FIRST COLUMN
Motown Turns 50, but the Party’s Far from Over BY MIKE HOUSEHOLDER AND JEFF KAROUB AP WRITERS
DETROIT (AP) — On Jan. 12, 1959, Elvis Presley was in the Army. The Beatles were a littleknown group called The Quarrymen casting about for gigs in Liverpool. The nascent rock ‘n’ roll world was a few weeks away from the day when a single-engine plane crash claimed the lives of Buddy Holly, J.P. “The Big Bopper” Richardson and Ritchie Valens.
It’s also the day a boxer, assembly line worker and songwriter named Berry Gordy Jr. used an $800 family loan to start a record company in Detroit. Fifty years later, Motown Records Corp. and its core of largely African American artists have become synonymous with the musical, social and cultural fabric of America. The company spawned household names, signature grooves and anthems for the See MOTOWN, page 16
AP Photo by PAUL SANCYA
‘HITSVILLE, USA’ — This Jan. 20, 2006, photo shows 45s and photographs on display at the Motown Museum gallery in Detroit. This year marks the 50th anniversary of the founding of the record label. Above: “Little” Stevie Wonder and Marvin Gaye.
About 9 of 10 Students Pass Calif. High School Exit Exam BY TERENCE CHEA AP WRITER
SAN FRANCISCO (AP) — About nine of 10 seniors in the class of 2009 passed the high school exit exam that became a graduation requirement in California three years ago, the state Department of Education said Sept. 2. About 90.6 percent of the class — 433,000 students — had passed by the end of their senior year, up slightly from the 90.4 percent pass rate from 2008 but below the 93.3 percent rate for 2007, according to state data. The exam, which tests 10th-grade English and ninth-grade math skills, became a requirement for students to earn their diplomas in 2006. Students first take the exam in 10th grade and can take it up to seven more times to pass the math and English sections. The new data showed increases in the percentage of high school sophomores who had passed the exam on their first attempt in 2009. The pass rate for first-time test takers rose two points to 79 percent for English. It rose four points to 80 percent for math. “California’s high school students are continuing to meet the challenge of higher expectations,” said Jack O’Connell, the state superintendent of public instruction, who wrote the legislation creating the exit exam when he was a state senator. O’Connell said he was worried that deep budget cuts to education could undermine recent academic
Old Ala. Civil Rights Slaying Slow to Get to Trial BY PHILLIP RAWLS AP WRITER
MONTGOMERY, Ala. (AP) — It took more than four decades to indict a former Alabama state trooper in a landmark civil rights slaying, and getting the elderly defendant to trial is taking years, too. More than two years have passed since James Bonard Fowler was indicted in the death of Jimmie Lee Jackson, who was shot to death during a 1965 civil rights protest in west Alabama. Fowler’s trial is nowhere near taking place, due to feuding between the prosecutor and judge, who has taken the unusual step of hiring his own lawyer. Civil rights advocates worry that delays could jeopardize the case because elderly witnesses could die before they get a chance to testify.
Jimmie Lee Jackson
September 10, 2009
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District Attorney Michael Jackson, who isn’t related to the victim, said the case definitely won’t be tried this year, but he’s hopeful for next year. He has no anticipated date. Neither does defense attorney George Beck. But Beck points out that it’s the prosecution, not the defense, that is causing the delay. Fowler, who is free on bond, was 73 when he was indicted. He turns 76 on Sept. 10. He is biding his time at his home in the black community in southeast Alabama. He said legal costs are draining his money and he can’t get a job because of the highprofile charge. “It’s an anchor on me. I can’t go anywhere or do anything. I’m tired of the whole thing. I never could see any reason for it anyway,” Fowler said Sept. 2. A former U.S. attorney who successfully prosecuted an old civil rights-era case said time is critical because most potential witnesses are elderly. “Every day that goes by is a day you risk losing a witness,” Doug Jones said. Jones got convictions against two former Klansmen in 2001 and 2002 for a Birmingham church bombing that killed four black girls
in 1963. Jones said five of his witnesses died within a year after the trials ended. Fowler said he has developed shoulder problems in the last two years and needs surgery, but he’s doing pretty well. Despite the effects of time, one thing has never changed about Fowler: his insistence that he shot Jackson in self-defense. On Feb. 18, 1965, Fowler was one of several state troopers patrolling a night march by voting-rights activists in the town of Marion. They were marching to the Perry County Jail to protest the arrest of one of Martin Luther King Jr.’s lieutenants, the Rev. James Orange, for organizing blacks to try to vote. Street lights went out and a melee started, with officers beating marchers. Fowler maintains he fired because Jackson hit him in the head with a soft drink bottle and tried to wrestle away his gun. History has recorded it differently. Civil rights museums in Alabama and the National Voting Rights Trail credit Jackson with trying to protect his mother and grandfather from getting beaten by troopers. They say his death prompted See CIVIL RIGHTS, page 4
AP Photo by PAUL SAKUMA
PASSING THE TEST — California Superintendent of Public Instruction Jack O’Connell points to a graph during a news conference in San Jose on Sept. 2. The graph shows the results of the Class of 2009 California High School Exit Exam; just over 90 percent of California’s high school seniors passed the exam by the end of their senior year.
progress. To close a massive budget deficit, the state has cut $18 billion in funding for K-12 schools and community colleges. The new data showed the performance of Hispanic and black students continued to lag that of white and Asian students, but the achievement gap narrowed slightly. The exit exam pass rate was 81 percent for blacks, 87 percent for Hispanics, 95 percent for Asians and 96 percent for whites. As part of July’s budget agreement, Gov. Arnold Schwarzenegger suspended the exam requirement for
special education students, who make up about 11 percent of California high school students. Backers say it is unfair to expect students with disabilities to pass the exit exam when the state is slashing education funding, but O’Connell said the move will lower expectations for special education students and devalue the diplomas they earn. “This action represents an irresponsible and shortsighted shift in education policy,” he said. About 57 percent of special education students passed the exit exam in 2009, up 2 percent from 2008.
NEWS IN BRIEF THE SOUTHLAND Mayor Villaraigosa Names New Gang Czar (Mayor’s office) — Antonio Villaraigosa on Sept. 8 named Guillermo Cespedes as the city’s new gang reduction and youth development director. Cespedes replaces the Rev. Jeff Carr, who on Sept. 18 will become the mayor’s new chief of staff. As the city’s new gang reduction director, Cespedes will oversee and advance all aspects of the city’s efforts to reduce gang violence through enhanced opportunities for youth, as well as oversee all of the city’s gang prevention, intervention and re-entry programs in the mayor’s gang reduction strategy.
Guillermo Cespedes
Cespedes has more than 25 years of experience in the design, implementation and supervision of the delivery of services to disadvantaged and at-risk youth. He is also the architect of the city’s successful gang reduction program “Summer Night Lights,” playing a key role in the expansion of the program to 16 sites in its second year. In this capacity, Cespedes was responsible for the overall implementation of the summerlong gang reduction program.
Local Women Plead No Contest for Boy’s Torture (AP) — Two Los Angeles women accused of burning, starving and beating the 5-year-old son of one of the women have pleaded no contest to causing corporal injury to a child. The boy’s mother, Starkeisha Brown, was sentenced to 15 years in prison after entering the plea on Sept. 4. Her live-in girlfriend Krystal Matthews received a 14year term. The two would have faced 25 years to life in prison if convicted. They avoided trial by pleading no contest, and prosecutors said the boy won’t have to testify. The boy was found ill and in the care of a homeless stranger outside a county child services office in Compton in 2008. See BRIEFS, page 8
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