N A S H I K U R B A N
D E S I G N
R E P O R T
TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 2 2. METHODS OF RESEARCH
2.1 Varying Interface along the River and its development......................... 3 2.2 Interactions with local people..................................................................... 5
3. AGRICULTURE IN NASHIK
3.1 Mapping Agricultural Land Use : Year 1991............................................... 3.2 Urban Migration............................................................................................ 3.3 Urban Sprawl and Green Lands.................................................................. 3.4 Mapping Agricultural Land Use : Year 2017...............................................
7 8 9 10
4. AGRICULTURE IN NEIGHBORHOOD
4.1 Evolution of farmlands in the neighborhood............................................. 11 4.2 Consequences of the Evolution of farms on the River............................. 12
5. ASPECTS OF NEIGHBORHOOD
5.1 Introduction................................................................................................... 5.2 Growth of Amenities and its Effect on Agriculture.................................... 5.3 Networking of Roads and Bridges .............................................................. 5.4 Upcoming Urbanization and its Effect of Agriculture 5.4.1 Role of Developers .............................................................................. 5.4.2 Developer and Government Schemes for River Edge Development ....................................................................................... 5.5 Struggles faced by farmers .........................................................................
13 14 15 16 17 18
6. Vision.................................................................................................................. 20 7. Bibliography..................................................................................................... 21
1
1. INTRODUCTION Agriculture has always been the mainstay of Nashik’s economy. As it was once the district’s main economic sector, with around 70% of the working population reliant on it. Grapes, onion, pomegranates, and tomatoes, as well as roses and marigolds were widely grown. Agriculture is conducted throughout the year in Nashik. A good crop is guaranteed all year thanks to the favorable environment and average rainfall. The city’s tropical location and high altitude combine to give it a relatively mild version of a tropical wet and dry climate. The Godavari River serves as a primary source of irrigation and also ensures a healthy groundwater table for the region’s wells.
In the past, the neighborhood under study was dominated by farming. Groundnuts, cabbage, and flowers such as roses and marigolds were the principal crops grown in the area. The river that separates two regions, the southern bank transitioned into an urban settlement with well developed infrastructure around two decades ago, whereas the northern bank was still under agricultural practices until very recently.
2
2. METHOD OF RESEARCH Two broad methods employed during research were: a) Identifying a neighbourhood keeping river as a start along which the development grew. b) Interacting with local people and collecting various narratives.
2.1 Varying interface along the river and its development The primary heritage point of the River Godavari, was where the city began to grow. However, as the city grew, it concentrated on the southern bank of the river. This resulted in a fascinating contrast in how the two banks of the river grew through time. Inclining towards the nature of developement of the separated land masses along the river, we closely inspected various contrasting interfaces along the river. The primary focus of the investigation was on how the two sides interacted with one another and with the river. We were able to narrow down our choice neighbourhood after observing five similar neighbourhoods. Five contrasting interfaces were: a)Around the city origin b)Institutional and Agricultural edge c)Gated community with river edge development d)Developed urban area and upcoming township edge e)Under construction townships and elite amenities
Source: Google Earth
3
Around city origin Being the origin of the city, the early settlements grew on both sides of the river. These were rather organic and dense in nature which can still be seen.
Institutional and Agricultural edge The developed institutional edge on the southern bank starkly contrasts with the untouched riparian buffer and agricultural lands on the northern bank.
Gated community with river edge development Rise of gated community near the banks and different schemes on each river edge - one developed by the government and other by land developers.
Developed urban area and upcoming township edge Coming up of gated communities and elite amenities on northern bank which starkly contrasts with the dense urban fabric with opento-all public amenities in south.
Under construction townships and elite amenities Proposals of townships advertising elite amenities and including the river edge as a commodity.
Source: Google Earth
4
2.2 Interactions with local people Aunty has her farmlands between the upcoming settlements in the chandsi village who was worried about the urban growth on the borders of their village.
The family who owned vast farmlands in Nashik and Pimpalgaon but the current generations are disinterested and have taken jobs in the city .
After working in farms till today tired Kakad Aaji remembered how in old times, farming was much easier and river water was portable.
Nagarsevak who has seen transition of farmlands in last two decades and specifically remembers about large scale floriculture which has depleted as of today.
Sathe aaji who shifted in 1982 thinks back on how the area had only farms and no tall buildings. She was nostalgic about evenings sittting on otla watching sunset.
Ahire aaji recalls how earlier they could hear Anandwalli waterfalls, chirping of birds and animals. And the memory of four floods which almost touched their house.
