to himself, and even Pickering sees Eliza’s triumph as a reflection of Higgins’s professional skill. This angers Eliza, who sees that her own efforts are undervalued and that Higgins does not regard her as a human being with real feelings, but a doll that it has amused him to pass off as a living woman. He seems scarcely, aware of her presence. Provoked, she ceases to be the obedient pupil and rebelliously asserts her independence. By leaving the house of Higgins, Eliza forces him to realize how much he has come to rely on her. He traces her to his mother’s apartment, where she has taken refuge and tries to persuade her to come back.

Eliza recognizes that she has the alternative of marrying Freddy. Higgins wants her back but, being a confirmed bachelor, makes no offer of marriage to her. Eliza herself is determined that she will never again go back to being 62

subservient to him. The play has a teasingly inconclusive end: Eliza goes off with Mrs. Higgins to church to see Alfred Doolittle properly married. Higgins stays behind, obviously confident that Eliza will come back as before.

Give English equivalents for the following expressions and find them in the text.

1. Він пишається своїм вмінням вчити людей.

2. Тато Елізи хоче отримати користь для себе.

3. Вони легко відкупляються від нього.

4. Вона прагне зберегти свою незалежність.

5. Вона ніколи не повернеться назад, щоб бути залежною від нього.

6. Хіггінс залишається позаду, впевнений…

Fill in the gaps with the right variant.

1) d_lect a) au b) ea c) ia d) ai 2) b_st a) ou b) au c) oa d) ao 3) ob_ction a) ia b) ja c) ie d) je 4) s_l a) ou b) au c) ou d) oe 5) soc_ty a) ae b) ie c) ei d) ai 6) tr_mph a) ae b) iu c) iy d) ay Put the sentences in chronological order. a) Higgins organizes her first public test by having her attend his mother’s “At Home”. b) This poor girl decides to buy herself some lessons.

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c) Higgins stays behind and hopes that Eliza will come back as before. d) A poor flower-seller hears a conversation of two phoneticians. e) Eliza leaves the house of Higgins. f) Speech lessons follow and she proves to be a quick, intelligent, hard-working pupil. g) Higgins wins his bet with Colonel Pickering.

Test 21. Herbert George Wells and His “The Invisible Man” Read the text and do the tasks Dr. Kemp had continued writing until the shots aroused him.

Crack, crack, crack, they came one after the other.

“Hullo!” said Dr. Kemp. “Who’s shooting in Burdock?”

He rose and went to the window. He saw a lot of people by “The Cricketers”. Then he returned to his writing-desk.

About an hour later the door-bell rang. It aroused him again.

He sat listening. He heard the servant answer the door. He waited for her, but she didn’t come, “I wonder what that was?” said Dr. Kemp.

He tried to work, but he could not. He got up, went to the landing and rang the bell. The servant appeared in the hall downstairs. “Was that a letter?” he asked.

“There was nobody at the door, sir”, said the servant.

“I’m restless to-night”, he said to himself. He went back to his study and began to work resolutely. But he could not work well that night. His restlessness was surprising. He looked at the window, but then he remembered his resolution and began to write again.

Dr. Kemp finished his work at two o’clock. He rose and went upstairs to bed. He took off his coat. Then he noticed that he wanted a drink. He took a candle and went down to find whisky 64

and soda. He crossed the hall and found whisky and soda in the kitchen.

Dr. Kemp was a scientist, so he was an observant man. As he re crossed the hall, he noticed a dark spot on the floor. He went upstairs, and then he asked himself what the spot on the floor might be. He turned, went back to the hall, crossed it and touched the spot. It felt like drying blood.

He returned upstairs looking about him. On the landing he saw something and stopped astonished. The door-handle of his room was blood-stained.

He looked at his hand. It was quite clean. Then he remembered that the door of his room had been open when he came down from his study. So he had not touched the handle at all. Yet it was blооd stained. He touched the handle. There was blood on it. He entered his room resolutely. Suddenly he started. His bed was blood-stained too, and the sheet has been torn. He stood staring at the torn sheets. Then suddenly he had an impression that he heard а low voice say, “Lord! — Kemp!”

But Dr. Kemp did not believe in voices.

He looked at the torn sheets again. Was that a voice? He looked about, but he could see only the blood-stained bed and the torn sheets. Then he distinctly heard a movement across the room. Suddenly, with a start, he saw a blood-stained bandage hanging in the air.

