Building Science & Services E-Portfolio

Student ID: 0349273 School: The Design School Module: Building Science & Services

Topic: Assignment 2- Indoor Comfort Design and “Invention” Batch: August 2021 Lecturer: Ms Sharon

TABLE OF CONTENT

PART A- EXISTING ANALYSIS AND CALCULATION

1 Existing analysis

1.1. Introduction to chosen room 1.2. Layout plan 1 3 Explanation of walls’ direction 1.4. Elevation drawings of all walls (Sequence: East, South, West, North) 2. Temperature 2 1 1 Indoor temperature 2.1.2. Outdoor temperature 2.1.3. Other spaces’ temperature 3. Heat transfer calculation 3 1 Wall 1 details and Wall 1’s calculation 3 2 Wall 2 details and Wall 2’s calculation 3.3. Wall 3 details and Wall 3’s calculation 3.4. Wall 4 details and Wall 4’s calculation 3 5 Wall 5 details and Wall 5’s calculation 3 6 Wall 6 details and Wall 6’s calculation

7.2. Material selection 8. Model-making process 8 1 Model-making process 8.2. Testing 9. Appendix

9.1. Receipts and cost-evidence 9 2 Total cost 9 3 Problem faced during making process 9.4. The financial value of the design idea 10. Reflection on overall experience 11 References

PART A- EXISTING ANALYSIS AND CALCULATION

1. Existing Analysis

1

1 Introduction of the room

Figure 1 1 - The compass he South direction

Figure 1.2 - The panorama of the bedroom

The chosen site is a small-sized bedroom (excluding the washroom) on the second floor of a double-storey terrace house. Referring to figure 1.3 (on the next page), the chosen site (rendered with tilted yellow lines ) only has 2 openings: three casement windows facing the North side and a door facing the South side

1.2. Layout plan

Figure 1 3 - The layout plan of selected site

1 3 Explanation of wal

Wall 1 faces Sout hown in Figure 3.1 on the previou

Wall 2 face the West and it connects to the neighbour’s house

Figure 1 6 -Wall 3

Wall 3 have 3 casement windows and it is connected to the outdoors It might be the “hottest” wall because it is directly exposed to the sun.

Figure 1.7-Wall 4 and Wall 5

Wall 4 and wall 5 is the wall which separates the toilet and bedroom So in this case, we will consider them as one wall since they share the same temperature on both sides.

Wall 6 faces the o a bedroom).

1 4 Elevation drawings of all walls

2100MMLGTH*3000MMHT*150MMTHK SMOOTHCEMENTPLASTERED ANDPAINTEDBRICKWALL

795MMLGTH*2100MMHT*30MMTHK FACTORYMADEMOULDEDPVCDOOR WITHBROWNWOODPATTERN(WOODFREE)

3300MMLGTH*3000MMHT*150MMTHK SMOOTHCEMENTPLASTERED ANDPAINTEDBRICKWALL

795MMLGTH*2100MMHT*30MMTHK PRE-FINISHEDMAHOGANY WITHCHESTNUTBROWNFNISH

3300MMLGTH*3000MMHT*150MMTHK SMOOTHCEMENTPLASTERED ANDPAINTEDBRICKWALL

1600MMLGTH*480MMHT*1.6MMTHK ANODIZATIOM(BLACKCOLOUR) ANDCLEARCOATINGONALUMINIUMFRAME

480MMLGTH*390MMHT*2MMTHK LAMINATEDGLASS

10MMTHK POWDERCOATEDMILDSTEELWINDOWGRILL

2100MMLGTH*3000MMHT*150MMTHK SMOOTHCEMENTPLASTERED ANDPAINTEDBRICKWALL

1200MMLGTH*3000MMHT*150MMTHK SMOOTHCEMENTPLASTERED ANDPAINTEDBRICKWALL

Figure 1 9, Figure1 10, Figure1 11, Figure1 12-All walls’ elevations

2. Temperature

2 1 Indoor temperature

Figure 2.1- Indoor temperature

24°C is the indoor temperature of the air-conditioned bedroom (shown in Figure 2.1), which is a good temperature to give cooling and comfort to the occupants of the bedroom. When someone is dressed in regular indoor attire, they feel at ease. But depending on humidity, air circulation, and other factors, human comfort can go around this range.

2.2. Outdoor temperature

Tested on 30th October 2022 at 7 am, 12 pm and 5 pm (refer to figures 2.2, 2.3 and 2 4 above) By using the temperature mobile app, it might have slightly dierent due to the dierent weather of the day.

2.3. Other spaces’ temperature

Figure 2 2, figure 2 3, figure 2 4- Outdoor temperature at dierent times

(7AM-75.2°F) (12PM-75.2°F) (5PM-75.2°F)

(7AM-79°F) (12PM-87°F) (5PM-77°F)

(7AM-68F) (12PM-73°F) (5PM-71°F)

(7AM-77°F (12PM-78.8°F) (5PM-71.6°F)

Figure2 5- Temperature surrounding the bedroom in Fahrenheit scale

The other spaces’ estimated temperature, as shown on the previous page, the bathroom’s temperature is adjusted by following the outdoor temperature, because it does not have any HVAC, so it will be aected by the outdoor temperature.

Bedroom 2 is my siblings’ bedroom, we usually open the air conditioner when we are about to sleep at night, around 7 pm

The living hall is linked to indoor temperature. However, the temperature will still be slightly dierent due to humidity, air circulation, and other factors.