5
Aaji living in the chandsi village was worried as the central part of village was ignored and newer settlemnts are only developing on outskirts.
Uncle who has a job in the city area and currently has employed people to work on his farms but if given chance will sell his land.
Mr. Ashwin , the manager, told about how the part of the land is sold and other on rent as the owner finds this easy and has earned more than farming.
Wagh Aaji who does farming near township area, strongly resisted the idea of selling the land to developers atleast till the day she is alive.
Bagrecha aunty living close to the river edge, who has faced effects of two major devastating floods but still loves the calm nature of neighborhood.
Suryawanshi aunty who recently shifted in this neighborhood mentioned about various complains and cases by the people because of floods and absence of any measures.
Eventhough 2008 floods had a huge impact on their lives. These women love their neighborhood as they even mentioned that flood lasts one day but rest of the year is peaceful.
Patil Ajoba approached the comissioner with the idea of “Amhala mahaporh mukth kara” after the devastating floods saying the problem might be due to bridges.
6
3. AGRICULTURE IN NASHIK 3.1 Mapping Agricultural Land Use : Year 1991
Agricultural lands dominated across the city in the early 1990s, while built-up areas were confined and constrained around the religious ghats of Godavari where mainly priests lived. The beginning of the evolution in the city gradually revealed alterations in the situation.
Source: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Administrative-ward-wise-Land-Use-Land-Cover-map-1981-1991-and-2017-bAdministrative_fig1_332750292
7
3.2 Urban Migration Nashik grew as a subsidiary of Mumbai and Pune, India’s major industrial capital cities, primarily for its agriculture trade. However, it later evolved into an industrial back end for them. The connecting railways from Nashik to Mumbai were built by the British. The key roadways that connect them have also been built. In addition, the establishment of Military Cantonment in 1918, as well as institutions such as the India Security Press in 1925 and the Currency Note Press in 1928, expanded employment.
Land use Map of year 1991
As a result, migration increased rapidly in Nashik, resulting in the growth of communities along important highways and railway connections. Statistics showed that professions shifted to the primary and industrial sectors. As a result, the necessity for expansion in the residential and commercial sectors arose. The graph depicts the decrease in agricultural employees in the working population during the last ten years.
Land use Map of year 2001
Land use Map of year 2011 Source: https://www.arcgis.com/apps/MapJournal/index.html?appid=45fe8af33373400b94b39875bdcd1b3b
8
3.3 Urban Sprawl and the Green Lands
Year 1881
During that time, Mumbai and Pune had significant industrial development, which resulted in numerous job opportunities for residents of both cities as well as adjacent towns. The British had established a welldeveloped road and railway network connecting these cities in Nashik, allowing for convenient day-to-day travel. As a result, people flocked to Nashik, forming settlements along the highways and railways that connected Mumbai and Pune. As a result, the city’s southern growth has been rapid, while the region north of the river has been left to grow at its own pace. Over time, this pattern resulted in a rupture in the river’s relationship between these two banks. Bridges were not built, and the northern region was exempted from the rapid urbanization that had engulfed the southern side.
Year 1931
As can be seen, the city’s urban development is inversely proportional to its agricultural landscape, and as one took control, the other began to fade away.
Year 1951
Year 2000
9
3.4 Mapping Agricultural Land Use : Year 2017
The southern bank of the Godavari River has almost fully been taken over by urban expansion, which is growing in the directions of the trade routes. While agricultural holdings can still be found on the river’s northern bank, they are becoming increasingly scarce. Today, infrastructure is threatening to take over what remains of these agricultural lands. We studied extensively, one such neighborhood in particular, where the tension between these disparities is developing to understand the circumstances and causes of the same.
Source: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Administrative-ward-wise-Land-Use-Land-Cover-map-1981-1991-and-2017-bAdministrative_fig1_332750292
10
4. AGRICULTURE IN NEIGHBORHOOD 4.1 Evolution of Farmlands in Neigborhood IThe neighborhood we studied is located on Nashik’s western fringes, and includes the Anandvalli Gaothan, one of the city’s oldest settlements. People in this area have been farming since before the 1800s. Known for flowers such as roses, marigolds, and chrysanthemums, as well as crops such as cabbage, cauliflower, tomato, onion, grapes, mango, and many more, The region’s roses and grapes were shipped to major cities around the world. As Nashik has developed with time, jobs in agriculture have moved to the industrial and commercial sectors. Settlements expanded in number, displacing fertile agricultural lands.