He stared at this in amazement. The bandage still hung in the air.He was going to touch it, but a voice spoke quite near him.

“Kemp!” said the Voice.

“Eh?” said Kemp with his mouth open.

“Keep stead”, said the Voice. “I’m an Invisible Man”.

Kemp made no answer. He simply stared at the bandage hanging in the air. “Invisible Man?” he said.

“I am an Invisible Man”, repeated the Voice.

Kemp was not even frightened at the moment.

“I thought it was all a li”, he said. “Have you a bandage on?”

“Ye”, said the Invisible Man. 65

“O”, said Kemp, and then roused himself. “I say!” he said.

“But this is nonsens”.

He put his hand forward and met invisible fingers. He grew white.

Order the sentences below. a) On the landing he saw something and stopped astonished. b) He looked at the window, but then he remembered his resolution and began to write again. c) Then he distinctly heard a movement across the room. d) He tried to work, but he could not. e) He crossed the hall and found whisky and soda in the kitchen. f) He put his hand forward and met invisible fingers. g) His bed was blood-stained too, and the sheet has been torn.

Fill in the gaps with one of the words given in the box below. himself; room; upstairs; observant; blood; spot; astonished; touched Dr. Kemp was a scientist, so he was an (1) … man. As he recrossed the hall, he noticed a dark (2) … on the floor. He went upstairs, and then he asked (3) … what the spot on the floor might be. He turned, went back to the hall, crossed it and 4)… the spot. It felt like drying (5) … .

He returned (6) … looking about him. On the landing he saw something and stopped (7) … . The door-handle of his (8) … was blood-stained.

Complete the sentences.

1. He rose and…

2. He waited for the servant,…

3. Dr. Kemp finished his work…

4. He stood staring at the…

5. The bandage still…

6. He was going to touch it,…

7. Kemp was not even…

Who said these words in the story?

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1. “There was nobody at the door, sir”.

2. “Keep steady”.

3. “I’m restless to-night?”

4. “But this is nonsense”.

5. “Was that a letter?”

Underline the odd one out.

1) appeared, went back, noticed, upstairs, entered.

2) people, the servant, a man, Dr. Kemp, the handle.

3) observant, quite, amazement, blood-stained, invisible.

4) went back to, in the hall, at the window, in the kitchen, across the room.

Test 22. The Famous Writers of the Realistic Period in English Literature.

I. Choose the correct letter a, b, c or d.

1. … was born in Edinburgh, November 13, 1850 a) Robert Louis Stevenson b) Oscar Wilde c) John Galsworthy d) Arthur Conan Doyle 2. Arthur Conan Doyle was born… a) in London; b) in the capital of Scotland, Edinburgh; c) in a well-to-do family; d) in Dublin.

3. The talent of story-telling Arthur inherited from his… a) parents; b) nurse; c) governess; d) mother.

4. In 1881 Oscar Wilde visited … where he lectured on art. a) America; b) England; c) Russia; d) Australia.

5. … is considered to be a masterpiece of English literature. a) “An Ideal Husband” b) “The Picture of Dorian Gray” c) “A Woman of No Importance” 67

d) “The Importance of Being Earnest” 6. John Galsworthy was taught at home by… a) some teachers English and Latin until he was 9 years old; b) some nurses; c) some governesses English and foreign languages until he was 9 years old; d) some governesses English and foreign languages until he was 14 years old.

7. J. Galsworthy named … among his teachers, when he spoke of the beginning of his literary career. a) Turgenev, Pushkin and Tolstoy; b) Chekhov, Pushkin and Byron; c) Turgenev, Chekhov and Tolstoy; d) Shakespeare, Swift and Pushkin.

8. Kipling’s father was… a) a professor of architectural sculpture, a painter and an illustrator; b) a writer and a painter; c) a famous surgeon; d) an artist and an architect.

9. a) Hindoo was the second language Kipling spoke. b) Hindoo wasn’t the first language he spoke; c) English was the first language he spoke; d) Hindoo was the first language he spoke.

10. G. Shaw was the founder… a) of the English historical novel; b) of the social realistic drama in English literature; c) of the English fantastic novel; d) of the social realistic drama in American literature.

