Daijiro Mizuno / Masaki Iwabuchi Some Recent Agendas in Design Research -Transitional, Circular, Speculative and Discursive-
17:00 - 19:00 18th June 2019 Kyoto Institute of Technology KYOTO Design Lab 2F Hall
Today’s aims/objectives
1: know about radical design research arenas ラディカルなデザインリサーチ
動向を知る
2: discuss/share experimental knowledge in design research ラディカルなデザインリサーチ
動向について議論、共有する
3: speculate/imagine the possible design research prospects 日本におけるラディカルなデザインリサーチ
展望を夢想する
Lab is a social agent to change the world, research plays an intrinsic part in practice ！KITを皮切りに、「ラボ」がデザインを実験する＝＞デザインが変わる ！個人、大学、企業、官公庁でデザインを実践する＝＞社会が変わる
Today’s topics
1: self-introduction (10mins each) 2: some recent agendas (50mins) first and foremost... 2.1 beyond “users”: speculative, discursive 2.2 complex sociotechnical systems: knotty, X, stack 2.3 sustainable future: transformation, transition, circular 3: research project and discussion (20mins) currently undertaken by Masaki Iwabuchi and future prospect of Design Research at KIT
ďŹ rst and foremost... How much do you know about how design (research) is conducted?
http://www.dubberly.com/wp-content/uploads/20 08/06/ddo_designprocess.pdf
YEAR
AUTHOR
PAPER/BOOK TITLE
KEYWORDS
1933
John Dewey
How We Think
Education, research, psychology, critical thinking
1968
Bruce L. Archer
The Structure of Design Processes
design process, management science, operational research, conceptual framework
1969
Rudolf Arnheim
Visual Thinking
perceptual psychology, cognitive theory, human factor
1970
John Christopher Jones
Design methods: Seeds of human futures
Design methods, design process, design history,
1972
Robert H. McKim
Experiences in Visual Thinking
Visual thinking, pattern language, creative process
1973
Horst W. J. Rittel, Melvin M. Webber
Dilemmas in a general theory of planning
General theory, public good, economic policy, social policy, scientific basis, wicked problems
1977
Christopher Alexander et al
A Pattern Language
Architecture, Urban Planning, Design methodology,
1980
Bryan Lawson
How Designers Think
Design principles, design history, Desing practice
1982
Nigel Cross
Designerly Ways of Knowing
Design Theory
1983
Donald A. Norman
Design Principles for Human-Computer Interfaces
HCI, human factors, design principles, tradeoff analysis
1984
Donald A. Schon
The Reflective Practitioner
Reflective Practice
1984
Nigel Cross
Developments in Design Methodology
Design Problems, Design theory, Design methodology, Wicked problems
1986
Donald A. Norman, Stephen W. Draper
User Centered System Design: New Perspectives on Human-Computer Interaction
System design, HCI, User-centered design
1987
Peter G. Rowe
Design Thinking
Architecture, Ubran Planning, Design principles, Design Practice
1988
Don Norman
The Design of Everyday Things
Interaction design, design thinking, human factors,
1992
Richard Buchanan
Wicked Problems in Design Thinking
Wicked problem, design thinking, design theory
1993
Christopher Frayling
Research in Art and Design
Desgin theory, Research through Design
1994
Rolf A. Faste
Ambidextrous Thinking
Stanford University, visual thinking, school of engineering, creative problem solving
1995
Bruce Archer
The Nature of Research
research, practitioner action,
1997
Anthony Dunne, William Gaver
The pillow: artist-designers in the digital age
Speculative Design, Cultural probes, interaction design,
1999
Anthony Dunne
Hertzian Tales
Speculative Design, Critical Design, interaction design, design theory
1999
Anthony Dunne, William Gaver
Design: Cultural Probes
Cultural Probes,Speculative Design, Critical Design, interaction design, design theory
2001
Anthony Dunne, Fiona Raby
Design Noir: The Secret Life of Electronic Objects
Speculative Design, Critical Design, interaction design
2003
Ken Friedman
Design research, design science, Theory Construction in Design Research: Criteria: Approaches, design theory, philosophy of and Methods design, theory construction
2005
Klaus Krippendorff
The Semantic Turn: A New Foundation for Design
Design History, design theory, interaction design , philosophy of design
2005
Bruce Sterling
Shaping Things
Interaction Design, Design History, Artifacts, Product Design
2005
Daniel Fallman
Design in HCI, Design-oriented Why Research-oriented Design Isn't Design-oriented Research Research, Research-oriented Design, Process,
