Studio Urbanism & Landscape: Mass and Water

Urbanism & Landscape Studio Ania Öst, Hanna Erixon Aalto and Ulrika Stenkula KTH Arkitekturskolan, Stockholm 2021

Studio Urbanism and Landscape:

Mass and Water

KTH, The Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm School of Architecture and the Build Environment Special thanks to Luc Pagès for his underwater images within this booklet.

CONTENTS PROPOSALS (P4)

RESEARCH (P3)

LADUGÅRDSLANDSVIKEN/VASADJUPET

84

NYBROVIKEN

94

TEGELVIKEN

98

WALDEMARSVIK/RYSSVIKEN

106

ISBLADSVIKEN

114

VÄRTAN

122

DJURGÅRDSBRUNNSVIKEN

126

THE STUDIO

4

INVITED PARTICIPANTS

6

TOPIC INTRODUCTION

8

FIVE PRINCIPLES

16

THE STONE RESOURCE

24

RIDDARFJÄRDEN

134

UNDER THE SURFACE

30

KLARA SJÖ

142

LEGAL BOUNDARIES

38

RIDDARFJÄRDEN/NORRSTRÖM

154

THE EDGE ZONE

46

ESSINGEFJÄRDEN

162

CLIMATE CHANGE

54

ÅRSTAVIKEN

172

FLORA AND FAUNA

62

HAMMARBY SJÖ

180

ACTIVITES

74

ÖSTERSJÖN

188

URBANISM & LANDSCAPE STUDIO

TEACHERS

(from left to right)

Ania Öst Hanna Erixon Aalto Ulrika Stenkula

STUDENTS

4

(from left to right)

Mark Gavigan

Mats Andersson

Clas Sundberg

Gabriel Stuart

Anastasia Bos

Ida Laaksonen

Malte David Didrigkeit

Juntian Lin

Thelma Dethlefsen

Mingyu Qiu

Alexander Noworzyn

Bingrong Huo

Torbjörn Winroth

Marivn Palmgren

Julia Nordholm

Nicole Sabina Eggenreich

Linnea Signe Gretel Fri

Beatrice Selander

Lukas Wachtang Bachsoliani

Martin Lättman

Oscar Guibentif

Yunxi Wu

Veronika Jalas

Gustav Björling

5

URBANISM & LANDSCAPE STUDIO

START-UP WORKSHOP Start-up workshop MASSA including presentations by: Elisabeth Rosenquist Saidac, City gardener, Stockholm stad Monica von Schmalensee, Architect and partner at White Arkitekter Carl-Gustaf Hagander, Planner and judge Luc Pagès, Technician specialist at Stockholm stad, Architect, Artist

PRESENTATION P4 Kate Orff and Nans Voron, SCAPE Landscape Architecture James Corner, Field Operations (Arkitekturgalan, invited through Hanna Erixon Aalto) Erik Winquist, KTH School of Architecture, program director Fredrik Gröndahl, Head of Department SEED, KTH Stockholm Luc Pagès, Technician specialist at Stockholm stad, Architect, Artist Oliver Karlöf, Fisheries Biologist at Stockholm stad Juha Salonsaari, Head of Unit at Miljöförvaltningen, Stockholm stad Marta Bohlmark, Gaia Arkitektur, Architect, Urban development Ulrika Stenkula, Gaia Arkitektur, Architect, specialist within ecosystem services Erik Aalto, Artist

PRESENTATION P4 Nina-Marie Lister, School of Urban + Regional Planning at Ryerson University Patrick Verhoeven, MANDAWORKS, partner Marta Bohlmark, Gaia Arkitektur, Architect, Urban development Anna Maria Orrù, Konstfack, Nordic Biomimicry cofounder

6

PRESENTATIONS P4 Dan Svensson, ELU, Head of Department Elin Tanding Sørensen, Urban Living Laboratory, landscape architect, visual artist

EXPERT TUTORIALS Erik Andersson, Stockholm Resilience Centre, theme leader for multifunctional landscapes/seascapes Felicia Sjösten Harlin, White Arkitekter, ecologist, specialist within sustainable development Oliver Karlöf, Fisheries Biologist at Stockholm stad Luc Pagèg, Technician specialist at Stockholm stad, Architect, Artist Elin Tanding Sørensen, Urban Living Laboratory, landscape architect, visual artist

GUEST CRITICS Erik Winquist, KTH School of Architecture, program director Mattias Gustafsson, Urbio landskap, sustainability strategist Marta Bohlmark, Gaia Arkitektur, Architect, Urban development Luc Pagèg, Technician specialist at Stockholm stad, Architect, Artist Patrick Verhoeven, MANDAWORKS, partner Lisa Maria Enzenhofe, Breathe Earth Collective, Green4Cities, creative director and partner

EXHIBITION Venue: Tekniska Nämndhuset, main reception hall Address: Fleminggatan 4, 112 26 Stockholm Date: 31/5 - 14/6

7

INTRODUCTION

How can millions of tons of stone generated during the expansion of the Stockholm subway be the catalyst for a new resilient city of the twenty-first century?

This book presents analytical studies and projections made by 24 students from the Urbanism and Landscape Studio at KTH School of Architecture.

Stone masses generated by city expansion is often regarded as a costly residue resulting in unsustainable transport with 8

great consequences for the environment. A holistic view is lacking where the material instead could constitute a resource to solve other challenges.

In the 1950s and 60s, when the last subway expansion took place, the question of how to deal with the resulting masses was given to the city gardener Holger Blom who together with artists shaped ten artificial peaks. How will the city be transformed this time?

9

URBANISM & LANDSCAPE STUDIO “Given the complexity of the rapidly urbanizing metropolis, to continue to oppose nature against culture, landscape against city – is to risk complete failure of the architectural and planning arts to make any reaal or significant contribution to future urban formations”.

(James Corner in Terra Fluxus, p 28, The Landscape Urbanism Reader)

The Urbanism and Landscape Studio focuses on cities, landscapes and territories in the broader context of the environmental crisis. How can we imagine a sustainable and resilient city of the twenty-first century? What can the role of designers be in addressing Agenda 2030, including urgent and interconnected problems such as rapid urbanization, biodiversity loss, social inequity and severe global climate changes effecting our cities?

Drawing on the nexus of ideas within landscape/ecological urbanism, resilience theory, and the environmental humanities, the studio challenges the modernist idea of the city as a fixed, delimited territory contrasting the ‘natural’ world around us. Instead, we explore landscape and ecology as organizers of urban space; as providers of catalytic urban strategies that can embrace complexity, multi-functionality and change over time.

10

MASS AND WATER In the spring of 2021, the studio has investigated how millions of tons of stone generated during the expansion of the Stockholm subway can be the catalyst for new resilient urban environments. Historically, land rise and the conjunction of fresh water and saltwater is the reason behind the location of Stockholm. Considering the effects of climate change, such as rising sea levels and increased water flows, as well as the rapid growth of Stockholm, the studio sees the opportunity to take a holistic approach to the potential that millions of tons of rock bring. The challenges are severe: The Baltic ecosystem is collapsing and by 2050, the sea level rise is estimated to exceed the land rise. In 2100 Lake Mälaren could once again become part of the Baltic Sea and the city would lose its source of drinking water.

Students have been working with several sites where the stone residue can be used as a resource in relation to the blue wedges in Stockholm and urban development.

The studio is part of the ongoing research project MASSA. It is financed by a four-year state grant trough Formas and is a collaboration between the City of Stockholm, KTH, Gaia Arkitektur and Studio Erixon Aalto.

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METHODOLOGY

STRATEGIC GENERAL PLAN

We aim at empowering students to develop a critical and systematic outlook to the urban and global problems we face though the study of hands-on, “live” problems grounded in real-world challenges. Urban design is an inclusive, reflective and, by necessity, transdisciplinary practice. The studio supports this by working closely with decision makers, activists, local organizations, and experts. We study international references, learn from invited lecturers, have literature seminars, writing exercises, conduct interviews with relevant actors and arrange expert tutorials and interdisciplinary workshops. Learning from history, we study how forces of nature, culture and infrastructure have shaped city life. Through combining the critical and the suggestive, analysis and innovation, we develop bold scenarios that reframe the human-nature relationship. We see outcomes that reveal unexpected potentials ranging in scale from the territorial, the neighborhood, down to the detail of a living environment.

A strategic general plan is developed to establish a holistic view on how the blue wedges of Stockholm could be transformed. The map also outlines a set of overarching strategies as well as pointing out the selected sites where the students have developed site specific projections.

12

MAPS A set of maps codify and illustrate Stockholm’s blue wedges in relation to the excavated stone masses. They bring forward different sort of boundaries, e.g., political, economic or physical. The maps also display spatial and statistical relationships that may reflect ecological, physical, social, and economic aspects. We see the maps as subjective abstractions. They can be powerful tools to influence human behaviour and decision making. The maps are produced to generate new views on the territory and to bring forward unexpected solutions and effects.

TIMELINE AND INTERVIEWS Timeline-collages and interviews present how different relationships between environment, actors and structures can take different forms and constitute different living environments. For instance, a fisherman can only practice a fisherman’s life if he has a boat, boatshed, tools, nets, fishes, fishing water and so on. This practise was associated with one type of living environment when looking back in history. Today this practise might look completely different. This leads us to imagine and formulate more resilient future environments and relationships.

SYSTEM SECTIONS The system sections illustrate investigations of the sites.

The sections are not only a tool of mapping, they are also a design method. Through the sections, we question, challenge, and intervene with the current situation on the sites. The sections are cut both through water and land and reveal hidden processes, actions, involved agents and flows, as well as visible situations and documented facts. In the urbanism and landscape studio we work with systems thinking, which is the process of understanding how things influence one another within a whole.

In nature, systems thinking examples include ecosystems in which various elements such as plants, animals, air, water, and movement work together to survive or perish.

Social and economic systems elements consist of people, structures, and processes that interact and make a system healthy or unhealthy. The systems thinking approach contrasts with traditional problem solving, which studies systems by breaking them down into their separate elements. Instead, systems thinking views “problems” as parts of an overall system and aims at utilizing a holistic “problem solving” approach that focuses on the way that a system’s constituent parts interrelate and how systems work over time and within the context of larger systems.

PROJECTIONS The projections explore the potential of the chosen sites. Projections are estimations or forecasts of future situations based on studies of present trends.

The projections are developed as axonometric drawings, collages, and sketches. These projections are tentative, rapid prototypes, through which we explored key aspects and potentials that evoke ideas and reactions for further development. The projections also aim to stir public opinion about alternative future scenarios.

13

COMPOSITION

HABITAT

The projections are turned into site specific project proposals including multifunctional programs and design principles. Here we explore what spaces could be created and how the city could meet the water in new ways. The projects address multiple scales, and we investigate how the design is developed based on the location in the city, if it is part of the Baltic archipelago, the inner city waters or the archipelago of lake Mälaren. We investigate how the design is affected by the character of the water space, if it is a strait, a canal, a lake, a bay or if the water is a stream.

The designs are also developed based on the type of shoreline or quay. The projects deals with strategies of how the city meet the water, distances to water, public accessibility, openness / closedness, views, relation to existing buildings and cultural heritage as well as how the sun, prevailing wind and other climate conditions influence and affect the design.

The designs are developed for humans and non-human actors. Species sometimes takes the role of the main character shaping the proposed urban landscape. It might be a species that was previously common on the site, culturally important and considered characteristic for the site. It might also contribute to solving a challenge that the city is facing.

14

MATERIALITY AND LEGIBILITY The designs are developed into multifunctional living environments that considers ecological as well as cultural and technical aspects. Challenges can be, e.g., reducing erosion or pollution, creating habitats or enabling more functions. Reefs are designed to both break waves and to constitute a habitat. Quay edges are redesigned to fulfil many functions. A sterile edge is transformed into vertical and horizontal spaces full of life. The projects range from artificial reefs, islands, underwater parks, food producing water gardens, a developed network for boats, walkers and cyclists, a new marine national park. A wild and fancy character emerges. Industrial sites give way to neighborhoods on water and non-human actors move into the city again.

The QR code links the work to a series of episodes at the Urbanistica Podcast, where Mustafa Sherif talks with representatives about the studio and personal experiences working within the field of urbanism and landscape.

15

FIVE PRINCIPLES Five key principles that guide planning and design is developed in the studio.

These principles aim to strengthen and support a sustainable and resilient development of Stockholm as well as the city’s relation to water by utilizing the stone residue as a resource.

and also creates opportunities to make legible the connection between residue and resource to the wider public. ● When there is a need to transport the masses, do this by boat and ideally within a 3-4 km radius. ● Synchronize different flows related to the masses, e.g. cleaning the stone and temporary storage. Locate these functions strategically in, for example, post-industrial sites undergoing change.

1. USE THE STONE LOCALLY

Stockholm is growing rapidly, by 2040 the city is expected to have a population 1.3 million. This entails a number of important challenges, for example the construction of new buildings, adapting transport and public infrastructures and strengthening resilience toward climate change and environmental degradation. At present, and in mainstream urban planning strategies, the need to meet the demands of the growing city are often set against the need to safeguard blue and green infrastructures in a dichotomist manner.

These landscapes are thus often either “spared” or “sacrificed” instead of being integrated (conceptually, physically, economically and ecologically) in the urban structure. Projects within the studio have set out to explore the transformation of these existing antagonistic relationships into syn-

Landmasses and construction waste that are produced in conjunction with growing cities are often regarded as a costly remnant. The result is usually unsustainable transport across the country and great consequences for the environments where the rock and gravel masses are to be handled, stored, and then transported again. A holistic view of the problem is lacking where the residual product can instead constitute a resource to solve other large scale challenges.

Considering this, we propose three important sup-principles when dealing with the masses: ● Use the stone locally in conjunction to the excavation sites as often as possible.

This reduces the need to transport and store the masses

16

2. CREATE NEW NEIGHBORHOODS FOR BOTH HUMANS AND NON-HUMANS

ergistic ones asking – can we preserve, or even strengthen and create, locally generated ecosystem services at the same time as we develop new, modern urban neighborhoods both for human and non-human actors alike? The projects explore a wide range of strategies including: ● To use the masses to create new land in the water. ● To deck over roads connecting disjointed urban areas. ● To stage innovative and playful water spaces and marine parks that become a connective tissue for urban development.

resources? Within the studio, a diverse set of strategies are proposed in which the masses are used to create: ● Innovative courtyards where seafood is produced by the residents ● Floating food producing parks next to restaurants. ● Allotment gardens and cultivation incubators on water ● Shallow water for crayfish and fish spawning and structures for mussel belts that purify water ● Artificial bird islands for eider and eider down collection.

3. RE-INTEGRATE PRODUCTIVE LANDSCAPES

4. STRENGTHEN RESILIENCE TOWARD CLIMATE CHANGE AND BIODIVERSITY LOSS

Historically, Stockholm has had a strong and diverse relationship to water and its strategic location, between the fresh and brackish water, has created excellent conditions for a rich maritime economy.blue and green infrastructures in a dichotomist manner. However, the once close connection between local actors and their productive landscapes has partly been lost due to deteriorating conditions for marine life in combination with increased industrialized fishing.

How can we return Stockholm to its harbor city origin and strengthen a network of local businesses and attractions connected to the water? How can we weave together societies to their local resources and how can we re-imagine new modes of management structures for public water

Land rise and the conjunction of fresh water and saltwater is the raison d’être of Stockholm. Considering the effects of climate change, such as rising sea levels and increased water flows, as well as the rapid growth of Stockholm, we see the opportunity to take a holistic approach to the potential that 7 million tons of rock brings. The challenges of climate change, however, are severe. Throughout the Baltic Sea, erosion and quay construction has led to collapsing ecosystems with large-scale loss of important habitats. At present, challenges related to the environmental and climate crisis are often framed mainly as ’technical problems‘ requiring technical solutions. In light of this, the studio has set out to take on a more holistic approach and explore potential syn17

ergies between ecological, social and technical perspectives. Projects within the studio include proposals for: ● Robust public spaces that delay storm water on land by using the stone to create wetlands and softer edges. ● New reefs and islands that can simultaneously constitute habitats for humans and non-humans whilst improving water quality. ● New multifunctional locks in Hammarby, Vaxholm and Öresund.

5. CURATE NEW WATER URBANISM CULTURES In Western culture, we have had a tendency to perceive the sea as practically limitless in resources and absorbency, as well as something separate from society. The opaque water surface creates a distance and a mental boundary to what is going on underneath. Research has shown that changes in the marine environment are much more difficult for human senses to observe and understand than changes in, for example, agricultural landscapes, forests or urban environments (Cederqvist et al. 2020). Stockholm’s relationship to its water is complex and there is a discrepancy between, on the one hand, the narrative of the proud and clean city on the water – our “Venice of the north” – and on the other hand the story of a polluted, oxygen-deprived, species-poor environment with collapsing ecosystems. How can we re18

think the image of the city and curate new water urbanism cultures that stich together humans with their water environments? How can we raise human awareness about what is often invisible, but vital for our long-term survival? How can we encourage new constituencies and stewardships around water? Projects within the studio include proposals for: ● New neighborhoods, parks and allotment gardens on water. ● New water way entrances to the city. ● Revitalized cultures of public transport by boats and new floating bridges.

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20

LEGEND PROJECT LOCATIONS 1. Nybroviken 2. Tegelviken 3. Klara sjö & Riddarfjärden 4. Essingefjärden 5. Isbladsviken 6. Lilla Värtan 7. Waldemarsvik/Ryssviken 8. Djurgårdsbrunnsviken 9. Årsta viken 1 10. Årsta viken 2 11. Hammarby sjö

HARBOURS

STONE EXCAVATION SITES MAIN SITES SECONDARY SITES

Store the stone temporarily at urban development sites.

Make use of existing harbours and synchronize different flows.

INDUSTRIAL AREAS

GREEN CONNECTIONS

BLUE CONNECTIONS

BLUE/GREEN CONNECTIONS

Proposals to strengthen and connect land habitats and green areas. Connect green and blue infrastructures physically and through a legal framework to counter weak links.

Proposals to strengthen shoreline habitats.

Compensate areas lacking in park areas with parks in or on water. Create marine allotment gardens.

Proposals to strengthen and connect land habitats and green areas. Connect green and blue infrastructures physically and through a legal framework to counter weak links.

GREEN AREAS

MAXIMUM WATER DEPTH (IN METERS)

EXISTING HARBOURS MANAGING FLOW OF STONES HARBOURS

Use the stone locally.

Transport the stone on water.

Store the stone temporarily at urban development sites. Make use of existing harbours and synchronize different flows.

NEW PUBLIC WATER FRONT

When transforming industrial areas create a resilient structure that strengthens the surrounding context and build new nature.

Parks, Forests, Meadows and other unbuilt areas

EDGE CONDITIONS

MUNICIPALITY BORDER

UNDEFINED

Use the stone to make the water line public when it is not.

ARTIFICIAL HARD EDGES NATURAL EDGES SEMI HARD EDGES

200

100

50

20

15

12

10

6

3

Build in water where it is shallow, close to moraine and not too steep. Move boats further out from shallow waters by creating piers.

FERRY PATHS

Borders of Stockholm County Re-route large boats to safeguard habitats for humans and non-humans

21

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PART 1 - RESEARCH P3 Thematic investigations create detailed knowledge of different perspectives and a common holistic understanding. A set of thematic maps codify and illustrate the blue wedges of Stockholm in relation to the excavated stone masses. We study how forces of nature, culture and infrastructure have shaped city life, illustrated by timeline-collages combined with interviews. Section of systems question, challenge,

and intervene with the current situation, resulting in projections and rapid prototypes through which we explored key aspects and potentials that evoke ideas and reactions for further development. A communicative strategic general plan for the development of new relationships between Stockholm and its water boarders is developed. This map constitutes the starting point for the next part of the course.

23

THE STONE RESOURCE

Anastasia Bos, Mark Gavigan, Mingyu Qiu and Nicole Eggenreich

What ­­

That Stockholm has a huge history with dealing with stones, and each decade had its way to deal with it. So, for this decade, we have to choose if we want to stick to the old systems or patterns, or if we should try to discover a completely new way, even get a bit revolutionary, which does not mean that old techniques or stories cannot be interpreted in a new way.

The E4 bypass project and the ongoing extension to Stockholm’s metro system will generate about 20 million tonnes of rock spoil between them. To get a grip of what that number means, note that the entirety of Hammarbybacken was built from approximately 3 million tonnes of spoil; a fraction of what was generated during the metro expansion of the 50s and 60s. We understand that the business-asusual approach of transport by flatbed truck, on the quickest route out of the city center and toward landfill sites is not sustainable.

How

Understanding that time was the essential factor in attempting to coordinate all of the different actors (as well as locations) that are contributing to this stone resource, we sought to visualise the material in a way that would help us comprehend not just the scale of these volumes and where they are coming from, but how they are emerging over time.

Blasieholmen was chosen as our site to act; it is one of the main extracting points for the new Tunnelbana, 200.000m² of stones will be extracted from here. This area got intensively investigated, showing how dead the Baltic sea in the inner archipelago is. But also, how important this area is as a tourist spot with many business and hotels based there.

The data is extrapolated to describe how the rate of extraction changes over a time-frame, anticipating how the tunneling would speed up and slow down over the entire course of a project. As shown, when plotted graphically it’s possible to see how the amount of mass pulled up in a certain year could compare visually to a recognisable Stockholm landmark.

Nitrogen plays an important role within this project. It is a byproduct of the blasting process and remains on the stones in large quantities after extraction. Nitrogen itself is a very good fertilizer, which makes it also very dangerous for our drinking water. This is why the current strategy is to store the rock in a place outside the city for about two years, so the rain could wash off the nitrogen.

Why With all the hard stone surfaces and cliffs Sweden has, its history is webbed with the material. But the invention of dynamite in 1867 revolutionized stone extracting. For the first time, it was possible to extract a huge amount of stones in a more or less safe way.

The future suggested in our projections is for stone to be cleaned on-site with a mobile cleaning facility, and put to immediate use. Consequently, wetlands were created in the bay of Nybroviken, which then can filter the nitrogen of the cleaning water. Moreover, those wetlands can contribute positively to the biodiversity in this area, and strengthen the habitats of native species.

About half of the city of Stockholm we know today is built on dumped stones or waste.The building history of Stockholm, is inherently a project of landfilling.

A beach is suggested too, to implement a proper bathing spot within the inner city for Stockholmers, which can also have a positive impact as a touristic area.

With the Tunnelbana being built in 1950, the question of what to do with a lot of stones came up for the first time. There Stadsträdgårdsmästare Holger Blom came up with the idea of the ten hills as an art project to store the stones, which marks Stockholm and especially its suburbs.

As a continued project, a much larger strategy got developed, involving different sites at the inner archipelago. Giving back some spaces to nature, questioning the shoreline development but also trying to create spaces for the public and educational background were the final output.

What we are doing today: Beside the old church in Botkyrka is one of the many stone storage facilites located just outside of the Stockholm region. (Photo: Stefan Källstigen.)