11. He wrote articles and poems, essays and novels but… a) only poems were published; b) all his works were published; c) only articles and essays were published; d) very little of it was published.

12. Herbert Wells was born… a) at Bromley in Kent in 1866; b) in London in 1866; 68

c) in Edinburgh in 1854; d) in Dublin in 1872.

II 1. Which sentences do not fit the text about Periods of English Literature? a) Old English Period lasts from 482 till 1100. b) Renaissance Period lasts from 1100 till 1485. c) Romantic Period lasts from 1798 till 1870. d) Modern Period lasts from 1870 till 1914.

2. The Realistic Period in English Literature. a) Men of science were invited to speak in public halls. b) Many of these scientists spread their demagogic ideas among the people. c) But during the last decades of the 20th century doubts began to arise. d) The spirit of the time lasted till the First World War of 1916–1918 3. The Realistic Period lasts… a) from 1485 till 1660; b) from 1870 till 1914; c) from 1914 till 1965; d) from 1100 till 1485.

4. The Representatives of the Realistic Period are… a) R. Stevenson, H. Wells and O. Wilde. b) B. Shaw, Ch. Bronte and W. Shakespeare. c) G. Shaw, C. Doyle and J. Galsworthy. d) G. Wells, G. Shaw and Ch. Dickens.

5. Robert Louis Stevenson a) R. Stevenson lived and worked in the Realistic Period. b) He was born in the family of a famous surgeon. c) He began to write his famous story “Jungle Books” in Scotland in 1881. d) He loved to read and wander about the country.

6. Arthur Conan Doyle. a) His father was an artist and architect by profession. b) Sherlock Holmes and Dr. Watson became the most popular characters of a great many of Conan Doyle’s stories. c) In 1901–1902 one of Conan Doyle’s best stories “The Forsyte Saga” was published.

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d) All his life he liked tennis, football and he went in for boxing.

7. Oscar Wilde. a) He began his education at Portora Royal School. b) Then he studied at Cambridge, where he came under the influence of John Ruskin. c) In 1881 Oscar Wilde visited America. d) Some of his works made Oscar Wilde famous only abroad.

8. John Galsworthy. a) John was born in a poor family. b) At the age of 11 John was sent to Harrow School. c) His father was a well-known lawyer in London. d) He visited Russia in 1891.

9. Rudyard Kipling. a) His parents were American. b) At twenty-one he published his first small book of verse. c) Kipling’s talent was quickly recognized in England. d) In 1907 he received the Nobel Prize for literature.

10. George Bernard Shaw. a) B. Shaw was born in Dublin in a poor middle-class family. b) His aunt gave him some lessons in Latin. c) He wrote articles and poems, essays and novels. d) Bernard Shaw is one of the greatest satirists of the 19-th century 11. Herbert George Wells. a) He was born at Bromley in Kent in 1864. b) He had studied and taught biology. c) He considered that interests in external things were one of the chief causes of happiness. d) His second “real” books show the rare gift of scientific imagination.

12. … was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature. a) J. Galsworhty b) H. Wells c) R. Stevenson d) B. Shaw

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Test 23. The Modernist Period in English Literature.

William Somerset Maugham The Modern period of literature was a time of turbulence and also a time that produced many great works in both poetry and prose. Many authors of the time felt that no institution could be trusted —not church, family, or government — and this attitude was reflected in the works of the time.

Between 1914 and 1965, modernist gained a powerful ascendancy. England in the twentieth century watched its political and military supremacy gradually dissipate. World War I created severe economic problems for Britain and shook its position as a world power. Britain lost some of its markets.

In 1931 Britain granted independence within the empire to Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the Irish Tree State, Newfoundland and South Africa. They became the first members of the Commonwealth of Nations, an association of countries and dependencies that succeeded the empire. After World War II, Britain could no longer keep control of its colonies. Many British possessions became independent nations. Most of them have stayed in the Commonwealth.

Throughout history, Britain had preferred to stay out of European affairs. In the 1950s, it even refused to join the European Economic Community (EEC), but later Britain regretted its refusal to join the EEC. In years after World War II, Great Britain foreign policy was closely connected with that of the United States.

English writers during these unhappy years turned inward for their subject matter and expressed bitter and despairing cynicism.