2006
Colin Burns et al
RED PAPER 02: Transformation Design
Transformation Design, socio economic issues, emerging discipline
2007
Wolfgang Jonas
Research through DESIGN through research: A cybernetic model of designing design foundations
Cybernetics, Evolution, Research through Design, Knowledge management
John Zimmerman et al
Research Through Design as a Method for Interaction Design Research in HCI
interaction design, design research, HCI research, wicked problems, design theory, design methods
2007
Interaction design, design practice, design studies, design exploration
2008
Daniel Fallman
The Interaction Design Research Triangle of Design Practice, Design Studies, and Design Exploration
2008
Liz Sanders
An evolving map of design practice and design research
Design research, map, landscape, approach vs. mindset
2011
Ilpo Koskinen et al
Design Research Through Practice: From the Lab, Field, and Showroom
Design research, design practice, process, lab, field, showroom
2012
William Gaver
What should we expect from research through design?
Design Research, design theory, HCI research, Research through Design,
2014
Liz Sanders, Pieter Jan Stappers
From Designing to Co-Designing to Collective Dreaming: Three Slices in Time
design practice, co-design, design research
2015
Terry Irwin et al
Transition Design: A Proposal for a New Area of Design Practice, Study, and Research
Transition Design, sustainable design, social innovation,
2015
Wolfgang Jonas et al
Transformation Design- Perspectives on a new Design Attitude
Transformation design, ethical design, responsible design
2016
Donald A. Norman, Pieter Jan Stappers
DesignX: Complex Sociotechnical Systems
Sociotechnical systems, Design X, incrementalism,
2017
Liz Sanders
Design Research at the Crossroads of Education and Practice
Design research, academia, practice, industry, university
2017
Laura Forlano
Posthumanism and Design
posthumanism, nonhuman, feminist new materialism,
2018
Terry Irwin et al
The Emerging Transition Design Approach
Transition Design
2018
Jody Forlizzi et al
Let's Get Divorced: Pragmatic and Critical Constructive Design research through design, Research constructive design research,
Christopher Frayling(1993)
http://researchonline.rca.ac.uk/384/3/frayling_research_in_art_and_design_1993.pdf
Richard Buchanan(2001) https://www.ida.liu.se/divisions/hcs/ixs/material/DesResMeth09/Theory/01-buchanan.pdf
Wolfgang Jonas(2007) http://8149.website.snafu.de/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/2007_DRNow.pdf
Wolfgang Jonas(2007)
Wolfgang Jonas(2007) / Liz Sanders(2014)
https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2670616 https://www.researchgate.net/figure/presentssome-trinities-of-design-research-concepts_t bl1_235700673
John Zimmerman(2007) / RtD as a method for Interaction Design Research in HCI
https://www.researchgate.net/figure /An-illustration-of-the-pathways-and -deliverables-between-and-among-I nteraction-Design_fig1_221515150
Daniel Fallman(2008) / The Interaction Design Research Triangle
http://www.dfallman.com/w8m17cfvj80sbf380 7021d4cqhpmzg
https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1 162/desi.2008.24.3.4
Liz Sanders(2008) / Evoloving Map of Design Research
http://www.dubberly.com/a rticles/an-evolving-map-ofdesign-practice-and-desig n-research.html
Ilpo Koskinen et al(2011) / Design Research Through Practice: From the Lab, Field, and Showroom
Lab / Field / Showroom ↓ four different cultures of analysis in design research (Koskinen, 2014) ・designer as statistitians ・designer and qualitative social science ・explication: designer as scholars ・art and design as analysis https://books.google.co.jp/books?id=_oTZBAAAQ BAJ&lpg=PT274&ots=9uaVe491W_&dq=ilpo%20 koskinen%20four%20different%20cultures%20of %20analysis&hl=ja&pg=PT274#v=onepage&q=ilp o%20koskinen%20four%20different%20cultures% 20of%20analysis&f=false
Liz Sanders and Pieter Jan Stappers(2014) / From Designing to Codesigning to Collective Dreaming
https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2670616
Bruce Sterling and Julian Bleeker / Design Fiction
https://vimeo.com/8 4826827
http://nearfuturelaboratory.com/#whatwed o
https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=1516021
Why should we understand design theories?