What we could do in the future: Putting nitrogen enriched waste-water from the stone cleaning process to use at Löten Wetlands.

24

Excavation of granite stone masses Symbol Legend: E4 Bypass project tunnel FUT Yellow line tunnel FUT Blue line tunnel FUT future ambition (no data) City Link tunnel Slussen

TS

Temporary stone storage site Existing dock Temporary dock for masshandling

0,

00

0m

³

Volume of masses extracted

10

³

0

0,

00

m

20

³

0m

, 00

500

0000

Map showing the highway connections out of Stockholm toward the various stone-storage areas currently in use by the municipality

0000

1, 000, 000 m³

1, 3

00,

000

m³

0000

0000

26

0

2018

2019 2027

2020 2028

2021 2029

2022

2023

2024

2025

2026

2027

2028

2029

2030

2030

Masses exctracted (m³) recorded semiannually

2027 2028 2029 2030 E4 Bypass: 6.4Mm³ (Skärholmen, Sätra, Lovö Edeby, Na Lovö, Johannelund, Skärholmen Sätra Lovö Edeby 2028Skattegårdsv, Lunda, Hågerstalund) 2029 2030 1600000 WT Londonviadukten Hammarby Kanal WT Hammarby fabriksväg 2027 2028 2029 2030 City Link: NB: TBM flakey, gravel like masses are produced ågerstalund City link0.5Mm³ Slussen SoÞa Sockenplan stage 2 & method; Slakthusområdet Sockenplan stage 3 WT Sundstabacken T Järla Östra Nacka WT Värmdövägen Sockenplan stage 1 Slussen: 0.3Mm³ City link Slussen SoÞa 1200000 2028Veddesta 2029 2030 enastaden Robothöjden Landningbanan WT Värmdövägen Sockenplan stage 1 Blue line Södermalm: 1.0Mm³ (Sofia, Londonviadukten, Hammarby en Nacka SoÞa 2028FUT 2029 2030 Kanal, Veddesta Robothöjden Landningbanan Hammarby Fabriksväg, tunnel Kungsträdgården) ärmdövägen Sockenplan stage Service 1 City link Slussen SoÞa 2026 2027 2028 800000 2029 FUT Blue line Nacka: 0.9Mm³ (Sickla, Skönviksvägen, Järla, Järla Östra, Nacka, thöjden Landningbanan Nacka WT Värmdövägen Sockenplan stage 1 Värmdövägen) Robothöjden Landningbanan sen Veddesta SoÞa FUT Blue line Söderort: en SoÞa ärmdövägen Sockenplan stage 10.7Mm³ (Sockenplan S1, Sockenplan S2, Sock400000 enplan S3, Sundstabacken, Gullmarsplan, Depå Högdalen) ärmdövägen Sockenplan stage 1 City othöjden Landningbanan Lunda Hågerstalund link Slussen SoÞa FUT Blue line Barkaby: 0.6Mm³ (Veddesta, Robothöjden, Landningbanan) thöjden Landningbanan Järla WT Järla Östra Nacka WT Värmdövägen Sockenplan stage 1 0 FUT Yellow line Arenastaden: 0.7Mm³ (Hagastaden, Hagalund, Arenastaden) Landningbanan Hagalund Arenastaden Veddesta Robothöjden 2018

Na Lovö Track & Service tunnel Kungsträdgården Gullmarsplan

Johannelund Sickla Depå Högdalen

Skattegårdsv WT Skönviksvägen Hagastaden

Lunda Järla Hagalund

Hågerstalund WT Järla Östra Arenastaden

City link Nacka Veddesta

Slussen WT Värmdövägen Robothöjden

2030

2019

Skärholmen WT Londonviadukten Sockenplan stage 2 & Slakthusområdet

SoÞa Sockenplan stage 1 Landningbanan

Globen 0.6M m³

2020

Sätra Hammarby Kanal Sockenplan stage 3

2021

Lovö Edeby WT Hammarby fabriksväg WT Sundstabacken

2022

2023

Na Lovö Track & Service tunnel Kungsträdgården Gullmarsplan

2024

Johannelund Sickla Depå Högdalen

2025

Skattegårdsv WT Skönviksvägen Hagastaden

2026

Lunda Järla Hagalund

Hågerstalund WT Järla Östra Arenastaden

2027

City link Nacka Veddesta

Hammarbybacken 1.2M m³

2028

Slussen WT Värmdövägen Robothöjden

2029

2030

SoÞa Sockenplan stage 1 Landningbanan

25

THE STONE RESOURCE

Inviting all kinds of life to take a view of the familiar from an unfamiliar perspective.

Finding an expedient way of building: the excavated material is put to immediate use. A cleaning machine floating in the bay builds up around itself a new landscape.

26

A room with a view; Champange breakfast at Hotel Diplomat.

Enough blasted stone material will be extracted from the Blasieholmen site to fill the entire length of Nybroviken.

27

THE STONE RESOURCE

Anthropocene Human activity has a significant impact on the planet’s geology, climate and ecosystems today.

1867 10th century and forward For centuries, stone has been used as a building material, as it is one of our most abundant resources.

The invention of dynamite revolutionizes the way we build.

- What did we do with all the masses?!

1950s Stockholm subway expansion, the modern city!

Quarries Our city need million tons of stone, most of it comes from here, and is used in concrete production.

13 million tons of ston Estimated number of being extracted from infrastructure projects.

4 million coming from of the new subway tun

-W

Timeline collage caption

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PAST

PRES

nes stone masses large ongoing

“ Natur och stad har länge setts som varandras motsatser, men det är en gränsdragning vi behöver göra oss av med.”

- Erik Andersson, Stockholm Resilience Centre

the expansion nnels.

What will we do with all the masses this time?!

SENT

Use them efficiently, right now they are planning to build an island on concrete poles, why not use the stones?

- Luc Pages, Trafikverket.

Future wetlands Can be used to clean the water from washed stones.

Stone skyskrapers Bearing structures built in stone reduces the carbon footprint by 45 to 90 %.

Learning from the past Can we find new solutions by looking backwards in time?

“ The wetlands have an endeless capacity of cleaning wastewater.”

- Karin Nilsson, Löten Wetlands

FUTURE

29

UNDER THE SURFACE Ida Laaksonen, Torbjörn Winroth and Marvin Palmgren

What The qualities of our waters are both good and bad. If we were to take a look at the chemical status of Stockholms water bodies through the lens of the municipal mapping “kemisk status”, or chemical status, we get a quite bleak, alarmistic map over almost all the water bodies. But when we looked in to the number more closely we realise there are only one or at the most two chemicals that exceed the threshold levels and they are practically the sole responsible chemicals for the bleak map.

The mapping also shows us where these outlets are located in the region of Stockholm and as such, where the storm water enters our water bodies. Rålambshovsparken is a park on Kungsholmen that we also researched and there a natural way of handling storm water has been installed as the park prior to this has been flooded through rain torrents. Therefore the storm water has moved on top of the ground instead of having been cleaned through the porous soil of the park.

Even today we have some sort of “shove it under the mat” system in place when it comes to storm water. The rain water that hits our buildings and the hard surfaces surrounding them absorb and flush away a lot of pollutants that are accumulating on these surfaces. The storm water is a key factor in how polluted the waters of Stockholm are and could be and today about half of it is cleaned before entering the water bodies.

Rålambshovsparken testing the possibility of using floating wetlands as a means to clean the water.

A natural and less maintenance heavy solution to the problem.

Why Our way of living today create a lot of waste and pollutants that needs to be taken care of. Historically we handled much of that through disposing of it in the water bodies around us in a sort of “if we can’t see it, it doesn’t exist”-menatlity.

What we have come to realise is that this is not a sustainable method for handling waste, nor for the natural envrionment but also not for ourselves as we use these waters for drinking water and because we rely in many ways on the natural envrionment to be healthy. Some industries are still polluting the waters through outlets and through aerial pollutants.

The most problematic chemicals that can be found in the waters today are mainly Zinc, a chemical that comes from boat paint, bio-power plants and the pulp industry, but also PFOS which comes from fire retardants (and is such released during fire drills) and is used for water repellant and low friction materials such as umbrella fabrics, clothes, cartons and frying pans.

The other side of the same coin, Brunnsvikens old “pacemaker” trying to deal with the water pollution in a more technical way and seeing as it is still one of our most polluted water bodies - does it really work?

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POSTGLACIAL CLAY/MUD

N

­=< 0.002 mm Permeability: Low Clay is a sediment from the bottom of seas or lakes. Clay consists mostly of water. It has a very large ability to retain water and water flow through clay is very slow. Mud is a type of soil that is formed by decomposing plant or animal remains.

GLACIAL CLAY ­ .002 - 0.06 mm 0 Permeability: Low Clay that originates from the glacial period. Clay consists mostly of water. It has a very large ability to retain water and water flow through clay is very slow.

POSTGLACIAL SAND AND GRAVEL Sand: 0.063 - 2.0 mm Permeability: Medium Gravel: 2.0 - 63 mm Permeability: High Sand is a fine-grained granular material from rocks that usually consists mainly of silica and silicates. Sand from most points of view can be considered as a water-permeable material with relatively low compressibility. Gravel is bigger and water-permeable.

MORAINE Particles <0.002 to blocks >600 mm Permeability: High The moraine is a type of soil formed by a glacier or ice sheet. The soil type is characterized by an unsorted mixture of different particle sizes, from clay particles to blocks.

ELECTRICITY CABLES

CRYSTALLINE BEDROCK Permeability: none (high in crevices) The crystalline bedrock is dominated by gneisses and granites.

May be exposed or covered with soil. Groundwater is found in these rocks in cracks.

FLUVIO-GLACIAL SEDIMENT 2,0 mm – 63,0 ,mm Deposition consisting of blocks, stones, gravel and sand transported and deposited by meltwater from glaciers. These glacial sediments are characterized by that the particles are generally rounded.

LAND FILL / RECLAMATION Constructed land area that was previously filled with water.

SHIPWRECK Many ship wrecks exist throughout Stockholm and especially in central city waters. These must be evaluated and kept in mind if construction start.

OVERFLOW DRAIN With the risk to overflow and release sewage water during heavy rain fall.

EMERGENCY DRAIN Emergency valve for sewage water in the event of a pump station breakdown.

STORMWATER OUTLET Outlet of rain water and thawing water accumulated from roofs and other hard surfaces.

SURFACE WATER POLLUTANTS Better

WATER PIPES SEWAGE PIPES

Worse

Surface water pollutants per water body This table presents the chemical surface water thresholds and levels of a range of substances deemed important by the EU and the state. These are accounted for when ecological status and chemical status is decided. The waters around Stockholm generally can see very low levels of the substances and swimming in them should be safe. The coastal waters are seeing too high levels of zinc. Almost all water bodies have way to high levels of PFOS, an organic, poisonous substance which is believed to not degrade in the natural environment.

Copper Led Cadmium Nickel Zinc Chromium PFOS

Levels that are above the approved threshold

Coastal water limit

Saltsjön

Brunnsviken

Lilla Värtan

Sea water limit

Bällstaån

Trekanten

Ulvsundasjön

Råcksta träsk

Riddarfjärden

Årstaviken

Fiskarfjärden

Görväln

Långsjön

Flaten

0.87 1.3 0.2 8.6 1.1 3.4 0.13

0,81 0.02 0.09 1.6 2.0 0.3 1.91

0.83 0.07 0.05 1.4 3.3 0.4 4.73

0.83 0.02 0.02 1.4 2.5 0.4 1.56

0.5 1.2 0.09 4.0 5.5 3.4 0.65

0.15 0.01 — 0.74 2.49 — 11.0

0.13 0.01 0.006 0.47 1.41 — 2.56

0.1 0.00 0.04 0.75 0.51 0.1 2.7

0.1 0.00 0.01 0.36 1.56 0.1 2.58

0.09 0.00 0.005 0.7 0.39 0.1 2.33

0.08 0.00 0.004 0.75 0.33 0.1 2.8

0.07 0.01 0.01 0.68 0.29 0.1 2.6

0.07 0.00 0.01 0.72 0.2 0.1 2.63

0.06 0.00 0.005 0.5 0.9 0.1 1.33

0.05 0.00 0.006 0.42 0.33 — 1.94

µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l ng/l

µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l ng/l

µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l ng/l

µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l ng/l

µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l ng/l

µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l ng/l

µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l ng/l

µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l ng/l

µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l ng/l

µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l ng/l

µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l ng/l

µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l ng/l

µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l ng/l

µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l ng/l

µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l ng/l

Drevviken

Magelungen

Judarn

0.04 0.00 0.004 0.81 0.42 0.1 5.81

0.03 0.00 0.004 0.55 0.53 0.1 4.78

0.02 0.00 0.007 0.11 0.28 0.1 0.8

µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l ng/l

µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l ng/l

µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l ng/l

Kyrksjön

Stora Essingen

0.00 0.00 0.004 0.07 0.15 0.1 0.57

— — — — — — 12

µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l µg/l ng/l

ng/l

31

UNDER THE SURFACE How The waters also suffer from eutrophication which can be summed up as an overnurtured state caused by excess phosphorous. This is sometimes helped by releasing aluminium in to the water body which then provokes sedimentation of the phosphorous, leaving it to lie on the bottom of the lake and there it is left out of the hazardous system that contributes to eutrophication. This process has been used in for instance Brunnsviken and Djurgårdsbrunnsviken but does not prevent new phosphorous to be added in to the water body from other sources such as from storm water.

Salton Sea cleaning proposal by Lateral Office.

The biggest cause for contamination and eutrophication is factory waste and fertilisers from farms. To reduce the impact of these things several solutions can be applied to these problems. In the lake of Brunnsviken the waters contains high level of phosphorus which leads to oxygen deficiency bottom water. To improve water exchange, the water is periodically pumped out to Lilla Värtan in an effort to remove phosphorus and oxygen deficient water.

Another new method is to add aluminium to the water to remove the phosphorus. Phosphorus reacts chemically with the aluminum to form a stable compound that falls to the bottom of the lake. This prevents the compound to spread in the water and can no longer contribute to the eutrophication.

The Salton Sea is another contaminated lake. Here, the salinity is so high that the waters become unhabitable. To reduce the salinity, a proposal has been made to extract the salt and sell it for economical gain. This is a win-win situation where there is both economical and ecological winnings for the area.

Different pools that deal with different tasks of cleaning, increasing habitat and more.

Methods for handling stormwater is an other big problem.

Parks are areas which have widly has widely applied interesting strategies to reduce toxins from stormwater.

Bioretention beds have shown good results as for reducing the pollutants from traffics, of the storm water. In the park Rålambshovsparken in Stockholm floating wetlands has also been used around the shorelines to consume toxins from nearby traffic. This also helps to reduce eutrophication along the beaches.

Washed up dead fish caused by the increased salinity.

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Man-made Salton Sea, California.

Rålambshovsparken Diagrams - Water depth 5 hours after rain.

Inlets and inflows.

Rain water diagram overview showing Rålambshovsparken working like a big outlet before the water reaches Riddarfjärden.

Rålambshovsparken Ecosystem Section

33

UNDER THE SURFACE Under the surface Artificial reef

Rålambshovsparken Projection - Bioretention Pools

34

Rålambshovsparken Projection - Artificial Reef

Under the surface Bioretention wetland

Rålambshovsparken Projection - Bioretention Wetlands

35

UNDER THE SURFACE

UNDER THE SURFACE Urbanism and Landscape Studio Teachers: Ania Öst and Hanna Erixon Aalto Students: Marvin Palmgren, Ida Laaksonen, Torbjörn Winroth

“I think that we will look back on this period just as we look back at the sea ethics commercial from 1965 and be like... is it true that they dumped the dirty snow masses into our drinking water?”

- Fredrik Johansson, Rena Mälaren

“The authorities categorizes it as garbage but it’s still being dumped into the water” - Fredrik Johansson, Rena Mälaren

“Ten percent of the population lived in cities in the early 1800s. The streets and gutters served as dumps here. At best, the waste was placed in a pit in the courtyard. This led to cholera reaching Sweden in 1834.”

The tradition was to clean after the winter and in the spring place all the rubbish on the ice and then see how it disappeared under the surface.

“I think that we will look back on this period just as we look back at the sea ethics commercial from 1964 and be like.... is it true that they dumped the dirty snow masses into our drinking water?”

Actor: The common person The street was considered the place where you could throw out everything you wanted to get rid of in the household. There could be a bucket of slush water, a bucket of ash from the fireplace, a dead dog or cat and much more.

The citizens dumped everything from fenders to batteries in the water, even some of the garbage that was put out on the city streets eventually made its way into the water.

800 000 m3 of snow yearly gets dumped in the sea for the time being. This is polluted with microplastic, copper and car emissions, to name a few. This waste is on the verge of being an invisible pollutor that might fly under the radar for many of us.

Actor: The common person

I am very aware of the most tangible pollu anything in the water (unless I am drunk). pollution that is embedded with each thing water and my paper pollutes through the p

Today we still find the trash that has been thrown in the water for decades. Most of what is found is quite old but there are still additions being made with electrical scooters being one of the most prominent.

All kinds of waste leaking out chemicals in our drinking water.

36

PAST

PRES

“The artificial reef will increase the biodiversity” - Juha Salonsaari, Miljöförvaltningen

utors, I would not visibly pollute and would not throw . What I have a harder time reacting to is the invisible g I buy. My clothes might inadvertently put PFOS in the pulp factory.

SENT

An inflexible bureaucracy hinders grassroot movements to freely work with institutions. An example is when the head of Rena Mälaren, Fredrik Johansson, would go recycle the seabed trash he picked up and ran into patrol telling him he can not throw away more than four tires as there are regulations prohibiting that.

Actor: The common person As we have grown more aware of the less visible pollutors we have reacted, slowly but steadily consumed less and better to enable less human interventions to aid us in cleaning the waters. Our government has reorganised and regulated which has made it easy for us to do the right thing.

Autonomous technology has less and less to clean and is rarely seen coasting the waters.

Activists educate us about the invisble pollutors. They can work with flexibility and engage people through different platforms. They help bring topics to light that the government then react upon.

Reefs have been added in a much larger scale than we have done before. Ecosystems are efficient enough to clean the pollutants that are still let out into nature. By creating the means for floating reefs to grow we clean the water and create habitats for oysters, mussels and fish.

Fish have started to return thanks to the water been less polluted.

Layers from above:

Activist groups such as Rena Mälaren and more have gone through some significant upgrades.

1. Wild grass bed 2. Gravel 3. Plant soil 4. Mineral soil 5. Bio-choal 6. Larger stones 7. Purified water outlet The pollutions of today are much more sneaky and tend to drift under the radar. Pulp industries have been found to let polluted water out in the seas through pipes such as these. As long as we cant see it we can not act on it.

FUTURE

37

LEGAL BOUNDARIES Oscar Guibentif, Alexander Noworzyn and Gabriel Stuart

The large and quite abstract topic of legal boundaries in the area of the Stockholm Municipality can be interpreted in many different ways and on different scales, as every certain aspect of analysis can deliver their own particular information.

Therefor the first step working on this project, after initially collecting information of all kind, was to narrow down the material to the following key points of research, that should be explained and visually displayed in the map: - Allemansrätten - Everybody’s right - Different kind of protected areas on land and water and their history - Landownership in Stockholm and of Stockholm as a landowner - ‘The Stockholm Model’ in site development Talking about legal boundaries in Stockholm or Sweden in general it was important to the group to lay out the basic principle of the ‘Allemansrätten’ (in English: Everybody’s right), Everyones right The basic concept of access to wildlife and nature in Sweden is that you are allowed to walk at anyones land without permission. however, there are rules: stay clear of private dwellings, only pitch tents where permitted. not light fires near rocks or where there is a risk of spreading, not litter, not leave signs of human waste, not cause damage to forests or countryside, always close gates, not pick endangered flowers, stay aware of rules regarding protected areas, keep dogs under control, be concious about other people and wild animals, swim where its allowed, drive where permitted.

Protected areas.

In total, 15% of Swedens land and sweet water bodies are under permanent protection. 97% of this area is protected by the enviromental code.12% of Swedens sea water is under protection of the same code.

Permanent protection under the enviromental code is divided by the following sub divisions:

National Park (None in the stockholm municipality) State owned. In ordered to be concidered national park, area must: - represent vast and unique Swedish landtypes -1000ha - Main part concistent of original - concidered a visitor attraction - High natural values - be protected aswell as without harm being able to be used for research, outdoor life and turism Each national park has its own rules for what you are allowed to do while in the Park. “Everyones right” does not apply in national parks.

Natural reserves The most common land protection. Just as national parks each natural reserve has its own rules for what you are allowed to do while in the reserve. The purpose for natural reserves are to: - reserve biological multitude -care for and protect valuable nature environments -offer space for outdoor life -protect, restore or develop valuable nature environments -protect, restore or develop habitats for valuable species Natural care protection areas Same kind of protection as natural reserve, other regulations regarding responsibility of maintenance. Not by county.

Biotope protection areas Protection is divided into a specific and general section: Specific: Smaller area which serves as habitat for endangered plant-/ animal species, or other valuable species. No activities that could cause dammage are allowed.

General: All avenues springs, brooks, stone munds, cairns and islets outside of dence cities are concidered biotope protection areas.

Nationalstadspark Area protected to serve purpose for culture, nature and recreational activities as a national interest. Each park has its own developed plan how to sustain all natural life.

38

Royal Palace, Norrström

1890-1965 Proests at Gärdet

STRATEGIC MAP OF STOCKHOLM Legal boundaries

land water Property in Stockholm Municipality District boarder

Internal and communal boarder

Natural reserve Protected by Enviromental code (Miljöbalken) chapter 7, 4-6 paragraph Natura 2000 area (EUs habitats directive, SCI) Natural monument (naturminne) Protected by Enviromental code (Miljöbalken) chapter 7, 10 paragraph Cultural reserve Protected by Enviromental code (Miljöbalken) chapter 7, 9 paragraph

Cultural area of national interest Protected by Enviromental code (Miljöbalken) chapter 3-4 Nationalstadspark Protected by Enviromental code (Miljöbalken) chapter 4.

7 paragraph Water protection area Protected by Enviromental code (Miljöbalken) chapter 7.

Outdoor life- area (fridluftliv) Protected by Enviromental code (Miljöbalken) chapter 4 Mobile outdoor life- area (rörligt fridluftliv) Protected by Enviromental code (Miljöbalken) chapter 4 Shore protection marker, 100m (-1975) Shore protection marker, 300m (-1975)

Stockholm landownership outside municipality boarder Stockholm municipality Municipality boarder

Evolution over time of surface of protected areas in Stockholm Area in hectares

2500 2000 1500 1000 500 0 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Nationalstadsparken Nature reserves Cultural reserves

Evolution over time of the surface of protected areas in Stockholm

39

LEGAL BOUNDARIES

Natura 2000 Network of areas around EU with the goal to save endangered species and plants. Each area has its own developed plan how to sustain all natural life. In this area a permit is needed to run businesses/activities that could be harmfull for species.