No matter the style of subject matter, one thing remained true throughout this time period: the overthrow of the traditional for the new. They questioned the past and reflected these questions in their writing. The modernist period was a time where both the past and the future were uncertain.

Fill in the correct word from the list below: 71

Became, ascendancy, expressed, created, European affairs, keep control.

1. Between 1914 and 1965, modernist gained a powerful…

2. World War I … severe economic problems for Britain and shook its position as a world power.

3. After World War II, Britain could no longer … of its colonies.

4. Many British possessions … independent nations.

5. Throughout history, Britain had preferred to stay out of…

6. English writers … bitter and despairing cynicism.

The problem of creation is clearly expressed in “The Moon and Sixpence” which has rather an unusual plot.

Charles Strickland, a London stockbroker in middle life, suddenly abandons his business career, his wife and devotes himself to painting. After years of struggle in Paris he sets out for Tahiti where he covers with astounding pictures the walls of the hut which he shares with a devoted Polynesian woman.

Strickland dies of leprosy and his companion destroys his work.

Only on the discovery of the canvases Strickland had carelessly tossed aside during the years of unrewarded work, does the world of art realize that it has lost genius.

Writing his novel S. Maugham had in mind the story of the famous French painter Paul Gauguin’s exotic life in the South Seas. Paul Gauguin was an innovator and rebel who wanted to do away with the conventionalism of life of bourgeoisie.

Strickland, however, is possessed by an irresistible desire to express himself in painting. He does not seem quite sane. He is living in dream and the reality means nothing to him. He does not care for the opinion of people. “How can you care for the opinion of the crowd when you don’t care for the opinion of the individual?”— says Strickland.

There are some really true-to-life characters of the representatives of bourgeois society in the novel. By means of Mrs. Strickland’s portrait the author expresses his negative attitude towards selfishness and narrow-mindedness. The portrait of the painter Dirk Stroeve is full of discrepancies. He 72

makes money by means of art, a true appreciation of the old masters as well as sympathy with the moderns. He is also the first to discover that Strickland has genius. By means of this trait of his the author wants to prove that real art is always bound to appeal to people.

Maugham understands, however, that bourgeois society can’t comprehend self-sacrifice in the name of art. Strickland’s life is contrasted to that of the vulgar, self-satisfied, narrow-minded Philistines. The very title of the book gives a hint of the discrepancy between real art and the petty desires of bourgeoisie. On the other hand Strickland’s life-story leads to the conclusion that art becomes futile when it doesn’t serve humanity. And for the artist who tries to conceal the poor contents of his pictures by means of colours, real art is as unattainable as the moon.

True / false sentences 1. Charles Strickland, a London stockbroker, suddenly devotes himself to painting.

2. Writing his novel S. Maugham had in mind the story of the famous French painter Paul Gauguin’s way of life in exotic place.

3. He does not care for the opinion of the people.

4. The portrait of the painter Dirk Stroeve is full of discrepancies.

5. The very title of the book gives a hint of the discrepancy between real music and the petty desires of bourgeoisie.

6. And for the artist, real art is as unattainable as the moon.

Say the antonyms of these words, find them in the story and read sentences with them. close give back, return foreigner take hate finish

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Test 24. Ford Madox Ford and His “Parade’s End” You can see the names of some English writers and the titles of their works. Match them.

Robert Stevenson Jungle Books William Shakespeare Robinson Crusoe John Galsworthy Jane Eyre Rudyard Kipling Treasure Island Oscar Wilde The Forsyte Saga Charlotte Bronte The Picture of Dorian Grey Daniel Defoe Hamlet Read the extract from “Parade’s End” and do some tasks Parade ’s End There sat Macmaster; smallish; Whig; with a trimmed, pointed black beard, such as a smallish man might wear to enhance his already germinated distinction; black hair of a stubborn fibre, drilled down with hard metal brushes; a sharp nose; strong, level teeth; a white, butterfly collar of the smoothness of porcelain; a tie confined by a gold ring, steelblue speckled with black — to match his eyes, as Tietjens knew.

