Building Technology 1 - Project 2

BUILDING TECHNOLOGY I [BLD 61403] PROJECT II : CONSTRUCTION SOLUTIONS NAME : CHOONG LAI MUN ID : 0313573 TUTOR : MR SIVARAMAN

TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.

INTRODUCTION TO STUDIO DESIGN PROJECT

2. PRECEDENT STUDIES & ANALYSIS OF CONSTRUCTION SYSTEM 2.1 ROOF SYSTEM - DOUBLE ROOFING SYSTEM

2.2 FACADE SYSTEM - CORTEN STEEL CLADDING 2.3 FACADE SYSTEM - WIRE MESH FACADE 2.4 STRUCTURAL SYSTEM - COMPOSTIE SLIM-FLOOR BEAM

3. ALTERNATE FACADE DEISGN SCHEME FOR STUDIO DESIGN PROJECT 3.1 FRONT FACADE DESIGN SCHEME 1

3.2 FRONT FACADE DESIGN SCHEME 2 3.3 REAR FACADE DESIGN SCHEME 1 3.4 REAR FACADE DESIGN SCHEME 2

4. DETAILED SECTIONAL PERPECTIVE DRAWINGS 4.1 SECTIONAL PERSPECTIVE 1

4.2 SECTIONAL PERSPECTIVE 2

ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN STUDIO V NEW

COMMUNITY

LIBRARY

LOCATION : JALAN SULTAN AZLAN SHAH, SENTUL, KUALA LUMPUR Located along Jalan Sultan Azlan Shah, Sentul, Kualal Lumpur, the new community library will be a vibrant and interesting place for the whole community, welcoming people of all ages and all backgrounds. The role of the library as a focus for community interaction and for a variety of cultural, learning and recreational opportunities.

With the intention of re-living the community of sentul, the community library is designed to create comfortable and quality open spaces to allow free-and-easy interaction between the community. With the design concept of “Filling in The Missing Pieces�, where young adults are seen slowly drained out from the Sentul community, the new library is to provide spaces such as makerspace and game room where more interaction between all other communities happens. In order to cater for students from schools around the area, the new library also offers discussion rooms as well as individual reading spaces to fulfull both users.

ROOF SYSTEM

MATERIAL USED :

Timber, aluminium, galvanized steel

DOUBLE ROOFING SYSTEM PRECEDENT STUDY : T-HOUSE Architect Location

Structural

: : :

Onur Teke Mordoğan, 35970 Mordoğan/Karaburun/İzmir Province, Turkey Onur Kutlukaya

T-house roof is a double layered pitched roof strutcture designed to encounter the local weather of a rural area in Turkey. The roof is constructed by a first layer of primary timber roofing and then covered by a secondary roofing which is a glazed timber roofing supported by galvanized steel structure connected to the reinforced concrete structured wall.

CONSTRUCTION : 1. Timber beams connects to reinforced concrete wall system by galvanized angle clip.

2. Gypsum ceiling panel, thermal insulation panel, water proofing membrane, timber cladding are sintalled on timber beams with support of stainless steel member fixing.

3. “A” profiled supports final roof structure creates ventilation gap.

4. Timber joist layer connected to aluminium structure.

ADVANTAGES : 1. Creates a gap in between to allow air ventilation, cools the air before penetrating into the interior of the house.

2. Gutters along the timber beams are used to collect rainwater and to be used to water plants and other usage.

REASON OF CHOICE :

DISADVANTAGES : 1. Timber construction will last a long tim only if they are constructed properly.

2. Timber has slightly low thermal mass when compared to materials such as masonry or concrete.

The idea of double layer roofing system that creates a gap between the ceiling and the roof is a great idea of a passive natural cooling device to cool down the hot air before penetrating into the interior of the building, as temperature control is a very important aspect when it comes to buildings in Malaysia.

FACADE SYSTEM

MATERIAL USED :

corten steel panels, stainless steel

CORTEN STEEL CLADDING P R E C E D E N T S T U D Y : HEBBURN CENTRAL COMMUNITY CENTER Architect Location Facade system

: : :

FaulknerBrowns Architects Hebburn, Newcastle, England Benchmark by Kingspan

Facade system used by the Hebburn Central Community Center is a corten steel or also known as weather steel cladding. The corten steel facade is a facade that naturally rusts over time, producing a striking oxide finish. The rust creates a protective coating that constantly forms allowing the facade to self heal. The choice of the material cladded on the building is influenced by the region’s ship-building heritage. The corten steel surfaces recall the rusty hulls of ships in those yards and give the building an industrial character.

CONSTRUCTION :

Corten Steel is available in three cassette options, Hook-on Cassette, Recess-fixed Cassette and Interlocking Plank.