Natural Monument single natural elements such as trees, boulders etc.protected by the enviromental code.

Water protection area The protections exists to ensure habitats of species, biological multitude and local cultural values in water. the majority och areas are sweet water bodies, as they are a crucial source for drinking water and concidered in extra need of protection to prevent risk of toxins and decease to spread. In a water protection areas permits are required to run a business and to perform activities that could be harmfull. Signs are put along roads passing through water protection areas to prevent fuel etc to spread in case of accidents.

Plan of the Gröna Lund/ Beckholmen area

Shore line protection: Under the seventh chapter of the Environmental Code, the general shore protection applies to the land and water area within 100 meters of the shoreline (sea, lakes and watercourses) to ensure the conditions for the public’s outdoor life and to preserve good living conditions for animal and plant life. However, the county administrative boards have the opportunity to extend the beach protection up to 300 meters.

Expansion shall take place if necessary to ensure one of the purposes of shore protection. It was introduced in Sweden in the 1950’s. Within a shore protection area you are not permitted: to construct, make changes or change the use of buildings or add facilities or devices, if it will hamper public access to areas where people otherwise would have been permitted to visit freely, to dig out, or carry out other preparatory work, for buildings, facilities or devices, to take measures that significantly changes the life conditions for animal or plant species.

Oak ecosystem collage

40

Baltic Sea ecosystem collage

System Section: Gröna Lund/ Beckholmen

41

LEGAL BOUNDARIES Oak Island Refuge

Oak Islands Refuge: Sketch Section

As connection to the rich oak forest of the Nationalstadspark, small isolated islands covered with oaks are introduced just outside Beckholmen and Gröna lund. Oaks being slow growing, valuable and important as hubs for a variery of species, are left isolated without access through bridges or boats, exclusively for the benefit of nationalstadsparken and surrounding environment.

The oaks connect to the enviromental network of species and plants located in nationalstadsparken, providing for secluded space, unaccessable for humans. The goal of the ‘Oak Island Refuge’ project is to create artificial islands in the sea where Oaks and several other species can flourish again and create an isolated, self-regulating biotope.

Shipwreck park

Oak Islands: Perspective

The excess stone masses are used as water dams to cut of a portion of the lake between Kastellholmen, Skeppsholmen and Djurgården. As part of showing Swedens rich marinal history, the water between the dams is lowered, allowing for ancient shipwrecks to emerge. As environmentally beneficial purpose the shallow water around the shipwrecks is grown into a dense wetland, creating habitats for multitude of new species. Half a meter above the wetland, wooden walkways strech across and around the enclosed dam and captured shipwrecks, allowing for Stockholmers and to tourists to enjoy the Shipwreck park.

Shipwreck Parc: Sketch Section

Key islands

Key Islands: Perspective

42

Key Islands: Sketch Section

As a continuation of shoreline outside of Gröna Lund, the excess stone is placed as a second shoreline ”key islands” connecting with adjacent shorelines on both sides of the amusement parks property enabling accessability and walks along Djurgårdens southern coastline. Apart from enabling shoreline protection and everyones right, the thin key island procects the natural shoreline from erosion aswell as providing shallow water habitats for amphibians, birds, insects, like a corridor of wetland along the coast.

´Shipwreck Park: Perspective

43

LEGAL BOUNDARIES

1527 Riksdag of the estate in Västerås Beginning of the reformation process

by Gustav Wasa Olaus Petri 1493-1552 Major Contributor to the Swedish Reformation & First archbishop to the church of sweden

1919 Only landing of a zeppelin Sweden

2018 The beginning of Greta Thunbergs climate 28th February 1986 The murder of Prime Minister Olof Palme

The Vasa ship sunk 10th August 1628

19th June 1976 The wedding of King Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden and Miss Silvia Sommerlath

1890-1965 1st May demonstrations in Gärdet

44

1825 Makalös-Palaces is destroyed

1897-1905 Riksdags-building is built

PAST

1923 Stockholm Town Hall is built

PRES

2019 First Scandinavian edition of Lollapalooza Stockholm 2016 Apples Flagship store loses its building permit in Kungsträdgården

1971 Battle of the Elms Kungsträdgården

e strike

SENT

1987 Riots in Kungsträdgården

1976 Norrström was sanitized, Salmon and Trout introduced

FUTURE

45

THE EDGE ZONE Mats Andersson, Gustav Björling and Clas Sundberg

Water is a great part of the identity of Stockholm. The water is easily accessible for its inhabitants thanks to the shore line protection. Most of the city’s built environment does not border directly on the shore line, instead leaving it accessible to its inhabitants. Many green areas also border to the waterbodies and continues up to become forests and nature reserves. In order to study Stockholms shoreline a good overview is first required.

Many of the industrial areas are being transformed into residential and commercial areas today. During this reconstruction the biodiversity of the shoreline can be taken into account. In the projections we aim to give inspiration of how this could be achieved.

Mountain

Långholmen

Klippbadet Gröndal

Morain

Skeppsholmen

Trekanten

Peat/Mud

Judarn

Kyrksjön

Filling

Stadsgårdshamnen

Nybrokajen

Sand/Gravel

Ekonomiudden

Ekotemplet

Silt/Clay

Djurgårdsbrunnsviken

Ängbybadet

The accessibility can not be taken for granted, it needs to be ensured for future generations.

What The different colors of the shoreline that are represented in the map is the variation of soils along the coast. It’s important to study the types of ground along the waterside in order to understand future movements and changes in the ground over time. Along shorelines one would often discuss the risk of erosion. Erosion is something that happen along beaches, coasts, lakes, and watercourses as well as slopes on land.

One common cause of this effect is that the water, through movement, is processing the coast lines and bottoms, creating and transporting loose material elsewhere.

By adding information on erodibility it appears that certain soil types are exposed to erodibility. That means that the areas marked with a yellow and purple line are areas that could be threaten in case of changed water conditions.

The black lines represent artificial ground and makes up a total of 44 % of all shorelines in Stockholm. This is usually found in the central parts of the city. These areas are normally accessible to people but is not a good habitat for animals.

Why Having access to natural marine life can strengthen people’s awareness of the environment. It would also have an educational purpose, equally available to all Stockholmers.

Below you will see examples of the the different types and the location of those coast-types.

46

47

THE EDGE ZONE

The system section shows how various human activities effect the environment at Masthamnen. Noise and air pollution are two major issues on this site. The emissions released by the traffic create acid rain that has a negative impact on both water and land.

The hard-made edge created to serve the boat industry creates a one-sided habitat that fish and other waterliving spieces dislike.

How can the hard-made edge be transformed to benefit more actors? Both human and non-human.

48

EXISTING CONDITIONS

ALTERNATIVES

FUTURE PROJECTIONS

GREEN VERTICAL ACCESS

How - Londonviadukten The proposal is based on the existing site conditions. The impacts of the port operations in the area, such as noise problems and hard-made surfaces, are taken into account. Together with the nearby motorway, they create a one-sided and unnatural habitat for many plants and animals. The few existing green areas will be strengthened and connected.

By using the masses from the nearby excavation point, the motorway can be covered and the shoreline extended to create more buildable land. This is done to meet the demand for new housing in the city.

The mass is also used to create an artificial island, the so-called Stockholm Beachpark.

The island will be an attractive place, for both humans and animals, where natural habitats are in focus. The artificial island creates a protected water space, shielded from port activities. Here, animals and nature can thrive in harmony with urban life.

To tackle the height differences in the area and connect it to the surrounding buildings, so-called green vertical communications are created. Here, the quality of the topography as a bird habitat is utilized and reinforced to create new urban hybrids. The area is characterized by innovation and new urban solutions. The new Noble Center acts as a catalyst for the new district, which is being developed in line with its values.

A new waterfront district in the heart of Stockholm.

NEIGHBORHOOD CONNECTIONS

NEIGHBORHOOD CONNECTIONS

PROBLEMS

PROTECTED WATER

NEW NOBEL MUSEUM

LITTLE OR NO ACCESS TO WATER FÅGÄNGAN

HARD EDGES AND SURFACES WITH ONE SIDED HABIAT NOISE POLLUTION

GREEN CORRIDOR

Londonviadukten today

HEAVY TRAFFIC PORTSTREET

VIKING LINE PORT

POTENTIALS/QUALITIES

FUTURE PROJECTION: LONDONVIADUKTEN RESIDENTIAL AND COMMERCIAL AREA

WATER FRONT - ATTRACTIVE SITE CENTRAL LOCATION

SEMI-HARD EDGES WITH LIVING WATERS

SOME GREEN AREAS THAT COULD BE STRENGTHEN

EXISTING CONDITIONS

FUT

ALTERNATIVES

Lorem Ipsum

Lorem1Ipsum Alternative - More exploitation

SOLUTIONS USING MASSES TO COVER STREET MAKE GREEN CONNECTION STOCKHOLM BEACH PARK

MAKE ACCESS TO WATER PROTECT AREAS FROM NOISE AND DISTURBANCE GREEN VERTICAL CONNECTIONS TO NEIGHBORHOOS AREAS NOBEL PRICE MUSEUM COULD ACT AS A CATALYST

NEW RESIDENTIAL ISLAND

PROBLEMS

FUTURE PROJECTION: LONDONVIADUKTEN

LITTLE OR NO ACCESS TO WATER HARD EDGES AND SURFACES WITH ONE SIDED HABIAT

NOISE POLLUTION

Alternative 2- Less exploitation

EXISTING CONDITIONS

ALTERNATIVES

Londonviadukten today

FUTURE PROJECTIONS

HEAVY TRAFFIC

REFERENCES

The proposal is based on the existing site conditions. The impacts of the port operations in the area, such as noise problems and hard-made surfaces, are taken into account. Together with the nearby motorway, they create a one-sided and unnatural habitat for many plants and animals. The few existing green areas will be strengthened and connected.

POTENTIALS/QUALITIES By using the masses from the nearby excavation point, the motorway can be covered and the shoreline extended to create more buildable land.

WATER FRONT - ATTRACTIVE SITE This is done to meet the demand for new housing in the city. The mass is also used to create an artificial island, the so-called Stockholm Beach Future Projection, Londonviadukten PROBLEMS park. The island will be an attractive place, for both humans and animals, where natural habitats are in CENTRAL focus.LOCATION The artificial island creates a GREEN AREAS THAT COULD BE protected water space, shielded from port activities. Here, animals and nature can thrive in harmony withSOME urban life.

FUTURE PROJECTION: LONDONVIADUKTEN

LITTLE OR NO ACCESS TO WATER

PROTECTED WATER

STRENGTHEN

FÅGÄNGAN

HARD AND SURFACES WITH buildings, so-called green vertical communications are created.

To tackle the height differences in the area and connect it EDGES to the surrounding ONE SIDED HABIAT Here, the quality of the topography as a bird habitat is utilized and reinforced to create new urban hybrids.

NOISE POLLUTION

GREEN CO

Alternative 1 - More exploitation

Londonviadukten today

FUTURE PROJECTIONS EXISTING CONDITIONS ALTERNATIVES The area is characterized by innovation and new urbanHEAVY solutions.

TRAFFIC The new Noble Center acts as a catalyst for the new district, which is being SOLUTIONS developed in line with its values.

USING MASSES TO COVER STREET MAKE GREEN CONNECTION

A new waterfront district in the heart of Stockholm.

MAKE ACCESS TO WATER

POTENTIALS/QUALITIES PROBLEMS LITTLE OR NO ACCESS TO WATER

WATER FRONT - ATTRACTIVE SITE

Urbio, Vertikalparker GREEN VERTICAL ACCESS

CENTRAL LOCATION

GREEN VERTICAL CONNECTIONS TO PROTECTED WATER NEIGHBORHOOS AREAS

SOME GREEN AREAS THAT COULD BE STRENGTHEN

NOBEL PRICE MUSEUM COULD ACT AS A CATALYST

Urbio, Tornse

NEIGHBORHOOD VIKING LINE CONNECTIONS

NEIGHBORHOOD CONNECTIONS

PROTECT AREAS FROM NOISE AND DISTURBANCE

FÅGÄNGAN

HARD EDGES AND SURFACES WITH ONE SIDED HABIAT NOISE POLLUTION HEAVY TRAFFIC

GREEN CORRIDOR

Londonviadukten today Present Condition of Londonviadukten

SOLUTIONS USING MASSES TO COVER STREET MAKE GREEN CONNECTION

POTENTIALS/QUALITIES

MAKE ACCESS TO WATER PROTECT AREAS FROM NOISE AND DISTURBANCE

Alternative 1 - More exploitation Alternative Future Projection 1

Alternative 2- Less exploitation Alternative Future Projection 2 PORTSTREET

The proposal is based on the existing site conditions. The impacts of the port opera surfaces, are taken into account. Together with the nearby motorway, they create a mals. The few existing green areas will be strengthened and connected. 49 VIKING LINE PORT

STOCKHOLM BEACH PARK

By using the masses from the nearby excavation point, the motorway can be covered NEW RESIDENTIAL ISLAND

RESIDENTIAL AND COMME

THE EDGE ZONE

Section of present Alvik Strand.

50

How - Alvik Strand

This proposal covers the water-room between Alviks stand, Lilla- & Stora Essingen, and Kristineberg.

These areas are all separeted by major traffic routs and by tramway, which isolate them from its thought context.

The impacts of stormwater from the the motorway and from the surrounding hard cliffs makes the water becoming polluted.

It is an ongoing development of Alvik, and on both Essingeöarna that could include an higher level of biodiversity by using stone masses. By adding masses on shallow water, which would not affect the boath traffic; since its already limited by the shallow water. Instead, by creating several small islands they would act as a barrier to the more cental islands and protect them from both waves and from noise.

Future Projection, Alvik Strand.

These new islands can be habitats for animals and wetlands can start emerge between these islands and clean the stormwater. This would create a new identity in a centrally located site in Stockholm and become one attractive destination for humans to explore.

A

A

How - Norr Mälarstrand

In the projection to the right, an emphasis has been put on trying to achieve a balance between the different stakeholders in an urban landscape. It aims to give an example of how stone mass from excavations of the new infrastructure in Stockholm can be used to create something versatile in terms of benefits. How can we make a project that humans can enjoy and make use of whilst at the same time create something that would be beneficial for the animal habitats?

NEW MASS FROM EXCAVATIONS

CURRENT LANDMASS

SECTION A-A SCALE 1:500 - A3

Future Projection, Norr Mälarstrand

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THE EDGE ZONE

Stockholm was founded and will become an important trading city, a transhipment point for merchandise. A wall surrounded the city and harbors and ships are a common sights. Trade i.e fish markets takes place in connection to the water.

52

Industries are emerging. Wooden harbors are replaced by stone harbors and further expansion in order to facilitate a larger need of goods and traffic.

The 19th century brings along a transformation in the forms of labour, Stockholm is expanding its railways and machines start to help the transportation of goods and to further increase the mining business of Sweden.

PAST

Stockholm is not as dependent on sea transport, ports move from the inner city. Cruise ships in Stockholm will soon connect to onshore power.

Housing is being established in ol areas. Land remediation is requir tors are introduced.

PRES

ld ports and industrial red. New types of ac-

SENT

Water edges are made available to the public. Stockholm’s shorelines have many bathing spots and walkways.

In the future Stockholms shorelines are now also habitats for animals and plants.

These are used for educational purposes, recreation and for the local economy.

FUTURE

A new type of urban nature that is multifunctional has emerge and humans and animals finally live in symbiosis.

53

CLIMATE CHANGE

Julia Nordholm, Bingrong Huo, Martin Lättman and Lukas bachsoliani

What

Why

Climate change is a global issue. In addition to social or economic aspects, climate change also caused many problems in ecology, such as wetland loss and coastal erosion.

Among them, sea level rise and flooding have always been one of the important concerns in the landscape and urban field on a global scale. Therefore, the Yellow Ribbon project was proposed to solve the problems caused by climate change.

The global climate is changing and with that comes a lot of consequences, both on a global and a local sale. In Stockholm the climate change will lead to sea level rising and a change in temperature and precipitation. Sea level rising of Östersjön is a problem when land areas get under the water, especially areas exploited by humans and important habitats for life. It is also a problem when new areas get exposed to flooding, areas that earlier were too far away from the sea to get under water in extreme weather. Fast erosion is further a risk in new areas, occasionally or permanent, getting under water.

The design for the entire area has the following three aspects: Firstly, the water. It mainly uses ecological measures to build artificial islands, and combines biological methods to form a sustainable ecological circle. At the same time, mass stones are the main resource for artificial islands, combined with the original rich seawater sediment on the site and artificial supplementation, enables the shaping of the islands to have a “growth” process as the sea level rises.

Secondly, the shoreline. In response to sea level rise, urban flexible shoreline design is mainly focused on blocking and dissolving floods to a certain extent. Combined with landscape design, resilient wetland is a good choice. In addition, wet vegetation is planted to expand the wetland area. The wetland is submerged when the flood comes, and the wet vegetation will play a function of dissolving the flood and slowing down the water potential. Specifically, there are different landscape designs in projections, like landscape ladder, riverside walkway, small bridge and elevated walkway. The main purpose is to create a green connection between two sides of the river bank, enabling animals to move freely.

Finally, the theoretical thoughts. On macro aspects, there are many factors that have a subtle influence on the entire area.

Besides the original ecosystem here, the influence might be caused by public infrastructure that needs to be taken into consideration, such as the stormwater management system, groundwater system and fresh water system.

Our ultimate goal is not the mastery of nature, or the avoidance of sea level rise. Instead, we seek to understand and work with the processes of nature to create a multi-layered system with the inherent capacity to adapt and change over time.

54

Another big risk in Stockholm is that the water in Östersjön will be at the same level as Mälaren. The fresh water in Mälaren is then in danger. Today it is a source of drinking water for over two million people and a habitat for a lot of different species, which is in risk of disappearing. There is also a risk of salt water getting into the groundwater. In Stockholm the land is still rising from the last ice age. This delays the sea level rising.

Mälaren is today 0.7 meter above Östersjön and the difference is still slowly growing, but in some years it will change. The sea level rising is predicted to become more than the land rising and then the sea level rising will become a problem.

General Connection

It is predicted to be more precipitation in Stockholm, especially in the autumn, winter and spring. There will be more extreme weather and with that some species will have a harder time surviving. The rain will lead to flooding and more erosion.

There is a risk that a lot of areas and buildings will get under water due to substandard systems to handle the storm water in the city.

With the global climate changing the temperature is rising all around the globe. In Stockholm the temperature has already started to rise. A consequence of that is less ice in the winter.

One problem with this is that a lot of animals use the ice in the winter as a way to move over lakes and between islands, to extend their habitats. With less cold weather there will also be more rain instead of snow. The water temperature will rise and with that some species in the water is in risk. With temperature rising there is a greater risk of pests, together with the increased risk of drought in the summer and extreme weather that can destroy the crops, the agriculture is in danger.

Height difference between Lake Mälaren and the Baltic Sea

Reconstructed average temperature, Stockholm 1756-2019 8.0

7.0

6.0

5.0

4.0

3.0 1760

1780

1800

1820

1840

1860

1880

1900

1920

1940

1960

1980

2000

Reconstructed average temperature, Stockholm 1756-2019

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CLIMATE CHANGE How The Yellow Ribbon project was proposed some projections to solve ecological problems caused by climate change: Canal Reef The hard edges along the canal are inviting people to walk and look at the water but there is never a chance to have the connection with it by coming close. Because of that we have proposed to make a reef out of stones on one side of the canal, close to the lock where the canal is wider. The reef makes a safe and more sustainable habitat for fishes and other animals.

A protected area with more possibilities to a richer biodiversity.

Public Lock Area Although Hammarby Lock provides a much needed service for boats, bridging the height difference between Lake Mälaren and Saltsjön, it represents a barrier for humans and animals.

As part of the overall proposal we decided to open up the lock to a public space. In addition, greenery is added to both sides, making it friendly for animals to move around. To further counter habitat fragmentation, we added a rotating bridge on top of the lock, for pedestrians and animals will join the south shores of Södermalm and Årstaskogen Naturreservat.

Hanging Boardwalk The Hanging boardwalk is an elevated walkway under the bridge, conceived with the purpose of helping humans realize the importance of landscape, and pay attention to trivial details around them. The walkway floating above the ground is composed of curved shapes, and shows the value of local natural beauty combined with contemporary art and culture. Therefore, walking on these walkways will be one of the experiences that inspire people to appreciate the natural ambiance that varies with different festivals and seasons.

Sundsta Strandpark Just a one minute walk from the Hammarby lock and right next to Sundsta gård, Sundsta strandpark is proposed. South side of Årstaviken lacks public areas and places to linger on. Being one the most accessible and sunny places along the shoreline it is a great waste of valuable urban space to use it only as a storage hangar for the marina. In contrast, Sundsta strandpark will offer leisure, activities and recreation to the public all year.

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Strategic map

Ecosystem Section

57

CLIMATE CLIMATE CHANGE CHANGE CLIMATE CHANGE

Projections Location Map

Ipsum Lorem LoremIpsum Public Lock Area

14 14 58

Canal reef Canal Reef reef Canal

Hanging boardwalk overview

Canal reef Canal reef Canal reef

Hanging boardwalk Hanging boardwalk Lorem Ipsum

Canal reef Canal reef Canal

Hanging boardwalk Hangingboardwalk boardwalk overview overview Hanging

Lorem Ipsum Sundsta Strandpark

15 59

CLIMATE CHANGE CLIMATE CHANGE

“A realistic scenario is a flooding with a few decimeters more than last year and the subways in Stockholm would be flooded and other areas in and outside of Stockholm would be severely affected.

Long term the worst scenario would be if the sea level rises and gets closer to that of Lake Mälaren.”

- Joakim Holmblom Tisell CLIMATE CHANGE

1642

Urbanism and Landscape Studio, Spring 2021 Teachers: Ania Öst and Hanna Erixon Aalto Students: Lukas Bakhsoliani, Bingrong Huo, Martin Lättman, Julia Nordholm

≈10.000 B.C. In the Ice age all part of Sweden was covered with approximately three kilometers of ice. The growing and melting of the ice along with its weight have shaped our landscape

≈1200

Around the middle of the century, sea level rise is expected to overtake the land level rise. The water level will then be back to the levels of 1990, but rising

The population of Stockholm grew and the village became a

even higher soon after.

city. Earlier Mälaren was a bay of Östersjön but in this time period Mälaren was a lake of its own. The water around Stadsholmen was then the only way into Mälaren, which made it an important place for transport and defence.

and still today shape it in terms of the land rising.

≈900 The island Stadsholmen, today the location of Gamla stan, is the oldest part of Stockholm. Under this century the island became high enough above the sea level to accommodate humans. Before that it looked more

≈1500 When land was rising the path between Mälaren and the salt sea became a chal-

like the outer parts of the archipelago. In this time period the first people

lenge to pass. The difference of the water level in the lake and the sea grew, and

built residences and fishing camps here.

since it also was a narrow path with shallow water, the stream that appeared was affecting the ability to move the ships. They needed to drag the boats, a heavy job, especially in the spring with all the melting water. The only other alternative was to load it all off the ship and then on a new ship.