The next-door neighbour is linked to a big family living house In this case, I assume they’re using their all day long since I found their air cond box is functioning all day long Hence, it should be a very low-temperature room temperature compared to the chosen site’s temperature.

3. Heat transfer calculation

Given that: Observations Time Variables

Indoor temperature All day 75 2°F 24 °C Outdoor temperature 7 AM 79 °F 26.1 °C 12 PM 87 °F 30.56 °C 5 PM 77 °F 25 °C

Formula: �� = (��*△��) ��

While Q refers to heat transfer rate, A refers to the area of the wall, T refers △ to temperature dierent (in °F) and R refers to heat transfer of selected wall (depends on materials and its thickness).

Calculation

3.1. Wall 1’s calculation

Wall 1’s calculation can be distributed into 2 parts- the wall and the door

Wall 1

Main material Brick

Dimensions (Ht*Lgth*Thk)

Area of Wall 1* 150MM (refer to figure 3.1)

Door

Pre-finished Mahogany with Chestnut Brown Finish

2,100* 795* 30MM (refer to figure 3.1)

Area Area of Wall 1 =Length* height =Area of wall 1.1+ wall 1.2+ wall 1.3 (refer to figure 3.1) =(30MM* 3,000MM) + (795MM*900MM) + (2,475MM* 3,000MM) =(90,000+715,500+7,425,000 )����2 =8,230,500 ����2 =88 59����2

Area of Door =Length* height =795MM* 2,100MM =1,669,500����2 =17.97����2 T (°F) △ Time Living hall temp (°F) Indoor temp (°F) Calculation 7 AM 77 75.2 77-75.2=1.8 12 PM 78.8 75.2 78.8-75.2=3.6 5 PM 71 6 75 2 75 2-71 6=3 6

R-Value

Since my wall thickness is around 150MM (refer to figure 3.1) , hence my thickness here should be 5 9” So, my wall’s R-value =0.8* 59 4 =1.18

Since my door’s thickness is 30MM (refer to figure 3 1) , hence my thickness should be 1.18”. So, the R-value of my door should be =2.17* 118 175 =1.4632

Wall Door

7AM Q of wall 1.1+wall 1.2+wall 1.3 =(A* T )/ R △ =( 88 59 * 1 8)/1 18 ����2 =135.14 BTU/ hr

Q of Wall 1 =135 14 BTU/ hr+ 22 1 BTU/ hr =157.24 BTU/ hr

12 PM Q of wall 1 1+wall 1 2+wall 1 3 =(A* T )/ R △ =( 88.59 * 3.6)/1.18 ����2 =270 27 BTU/ hr

Q of Wall 1 =270.27 BTU/ hr+ 44.21 BTU/ hr =314 48 BTU/ hr

5 PM Q of wall 1.1+wall 1.2+wall 1.3 =(A* T )/ R △ =( 88.59 * 3.6)/1.18 ����2 =270.27 BTU/ hr

Q of Wall 1

Q of door =(A* T )/ R △ =(17 97 * 1 8)/ 1 4632 ����2 =22.1 BTU/ hr

Q of door =(A* T )/ R △ =(17.97 * 3.6)/ 1.4632 ����2 =44 21 BTU/ hr

Q of door =(A* T )/ R △ =(17.97 * 3.6)/ 1.4632 ����2 =44.21 BTU/ hr

=270.27 BTU/ hr+ 44.21 BTU/ hr =314 48 BTU/ hr

3.2. Wall 2’s calculation

Wall 2 Main material Brick

Dimensions (Ht*Lgth*Thk) Area of Wall 2* 150MM (refer to figure 3 2)

Area Area of Wall 2 =Length* height (refer to figure 3.2) =5,400MM* 3,000MM =16,200,000����2 =174.38����2

Since neighbour’s temperature and the indoor temperature remains the same in 3 dierent time slots, therefore T would be constant So, there would △ only be one Q for wall 2.

T (°F) △

Time Neighbour temp (°F) Indoor temp (°F)

Calculation

7 AM 68 75.2 75.2-68=7.2 12 PM 68 75.2 75.2-68=7.2 5 PM 68 75.2 75.2-68=7.2

R-Value

Since my wall thickness is around 150MM (refer to figure 3.2) , hence my thickness here should be 5 9” So, my wall’s R-value =0.8* 59 4 =1 18

Wall 2 7AM, 12PM, Q of wall 2 =(A* T )/ R △

5PM =(174.38 * 7.2)/1.18 ����2 =1,064 01 BTU/ hr

3.3. Wall 3’s calculation

Wall 3’s calculation can be distributed into only 3 parts- the wall, the window glass and the window frame. (I didn't take window grill into consideration in the calculation because the area of window grill’s calculation is too complex)

Wall 3 Window glass Window frame Window grill Main material Brick Laminated glass Anodization (black colour) and clear coating on aluminium

Dimension s (Ht*Lgth* Thk)

Area of Wall 3* 150MM (refer to figure 3 3)

[(Area of window 3.4*3) + (Area of window 3.5*9)]* 2MM (refer to figure 3.3)

[(1,620MM* 1,600MM)Total area of window glass]* 1.6MM (refer to figure 3.3)

Powder coated mild steel

Area Area of Wall 3 =Length* height =Area of wall 3.1+ wall 3.2+ wall 3.3 + wall 3.4 =(Area of wall 3 1*2)+ wall 3 2 + wall 3 3 =(240MM* 1,600MM*2) + (2,100MM* 530MM) + (2,100MM* 870MM) =(384,000+1,113,000+1,827,000 )����2 =3,324,000 ����2 =35.78����2

