April 2013

April - May 2013 | Vol. 2 | Issue 1 | Price ` 10

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4/2/13

2:22 PM

k‑q£‑n-¡‑pI‑, Xe-b‑v¡‑p-a‑p-I-f‑nð Hc‑p h‑mÄ

A FREE PRESS IS

YOUR GUARANTEE www.worldpressfreedomday.org

tIcf {]kv A¡mZan {]kn²oIcn¨ ]pXnb ]pkvXIw Gtgmfw Zn\-¸-{X-§-fnð Im¼n-tÈcn Icp-Wm-I-c³ tPmen sNbvXp. Xe-Øm\ \K-c-¯nse km[m-cW dnt¸mÀ«À apXð No^v FUn-äÀ ]Zhn hsc \ofpó ssZ\w-Zn\ ]{X-hr-¯n-bpsS Fñm ]S-hp-I-fnepw Ccpó Im¼n-tÈcn A\ym-Zr-iy-amb hen-sbmcp amXr-I-bmWv ae-bmf am[y-a-N-cn-{X-¯nð Fgp-Xn-t¨À¯-Xv. Iayq-WnÌv ]mÀ«n-bpsS (kn.-]n.-sF) apJ-]-{X-amb P\-bp-K-¯n-emWv Im¼n-tÈcn Icp-Wm-I-c³ Imð\q-äm-tïmfw tPmen sNbvX-Xv. Hcp cmjv{So-b-¸mÀ«n-bpsS {]Nm-cW Pnlzsb Fñm P\-hn-`m-K-§Ä¡pw kzoIm-cy-ambn¯ocm-hpó Xc-¯nð hn`-hkw-hn-[m-\-§-fn-eq-sSbpw sshhn-[y-§-fn-eq-sSbpw Hcp-¡n-sb-Sp¯v hnP-b-I-c-ambn aptóm«p sImïp-t]mb AÛp-X-amWv Im¼n-tÈ-cn-bpsS henb kw`m-h-\.

AXn\p apt¼m ]nóotSm A¯-c-samcp A\p-`hw ae-bmf ]{X-{]-hÀ¯-\-¯nð Cñ.

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1013 cq] hnebpÅ 11 ]pkvXI§Ä Ct¸mÄ 450 cq]¡v "Im¼ntÈcn: Imew Im¯ph¨ ]{Xm[n]À' AS¡w {]kv A¡mZan {]kn²oIcn¨ Fñm ]pkvXI§fpw Hón¨p hm§nbmð 1013 cq] sam¯w hnebpÅ 11 ]pkvXI§fpw IqSn 450 cq]bv¡p e`n¡pw.

X]menemsW¦nð 570 cq]. aäp ]pkvXI§Ä: • kztZim`nam\n: cmPt{Zmlnbmb cmPykvt\ln; Sn. thWptKm]mð; hne 260 cq] • kztZim`nam\nbpsS ]{X{]hÀ¯\w, cmPhmgvNbpsS Zrãnbnð; hnhÀ¯\w: ]pXp¸Ån cmLh³; hne 35 cq] • hr¯m´ ]{X{]hÀ¯\w; kztZim`nam\n cmaIrjvW]nÅ; hne 40 cq] • aebmf ]{X{]hÀ¯\¯nsâ A¼XphÀjw 1947þ1997; hne 90 cq] • ]{X`mj; hne 20 cq] • \m«phntijw; Sn. thWptKm]mð, tXmakv tP¡ºv; 7.50 cq] • hmÀ¯bpsS inev]ime; F³. F³. kXy{hX³; hne 150 cq] • F.sI.]nÅ: BZÀi§fpsS càkm£n; F. cm[mIrjvW³; hne 135 cq] • \¼ymÀ ]nsóbpw apónð \nð¡póp; ]n. {io[c³; hne 60 cq] • s\tòenbpsS I¼n; sI. sI. taml\³; hne 75 cq] tIm¸nIÄ¡v:

sk-{I-«dn; tI-c-f {]-kv A-¡mZ-an; Im-¡-\mSv, sIm¨n þ 682030; t^m¬: 0484 2422275 sN-t¡m Un-Untbm a-Wn-tbmÀ-U-tdm A-b-¡p-I

G{]nð þ sabv 2013 $ ]pkvXIw 2 $ e¡w 1 $ hne ` 10

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k‑q£‑n-¡‑pI‑, Xe-b‑v¡‑p-a‑p-I-f‑nð Hc‑p h‑mÄ k®‑n-¡‑p«‑n F{‑_-l‑m‑w

16 The The Free Press Principle WAN-IFRA

FUntämdnbð skÀ¨vv 11

13

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Building credibility is the key Sashi Nair

‘Dainik Asha’ completes 100 years Dr. Mrinal Chatterjee

Who is Studying Kerala Media?

Ashok R Chandran

34

Pulitzer prize 2013 winners

4 21

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FUntämdnbð

-Fh‑n-s‑S \-½‑p-s‑S d‑n-t‑^‑m‑w-k‑v {‑]-Ø‑m\‑w?

1983 Editor N. P. Rajendran Chairman, Kerala Press Academy Editorial Board E. P. Shajuddeen Chief News Editor, Mangalam, Kozhikode N. Rajesh News Editor, Madhyamam, Kozhikode M. P. Suryadas Chief Sub Editor, Mathrubhumi, Kozhikode P. Sujathan Political Editor, Veekshanam, Kochi T. R. Madhukumar News Editor, Deshabhimani, Kozhikode C. N. Mohanan Manager, Deshabhimani, Kochi Editorial Assistant P. Salil Design & Layout Praveen Ophelia Printer & Publisher V. G. Renuka Secretary, Kerala Press Academy Address 'Media' Kerala Press Academy Kakkanad, Kochi - 682 030 Phone: 0484 2422275 E-Mail: media.kpa@gmail.com Website: www.pressacademy.org Subscribe ‘Media’ Single Issue: ` 10 Annual Subscription: ` 100 Advertisement tariff Back cover: Color: ` 25,000 Inside cover: Color: ` 20,000 Inside B&W: ` 15,000

G{]nð þ sabv 2013

 A¼-X‑v t‑I‑mÀ-¸-t‑d-ä‑v I-¼-\‑n-I-f‑p-s‑S D-S-a-Ø-X-b‑n-e‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-t‑a-c‑n-¡-b‑n-s‑e a‑m-[‑y-a-§-f‑n _-l‑p-`‑q-c‑n-]-£-h‑p‑w. a‑m-[‑y-a-Kt‑hjI\‑m-b s‑_³ _‑m-K‑v-U‑n-I‑y‑m³ A-¡‑me-¯‑v F-g‑pX‑n-b a‑oU‑n-b t‑a‑m-t‑W‑ms‑]‑m-f‑n F-¶ ]‑p-k‑v-X-I-¯‑n C-¡‑mc‑y‑w N‑q-ï‑n-¡‑m-«‑n-b-t‑¸‑mÄ‑, C‑u K-t‑h-jI³ s‑h-d‑p-s‑X B-f‑pI-s‑f t‑]-S‑n-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v F-¶‑v ]-ec‑p‑w I-c‑p-X‑n. C-t‑X ]‑p-k‑v-X-I-¯‑n-s‑â \‑me‑m‑w ]-X‑n-¸‑v 1992  {‑]-k‑n-²-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑n-b-t‑¸‑mÄ A-X‑n {‑K-Ù-IÀ-¯‑m-h‑v s‑h-f‑n-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑n þ A-t‑a-c‑n-¡-b‑n c-ï‑v U-k-\‑n I‑pd-h‑v Ø‑m-]-\-§-f‑mW‑v P-\I‑ob a‑m-[‑y-a-§-f‑n 90 i-X-a‑m-\-¯‑n-s‑âb‑p‑w D-S-a-Ø·‑mÀ F-¶‑v. a‑m-[‑y-a-§-s‑f-¶‑v ]-d-b‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ A-X‑n ]-{‑X-§f‑p‑w B-\‑p-I‑m-e‑n-I§f‑p‑w N‑m-\-e‑p-If‑p‑w t‑d-U‑nt‑b‑m t‑Ì-j-\‑p-If‑p‑w ]‑p-k‑v-X-I-§f‑p‑w k‑n-\‑n-a-If‑p‑w h‑o-U‑n-t‑b‑m-I-f‑p‑w t‑^‑mt‑«‑m G-P³-k‑n-If‑p‑w FÃ‑m‑w DÄ-s‑¸-S‑p¶‑p. I‑p-¯-I-I-f‑ps‑S F-®‑w s‑s‑h-I‑m-s‑X A-c U-k-\‑n X‑m-s‑g-b‑m-I‑p‑w F-¶‑v A-t‑±-l‑w A-¶‑v {‑]-h-N‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑p-ï‑mb‑n. Bc‑p‑w CX-{‑X I‑m-c‑y-a‑m-b‑n F-S‑p-¯‑nÃ. Z a‑oU‑n-b t‑a‑mt‑W‑m-s‑]‑m-f‑n F-¶ B {‑K-Ù-¯‑n Bd‑m‑w ]-X‑n-¸‑v C-d-§‑n-b-X‑v 2000þ‑ma‑m-ï‑ne‑mW‑v. A-t‑¸‑m-t‑g¡‑p‑w a‑m[‑y-a D-S-a-Ø t‑I‑mÀ-¸-t‑d-ä‑p-I-f‑p-s‑S F-®‑w B-d‑m-b‑n I‑p-d-ª‑n-c‑p¶‑p. C-t‑¸‑mÄ A-©‑p-I-¼-\‑nIÄ þ s‑s‑S‑w-h‑mÀWÀ‑, U‑n-k‑v\‑n‑, \‑y‑q-k‑v t‑I‑mÀ-¸-t‑d-j³‑, s‑_À-s‑SÂ-k‑v-a³( PÀ-a-\‑n‑)‑, h-b‑m-t‑I‑m‑w þ B-W‑v ]‑m-Ý‑m-X‑yt‑e‑m-I-¯‑n-s‑â a‑m-[‑y-a§-s‑f \‑n-b-{‑´‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v.

C-¡‑m-c‑y-¯‑n-\‑v F-´‑m-W‑v C-t‑¸‑mÄ {‑]-t‑X‑y-I {‑]k-à‑n F-¶ t‑N‑mZ‑y‑w D-bc‑m‑w. C-¯-c-s‑a‑m-c‑p A-h-Ø ka‑o-] `‑m-h‑n-b‑n t‑]‑me‑p‑w C-´‑y-b‑n D-ï‑m-h‑p-Ib‑nà F-¶‑v t‑_‑m-[‑y-a‑p-Å-X‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑v \-½-s‑f-´‑n-\‑m-W‑v ]‑m-Ý‑m-X‑y-t‑e‑m-I-¯‑n-s‑â t‑h-h-e‑m-X‑n-I-f‑n ]-¦‑p-s‑I‑m-Å‑p-¶-s‑X¶‑p‑w t‑X‑m-¶‑n-t‑b-¡‑m‑w. ]t‑£‑, A-t‑a-c‑n¡-b‑nt‑e‑m d‑p-]À-S‑v aÀ-t‑U‑m-¡‑n-s‑â P-·-\‑mS‑m-b B-k‑v-t‑{‑S-e‑n-b-b‑nt‑e‑m a‑m-{‑X‑w D-bÀ-¶‑p-h-c‑p-¶ {‑]-i‑v-\-a‑m-W‑v C-s‑X-¶‑v [-c‑n-¨‑p-I‑q-S‑m. P-\‑m-[‑n-]-X‑y-¯‑ns‑e a‑m[‑y-a ]-¦‑n-s‑\ I‑p-d‑n-¨‑v B-ib‑p‑w B-i-¦-b‑p-a‑pÅhÀ-s‑¡Ã‑m‑w- A-d‑n-b‑m‑w Bt‑K‑m-f-hÂ-I‑r-Xa‑m-b C‑u t‑e‑mI¯‑v C-X‑v C-¶-s‑Ã-¦‑n \‑m-s‑f \-½‑p-s‑S h‑o-«‑pa‑p-ä-t‑¯¡‑p‑w I-S-¶‑p-h-c‑p‑w F-¶‑v. A-X‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑p-Xs‑¶‑, ]‑m-Ý‑m-X‑y-t‑e‑m-I-¯‑v \-S-¡‑p-¶ a‑m[‑y-a t‑I-{‑µ‑o-I-c-W-¯‑ne‑p‑w A-X‑n-s‑\-X‑n-s‑c D-b-c‑p-¶ i-Ð-§-f‑ne‑p‑w ]-c‑n-j‑vI‑m-c {‑]-Ø‑m-\-§-f‑ne‑p‑w _-Ô-s‑¸-« k‑w-`-h-§-f‑n-e‑p-s‑aÃ‑m‑w \-a‑p¡‑p‑w X‑me‑v-]-c‑y-a‑p-ï‑v, D-ï‑m-hW‑w.