16 60

PAST

PRES

SENT

“With the current levels and the projections what to take in account is not only the normal sea levels but the storm surges, the extremes, that can bring another up to a meter to the level.

The normal sea levels, they are very predictable, at least for a decade, but the storm seges they come at short notice. ” -Jörgen Öberg

FUTURE

17 61

FLORA & FAUNA (LAND) Beatrice Selander, Malte Didrigkeit, Linnea Fri and Thelma Dethlefsen

What Oaks work as an umbrella species, (where they live, other species also thrive), and hence oak environments are an indicator of a rich ecological life. Spreading routes between the remaining oak groves have begun to disappear, which is troublesome since so many species depend on them. The green arrows indicate a weak linkage between green core areas which animals use to spread, the bigger, the more important. Notably, these arrows stretch beside or around the city, but never through. This is an issue as many species rely on sustainable and safe spreading passages for healthy reproduction (the diagram in the top corner shows how a good weak link could be constructed).

The other main mapping we did was on meadows. Meadows have had a very big part in Swedish tradition, they are important for fulfilling midsummer folklore and meadow flowers are present in many songs (like in Evert Taubes “Sjösala vals”). They are very sensitive to eutrophication and require appropriate mowing (the grass needs to be picked up afterwards). Another way to solve the mowing is to introduce grazing animals to the site.

Gärdet viewed from above

Why Historically oaks were a symbol and property of royalty, they were mainly saved for military purposes in order to build ships. As the soils were regularly ploughed, the ground was loose and much life took place there. People depended on the soil to be healthy to get food. Nature was in charge, rather than man, understanding and respecting the ecology was important. Meadows and round pole fences were a common feature of the landscape, flowers grew in abundance for everyone to pick. In the present moment, hardened surfaces make the soil hard-packed, devoid of much life and at greater risk of flooding. Green areas are built to look good but not to provide habitats for animals. Large green monocultural fields are common and might look green but do not hold room for much diverse life. We are frequently wearing down the green areas we have, both the natural and the man-made, by excessive use such as festivals or mountain biking. We need to realise that we are not in charge of nature. Instead of trying to rule it, we need to care for it.

For example, we can’t pick the flowers the few meadows provide, we have to learn how to enjoy them with other senses like smell and sight.

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“We knew [all the flowers], they were our friends.” “We are nature illiterates.”

“But I think we’re coming back in a full circle. So we understand that this monoculture is no good. Not for us.

Not for anybody... I think our future depends on if we reconnect to nature or not.” “Everything (in the city) is so arranged and perfect. I think that taps into a huge question of man trying to organize nature.”

“Nature has done it’s thing over millions of years... Take away one thing, and don’t see that things role in the whole ecosystem. But we also have to be respectful. But it’s a complex system.”

Rosendahl Trädgård, a cultivated meadow

må ng

Strategic Plan for Stockholm Theme Land/Flora

it u t

Greens

Green Wedges

Green core value areas Oaks

Urgent need for restoration

Restoration nees within 10 years

No need for restoration Grass/Flower

Open fields Weak Links

Weak connections Actions Taken

Strengthened oak environments

hs

e så

mor som redan lom sla b g a

Oc

På ä

no

e! pr ot e

Gull

t

a, viv

cted !

d

el

blo

Meadow taken care of

m,

, ot

Kat tf

Man

n g e n!

h blå vio Oc l.

Diagram: example of thriving weak link several different structures are importent, minimum needed depth 500 m

Grimsta enebacke (Grimsta nature reserve) This is a meadow where many flowers can be found. Maintainance is specifically tuned to the meadows needs. The slope is regurlarly mowed (slåttrad) and the cut hay is picked up.

Road 75 (Årsta)

Hjorthagen (Östermalm)

Road maintenance and traffic have a negative impact on the soil conditions the meadow flower needs (see diagram over overfertilization). Also these open fields are unaccessible/dangerous to apporach for both humans and animals

By planting meadow flowers and providing the right maintanance this patch of grassland could become a meadow. The placement is optimal as it strenghtens weak link between Gärdet and Hjorthagen. A similar patch is being created in the south west part of Gärdet, which implies that the administration of Östermalm is interested in these kind of projects.

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FLORA & FAUNA How In our projections we looked at Ladugårdsgärdet as well Djurgårdsbrunnsviken and Djurgårdsbrunnskanalen.

Currently, Djurgårdsbrunnsviken and the canal are heavily eutrophicated. The water is regularly treated with aluminiumsalt as a coagulant agent to bind phosphor to the soil, which isn’t a sustainable solution as it only works temporarily. The eutrophication mainly comes from polluted stormwater and overflows during heavy rains. Historically Ladugårdsgärdet was an area consisting of both fields and wetlands, since then it has been drained and turned into a monoculture grass field. Through extensive use, the soil is getting more packed which makes it less resilient against flooding. It no longer holds the cleaning abilities of a wetland, meaning the stormwater flows through the grassland and unfiltered gets into the bay and canal.

Our projections show an alternative way of managing the problem of eutrophication. We aimed to create ecological complexes which can help the city’s green and blue structures to become more resilient. Regarding the fauna, we aimed to create habitats for amphibians (wetlands where no fish is present), fish (calm, small bays with grassy sediments where they like to spawn) and pollinators (grazing land where many different flowers grow). Historically Ladugårdsgärdet hosted a world fair, the location was chosen then because Ladugårdsgärdet and Djurgården were vast green spaces in the middle of the city and therefore a location the city was proud of. One projection deals with how you could rethink the world fare and explores it being hosted both in a virtual as well as in a real location.

1794 Forest and wetlands

Ideally, the maps are looked at simultaneously, as these ecological structures of course are intertwined and depend on each other.

The most important thing we learned from this project, and want to communicate, is that the only resilient way forward is to plan with and for nature, not against it.

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Virtual world fare

Phosphorous

Gärdet Timeline

Wetlands at Gärdet

65

FLORA & FAUNA

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PAST

PRES

SENT

FUTURE

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FLORA & FAUNA (WATER)

Beatrice Selander, Matle Didgrigkeit, Linnea Fri and Thelma Dethlefsen

What As Stockholm’s water is mostly brackish many different types of both salt and fresh water fish are found. Although, this also means that it is not the ideal habitat for any of them. Hardened edges, like docks, and an increase in boat traffic further restricts their living and spawning places.

Another problem is that the inner city currents often become unnatural due to the locks, which can disorient the fish. A further issue is of course overfishing, giving, eg, herring a hard time regenerating, which in turn affects the life cycles of other species.

The amphibian network is distinctive in this map, as they are an umbrella species (where they live, other species also thrive). Their network indicates a better water quality, as amphibians are very sensitive to pollutants and acidification (this is visible in the smaller map showing the water quality).

Their habitats are protected with the EU-Species and Habitats Directive which means that the sites must be managed in accordance with the ecological needs of the species (for some specific amphibian species further actions are required). Important to note is that there also needs to be shallow waters for fish, which are vital for them to spawn.

However, these are rapidly decreasing and neglected.

importance of the health of these structures when you don’t see what’s going on, especially for blue structures as it is underwater. We seem to have stopped caring for it, and no longer know it the way we used to do, but we need to start engaging with it again.

Ideally, the maps are looked at simultaneously, as these ecological structures of course are intertwined and depend on each other.

The most important thing we learned from this project, and want to communicate, is that the only resilient way forward is to plan with and for nature, not against it.

Frogs in Råksta swamp

Why Before there was a lot of life going on in the waters. With an abundance of fish, traditional meals could be cooked with what had been fished in the close-by sea. Now the fish stocks are smaller due to overfishing and the polluted waters result in high levels of metals in the fish harmful for children and pregnant women to eat. We no longer have a close relation to the blue structures, which creates an education gap and ignorance regarding the importance of their functions. It is important that we reformulate the relationship with water and start to use our blue structures in a sustainable way. We should aim to engage and educate citizens in underwater structures, by creating new kind of access points, like underwater allotment gardens, the interest and knowledge could increase again. It’s hard to realise the Salmon eggs laid in gravel

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ECOLOGICAL STATUS OF WATER

Strategic plan for Stockholm

Bad

Theme Water / Fauna

Unsatisfactory

Strategic plan for Stockholm

Moderate

WATER

Good High

Shallow Waters

No data

Medium Depth Water

Deep Waters

AMPHIBIANS

Amphibian Network

High Spreading Potential

Moderate Spreading Potential

Low Spreading Potential

FISH & CRAYFISH

IMPORTANT ECOLOGICAL AREAS Core Areas

Pike Areas

Perch Areas

Salmon Areas

Crayfish Areas

Areas needing protection

GREY SEAL

Spreading Areas

Graph: For decades, an average of 150 to 200,000 tonnes of cod were fished per year in the Baltic Sea. The cod stock collapsed. Today, the fishable quota is zero, and will, according to the latest research findings, remain so for many years.

Herring has been and is a symbol of the Baltic Sea, just like cod. The same mistake that we made with cod is about to be repeated with the herring.

The Commission’s proposal is a reduced fishing quota (-36%) for herring in the central Baltic Sea. Hering: black // Cod: dark blue

Grey Seal Locations

Pike Life-Cycle

350 000 300 000 250 000 200 000 150 000 100 000 50 000 0 1980

1984

1988

1992

1996

1980

2004

2008

2012

2016

2019

Salmon Life-Cycle

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FLORA & FAUNA How In our projections we looked at Ladugårdsgärdet as well Djurgårdsbrunnsviken and Djurgårdsbrunnskanalen.

Currently, Djurgårdsbrunnsviken and the canal are heavily eutrophicated. The water is regularly treated with aluminiumsalt as a coagulant agent to bind phosphor to the soil, which isn’t a sustainable solution as it only works temporarily. The eutrophication mainly comes from polluted stormwater and overflows during heavy rains. Historically Ladugårdsgärdet was an area consisting of both fields and wetlands, since then it has been drained and turned into a monoculture grass field.

Through extensive use, the soil is getting more packed which makes it less resilient against flooding. It no longer holds the cleaning abilities of a wetland, meaning the stormwater flows through the grassland and unfiltered gets into the bay and canal.

Our projections show an alternative way of managing the problem of eutrophication. We aimed to create ecological complexes which can help the city’s green and blue structures to become more resilient. Regarding the fauna, we aimed to create habitats for amphibians (wetlands where no fish is present), fish (calm, small bays with grassy sediments where they like to spawn) and pollinators (grazing land where many different flowers grow). Historically Ladugårdsgärdet hosted a world fair, the location was chosen then because Ladugårdsgärdet and Djurgården were vast green spaces in the middle of the city and therefore a location the city was proud of. One projection deals with how you could rethink the world fare and explores it being hosted both in a virtual as well as in a real location.

Pike swimming in the reeds

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Perspective showing floating islands and artificial reefs along Djurgårdsbrunnsviken

Perspective showing the future of Djurgårdsbrunnsviken Canal

Long section through Gärdet and Djurgåardsbrunnsviken

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FLORA & FAUNA “In the beginning when people came here, it must have been such an abundance of fish. You have the whole of Mälaren producing and they came back and forth between the sea.”

“People need to sort of reconnect with everything that is below the surface.” “I would love to see a complete fishing ban in the Baltic.”

“I would try to preserve the areas that we do have that are still highly vegetated, we have sort of a pristine coastal environment and shoreline environment, and by protecting and creating some kind of structures outside that would keep them from eroding even more.”

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PAST

PRES

SENT

FUTURE

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ACTIVITIES

Yunxi Wu, Juntian Lin and Veronika Jalas

What We started out by mapping:out all the the assigned activitie: industries, ports, boat traffic, boat clubs, as well as fisheries and fish markets in all of Stockholm Municipality.

We soon realized that the ports in Stockholm play a big role in today’s society. Not only are they important for transportation of goods, whereas 9 out of 10goods arrive to Sweden by sea, but also for creating workplaces, supporting tourism, and private boat owners, and improving the Swedish economy.

The ports have an important connection to the other activities investigated, and enrich people’s lives daily.

We started investigating what the problems are with the port areas, and soon came to the conclusion that the main problems include some port areas being a part of industrial areas that pollute the water a lot. The port areas also have a lot of hard edges that lead to storm water polluting the water,t leading to fish dissappearing from the waters. Therefore there is no commercial fishing in all Stockholm, only recreational fishing.

other artificial facilities are important infrastructures that open for all people in Stockholm. James Corner wrote in his Terra Fluxus that “ ‘Complex’ is an important term here, and I shall return to it; suffice it to say that for Jensen, as for Olmsted and even for Le Corbusier in his Plan Voisin- this “green complex” comes in the form of parks and green open spaces, accompanied by the belief that such environments will bring civility, health, social equity, and economic development to the city.”

SDG11: Sustainable cities and communities Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable.

Sustainability was one of the primary areas of focus in the design of the water-related district. Sustainable alternatives for managing water, energy and waste were carefully studied at the level of the architecture and infrastructure

Frihamnen 1960

Why Hence, we started looking at if there are ways to make the water in port areas better quality, and somehow fix the pollution issues that we have today. It is important that the water becomes less polluted for other species, but it is also important for humans that the ships exporting and importing goods still can use the ports.

We tried to solve the problems that we mentioned before accourding to the 17 global goals for sustainable development as main reasons: SDG 6: Clean water and sanitation Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all.

SDG 9: Industry, Innovation and Infrastructure Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization, and foster innovation.

Green open spaces themselves with pedestrian paths and Frihamnen 2020

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Ports The ports in Stockholm play a big role in today’s society.

Not only are they important for transportation of goods, whereas 9 out of 10goods arrive to Sweden by sea, but also for creating workplaces, supporting tourism, and private boat owners, and improving the Swedish economy. Studying the historical maps from 1960 we can see that many of the ports and the waterfronts have improved in the last 60 years e.g., in Frihamnen it is easy to see that the port has been not only extruded into the water, but also hardened with concrete, to sustain the great amount of both car and ship traffic.

Strategic Plan for Stockholm

Industries A big part of the industrial areas still in use today, have been established after 1860, when the railroads were introduced in Stockholm, therefore most of the industrial areas in Stockholm are located outside of the city center. A few of the older industrial areas, e.g., Ulvsunda Industriområde, Värtahamnen, and Årstasdalshamnen were placed near the water to be able to easily transport goods over the water as well. What is interesting to see is that some industries built after 1860 still have been built near the waterfront.

Tourist Destinations Stockholm, and Sweden in general is a famous tourist destination. All the ferries in Stockholm have around 11 million passengers a year, which says a lot. The most famous tourist destinations, such as: Gamla stan, Stockholms Castle, Gröna Lund, Skansen to name a few are all accessible by the local ferries, and are all reasonably close to the ports where the Cruise Ships come in.

Arriving and departing ferry passengers 2000, 2005, 2010 and 2012-2018: Stockholm port (in thousands) Over 10.3 million ferry passengers traveled through Stockholm in 2018.

That’s an increase in passengers since 2014, but there were historically larger numbers recorded annually between 2010 and 2013.Finland accounts for most visitors arriving by ferry, followed by the Baltic countries.

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ACTIVITIES How Our site have three main problems. First one is the soil pollution because the oil factory have a negative impact on soil quality .The second one is the cruise contaminates the water. The last one is the artificial edge in port area.

Due to the reasons mentioned above, we came up with three specific solutions respectively. Firstly, create a sea farming space by floating platforms with leisure space. Secondly, rebuild the shoreline by natural green space. Lastly, Transform the oil cisterns to vertical farming space with fish market.

1. Stockholm Cruise Center Frihamnen

2. Magasin 6

5. Magasin III Museum for Contemporary Art

6. Banana Company

Here are the introduction to three porposed projects: 1. Introducing algae- and oyster-farming into Frihamen.

The water in Frihamnen is contaminated by the boat traffic, and the hard edges leave little room for seaweed and fish to live. By using the stone masses to create a more natural edge, we create living space for fish, and by building a bridge with oyster- and algae-farms under, the water can be cleansed from nitrogen and the fish have food to eat.

This bridge can also be used as a public space for leisure activities, such as fishing or sunbathing, but can also be a tourist attraction, where you can look at both the farming and the underwater-life from above through glass-windows, that provide the farming with sunlight. The possibility to see the farming is also a way to provide the citizens of information of how we can clean the water.

1 2

2. Our group decided to transform Loudden port into a sustainable public area for citizens to have more entertainments.

3 4 5 6

The historical buildings are kept. The rest area of Loudden can be transformed into larger green area which is connected with the National Park. The waterfront platform and public stairs are for enjoying the view. The artificial edge can be transformed: Gravels around the edge can be used to protect the river bank and the narrow gaps between stones can provide living space for plants and other microorganism.

8 7

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8. SH Frihamen

4. Cereal Silo

3. Keeping several oil cistern as the memory of the site. The hug oil cistern provides a suitable space for vertical farming.

Planting trees and grass on the bottom of oil tanks to clean the soil pollution. Adding a volume to connect oil tanks and create space for fish market.

9. PDL Center

Site Photos

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7. Mabi Hyrbilar Frihamnen Lastbilar

3. SVT Magasin 4 - Kostym & Rekvisita

Above Water

Above Water

Upside part shows the activities include demolition, local people activities, and freight transportation.

Upside part shows the activities include tourism activities, and freight transportation.

Demolition Facilities & Workers

Local

Tourism

Important Freight Site Transportation Buildings

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Above Water

Upside part maily shows the tourits and tourism facilities whcih include ferry and tour buses beside the cruise center.

Important Freight Site Transportation Buildings

Tourism

Undersurface

Undersurface

Undersurface part shows the one of our main problems: Soil Pollution from the oil industry as well as pollution from the boats and pollution coming in from the hard edges. All of the sections also show erosion from the ships.

Undersurface part shows pollution coming from the hard edges. It also shows that the inner parts of the port stands on stone masses. There is no space for underwater plants to live.

Important Site Buildings

Undersurface

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Undersurface part shows the pollution coming from the boats in port area. Under the outer parts of the ports we can see that the port sits on pillars so it does not interrupt the watercurrent.

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Cereal Silo

Stockholm Cruise Center Frihamnen Cereal Silo

Oil Cistern in Loudden

Magasin 3 Musuem Magasin 7

Magasin 4

Banana Company

Dole

Frihamnen --- Loudden System Section

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ACTIVITIES

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Introducing algae- and oyster-farming into Frihamen.

The water in Frihamnen is contaminated by the boat traffic, and the hard edges leave little room for seaweed and fish to live. By using the stone masses to create a more natural edge, we create living space for fish, and by building a bridge with oyster- and algae-farms under, the water can be cleansed from nitrogen and the fish have food to eat. This bridge can also be used as a public space for leisure activities, such as fishing or sunbathing, but can also be a tourist attraction, where you can look at both the farming and the underwater-life from above through glass-windows, that provide the farming with sunlight.

The possibility to see the farming is also a way to provide the citizens of information of how we can clean the water.

Projection 1

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Keeping several oil cistern as the memory of the site. The hug oil cistern provides a suitable space for vertical farming. Planting trees and grass on the bottom of oil tanks to clean the soil pollution. Adding a volume to contact oil tanks and create space for fish market.

Projection 2

Loudden is located in the southern end of SRS with a total area of 0.49 km2. The eastern area of Loudden has been utilized as an oil depot and harbour since 1920. Due to the industrial using of Loudden, there are lots of oil cisterns in site. As the decommissioning of Loudden is already underway, oil cisterns were dismantled and only part of them remained. The edge of the port was constructed artificially.

Compared to the shore line and river bank in the other side of the river, Loudden’s river edge is harder and not natural.

Our group decided to transform Loudden port into a sustainable public area for citizens to have more entertainments.

The important historical buildings are kept for protecting. The rest area of Loudden can be transformed into a larger green area which can be connected with the National Park of Stockholm. The waterfront platform and public stairs are for sitting and enjoying the view. The artificial edge can be transformed into natural edge: Gravels around the edge can be used to protect the river bank and the narrow gaps between stones can provide living space for plants and other microorganism.

Projection 3

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ACTIVITIES

“Good thing the factories are near the water, it is so easy to transport goods to other countries“

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PAST

“Th a lo are

PRES

here is not a lot happening here, there is ot that can be done to impove the ports eas”

SENT

“The port areas are my favourite place to hang out, you can go to the markets, cafés and even swim now when the water is cleaner“

FUTURE

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PART 2 - PROPOSALS P4 Based on the strategic general plan, a range of proposals for new resilient habitats of Stockholm are developed.

Designing a habitat include shaping physical structures and environments for humans as well as other agents that are grown out of sustainable practices and cultures. The projects display vastly different outcomes and trajectories.

The scale of the projects range from territorial down to the

detail of a living environment.

Together with experts on urban planning, marine technology and biomimicry, innovative concepts and details of how to build in water for human and non-human actors are developed. Artificial reefs, islands, underwater parks, food producing landscapes, networks for boats, roads for pedestrian and cyclists and new neighborhoods on water emerges.

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LADUGÅRDSLANDSVIKEN/VASADJUPET (W)EDGES

Anastasia Bos and Nicole Eggenreich (W)EDGES Anastasia Bos and Nicole Eggenreich

What

How

The green wedge “Järvakilen” ends at Djurgården, in the heart of Stockholm. Our goal is to strengthen the wedge at this point, bringing it further into the city. The main idea is to transform several areas along the coastline optimizing their inefficient use, into green spaces and habitats where nature gets more space to expand inside the city area. While doing this the project also seeks to strengthen the inner core of Stockholm in terms of tourist accessibility, public spaces, living quality, and transportation issues linked to the development of the chosen areas. Therefore we wonder: is it possible to improve the ecological status and strengthen the blue and green wedges in the center of Stockholm while maintaining and creating new public areas for citizens and tourists?

The stone residue from the ongoing subway expansion is the main resource for designing these habitats. We have also investigated the cleaning process of the stone. How it is going to be possible to clean the stone on the site, how we can store the nitrogen-rich washing water and which opportunities an on-site cleaning facility could have in an afterlife.

The sites we have chosen to investigate are the areas between Skeppsholmen-Kastellholmen, Londonviadukten-Stadsgården, and, from the previous project, Blasieholmen-Nybroviken. These sites were chosen because of the potential to develop their hard edge shore using the stone residue from the ongoing subway expansion.

Another reason we chose these sites was due to their proximity to the existing extraction points so that the masses can be used on-site or easily transported by boat, which reduces the transport emissions significantly and prevents the surrounding streets from being damaged by heavy transport traffic.

Why We are in the midst of a global environmental crisis, entire ecosystems are collapsing, we are today facing the sixth mass extinction, and we can experience it globally and locally. Extreme situations call for radical actions. Stockholm is no exception. How we view cities in relation to nature needs to change. This project can be seen as an experiment, radical proposals that have the potential to show the way forward.

We propose new habitats in three areas of the inner city archipelago, as a result of these landscape proposals, the boat traffic needs to be reconsidered.