岩渕・デザインメソッド「自体」をもっと見せたい https://note.mu/iwabm/n/n29ea8c5b0f6c?creator_urlname=iwabm
beyond “users” ・Designing for People / with People / by People ・Consumer - User - Co-Designer - Our Future Selves ・People collectively discuss and decide what the possible future / the alternative and possible realities can be ・Design as a tool to engage in the possible future and the alternative presents (realities)
Anthony Dunne and Fiona Raby works
Matt Malpass / Critical Design in Context
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Conte xtualising-Critical-Design%3A-Towards-a-Tax onomy-Malpass/a1da0adfd5ec5e884d33ae5 41b6084ae03e41e5b/figure/0
Anthony Dunne and Fiona Raby / https://youtu.be/HuarSnKN0qY
Anthony Dunne and Fiona Raby, Designed Reality Studio / https://www.designedrealities.org/
https://strelkamag.com/en/article/dunne-and-raby-from-futures-to-realities
Anthony Dunne and Fiona Raby, Designed Reality Studio / https://www.designedrealities.org/
https://strelkamag.com/en/article/dunne-and-raby-from-futures-to-realities
Discursive Design
Process where artifacts intentionally embody or engender particular ideas of psychological, sociological, and ideological import, and which are capable of sustaining a complex of competing perspectives and values.
複雑で競合する見方や価値を残すことを可能にしつつ、設計された人工物が 意図的に心理的、社会学的、そして思想的なアイデアを具体化、ないし 醸 出するデザイン プロセス
Discursive Design
Discursive Design
Discursive Design / genus-species metaphor for sorting
Discursive Design
four ďŹ eld of framework
four domains
commercial responsible experimental discursive
social engagement (activism) applied research (RtD) basic research (Design Theory) practical application (Artistic work)
Discursive Design
Bruce Tharp / https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wD_f7O-EWoo
Discursive Design on Core77 / https://www.core77.com/Discursive-Design
daijiro’s ďŹ rst friend who received ig nobel prize https://www.core77.com/posts/53574/Take-a-Holiday-from-BeingHuman-Thomas-Thwaites-on-Becoming-a-Goat?utm_source=cor e77&utm_medium=from_tile_image
Discursive Design / https://www.discursivedesign.com/
FAQ 10. Do we really need to add another type of design to the lexicon?
Yes, if it happens to help. No, if it is just re-branding. While perhaps ironic, we feel that a new umbrella term can help deal with the expansion of design activity and corresponding labels. It is a little like going out and getting a new storage container to help better organize a messy garage. We acknowledge the assertation that critical design has different emphases than speculative design and design fiction—they are not the same, despite some similarities. Just as there are many useful and nuanced types of fiction writing or rock music, so too for design. We believe that more precise and meaningful naming can help despite adding complexity.
How can we use this kind of design in practice?
岩渕・クリティカル・デザイン思考 https://note.mu/iwabm/n/n5d45f58e37c3?creator_urlname=iwabm
complex sociotechnical systems (Norman&Stappers, 2015) Complex societal systems such as healthcare, transportation, government policy implementation, and environmental protection have many components—technical and otherwise—whose interactions are critical to the system’s overall behavior. Many different fields contribute to the efficiency of these systems, including in recent years, design.
Fulfilling this role is very different from producing the traditional craftwork that originally characterized the design profession. With the advent of human-centered design methods and design thinking, many designers and design consultancies have started to work in complex sociotechnical arenas.