Tietjens, on the other hand, could not remember what coloured tie he had on. He had taken a cab from the office to their rooms, had got himself into a loose, tailored coat and trousers, and a soft shirt, had packed quickly, but still methodically, a great number of things in an immense twohandled kit-bag, which you could throw into a guard’s van if need be. He disliked letting that “man” touch his things; he had disliked letting his wife’s maid pack for him. He even disliked letting porters carry his kit-bag. He was a Tory — and as he disliked changing his clothes, there he sat, on the journey, already in large, brown, hugely welted and nailed golf boots, leaning forward on the edge of the cushion, his legs apart, on each knee an immense white hand — and thinking vaguely.

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Macmaster, on the other hand, was leaning back, reading some small, unbound printed sheets, rather stiff, frowning a little. Tietjens knew that this was, for Macmaster, an impressive moment. He was correcting the proofs of his first book.

To this affair, as Tietjens knew, there attached themselves many fine shades. If, for instance, you had asked Macmaster whether he were a writer, he would have replied with the merest suggestion of a deprecatory shrug.

“No, dear lady!” for of course no man would ask the question of anyone so obviously a man of the world. And he would continue with a smile: “Nothing so fine! A mere trifler at odd moments. A critic, perhaps. Yes! A little of a critic”.

Nevertheless Macmaster moved in drawing-rooms that, with long curtains, blue china plates, large-patterned wallpapers and large, quiet mirrors, sheltered the long-haired of the Arts. And, as near as possible to the dear ladies who gave the At Homes, Macmaster could keep up the talk — a little magisterially. He liked to be listened to with respect when he spoke of Botticelli, Rossetti, and those early Italian artists whom he called “The Primitives”. Tietjens had seen him there. And he didn’t disapprove.

For, if they weren’t, these gatherings, Society, they formed a stage on the long and careful road to a career in a first-class Government office. And, utterly careless as Tietjens imagined himself of careers or offices, he was, if sardonically, quite sympathetic towards his friend’s ambitiousness. It was an odd friendship, but the oddness of friendships are a frequent guarantee of their lasting texture.

The youngest son of a Yorkshire country gentleman, Tietjens himself was entitled to the best — the best that first-class public offices and first-class people could afford. He was without ambition, but these things would come to him as they do in England. So he could afford to be negligent of his attire, of the company he kept, of the opinions he uttered. He had a little private income under his mother’s settlement; a little income from the Imperial Department of Statistics; he had 75

married the woman of means, and he was, in the Tory manner, sufficiently a master of flouts and jeers to be listened to when he spoke. He was twenty-six; but, very big, in a fair, untidy, Yorkshire way, he carried more weight than his age warranted.

His chief, Sir Reginald Ingleby, when Tietjens chose to talk of public tendencies which influenced statistics, would listen with attention. Sometimes Sir Reginald would say: “You’re a perfect encyclopedia of exact material knowledge, Tietjens”, and Tietjens thought that that was his due, and he would accept the tribute in silence.

At a word from Sir Reginald, Macmaster, on the other hand, would murmur: “You’re very good, Sir Reginald!” and Tietjens thought that perfectly proper.

Macmaster was a little the senior in the service as he was probably a little senior in age. For, as to his room-mate’s years, or as to his exact origins, there was a certain blank in Tietjens’ knowledge. Macmaster was obviously Scotch by birth, and you accepted him as what was called a son of the manse. No doubt he was really the son of a grocer in Cupar or a railway porter in Edinburgh. It does not matter with the Scotch, and as he was very properly reticent as to his ancestry, having accepted him, you didn’t, even mentally, make any enquiries.

For questions 1–7, read the text below and decide which answers (a, b, c or d) best fits each space.

Nevertheless Macmaster (1) … in drawing-rooms that, with long curtains, blue china plates, large-patterned wallpapers and large, quiet mirrors, sheltered the long-haired of the Arts. And, as (2) … as possible to the dear ladies who gave the At Homes, Macmaster could (3) … the talk — a little magisterially. He liked to be listened to with (4) … when he spoke of Botticelli, Rossetti, and those early Italian artists whom he called “The Primitives”. Tietjens (5) … him there. And he didn’t (6) … .

For, if they weren’t, these gatherings, Society, they (7) … a stage on the long and careful road to a career in a first-class Government office.

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1. A came B went C moved D arrived 2. A next B near C close to D nearby 3. A uphold B keep up C maintain D support 4. A smile B attention C mood D respect 5. A met B saw C had seen D noticed 6. Adisapprove B agree C consent D admit 7. A organized B constituted C cultivated D formed Put the statements in the correct order.