Therefore a new main harbor is proposed to be situated at Londonviadukten/Stadsgården, covering the needs of Waxholmsbolaget. This idea is also supported by the fact that this site always has had a natural harsh shoreline, more appropriate for Ferry traffic, and less invasive on the existing habitats. This setting also brings tourism to the other side, which today is more of a forgotten place, giving the area around the Photographic Museum “Fotografiska” a more attractive atmosphere.

Instead, we suggest smaller public transport ferries to traffic the inner city, making it more accessible on the water for the public and tourists, and at the same time causing less disturbance to the habitats.

The city’s ideology is to be a “walking city” and we see areas close to the new habitats, which could strengthen this idea as well as contribute to the project. Skeppsbron and the area behind the Modern museum on Skeppsholmen both feel like empty and forgotten places. We suggest that these areas function as temporary sites to bring light to the project, but also adding value to the public.

Perhaps space for exhibition and education about ecology and the city or an open-air food court connected to future marine foods like algae and kelp.

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System map marking potential sites

SITES WITH CAPACITY FOR IMPROVEMENT POSSIBLE SITES FOR ANIMAL HABITATS

Stadsgården/Slussen New Archipelago Fleet Traffic Redistribution

Skeppsbron Algae Food Court Water Filtration & Public Space

Exhaled Water Inhaled Water

Londonviadukten Blue Mussel Quay Water Filtration

Plankton Contaminats Pollution

Filtered Water

Kastellholmen Perch Bay Strengthening Habitats

Skeppsholmen Outdoor Public Space Exhibition - Education

Blasieholmen Pavillion Stone Washing Facility

Nybroviken Pike Beach Strengthening Habitats

Axonometric view of Stockholm marking the investigated areas.

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(W)EDGES EXHIBITION REUSE GABION

STONE EXTRACTION RAISING AWERNESS

STONE WASH

500 000 TON GRAVEL

NEW HABITAT

BUILDING NEW HABITATS ALGAE TANK

FOOD COURT

CLEAN WATER

NITROGEN WATER CREATING NEW PUBLIC SPACE

Stockholms new subway extensions

The stone machine left over water be water The new The habitats help clean the the The new subway extensions in StockOne bi-product from washing the blasting Thesorts stonethewashing The machine sorts nitrogen The left over can nitrogen can be new habitats help cleaning are currently being built and one of the gravel into diff erent fractions and the used as a fertiliser, perfect for algae surrounding waters in the Baltic Sea, holm are currently being built with of the tunnels is nitrogen, which is the gravel into different fractions, deused as a fertiliser, perfect for algae surrounding waters in the Baltic Sea. one of the extraction siteslocated located on a very goodnitrogen ferilizer, rich and water therefore pending on the size ofcultivation the gravel. The cultivation in tanks.

Algaes have Once the nitrogen is absorbed extraction sites are on Blasiecan be collected in tanks.

The algae can andthe once the nitrogen is absorbed byby the Blasieholmen. 500 000 tons of stone dangerous for the drinking water in nitrogen rich water can be collected advantage for beeing fast groving and algae, fresh water circulates back into 500 there 000 the tons of stone the willStockholm separately. then be then be used theless algae, the fresh water from the tanksfacility willholmen. be excavated following area. As a The result,stone it is can separately.

The stone masses can to produce nutritious new rich types while occpying baltic sea or to the cleaning be years. excavated here the coming three used it is,undergo or packaged into steelas it is, or ofpackaged foods. into Buildingspace an outdoor into the sea. necessary that the as stones a then be used than otherfood grops. So, circulate the al- back for another turn in the stone washing three washing process before to put build to further gabions, to buildcourt new underwacan then be used process. years. A bi-product from the blasting gabions, new steel underwater with these gae tanks creates funto produce new use. ter habitats. Another possibility is to types of foods. Building an outdoor of the tunnels is nitrogen. Therefore habitats. They can also use be them used totobuild temporary new public spaces andcourt opens for tanks creates outdoor food withup these the stones need to undergo a washing build temporary outdoor spaces spaces discussion about fun thenew foods the and opens up forfor exhibitions, raising awarepublicofspaces process before put to further use, as the Nitrogen can cause over growth if it leaks into the water.

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exhibitions, raising awareness about nature in the city.

future.

Species: Pike

Back Finn For quick acceleration.

Fangs The Pikes teeth are bent like fangs trapping fish and Body birds from escaping after Elongated for fast the first bite. and agile move- Back ments.

Dark brown/green coloured skin for invisability from above.

Spotted skin Water Camoflages wellExhaled in seagrass.

Inhaled Water

Problem: Habitat loss Location: Blasieholmen

Belly Jaw White/light skinned The Pike can extend its for invisability from jaw for larger prey. bellow.

Ecosystem service: strengthening blue wedge Rectoral Finn Allows the Pike to lay still while hiding in grass from both pray and predetor.

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Section Pike-Bay 1| 200

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Species: Blue Mussel Problem: Overgrowth and Pollution

Ingestive Sipho Inhaled water and plankton, provieds nutriens such as Nitrogen and Fosfor.

Egestive Sipho Exhales the cleaned water and feaces.

Intestines

Gills

Stomach

Location: Stadsgården/Londonviadukten Ecosystem service: Water Filtration

Mouth Byssal Threads Allows the Mussle to attaches to hard surfaces

Foot

Filtered Water

Plankton Pollution Contaminats

Section Mussle Peer 1| 200

Species: Perch

Back Finns The Perch always has two finns

Problem: Habitat loss Carnivore

Location: Skeppsholmen Ecosystem service: strengthening blue wedge Stripes Characteristic stripes from back to belly

Finns Often redish colored.

Section Perch-Bay 1| 200

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(W)EDGES

Stabilizing Cables The cables are mounted in the rock and hooked on to the gabions.

Blue Mussel Culture The blue mussels attach to the rocky surface, and work as a water filtering system.

Stone Residue The gabions are filled with stone residue.

Stainless Steel Rust resistant.

Habitat Shelf The gabions are placed in two layers, creating shelfs for vegetation to grow.

Section of the Mussle Habitat

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Harvesting The blue mussels are harvested once a year and can be used to produce comersial fertiliser.

Heavy Traffic Boat traffic pollutes the water.

Algae Attracting Surface The Algae helps create a good underwater habitat, it cleans water and binds CO2.

Section of the Perch-Bay

Stone Residue The gabions are filled with stone residue.

Stainless Steel Rust resistant.

Bird Nesting Spots Provides shelter and places to rest or nest for ducks, swans, seagulls. The birds produce natural fertiliser.

Reinforcement The gabions are mounted on to steelpipes drilled into the ground, stabilizing them against currents.

Spawning Area The gravel under the surface provides perfect spawning conditions for Perch.

Hiding Places The structure gives the Perch places to hide from predators.

LED Solar Panel The light attracts insects for the bird and fish, and also lights up the waters in the evening.

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(W)EDGES

Bearing Structure Consisting of stainless steel, rust resistant

Staff vine as Flower Curtain fast growing ( up to 12m after 2-5 years) red golden leaves in autum ( very coheirent with the countours of stockholm) provides berries as bird food

Lookout Plattform View into the new Nybroviken bay

Nesting Boxes provides birds with safe nesting places wind protected, protected from predators

second usage as a bird nesting pavillion

after usage removing of the cleaning station Portable Stone Cleaning Facility The facility can be transported by truck and placed on site for the duration of the usage

Bird-Nesting-Pavillion The on-site cleaning facility was one of the main ideas for the whole project.

So, the question about an afterlife of it was asked quickly. As a result, an on-site pavilion in Nybrokajen was planned, offering a cover and protection for the mobile cleaning facility. The pavilion consists of a bearing structure made of stainless steel, which is the skeleton of the pavilion. The question about the cover material was a more difficult one. Agreeing on the terms of sustainability, the idea came up to plant the façade to have a sustainable cover material, creating the possibility to use some of the nitrogen here as a fertilizer as well. Moreover, the poetical picture of a machine breaking out of nature was another factor for this decision.

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Observation Ramp Offers different views of nesting birds

After the cleaning process, the mobile cleaning facility will get transported away by a truck again, leaving the pavilion behind. So, the idea was to give this space back to nature. In the research phase of this project, it was discovered that especially birds are lacking undisturbed and safe nesting spots in this area. As a result, nesting boxes in all different sizes, are hanging from the bearing structure, offering a safe habitat for all different kinds of birds. As plants staff vine was chosen, because the gold and reddish leaves have a coherency with the main building colors of Stockholm, but also because its berries are a very healthy snack for the birds.

To also fulfill an educational background, an observation ramp system within the pavilion was planned as well. It offers all different kinds of views on the birds nesting in the pavilion, without disturbing them.

Algae growing Wakame/Spirulina filtering nitrogen out of the water Wastewater/ filtered water outlet pumping cleaned water back into the sea

1.0

4

1.56

Freshwater inlet polluted water from the cleaning process

1.04

Axonometric drawing of the Food-Court GSPublisherVersion 0.0.100.46

Air pipes providing algae with fresh air

Algae Food-Court After deciding on the on-site cleaning process, the next question asked was what should happen with the water. Pumping it back into the sea, polluting the whole area of the inner archipelago, was not an option. So, a solution with an added value was a must.

Having some lectures about algae this course, the final idea came up quickly.

Especially the fast-growing algae, paired with its nutritiousness influences the design a lot. Moreover, the algae can filter nitrogen-rich water, stored in special tanks. As algae, Wakame and Spirulina algae were chosen, because of their usage as food and delicious taste. But only filtering the water was not enough.

Strengthening the public space around Skepsbron was another requirement in this project. The place feels right now more like a crossing passage from the north to the south of Stockholm and the other way round, just offering some places for tent hallcoffie places. So, in the e nd, an algae food court was suggested, trying to sensibilise people for algae as the food of the future, but also giving Skepsbron as an old fish harbor and fish market back a bit of its meaning of the past.

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(W)EDGES

Overall Axonometric drawing picturing the new sustainable Stockholm.

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NYBROVIKEN

NYBROVIKENS’S GARDEN Mark Gavigan

What

Why

It is anticipated that from 2022-2026, as part of expansions to Stockholm’s subway system, two hundred thousand cubic meters of blasted granite rock will be unearthed from Blasieholmen, a site just behind Stockholm’s National Museum gardens. Enough stone to fill over half of the Globen arena.

The area around Nybroviken represents a unique intersection of geography, geology and city planning. Historically the mouth of a swampland valley creek that up until the 16th Century connected Bruinsviken to the Baltic Sea. Various harbours were built here, and as the city expanded dumping of waste would render the innermost part of these waters stagnant and putrid. Berzelli park stands above these old waters as a testament to the goals of 19th C park design; literally burying the dirty city and swampland, reclaiming it to provide a respite of “health” and “beauty”.

The excavated mass in the eyes of this project is a resource of great potential, it is the impetus to think urgently and critically about the city’s relationship to its waters, the future of its urban public space and most importantly its duty toward its inhabitants, both human and non-human alike.

This isn’t the first time the Stockholm has dealt with this volume of rock mass. In the 50s, during initial phases of the subway construction, stone was carted out of the tunnels as it was dug to be piled and terra-formed at ten separate and predetermined locations. The city ‘gardener’ of the time, Holgor Blom, saw each hill as a distinct artwork in it’s own right. The ‘Ten Hills’ as they are known today are an enduring and well loved part of Stockholm; places to hike, mountain bike and ski right in the middle of the city.

The creation of a new park inside Nybroviken aims to bring such diversity of use right back into the center of town. Taking a perspective not just from land, but from the ‘blue’ surface, the new beachwetland at the bay forms the last link in a chain of gardens that can finally dip their proverbial toe in the water.

In an attempt to replicate the expediency of Blom’s constructions; once unearthed, stone is put to immediate use by way of cleaning and sorting on site. The machine used to do so, then, slowly builds a new landscape around itself at the same rate the tunnels beneath it are dug.

In 2021, we have outgrown these whims, and matters of dire importance such as climate, environment protection, diversity and survival have never been more apparent to us. Stockholm’s story has always been one of unsentimental land reconciliation and reclamation, this project simply attempts to build on that history to anticipate and become a guiding force for a climate adaptive city.

How From Berzilli Park to out beyond Nybroviken, a new linear piece of ‘blue/green’ infrastructure is layed out. With the help of bio-retention beds and water filtering mussels - the place-making proposal becomes entirely about clean water.

Changing the current perception of the bay and inviting people and wildlife back here.

Naturally, the shallowest waters are infilled, creating habitats for local fish, seaweeds and filterfeeders. Three zones of ‘ponds’ are layed out, each with destinctive characteristics determined by the species’ they cater to. Connected to a walking route that weaves through the new wetland, the docking for archipelago-bound ferry boats is pushed out toward deeper water.

A blue/green hybrid: the new wetland and beach as an essential link between the city’s waters and green spaces.

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Recepticle (swollen end of fertile frond)

Conceptacles (contain reproductive structures)

Recepticle (swollen end of fertile frond)

Bladder

Blade

Shell

Conceptacles (contain reproductive structures)

Bladder Midrib

Blade

Shell Labial palps

Fronds

Suprabranchial chamber

Midrib Foot Posterior adductor muscle

Inner gill red filte ) ts ( water

Labial palps

Stipe GSEducationalVersion

Fronds

len xha

E

Holdfast

Outer gill ts

n hale

In

Foot

Inner gill

Outer gill

Stipe

Holdfast

ts

en hal

In

Old modes of construction: a pier constructed from stacked gabion blocks can become home to thousands of water-filtering mussels, and for the same reasons the Bladderwrack plants it’s holdfast, timber piles are driven down to prevent the wetland from washing away.

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NYBROVIKEN’S GARDEN

Bio-retention bed

Backfill c. 1840

‘Lost’ Quayside

Landfill waste

Fine ‘shingle’ layer ‘Lost’ Quayside

Clay

Stone Mass fill

Moraine

Unsympathetic land formation and filling since the 17th century in the bid for deeper (cleaner) water.

As the plants in a bio-retention bed take up water, nitrogen and carbon dioxide the sediment ‘zones’ filter out other chemicals and metals from stormwater spill as it permeates down the bed layers.

Bio-retention bed

Dirty wate r in

1660 1750

1816

1848

Granite mass shingles 2025

Plant Soil Clay & Sand

Gravel

Base plan: c. 1660

Filling in the shallows, containing dirty water and redirecting polluting traffic set the scene for a new connected longitudinal zoned wetland park.

The third link in a chain of gardens: the wetland on Nybroviken as an additional layer to Stockholm’s historic and ongoing land reconciliation project.

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Clean water permeates to ground

Clean water drain to bay (overloaded)

Timber piles form the basis of sediment retention walls. Simply preventing the landscape from making its way back to water. The geometry of this infrasturcture is subordinate to the dunes that form around them.

Timber piled retaining walls

Erosion prevention Gabion and pile construction

Recreation pond

Spawning ponds 120m²

Scattered land

Ferryboat pier

30-80m² New pier of gabion construction provides a circular walking route with proximity to wetland sites, as well as resting places for ferry-goers and their luggage.

Winter ice can scrape clean algea growth from the top meter of water surface. In shallow ponds this allows sea vegetation like the Bladderwrack to flourish. Plants like this provide the needed shelter for spawning grounds.

The primary goal of the recreation pond is clean water for bathing.

Native fish species also benefit.

The shallow depth of the water here (max 1.8m) can freeze over safely in winter.

Fish like Herring and Pike already make livlihood here.

Udisturbed nesting sites for birds are key to make up for habitat loss in this part of the inner-city. A critical ‘blue’ opportunity to strengthen the Jarva green wedge and inspire Stockholmers.

The Bladderwrack’s holdfast fixes itself to rocky substrates.

The gabions become home for many brackish water-loving mussels.

Herons stalk fish from extremely shallow waters, and are fantastic to watch.

Th in ta vi

One single mussel is able to filter up to 25 litres of water a day.

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TEGELVIKEN

Clas Sundberg and Thelma Dethlefsen

What The site at Tegelviken, on the north-east side of Södermalm, has a very hard edge facing the water, lacking marine life, made to serve the shipping and ferry business. The stone excavation site is in near proximity making it an ideal place to utilise the stone masses without need of transportation. Due to it being a very central waterfront location there are many possibilities with the site. What would happen if the ferry terminal is moved and the water edge activated for both people and non-human actors? The green connection on the site is cut-off by the large road, challenging the migration of non-human actors.

This project is about increasing the accessibility to water, re-connecting with the life below water, rethinking the use of the hard waterfront edge, and creating modules on water with housing units and productive landscapes that can be used in other locations too. Stockholm is a growing capital city, and the demand for housing units and other public functions is increasing.

Why Currently the stadsgårdsleden acts as a barrier to the waterfront, limiting accessibility to the water from the rest of Södermalm. The amount of noise and air pollution is very large. It is a space designed for car and ferry transportation, not taking into account the potential of the site for people and non-human actors. The large road cuts off the green link, making it difficult for animals and other species to migrate. The slope on the north side is very steep, challenging the accessibility to the waterfront area and rest of Södermalm. The connection to the surrounding neighbourhood is neglected. Tegelviken contains largely north facing areas, which means that sunlight is limited, and attractive south facing outdoor spaces are rare. Stockholm is growing in population and increasing the demand for more housing units. The water can be utilised to build upon, and Tegelviken with its central location,

hard edge and attractive views provides an ideal place. The depth of the water quickly reaches 20m, which challenges the use of stone masses to build in the water.

How Our proposal involves covering stadsgårdsleden by creating vaults out of the stone masses, in order to get rid of the accessibility barrier and pollution. New connections can be made to the surrounding neighbourhoods. A promenade following the water edge will extend in a movable bridge over the canal to connect to Nacka. The masses will create a less steep slope towards the waterfront increasing the accessibility to the rest of Södermalm. Folkungagatan will then be “extended” through the new neighbourhood of Tegelviken and continue towards Saltsjöqvarn area. The slope will provide habitats for birds and other species. In order to create more south facing spaces at Tegelviken floating piers extend into the water. Through a mixed use and multifunctional environment we hope to attract humans and non-human actors to return to Tegelviken and make it lively once again. Floating elements will be favoured over poles and stone masses when building in water due to the large depth of the water. These floating units will include housing units, productive landscapes, animal sanctuaries and mussel farms. Having studied the common eider, cod and mussels we have designed habitats and areas that they can thrive in. For instance, the entire existing hard edge will be clad in a textured seawall panel promoting the growth of aquatic plants and mussels. This simultaneously provides a micro-habitat for the cod. The floating islands will be bird sanctuaries, and the roots of the plants will extend into the water creating a naturalsheltered environment for the fish. Mussel farms provide nutrition for the common eider whilst also cleansing the water.

Isometric Section that shows how the diffrent height levels can be dealt with and at the same time creating new public places.

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Plan

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TEGELVIKEN THE SITE Existing conditions include a very hard edge lacking marine life and busy boat and car traffic. Two large hills surround the site; Fåfångan and Åsöberget.

STADSGÅRDSLEDEN COVERED WITH MASSES To decrease noise and air pollution on site. Allow access to the water and neighbouring communities.

STRATEGIC CONNECTIONS Increase connectivity to surrounding places. Extend the promenade to connect to Nacka.

STORMWATER See stormwater as a design parameter to inspire creative solutions with stormwater management, retention and education.

SOUTH FACING SPACES Increase south facing spaces by building out into the water.

NEW CULTURAL STRIP Add cultural/public destinations to increase identity of the site, at the end of each connection.

Diagrams describing the design strategies and parameters

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Isometric section of new floating neighbourhood

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TEGELVIKEN

Stormwater management: a playful element.

The seawall with shelves and textured panels promotes the growth of algae and other aquatic plants and organisms.

A habitat bench made of stone net gabions will create shallow waters for the fish to spawn and migrate in. The floating islands will act as bird sanctuaries and provide micro-habitats for fish.

Mussel Farm: a mussel stand to take some mussels home.

Food Chain: Algae, Herring, Cod, Grey Seal. Mussels and Common Eider.

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Textured seawall with shelves

“Stone terraces” for improved bird habitats

Green courtyards to promote green connections and storm water absorbtion

Green roof to provide artificial habitat for birds and other species Floating housing units with green roofs Light penetrable promenade to promote light reaching the sea bed

Floating islands as bird sanctuaries

Productive landscape basil garden

Playful stormwater basin Tree bed as stormwater retention Rain garden stormwater management

Rain garden and green promenade to slow down traffic and collect stormwater.

Mussel gardens, microhabitat for fish, and nutrition for ejder bird.

Long Section

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TEGELVIKEN P4 TITLE

Perspective Section

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Visuals showing the atmosphere of the new floating neighbourhood in Stockholm. On the left the perspective section shows an active ground floor with cafés and other public functions. The promenade will be light penetrating, letting the light pass through, reaching the sealife below the surface.

South facing spaces

The visuals on the right show how we imagine life to return to Tegelviken; people bathing, kayaking, and tending to the farming landscapes.

On the bottom a view from a boat passing by, with Fåfångan in the background, and the floating islands and housing units in the front. The new neighbourhood will be a paradise for both humans and animals.

Arriving by boat, Fåfängan can be spotted in the background.

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WALDERMARSVIK/RYSSVIKEN DJURGÅRDEN SHORES 2.0 Oscar Guibentif and Alexander Noworzyn

What?

Sweden and its inhabitants are famous for their relationship with their nature. A relationship that finds expression in a law that enables people to walk within nature almost without any boundaries or regulations. The so called ‘Everybody’s right’ helps to educate people about the importance of a functioning ecosystem by experiencing the beauty of nature themselves.

Project site The Royal Djurgården is already a lively organism in the eastern part of Stockholm with nature and several public uses coexisting. Especially the forests and the enclosing water edges to the Baltic Sea create a “green lung” in the city center. The walkway along this shoreline already enables people to experience not just the green forests of Djurgarden but also the coast towards the Baltic Sea. But this hard concrete walkway lacks a consisting character, that underlines the uniqueness of this remarkable spot in the city. Strengthening Stockholm’s blue wedges the project ‘Djurgården shores 2.0’ aims to tackle the previously described aspects by trying to increase the attractivity of the shoreline and the park both for public and nature with three different strategies: - Follie objects Objects serving different functions, but with a unifying characteristic materiality, shall be placed alongside the shoreline to create a connecting visual pathway like a string of pearls.

- Shoreline alterations Using the excavated stones, the hard existing shorelines are softened and diversified to create habitats both on land (e.g. nesting places for birds) and under water.

- Reef lines – The miniature Archipelago Furthermore, the stones will be used to create artificial reefs which help to protect the newly softened shores and to create a calmer water area between the reefs and the shoreline.

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Multipurpose Especially the diversified character of the Follies will help to create new spaces to linger, educate and experience nature and public side a side, strengthening the image of a greener Stockholm.

Why? The importance of the project lies in the education of people as it encourages people to walk and experience the shores much more. By doing so, a new awareness for our ecosystems and the complex relations of the different actors in nature and public is developed, which helps to draw attention to serious questions on how to interact with each other.