Area of Window glass =(Area of window glass 3.4*3) + (Area of window glass 3.5*9) =(480MM*240MM* 3) + (480MM* 390MM* 9) =(345,600 + 1,684,800)����2 =2,030,400����2 =21.86����2

Area of Window casement =[(1,620MM* 1,600MM)- Total area of window glass] =2,592,000 -2,030,400 ����2 ����2 =561,600����2

=6.05����2

T (°F) △

Time Outdoor temp (°F) Indoor temp (°F)

Calculation

7 AM 79 75.2 79-75.2=3.8 12 PM 87 75.2 87-75.2=11.8 5 PM 77 75 2 77-71 6=5 4

R-Value

Since my wall thickness is around 150MM (refer to figure 3.3), hence my thickness here should be 5 9” So, my wall’s R-value =0.8* 5.9 4 =1.18

Since my window glass’s thickness is 2MM (refer to figure 3.3), hence my thickness should be 0 79” So, the R-value of my door should be =0 91* 4* 0 79 =2.8756

Since my window casement’s thickness is 1.6MM (refer to figure 3.3), hence my thickness should be 0.063”. So, the R-value of my door should be =0.61* 1* 0.063 =0 03843

Wall 3

7AM Q of wall 3.1+wall 3 2+wall 3 3

=(A* T )/ R △ =(35.78 * 3.8)/1.18 ����2 =115 22 BTU/ hr

Window glass Window casement

Q of Window glass =(A* T )/ R △ =(21.86 * 3.8)/ ����2 2.8756 =28 89 BTU/ hr

Q of Window casement

=(A* T )/ R △ =(6.05 * 3.8)/ ����2 0 03843

= 598.23 BTU/ hr

Q of Wall 3 =115.22 BTU/ hr + 28.89 BTU/ hr + 598.23 BTU/ hr =742.34 BTU/ hr

12 PM Q of wall 3.1+wall 3.2+wall 3.3 =(A* T )/ R △ =(35.78 * 11.8)/1.18 ����2 =357.8 BTU/ hr

Q of Window glass =(A* T )/ R △ =(21 86 * 11 8)/ ����2 2.8756 =89.7 BTU/ hr

Q of Window casement =(A* T )/ R △ =(6.05 * 11.8)/ ����2 0.03843 =1,857 66 BTU/ hr

Q of Wall 3 =357.8 BTU/ hr + 89.7 BTU/ hr + 1,857.66 BTU/ hr =2,305 16 BTU/ hr

5 PM Q of wall 3.1+wall 3 2+wall 3 3 =(A* T )/ R △ =(35.78 * 5.4)/1.18 ����2 =163 74 BTU/ hr

Q of Window glass =(A* T )/ R △ =(21.86 * 5.4)/ ����2 2.8756 =41 05 BTU/ hr

Q of Window casement =(A* T )/ R △ =(6.05 * 5.4)/ ����2 0 03843 =850.12 BTU/ hr

Q of Wall 3 =163 74 BTU/ hr + 41 05 BTU/ hr + 850 12 BTU/ hr =1,054.91 BTU/ hr

3.4. Wall 4’s calculation

Wall 4’s calculation can be distributed into 2 parts- the wall and the door

Wall 4 Door

Main material Brick

Dimensions (Ht*Lgth*Thk) Area of Wall 4* 150MM (refer to figure 3.4 )

Factory made moulded PVC door with brown wood pattern on the surface (wood free )

2,100* 795* 30MM (2MM of THK and 26MM of air gap) (refer to figure 3 4)

Area Area of Wall 4 =Length* height =Area of wall 4 1+ wall 4 2+ wall 4 3 (refer to figure 3.4 ) =(1,155MM* 3,000MM) + (795MM*900MM) + (150MM* 3,000MM) =(3,465,000+715,500+450,000 )����2 =4,630,500 ����2 =49.84����2

Area of Door =Length* height =795MM* 2,100MM =1,669,500����2 =17.97����2 T (°F) △ Time Bathroom temp.(°F) Indoor temp.(°F) Calculation

R-Value

Since my wall thickness is around 150MM (refer to figure 3 1 ),

hence my thickness here should be 5.9” . So, my wall’s R-value =0 8* 59 4 =1.18

From figures above, we get to know 2mm thickness of PVC door’s R-value is about 12 W/K. After we convert into unit BTU/h ft °F, we get to know PVC’s R-value for 2MM is 6.94. So, from 6 94 2=3 47, we know that PVC R-value for 1MM is 3 47, ÷ hence for 1 ” is 3.47* 0.03937=0.1366 (1MM=0.03937”). Material Thickness R-value PVC board 1” 0.1366

Then, I get to know my PVC door’s R-value =0 1366* 0 07874 (known that 2MM=0 07874”) =0.010756

Besides that, my door have 24MM of air gap.