A-t‑a-c‑n-¡-b‑n-s‑e s‑U³-h-d‑n 2013 G-{‑]‑n 5‑,6‑,7 X‑n-¿-X‑n-I-f‑n h-e‑n-s‑b‑mc‑p k-t‑½f-\‑w \-S-¡‑p-I-b‑p-ï‑mb‑n. \‑m-j-\ t‑I‑m¬-^-d³-k‑v t‑^‑mÀ a‑oU‑n-b d‑n-t‑^‑m‑w F-¶‑v t‑]-c‑n-« C‑u k-t‑½-f-\-¯‑n a‑m[‑y-a \‑n-c‑o-£-Ic‑p‑w K-t‑h-jIc‑p‑w h‑n-aÀ-i-I-c‑p-s‑aÃ‑m‑w {‑]-hÀ¯‑n¡‑p-¶ \‑q-d‑p-I-W-¡‑n-\‑v k‑w-L-S-\-I-f‑ps‑S {‑]-hÀ-¯-Ic‑p‑w {‑]-X‑n-\‑n-[‑n-If‑p‑w ]-s‑¦-S‑p-¯‑n-c‑p¶‑p. C‑u k-t‑½-f-\-¯‑n Ft‑´‑m he‑n-b h‑n¹-h‑w \S-¶‑p F¶Ã. ]t‑£‑, t‑e‑m-I-s‑¯-¼‑m-S‑p-\‑n¶‑p‑w \‑n-ch-[‑n t‑]À C‑u k-t‑½-f-\-¯‑n ]-s‑¦-S‑p-¯‑v X-§-f‑p-s‑S c‑m-P‑y-s‑¯ a‑m-[‑y-a§-f‑p-s‑S A-hØ-s‑b I‑p-d‑n-¨‑v h‑n-h-c‑n¨‑p. AÀ-Pâ‑o-\-b‑n \‑n¶‑p‑w {‑_-k‑o-e‑n \‑n¶‑p‑w N‑n-e‑n-b‑nÂ-\‑n¶‑p‑w l‑w-K-d‑n-b‑n \‑n¶‑p‑w C-´‑y-b‑n \‑n-¶‑p-t‑]‑m-e‑p‑w {‑]-X‑n-\‑n-[‑n-I-Ä k-t‑½-f-\-¯‑n F-¯‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p-. ‑A-\‑n-b-{‑´‑n-Xa‑m-b I‑p-¯-I-hÂ-¡c-W‑w F§s‑\ a‑m-[‑y-a-k‑z‑m-X-{‑´‑y-s‑¯b‑p‑w P-\‑m-[‑n-]-X‑y-s‑¯b‑p‑w AÀ-°-i‑q-\‑y-a‑m-¡‑p-¶‑p F-¶‑v k-t‑½-f-\-¯‑n-s‑e {‑]-k‑w-K-§-f‑p‑w {‑]-k-t‑â-j-\‑p-If‑p‑w h‑n-f‑n-¨-‑p]-dª‑p. -a‑m-[‑y-a-s‑s‑h-h‑n²‑y‑w a-c‑n¨‑m P-\‑m-[‑n-]-X‑y‑w CÃ‑m-X‑mh‑p‑w F-¶-X‑m-W‑v k-t‑½f-\‑w D-bÀ-¯‑n-¸‑n-S‑n-¨ H-c‑p {‑][‑m-\ X-¯‑z‑w. D-S-a-Ø-X-b‑n-s‑e t‑I-{‑µ‑o-IcW‑w Dï‑m-¡‑p-¶ I‑p-¯-I a-ä‑v h‑y-h-k‑m-b-§-f‑n- k‑r-ã‑n¡‑pI k‑m-¼-¯‑n-Ia‑m-b {‑]-i‑v-\-§-f‑m-W‑v. h‑n-e-\‑nÀ-

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W-b-¯‑ns‑e G-I‑m-[‑n-]X‑y‑w \‑m-S‑n-s‑\ N‑qj-W‑w s‑N-¿‑p-¶‑, s‑I‑m-Å-b-S‑n-¡‑p-¶ A-h-Ø-b‑p-ï‑m¡‑p-s‑a-¶‑v D-d¸‑v. ]-t‑£‑, a‑m-[‑y-a-§-f‑p-s‑S D-Sa-Ø-X t‑I-{‑µ‑o-I‑r-X-a‑m-I‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ A-X‑p-ï‑m¡‑p-I ]-c-¼-c‑m-K-X AÀ-°-¯‑n-e‑p-Å k‑m-¼¯‑nIN‑q-j-W‑w a‑m{‑XaÃ. P-\-§Ä F-´‑p-h‑m-§W‑w‑, F-´‑p- N‑n-´‑n-¡W‑w‑, B-s‑c X‑n-c-s‑ª-S‑p-¸‑n P-b‑n-¸‑n-¡W‑w‑, F-´‑v \-b-§Ä \-S-¸‑m-¡-W‑w F-s‑¶Ã‑m‑w C-hÀ X‑o-c‑p-a‑m-\‑n-¡‑p-¶ A-h-Ø-b‑n-t‑e-¡‑v C-X‑v \-b‑n-¡‑p‑w. t‑e‑m-I-s‑¯¯-s‑¶ t‑I‑mÀ-¸-t‑d-ä‑p-I-f‑p-s‑S s‑s‑I-¸‑n-S‑n-b‑n-s‑e‑m-X‑p-¡‑p-¶ \-b-§Ä-¡‑v A‑w-K‑o-I‑m-c‑w D-ï‑m¡‑p-I a‑p-J‑ya‑m[‑y-a AP³-U B-b‑n a‑m-d‑p‑w. t‑\‑m‑w t‑N‑m‑w-k‑v-I‑n a‑m-\‑p-^‑m-I‑v-N-d‑n-M‑v I¬-s‑kâ‑v F-¶‑v h‑n-f‑n¨X‑v a‑m-[‑y-a-¡‑p-¯-I- k‑r-ã‑n-¡‑p-¶ C‑u A-X‑y-]‑m-b-I-ca‑m-b {‑]-X‑y‑m-L‑m-X-s‑¯-b‑mW‑v. a‑oU‑n-b d‑n-t‑^‑m‑w F¶-X‑v H-c‑p P-\I‑o-b {‑]-Ø‑m-\-a‑m-b‑n h-fÀ-¶‑p-h-c‑p-¶‑p F-¶-X‑m-W‑v s‑U³-hÀ k-t‑½f-\‑w \Â-I‑p-¶ k‑qN-\. A-t‑a-c‑n-¡-¡‑v- a‑m-{‑XaÃ‑, A-t‑a-c‑n¡-¡‑v ]‑p-d-t‑¯-¡‑p‑w A-X‑n-s‑â I‑m-ä‑p- h‑o-i‑n-¯‑p-S-§‑n-b‑n-«‑p-ï‑v. b‑q-t‑d‑m-]‑y³ b‑q-W‑nb\‑n-s‑e 27 c‑m-{‑ã-§Ä-¡‑p‑w _‑m-[I-a‑m-bX‑p‑w a‑m[‑y-a _-l‑p-k‑zcX t‑{‑]‑m-Õ‑m-l‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑pa‑m-b \‑n-b-a-§-Ä \‑nÀ-a‑n-¡-W-s‑a-¶‑v B-h-i‑y-s‑¸-S‑p-¶ {‑]-Ø‑m-\-¯‑n-\‑v X‑pS-¡‑w I‑p-d‑n-¡‑m³ C‑u k-t‑½-f\‑w X‑o-c‑p-a‑m-\‑n-¨‑n«‑pï‑v.

A-t‑a-c‑n¡-¡‑v A-I-¯‑m-h-s‑« A-t‑\-I-a-t‑\-I‑w k‑w-L-S-\-IÄ \‑m-\‑m-`‑m-K-§-f‑n D-b-À-¶‑p-h-¶‑pI-g‑nª‑p. a‑m[‑y-a D-SaØ-X k‑w-_-Ô‑n-¨ FÃ‑m \‑n-b-{‑´-W-§f‑p‑w F-S‑p-¯‑p-I-f-b-W-s‑a-¶ B-h-i‑y-s‑¯ s‑N-d‑p-¡‑p-¶-X‑n-e‑p‑w CâÀ-s‑\-ä‑v A-h-I‑m-i-k‑w-c-£-W-¯‑ne‑p‑w d‑n-t‑^‑m‑w {‑]-Ø‑m-\-‑w he‑n-b k‑w-`‑m-h-\ \Â-I‑n-b‑n-«‑p-ï‑v.

I-£‑n-c‑m-j‑v{‑S‑o-b-¯‑n-s‑â X‑m-e‑v-]-c‑y-§-f‑n a‑m{‑X‑w D‑u-¶‑p-¶‑, X‑n-I¨‑p‑w c‑m-j‑v-{‑S‑o-b-a‑m-b a‑m-[‑ya-h‑n-aÀ-i-\h‑p‑w a‑m-[‑y-a-NÀ-¨b‑p‑w \-S-¡‑p-¶ {‑]-t‑Z-i-a‑m-W‑v t‑I-cf‑w. P-\-§Ä-¡‑n-S-b‑n k‑z‑o-I‑mc‑yX I‑q-S‑p-X D-Åh-s‑c t‑\‑m-¡‑n I‑p-¯-I Ø‑m-]-\-s‑a-¶‑v s‑I‑mª-\‑w I‑p¯‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v \-½‑p-s‑S \‑m-«‑n-s‑e I‑p-¯-Ih‑n-c‑p-²-{‑]-hÀ¯\‑w. C-S-X‑p-]-£ {‑]-Ø‑m-\-§Ä-¡‑v he‑n-b k‑z‑m-[‑o-\-a‑nÃ‑m¯ A-t‑a-c‑n-¡-b‑n-e‑m-W‑v hf-s‑c AÀ-°-h-¯‑m-b C-S-X‑p-]-£ {‑]-hÀ¯-\‑w a‑m-[‑y-a ]-c‑n-j‑vI-c-W c‑wK-¯‑v \-S-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. a‑m-[‑y-a‑w t‑^‑mÀ-¯‑v F-t‑Ì-ä‑v B-W‑v F-¶X‑v s‑I‑m-«‑n-t‑L‑m-j‑n-¡-s‑¸-t‑S-ï I‑mc‑y‑w Xs‑¶. ]t‑£‑, C‑u N‑p-a-X-e \‑nÀ-h-l‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑v a‑m-[‑y-a-Ø‑m-]-\-§Ä F-´‑v {‑]‑m-[‑m-\‑y-a‑m-W‑v \Â-I‑p¶-X‑v F-¶‑v \‑n-c´c‑w ]-c‑n-t‑i‑m-[‑n-¡‑m³ B-c‑p‑w P-\§-s‑f t‑{‑]-c‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-¶‑nÃ. A-X‑n-\‑v \a‑p-¡‑v k‑w-L-S-\-It‑f‑m Ø‑m-]-\-§t‑f‑m CÃ. a‑m-[‑y-a-]-c‑n-j‑v-I‑m-c‑w F-s‑¶‑m-c‑p t‑a-J-e t‑]‑me‑p‑w C-h‑ns‑S I‑m-W‑m-\‑nÃ. t‑I‑mÀ-¸-t‑d-j-\‑p-I-f‑mt‑W‑m A-Xà P-\-§-f‑m-t‑W‑m‑, s‑]‑m-X‑p-X‑m-e‑v-]c‑y-a‑mt‑W‑m A-Xà k‑z-I‑m-c‑y-e‑m-`-a‑m-t‑W‑m a‑m-[‑y-a-t‑a-J-e-b‑n-s‑e \-b-§f‑p‑w \-S-]-S‑n-If‑p‑w X‑o-c‑pa‑m-\‑n-t‑¡ï-X‑v F-¶-X‑m-W‑v ]-c‑n-j‑vI-cW t‑]‑m-c‑m-«-¯‑n-s‑â t‑I-{‑µ-]-c‑nK-W-\ F¶‑v {‑]-ik‑v-X a‑m-[‑y-a-N‑n-´-I\‑m-b t‑d‑m-_À-S‑v U-»‑y‑q. a-I‑vs‑N-k‑v-\‑n N‑q-ï‑n-¡‑m-«‑nb-X‑v C-h‑n-s‑S {‑]-k-à-a‑mW‑v.