In this case, Hook-on Cassette is used. This system is a secret solution that can be installed in either a landscape or portrait orientation. Hook-on Cassettes are installed onto the appropriate railing system consisting of vertical mullions, locating clips and fixings. The design of the cassette allows it to hook onto the locating clips in the vertical mullion. The cassette is secured to the mullion using stainless steel self-drilling screws, to prevent movement in service.

ADVANTAGES : 1. Excellent weathering properties.

2. Steel reforms after abrasions.

3. Option to be painted and/ or sealed.

4. High structural strength.

5. High recycled content.

6. 100% recyclable.

7. Low solar reflectivity.

DISADVANTAGES : 1. Corten steel itself is not rust-proof, if water accumulation happends, higher corrosion may happen.

2. Sensitive to humid subtropical climate. In such environments, it is possible that the protective patina may not stabilize but instead continue to corrode.

REASON OF CHOICE :

1. Very durable material with low maintenance needed thus it would be a great choice to use as an exterior facade cladding of a building.

Its raw but attractive appearance blends in with the environment naturally and it would even improve as it age.

2. Relates to the environment context as well as the design concept of the building as the site was used to be a railway port .

FACADE SYSTEM

MATERIAL USED : wire mesh, steel profiles

WIRE MESH FACADE P R E C E D E N T S T U D Y : F O R T I S C I T Y H O T E L Architect Location Facade system

: : :

IP Architects Pelven, Bulgaria Haver and Boecker

The Fortis City Hotel in Pleven, Bulgaria is a new modern hotel, which opened in 2008.

The architects’ intention was to emphasize the exclusiveness of the hotel by creating an interesting appearance of the exterior facade. With this intention, architectural wire mesh is chosen to be intalled as the building facade. The other concept of the application of the wire mesh facade is also to offer privacy for the hotel guess without completely blocking the penetration of natural light. The facade elements in Fortis City Hotel are 5.60m high with one intermediate mounting level. A total of 237m2 of wire mesh is used.

CONSTRUCTION :

There are a total of 3 sections of a typical mounting solutions for wire mesh facade. Which is top mounting, intermediate mounting and bottom mounting. Depending on the height of the facade, the number of intermediate mounting will vary.

1. Top Mouting A flat tension profile (tension strip) is equipped with clevis bolts. Using the bolts, the wire mesh element is suspended into the substructure. At the same time the bolts are used to apply tension at the top mounting point.

2. Intermediate Mounting With proper opening sizes wire mesh elements can be mounted with wire connectors, which wrap around a tube, located behind the mesh. The connectors interlock with the mesh from the back.

3. Bottom Mounting Flat tension profiles are used.

Proper tensioning is acheived with clevis screws that are attached to the flat tension profile. Especially in exterior applications structural characteristics require the use of additional pressure springs.

ADVANTAGES :

1. The transparency of wire mesh provides natural ventilaion.

2. Provides effective sun protection; filtering sunlight and reducing the heat within the building significantly at the same time allow good view from the inside.

3. Can be used as fall protection in parking garages, stair cases or balconies.

4. Long-life cycle, durable. By using corrosion-resistant stainless steel, it is virtually maintenance-free.

5. Has exccelent reflection properties. Pairing facade with lighting elements will transform its appearance from day to night.

REASON OF CHOICE : 1. Provides a certain amount of privacy but at the same time keeping the idea of transparency within the interior and exterior.

2. Function as effective sun protection system.

3. Provides ventilation

STRUCTURAL SYSTEM

MATERIAL USED :

steel beam, concrete, reinforced rebars, profiled steel sheet

COMPOSITE SLIM-FLOOR BEAM

P R E C E D E N T S T U D Y : C I T E I N T E R N A T I O N A L E Architect Location Structure

: : :

Renzo Piano Lyon, France Arcelor Mittal

A project combining architecture and urbanism, the Cité Internationale covers an area of 15 hectares located between the Tête d’Or park and the Rhone river. The structural system used in the Cité Internationale is the Composite Slim-Floor Beam. The CoSFB (= Composite SlimFloor Beam), a new development from ArcelorMittal, combines the advantages of composite design with traditional slim-floor construction. The connection between in-situ concrete and the hot rolled steel section is assured by concrete dowels. These dowels are openings in the web of the steel section, penetrated by reinforced concrete. Thanks to this innovative shear connection the composite action is assured without an increase of the construction height!

Due to the composite action the stiffness and robustness of the structure is significantly be increased.

CONSTRUCTION : 1. Web-openings are created on the steel beam, a layer of steel plate are being welded under the steel beam.