From diagram above, I fet to know my air gap’s R-value is 3.6 per inch, however, my air gap thickness is 26MM ( 1.02”).≃ I know that 1”=25 4MM, hence I can know the R-value for air gap within my door =3 6* 26 25.4 =3.69 Therefore, my door’s R-value is 0 010756+3 69 =3.700756 =3 7 Wall 4 Door

7AM Q of wall 4.1+wall 4.2+wall 4.3 =(A* T )/ R △ =( 49.84 * 3.8)/1.18 ����2 =160.5 BTU/ hr

Q of Wall 4 =160.5 BTU/ hr+18.46 BTU/ hr =178.96 BTU/ hr

12 PM Q of wall 4 1+wall 4 2+wall 4 3 =(A* T )/ R △ =( 49 84 * 11 8)/1 18 ����2 =498 4 BTU/ hr

Q of Wall 4 =498 4 BTU/ hr+57 31 BTU/ hr =555 71 BTU/ hr

5 PM Q of wall 4.1+wall 4.2+wall 4.3 =(A* T )/ R △ =(49.84 *5.4)/1.18 ����2 =228.08 BTU/ hr

Q of Wall 4 =228.08 BTU/ hr+26.23 BTU/ hr =254.31 BTU/ hr

Q of door =(A* T )/ R △ =(17.97 * 3.8)/ 3.7 ����2 =18.46 BTU/ hr

Q of door =(A* T )/ R △ =(17 97 * 11 8)/ 3 7 ����2 =57 31 BTU/ hr

Q of door =(A* T )/ R △ =(17.97 * 5.4)/3.7 ����2 =26.23 BTU/ hr

3.5. Wall 5’s calculation

Wall 5

Main material Brick

Dimensions (Ht*Lgth*Thk) Area of Wall 5* 150MM (refer to figure 3 5)

Area Area of Wall 5 =Length* height (refer to figure 3.5) =1,200MM* 3,000MM =3,600,000����2 =38.75����2 T (°F) △ Time Bathroom temp.(°F) Indoor temp.(°F)

Calculation 7 AM 79 75 2 79-75 2=3 8 12 PM 87 75 2 87-75 2=11 8 5 PM 77 75.2 77-71.6=5.4

R-Value

Since my wall thickness is around 150MM (refer to figure 3 5 ), hence my thickness here should be 5.9” . So, my wall’s R-value =0 8* 59 4 =1.18 Wall

7AM Q of wall 5 =(A* T )/ R △ =(38.75 * 3.8)/1.18 ����2 =124 79 BTU/ hr

12PM Q of wall 5

=(A* T )/ R △ =(38.75 *11.8)/1.18 ����2 =387.5 BTU/ hr

5PM Q of wall 5 =(A* T )/ R △ =(38.75 * 5.4)/1.18 ����2 =177 33 BTU/ hr

3.6. Wall 6’s calculation

Wall 6

Main material Brick

Dimensions (Ht*Lgth*Thk) Area of Wall 6* 150MM (refer to figure 3 6)

Area Area of Wall 6 =Length* height (refer to figure 3.6) =3,300MM* 3,000MM =9,900,000����2 =106.523����2 T (°F) △ Time Bedroom 2 temp.(°F) Indoor temp.(°F) Calculation 7 AM 68 75 2 75 2-68=7 2 12 PM 73 75 2 75 2-73=2 2 5 PM 71 75.2 75.2-71=4.2

R-Value

Since my wall thickness is around 150MM (refer to figure 3 6, hence my thickness here should be 5.9” . So, my wall’s R-value =0 8* 59 4 =1.18 Wall

7AM Q of wall 6 =(A* T )/ R △ =(106.523 * 7.2)/1.18 ����2 =649 97 BTU/ hr

12PM Q of wall 6 =(A* T )/ R △ =(106.523 *2.2)/1.18 ����2 =198.6 BTU/ hr

5PM Q of wall 6 =(A* T )/ R △ =(106.523 * 4.2)/1.18 ����2 =379 15 BTU/ hr

4. List of Calculations

Walls Periods of time 7AM 12PM 5PM Wall 1 157 24 314 48 314 48 Wall 2 1064.01 * Wall 3 742 34 2,305 16 1,054 91 Wall 4 178.96 555.71 254.31 Wall 5 124.79 387.5 177.33 Wall 6 649 97 198 6 379 15 *Wall 2’s T are all same hence there is only 1 Q △

According to the calculations, Wall 3 has the highest rate of heat transfer throughout the afternoon at 12pm I believe that is due to the temperature and weather outside. Despite the fact that the wall thickness is 150 mm, which is considered a sucient exterior wall thickness, it nevertheless conducts heat more than the entire wall As we know, the overall heat transfer coecient is influenced by the thickness and thermal conductivity of the mediums through which heat is transferred. The larger the coecient, the easier heat is transferred from its source (outdoor)to the product being

heated(indoor). As a result, Wall 3 will be the chosen wall for the solution's following stage

PART B-PASSIVE/ GREEN INSULATION PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT

5. Problem statement

5 1 Issue of selected wall

Figure 5 1- Wall 3, the selected wall

Following on from Part A, it is discovered that wall 3 has the highest rate of heat transfer since the wall has 3 casement opening windows Apart from the heat transferring problem, I also find other additional problems here such as bad soundproofing, bad ventilation and too high exposure of light from the sunset. When the windows are closed and curtains are on, I can still hear the neighbourhood's sound and feel the glaring of sunlight. It is definitely a dilemma for me who like to take naps

5.2. Solution

To bring a solution here, I must therefore create a prototype insulation panel series for the troublesome wall 3 In a nutshell, the keywords that should be in my invention (which reflect the problems) are:

● Provide better sound insulation

● Can control the amount of light coming inside the room

● Provide good heat insulation

● The prototype ought to be simple to install and remove

6 Prototype development and analysis

F e

At first, I was thinking to cre just a piece of insulation piece that is adhered to the window grill. The initial prototype will be created using a piece of blackout curtain1 to wrap up one steel stick at both sides (the part that will stick to the magnet placed at the window grill). Furthermore, I will insert some pieces of bubble wrap2 to provide an air gap which will be eective for thermal insulation ( Bubble wraps serve as a good insulator because of its design which has small air pockets. Because the base material for bubble wraps is plastic, it heats up quickly, and so bubble wraps serve as good insulators )

The initial prototype comprises three layers in total The first layer consists of a sheet of aluminium that can deflect sunlight and so lessen heat gain. A few pieces of bubble wrap, which can simultaneously minimise heat and sound, makes up the second layer. The third layer's composition is identical to that of the first.