tIcf {]kv A¡mZan `cW kanXn sNbÀam³: F³. ]n. cmtP{µ³ (sU]yq«n FUnäÀ, amXr`qan) sshkv sNbÀam³: sI. kn. cmPtKm]mð (aebmfat\mca, {]knUâv, sI.bp.U»yp.sP.) FIvknIyq«ohv t_mÀUv: Fw. Fkv. chn (amt\Pn§v UbdÎÀ, tIcfIuapZn), F³. cmtPjv (\yqkvFUnäÀ, am[yaw, tImgnt¡mSv), F. ^ntdmkv (UbdÎÀ, ]»nIv dntej³kv), sk{I«dn (^n\m³kv Un¸mÀ«vsaâv), sk{I«dn (P\dð AUvan\nt{Ìj³) P\dð Iu¬knð: Sn. BÀ. a[pIpamÀ (kvt]mÀSvkv FUnäÀ, tZim`nam\n, sIm¨n), C. ]n. jmPp±o³ (No^v \yqkv FUnäÀ, awKfw, tImgnt¡mSv), Fw.]n. kqcyZmkv (No^v k_v FUnäÀ, amXr`qan, tImgnt¡mSv), Fkv. _nPp (No^v tImÀUnt\än§v FUnäÀ, Gjyms\äv \yqkv, Xncph\´]pcw), kn. F³. taml\³ (amt\PÀ, tZim`nam\n, sIm¨n), _nPp hÀ¤okv (amt\Pn§v FUnäÀ, awKfw), ]n. ]n. k®n (amt\Pn§v UbdÎÀ, Zo]nI), sI. Fw. tdmbv (ko\nbÀ tPWenÌv), It¡mS³ apl½Zv, hn. F. kenw (sdknUâv amt\PÀ, am[yaw, FdWmIpfw), sP. Fkv. CµpIpamÀ (FIvknIyq«ohv FUnäÀ, Pbvlnµv Snhn), hn. cmPtKm]mð (ap³ sU]yq«n FUnäÀ, amXr`qan, tImgnt¡mSv), ]n. kpPmX³ (s]mfnän¡ð FUnäÀ, ho£Ww), t__n amXyp (amt\Pn§v UbdÎÀ & sshkv sNbÀam³, Poh³ Snhn), sNdpIc k®n eqt¡mkv (kvs]jð Idkvt]mïâv, tIcfiÐw) sk{I«dn: hn. BÀ. APnXv IpamÀ AknÌâ v sk{I«dn: F³. ]n. kt´mjv

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k®‑n-¡‑p«‑n F{‑_-l‑m‑w

k‑q£‑n-¡‑pI‑, Xe-b‑v¡‑p-a‑p-I-f‑nð Hc‑p h‑mÄ hm

À¯b‑v¡‑v Xe-s‑¡«‑v Fg‑p-X‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ {‑]t‑X‑yI‑w {‑i²‑n-¡-W-s‑a¶‑v ]{‑X-{‑]-hÀ¯\‑w ]c‑n-i‑o-e‑n-¸‑n¨ Bi‑m·‑mÀ FÃ‑m‑w ]d-ª‑n-«‑p-Å-X‑m-W‑v. k‑w`h‑w Ie-¡W‑w. h‑mb-\-¡‑ms‑c Hc‑p I‑m´‑w t‑]‑ms‑e h‑mÀ¯-b‑n-t‑eb‑v¡‑v he‑n¨‑v AS‑p-¸‑n-¡-W‑w. k‑wKX‑n s‑I‑mÅ‑m‑w. ]s‑£ \‑nb-a-k`‑m h‑mÀ¯b‑v¡‑v Xe-s‑¡«‑v Fg‑p-X‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ k‑q£‑n-¡-W‑w. As‑Ã-¦‑n Ag‑n Ft‑®ï‑n hc‑p‑w.

Hc‑p i‑oÀj-I-¯‑ns‑â t‑]c‑n-e‑mW‑v s‑Xe‑p¦‑v Z‑n\-]{‑X‑w "C‑u \‑mS‑n‑'s‑â ]{‑X‑m-[‑n-]À c‑mt‑a‑mP‑n d‑mh‑p-h‑ns‑\ B{‑Ô‑m eP‑n-t‑É-ä‑oh‑v I‑u¬k‑n s‑\t‑«‑m-«t‑a‑mS‑n-¨-X‑v. _Pä‑v NÀ¨‑m t‑hf-b‑n I‑u¬k‑n-e‑n Dï‑mb _l-fs‑¯-¸ä‑n d‑nt‑¸‑mÀ«‑vs‑N-b‑vX-t‑¸‑mÄ "a‑pX‑nÀ¶-h-c‑ps‑S _lf‑w‑' (s‑X-e‑p-¦‑n s‑]Íe Ke‑m_‑) F¶‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p Xe-s‑¡-«‑v.

D]-c‑n-k-`-Is‑f a‑pX‑nÀ¶-h-c‑ps‑S k`-s‑b-¶‑m-Wt‑Ã‑m ]d-b‑p-I. C‑u {‑]t‑b‑mK‑w k`b‑v¡‑v A]-a‑m-\-I-c-a‑m-s‑W¶‑v N‑ne A‑wK§Ä¡‑v t‑X‑m¶‑n. {‑]i‑v\‑w Ah-I‑m-i-k-a‑n-X‑nb‑v¡‑v h‑n«‑p. ] {‑X‑w s‑Xä‑p s‑Nb‑vX-X‑mb‑n ka‑nX‑n Is‑ï-¯‑n. c‑mt‑a‑mP‑n d‑mh‑ph‑ns‑\ k`-b‑n h‑nf‑n¨‑v i‑mk‑n-¡‑m³ I‑u¬k‑n X‑oc‑p-a‑m\‑n-¨‑p.

1984þ a‑mÀ¨‑v 28 \‑v‑, d‑mh‑p-h‑ns‑\ AdÌ‑p s‑Nb‑vX‑v k`-b‑n l‑mP-c‑m-¡‑m³ s‑s‑lZ-c‑m-_‑mZ‑v k‑nä‑n t‑]‑me‑ok‑v I½‑o-jWÀ¡‑v \‑nÀt‑±i‑w \ÂI‑n. d‑mh‑p k‑p{‑]‑o‑w t‑I‑mS-X‑ns‑b ka‑o]‑n-¨‑p. AdÌ‑v Ac‑pX‑v F¶‑v t‑I‑mSX‑n h‑ne-¡‑n. I‑u¬k‑n Bhs‑« AdÌ‑p h‑mdï‑v \S-¸‑m-¡-W-s‑a¶ \‑nÀt‑±-i-¯‑n Dd-¨‑p-\‑n-¶‑p. t‑]‑me‑ok‑v I½‑o-j-WÀ c‑mt‑a‑mP‑n d‑mh‑p-h‑ns‑\ t‑XS‑n-s‑b-¯‑n-s‑b-¦‑ne‑p‑w I‑qs‑S-t‑¸‑m-I‑m³ At‑±l‑w h‑nk-½X‑n-¨‑p. {‑]i‑v\‑w hj-f‑m-b-t‑¸‑mÄ k‑p{‑]‑o‑w t‑I‑mS-X‑n-b‑ps‑S d^d³k‑n\‑v h‑nS-W-s‑a¶‑v a‑pJ‑y-a{‑´‑n F³.S‑n c‑ma-d‑mh‑p c‑m{‑ã]-X‑nb‑v¡‑v Fg‑p-X‑n. cï‑v Z‑nhk‑w Ig‑nª‑v k` s‑{‑]‑mt‑d‑mK‑v s‑Nb‑vX-t‑X‑ms‑S {‑]i‑v\‑w Ah-k‑m-\‑n-¨‑p. k`-b‑ps‑S Ah-I‑mi‑w e‑wL‑n¨‑p F¶ Bb‑p-[-a‑mW‑v c‑mt‑a‑mP‑n d‑mh‑p-h‑n-s‑\-X‑ns‑c eP‑n-t‑É-ä‑oh‑v I‑u¬k‑n {‑] t‑b‑m-K‑n-¨-X‑v. ]{‑Xk‑z‑mX-{‑´‑y-¯‑n-\‑p-t‑as‑e Hc‑p Xe-a‑pS‑n \‑mc‑n X‑q§‑n¡‑n-S-¡‑p¶ h‑mf‑mW‑v Ah-I‑mi e‑wL-\-¯‑n-\‑pÅ i‑n£‑mh‑y-h-Ø. AX‑p-s‑]‑m«‑n Ig‑p-¯‑n h‑og‑m³ Ac-\‑na‑nj‑w aX‑n.

F¶‑m C´‑y-b‑n P\‑m-[‑n-]-X‑y-¯‑ns‑â AS‑n-¯d iàa‑m-b-X‑p-s‑I‑mï‑v AX‑v A§-s‑\-s‑b‑m¶‑p‑w s‑]‑m«‑m-d‑n-à F¶‑v a‑m{‑X‑w.

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cmP`cWImes¯ {_n«ojv \nba§fnð IpSp§n¡nS¡pIbmWv Cópw \½psS \nba\nÀ½mW k`IfpsS AhImi§Ä. XÕab kwt{]£W¯neqsS temIsa¼mSpw Iïp Ignª Hóv ]{X¯nð A¨Sn¡cpsXóp ]dbpó bpàncmlnXyamWv k`IÄ am[yadnt¸mÀ«pIfpambn _Ôs¸« AhImiewL\hnjb§fnð Im«póXv. iàamb P\m[n]XymSn¯dbpÅ C´ybnð Imcy§Ä Hcp ]cn[nhn«v tamiamIpónsñ¦nepw ImeL«¯n\\pkcn¨v k`mdnt¸mÀ«n§nsâ N«§Ä ]cnjvIcn¡Wsaóv ]dbpóp ZoÀLImew \nbak`mdnt¸mÀ«dpw apXnÀó ]{X{]hÀ¯I\pamb teJI³.

\‑nba \‑nÀ½‑mW k`-IÄ¡‑p‑w A‑wK-§Ä¡‑p‑w k`‑m ka‑n-X‑n-IÄ¡‑p‑w `c-W-LS\ N‑ne {‑]t‑X‑yI Ah-I‑m-i§f‑p‑w k‑wc-£-W-§f‑p‑w h‑yhØ s‑N¿‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v. ]‑mÀes‑aâ‑n\‑v `c-W-L-S-\-b‑ps‑S 105þ‑m‑w A\‑p-t‑Ñ-Zh‑p‑w \‑nb-ak-`-IÄ¡‑v 194þ‑m‑w A\‑p-t‑Ñ-Zh‑p‑w A\‑p-k-c‑n-¨‑mW‑v CX‑v e`‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. C´‑y-b‑ns‑e FÃ‑m ]‑uc-·‑mc‑p‑w X‑pe‑y-c‑m-s‑W¶‑v A‑wK‑o-I-c‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑mï‑v Xs‑¶ \‑nb-a-\‑nÀ½‑mW k`-I-f‑ps‑S k‑z‑mX-{‑´‑yh‑p‑w A[‑n-I‑m-ch‑p‑w A´Ê‑p‑w ]c‑n-c-£‑n-¡‑m-\‑mW‑v C‑u h‑yh-Ø-IÄ. k`-I-f‑ne‑p‑w A‑wK-§-f‑ne‑p‑w \‑n£‑n-]‑vX-a‑mb‑n-c‑n-¡‑p¶ D¯-c-h‑m-Z‑n-X‑z-§Ä \‑nÀÆ-l‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑n\‑v Ahs‑c kl‑m-b‑n-¡‑m³ F¶ \‑y‑mb‑w.