11
4.2 Consequences of the Evolution on the River
Before the 1980s, the river Godavari ran through farmlands, remote from urbanization and unaffected.
As economic opportunities grew, people began to travel and dwell along the river’s banks, overturning the agricultural lands eventually causing flood plains and riparian regions to be disrupted.
The river’s ecology was impacted by the river’s urbanisation. Domestic garbage, as well as untreated sewage, collected in the river. This subsequently had a negative impact on the region’s groundwater table, hurting irrigation for the region’s remaining agricultural fields.
The river is currently in a very bad shape, with concreted banks, moss covering the water surface, domestic and industrial garbage, and a looming threat of the city taking over what is left of Nashik’s agricultural sector.
12
5. ASPECTS OF NEIGHBORHOOD
In line with the pattern seen throughout Nashik, the neighborhood we studied showed a similar contrast of dense urban development on the Godavari’s southern bank with a few agricultural lands on the northern bank that are on the verge of joining the trend. Paving the way to that, in the recent decade we saw the construction of bridges, improved road networks, and the conversion of the green zone to the yellow zone in the development plan. Just how in the last 40 years, the southern bank has morphed from being agricultural zone to residential, institutional and commercial lands, the northern bank has undergone a major transition in the previous two decades with the onset of the townships and elite amenities. This is in turn leading to depletion of agriculture.
13
5.1 Growth of amenities and its effect on agriculture Several amenities began to permeate into the urban fabric of the southern side as urbanization progressed, serving and attracting people. People, primarily farmers, were attracted to them as they emerged because of the improved lifestyle and rising opportunities. There was a gradual migration to the city in search of jobs and services, leaving their farmlands largely unused and barren. Later, as the population grew, the necessity for housing prompted development on the northern bank of the river. However, this resulted in a certain privileged group of people settling here along the riverfront and similar serving amenities like turfs, bars, and hookah clubs came along.
14
5.2 Networking of roads and bridges. The southern side had benefited from a better road network, allowing for easier transportation. Previously, the lack of a connection from the north to fairly developed south led in the alienation of the north. Mobility resumed when the bridges were built, but due to floods, these low-lying bridges impeded transportation from one end to the other. The northern road network is fairly developed today, and it continues to improve, with two new bridges at fairly higher height easing the north-south connection.
15
5.3 Upcoming Urbanization and its effect on agriculture 5.3.1 Role of developers Farmlands and farming activities in the neighborhood have been reduced as a result of upcoming urbanization. As can be seen, the northern bank of the river has begun to develop in a pattern similar to the southern in terms of transitioning from agriculture to urbanized areas. Farmers are being approached by developers who want to buy their land in order to build townships. The settlement typology is geared toward those who can afford luxury, which helps to explain the popularity of forthcoming affluent facilities. Due to their difficulties, many farmers easily sell their lands, while others rent them out for commercial purposes, and only a few farmers resist and continue farming today.
16
5.3.2 Developer and Government schemes for river edge development The undeveloped northern river bank benefited Nashik developers, who dsigned the river edge as a commodity and marketed it for future development. As a result, the riverfront on the north expanded as a well-kept public space that became a focal point in the region. It has attracted a wide range of activities and events over the years, including art festivals, food festivals, runner groups, and so on. This neighborhood has seen a significant increase in positive usage, which has paved the way for a surge in residential development in the area.
The undeveloped northern river bank benefited Nashik developers, who dsigned the river edge as a commodity and marketed it for future development. As a result, the riverfront on the north expanded as a well-kept public space that became a focal point in the region. It has attracted a wide range of activities and events over the years, including art festivals, food festivals, runner groups, and so on. This neighborhood has seen a significant increase in positive usage, which has paved the way for a surge in residential development in the area.
17
5.4 Struggles faced by Farmers
Lack of availability of Labour
kab aayenge woh
Agricultural jobs do not pay very much irrespective of the effort it takes. Due to this, people prefer working in non-agricultural sectors and the farmers have to bear the brunt alone.
baapre itna paisee
Unaffordable Technology Labour can be replaced to an extent wih machineries. However, the even increasing prices of the agricultural technology and less knowledge leeps the farmers from the benefits of the advancement of science.
paani kab aayega
haaye itna baarish
Irregularities with Canal Irrigation Due to the changing river ecolgy, the region doesn’t have enough ground water table during the dry season however the farmlands get flooded during the monsoons.