However, considering this initial prototype will be money-consuming for me and it is unlikely to succeed (the magnet may not hold the weight of the whole prototype and will keep on falling down) , therefore, I decided to create a cheaper version of a prototype using relatively cheap and easy-to-get materials.

Before rethinking and redesigning my prototype, I went to Mr DIY and more local hardware store to observe the market price of materials that may be used in my prototype After “shopping”, I started to design my prototype

1 Blackout curtain can improve energy eciency by helping to insulate a room and because it is quite thick, so they also help to soften outside noise However, the most important thing is it can block sun rays and therefore protect surfaces within the room from fading

2 Using bubble wrap as a part of insulates window because it is a good insulator due to its specific structure with small air pockets ant it is cost-eective - cheap or even free if recycled/reused, easy installation, short payback period Other than that, it also can be removed easily

Figure 6.2- Image captured when I was shopping in Mr DIY to check on the price

7 Finalise

While choosing the materials to be used in making my prototype, good heat insulation is always my first choice, and at the same time, to reduce the cost, I use only 3 materials in my final prototype, which are tinted film, extra thick (double layer) foldable, heat and UV protection bubble aluminium foil car front rear windshield and magnetic tape.

In this case, I only make one heat insulation panel as my prototype 7 1 Technical drawings

1600MMLGTH*540MMHT*2MMTHK EXTRATHICK(DOUBLELAYERS) FOLDABLEHEATANDUVPROTECTION BUBBLEALUMINIUMFOIL CARFRONTREARWINDSHIELD

1570MMLGTH*540MMHT VINYL,SELFADHESIVETYPE ANTIUV,ONE-WAYMIRRORREFLECTIVE, DARK-BLUE-SILVERCOLOUR WINDOWTINTFILM

540MMLGTH*15MMWD*2MMTHK PREFIXSELF-ADHESIVE MAGNETICTAPE

540MMLGTH*15MMWD*2MMTHK PREFIXSELF-ADHESIVE

1570MMLGTH*540MMHT VINYL,SELFADHESIVETYPE ANTIUV,ONE-WAYMIRRORREFLECTIVE, DARK-BLUE-SILVERCOLOUR WINDOWTINTFILM

1600MMLGTH*540MMHT*2MMTHK EXTRATHICK(DOUBLELAYERS) FOLDABLE,HEATANDUVPROTECTION BUBBLEALUMINIUMFOIL CARFRONTREARWINDSHIELD

7.2. Material selection

Figure 7 2-Materials used

Materials used in creating this prototype are:

No Items Quantity Reasons

1 Vinyl, self-adhesive type of anti-UV, the one-way mirror reflective, dark-blue-silver colour window tint film

1570MM LGTH

* 540MM HT *1 pcs

● Solar films block 99% of UV light that fades furniture, and with better technologies, now do it without looking reflective or dark

● By blocking out 99% of the UV rays( that damage furniture) can keep my furniture looking good for a longer time

● reflect quite a bit of light and in doing so, the sun’s rays are kept from increasing my room’s temperature

2 Prefix, self-adhesive magnetic tape

540MM LGTH

* 15MM WD

* 2MM THK

Easy to use (can stick and peel o whenever you want and wouldn’t cause any

3 Extra thick (Double layers) foldable, heat and UV protection bubble aluminium foil car front rear windshield

*2 strips damage on window grill’s surface)

1600MM LGTH

* 540MM HT

* 2MM THK *1 pcs

● Eectively refracts sunlight and reflects ultraviolet light for your car

● Eectively reduce the fading of the interior caused by sun-exposed (Reduce internal heat up to 150%)

8 Model-making process

8.1. Model-making process

Tools needed: scissors, measuring tape, pen, paper (for calculations), calculator, cloth, wallpaper smoothing tool and ruler

My prototype can easily be done in 3 steps

Firstly, paste the tinted film on a piece of clean and dry sun shade.

Figure 8 1-First step

Next, measure the dimensions of the window grill and then cut the sunshade according to the size of the window grill

After that, paste the magnetic strip which is already measured nicely and fits the length of the sunshade (the top and bottom side of prototype). Staple it if it doesn’t stick well on the surface of the prototype

Figure 8.2-Second and third step

8.2. Testing

Figure 8 3-Put prototype on window

After done DIY the prototype, I tried to apply it on my window and it works! 9 Appendix

9.1. Receipt and Cost-evidence:

9.2. Total cost

No Materials

1 Vinyl, self-adhesive type of anti-UV, the one-way mirror reflective, dark-blue-silver colour window tint film

2 Prefix, self-adhesive magnetic tape (The whole roll is 10,000MM long, but I only use 540MM*2)

3 Extra thick (Double layers) foldable, heat and UV protection bubble aluminium foil car front rear windshield

Quantity Unit price (RM) Amount(RM)