C‑u Ah-I‑m-i-§Ä Bc‑p‑w e‑wL‑n-¡‑m³ ]‑mS‑n-Ã. k`-b‑ps‑St‑b‑m A‑wK-§-f‑p-s‑St‑b‑m k`‑m ka‑n-X‑n-I-f‑p-s‑St‑b‑m A´Ê‑v CS‑n-¡‑p¶ Hc‑p {‑]hÀ¯‑n-b‑p‑w A-c‑p-X‑v. ad‑n-¨‑m-b‑m k`b‑v¡‑v I‑pä-¡‑ms‑c i‑n£‑n-¡‑m‑w.

CX‑v \‑nb-a-\‑nÀ½‑mW \S-]-S‑n-IÄ d‑nt‑¸‑mÀ«‑v s‑N¿‑p¶ ] {‑X-t‑eJ-IÄ¡‑p‑w _‑m[-I-a‑m-W‑v. k‑q£‑n-¡-W‑w‑, e£‑vaW t‑cJ-IÄ ad‑n-I-S-¡-c‑p-X‑v.

C´‑y-b‑n ]{‑X-k‑z‑m-X{‑´‑y‑w F¶ k¦Â¸‑w Xs‑¶ Hc‑p a‑nY‑y-b‑m-W‑v. H‑mt‑c‑m ]‑uc\‑p‑w k‑wk‑m-c-k‑z‑m-X{‑´‑y‑w Dd-¸‑p-\ ÂI‑p¶ 19 (1‑) (F‑) hI‑p-¸‑ns‑â Z‑pÀº-e-a‑mb AS‑n-¯-d-b‑ne‑mW‑v ]{‑X-k‑z‑m-X{‑´‑y‑w F¶ t‑I‑m« s‑I«‑n-s‑¸‑m-¡‑n-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p¶-X‑v. AX‑p-t‑]‑ms‑e 316 (-F‑) A\‑p-t‑ÑZ‑w A\‑p-k-c‑n¨‑p‑w ]‑mÀe-s‑aâ‑v s‑{‑]‑mk‑o-U‑n‑wK‑vk‑v (s‑{‑]‑m-«-£³ H‑m^‑v ]»‑n-t‑¡j³‑) BÎ‑v 1977 {‑]I‑m-ch‑p‑w \‑nb-a-\‑nÀ½‑mWk` \S-]S‑n-IÄ d‑nt‑¸‑mÀ«‑v s‑N¿‑m³ k‑z‑mX{‑´‑y‑w Ds‑ï-¦‑ne‑p‑w AX‑v ]‑qÀ®-a-Ã. t‑k‑m]‑m[‑n-I-a‑m-W‑v. k‑m[‑m-c-W-K-X‑n-b‑n k`‑m-\-S-]-S‑n-IÄ {‑]k‑n-²‑o-I-c‑n¡‑p-¶-X‑n\‑p‑w k‑wt‑{‑]-£W‑w s‑N¿‑p-¶-X‑n\‑p‑w b‑ms‑X‑mc‑p \‑nb-{‑´-Wt‑a‑m XS-Êt‑a‑m CÃ. F¶‑m k`‑m-\-S-]-S‑n-If‑ps‑S d‑nt‑¸‑mÀ«‑n‑wK‑v \‑nb-{‑´‑n-¡‑m-t‑\‑m \‑nt‑c‑m-[‑n-¡‑mt‑\‑m DÅ ]‑qÀ® A[‑n-I‑mc‑w s‑s‑I¿‑n s‑h¨‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑mW‑v k`-IÄ C‑u k‑z‑mX{‑´‑y‑w A\‑p-h-Z‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. \‑nt‑c‑m-[-\t‑a‑m \‑nb{‑´-Wt‑a‑m e‑wL‑n-¨‑m i‑n£‑m-h‑n-t‑[-b-\‑m-h‑p-Ib‑p‑w s‑N¿‑p‑w. k`‑m \S-]-S‑n-IÄ s‑Xä‑mt‑b‑m hf-s‑¨‑m-S‑nt‑¨‑m {‑]k‑n-²‑o-I-c‑n¡‑m³ ]‑mS‑n-Ã. h‑nt‑Z‑z-j-t‑¯‑m-s‑S-b‑pÅ d‑nt‑¸‑mÀ«‑v Ac‑p-X‑v. k`s‑bt‑b‑m k`‑m‑w-K-§-s‑ft‑b‑m A]-I‑oÀ¯‑n-s‑¸-S‑p-¯-c‑p-X‑v. Hc‑p k`‑m ka‑n-X‑n-b‑ps‑S \S-]-S‑n-It‑f‑m Ah‑ns‑S hc‑p¶ t‑cJ-It‑f‑m s‑Xf‑nt‑h‑m ka‑nX‑n d‑nt‑¸‑mÀt‑«‑m Ah k`-b‑ps‑S t‑ai-¸‑p-d¯‑v hb‑v¡‑p-¶-X‑n\‑v a‑p³]‑v {‑]k‑n-²‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑p-¶X‑v I‑pä-I-c-a‑m-W‑v.

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"C‑u \‑mSv‑' ]{‑X‑m-[‑n-]À c‑mt‑a‑mP‑n d‑mh‑p G{]nð þ sabv 2013

k‑v]‑o¡À t‑cJ-I-f‑n \‑n¶‑v \‑o¡‑nb `‑mK-§Ä d‑nt‑¸‑mÀ«‑v s‑N¿‑m³ ]‑mS‑n-Ã. Hc‑w-K-¯‑ns‑â {‑]k‑wK‑w t‑_‑m[-]‑qÀÆ‑w Xak‑vI-c‑n-¡-c‑p-X‑v.

Hs‑¡ -i-c‑n- Xs‑¶. A`‑n-{‑]‑m-b- h‑y-X‑y‑m-kh‑pa‑nÃ. F¶‑m Hc‑p d‑nt‑¸‑mÀ«‑v‑, AX‑n D]-t‑b‑m-K‑n-¡‑p¶ h‑m¡‑p-IÄ‑, Xes‑¡«‑v Ch-s‑b‑ms‑¡ k`b‑v¡‑v/A‑wK-§Ä¡‑v/k`‑m-ka‑nX‑nb‑v¡‑v A]-I‑oÀ¯-I-c-a‑m-s‑Wt‑¶‑m Ah-c‑ps‑S Ah-I‑m-i§-f‑ps‑S e‑wL-\-a‑m-s‑Wt‑¶‑m k`‑m Ae-£‑y-a‑m-s‑Wt‑¶‑m X‑oc‑p-a‑m-\‑n-¡‑p-¶X‑v Bc‑mW‑v? k` Xs‑¶. I‑pä‑w Is‑ï-¯‑p¶X‑p‑w I‑pä-]{‑X‑w X¿‑m-d‑m-¡‑p-¶X‑p‑w At‑\‑z-jW‑w \S-¯‑p¶X‑p‑w h‑nk‑vX-c‑n-¡‑p-¶X‑p‑w h‑n[‑n ]d-b‑p-¶-X‑p‑w FÃ‑m‑w k`. {‑]X‑n-Ø‑m-\-¯‑pÅ Bf‑p-I-f‑ps‑S `‑mK‑w t‑IÄ¡‑ms‑X Xs‑¶ X‑oc‑p-a‑m-\-¯‑n-s‑e-¯‑m³ k`b‑v¡‑v A[‑n-I‑m-c-a‑p-ï‑v. i‑n£‑n¡‑m-\‑pÅ A[‑n-I‑m-cs‑¯ ]‑mÀe-s‑aâd‑n Ah-I‑m-i-§-f‑ps‑S a‑qe-¡Ã‑v F¶‑mW‑v h‑yh-l-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. AX‑n-s‑Ã-¦‑n k`b‑ps‑S Ah-I‑m-i-§Ä FÃ‑m‑w XI‑nS‑w ad‑n-b‑p‑w. t‑I‑mS-X‑n-IÄ CX‑v A‑wK‑o-I-c‑n-¨‑n-«‑pa‑pï‑v.

2003 \h‑w-_À 7 \‑v s‑s‑hI‑n«‑v 5.30 \‑v Xa‑ng‑v\‑mS‑v \‑nb-ak-`-b‑nÂ‑, Pb-e-f‑nX a{‑´‑n-k-`-b‑ns‑e [\-a{‑´‑n I‑qS‑n-b‑mb k`‑m t‑\X‑mh‑v k‑n.-s‑]‑m-¶‑n-b³ \S-¯‑nb h‑n[‑n {‑]J‑y‑m-]\‑w t‑a¸-dª k`‑m Ah-I‑mih‑yh-Øb‑v¡‑v ]‑n¶‑n Hf‑n-¨‑nc‑n¡‑p¶ A]-IS‑w h‑yà-a‑m-¡‑p¶X‑mW‑v.

"Z‑v l‑nµ‑p‑' Z‑n\-]{‑X-¯‑ns‑â a‑mt‑\-P‑n‑wK‑v Ub-d-ÎÀ¡‑p‑w FU‑n-äÀ AS¡‑w \‑me‑v ]{‑X-{‑]-hÀ¯-IÀ¡‑p‑w FX‑n-c‑mb Ah-I‑mi e‑wL\ t‑Ik‑n k`-b‑ps‑S {‑]‑nh‑n-t‑eP‑v I½‑nä‑n-b‑ps‑S X‑oc‑p-a‑m\‑w Ad‑n-b‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p [\-a-{‑´‑n.

I‑pä‑m-t‑c‑m-]‑n-XÀ k`-b‑ps‑S Ah-I‑mi‑w e‑wL‑n-s‑¨¶‑v ka‑nX‑n Is‑ï-¯‑n-b-X‑mb‑n At‑±l‑w {‑]J‑y‑m-]‑n-¨‑p. ChÀ¡‑v ]X‑n\©‑v Z‑nh-ks‑¯ s‑hd‑p‑w XSh‑p‑w i‑n£b‑p‑w \ÂI‑n.

C´‑y³ ]{‑X-k-a‑q-ls‑¯ H¶‑ms‑I s‑R«‑n¨ X‑oc‑p-a‑m\-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p Xa‑n-g‑v\‑mS‑v \‑nb-a-k-`-b‑p-t‑S-X‑v. ]{‑X-¯‑ns‑â a‑mt‑\-P‑n‑wK‑v Ub-d-Îd‑p‑w ]»‑n-j-d‑p-a‑mb Fk‑v. c‑wK-c‑m-P³‑, FU‑n-äÀ F³.-c-h‑n‑, FI‑vk‑n-I‑y‑p«‑oh‑v FU‑n-äÀ a‑me‑n\‑n ]‑mÀ°-k‑m-c-Y‑n‑, At‑k‑m-k‑n-t‑bä‑v FU‑n-äd‑p‑w Xa‑n-g‑v\‑mS‑v _‑y‑qt‑d‑m N‑o^‑p-a‑mb h‑n.-P-b-´‑v, k‑vs‑]j‑y Id-k‑vt‑]‑m-ïâ‑v c‑m[‑m s‑h¦‑n-t‑S-i³ F¶‑n-h-s‑c-b‑mW‑v i‑n£‑n-¨-X‑v. U‑n.-F‑w.s‑I. ]{‑X-a‑mb "a‑pc-s‑i‑me‑n‑' ]{‑X‑m-[‑n-]À Fk‑v. s‑kÂh\‑p‑w i‑n£ I‑n«‑n. B hÀj‑w G{‑]‑n 12‑,13‑,23 X‑ob-X‑n-I-f‑n "Z‑v l‑nµ‑p‑' Z‑n\-]-{‑X-¯‑n k`‑m-\-S-]-S‑n-IÄ k‑w-_-Ô‑n¨‑p h¶ a‑q¶‑v d‑nt‑¸‑mÀ«‑p-I-f‑p-s‑Sb‑p‑w Ah-b‑ps‑S AS‑n-Ø‑m-\-¯‑n 25 \‑v {‑]k‑n-²‑o-I-c‑n¨ a‑pJ-{‑]-k‑w-K-¯‑n-s‑âb‑p‑w t‑]c‑n-e‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p i‑n£. "Z‑v l‑nµ‑p' a‑pJ-{‑]-k‑wK‑w XÀÖ‑na s‑Nb‑vX‑v ]‑p\‑x-{‑]k‑n-²‑o-I-c‑n-¨-X‑n-\‑mW‑v s‑kÂhs‑\ i‑n£‑n-¨-X‑v.