How? The different strategies require different materials to be used. While the Follies shall be partly prefabricated and primarily made out of wood, the shore line adaptions and the reef structures will be made out of the excavated stone, which is processed and arranged in the modular logic of gabions. Due to the easy access of the Djurgården shoreline, the stone masses will be transported and placed on the single project sites by boat, as some of the excavation sites are already close by.

Kastellholmen, Gröna Lund and Beckholmen with Djurgården in the background

Involved Actors As the project aims to tackle both urban and nature defined needs private players as the Royal Djurgården Interest Group but of course especially the species living in those newly created habitats are profiting from the intervenations, driven by the probably most important actor, which is every single human visitor of this site as he/she will learn about the importance of a functioning and diverse ecosystem and is therefore hopefully inspired by the beauty of nature to improve her and to develop the thoughts, sown by the Djurgården Shores 2.0.

Isbladskärret - Wetland on Djurgården

Goals for Djurgården

An enhanced relation with the blue wedge - Bringing attention to the shores - Bringing people in the water - Breaking the hard edge

An attractive, legible and continuous shoreline walk

A preservation and enhancement of the ecosystem

- New activities - Different length walkways all around - Accessibility (bus, ferry) - Connection with existing institutions - Follies (Legibility, landmarks) - Birdwatching tower - Calm bathing place - Familial bathing place - Attractive nature park between land and water - Cultural space on water - Walkway outside Gröna Lund (continuity)

- Numerous new habitats above and under water - Islands helping eider duck nesting - Pedagogical sites about the ecosystem - Program in respect of surrounding nature

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The City of Stockholm (188 km² of land for 27 km² of water), part of Stockholm County, is built on 14 islands between the Baltic Sea to the East and lake Mälaren to the West, and is divided into 13 districts. Approximately 30% of the city area consists in parks and green spaces, and 20% are protected areas, showing the importance of nature for the city and its population.

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Nationalstadsparken The Ulriksdal - Haga - Djurgården - Brunnsviken area (27 km²) was designated the world’s first National City Park in 1995, in order to protect this area of important natural, cultural and recreational beauty and value existing within the city of Stockholm. The park is protected by the Swedish Environmental Code in Chapter 4, section 7.

Djurgården Djurgården is an island part of the Nationalstadsparken, west of Stockholm’s city center, which attracts approximately 10 million visitors every year. Real touristic and cultural center for the city, where many museums can be found (Vasamuseet, Skansen, Gröna Lund, Nordiska museet…), it is also very know for its beautiful nature, with a lot of forest areas as well as a unique protected wetland. Djurgården is easily accessible by foot, bus, tram or ferry and offers nice walks away from the city’s dense activity.

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Programmatic axonometric of Djurgården

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WALDERMARSVIK/RYSSVIKEN black cap green nape patches

brown face

A-shaped wooden construction

white scapulars and wing covers

dark brown scapulars with paler edges white face pink breast

Step I Outline

ventilation

Step II Piles & Gabions

Step III Fill-In (Sand & Gavel)

black tail

transverse barring on breast

transverse barring on flanks

black belly and flanks white rear flanks patch

possibilty to escape

nest made with down feathers plucked from the female’s breast

Step IV Planting Habitats

The Common eider (Somateria mollissima)

Miniature Archipelago : Nesting modules for Eiders yellow beak

brown body speckled with light flecks in the winter

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Miniature Archipelago : Nesting modules for Eiders Islands made with gabions filled with stone masses as sand and gravel

iridescent blue / green / purple feathers in the summer

pink feet

shallow waters creating a variety of habitats for different species

The Starling (Sturnus vulgaris)

wooden pier as a walkway through the park

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Miniature Archipelago : Earth section

The Miniature Archipelago Park The Miniture Archipelago Park is a concept in the overall strategy of modifying the shore line from a hard almost not changing edge into a vibrant biotope with habitats for different species.

By establishing several small islands in the more shallow areas of the coast line nesting possibilites and spawning grounds are provided for fish and birds of any nature.

The system of the islands varying in size, proportion and depth helps to create heterogenous habitats, which are protecting the species against predators as well from land and the sky.

wetland areas - spawning grounds for fishes

nesting islands - protection against aerial and marmal predators

shore line - spawning grounds for fishes

shore forest important for its high number of oaks

gabions filled with excavated stone wooden pier leading threw the artificial islands

accessability

old shoreline hard concrete inforced edge

new artifical islands hard concrete inforced edge

crystaline bedrock crystalline bedrock is dominated by gneisses and granites

pile structure scaffolding for nature to shape itself

existing seabed gravel/ sand/ morraine

gabions as possible mussel farms

Miniature Archipelago : Concept section

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WALDERMARSVIK/RYSSVIKEN

Bird Watch Tower : Perspective

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The Bird Watch Tower The Bird Watch Tower standing on the tip of the island of Djurgården will welcome the visitors coming to Stockholm by boat and will create a new gesture of welcoming.

Being this new character at the entrance of Stockholm the tower will not just be a landmark with its new tone of materialty consisting of the excavated Stone of the MASSA project and its Oak facade paying tribute to this historicly valueable material. The Tower is set to be a new nesting place for bird species, just like the Starling, which is on of the key actors in this project. In the concept of the tower three key elements take over specific functions: The Basis, The Core, and The Facade.

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Elevation South

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Bird Watch Tower : Floor plans

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ISBLADSVIKEN ARCHIPELAGO NATIONALSTADSPARK Gabriel Stuart

What

How

Much like Stockholm in general, the majority of nationalstadsparkens shoreline consist of landfill constructed for docks, transportation and housing, which weakens the environmental link between land and water.

If you compare the minimum environmental requirements of the concept “nationalstadspark” with the concept “nationalpark” you will find that there are great differences. The concept Nationalstadspark has no minimum enviromental requirements, apart from the fact that it needs to include both landscape and urban structures. The concept Nationalpark however, has enviromental requirements defined to safeguard a both resilient and representative landscape, listed in short below:

At the same time, contradictory, nationalstadsparken is purposefully altered to portray swedish nature, however executed in a unnatural way. The result is an unresilient landscape in need of continous upkeep. A pet landscape.

Why If our goal is to secure the green and blue wegdes connecting wildlife around Stockholm, we need to do create prerequisities for selfsufficient independet landscape structures. To function properly, the system needs to contain whole sections of landscape streching from land through wetlands, shoreline and water without intervention och interruption.

Parks and greenery around the city is great, but much more is needed to safeguard a healthy and resilient ecosystem intertwined with a modern city. Key elements of this natural systems might not always look or smell great, but is adament to break the dicotomy between land and city.

As a start, lets begin where swedish culture and environmental needs overlap, at the heart of our national heritage: “everyones right” and the love for natures beauty. Lets create a representative and resilient nationalstadspark and update our understanding of what beautyfull nature is.

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-Represent vast and unique swedish landscape type -Concist of whole landscape section, minimum 1000 acres -To largest extent, non altered landscape -Contain good natural values -A subject to research, leisure and tourism without causing harm to nature If we aim to benefit the nature and safeguard our local ecosystem around Stockholm with the help of excess stone, the minimum requirements from the definition of nationalpark should work as guidelines for how the stone is used in nationalstadsparken.

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PROPOSAL SITE

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ARCHIPELAGO NATIONALSTADSPARK

Nationalstadsparken regains resilience by strengthening the connection to the surrounding water by introducing wetlands and soft edges. Subsequently it connects the network of wedges into a continuous super system.

Nationalstadsparkens existing, and Archipelago Nationalstadsparkens potential boundaries

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Connecting nationalstadsparken with Värmdö green wedge

Creating the new archipelago nationalstadspark

Re-routing ship movement...

Resulting in a framework for marine wildlife sanctuary

Copy local biotopes “Isbladskärret” and “Liberius”...

Paste ontop of bay shallows to create prerequisities for an archipelago landscape.

The foundation of the new wetlands and shoreline systems are constructed by the the stone resource from the ongoing tunnelbana expansion. The green surface and wildlife however, needs to be gradually introduced. Researching biotopes and sanctuarys near Isbladsviken gives important information on what species and systems that would prosper in the shoreline of the Archipelago Nationalstadspark.

Isbladskärret is a wetland with a rich flora and fauna established upstreams from Isbladsviken. To attract it to expand into the bay, a delta like landscape is introduced. Liberius seal&bird sanctuary is an island just east of Fjäderholmarna.

With less heavy traffic in the bay seals could hopefully move onto larger artificial island in the bay.

Sectional Perspective, Archipelago Nationalstadspark ecosystem

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ARCHIPELAGO NATIONALSTADSPARK

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sailing school wave barrier islands /bird sanctuary

wave barrier islands /bird sanctuary

seal&bird sancturary

FJÄDERHOLMARNA

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Axonometry, Proposal site Isbladsviken

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Spruce beech Lingonberries Bottle sedge

Pine

Reed

sand

stone resource

existing shallows

Sectional perspective seal&bird sanctuary

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ARCHIPELAGO NATIONALSTADSPARK

Spruce Reed

Bottle sedge

River bullrush Yellow flag Bullrush

Yellow loosestrife White water lily Broadleaf arrowhead

sand

stone resource

existing

Sectional perspective, wetland, raised trail and beach islands

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raised trail

beech Pine

beach sancturary

Wetland sancturary

Public beach

Public beach

Arial view, beach islands connected with a raised trail

Early morning

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Apart from being an important foundation for wetland and shoreline ecosystems, the beach islands connected with a raised trail offers visitors an unique archipelago experience all year around. A social space for swimming and sailing during summer and a place for peacefull promenades during the rest of the year.

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Summer social

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VÄRTAN

REBUILD LOUDDEN AND FRIHAMNEN Juntian Lin

What

How

Site location: Stockholm Royal Seaport has a fantastic location with eight kilometres of coastline and close to the Royal National City Park，so the Royal Seaport area has great potential to become a great public space that could benifit to local people and tourists in Stockholm.

Research problem and goal: Facing the existing problems of Port Royal, such as environmental problems, accessibility problems, etc，come up with a solution to make the Port area become a more sustainable space in the future, and a better habitat for humans and animals.

Stone residue use: The Royal port is close to some of the stone residue storage position and it is very convenient to transport the stone by boats.

The stone residue could be used in the waterfront construction.

Multi-founction program: As more and more people settle in Stockholm, more residential buildings are needed in the city. Moreover, the site is colse to National Park, so it is passible to make a green corridoor by creating a waterfront park.

In addition, sea framming and green space could deal with the problems. Finaly, there are many tourists from Baltic countries arrive the city at the criuse center, so some commercial buildings such as hotels, restaurants, and so forth, are needed.

Affects: The royal port area could become a excellent leisure space for local people and tourists, in addition, it also can provide a better habitat for local species.

My design attempts to use the different scale methods to deal with different problems.

Why Sustainable goals: SDGs8: Creating more job opportunities to local people by built commercial buildings.

SDGs11: Stone residue as material to use in constructions.

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In the urban planning part, the old oil factory in Loudden has been shut down and all the oil containers have been demolished, but I wanted to keep the original industrial elements in the site, so I chose to keep the industrial railway and use it as the basis for my organization of the urban structure,plan out different areas such as residential, commercial, and office space. In terms of transportation, new bus stops and ferry stops are added to solve the problem of site accessibility.

Focus

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In the landscape part, the site was activated by designing a series of waterfront spaces with different functions, and an artificial island was added to provide a better habitat environment for the animals and plants on the site. On the other hand, adding more green space has a better connection with the national park, creating an ecological corridor for the flora and fauna of the site.

In terms of architecture, a floating building is designed to provide people with a space for cultivating seaweed. The floating platform on the water can not only be used as a structure for cultivating seaweed, but also provide a leisure space for people.

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Waterfront There are about four different types of waterfront areas of the site. The first is an abandoned industrial port, the second is the freeport dock, the third is a stone dam in the freeport, and the fourth is a dock and facilities for cruise ships.

Stone In Södra Värtahamnen, another area of the Royal Port, there is a temporary storage place with different sizes of stones, which can be used as raw materials for site construction.

And it has the potential to develop water routes to transport the stone residue which produced by the subway development from other locations in Stockholm.

Green The park, which hugs virtually the whole of Stockholm Royal Seaport, has significant ecological values and layers of cultural heritage that evidence its historical continuity.

Connecting smaller parks to the Royal National City Park will enhance the park experience.

Transport Because of the existence of large industrial areas, many waterfront spaces have accessibility issues. The surrounding subway stations and bus stops are few and far away from the waterfront.

The distance between the ferry port and the bus and subway station is also very long.

Residencial There are a large number of residential areas of different ages and types around the site. Therefore, the site has the potential to develop residential areas and public spaces.

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On the south side of the site, there is a clear boundary between the National Park and Port Royal. There is a strong contrast between the artificial surface and the natural environment.

The south and west sides of the site lack the connection with the natural environment of the national park.

It have potential to creating a new ecological corridor in the waterfront space and Frihamnen that can better connect the Royal Port area and the national park.

Creating some smaller green squares and connect to the Royal National City Park will enhance the park experience.

Artificial surface

Trees

Grass

Wetland

Farm

Potencial Transport

Subway

Tram

Bus

Bus

Ferrry

Boat Club

Ferry

Boat cub There are subway stations, trams, and bus stations around the site, but with a five-minute and ten-minute walk as the service radius, the site lacks public transportation.

According to the existing traffic conditions, more bus routes and bus stations can be added, and new routes can be developed. This can make the site and the city have a better connection.

And the site also has the potential to develop new boat clubs, because there are boat clubs on the north and south sides of the site.

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REBUILD LOUDDEN AND FRIHAMNEN

6 B 7 Axonometric Drawing(Seafarming & Outdoor Market)

Section(Aritificial island & Waterfront Sports Park)

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Axonometric Drawing(Frihamnen)

Axonometric Drawing(cruise port Waterfront Sports Park

1:Armor Stone 2:Toe Armor Stone 3:Marine Mattress 4:Core Stone 5:Geotextile 6:Stone Section(Aritificial island & Waterfront Sports Park)

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Fish

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Master Plan Ejder

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1:Waterfront Sports Park 2:Artificial Island 3:Canne harbor 4:Outdoor Market 5:Seafarming 6:Frihamnen Waterfront 7:Cruise Port 8:Residential &Commercial 9:Commercial 10:Commercial & Office B:New Bus Station F:New Ferry Station

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Axonometric Drawing

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DJURGÅRDSBRUNNSVIKEN INSCRIBING WETLANDS Malte Didrigkeit, Linnea Fri and Torbjörn Winroth

What

How

The overarching strategy of this project is to strengthen the green and blue wedges between Norra Djurgården and Djurgårdsbrunnsviken. This includes: effectively clean the stormwater from surrounding hard surfaces through natural means, prevent flooding situations and diminish damage, creating awareness by implementing new spaces for education, create and sustain curiosity, provide new leisure activity areas using natural means, creating habitat for amphibians, predatory fish, and insects, as well as clean the eutrophic waters of Djurgårdsbrunnsviken.

To create a more resilient Gärdet, our strategy is to reshape the landscape by implementing several varying biotopes such as wetlands, marshes, meadows, grazing land and clearings surrounded by lush vegetation.

As a local example of a similar strategy, we have looked at the connections between Brunnsviken, Laduviken, Husarviken. Interventions have already been made here to connect the structures with a blue ribbon and biotopes such as wetlands, marshes, lakes, grass fields and rivers can be found there.

Why The urban fabric has been prioritized throughout the years and with that, we can see that the green connectivity has been permeated and weakened.

Furthermore, green spaces within the city are often lacking in biodiversity due to the general ambition of keeping them tidy by meticulous maintenance.

Historically Ladugårdsgärdets natural state was as a field and wetland. When military practices began to be held at the location in the late 1700s, the wetland was drained and has remained in this dry designed state ever since. As a result, Ladugårdsgärdet today is a monoculture grassland, which is prone to flood during heavy rainfall. This flooding allows stormwater to enter Djurgårdsbrunnsviken without having been naturally cleaned by passing through porous materials and plants. As a consequence Djurgårdsbrunnsviken suffers from eutrophication and an oxygen deficit seabed in which no life has been discovered up to the present moment.

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To prevent the flooding of Ladugårdsgärdet, the area needs to be more porous and permeable than it is today. Additionally, implementations to delay stormwater are required. By starting with retention basins and rainbeds on Sportfältet the water flow is slowed down before it goes through and past a natural pool, then it is cleaned through natural cleaning mechanisms in the wetlands before it reaches Djurgårdsbrunnsviken. To further improve the ecological status of the water in Djurgårdsbrunnsviken as well as sustain the water levels in the wetland, oxygen deficit seabed-water will be pumped up to the beginning of the wetland.

With a continuous line of water areas, the migration and spawning of frogs and other amphibians is ensured. In the same way, an uninterrupted green infrastructure will create a coherence that acts as a guideline to different kinds of species through the urban area. Smaller interventions such as dry stone walls provide shelter to pollinators such as bees and butterflies as well as to amphibians and snakes.

Another aspect taken into consideration is that the cultural heritage of Ladugårdsgärdet as a meeting place and a venue is preserved by leaving larger spaces open, to allow for gatherings and smaller venues. Also, preserving and enhancing the existing Sportfältet aims to sustain and encourage physical activity. A traditional value is consciously implemented through the grazing land, meadows and dry stone walls, referring to old midsummer folklore.

Strategic axonometry from Djurgårdbrunnsviken over Gärdet to Brunnsviken

Detail Sportfätet activities with ponding valley

Detail of outdoor gym class in clearing

To create awareness, give space for education, and sustain curiosity for nature the project intends to make complex processes visible and provide visitors with a diverse set of experiences during all of the seasons. The interventions work in concert with each other and preferably in symbiosis, connecting different biological concepts and using “ecosystem loop” as a leitmotif.

Site plan | scale 1:15000

Important to remember is that ecosystems are shifting, unpredictable, and uncontrollable and that these divergent tendencies are crucial for their resilience. Therefore, when dealing with ecological design a transdisciplinary team of stakeholders and designers are required to work together to form the best possible solutions.

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INSCRIBING WETLANDS

+ 8900 apartments + 24000 workplaces

Connecting core areas, overcoming weak link weak link weaker link excisting core areas

Collection and cleaning stages of stormwater New circulatory system for Djurgårdsbrunnsviken

Future urban access to green structure

Usage of stone resources to shape the landscape and guide the waterflow

To create a more resilient Gärdet, our strategy is to reshape the landscape by implementing several varying biotopes.

System section through whole Gärdet from the “residential hill” via Sportfältet, the natural pool, the wetland and finally flowing out to the delta through the marshland into Djurgårdsbrunnsviken.

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residential hill

Sportfältet

Nature pool Wetland

Delta

Storm water flow and accumulation 0,1-0,3 m 0,3-0,5 m 0,5-1,0 m > 1,0 m water flow

Areas, entrances, borders Wetland Marshland 1,3 km loop Delta Sportsfields Natural pool Urban storwater collection Museums Sportfältet

Redirecting storm water by shaping Sportfältet Naturally inscribed paths become the programmatic divisions

Division of biotopes Meadow Grazing land Rooms Sportfältet Marshland Wetland Wetland forest

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INSCRIBING WETLANDS

eggs

embryo inside eggs

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Perspective within wetland forest with piers allowing closer access to experience and investigate the wetland close up

adult (sexulally maturea fter 2-4 years) external nare eye thympanic membrane dorsolateral dermal plica

trunk

digits

toes

Common Frog as non-human key species

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Hibernation shelter

Common frog habitat

Frog tunnel

Perspective of couples of different kinds enjoying the marshland looking towards the exhibiting pavilion

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INSCRIBING WETLANDS

The residential hill with bioretention walkways

The Sportfields and their division from the ponding valley dry filter

wet filter wooden pier

swimmer

beach

skimmer

drainage wet filter

skimmer drain / return in natural pool

pressure line / attractions fresh water / Djurgårdsbrunnsviken

purified water drained water / inlet to dry filter

Functional principle natural pool

vegetation overflow protection pier detention/ponding zone sand based soil

mineral soil transition layer (coarse sand) drainage layer (fine aggregate) collection pipe - leading clean water to pool wetland

Bioretention bed

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fountain/water circulation vegetation sand filtering layer transition layer (course sand) drainage layer (fine aggregate) collection pipe - leading clean water to pool

Dryfilter to clean water for the natural pool

The natural pool and its relation to the surrounding meadows

The delta forrest which enters the marshland with the exhibition pavilion

To create awareness, give space for education, and sustain curiosity for nature the project intends to make complex processes visible.

Section thorugh delta with exhibiton pavilion embedded in the marshes | Scale 1:500

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RIDDARFJÄRDEN RIDDARFJÄRDEN FISH HABITAT Ida Laaksonen RIDDARFJÄRDEN FISH HABITAT Ida Laaksonen

What?

Construction of artificial reef is a method that is used to recreate habitats for fish. A problem in the city landscape is that many natural fish habitats by the shorelines have disappeared. To prevent certain fish species from going extinct, planning artificial reefs might be a possible solution to these problems in the near future. As Mälaren see a decline of the population of pike(gädda) and perch(abborre) there is a need to develop new ways to create habitats for these fish. A potential place for this habitat is by the shoreline of Rålambshovs park, in the waters of Riddarfjärden,The park is a popular recreational area that is especially busy during spring and summer. However, even though the surrounding shorelines are frequented by pedestrians and joggers, there is a lot of potential to also use these edges for something more. There has been much discussion and planning of a reef, but nothing has yet been build.

In this project, a new fish habitat is being proposed.

How? Stones are used as material in constructing a comfortable habitat for the fish. Common construction elements like breakwaters and land filling are used to build this structure. Breakwaters reduce waves, resulting in warmer water, while land filling heightens the sea bottom to create shallow waters.

Pike and perch ideal habitats are shallow and calm water with a lot of vegetation. These fish hunt their pray in dense vegetation (like reed). These reeds can only grow in 2–3-meter depths.

Pike

Perch

Fish Habitats Ideal Habitat: Shallow water with reed. 2-3 m.

Habitat specification: • Shallow water, 2-3 m depth • Vegetation to hide in • Calmer and warmer water

Why? Pike and perches are predatory fish and are important for the ecosystem of the water. They are the top of the "top-down-controlled" food chain and keep the population of smaller fish down. The small fish eat zooplankton, which in turn eat green plankton. If the number of small fish become too many, the reduction of zooplankton will increase the population of green plankton, which cause eutrophication.

More predatory fish means less green plankton, and the end result will be less eutrophication in the area.

An important note concerning artificial reef is also that it will attract many other species that live in these habitats. The end result will be a zone that contribute to improving the biodiversity of the waters.