1 12.90 12.90

540MM * 2 10,000 =0 108

40 4.32

1 4.90 4.90

9 3 Problem faced during the making process

Total costs 22.12

When my father questioned why people wouldn't simply purchase tint film and apply it to the window to solve all of the diculties, I discovered several issues when rebuilding my prototype Then, I discovered some supporting evidence that could be useful in this situation:

● Significant Financial Investment ○ However, getting our windows professionally tinted isn't inexpensive, no matter where we reside. While costs can vary, generally speaking, you can count on paying a lot for a skilled contractor to tint the windows of a house ○ Besides that, certain lites, latches, and frames make installation dicult, and a bad application can leave glass looking bubbly

● Unlikely to Increase Your Home’s Value ○ Most home improvements can increase the value of your home, though window tinting is unlikely to do so The explanation for this is straightforward: even though more and more people are learning about the advantages of window tinting, many continue to be either oblivious or unpersuaded. Therefore, it's doubtful that a buyer will be willing to pay extra for your house simply because you had the windows tinted

● Conflict argument points

○ Some window manufacturers warn that films will void their window warranty; however, several film manufacturers oer to match it.

The financial value of the design idea

Kai Ting

10. Reflection

Throughout the project, I’ve learned about heat transfer in various materials, ways and method that I can use to identify thermal problems, and how to calculate R-values in Task 2A. On the contrary, Task 2B, I’ve learned how to identify heat problems in my sleeping room and provide solutions. To be honest, it’s been a problem for me for so long time but I always don’t have that time to spend my time doing it. Therefore, I feel very happy and satisfied when I have this chance to solve my sleeping room’s problem

I’ve tried few versions of prototype with dierent insulation materials. When doing so, I’ve learned that insulation materials’ selection is critical for optimal performance In addition to technical knowledge and hands-on modeling, I get to learned more on the importance of marketing strategy and cost control

I feel shocked when I found that the dierence of my original cost and reflection is around RM20. I assume there might have some wrong in my calculations In addition to the quality of my product, the way we present and market our product to the masses also determines our sales result. Besides that, the costs and materials used must also be friendly to the target user This is my first time public presenting my product (physically) and I feel nervous and excited. For me, it is a good experience because it also represents the chance for me to train myself to be courage and confident

11. References

● Albo, S. (2022, October 6). Room Darkening vs. Light Filtering vs. Blackout Curtains | Allure Allure Window Treatments

https://www.allurewindowtreatments.com/room-darkening-vs-light-filteri ng-vs-blackout-curtains/

● The Truth about Bubble Wrap Window Insulation (Surprising New Data). (2021, October 27). Practical Use of Solar Power, Home Improvement and Sustainable Living

https://www.howtogosolar.org/keep-the-heat-in-with-bubblewrap/

● Admin, F H (2019, June 4) Bubble Wrap Insulation: Does It Really Work? FH Air Conditioning.

https://www.fhairconditioning.com/articles/bubble-wrap-insulation/

● R-values of Insulation and Other Building Materials (2022, February 27) Archtoolbox. https://www.archtoolbox.com/r-values/

Student ID: 0349273

School: The Design School Module: Building Science & Services

Topic: Assignment 3- Design of Building Services (IAD3 Integrated)

Batch: August 2021 Lecturer: Ms Sharon

TABLE OF CONTENT

1. Chosen Site

1 1 Introduction of Site

1.2. Layout plan of Tamarind square (only the 3rd, 4th and 5th treehouse)

1.3. Design theme and idea in the chosen space

1 4 Furniture Layout Plan Design- 3rd Floor

1 5 The perspective of the Space (3rd Floor)

1.5.1. Introduction space

1.5.2. Oce

1 5 2 1 Working area

1.5.2.2. Meeting area

1.5.3. Kitchen- Multiculture baking 1 5 3 1 Baking Area

1.5.3.2. Prepare Area 1.5.3.3. Wash Area 1 5 3 4 Store Area

1 5 4 Fertiliser showroom

1.5.5. Yoga and Planting area

2.1.1. Indication of lighting illuminance levels

2.1.1.1. Lighting illuminance calculations

2 1 1 2 Lighting illuminance specifications

2.1.2. Calculation of A/C sizing

2.1.2.1. Oce 2 1 2 2 Energy calculation (Compare to decide which to install))

2.2. Total usage of electricity

Task C- Water supply network and drainage of toilet

3 Toilet

3.1. Toilet Plumbing Network Drawing

Task D- Integrated building services in drawings

4. 3rd Floor Furniture Layout and Reflected Ceiling Plan

Task A- Site selection and qualitative description of incorporated building services

1. Chosen site

1.1.

Introduction of Site

Figure 1 1: Tamarind Square is the site selected for the IAD design project

Tamarind Square is the reinvention of the traditional Malaysian shop oce, the modern-day mall, and the Asian village square.

The result is a unique retail and oce development set within a green oasis that beautifully marries the best features of the past and the present. This place naturally draws the community together.

For our IAD project, we only require to design 3 treehouses, which are the 3rd treehouse, 4th treehouse and 5th treehouse The site contains 4 levels: Level 3, Level 3M, Level 4 and Level 5.