1. Tietjens knew that this was, for Macmaster, an impressive moment.

2. Macmaster was a little the senior in the service as he was probably a little the senior in age.

3. Macmaster liked to be listened to with respect when he spoke of Botticelli, Rossetti.

4. There sat Macmaster.

5. Tietjens had a little private income under his mother’s settlement.

6. Tietjens even disliked letting posters carry his kit-bag.

7. No doubt he was really the son of a grocer in Cupar or a railway porter in Edinburgh.

Give Ukrainian equivalents of the following: 1) tailored coat and trousers; 2) an immense kit-bag; 3) unbound printed sheets; 4) to be negligent of his attire; 5) trimmed, pointed black beard.

Pick out words from the text that have negative prefixes.

Test 25. Aldous Huxley Life And His Creations. “Crome Yellow” Choose the correct answer from those offered: 1. Aldous Huxley was born… a) in America, in 1935; b) Godalming, Surrey, UK in 1894; 77

c) in Glasgow, in 1894; d) Godalming, Surrey, UK in 1874.

2. He began his learning… a) in a school named Hillside; b) at home; c) at Eton College; d) in his father’s well-equipped botanical laboratory.

3. a) He taught Latin for a year at Eton; b) He taught French for a year at Eton; c) He taught French for a year at home; d) He taught French for a year at Balliol College.

4. He graduated Balliol College, Oxford… a) in 1916; b) in 1913; c) in 1921; d) in 1915.

5. Huxley began writing seriously… a) in his early thirties; b) in his late twenties; c) in his early twenties; d) in his mid twenties.

6. He married Maria Nys… a) in 1919 b) in 1918 c) in 1920 d) in 1915 7. Huxley became a close friend of… a) Madame Curie; b) F. Matthias Alexander; c) Anita Loos; d) Remsen Bird.

8. Beginning in 1939 and continuing until his death in 1963, a) Huxley worked at the technologically-advanced Brunner and Mond chemical plant in Billingham, Teeside; b) Huxley had an extensive association with the Vedanta Society of Southern California; c) he lived with his wife Maria and his son Matthew in California; d) He spent much time at the college, which is in the Eagle Rock neighborhood of Los Angeles 78

Fill in the gaps with the correct prepositions.

Why was he born (1) … a different face? Why WAS he?

Gombauld had a face (2) … brass-one (3) … those old, brazen rams that thumped (4) … the walls of cities (5) … they fell. He was born (6) … a different face — a woolly face.

The music stopped. The single harmonious creature broke (7) … two. Flushed, a little breathless, Anne swayed (8) … the room to the pianola, laid her hand (9) … Mr. Wimbush’s shoulder.

Test 26. The Famous Writers of the Modernist Period in English Literature.

Choose the correct letter a, b, c or d.

1. The Modernist Period in English Literature lasted… a) from 1965 till now; b) from 1870 till 1914; c) from 1914 till 1965; d) from 1798 till 1870.

2. In 1908 William Somerset Maugham… a) married Syrie; b) together with Haxton set out on the first of many journeys together; c) wrote his first novel “Liza of Lambeth”; d) had 4 plays running simultaneously in London.

3. Success was not instant, but he achieved fame… a) in 1907 with the production of “Lady Frederic”; b) in 1914 when he met Gerald Haxton in Flanders; c) in his house, which became a meeting place for a wide variety of writers, personalities and politicians; d) after Haxton made many useful contacts for him.

4. Ford Madox Ford was involved in… a) teaching at Oliver College in Michigan; b) founding The English Review; c) the British war propaganda after the outreak of World War I; d) writing the two propaganda books.

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5. … made her beyond doubt the most detective novelist of the century. a) More than 80 books, 2 self-portraits and several plays she produced b) More than 80 books she produced c) The classic books she wrote d) Her style of writing 6. Aldous Huxley was … and school master Leonard Huxley. a) the third son of the scientist; b) the third son of the writer; c) the second son of the zoologist; d) the second son of the outstanding biologist.

7. Huxley completed his first (unpublished) novel… a) at the age of fourteen and began writing seriously in his early twenties; b) at the age of seventeen and began writing seriously in his mid twenties; c) at the age of sixteen and began writing seriously in his late twenties; d) at the age of seventeen and began writing seriously in his early twenties; 8. Graham Greene was made a Companion of Honour (CH)… a) in 1866; b) in 1972; c) in 1966; d) in 1905.