Design X: Don Norman and Pieter Jan Stappers(2015)
・Designers now face the challenge of designing complex sociotechnical systems. ・For complex sociotechnical problems, design is not limited to one person, one phase, or one solution. ・Some systems work through evolutionary development and satisficing rather than optimizing. ・Complex sociotechnical systems require a combination incremental “muddling through” and satisficing. ・Implementation is usually the great challenge.
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240587261530037X
Knotty Objects: MIT media lab/ https://medium.com/mit-media-lab/the-summit-9a632339f56c
https://wired.jp/2015/08/12/knotty-object-report/
Krebs Cycle of Creativity and Antidisciplinary / https://jods.mitpress.mit.edu/pub/designandscience
The Stack / Benjamin Bratton What has planetary-scale computation done to our geopolitical realities? It takes different forms at different scales—from energy and mineral sourcing and subterranean cloud infrastructure to urban software and massive universal addressing systems; from interfaces drawn by the augmentation of the hand and eye to users identified by self-quantification and the arrival of legions of sensors, algorithms, and robots. Together, how do these distort and deform modern political geographies and produce new territories in their own image? In The Stack: On Software and Sovereignty, Benjamin H. Bratton proposes that these different genres of computation—smart grids, cloud platforms, mobile apps, smart cities, the Internet of Things, automation— can be seen not as so many species evolving on their own, but as forming a coherent whole: an accidental megastructure called The Stack that is both a computational apparatus and a new governing architecture. We are inside The Stack and it is inside of us.
Strelka / Benjamin Bratton
https://thenewnormal.strelka.com/
What skills do we need to do this type of design?
and more! NYC Civic Service Design Studio https://civicservicedesign.com/
第四次産業革命とデザイン 役割 産業競争力とデザインを考える研究会 https://www.meti.go.jp/committee/kenkyukai/sangi/sangyo_design/pdf/004_s01_00.pdf
sustainable future ・From interaction to complex networks of actors ・People are part of the complex and global scale ecosystem ・People decide what the possible future / the alternative and possible realities can be ・Design and Democracy: Policy making and design ・Limits of Growth
Colin Burns et al(2005) / Transformation Design, British Design Council
In the first decade of the 21st century, however, we are experiencing two important shifts: firstly, in where design skills are being applied, and secondly, in who is actually doing the designing. A number of design groups have broadened the scope of design to include disciplines such as interaction, experience and service design. All of these demand a holistic approach, a level of systems thinking, a focus on individual behaviour, and the orchestration of a range of different design inputs. characteristics: 1 Defining and redefining the brief 2 Collaborating between disciplines 3 Employing participatory design techniques 4 Building capacity, not dependency 5 Designing beyond traditional solutions 6 Creating fundamental change
challenges: • The loss of personal creative authorship • Shaping behaviour rather than form • Transformation design is never done • Creativity happens in run-time, not just in design-time • Diversity over quality • Design becomes a Pro-Amateur community
https://www.designcouncil.org.uk/sites/default/files/asset/document/red-paper-transformation-design.pdf
Transition Design
Terry Irwin: Transition Design(2015)
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/282 432370_Transition_Design_A_Proposal_for_ a_New_Area_of_Design_Practice_Study_an d_Research
Circular Design, PSS(Tukker, 2004)
https://www.circulardesignguide.com/resources
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Eight-types-of-product%E 2%80%93service-system%3A-eight-ways-Tukker/26c0926cd7b2 9764316e84524cf7337f04ec0fdc
Ezio Manzini, DESIS / https://www.slideshare.net/desis_uk/131113-desis-uk-design-and-design-schools-for-social-innovation
design coalition
Ezio Manzini /design for democracy, politics of the everyday
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s-KL1zSpr2E at CMU
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=bhm05JodBQ8 at IIT
Ezio Manzini(2016) / Design Culture and Dialogic Design https://www.mitpressjournals.org/doi/pdf/10.1162/DESI_a_00364
Solution-ism
Participation-ism
By this expression, which I have taken from Eugeny Morozov, though without necessarily sharing all that this author attributes to it, I mean a culture that starts from an approach that is in my view totally correct, reducing it to a reductive ideology that leads us, as Morozov writes, to recast “all complex social situations either as neatly defined problems with definite, computable solutions or as transparent and self-evident processes that can be easily optimized”…
Participation-ism is a sort of cultural aphonia that induces design experts to refrain from expressing themselves. In this case, too, the departure point is an extremely important idea: the recognition that every design process is co-design, and that it therefore must provide space for the point of views and active participation of many different actors. However, this original good idea has developed into an ideology that also is limited and limiting. In its adoption in co-design processes, the design expert’s role is reduced to a narrow, administrative activity, where creative ideas and design culture tend to disappear.