1 2 Layout plan of Tamarind square (only the 3rd, 4th and 5th treehouse)

1.3. Design theme and idea in the chosen space

Figure 1 6: Space programming of the design

My idea is creating a space for working women to rest and have fun at the same time. For me, like what i demand in my design, women are just like pie, we have a dierent flavour, texture and taste However, issues women faced in the workplace are always similar: gender discrimination and sexual harassment etc We are like going into a cycle, you can't get out (just like Pi can’t merge into 4) from the dilemma unless we work together to form 1.

My activities inspirations included:

● Multicultured cooking class

○ The multiracial characteristic of Malaysia is a kickstart for activities regarded as multicultured cooking classes A study finds that culinary interventions were associated with improved attitudes, self-ecacy and healthy dietary intake in working women.

○ Independent space for women to enjoy their own life-pace

○

It is a relief to be away from being observed, to take o the scarfs, to not wear make-up or dress-up, sit and act in a particular way

● Room for peer assessment

○

Information cognition dierences is one of the biggest challenges for working women due to the lack of me-time will slowly consume a person Room for peer assessment can widely tackle the shortage of peer support environment

● Menstrual moaning

○

Cultural attitudes that require girls and women to maintain secrecy and silence regarding menstruation contribute to the experience of menstrual shame However, Silence is not salvation. More than half of women who have periods get some pain around their period. Some women may get just a feeling of heaviness in the abdomen or tugging in the pelvic area. Other women experience severe cramps dierent from premenstrual syndrome (PMS) pain. Therefore, a room that is filled with well-designed (Ergonomic, materials selection etc) furniture can give women a good rest during menstruation

● Work-life balance Counselling for woman

○ Work-life balance allows women to maintain both professional and personal life eciently while imbalance of work-life hampers both private and professional life. An imbalanced work-life can hamper one’s mental peace and leads to depression which causes several psychological problems.

● Yoga class

○ Society always requests women to be perfect and multi-faceted There is always a fight against time for a working woman. It becomes seemingly dicult for her to maintain a work-life balance, resulting in very less or no time to think about herself. This inturn results in the added ignorance about her health. Hence, Yoga is greatly suggested as it is a great calming technique that can be as long as one hour or as short as 10 minutes. 1 4 Furniture Layout Plan Design Of

Chosen Floor- The 3rd Floor

As you can see what shown from the figure 1 7, the treehouse 3 will be the place where people work while treehouse 5 will be a showroom to show people how the machine turns food waste into fertiliser However, I noticed at level 3 up to level 3M, there is no any room, therefore I decided to design an opening exterior kitchen for people to bake at that empty space of treehouse 4 On the other hand, I change the greenaries space into a space for people to do yoga and planting.

Figure 1 9 :Prove of calculating area of spce under treehouse 4 in AutoCad 2D

Figure 1 10 :Prove of calculating area of treehouse 5 in AutoCad 2D

Figure 1 11 :Prove of calculating area of greenaries area in AutoCad 2D

1.5. The perspective of the Space (3rd Floor)

1 5 1 I

Figure

1

12 :Perspectives of outer appearance of Level 3

Coming into the space, at first, you will see the signboard writing:“The Pi” set up at the centre of whole level 3 with few greeneries surrounding it

1.5.2. Oce

Figure 1 13 : Exterior of the oce

This is the exterior of the oce. It is also an information centre. The oce have 2 mainly activity area- the working area and the meeting area

1.5.2.1. Working area

Figure 1.14 : Working space of the oce

Figure 1.14 shows the interior design of a working space in the oce. 1 5 2 2 Meeting area

Figure 1 15 : Meeting space of the oce

Figure 1 15 shows the interior design of a meeting space in the oce 1.5.3. Kitchen- Multiculture baking

Figure 1 16: Exterior of Kitchen

This is the exterior of the kitchen, people mainly do baking inside the kitchen The kitchen have 4 mainly activity area- the baking, prepare, wash and store area.

1 5 3 1 Baking Area

Figure 1 17 : Baking area inside Kitchen

Figure 1 17 shows the interior design of a baking area in the kitchen 1.5.3.2. Prepare Area

Figure 1 18 : Prepare area inside Kitchen

Figure 1.18 shows the interior design of a prepare area in the kitchen. 1 5 3 3 Wash Area

Figure 1 19 : Washing area inside Kitchen

Figure 1.19 shows the interior design of a washing area in the kitchen. 1.5.3.4. Store Area

Figure 1 20 : Store area inside Kitchen

Figure 1.20 shows the interior design of a store area in the kitchen.

1 5 4 Fertiliser showroom

Figure 1 21: Exterior view of fertiliser room

Figure 1.21 shows the place where people turns food waste into fertiliser that would be used in further planting activities.

1 5 5 Yoga and Planting area

Figure 1 22 : Overall view of yoga and planting area

2. Electrical, lighting and VAC in space

2.1. Building Services Design, Qualitative and quantitative justification 2 1 1 Indication of lighting illuminance levels1 2.1.1.1. Lighting illuminance calculations

Calculate: Total lumens needed by multiplying the area of space to be light ( ) and lux �� 2 Place Area to be light ( ) �� 2 Light (Lux) Total lumens needed

Oce 34.69�� 2 300 10,407 lm Kitchen 33.1�� 2 150 4,965 lm Fertiliser showroom 25.1�� 2 500 12,550 lm 2 1 1 2 Lighting illuminance specifications

Calculations: Total number of light embed= total lumens needed/ lumens of light Tools used: Lumen and Watt converter2