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Lek/ mating habitat. Very shallow, calm water or wetlands

Rålamshovsparken

boats

Riddarfjärden water

Plan

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RIDDARFJÄRDEN FISHHABITAT HABITAT RIDDARFJÄRDEN FISH Calmer waves

Breakwaters

Breakwaters

concrete stones stones

Water flow / circulation

Warmer water

Land filling and Vegetation

Breakwaters • Reduce waves • Makes water calmer and warmer • Pedestrian walkway Reclamation land filling • Shallow water • Allow vegetation to grow

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Depth and filled land

Sections

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RIDDARFJÄRDEN FISHHABITAT HABITAT RIDDARFJÄRDEN FISH Small island

Small island

Walkway

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Recreational use

Small island

Walkway

Outer walkway edge

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RIDDARFJÄRDEN FISHHABITAT HABITAT RIDDARFJÄRDEN FISH

Section

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Result •

Shallow water 2-3 m depth

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Vegetation to hide in

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Calmer and warmer water

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A new recreational place for people

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KLARA SJÖ

Marvin Palmgren

What How can we manage the excess stormwater polluting our water if we can’t deal with it on land and at the same time increase the everyday qualities of the place for humans and wildlife alike?

The way we can strengthen Stockholm’s blue wedges is with the use of stone residue.

In this proposal it can be used to create a canal feeling with a artificial reef, increasing the wildlife and creating a more pleasant environment to live in. In my case it will also be used to make a sediment accumulation zone next to the car road on the northern side and as fill material in combination with soil to create the adjacent wetland filtration zone before the stormwater reach the open water.

There are alot of sites that one could use as an example for this kind of project, I have chosen Klara Sjö and Klarastrandsleden as my project site. I find it interesting to see how one can remove this hard edge, create a more pleasant habitat for us humans and animals while dealing with a problem that the site is suffering from - in this case excess stormwater and other pollutants entering the water body without getting cleaned first.

Even though I will be looking into Klara Sjö the purpose of this would be to create a template that one could adapt to other sites with similar conditions as to not start over again and again making these kinds of issues take a long time to solve when we in fact could copy paste a already working solution.

Instead of managing stormwater with a well in the ground where the water collects before being transported out in the water - why not make it visible and visitable? A well can only handle so much water at a time and the excess is not dealt with. Bioretention beds however can delay the waterflow, create places we can visit and will change with the seasons.

My hope is that this will change the way we look at Klarastrandsleden and experience it as a canal orwetland that is a part of the city.

Why Stormwater management is universal, it is something every country have to deal with and if we can find a way to do so that in turn can be applied to several projects in Sweden or anywhere around the world that would be amazing.

When it comes to contributing to the global goals for sustainable development the project can contribute to the health and well-being, by making the stormwater/bioretention beds and wetlands a public place, park, waterfront walkway and so on.

By dealing with the pollution it will also contribute to marine and marine resources, making sure that the stormwater we release into our water is cleaned and therefor reducing the current pollution.

Ecosystems and biodiversity is another goal the project can assist with. Increasing the biodiversity of the place, reintroducing spieces that once had to leave the the site due to its problems.

Help with pollination and everything inbetween.

Klarastrandsleden Strategic Map

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Site Photos

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KLARA SJÖ How One could argue that we should over-deck the car roads and train tracks and reclaim that place and I could not agree more and I hope that it will be the case in the future. It is really sad to see all of these sites next to the water being used by industries and what not.

However, in this proposal I have decided not to deal with this problem with the reasoning behind it being that those kind of plans usually takes years and years to be realized so I have chosen to keep it at a level that I hope could be done prior to this over-decking. See it as a stepping point if you will. Something that could be done now or even in different stages if that is more convenient.

To start, one would need to research the seabed material, current chemical status, outlet and shipwreck positions and so on. Since the stone residue is such a big part of the proposal, are there any stone extraction sites nearby? And if not, can we transport it by boat?

The water body is rather shallow but enough for a boat to be used as the method of transportation.

The seabed material from the data collected for the dominating first meter shows that it consists mostly of postglacial clay/mud and some glacial clay. No shipwrecks what we can see. Chemical status is not great but there are worse sites, PFOS is the biggest contribution to the pollution just like all of our water bodies.

And finally, stone residue from Hagastaden and/or Slussen could be used for the project and transported via boat.

Stormwater gathering on all hard surfaces along Klara Sjö.

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Stormwater Collection Point Diagram

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KLARA SJÖ

Axonometric Drawing, Present

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Activity Diagram

Axonometric Drawing, Proposal

Activity Diagram

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KLARA SJÖ

Section

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KLARA SJÖ

Axonometric Drawing, Water Access

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Axonometric Drawing, Stair Access

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KLARA SJÖ

Sketches

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RIDDARFJÄRDEN-STOCKHOLMINWATER RIDDARFJÄRDEN/NORRSTRÖM Habitat Loss, Water pollution & water accessibility HABITAT LOSS, WATER POLLUTION AND WATER ACCESSIBILITY Beatrice Selander Selanderand andJulia JuliaNordholm Nordholm Beatrice

What These are the main focus areas: •

Reshaping artificial edges of culturally significant sites to enable human interaction and thereby reestablish an emotional attachment to the waterbody of Riddarfjärden.

•

Reshaping artificial edges to recreate lucrative living environments for fish and mainly the key indicator, perch.

•

Deal with sewage water ending up in lake Riddarfjärden through sequences of wetlands.

•

Create new floating edges where human actors and non-human actors can co-exist.

Why Stockholm is usually described as a city on water that was financed and built around the fishing industry. The strategic placement between saltwater and freshwater provided diverse habitats and nutritious living conditions for water species.

However, shallow waters that many species are dependent on have throughout history disappeared in central parts of Stockholm, either by becoming new land areas or being excavated to create deeper harbours. For a greater biodiversity and healthy living environments for the fishes, such as the perch, new habitats are needed.

Today, Stockholm´s ecological water status is estimated as either unsatisfactory or inadequate according to data from Länsstyrelsen. Due to chemical releases through human activities and constructions, the organisms and water of Stockholm is severely polluted and should not be consumed. Yet, these issues are seldom raised and discussed by the public.

The common idea that Stockholm is a city on water underlines the fact that Stockholmer´s seem to have lost their connection to the water of Stockholm and to the activities that take place underneath the surface. A more accurate description of Stockholm, is a city in water, rather than on water. This project aims at shifting the perspective through interventions along the edges of Riddarfjärden.

This site has a symbolic value due to its central location in Stockholm and the culturally important areas that exist in its surrounding. That will raise the common awareness about these issues and at the same time make more people be able to enjoy the activities in the area.

How To create sustainable habitats, reduce the pollution in the water and create a greater connection between the water and humans, different actors have been studied and taken into account in the proposal.

From the needs of the different actors, five typology solutions are formed. They have been made in relation to this area but can be applied in other places too. The stone resources are valuable when creating the areas. The five different zones are wetlands, shallow waters, artificial islands, piers and floating bridges.

The typology solutions are placed around Riddarfjärden. Combined with walkways, the area is tied together as one. To activate the edges, activities such as canoe rental, harbours, bathing areas and cafes are placed in and around the water. The road along the water is divided into different areas where each has its own character depending on the qualities of the location such as: water depth, stormwater outlets and cultural significance. The different areas are Norr Mälarstrand - City Hall Boardwalk, Floating Allotments, Cold Baths, Urban Archipelago, Floating Bridge and Söder Mälarstrand Housing on Water.

Proposal of new wetland, shallow water and piers in Riddarfjärden

Water body

Fresh and salt water

Subway and railway

Historical map from 1805

Historical map from 1899

Historical drawing from Norr Mälrstrand

Section through Riddarfjärden, from Norr Mälarstrand to Söder Mälarstrand with the symbol of Stockholm, the City hall, in the backround

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White Tailed Eagle Haliaeetus alibicilla

Great Cormorant Phalacrocroax

Pollution

Yellow Water Lilly Nuphar lutea Northern Pike Esox lucius

Common Bleak Alburnus alburnus

Pedestrian

Zandar Sandar lucioperca

Common Perch Perca fluviatilis

Smelt Osmerus esperlanus Phytoplankton

Mussels and Reeds

Anthropoda Crustacea

Mussel

Baltic Water Plantain Alisma wahlenbergii Short Spike Myriophyllum sibiricum

Habitatloss First Dorsal Fin

Brain

Mouth

The perch is a predator.

It has a large mouth with small sharp teeth. One set of teeth is located in the beginning of the mouth and one set is located right before the throat. This enables the perch to lock the prey within it´s mouth.

Main organ of the nervous system.

Sharp and spiny fin.

Maintain balance and enables quick, explosive movements.

Lateral Line

Sensory organ that detects water movements.

It is located underneath the skin, along the spinal core.

Second Dorsal Fin Less sharp than the first dorsal fin. Soft-rayed.

Maintain balance and enable fast movements.

Swimmer

Human actors

Sticklebacks Gasterosteidae Zooplankton

Cyclist

Mussels and reeds have the ability to cleanse water. These actors absorb unwanted chemicals such as nitrogen and phosphorus. Mussels are drawn to hard surfaces with textures. Reeds thrive in shallow waters in wave protected areas. Reeds also reduce the risk of algal blooms and creates important habitats for other species, such as the perch. Reeds are threatened by erosion and the loss of wetlands.

What if tourists were able to rent a canoe over the day instead of commuting by train or bike when visiting Stockholm?

Canoeing enables new perspectives of Stockholm and new ways to travel.

The pedestrian an d the cyclist are two common actors in the city. Also, outdoors bathing is a common activity which takes place all seasons.

To travel by leisure boat within Stockholm municipality is a usual Swedish summer activity and are a typical part of the image of Stockholm.

Stripes and Scale

Characteristic stripes. The color of the stripes and the rest of the scale differs depending on the type of water and living habitat.

The scale is usually light yellow/green or green/ black. The fins are red/ orange.

Canoeist

Caudal Fin

Provides the power that the Perch needs to move forward.

Gills

Closed Swim Bladder

Respiratory surfaces consisting of blood vessels that enables the uptake of oxygen in water.

Pelvic Fin

Controls the direction of the movement.

Contains oxygen and functions as a hydrostatic organ. Controls the depth and prevents the Perch from floating upward or to sink.

The closed swim bladder enables intake of oxygen directly from the water, quick movements and to swim in deep waters.

Anal Fin Provides stability.

Leisure boat owner

Connection to water

The Perch is a preditior that eats small fishes, crustacean and mussles, but is also itself a prey

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RIDDARFJÄRDEN-STOCKHOLM IN WATER HABITAT LOSS, WATER POLLUTION AND WATER ACCESSIBILITY Water vegetation Gravel Clay Rocks ca 600 mm width

Water vegetation Soil

Water vegetation Clay Gravel Rocks ca 600 mm width Larger rocks ca 900 mm width

Vegetation Soil Gravel Rocks ca 600 mm width Larger rocks ca 900 mm width

Wood pathway Gabion

Wood platforms Gabion

Wetland

Shallow water

Artificial island

Stormwater outlets are highlighted as one of the main sources for chemicals ending up in the water. The traditional construction of stormwater outlets have combined day water pipes and sewage pipes. During heavy rainfalls, which occur multiple times of the year in the Stockholm region, and are estimated to increase due to global warming, day water and sewage water are floating out unprocessed into the water of Stockholm. This is causing eutrophication and disturbances among the fish population.

The perch is thrivin g in shallow waters in the summer, where it can seek protection and enjoy the warm waters. However, it is migrating to deeper waters for hunting. This is also where the perch spends its adolescence. Vegetation protects the fish from predators and provides nutritions and the perch especially benefits from areas with moderate amounts of vegetation.

Perch, like most fish species, migrate to shallow waters for spawning. The meeting between the shallow waters and artificial islands is a perfect habitat for this. This is where the perch lays its eggs.

In this proposal, stormwater pipes are connected to sequences of wetlands before being released into the water. Wetlands on land are also beneficial for other species and organisms.

Pollinators could use the new green infrastructure that the wetlands surrounding Riddarfjärden are creating.

Outlets today

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Proposal of new wetland

The shallow water will also act as a wetland where the water depth can change depending on the sea level and the amount of rain. The wetland with its vegetation creates a cleansing effect of the water that is passing by.

Walkways on the artificial islands are working as paths for humans in this area of shallow water. They are also working as a connection to the water through platforms down to the water where the visitors can sit down an d en joy the area. This system is adapted to be able to work regardless of the sea water level, which fluctuates over time depending on the season and weather, and can vary even more in the future due to climate change.

Stones from tunnel excavation are used in the bottom layer to create the right depth, the areas in between are filled with smaller stones and gravel. Above the stones, soil is placed to enable vegetation to grow. On the top of the soil, gravels are put to reduce the amount of soil washed away.

Depth under water (3 & 6 m) today

Proposal of shallow waters

Edges today

Wooden walking paths Gabions Larger rocks ca 900 mm width Rocks ca 600 mm width Gravel

Pier

Floating bridges

The Piers creates a new place for docking boats in and an area for new activities to take place on. At the same time it protects the shallower areas, but is not fully closed off from the rest of the lake. Openings along the pier, enables the perch to migrate peacefully between shallow water and deeper water.

Floating bridges are considered to be more ecologically beneficial than pillar bridges. This is because pillars need strong constructions in order to stay in place. These constructions are harming the underwater habitat, which would take years to get reestablished.

The steep slope that the pier creates are important areas for the perch, especially in the winter. This is where the perch decides where to migrate based on the pressure. During warmer periods, with high pressure, it more often migrates to shallow areas, and during colder periods, with lower pressure, it migrates closer to the lake floor.

The pontoons that are carrying the bridge are designed to attract mussels on the bottom and birds on the top. Mussels have the capacity to cleanse water and birds are in need of safe places unreachable for humans. Mussels are drawn to textured materials and birds to vegetation. Therefore these elements were incorporated into the design.

Additionally, the gabions that the pier is partly constructed of provides a good surface for the mussels to Furthermore, floating wetlands are integrated into the design to compensate for the increased boat traffic. It attach to. would also serve as an ecological intervention in a larger sense. Moreover, greenery on top of the bridge strengthens the movement pattern and habitat for pollinators.

Proposal of new artificial islands

Ferry routs today

Proposal of ferry routs

Walkways along Riddarfjärden today

Proposal of walkways along Riddarfjärden

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RIDDARFJÄRDEN - STOCKHOLM IN WATER HABITAT LOSS, WATER POLLUTION AND WATER ACCESSIBILITY

Six areas with different characteristics surrounding the water body Land and building Under water curves (3 & 6 m) Deep water Harbour Wetland Mussel farming Boat Walking and cycling path Public transport station Ferry lines Baths Canoe rental Canoe launch and landing spot Canoe path Shallow water Soft edge

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Norr Mälarstrand - City Hall Boardwalk

Floating allotments

This site is a well-used walking path among Stockholmers. The water is close in proximity, but is unreachable for humans. Artificial man-made edges have created harsh living environments for the perch as well as for other water species. An artificial wetland would enable the perch to reestablish thriving habitats.

Between 1954-1967, Riddarbron, a provisional pontoon bridge, was used to connect Norrmalm with Söder Mälarstrand. Riddarbron was used by pedestrians, cars and cyclists. Docking areas were placed along its edges. Today, movement between the three districts: Norrmalm, Riddarholmen and Söder Mälarstrand, are difficult. Although these areas are geographically close, they are lacking in connectivity. Therefore the proposal is a new bridge in the same place.

The stone resources are also used to create piers where new activities and docking areas are placed. The existing houseboats located along Norr Mälarstrand are moved to the new docking area to create a multifunctional boardwalk consisting of: households, canoe renting, cafées, restaurants and bathing spots.

Along the new floating bridge between Norrmalm and Riddarholmen floating allotments are placed. Floating allotments have recently been introduced and tried in Sweden, this has a good potential for the future. The allotments create awareness of underwater activities. The central location of the allotments serves as a symbolic value and since the allotments are part of the floating bridge they are visible for the public when passing by.

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RIDDARFJÄRDEN-STOCKHOLM IN WATER HABITAT LOSS, WATER POLLUTION AND WATER ACCESSIBILITY

Riddarholmen - Cold baths

Urban archipelago

Sweden has a tradition of outdoor cold bathing throughout the year. Historically, cold baths were installed for health and equality reasons, so that people of all social classes had the opportunity to shower. Today, cold baths are considered a leisure activity. During colder periods, it is especially seen as a ritual of wellbeing. Between 1884-1936, Riddarholmen had a floating cold bath outside of the parliament. The bath closed due to increased poor water quality in Riddarfjärden. In recent years, numerous proposals of a new cold bath have been presented.

Outside of the Gamla stan´s subway station is an area in risk of flooding due to climate changes. To reduce the risk, stone resources could create a barrier in the shape of a pier. Wetlands and shallow waters inside of the pier area also protects this site from flooding.

A re-installed and updated cold bath in this area would increase Stockholmer´s access to the water, while strengthening the cultural value. Riddarholmen is, despite its central placement, an anonymous area for many Stockholmers. It is difficult to reach without local knowledge, and the walking paths that connect the area to other districts are unclear and confusing. There are no social activities, other than a park consisting mostly of concrete. A new cold bath would make the area attractive for visitors again.

Historically cold bath in this area in 1884-1936

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Summer bathing

Winter bathing

Moreover, this area has the potential to utilize its location further. It is placed next to one of Stockholm's busiest tourist districts, Gamla stan. The connections are close in proximity, with the subway station within walking distance, as well as several bus stops. However, for today, the area has few activities to offer.

To change that, bars, food trucks and an open stage are proposed to elongate Gamla stan´s bar streets to the area outside of the subway entrance. Everything you need for a great evening!

Regarding flora and fauna, artificial islands and shallow waters provide great habitats for reeds and the perch. This also creates a nice setting to the bar and cafe area.

Flooding close to the subway entrance

Floating bridge

Söder Mälarstrand - Housings on water

Stockholm would benefit from adding an updated pontoon bridge for pedestrians and cyclists. This would make the journey between the district of Riddarholmen and Söder Mälarstrand smoother, while creating closeness to the water. The proposed bridge consists of platforms that are connected by smaller bridges.

By not having the bridge entirely touching the water, light can shine through and boat traffic can pass underneath. Floating bridges are a great way of preserving underwater habitats. Untouched areas are usually the most diverse, and constructions such as poles have a risk of harming an already thriving habitat.

Stockholm has a housing shortage that especially affects young adults and students. If the houseboats by Söder Mälarstrand were to be reorganized, there would be room for additional households on water. From an ecological standpoint, the underwater surfaces could be designed to attract mussels by using textures and the roof to attract birds by using vegetation. Buildings on water also adds to the image of Stockholm, making the edges more active.

On land, wetlands are proposed to filter storm- and day water. The area outside of the edges in this district is deep. Therefore, no islands or new piers are proposed here. However, wetlands in sequence would be beneficial in this location due to lack of vegetation, several storm water outlets, and large amounts of unused land. Additionally, the existing bay area mainly consists of cobblestone which could be easily modified. More greenery would also create a pleasant environment for humans as well as pollinators.

Reflection Stockholm consists of numerous inhabitants, and far from all of those are humans. The city is placed in water, not on water. The collective idea of a city on water, that is exclusive for humans, has to change. This proposal we think can be helping with that. at the same time as it is creating more habitats, reducing the pollution in the water and creating a better contact between the humans and the water.

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ESSINGEFJÄRDEN Mats Andersson, Gustav Björling and Veronika Jalas WHAT

HOW

This project started as a question regarding the potential use of the stone mass residues being excavated along with the extensions of Stockholm’s infrastructure. We identified some problems when it comes to using excavated stone mass. The stone masses are often covered in nitrogen from the explosives used. Another large problem is the weight of the stone. Transporting the stone has an impact on the infrastructure and the transportation releases a lot of CO² pollution.

We propose that the stone mass would be cleaned at the excavation sites before being transported over water instead of land and in that way also reduce some of the transportation’s impact. (see fig.1)

By looking at the different sites of excavations in Stockholm we found that there are two of them located at Lovön. These areas are interesting due to being located close to the water.

With these potentials and challenges in mind, we have come up with 3 different proposals of how the stone can be used to both improve the quality of the water and serve a wide variety of species, as well as creating more biodiverse places.

We chose to work with an area close to Lovön, Essingefjärden, the water area between the islands of Stora- and Lilla Essingen, Alviks strand, and the shoreline of Fredhäll (see fig. 2). The area is a part of Mälaren which consists of brackish water, it’s situated rather central within Stockholm.

WHY Essingefjärden unfortunately has a lot of problems with it’s water quality. The water in the area is suffering from low oxygen levels at the seafloor.

Further its surrounded by large bridges, cliffs, and other hard surfaces leading a lot of polluted storm water directly into the water (see fig. 3).

Looking at the different shorelines around Essingefjärden there is also plenty of planned construction in Alvik strand, Fredhäll, and Stora Essingen (see fig. 4). Sadly, these projects are aimed towards very specific stakeholders, humans.

Instead of only planning for humans, we would like to work towards making a better place for a multitude of stakeholders, including more species.

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The Seafloor is also shallow at certain parts and therefore not used by the traffic on the water, which makes good areas for potential islands made of stone residue (see fig.5).

GLOBAL GOALS RELEVANT TO OUR PROPOSALS

GOOD HEALTH AND WELL-BEING - Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages.

CLEAN WATER AND SANITATION - Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all.

INDUSTRY, INNOVATION AND INFRASTRUCTURE - Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialization and foster innovation.

SUSTAINABLE CITIES AND COMMUNITIES - Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable.

CLIMATE ACTION - Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts.

LIFE BELOW WATER - Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development.

LIFE ON LAND - Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversitry loss.

N

Figure 1. Excavation sites and possible transportation routes on water for the stone mass.

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ESSINGEFJÄRDEN

Figure 2. Essingefjärden; the water room in between the shorelines and bridges.

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Figure 3. Bridges surrounding Essingefjärden responsible for a lot of the polluted storm water.

Figure 4. Current areas being planned and reconstructed.

Figure 5. Strategic locations to create islands or extend the shorelines and existing water traffic.

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ESSINGEFJÄRDEN

MULTIFUNCTIONAL ISLANDS Gustav Björling

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Location: Stora Essingen Size of the island: 73 000 m² Current population: 4468 (2017) Municipality: Stockholm This proposal aims to discover some of the potential usecases of the stone masses excavated from the massive infrastructures currently going on in the city of Stockholm. The choice of area to study with fell on the spatial room formed between Alvik Strand, the islands of Stora- and Lilla Essingen, as well as the coast along Fredhäll. In our group we commonly refer to it as Essingefjärden, translated to “The Essinge Fjord”. Here I wanted to look closer at the different problem that the area and its inhabitants are subjects to. Sadly it’s a very common sight to see projects being very specified of the potential benefits offered and towards whom. In this project I have instead looked at different solutions that aim towards making it better for as many stakeholders as possible. Does a dock have to be a hostile climate for fish or does a natural shoreline mean that constructions should stay away?

After the positive attributes of this area was discussed; The already ongoing plans to change many of the areas as well as the waterway being a good way of transporting masses, we found a large area out in the water outside of Stora Essingen thats more shallow. With a patch of seafloor thats made of solid rock, I thought it would serve as a perfect foundation to create islands out of the stone masses. Hence, I chose to work with the southern shore of Stora Essingen, which is currently consisting of a rather empty shore as well as large office buildings. With the close proximity to the tram station on the island it also enchances some of the proposed solutions mentioned to the right.