N‑ne {‑]X‑n-]-£‑m‑w-K-§s‑f k`-b‑n \‑n¶‑v ]‑pd-¯‑m-¡‑n-bX‑p-a‑mb‑n _Ô-s‑¸«‑v a‑pJ‑y-a{‑´‑n Pb-e-f‑n-X-b‑ps‑S {‑]hÀ¯‑nIs‑f-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑pÅ ]c‑m-aÀi-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p "Z‑v l‑nµ‑p‑' d‑nt‑¸‑mÀ«‑pI-f‑nÂ. a‑pJ‑y-a-{‑´‑ns‑b "t‑{‑I‑m[‑w ]‑qï Pb-e-f‑nX‑' F¶‑v h‑nt‑i-j‑n-¸‑n-¨X‑p‑w Ah-c‑ps‑S \S-]-S‑n-Is‑f h‑nh-c‑n-¡‑m³ "] c‑p-j-a‑mb‑' F¶ ]Z-{‑]-t‑b‑mK‑w \S-¯‑n-bX‑p‑w a‑pJ‑y-a{‑´‑n {‑] X‑n-]-£s‑¯ "{‑]l-c‑n¨‑p‑', "A[‑n-t‑£-]‑n¨‑p' Fs‑¶‑ms‑¡ ]dªX‑p‑w k`‑m‑wK‑w F¶ \‑ne-b‑n Pb-e-f‑n-X-b‑ps‑S Ah-I‑mi-§s‑f e‑wL‑n-¡‑p¶X‑p‑w C‑u d‑nt‑¸‑mÀ«‑p-I-f‑ps‑S AS‑nØ‑m-\¯‑n Fg‑p-X‑nb‑, "hÀ²‑n-¨‑p- h-c‑p¶ Ak-l‑n-j‑vW‑pX‑' F¶ a‑pJ {‑]k‑wK‑w k`-b‑ps‑S A´Ê‑v CS‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑p-a‑m-s‑W-¶‑mb‑n-c‑p¶‑p ]c‑m-X‑n. k‑v]‑o¡À I‑mf‑n-a‑p-¯‑p l‑nµ‑p-h‑n-s‑\-X‑ns‑c k‑zt‑a-[b‑m \S-]S‑n k‑z‑oI-c‑n¨‑v AhI‑mi ka‑n-X‑nbv¡‑v h‑n«‑p. ka‑n-X‑nb‑ps‑S X‑oc‑p-a‑m-\-a‑mW‑v s‑]‑m¶‑n-b³ k`-b‑n {‑]J‑y‑m-]‑n¨X‑v.

Bt‑c‑m-]W h‑nt‑[-bÀ¡‑v ]d-b‑m-\‑p-ÅX‑v t‑IÄ¡‑p-I-t‑]‑me‑p‑w s‑N¿‑m-s‑X-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p i‑n£‑mh‑n-[‑n.

(9) \‑nb-a-k-`-b‑n {‑]J‑y‑m-]\‑w Dï‑m-b- Z‑n-hk‑w s‑s‑hI‑n«‑v cï‑v XhW t‑]‑me‑ok‑v k‑wL‑w "Z‑v l‑nµ‑p' h‑ns‑â s‑Ns‑s‑¶b‑ns‑e H‑m^‑o-k‑n "{‑]X‑n-‑'Is‑f AdÌ‑p s‑N¿‑m³ ] c‑n-t‑i‑m-[\ \S-¯‑n. Ah-c‑ps‑S h‑oS‑p-I-f‑n-e‑p-s‑a-¯‑n. Is‑ï¯‑m-\‑m-b‑n-Ã. ]‑nt‑ä¶‑v _‑wK-f‑p-c‑p-h‑n-t‑eb‑v¡‑p‑w UÂl‑n-b‑nt‑eb‑v¡‑p‑w At‑\‑z-jW‑w h‑y‑m]‑n-¸‑n-¨‑p. c‑mP‑y‑w F§‑p‑w {‑] X‑n-t‑j[‑w DbÀ¶‑p. t‑I{‑µ-kÀ¡‑mÀ ]{‑X H‑m^‑o-k‑n\‑v t‑I{‑µ h‑yh-k‑mb k‑pc-£‑m-t‑k-\-b‑ps‑S k‑wc-£W‑w \ ÂI‑m³ X¿‑m-d‑m-b‑n. "l‑nµ‑p‑' k‑p{‑]‑o‑w t‑I‑mS-X‑ns‑b ka‑o-]‑n¨‑p. t‑I‑mSX‑n \‑nb-a-k-`-b‑ps‑S \S-]S‑n t‑Ì s‑Nb‑vX‑p. ]‑n¶‑oS‑v s‑]‑mX‑p-P-\‑m-`‑n-{‑]‑mb‑w `b¶‑v kÀ¡‑mÀ Xs‑¶ i‑n£‑m \S-] S‑n t‑hs‑ï¶‑v hb‑v¡‑p-I-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. {‑]k‑n-²‑o-I-c‑n¨ d‑nt‑¸‑mÀ«‑p-I-f‑ps‑S t‑]c‑n-e‑mW‑v "Z‑v l‑nµ‑p‑' ]{‑X-¯‑n-s‑\-X‑ns‑c \S-]S‑n k‑z‑oI-c‑n-¨-X‑v. F¶‑m \S-]S‑n X‑oc‑p-a‑m-\‑n¡‑p‑w a‑pt‑¼ I‑pä‑m-t‑c‑m-]‑n-X-\‑mb ]{‑X-{‑]-hÀ¯Is‑â k‑m¶‑n[‑y‑w h‑nN‑m-c-W-t‑h-f-b‑n k`-b‑n Dd-¸‑m-¡‑m³ At‑±-ls‑¯ Ad-Ì‑p -s‑N-¿‑m³ hs‑c k`-IÄ¡‑v- A-h-I‑m-ia‑p-ï‑v. "»‑nävkv' h‑mÀ¯‑m h‑mc‑n-I-b‑ps‑S BI‑vä‑n‑wK‑v FU‑n-äd‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶ t‑l‑ma‑n U‑n a‑nk‑v{‑S‑n C‑u \‑nba‑w A\‑p-k-c‑n¨‑v X‑pd‑p-¦‑n-e-S-b‑v¡-s‑¸« ]{‑X-{‑]-hÀ¯-I-\‑m-W‑v. k‑v]‑o¡-d‑ps‑S \‑n£‑v]-£‑vXs‑b t‑N‑mZ‑y‑w s‑N¿‑p¶ t‑eJ\‑w {‑]k‑n-²‑o-I-c‑n¨-X‑n-s‑â -t‑]-c‑n U‑n a‑nk‑v{‑S‑n-s‑¡-X‑ns‑c b‑p.-]‑n. h‑n[‑m³ k` \S-]S‑n FS‑p-¯‑p. 1952þ BW‑v. a‑mÀ¨‑v 11 \‑v h‑n[‑m³ k`‑m k‑v]‑o¡À h‑md-ï-b-¨‑p. U‑n a‑nk‑v{‑S‑ns‑b Ad-Ì‑p-s‑N-b‑vX‑p.

18þ‑m‑w X‑obX‑n hs‑c XS-h‑n h¨‑p. `‑mc‑y \ÂI‑nb t‑l_‑nbk‑v t‑I‑mÀ¸k‑v lÀP‑n-b‑ps‑S AS‑n-Ø‑m-\-¯‑n ]{‑X‑m-[‑n-] s‑c t‑a‑mN‑n-¸‑n-¨‑p. ]{‑X-k‑z‑m-X{‑´‑y‑w DbÀ¯‑n-¸‑n-S‑n-¨‑p- s‑I‑m-ï‑mb‑n-c‑p-¶‑nà t‑I‑mSX‑n \S]S‑n. AdÌ‑v s‑Nb‑vX‑v 24 aW‑n-¡‑q-d‑n\I‑w t‑I‑mSX‑nb‑n l‑mP-c‑m-¡‑m-X‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑ns‑â t‑]c‑n-e‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p. \‑nba h‑nc‑p-²-a‑mb Ad-Ì‑n\‑v \ã-]-c‑n-l‑mc‑w t‑N‑mZ‑n¨‑v t‑l‑ma‑n U‑n a‑nk‑v{‑S‑n t‑_‑m‑ws‑s‑_ s‑s‑lt‑¡‑m-S-X‑ns‑b ka‑o-]‑ns‑¨-¦‑ne‑p‑w X‑oc‑p-a‑m\‑w A\‑p-I‑q-e-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-Ã. t‑cJ-b‑n \‑n¶‑v \‑o¡‑nb `‑mK-§Ä {‑]k‑n-²‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑p¶X‑p‑w Ah-I‑m-i-e‑w-L-\-a‑m-W‑v. Gs‑X-¦‑ne‑p‑w ]c‑m-aÀi\-§Ä t‑cJ-b‑nÂ\‑n¶‑v Hg‑n-h‑m-¡‑n-b‑n-«‑p-s‑ï-¦‑n AX‑v Ad‑nª‑v d‑nt‑¸‑mÀ«‑n hc‑ms‑X k‑q£‑n-t‑¡-ïX‑v t‑eJ-Is‑â D¯-c-h‑m-Z‑n-X‑z-a‑m-W‑v. XÀ¡-`‑m-K-§Ä k‑v]‑o¡À¡‑v k‑zt‑a[b‑m \‑o-¡‑m‑w; as‑ä‑m-c‑w-K-¯‑ns‑â Bh-i‑y-{‑]-I‑m-c-h‑p-a‑m-I‑m‑w. ]e-t‑¸‑mg‑p‑w N‑ne \S-]-S‑n-IÄ t‑cJ-b‑n \‑n¶‑v Hg‑n-h‑m-¡W-s‑a¶ Bhi‑y‑w Dï‑m-b‑m At‑¸‑mÄ Xs‑¶ X‑oc‑p-a‑m\-a‑p-ï‑m-h-W-s‑a-¶‑n-Ã. ]‑n¶‑o-s‑S-t‑¸‑m-s‑g-¦‑n-e‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p‑w.

Bhi‑y‑w DbÀ¶-t‑¸‑mÄ k`-b‑n-e‑p-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶ t‑eJ-I³ X‑oc‑p-a‑m-\-k-a-b¯‑v l‑mP-c‑m-b‑n-c‑n-¡-W-s‑a-¶‑p-a‑n-Ã. F¦‑ne‑p‑w A§s‑\ Hg‑n-h‑m-¡-s‑¸-S‑p¶ `‑mK-§Ä d‑nt‑¸‑mÀ«‑n hc‑ms‑X t‑\‑mt‑¡ï _‑m[‑yX t‑eJ-I-t‑â-X‑m-W‑v. k`‑m \S-]-S‑n-IÄ XÂk-ab‑w k‑wt‑{‑]-£W‑w s‑N¿‑p¶ I‑me-a‑m-W‑n-X‑v. k`-b‑n D¨-c‑n-¡-s‑¸-S‑p¶ H‑mt‑c‑m h‑m¡‑p‑w A¸-t‑¸‑mÄ t‑{‑]£-I-c‑n F¯‑p¶ k‑ml-N-c‑y-¯‑n ]‑n¶‑oS‑v t‑cJ-b‑n \‑n¶‑v Hg‑n-h‑m-¡‑p¶ `‑mK-§Ä ]{‑X-§f‑n hc‑m³ ]‑mS‑nà F¶‑v iT‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑ns‑â AÀ°h‑p‑w b‑pà‑nb‑p‑w a\-Ê‑n-e‑m-h‑m-¯-X‑m-W‑v.