Place Details

1 Website: https://www omnicalculator com/everyday-life/lighting

2 Lumens to Watt: https://www rapidtables com/calc/light/lumen-to-watt-calculator html Watt to Lumens: https://www rapidtables com/calc/light/watt-to-lumen-calculator html

Oce Chosen light : Philips Lighting 3 22 5W (2025Lm) LED Batten Light, 240V LED Luminaire, 1 Lamp, 1.14m long 3Shop: https://my rs-online com/web/p/batten-lights/2050144?cm mmc=MY-PLA-DS3A- -google- -PLA MY EN Lighting Whoop- -(MY:Whoop!)+Ba tten+Lights+(2)- -2050144&matchtype=&aud-827186183686:pla-298180664581&gclid=CjwKCAiAv9ucBhBXEiwA6N8nYDngUYnXopwIH0t8-umNMgy KqWA4NgOLq5VoUhFJPcCz4u47GECOWBoCmeEQAvD BwE&gclsrc=aw ds

Figure 2 1: Screenshot from website

When the light source is LED lamp, 22.5Watts of light=2025Lm

Figure 2 2 : Screenshot from a calculator website Total number of light embed= 10,407 lm/ 2025 5≃ Therefore, we need approximately 5 units of light in oce Kitchen Chosen light : Philips 31822, Wawel 20W (1,800 Lm) Tunable LED Ceiling Light (3 in 1 Colour)4

Figure 2 5 : Screenshot from website

When the light source is LED lamp, 18W of light=1,620 Lm

Figure 2 6 : Screenshot from a website calculator

Total number of light embed= 12,550 lm/ 1,620Lm 7≃ Therefore, we need approximately 7units of light in oce

2 1 2 Calculation of A/C sizing

Since only the oce needs an A/C, therefore I will only do the A/C sizing calculation for my oce I am using the website (link) provided to follow the steps to do A/C sizing calculation6

Steps:

1 Measure your room or space area ( width* length ) Use a metric unit for measurement ( meter ). Multiply with 700 to get in Btu/hr

2 Estimate occupant for this room Multiply with 500 to get in

website: https://www electricneutron com/air-condition/air-conditioner-sizing/

Btu/hr

3 Estimate the heat from electrical equipment such as lighting, television,computer, fax machine, radio or etc. Refer to wattage for equipment and multiply with 3 5

4. Add all answer to get a total Btu/hr.

5 Divide Total heat ( Btu/hr) with 9800 Btu/hr to get A/C HP

2.1.2.1. Oce

● We know oce area: 34 69 , therefore 34 69 �� 2 �� 2 *700=24,283 Btu/hr

● The occupant in this room would be 3 person only, so 3* 500=1,500 Btu/hr

● Heat from electrical equipments:

PC 100 Watt Lighting 22.5 Watt Projector 50 Watt Small table fan 28.5 Watt Total 201 Watt

201 Watt* 3.5= 703.5 Btu/hr

● Adding all Btu/hr, we’ll get: 24,283 +1,500+ 703.5=26,486.5 Btu/hr

● To get HP: 26,486 5 Btu/hr/ 9800 2 7 ≃

Hence, we need a 3HP AC in oce to achieve the human comfort level. However, there are 2 options for us to choose: whether to install two 1 5HP A/C or install one 3HP A/C.

Comparing:

Brandname Panasonic Hisense

HP 3 1.5 Price per unit (RM) 3,900-4,500 2,259

2.1.2.2. Energy calculation (Compare to decide which to install)

Monthly energy use: Equipment Qtty Hrs per month (known that 10hrs per day, 30 days a month)

Panasonic 3HP R32 Delux Inverter Air Conditioner ( Nanoe-X Nanoe-G ) CS/CU-XPU 28XKH-1

Hisense Standard Inverter Air Conditioner (1 5HP) R32 AI13KAGS

Energy usage (kWh)

Energy usage (kWh) per month

Monthly electricity fee (RM)

1 10* 30=300 0.7456 9987* 3 2.24≃

2.24* 10hrs* 30days =672

2 0 7456 9987* 1 5 1 12 ≃

1 12* 10hrs* 30days =336*2 =672

Figure 2 9 : Screenshot from website7 259.94

Figure 2 10 : Screenshot from website 259 94

* 1HP=0.74569987 kWh

Brand name Panasonic Hisense

Price per unit (RM) 3,900 2,259 Monthly electricity fee (RM) 259.94 259.94

Calculation (RM) (3,900+259.95)* 1 =4159 95 (2,259+259.95)* 2 =5036

After inserting all data into TNB website calculator, we get to know using Panasonic’s AC is far more expensive than Hisense’s AC. Other than that, 3HP’s AC (Panasonic) can make the surroundings to be cooler faster Therefore, I choose to use 3HP’s AC (Panasonic).

2 2 Total usage of electricity

Space Lighting (Monthly) HVAC (Monthly) Oce (22.5/1000)kWh* 5* 10hrs* 30 days =33 75

2.24kWh * 10hrs* 30days =672 Kitchen (20/1000)kWh* 4* 10hrs* 30 days =24

Fertiliser showroom (18/1000)kWh* 7* 10hrs* 30 days =37.8

Total of kWh =33 75+24+37 8+672 =767.55 （RM313.22）

-

-

Conclusion, the monthly total usage of electricity is RM313.22.

Task C- Water supply network and drainage of toilet

3. Toilet

3.1. Toilet Plumbing Network Plan

Task D- Integrated building services in drawings

4. 3rd Floor Furniture Layout and Reflected Ceiling Plan