If the first limit of solution-ism is in not taking account of all these possibilities, its second limit is in proposing to find solutions concentrating only on the way they function, on their economies, and on their practical results, while leaving in the shadows the critical discussion of their meaning and the qualities sought and produced.
Design experts take a step backward and consider their role simply as that of “process facilitators,” asking other actors for their opinions and wishes, writing them on small pieces of paper, and sticking them on the wall and then synthesizing them, following a more or less formalized process. We can call the results of this way of thinking and doing “post-it design.”
Cameron Tonkinwise(2015) /
Post Normal Design Research: Practice-Based Research in an Era of Neoliberal Risk
Practice-Based Design Research is part of a larger project to create knowledge about preferable futures in an era of complex risks. This demands that the reectively abductive outcomes of Practice-Based Design Research be comprehensively negotiated with a range of stakeholders. ...The participatory constructivism of Practice-based Design Research is part of the Post Normal response to that crisis, a way of reconstructing trust in processes for determining future directions for our society. https://www.academia.edu/19611753/Post_Normal_Design_Research_Practice-Based_Research_in_an_Era_of_Neoliberal_Risk
UK policy lab and policy making tools
https://www.gov.uk/guidance/open-policy-making -toolkit/getting-started-with-open-policy-making https://openpolicy.blog.gov.uk/ https://www.slideshare.net/Openpolicymaking/in troduction-to-policy-lab https://www.slideshare.net/Openpolicymaking/0 60715-change-cardscollated
UK policy lab and policy making tools
https://www.slideshare.net/Openpoli cymaking/introduction-to-policy-lab
How should we cultivate the attitude to design the 21st Century?
A holon (Greek: ὅλον, holon neuter form of ὅλος, holos "whole") is a philosophical term and a something that is simultaneously a whole and a part.
岩渕・D-lab研究日誌1: 意地悪な問題 定義 (準備編) https://note.mu/iwabm/n/ne271a2d21f34?creator_urlname=iwabm
research project undertaken
Scope of “DESIGN”
Design Methodology
Discursive Thing Centered Transitional Circular Designed Reality DDI
Design Thinking
HCD
Ontological
Speculative
Current Practice
Linear Vision
Transition Design
from Hierarchy to Holarchy A holon (Greek: ὅλον, holon neuter form of ὅλος, holos "whole") is a philosophical term and a something that is simultaneously a whole and a part.
from Hierarchy to Holarchy
https://www.academia.edu/15403946/Transition_Design_The_Importance_of_Everyday_Life_and_Lifestyles_as_a_Levera ge_Point_for_Sustainability_Transitions_presented_at_the_STRN_Conference_2015_Sussex_
from Hierarchy to Holarchy ≠ Holacracy
“Life, in all its evolutionary wisdom, manages ecosystems of unfathomable beauty, ever evolving toward more wholeness, complexity, and consciousness.” ― Frederic Laloux, Reinventing Organizations: A Guide to Creating Organizations Inspired by the Next Stage of Human Consciousness
“Design is ontological in that all design-led objects, tools, and even services bring about particular ways of being, knowing, and doing.” ― Arturo Escobar, Designs for the Pluriverse
thank you Daijiro Mizuno
Masaki Iwabuchi
https://issuu.com/tacticaldesign https://medium.com/@daijirom www.daijirom.com
https://note.mu/iwabm https://medium.com/@iwabm https://twitter.com/powergradation http://iwabm.github.io/