AXX‑v k`-I-f‑ps‑S a‑n\‑n ]X‑n-¸‑p-I-f‑m-b‑mW‑v k`‑m ka‑nX‑n-IÄ Ad‑n-b-s‑¸-S‑p-¶-X‑v. k` I½‑n-ä‑n-I-f‑n-e‑qs‑S {‑]hÀ¯‑n¡‑p¶‑p F¶-X‑mW‑v b‑mY‑mÀ°‑y‑w. ]s‑£ ka‑nX‑n \S-]S‑n-IÄ d‑nt‑¸‑mÀ«‑v s‑N¿‑m³ a‑m[‑y-a-§Ä¡‑v Ah-I‑m-i-a‑n-Ã. a‑m[‑y-a-{‑]-hÀ¯-IÀ B `‑mK-t‑¯b‑v¡‑v IS-¡‑m³ t‑]‑me‑p‑w ]‑mS‑n-Ã. ka‑nX‑n d‑nt‑¸‑mÀ«‑p-IÄ k`-b‑n h¨‑m a‑m{‑Xs‑a AX‑v {‑]k‑n-²‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑m-\‑m-h‑q. Ad‑n-b‑m-\‑p-Å- A-h-I‑mi‑w \‑nb-a-]-c-a‑m-¡‑n-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p¶ C¡‑m-e¯‑v k`‑m ka‑n-X‑n-I-f‑ps‑S

"Z‑v l‑nµ‑p‑' ]{‑X‑m-[‑n-]À F³.-c-h‑n‑

G{]nð þ sabv 2013

(10) k`‑m‑w-K-§Ä¡‑v Ad-Ì‑n \‑n¶‑v ]c‑n-c-£b‑v¡‑p-Å- A-h-I‑mi‑w t‑\‑m¡‑p-I. k` X‑pS-§‑p-¶X‑n\‑v 40 Z‑nhk‑w a‑p¼‑p‑w k` X‑oÀ¶‑v 40 Z‑nhk‑w Ig‑nb‑p‑w a‑p¼‑p‑w AdÌ‑v Ac‑p-X‑v. C‑u 40 Z‑nh-k¯‑n-s‑â -I-W¡‑v ck-I-c-a‑m-W‑v. {‑_«‑oj‑v c‑mP‑mh‑n\‑v A\-`‑n-a-Xc‑mb ]‑mÀe-s‑aâ‑v A‑wK-§-f‑ps‑S k‑m¶‑n[‑y‑w t‑I‑ma¬k‑v k`-b‑n Hg‑n-h‑m-¡‑m³ Ahs‑c AdÌ‑p s‑Nb‑vX‑v Pb‑n-e‑n-e-S-b‑v¡‑p¶ X{‑´‑w ]ï‑v C‑w¥-ï‑n-e‑p-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. AX‑v Hg‑nh‑m-¡‑m-\‑mW‑v C‑u h‑yhØ s‑I‑mï‑p-h-¶-X‑v. c‑mP‑y-¯‑ns‑â h‑nZ‑q-c-Ø-e-§-f‑n \‑n¶‑v I‑pX‑n-c-¸‑pd¯‑v eï-\‑n F¯‑m³ t‑hï‑n-b‑pÅ kab‑w IW-¡‑m-¡‑n-b‑mW‑v 40 Z‑nhk‑w F¶‑v \‑nP-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑nb-X‑v. k`-b‑n F¯‑m³ 40 aW‑n-¡‑q-d‑p-t‑]‑me‑p‑w t‑hï‑m¯ C¶‑p‑w C‑u I‑og‑vh-g¡‑w \‑ne-\‑n¡‑p¶‑p‑, C´‑y-b‑n-e‑p‑w. {‑]hÀ¯\‑w Cc‑p¼‑p ad s‑I«‑n I‑mW‑m-a-d-b¯‑v Hf‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-¶X‑ns‑â AÀ°‑w F´‑m-W‑v? ka‑n-X‑n-I-f‑n F´‑v \S-¡‑p¶‑p F¶X‑v a‑m[‑y-a-§-f‑n-e‑qs‑S ]‑pd-¯‑p-h-¶‑m GX‑v k`‑m AhI‑m-i-a‑mW‑v CÃ‑m-X‑m-h‑p-I? k`‑m‑w-K-§Ä¡‑v \ÂI‑p¶ {‑]t‑X‑yI ]c‑n-c£ a‑ue‑nI‑mh-I‑m-i-§-f‑n {‑][‑m-\-a‑mb X‑pe‑y‑m-h-I‑m-i-¯‑ns‑â e‑wL-\a‑mb‑n ]c‑n-W-a‑n-¡‑m-d‑p-ï‑v. AX‑ns‑â h‑y‑mJ‑y‑m-\-§Ä XÀ¡ h‑nj-b-h‑pa‑m-W‑v. t‑I‑mSX‑n CS-s‑]-S-e‑p-If‑p‑w Dï‑m-b‑n-«‑p-ï‑v.

1964 a‑mÀ¨‑n D¯-c-{‑]-t‑Zi‑v \‑nb-a-k` t‑Iih‑v k‑n‑wK‑v F¶-b‑m-f‑ns‑\X‑ns‑c FS‑p¯ \S-]-S‑nb‑p‑w X‑pSÀ¶‑p-ï‑mb t‑I‑mSX‑n CS-s‑]-Se‑p‑w CX‑n\‑v DZ‑m-l-c-W-a‑m-W‑v. t‑Iih‑v k‑n‑wK‑v {‑]k‑n-²‑o-I-c‑n¨ eL‑pt‑eJ b‑p.-]‑n. \‑nb-a-k-`-b‑ns‑e Hc‑p A‑wK¯‑n\‑v Bt‑£-]-I-c-a‑mW‑v F¶-X‑ns‑â AS‑n-Ø‑m\-¯‑n k` k‑n§‑ns‑\ Hc‑m-g‑vNs‑¯ XS-h‑n\‑v i‑n£‑n-¨‑p. k`-b‑ps‑Sb‑p‑w A‑wK-¯‑ns‑â Ah-I‑mi‑w e‑wL‑n¨‑p F¶‑v ]d-ª‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p i‑n£. t‑Iih‑v k‑n§‑v Ae-l-_‑mZ‑v s‑s‑lt‑¡‑m-S-X‑n-b‑ps‑S eI‑v\‑u _©‑ns‑\ ka‑o-]‑n-¨‑p. Xs‑â a‑ue‑n-I‑m-h-I‑mi‑w e‑wL‑n-¡-s‑¸-«‑n-c‑n-¡‑p¶‑p F¶‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p At‑±l¯‑ns‑â h‑mZ‑w. cï‑wK _©‑v t‑Iih‑v k‑n§‑n\‑v P‑ma‑y‑w A\‑p-h-Z‑n-¨‑p. \‑nb-a-k` h‑n«‑n-Ã. t‑Iih‑v k‑n§‑p‑w At‑±-l-¯‑ns‑â A`‑n-`‑m-j-Ic‑p‑w P‑ma‑y‑w \ÂI‑nb cï‑v s‑s‑lt‑¡‑m-SX‑n PU‑vP‑n-a‑mc‑p‑w k`-t‑b‑mS‑v Ah-t‑l-f\‑w I‑m«‑n F¶‑v ]dª‑v Chs‑c AdÌ‑p s‑Nb‑vX‑v k`-b‑n l‑mPc‑m-¡‑m³ D¯-c-h‑m-b‑n. FX‑nÀ I£‑n-IÄ Ae-l-_‑mZ‑v s‑s‑lt‑¡‑m-S-X‑ns‑b ka‑o-]‑n-¨‑p. \‑nb-a-k`‑m X‑oc‑p-a‑m\‑w s‑s‑lt‑¡‑m-SX‑n t‑Ì s‑Nb‑vX‑p. \‑nb-a-\‑nÀ½‑mW k`b‑p‑w t‑I‑mS-X‑nb‑p‑w X½‑n-e‑pÅ k‑wLÀj‑w C{‑X-Iï‑v c‑q£-a‑mb-t‑¸‑mÄ c‑m{‑ã-]-X‑nb‑v¡‑v CS-s‑]-t‑Sï‑n h¶‑p. At‑±l‑w {‑]i‑v\‑w k‑p{‑]‑o‑w-t‑I‑m-S-X‑n-b‑ps‑S d^-d³k‑n\‑v h‑n«‑p. N‑o^‑v PÌ‑ok‑v ]‑n.-_‑n. Kt‑P{‑µ K‑mU‑vI-d‑ps‑S t‑\X‑r-X‑z-¯‑n-e‑pÅ Gg‑v A‑wK s‑_©‑v AX‑v ]c‑n-K-W‑n-¨‑p. t‑I‑mSX‑n h‑n[‑n Nc‑n-{‑X-{‑]-[‑m-\-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. `c-W-L-S-\b‑n t‑Ìä‑v F¶‑p-]-d-b‑p-¶-X‑n k‑wØ‑m\ \‑nb-a-k-`-If‑p‑w DÄs‑¸-S‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑m `c-W-L-S-\-b‑ps‑S 226(1‑) A\‑p-t‑Ñ-Z-{‑]I‑mc‑w t‑I‑mS-X‑nb‑v¡‑v e`‑n-¨‑n-«‑pÅ A[‑n-I‑m-c-§Ä k‑wØ‑m\ \‑nb-a-k-`-IÄ¡‑p-t‑\-s‑cb‑p‑w {‑]t‑b‑m-K‑n-¡‑m-s‑a¶‑v t‑I‑mSX‑n h‑yà-a‑m-¡‑n. \‑nbak`-IÄ¡‑p‑w A‑wK-§Ä¡‑p‑w {‑]t‑X‑yI Ah-I‑m-i-§f‑p‑w ]c‑n-c-£b‑p‑w Dd-¸‑m-¡‑p¶ 194(3‑)‑m‑w A\‑pt‑ÑZ‑w h‑y‑mJ‑y‑m-\‑n-¡‑m³ P‑pU‑o-j‑y-d‑n¡‑v ]‑qÀ® A[‑n-I‑mc-a‑pï‑v F¶‑v \‑nc‑o-£‑n¨ t‑I‑mSX‑n i‑n£ h‑n[‑n-¡‑m-\‑pÅ G{]nð þ sabv 2013

eP‑n-t‑É-¨-d‑ns‑â A[‑n-I‑mc‑w AX‑oh P‑m{‑K-X-t‑b‑ms‑S t‑hW‑w D]-t‑b‑m-K‑n-¡‑m³ F¶‑p‑w ]d-ª‑p. B {‑]t‑X‑yI Ah-I‑mi-§Ä k‑w-_-Ô‑n¨ A´‑na h‑n[‑n-IÀ¯‑m-¡Ä \‑nb-a\‑nÀ½‑mW k`-IÄ AÃ. `c-W-L-S-\-b‑v¡‑mW‑v ]c-a‑m-[‑n-I‑m-cs‑a¶‑p‑w k‑p{‑]‑o‑w t‑I‑mSX‑n H‑mÀ½‑n-¸‑n-¨‑p. k`‑m Ah-I‑mi‑w k‑w_-\‑v[‑n¨ I‑mg‑vN-¸‑m-S‑p-I-f‑n a‑mä‑w ht‑c-ï-X‑mW‑v. ]eX‑p‑w I‑me-l-c-W-s‑¸«Xt‑Ã-s‑b¶‑v N‑n´‑n-¨‑p-X‑p-S-t‑§-ïX‑v eP‑n-t‑É-¨À Xs‑¶-b‑m-W‑v. \‑nb-a\‑nÀ½‑mW k`-I-t‑f‑mS‑v D¯-c-h‑m-Z‑n-X‑z-a‑n-Ã‑m¯ FI‑vk‑n-I‑y‑q«‑o-h‑n \‑n¶‑v k`b‑v¡‑p‑w k`‑m‑w-K-§Ä¡‑p‑w k‑wc-£W‑w t‑hï‑n-b‑n-c‑p¶ I‑me¯‑v Dï‑m-¡‑nb h‑yh-Ø-IÄ C¶‑v At‑X ]S‑n \‑ne-\‑nÀt‑¯-ï-X‑p-t‑ï‑m? k`‑m‑w-K-§Ä¡‑v AdÌ‑n \‑n¶‑v ]c‑n-c-£-b‑v¡‑p-Å- A-h-I‑mi‑w t‑\‑m¡‑p-I. k` \S-¶‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑n-c‑ns‑¡ A‑wKs‑¯ k‑nh‑n t‑Ik‑n AdÌ‑p s‑N¿‑m³ ]‑mS‑nà F¶‑mW‑v h‑yh-Ø. k` X‑pS-§‑p-¶-X‑n\‑v 40 Z‑nhk‑w a‑p¼‑p‑w k` X‑oÀ¶‑v 40 Z‑nhk‑w Ig‑nb‑p‑w a‑p¼‑p‑w AdÌ‑v Ac‑p-X‑v. C‑u 40 Z‑nh-k-¯‑n-s‑â -I-W¡‑v ck-I-c-a‑m-W‑v. {‑_«‑oj‑v c‑mP‑m-h‑n\‑v A\-`‑n-a-Xc‑mb ]‑mÀe-s‑aâ‑v A‑wK-§f‑ps‑S k‑m¶‑n[‑y‑w t‑I‑ma¬k‑v k`-b‑n Hg‑n-h‑m-¡‑m³ Ahs‑c AdÌ‑p s‑Nb‑vX‑v Pb‑n-e‑n-e-S-b‑v¡‑p¶ X{‑´‑w ]ï‑v C‑w¥ï‑n-e‑p-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. AX‑v Hg‑n-h‑m-¡‑m-\‑mW‑v C‑u h‑yhØ s‑I‑mï‑p-h-¶-X‑v. c‑mP‑y-¯‑ns‑â h‑nZ‑q-c-Ø-e-§-f‑n \‑n¶‑v I‑pX‑n-c-¸‑p-d¯‑v eï-\‑n F¯‑m³ t‑hï‑n-b‑pÅ kab‑w IW-¡‑m-¡‑n-b‑mW‑v 40 Z‑nhk‑w F¶‑v \‑nP-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑n-b-X‑v. k`-b‑n F¯‑m³ 40 aW‑n-¡‑q-d‑p-t‑]‑me‑p‑w t‑hï‑m¯ C¶‑p‑w C‑u I‑og‑vh-g¡‑w \‑ne-\‑n¡‑p-¶‑p‑, C´‑y-b‑n-e‑p‑w.