CHALLENGES

PROPOSED SOLUTIONS

Stonemasses from excavation sites

Stonemasses from excavation sites

a) Contains nitrogen waste from the explosives used at the excavation sites.

a) Could be cleaned at the locations of excavation in order to save resources on transportation.

b) Heavy weight means more challenges in transportation.

b) Majority of the transportation route is by boat, which is more effiecent than most land-based vehicles as well as it can be released directly into the water.

c) What could the masses be used for?

c) We could create islands that affects both the world above the surface as well as below.

Current water climate in the Essinge Fjord a) Lack of oxygen on the seafloor b) The shorelines are prone to erosion

a) By creating more calm water areas with shallow parts we allow for more water-vegetation to thrive. The new stone bottom could also be layered with mud, soil, and sand.

c) The water is affected negatively by polluted storm water, especially from the surrounding bridges.

b) With larger rocks used as wavebreakers, the water can be calmed down to help the longelivity of the shorelines. c) With the use of a variety of vegetation and water-living organisms such as clams and more wetland shorelines more pollutions can be cleansed.

EXAMPLE OF STAKEHOLDER SPECIES Species: Perch (Percha fluviatilis) Characteristics: Two back fins and stripes Climate: Fresh water Location: Commonly found in Mälaren Diet: Carnivore Size: Normally 1 - 40 cm in length Spawns: During spring in calm waters Depths: Various depending on size Problem: Habitat loss Project service: Creation of more habitats Species: Reed (Phragmites australis) Characteristics: Tall stems with cigar-like tops Climate: Fresh & salt water Location: Along shorelines and in wetlands Size: Erect stem can be 2 - 4 meters Depths: Prefers shallow water Perks: Produces oxygen in the water Symbiosis: Creates excellt habitat for fish Problem: Lack of shallow areas to spread Project service: Creation of more shallow water

Current water climate in the Essinge Fjord

Stockholms urban situation

Stockholms urban situation

a) Housing shortages and increasing prices in the housing market.

a) Could be cleaned at the locations of excavation in order to save resources on transportation.

b) Lack of leisure space when the city grows.

b) Majority of the transportation route is by boat, which is more effiecent than most land-based vehicles as well as it can be released directly into the water.

c) Central locations with good communication are already hardly exploited.

Animal habitats a) Lack of areas for the fish to play and spawn. b) Lack of living spaces for underwater species.

c) We could create islands that affects both the world above the surface as well as below.

Animal habitats a) By creating more calm and shallow waters in forms of canals, fish can get a safe haven to mate. b) With the variety of differnt depths of the slopes creating the shores of the islands more areas are created to live in. The sloping seafloors may also be filled with different top-layers to help different species to thrive.

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ESSINGEFJÄRDEN

STORMWATER PARK Mats Andersson

How can we expand our built environment within our cities, without disrupting natural environments? When exploiting these areas, how can we enable a higher level of biodiversity by using stone masses from Stockholms new infrastructure projects?

In my proposal I take a closer look at Stora Essingen, where the municipality of Stockholm has not yet completed the detailed development plan for the area. Today there is a lot of large office buildings and parking spaces that could have a new use. The existing sloping road, Segelbåtsvägen, would be transformed into a green/blue space with a stormwater channel, that connects the urban city with the water. My goal is also to transform the area with new islands by using stone masses.

By adding stone masses as landfilling, we could create more habitats for animals and more green public spaces for humans to explore. The masses are placed on shallow water, which would not affect the boat traffic, since it is already limited by the shallow water. By creating several small islands, the outermost islands would act as a barrier to the more central islands and create a calm zone and protect them from both waves and from noise. Within this zone, wetlands could emerge and spawning areas and habitats are created for animals.

This transformation of Stora Essingen with a new stormwater channel and new islands could also be applied on Alvik och Lilla Essingen. This would create a new identity in a centrally located site in Stockholm and become one attractive destination for humans to explore and strengthen our awareness of nature.

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PROCESS OVER TIME, STEP BY STEP: 1. STORMWATER

2. STONEMASSES

Segelbåtsvägen, would be transformed into a green/blue space with a stormwater channel, that connects the urban city with the water.

-Transport 541 000m3 stone, from the excavation site on Lovön to Stora Essingen by boat, to create new islands.

-Placing stonemasses on shallow water and create a protective zone within the islands.

3. VEGETATION

4. ANIMALS

Green- and Brown algaes, and common reed are some examples of vegetation that could emerge within the islands and create mating areas for fish and habitats for other animals.

-Fish species that use shallow shoreline for mating areas.

-Bird families that are strongly associated with wetlands.

- Other species as amphibians, insects and other species.

5. ACCESSIBLE MANS

HU-

6. NEW USE OF EXISTING BUILDINGS

-Walkway with bridges that are connecting the islands.

-Floating jetties outside of the islands with boat docks, kayak rental, Saunas and bathing possibilities.

-Instead of demolition; there would be a mixed-use for the existing office buildings, with new apartments with green terraces.

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ESSINGEFJÄRDEN

THE SWAN MUSSLE ISLANDS Veronika Jalas

LOCATION Alviks strand

Apartments: 450 Inhabitants: 1000

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Alviks Strand is located in Alvik, Bromma. There is a plan to rebuild the area, turning office buildings into apartment buildings. The area has a lot of erosion due to boat-traffic and the water is of bad quality and has low levels of oxygen on the seafloor. Is there a way to solve the problems in the sea, and at the same time make Alvik Strand a nicer habitat for the people?

CONCEPT

SPECIE

The Swan Mussle Islands are built of stone residue coming from the excavations of infrastructure projects in Stockholm. The islands double as a breakwater structure, helping the old water edges from eroding. The stone masses create shallow water that allow fish to spawn, and the mussle farm cleans the water from pollution. This allows more species to inhabitat the place. The islands create more leisurespace for humans such as a beach and a park, which is needed as more residential buildings are built in Alvik.

The harbour provides visitors with new ways of transportation to and from the Essingeislands.

The swan mussle farm provides oxygen to the seafloor by filtering the water and picking up particles like nitrogen and phosphorus, that usually lead to overfertilization. This creates healthier waters and better habitats for the old species, and lets new species inhabitat the place.

A PLACE FOR ALL

SWAN MUSSLE

Local plan for new residential buildings

Islands made of stone residue

STEP 1

0-1 YEAR Store the stonemasses at the excavation site until they are clean.

Then ship them to the site by boat.

STEP 2

The Swan Mussle shapes the Islands

1 YEAR Build artificial islands that doubles as breakwater structures. Create shallow waters where more species can live.

STEP 3

Swan Mussle farm cleans the water

1+YEARS Underwater plants will start growing in the shallow waters and create places where fish can spawn.

STEP 4

2 YEARS Bridge-walkways between the islands with seafarms under to clean the water. Allows more species to move in.

Axonometric view of the Swan Mussle Islands

STEP 5

FUTURE Harbour for private boats wanting to visit the place. SL-ferry to connect Alvik to the Essinge Islands.

STEP 6

FUTURE Further improve recreation when more people move in. Possibility to build a sauna and pergola e.g.

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ÅRSTAVIKEN

Mingyu Qiu, Yunxi Wu and Bingrong Huo

What The site is located around Liljeholmskajen, a new community in Liljeholmen that has been built recently. From the aerial view, the boundary of Liljeholmenskajen remains undefined. Considering the torrential condition near the boundary, the hard edge may result in heavy storm-water into Lake Mälaren. And the east side of this future community is subject to erosion. The small island Årsta holmar between Liljeholmen and Hornstull is an important habitat for wild animals.

However, it will be flooded as the sea level rises.

Liljeholmen is a mixed-use and high-density area with large number of residential buildings. It is stated in Stockholm City Plan that Liljeholmen is the starting point of the southbound development corridor following Hägerstensvägen. It suggests great need of public space to connect different neighborhoods. All those factors make this area around water full of potential.

Why 17 SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT GOALS 6.Clean Water and Sanitation. There are many biological methods to clean water. For instance, oyster and wetlands can help clean the water.

9&10. Innovation and Infrastructure. Reduced Inequalities. Green open spaces themselves with paths and artificial facilities are important infrastructures that open for people in Stockholm.

11&12. Sustainable cities and communities.

Responsible consumption and Production.

Sustainability was a primary focus in the waterrelated district design. Sustainable alternatives for managing water should be carefully studied.

13. Climate Action. Sea level rise is a urgent threat to Stockholm, and Stockholm will suffer from flooding in the future scenario. Therefore, taking

the threats into consideration for the future design might be a reasonable idea.

14&15. Life below water. Life on Land. It is learned from Jehander ‘s practice in Loten that wetlands can consume nitrogen from stone residue from TUB and in return provide nutrient for flora and fauna both below water and on land.

How Our project aims to diversify both forest, wetland and aqua life and recreational potential in the surrounding of Årstaviken- Liljeholmskajen, Årstaskogen, Årstaholmar and Sodermalm. Årstaviken is part of the Lake Mälaren. However, the water quality of Årstaviken is not as good as other parts of the Lake Mälaren due to the industry history of Liljeholmen. Årstaskogen and Årstaholmar are important natural reserves in Stockholm and have important protect value. Considering the special location of them, it is a perfect place to become the central stop for the flying animal and create shelter for amphibians and aquatic.

Stockholm Strategic Map

Potential Connection

Potential Amphibian Habitat

Our project is generally divided into three interwoven parts- green corridor connecting Lake Trekanten and Årstaviken, riverside park in Liljeholmskajen, and multifunctional wetlands and mussel farm in Årstaholmar.

Wetland

Green corridor will capture the rain water and riverside park will filter the stormwater that come from the green corridor before flowing into Årstaviken to create better habitats for animals in Årstaholmar. Connecting Lake Trekanten with Årstaviken will enhance their both characters as natural habitat. Mussel farm and expanded wetlands will filter the water. Heron is chosen from multiple species as main character to connect Årstaskogen and Årstaholmar. All this effort will in return create marvelous resort for human.

Historical Collage

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Weak Connection

PURIFICATION

Purification Corridor

Artificial Hard Edges Semi-hard Edges Nature Edges SOFT THE SHORELINE

Improving

Proposed route Present route Stone resource RERANGE THE ROUTE

Stone Using

Green Connection Strategic Connection Main Traffic Important Meeting Space

C

Nature Reserve

Nature Reserve Public Space

Stone Resource

Accessibility PUBLIC ACTIVITY

Strategic Diagram

Public Center

Visual Connection

Strategic Map

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ÅRSTAVIKEN

1873

1901

1951 Master Plan

Historical Map

There are many similar elements throughout the project. There are general ideas for detailed design, including landscape furniture, greening installations, and landscape cores.

Elements

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James Corner wrote in Terra Fluxus that “ ‘Complex’ is an important term here, and I shall return to it; suffice it to say that for Jensen, as for Olmsted and even for Le Corbusier in his Plan Voisin- this “green complex” comes in the form of parks and green open spaces, accompanied by the belief that such environments will bring civility, health, social equity, and economic development to the city.”

Axonometroc Drawing

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ÅRSTAVIKEN Hej! I am heron! We are long-legged, longnecked, freshwater and coastal birds in the family Ardeidae. Almost all of us are associated with water; We are essentially nonswimming waterbirds that feed on the margins of lakes, rivers, swamps, ponds, and the sea.

Insect

Crab

Frog

Pike

Pike

Perch

Perch

Mussel

We are a highly mobile family, with most species being at least partially migratory. Some of us are partially migratory, for example, the grey heron, which is mostly sedentary in Britain, but mostly migratory in Scandinavia.

Species Analysis

Photo taken from: The Sibley Field Guide by David Allen Sibley

ÅRSTASKOGEN

Eco-system Section

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ÅRSTAVIKEN

ÅRSTAHOLM

MAR

Street Section Diagram

ÅRSTAVIKEN

SODERMALM

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ÅRSTAVIKEN

Construction Sections

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Our project is divided into three parts: Green corridor connecting Lake Trekanten and Årstaviken, riverside park in Liljeholmskajen, and multifunctional wetlands and mussel farm in Årstaholmar.

Green corridor will capture the rain water and riverside park will filter the stormwater that come from the green corridor before flowing into Årstaviken to create better habitats for animals in Årstaholmar.

Connecting Lake Trekanten with Årstaviken will enhance their both characters as natural habitat.

Mussel farm and expanded wetlands will filter the water. Heron is chosen from multiple species as main character to connect Årstaskogen and Årstaholmar.

Wetland in Trekanten

Wetland in Årstaviken

Soften the Shoreline

Wetland park in Sjövikstorget

Into Årstaholmar

Mussel Farm

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HAMMERBY SJÖ HAMARBY SJÖ HAMMERBY GARDENS HAMARBY GARDENS Lukas Bachsoliani

Lukas Bachsoliani

What?

Why?

Hammarby gardens is part of a larger concept, called the Yellow Ribbon. The Yellow Ribbon is an uninterrupted boardwalk along the shoreline of Hammarby Sjö and Årstaviken, The aim was to connect fragmented habitats and shorelines and to generate stronger transitions between green and blue wedges. The Yellow Ribbon aims to create a more resilient socio-environmental ecosystem.

One major focus of the Yellow Ribbon project was the area around Hammarby Sluss, which currently presents a strong environmental and social bottleneck and barrier. This project focuses on the area on the side of Hammarby Sjö.

Throughout centuries most coastal cities have turned their shorelines to hard edged harbors or promenades, which produce hostile environments for marine life. This ship and industry oriented design methodology starkly reminds of the car oriented design principles from the past century, leaving out social and environmental factors. As in many other coastal cities, Stockholm faces similar issues, with generally poor water quality, declining ecological diversity and a sometimes social detachment from the waters edges in the city. This project aims to increase biodiversity, ecological interaction and create better living environments.

It will also have positive effects on air and water quality, while creating a micro economic system of aquatic food production in urban farms. The Yellow Ribbon intends to achieve an overall environment of social interaction, learning and places for psychological well-being.

The environment in Hammarby Sjö leading up to Hammarby lock could be regarded as a canal situation, where boats are docking on both sides.

The water edges have been turned to hard walls, rising approximately 3m above the water level, to allow boats to dock. This represents one major design constraint in this area, any change to the shoreline needs to preserve boat docking capacity, to talk about a politically viable solution. Some interventions have already been done close to Hammarby Sjöstad to increase the environmental and social quality of the waters edges, however much more needs to be done to achieve an overall resilient environment.

As a solution, protected pockets are created along the edges of the canal, which will be hard-edged from the outside, so boats are still able to dock, however on the inside there will be soft edges to mimic the once historical shorelines of this location. In the center of the pockets, seaweed and mussel farms will be created, which will bring socio-environmental benefits. The Farms will filter the water, create habitats for different kind of fish and finally, when harvested, could be sold locally to restaurants and smaller shops. To strengthen the pockets and soften up the overall coastline even more, a connection between the pockets is made along the length of the canal.

How? To achieve the soft shorelines the sheltered pockets will be filled up with the excavated rocks.

Aquatic vegetation will be planted inside, to create a variety of habitats, for, both sea and land dwelling species. The seaweed and mussel farms serve a dual purpose, they are constructed with floating square park modules, where people can relax and socialize.

The walk way above is transparent to permeate light below, while the hard canal walls are replaced by 3D printed organically shaped ceramic tiles, whose shapes are modeled based on local marine reefs.

At the height of the walk way, the 3D printed tiles transition into a green stripe of trees and shrubs.

This green stripe serves the function of connecting various fragmented amphibian networks in the city, but will also be useful for many other terrestrial and avian species. Inside the pockets, the walk way will drop down to lower levels, to bring the humans closer to the water and to generate socially pleasing and relaxing environments at the waterfront.

Hammarby Gardens, showing a pocket park with the aquatic garden-farm.

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The Yellow Ribbon

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HAMARBY HAMMERBY SJÖ GARDENS

Proposed network of blue-green habitats along the Yellow Ribbon.

Areas with high social value.

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Proposed pocket parks in Hammarby Sjö.

B

A

B

A

Plan view of one of the pocket parks, showing a grid of modules assembled as a garden-farm.

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HAMARBY HAMMERBY SJÖ GARDENS

Shipping

Recreation

n tio llu Po

Pollution

Food

d Foo

Food

Restaurants

N

Create

s curre

nts

Air

Sea Lettuce (Ulva lactuca) farm

sci Eg e

2

Excretion

CO

on

Mussels farm

P

Filter

Amphibians Water

Fo

od

itat

Hab

At the core of this ecosystem are the garden-farms, serving as recreational areas and gathering places for the public and where mainly sea lettuce and mussels are being grown.

Markets

d Foo

This project aims to create a resilient and vibrant socio-ecological ecosystem by adding layers of interwoven solutions involving a multitude of actors, each playing their own role.

Filter

Food

Insects

Food Birds

Fish

Slo

Invertebrates

wd

ow

nc

urr

Food

en

ts

Simplified socio-ecological system diagram of the key actors in the area.

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Section B – B showing a cut through a pocket park, the pier allows ships to dock from outside, but is partially filled up with stone from the inside to create soft shorelines.

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HAMARBY SJÖ HAMMERBY GARDENS

Section A – A showing a cut through a garden-farm. In between the square floating modules underwater ropes can be suspended to accommodate for the sea lettuce and mussel farms.

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The garden-farms are constructed by assembling square shaped 2x2m floating modules. The modules can be connected up in many ways, thus leaving the overall layout of the water garden-farms flexible and adaptable to existing needs. These structures could be permanent, semi-permanent or temporary, according to the requirements of the city.

The floating 2x2m modules can be assembled in various ways, creating different kinds of spaces. Planters and benches can be fixed to a standard module at different points,

some modules might also act as complete 2x2 planters. Initially such islands can be tested on smaller scales to find the best solutions.

The Ceramic tiles are prefabricated and assembled in-situ row by row, while being backfilled with the excavated rocks. Gradual slopes on the relief will allow amphibians to traverse the 3 meters between the water and green shrubs on top.

Transparent surfaces can be used at some points of the floating islands to allow more light underneath the garden-farms and also create learning opportunities for observant people above.

To soften up the existing hard edge of the canal 3D printed organically shaped ceramic tiles are constructed in front, sloping more gradually towards the seabed. The tiles are interlocking, fastened at the top and bottom and backfilled with the excavated rocks from the metro project.

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ÖSTERSJÖN BALTIC SEA FLOOD LOCK Martin Lättman

What The Baltic Sea Flood Lock is a drastic, large scale, cross nation respons to an extreme yet rapidly approaching near future where a rising sea level – as a result of climate change – is expected to flood large areas of the Baltic Sea region, causing unprecedented damages to each and every society surrounding it.

Why Before the year of 2100 scientists predict that the sea level may rise up to 1 meter. Already at that point we will see a series of disastards affecting our societies. But while 1 meter might sound like a lot today, we cannot simply expect the sea level to suddenly stop rising at that point.

As a matter of fact, several scientists claim that we have already initiated an unstoppable motion for the next centuries to come, that ultimately will cause the sea level to rise by 5-9 meters.

Consequently, sustainable and long-term actions against climate change have to be strategicly planned and resistant to scenarios like this rather than just 1 meter. Putting it in a larger perspective, the absolute worst case scenario this planet might be facing, according to National Geographic, is a scenario where all the ice of our poles and glaciers has melted. At this point sea levels will rise with as much as 66 meters.

On a local level, in the Stockholm and Mälardalen region, raised sea levels by only 0.7 meters would result in disasterous consequences. Mälaren, the fresh water source to more than 2 million people, would already be flooded by then, erosion would have endangered the natural habitats of most human and non-human actors, critical infrastructure that our entire society rely upon would probably already be destroyed and, not at least, enormous economical values would be at stake. And these are just some of them.

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Zooming out to a larger scale one will quickly realise that these threats are in no way unique to Stockholm. As a matter of fact, to almost every other coastal city in the the entire Baltic Sea region; Copenhagen, St. Petersburg, Kiel, Gdansk, Tallinn, Riga, Helsinki, Kaliningrad, to name some of them, the threat of sea level rise is just as urgent to every single one of them as to Stockholm.

Regardless of the exact time and to which extent the sea level will be rising, preventive measures have to taken as soon as possible. Several cities in the Baltic Sea region are already planning for flood gates or artificial barriers and islands. While these are all definitely steps in the right direction, they are generally just protecting against storm surges and high tides, temporary events in other words, and not against the most severe threat, permanently raised sea levels. Also, these actions are only local protections, leaving the vast majority of the region outside.

Sea level rise is not a local phenomenon and should to the largest extent possible neither be treated as one. Instead, by co-ordinating the protection on a cross-nation level, we can achieve much more effective protection by controlling the sea level on a regional level, and utimately save the entire Baltic Sea region from being flooded, rather than just individual cities.

How In order to be able to control the sea level of the the Baltic Sea the inflow of water must be stopped at certain geographic locations. This is done at the narrowest and most shallow locations possible: (1) from Helsingborg in the east, across Öresund to Helsingør, (2) accross Stora Bält to Funen and (3) finally across Lilla Bält to the Jutland peninsula. .

In the near future sea levels will reach a critical point where we have to take action and start contolling it ourselves. The inflow of water will then have to be stopped at certain geographic locations. This is done at the narrowest and most shallow locations possible, according to the image above to the right.

(1) Helsingborg to Helsingør - 5 km - Main transportation/boat traffic passage (2) Stora Bält to Funen - 13,9 km - Water level control using pump systems (3) Lilla Bält to the Jutland 0,8 km - Transportation & boat traffic passage Artificial island principle As sea levels continue to rise the island be prapared to expand higher up and further out towards The Atlantic in order to prevent the Baltic Sea to be flooded.

Situation plan

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BALTIC SEA FLOOD LOCK

Sektion A-A

Sektion B-B

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Urbanism & Landscape Studio, 2021 KTH Royal Institute of Technology School of Architecture Stockholm, Sweden Ania Öst Hanna Erixon Aalto Ulrika Stenkula

WITH THANKS TO

Marta Bohlmark, Gaia Arkitektur

Dan Svensson, ELU, Head of Department

Luc Pagès, Stockholm stad

Anna Maria Orrù, Konstfack, Nordic Biomimicry cofounder

Juha Salonsaari, Stockholm stad

Julio Cabrera Arias, KTH School of Architecture

Oliver Karlöf, Stockholm stad

Lisa Maria Enzenhofe, Breathe Earth Collective, Green4Cities

Sverker Lovén, Stockholm stad

Nina-Marie Lister, School of Urban + Regional Planning at Ryerson

Mustafa Sherif, Urbanistica Podcast

University

Fredrik Gröndahl, SEED, KTH Stockholm

Kate Orff, SCAPE

Erik Andersson, Stockholm Resilence Centre

Nans Voron, SCAPE

Felicia Sjösten Harlin, White Arkitekter

Elin Tanding Sørensen, Urban Living Laboratory

Mattias Gustafsson, Urbio landskap Patrick Verhoeven, MANDAWORKS Erik Winquist, KTH School of Architecture Erik Aalto, Artist

Studio Urbanism & Landscape KTH Arkitekturskolan, Stockholm 2021