9. He worked for a year… a) as a reporter for the Nottingham Journal; b) at Oxford; c) at Berkhamstead School; d) as a reporter for The Times.

10. Anthony Dymoke Powell was educated … , from which he received a) bachelor of arts degree in 1926. a) at Balliol College, Oxford; b) at Olivet College; c) at Eton and at Balliol College, Cambridge; d) at Eton and at Balliol College, Oxford.

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11. Aldridge’s best novel “The Diplomat” (1949) was… a) awarded the Nobel Prize in 1953; b) awarded the Gold Medal of Peace in 1953; c) awarded the Companion of Literature in 1952; d) awarded the Gold Medal of Peace in 1954.

12. Doris Lessing began her career as professional writer… a) in 1945, when she published her “The Golden Notebook”; b) in 1949, when she published her first novel “The fifth child”; c) in 1949, when she published her first novel “The Grass is Singing”; d) in 1940, when she published a novel “If the old could”.

Which sentences do not fit the text about: 1. The Modernist Period in English Literature. a) Between 1914 and 1967, modernist gained a powerful ascendancy. b) World War I created severe economic problems for Britain and shook its position as a world power. c) After World War II, Britain could no longer keep control of its colonies. d) In years after World War II, Great Britain foreign policy was closely connected with that of New Zealand.

2. The Representatives of the Modernist Period. a) J. Galsworthy, A. Powell and G. Chauser. b) Ch. Dickens, J. Aldridge and D. Defoe. c) W. Maugham, A. Huxley and G. Green. d) D. Lessing, F. Ford and A. Christie.

3. William Somerset Maugham. a) William was sent to Whitstable to live with a childless middle- aged aunt and clergyman uncle. b) In 1958 he was created a Companion of Honour. c) In 1926 Maugham bought a house on the French Riviera. d) Maugham was born in London.

4. Ford Madox Ford. a) He worked for the War Propaganda Bureau managed by C. F. G. Masterman with other writers and scholars who were popular in those years.

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b) One of his most famous works is “Parade’s End” (1915), a novel set just before World War I. c) He died in Deauville, France, at the age of 75. d) Ford went through several name changes.

5. Agatha Christie. a) Agatha Christie was born in 1890 in Devon of an English father and American mother. b) Her first novel “Why didn’t they ask Evans?” (1920) introduced the Belgian private detective Hercule Poirot. c) Her classic books concentrate almost exclusively on tantalizing ingenuity of plot. d) Agatha Christie also wrote 6 novels under the pseudonym Mary Westmacott.

6. Aldous Huxley. a) Huxley began his learning in his father’s well-equipped botanical laboratory, then continued in a school named Hillside. b) In 1963, Huxley was awarded the Companion of Literature by the Royal Society of Literature. c) He taught French for a year at Eton, where Eric Blair and Stephen Runciman were among his pupils. d) The family lived in London part of the time in the 1920s, where Huxley would visit his friend D. H. Lawrence.

7. Graham Greene. a) He ran away from school and underwent psychoanalysis in France. b) During the Second World War, he worked for the Foreign Office in Sierra Leone (1941–43). c) He read English at Cambridge, and graduated in 1925. d) In 1935 Graham Greene travelled in Liberia, West Africa, and returned to write about the experience in “Journey Without Maps”.

8. Anthony Dymoke Powell. a) In 1936 he joined Warner Brothers on a six month contract as a script writer. b) He died on March 28, 2005, near Frome, Somerset. c) Powell was decorated often and raised to the rank of captain.

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d) He married Lady Violet Pakenham in 1934.

9. James Aldridge. a) Aldridge’s first novel “Signed with Their Honour” appeared in 1940. b) His book “Of Many Men” (1946) is also devoted to the liberation struggle of the peoples during the World War II. c) Aldridge is also the author of a number of talented stories. d) He started to work at the age of 16 as a messenger boy in a Melbourne newspaper.

10. Doris Lessing. a) She was thirteen, and it was the end of her formal education. b) Her employer gave her books on politics and sociology to read. c) At twenty she married Frank Wisdom, and they had two children. d) In 2001 she was awarded the Prince of America Prize in Literature.

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