18
itne kaam paise
Low Income in Agriculture Agricultural produce have set prices which are not adequate to to fulfill the necessities of the farmers. No profits are made and they barely reach their invested price. The retailers i.e. the middle men make good money while the farmers are left to suffer.
ab nahi hogaa ye
Lack of Youth’s Interest in Agriculture Due to the problems faced by the the current generation of agricultural workers, more and more upcoming generation prefer working in other commercial or industrial sector to have a good income and adequate work hours. Agriculture is dying as a profession.
19
6. VISION Agricultural practices will soon be fully replaced by commercial and industrial settings in the city, as the current city growth pattern indicates. The transition is having an impact not just on the agricultural occupations, but also on the associated fertile plains and the river Godavari. A peri-urban paradigm might be presented to build a relationship between farmland (i.e. rural) and upcoming urban development (i.e. urban) by empowering the rural and therefore integrating it into the urban fabric. Ecological measures such as rejuvenating the river plains as resilient landscapes, boosting groundwater levels, preserving riparian buffers, and catering to farmers’ challenges are also required to lay the groundwork for reimagining future development. Proposing an interdependent relationship between farmers and the rest of the community through various urban interventions that appeal to the overall development of the next generation would be a progressive step for the neighborhood.
20
7. BIBLIOGRAPHY HISTORY •
https://sdmahajan.tripod.com/nasik_globalayan.html
AGRICULTURE • • • • •
https://nashik.gov.in/agriculture/ http://oldisrj.lbp.world/ColorArticles/4994.pdf https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.653.3941&rep=rep1&type=pdf https://vikaspedia.in/agriculture/farm-based-enterprises/floriculture http://icarzcu3.gov.in/projects/arya.html
RIVER HEALTH / GROUND WATER • • • • • • •
http://cgwb.gov.in/district_profile/maharashtra/nashik.pdf https://sandrp.in/tag/gangapur-dam/ https://sandrp.in/2017/12/24/godavari-worshiped-destroyed-forgotten-river-of-nashik/#more-27850 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341214862_The_Making_of_Fluid_Ecocultural_Identities_in_Urban_ India https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325621341_Taming_Godavari_River_Navigating_through_religious_ developmental_and_environmental_narratives https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323240218_Epidemic_of_Urban_Floods_Politics_Development_ and_Ecology https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326247316_Godavari_Worshiped_Destroyed_Forgotten_River_of_ Nashik
URBAN DEVELOPMENT • • • • • • • • • • •
https://www.arcgis.com/apps/MapJournal/index.html?appid=45fe8af33373400b94b39875bdcd1b3b https://portfolio.cept.ac.in/2020/M/fp/understanding-the-city-studio-up4002-monsoon-2020-8121/traits-ofmedieval-core-of-the-city-monsoon-2020-put20098 http://lib.unipune.ac.in:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/9203/10_chapter%202. pdf?sequence=10&isAllowed=y http://lib.unipune.ac.in:8080/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/9203/08_abstract pdf?sequence=8&isAllowed=y https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nashik/hc-tells-nashik-smart-corp-to-stop-work-on-new-township/ articleshow/79765237.cms https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nashik/urban-development-dept-stays-work-on-bridge-acrossgodavari/articleshow/79970366.cms https://www.nmc.gov.in/upload/download/53942_DraftTPSchemeReport.pdf https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nashik/no-extension-of-nashik-municipal-corporation-limits-in-thenew-development-plan/articleshow/21832070.cms https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/nashik/proposal-for-4-new-bridges-over-3-rivers-sail-through/ articleshow/70760901.cms?utm_source=contentofinterest&utm_medium=text&utm_campaign=cppst http://210.212.169.38/xmlui/bitstream/handle/123456789/713/Thesis.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Administrative-ward-wise-Land-Use-Land-Cover-map-1981-1991-and2017-b-Administrative_fig1_332750292
MAPS • • • • • • •
https://nmc.gov.in/public/upload/dcpr2017/NASHIK_CITY_Corr.JPG https://nmc.gov.in//upload/download/69236_Map-Overall.pdf https://nmc.gov.in/public/upload/download/01_Makhamalabad.pdf https://nmc.gov.in/public/upload/download/A09.JPG https://nmc.gov.in/public/upload/download/cdp-drw_drawings1.pdf https://nmc.gov.in/public/upload/download/cdp-tp_Townplanning.pdf https://nmc.gov.in/public/upload/dcpr2017/MAKHMALABAD.JPG
21
SANYUKTA BAGRECHA PRITI DEOGHARE RUTUJA DHADIWAL TANVI KAKAD SARTHAK MALUNDE
1806 1814 1816 1836 1845