I‑pä‑w N‑mÀ¯‑m\‑p‑w h‑nk‑vX-c‑n-¡‑m\‑p‑w h‑n[‑n-¡‑m-\‑p-a‑pÅ Ah-I‑m-i-§Ä \‑nb-a-\‑nÀ½‑mW k` Xs‑¶ I¿‑m-f‑p-¶X‑ns‑e b‑pà‑nb‑p‑w h‑oï‑p-h‑n-N‑mc‑w Bh-i‑y-s‑¸-S‑p-¶-X‑mW‑v.

Hc‑mÄ I‑pä-¡‑m-ct‑\‑m F¶‑v X‑oc‑p-a‑m-\‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑pÅ A[‑nI‑mc‑w t‑I‑mS-X‑n-IÄ¡‑v h‑n«‑v s‑I‑mS‑p¯‑p I‑qt‑S? Cc‑p-Xe a‑qÀ¨-b‑ps‑S h‑mf‑m-W‑n-X‑v. ]s‑£ AX‑v FS‑p¯‑v h‑nt‑h-N-\-a‑n-Ã‑ms‑X a‑m[‑y-a-§Ä¡‑v t‑\s‑c h‑oi‑m-d‑n-à F-t‑¶b‑p-Å‑q. t‑Icf-¯‑n Xs‑¶ cï‑v Xh-W a‑m{‑X-a‑mW‑v a‑m[‑y-a-{‑]-hÀ¯-IÀs‑¡-X‑ns‑c \S-]S‑n h¶-X‑v. \½‑ps‑S P\‑m-[‑n-]-X‑y-¯‑ns‑â P‑m{‑KXb‑mW‑v CX‑n\‑v I‑mc-W‑w. ]s‑£ "l‑nµ‑p‑'h‑n\‑p‑w "C‑u\‑mS‑n‑'\‑p‑w FX‑ns‑c Dï‑mb \S-]-S‑n-IÄ I‑qS‑p-X Ic‑p-Xe‑p‑w P‑m{‑K-Xb‑p‑w Bh-i‑y-s‑¸-S‑p¶ Z‑rj‑vS‑m-´§-f‑mb‑n \½‑ps‑S a‑p¼‑n \‑n¡‑p-Ib‑p‑w s‑N¿‑p¶‑p.

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Sashi Nair

Building credibility is the key It matters much more than interpreting figures to show you are the leader

F

or those in the media it’s always interesting to learn how newspapers or television channels are faring, who the movers and shakers are, what the buzz is like, what the grapevine is, what the managements are up to, etc. So, a headline on the front page such as ‘TOI bigger than next 3 papers put together’ draws your attention immediately and gets you hooked.

It’s not strange any more to see how newspapers or news publishing organisations use surveys to their advantage, the objective being to impress on the reader who is King. What they don’t seem to understand is that readers today are a very discerning lot, much more than in the past, and all readers are not fools. What they also seem to care little about (in matters of numbers, rating and similar such) is facts being portrayed in the right manner and bringing clarity to the reader.

The Indian Readership Survey (IRS) came up with its findings for the last quarter of 2012. The

IRS exercise over the years has come to be accepted as largely fair by media houses. The challenge nowadays when almost everything is viewed through the prism of competition, is how to use the findings to your advantage. Damn the real picture.

It’s rather ironic because news is supposed to be sacred and when you use facts and figures to suit yourself, not revealing quite everything, you are not being truthful enough.

According to The Times of India story, the survey found that TOI’s average issue readership (readership and circulation do not mean the same thing) of over 7.6 million dwarfed HT’s 3.8 million, Hindu’s 2.2 million and Telegraph’s 1.3 million. The report went on to say that in India’s eight largest cities (those with a population of more than 5 million), TOI’s readership was almost 50 per cent more than the combined tally of the other three papers. It pointed out that in Tamil Nadu, TOI’s combined readership in Chennai, Coimbatore Skech by Meera Rao

https:\\graphicanthropology.wordpress.com G{]nð þ sabv 2013

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and Madurai had increased by 5000 readers over the earlier quarter, while during the same period The Hindu had lost 15000 readers, with Chennai accounting for 11000. The story went on about TOI’s leadership in several other cities.

The following day, The Hindu came up with its survey story on Page 1. It was a relatively much smaller and weaker piece about how it was No. 1 in the South and “rising” in the National Capital Region. The opening two sentences seemed to have been carefully crafted: “The Hindu continues to be the most popular English language daily newspaper in South India, staying ahead of competitors by a huge margin, according to just-released findings… it also retains its position at the national level with a readership figure of 21.64 lakh. The report added that The Hindu continued to dominate the Chennai market with a readership of 5.13 lakh, its figure adding up to more than the cumulative figures of the other English dailies.”

If the TOI report was true and The Hindu had indeed lost 11000 readers in Chennai, how could it “dominate” the market in the city! Or was “dominate” used to describe the lead it had over TOI in the same market? Now, this sort of juxtaposition is quite clever when you consider that most families buy only one newspaper. So, effectively, readers in a household do not know the other side of the story. But those reading both TOI and The Hindu must have been a confused lot. The reader usually never gets to know the actual figures in such reports.

For instance, the TOI piece should have carried its readership figure for Chennai, based on the IRS. Generally, newspapers are happy using phrases such as “gained many more readers” or “readership grew by so much per cent”, or “staying ahead of competition by a huge margin”, but these do not G{]nð þ sabv 2013

bring clarity.

Sometimes, it is best not to respond or react to a story related to numbers if you don’t wish to buttress your response with more facts and figures.

The Hindu’s effort in this case is an example. The headline mentioned “rising in NCR”, but the point was hardly expanded in the text. All there was, was just one line saying: “It has also made impressive strides in the National Capital Region.” What were these strides like, the reader did not get to know.

Healthy competition is definitely good, but I think the battle should be more about earning goodwill and credibility, especially at a time when media has lost much of it in different ways. There are so many issues that confront the media today.

For example, are journalists in India mostly lawabiding and respectful of the truth? Is self-regulation enough? At the core of your effort, are you having a good journalistic process? Do you believe in being ethical and having high integrity? And how do you stay relevant to the reader? I think these are the issues that newspapers and news publishing houses must discuss and debate and carry articles on.

The energy used for one-upmanship (applies to all news publishing houses) can be far better used to provide a sense of direction to those working in the media. And The Times of India, the largest circulated broadsheet daily in the world, and The Hindu, perhaps the most respected, both of whom have served journalism well for well over a century, should take the lead and show others the way.

The writer is the Director and Editor, Press Institute of India – Research Institute for Newspaper Development, Chennai.

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Dr. Mrinal Chatterjee

‘Dainik Asha’ completes 100 years A newspaper completing 100 years of existence is in itself a cause for celebration. And if the newspaper happens to be published from a place located about 200 km away from the capital and happens to have a rich legacy and contribution in the social history of the state- it is cause for double celebration.

T

he mortality rate of newspapers is high worldwide. In India the rate is still higher.

Consider this: in India there are only about 50 newspapers which have been published before independence in 1947 still surviving.

In this situation a newspaper completing 100 years of existence is in itself a cause for celebration.

And if the newspaper happens to be published from a place located about 200 km away from the capital and happens to have a rich legacy and contribution in the social history of the state- it is cause for double celebration.

But for some strange reasons Dainik Asha, the first Odia daily is low key about the celebration.

Asha was established by Shashi Bhusan Rath, a great freedom fighter in the undivided Ganjam district (which was under the Madras Presidency then) in 13 April, 1913. It was Odia New Year’s day.

It became a daily in 1928 (on 13 April, again) and was titled Daink Asha.

As a media historian says: “If Gouri Shankar Ray was credited to have printed Odisha’s first newspaper Utkal Dipika in 1866, it was only in early 20th century that journalism got wider acceptance in Odisha following the publication of Asha”.

Early history of Dainik Asha

In ancient times the region of Odisha was the center of the Kalinga kingdom, although it was temporarily conquered (c.250 B.C.) by Asoka and held for almost a century by the Mauryas. With the gradual decline of Kalinga, several Hindu dynasties arose and built temples at Bhubaneswar, Puri, and Konarak. After long resistance to the Muslims, the region was overcome (1568) by Afghan invaders

and passed to the Mughal empire. After the fall of the Mughals, Odisha was divided between the Nawabs of Bengal and the Marathas. In 1803 it was conquered by the British1.

The Odia-speaking areas were then divided and tagged to the neighboring provinces of Bengal, Central Provinces and Madras. The Madras Presidency consisted of a large conglomeration of linguistic groups including Odias (of Ganjam) and the Telegus. The Odias were intrigued by the administrative dismemberment of the Odiaspeaking territories. Gradually a movement to amalgamate the dismembered portions and to form a separate state on linguistic basis started.

The Utkal Union Conference (UUC, popularly known as Utkal Sammilani) was set up in December 1903 under the leadership of Madhusudhan Das to bring unity among the entire Odia population distributed over different provinces and safeguard the interests of the Odia people living outside Odisha. The first session of the conference took place in Cuttack in 1903.

In 1911, the Bihar- Odisha Province was carved out of the Bengal Presidency without the amalgamation of the Ganjam. There were big demonstrations in the district demanding inclusion of Odia-speaking tracts of Madras with Odisha.

In early 20th century, the quest for regional and linguistic identity was the primary agenda of the indigenous press in Odisha. Though small in number the periodicals were vociferous in demanding a separate province. Sri Nilamani Vidyaratna, a prominent Oriya nationalist and journalist advised Sashibhusan Rath of Ganjam to publish an Oriya Weekly2.

G{]nð þ sabv 2013

(14) Asha made its maiden appearance on 13 April 1913. It was named after Shashi Bhusan Rath’s daughter Ashalata. It became the most important weekly after Utkal Dipika. Published from Ganjam it acted as a successful communication link between southern Odisha and the rest part of the province.

Asha emerged as a powerful Odia nationalist paper and supported the UUC activities. It acted as a mouthpiece of Ganjam in particular, and of the Odias in general. The newspaper was extremely blunt in criticizing the British government. In one of its editorials on 5 January 1914, it wrote, ‘In every British District, there is always a non-indigenous element of about ten per cent, but that has never influenced the consideration of the language question by government which as a matter of fact recognized the prevailing language of each District as the official vernacular form the very commencement of the British Administration, but the hapless Odias of Ganjam have been treated as poor Cinderella in the Madras Presidency’.

Asha received articles from the Satyavadi stalwarts like Pandit Gopabandhu Das, Pandit Nilakantha Das, Pandit Godavarish Mishra, the great freedom fighters and scholars, who later became editors of powerful newspapers. However, later on, the paper failed to subscribe to the views of Satyavadi group when the school set up by Gopabandhu Das was converted into a national school. Utkala Dipika, Samaj

G{]nð þ sabv 2013

and Asha were the three important newspapers championing the cause of Odia nationalism.

After 1920, Samaj become the voice of the Congress organization in Orissa and criticized the so-called ‘moderates’, who would still maintain a soft, conciliatory policy towards the British government. ‘Asha’ was pro-moderate for a long time and later on expressed a desire for a rapport between the two groups. Utkala Dipika, the oldest the group, maintained an even tone with a pragmatic approach in the context of Odia nationalism.