2. The profiled steel sheets are then placed on top of the end diaphragm and to be locked by using self-drililng screw.

3. Longitudinal reinforcements are installed along the steel beam.

4. Additional dowed reinforcment are inseted through the web-opnings, slab reinforcment are also to be placed on top.

5. In-situ concrete are being poured on top.

ADVANTAGES : 1.Floor thickness reduciton. This concept leads to a total floor thickness within 20cm and 40cm. Clear height can be increased, extra floors can be added.

2.Easier to build in under-floor technical equipment.

3.Freedom in ground floor design. Number of columns are minimized, area can be easily re-organized.

4.Provides structural protection which meets most regulatory requirements, so that no fire protection is required.

REASON OF CHOICE :

Composite slim-floor beam is able to provide a thinner beam, allowing a higher ceiling as well as an advantage of building extra floors easily. The most important aspect of this beam is that it is stronf enough to withstand a longer clear span, therfore minimizing the usage of columns, thus provide a larger space and more vertical movement. This structural system benefits when designer are to constructing larger scale of buidlings.

FACADE SYSTEM

CORTEN STEEL CLADDING F R O N T FA C A D E D E S I G N S C H E M E 1 FOR STUDIO DESIGN PROJECT SCALE 1: 100

FACADE SYSTEM WIRE MESH FACADE

F R O N T FA C A D E D E S I G N S C H E M E 2 FOR STUDIO DESIGN PROJECT SCALE 1: 100

FACADE SYSTEM

CORTEN STEEL CLADDING R E A R FA C A D E D E S I G N S C H E M E 1 FOR STUDIO DESIGN PROJECT SCALE 1: 100

FACADE SYSTEM WIRE MESH FACADE

R E A R FA C A D E D E S I G N S C H E M E 2 FOR STUDIO DESIGN PROJECT SCALE 1: 100

S E CT I O N A L PERSPECTIVE SCALE 1: 40

D E TA I L E D SECTIONAL PERSPECTIVE OF LOWERGROUND FLOOR PLAZA W I T H W I R E M E S H FA C A D E SY S T E M , GROUND FLOOR SLAB SYSTEM, SLIM-FLOOR BEAM STRUCTURE

4

UP

FFL -1.00m

A

B

C

FFL -1.00m

FFL -1.00m

182mm x 182mm I-beam with 40mm web opening 15.5mm fillet weld 10mm profiled steel sheet Cofraplus 22

flat tension profile

WIRE MESH FA C A D E SY S T E M

concrete footing 150mm hardcore filling 50mm sand blinding 15mm DPM 50mm water resistant rigid insulation 150mm concrete flooring

DOWN UP

FFL -0.10m

DOWN

FFL +0.80m

10mm dowel reinforcement 50mm floor finish 150mm cast in-situ concrete

UP

wire mesh panel clevis screw flat tension profile steel angle bracket bolted onto steel column tensioning spring

FFL ±0.00m

LOWER GROUND FLOOR PLAN FFL ±0.00m

C-shaped steel beam

wire mesh panel

wire mesh panel flat tension profile clevis screw steel angle bracket bolted onto steel column tensioning spring anchor bolted on base plate

3

2

D

SLIM FLOOR BEAM STRUCTURE

steel angle bracket bolted onto steel column clevis screw

1

S E CT I O N A L PERSPECTIVE SCALE 1: 40

D E TA I L E D S E CT I O N A L P E R S P E CT I V E OF 2ND FLOOR AUDITORIUM WITH CORTEN STEEL FA C A D E SYSTEM , DOUBLE ROOFING SYSTEM, SLIM-FLOOR BEAM STRUCTURE

1

3

2

4

UP

A

B VOID VOID DOWN

C

D

DOWN

20mm odulated roof panel + waterproofing membrane 60mm sound insulation layer 60mm x 60mm purlin 100mm x 80mm steel profile fixing

30mm x 30mm secondary spacer structure - A profile 75mm x 100mm timber joist

2ND FLOOR PLAN

300mm ventilation gap steel bracket bolted to beam

CORTEN STEEL FA C A D E C L A D D I N G O N STEEL STRUCTURE

DOUBLE ROOFING SYSTEM WITH STEEL STRUCTURE

steel bracket bolted to beam

steel column structure 50mm sound insulation layer 80mm vertical mullions 60mm corten steel facade cassette

cassette hook

steel bracket bolted to beam

SLIM FLOOR BEAM STRUCTURE steel bracket bolted to beam 50mm floor finish 150mm concrete cast in-situ concrete 200mmx200mm I-beam 40mm reinforcement 10mm profiled steel sheet Cofraplus 22

15.5mm fillet weld