Pandit Gopabandhu, the founder of Orissa’s influential Oriya newspaper, the Samaj published his first monthly magazine “Satyavadi” from Asha Press of Berhampur. The other prominent writers of ‘Asha’ were late Gopal Chandra Praharaj (author of Oriya Encyclopaedia-Bhasakosh), the great social reformer Ananta Mishra, Appanna Panigrahi of Paralakhemidi, Gadadhar Vidya Bhusan and Sadasiva Vidya Bhusan of South Ganjam, the great Oriya novelist and writer Fakir Mohan Senapati, the poet and writer Ramchandra Acharjya and many others.

Asha became Dainik Asha

In 1928 Shashi Bhusan Rath converted Asha into a daily newspaper. It was then known as ‘Dainik (Daily)Asha’. It was the first Oriya daily newspaper of Orissa. Some researchers believe that ‘Gandhi

(15) two papers were purchased by a businessman of Calcutta, Mr. M.L. Jajodia, who later settled down at Cuttack. Under a different ownership, these two papers provided effective support to war efforts of the British Government and were also recipients of Government’s aid. However, both the papers closed down in 1951 marking the end of a great chapter of the pre-independence era journalism in Orissa.

However, Dainik Asha was revived in the seventies by a Trust set up by the noted social activist politician Brundaban Nayak. It was published again on 10 February 1982 under the editorship of Sriharsha Mishra, a veteran journalist, who was earlier associated with Prajantra for long years. After the demise of Sriharsha Mishra in 1984, Chandrasekhar Mohapatra became the editor.

Mohapatra was earlier associated with Prajatantra and Matrubhumi. After his death Pramod Panda became the editor.

Current status of Dainik Asha

Shashi Bhusan Rath

Samachar’ edited by Niranjan Pattanik which was published in 1927 was the first Odia daily. But content wise it was Gandhi-centric. Dainik Asha, on the other hand was a complete newspaper.

Publication of Dainik Asha was a turning point in the history of Odia journalism as it had helped the people of Odisha to launch their struggle more effectively and vigorously to secure the unification of the outlying Odia areas under one administration.

It also spread the message of freedom movement.

With the publication of Dainik Asha, many publicspirited young men got the opportunity to receive practical training in journalism in general and in publication of daily newspaper in particular. Credit must be given to Dainik Asha for commencing training in newspaper production and publication.

In a way, it also started the professionalization process in journalism in Odisha. Many people, who got training in Dainik Asha as subeditors or reporters later helped production of other daily newspapers in the state. Thus Dainik Asha acted as the harbinger of Odia journalism.

Dainik Asha after independence

After formation of separate province, Shashi Bhusan Rath gave up the editorship of Dainik Asha on 18th April 1936. During the time of Second World War in 1942, Dainik Asha and its sister publication the English daily ‘New Orissa’ changed hands. These

Dainik Asha at its glorious years enjoyed wider recognition throughout the state. The newspaper used to be called as journalists’ newspaper because of its creditability as an authentic source of news and views. However, it gradually lost its popularity.

There were many factors for the decline: from its inability to keep pace with the changing taste and reading habit of the readers to mal-management.

By early 2013 the status of Dainik Asha is: it is just about surviving. It is surviving because of its legacy and a handful of committed readers mostly in South Odisha. The four-page daily is still published from Berhampur. It is occasionally published in 8 pages. It is said to have a circulation of 20,000. It is mostly circulated in South Odisha, primarily in Ganjam district. The newspaper largely banks on government advertisements for its survival, though it occasionally gets private advertisements.

The present editor, Pramad Panda has ambitious expansion plans to revive the glory. The expansion plans include multiple editions to reach out to different parts of Odisha. Dainik Asha has also plans to start its Vishakhapatna edition. It has plans to adopt latest printing technology and to make its presence in the web sphere.

The author, a journalist turned media academician presently heads Eastern India campus of Indian Institute of Mass Communication (IIMC) located in Dhenkanal, Odisha. His E-Mal: mrinaliimc@yahoo.in 1. http://www.odisha.gov.in/portal/LIWPL/event_archive/ Events_Archives/61Utkal_Divas.pdf 2. Emergence of Orissa as a Separate State and Contribution of Khallikote Raj Family, Dr. Dasarathi Bhuyan, Retrieved on 4 April 2013 from http://orissa.gov.in/emagazine/Orissareview/2010/April/engpdf/april-2010.pdf

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(16) 3 May, World Press Freedom Day

WAN-IFRA

The Free Press Principle 3 May is a day to celebrate hard-won press freedoms, but also to recognise how fragile those victories remain.

F

ree the press! It is a familiar refrain, one that grows louder year-on-year yet never loses relevancy.

Why should a free press even be up for discussion?

Are we failing to get the message across?

The simple answer is that the press equals power, and wherever power lies there are those who seek to control or influence it.

By nature, a free press is untamed; capable of speaking unfiltered to public opinion, it has always been a vital conduit for free expression.

It has therefore been a constant target.

As we increasingly embrace our digital citizen ship, the tyrants who oppose free speech are quickly learning how to act as digital oppressors.

Targets are more numerous, attacks more complicated and diverse. Our awareness and vigilance must adjust with similar voracity.

Impunity for the killers of journalists extends also to those who murder bloggers. Censorship does not discriminate between editorial platforms. Prisons are built for those who “offend”, regardless of media.

It is impossible to prevent the oppressors of free speech from eroding our basic freedoms. And they do, as the press freedom indexes show, frequently and without heed for the consequences.

Our right to seek, receive or impart information

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through any media may be enshrined in international human rights law, yet the media must fight daily to remain a bulwark against intrusions on free speech.

As a check on power, an independent press acts as society’s window through which the abuses, digressions, untruths and self-interests of the powerful are revealed for public scrutiny.

According to corrupt governments, violent criminals, and fundamentalists of every description, this window would be better permanently bricked-up.

Take Mexico, for example, where journalists face a violent, often deadly reception. The wider effects are devastating.

“A climate of fear grows and it becomes better to remain silent than speak out about events that may pose a threat,” says journalist and writer, Anabel Hernández “This leads to self-censorship, which affects freedom of expression, which in turn affects the quality and depth of information that society receives. If society does not know the reality that surrounds it, who can make decisions?”

Wherever you live, whatever you do, pause for a moment and reflect on what kind of a society would be in front of you, were it not for the presence of an inquisitive media.

(17)

A Myanmar journalist works on his laptop carrying a sticker reading ‘Stop Killing Press’ as he waits outside a court for a ruling on a defamation case against The Voice Weekly in Yangon on 23 August, 2012. Myanmar said it had abolished media censorship on 20 August in the latest in a series of rapid democratic reforms, delighting journalists who lived for decades under the shadow of the censors’ marker pen. AFP PHOTO / Soe Than WIN

Who makes decisions on your behalf, and just how transparent is the process?

This, ultimately, is why we defend journalists and a free press worldwide.

Yet the Internet is undeniably raising the stakes.

Checks and balances that provide the counterweight to power, of which traditional media were for so long custodians, are shifting rapidly beyond mediadefined parameters.

The Internet invites censors into our homes, often unwittingly, and in the process has made freedom of expression a concern for anyone who signs on to social networks, communicates via email, and owns a smartphone or tablet device.

Or at least it should be of concern. Paradoxically, the great digital revolution that has introduced a truly globally connected age provides yet another mechanism for control, an opportunity for speech to be curtailed. Online news media, forewarned by the experiences of the written press, may be better prepared to combat this. But are we as individuals?

Online and off, new challenges or familiar threats are no less shocking. Each year heralds a roll call of journalist casualties, imprisoned media professionals or publications threatened, intimidated or financially strangled to the point of closure.

Above all, with a sense of solemn reflection, 3 May is an occasion to remember colleagues targeted for their work, especially those killed in the line of duty.

That ‘duty’ was not simply to bring us the news. Their work – by nature risky, sometimes dangerous, yet always outspoken – went beyond the headlines that became unintentional obituaries.

Their work signifies a belief in a principle, exhorted by democracy and made tangible with every article, picture or broadcast.

It is that principle behind which we stand proud.

It is upon that principle that our industry is founded, and that journalism thrives.

WAN-IFRA, based in Paris, France, and Darmstadt, Germany, with subsidiaries in Singapore and India, is the global organisation of the world’s newspapers and news publishers. It represents more than 18,000 publications, 15,000 online sites and over 3,000 companies in more than 120 countries. Its core mission is to defend and promote press freedom, quality journalism and editorial integrity and the development of prosperous businesses.

G{]nð þ sabv 2013

(18)

Ashok R Chandran

Who is Studying Kerala Media?

Quality research on Kerala media is skinny in general, not just in Media magazine. In this article, I present data from a rapid survey of international journals of the past five years (2008–2012) and offer a few suggestions to improve the situation.

A

s Media celebrates its first birthday with a special issue, there is another cause to cheer for the magazine.

A recent write-up (Media, February 2013, pp 48–49) showed that studies on Kerala media were missing in this publication. At that time, it was unclear whether the needle of suspicion pointed to the journal’s editorial bias or the poverty of research on Kerala media.

It turns out that quality research on Kerala media is skinny in general, not just in Media magazine. In this article, I present data from a rapid survey of international journals of the past five years (2008– 2012) and offer a few suggestions to improve the situation.

Kerala Media in Academic Journals

Academics communicate their research findings through talks, conferences, and books, but primarily and notably through articles in scholarly journals.

There are thousands of journals in the world and the EBSCO database ‘Communication and Mass Media Complete’ alone lists more than 1,000 academic journals. To locate studies on a topic, one must dig into journals.

There is also another reason to explore journals.

To help scholars identify the best and most influential journals in their subjects, Thomson Reuters uses a formula and assigns a score (called ‘impact factor’) to each journal, and then ranks the journals. The rankings are published in the World Citation Report. Increasingly universities, including in India, use this scoring system while recruiting and promoting teachers. Typically, those who publish articles in journals with higher impact factor are more likely to be recruited or promoted than those who publish in journals with lower impact factor.

It is reasonable, therefore, to assume that scholars

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studying Kerala media publish their research in journals as it helps them in career advancement and peer recognition, in addition to dissemination of findings.

In Stage One of the research, I searched for studies on Kerala media in the top-ranking journals in the “Communication” category in the World Citation Report1. How many articles on Kerala media were published in the past five years (2008–2012) in the top ten journals in Communication?

Answer: Zero.

Since many of us perceive the quality of higher education in Kerala to be poor, it was felt unreasonable to limit the search to the world’s top 10 journals. Expecting to find studies on Kerala media in some of the other good journals, I widened the search.

In Stage Two, therefore, using EBSCO’s media database as a guide, I identified the leading publishing houses in Communication (including Cambridge University Press, Oxford University Press, Taylor and Francis, SAGE, and Wiley– Blackwell) and searched across thousands of peer-reviewed journals. Media studies being interdisciplinary at times, the search was done across non-media, social science journals too. Considering regional peculiarity, the Economic and Political Weekly, where many Indian scholars customarily publish, was also included. Further, to offset the problem of badly-written abstracts, I searched for articles where ‘Kerala’ appears in the full text (and not just the abstracts). Thus the objective was to make the survey comprehensive2.

How many articles on Kerala media were published in international, peer-reviewed journals in the past five years (2008–2012)?

Answer: One3.

That is one in hundreds of journals, not just in

(19) communication, but also in allied disciplines like history, sociology, political science and economics.

Indeed, the lone article on Kerala media did not appear in a Communication journal. Nor was it by an Indian. The hero of the hour was the well-known Australian scholar Robin Jeffrey, who published an article in the Journal of Asian Studies of April 2009.

Titled ‘Testing Concepts about Print, Newspapers, and Politics: Kerala, India, 1800–2009’ the 25-page article presented his understanding of the ‘impact of print consumption on societies and their politics’.

That article would be of interest to many Keralites—print journalists, journalism teachers, media managers, sociologists, political scientists, historians, and curious generalists—as well as nonKeralites who are keen to know more about the state and our media. If that is so, should we not have more of such articles? Should we not have more information and insights on various other aspects of Kerala media?

Now consider another finding from my extended survey—‘Kerala’ figured in the abstracts or titles of 269 journal items (excluding the Economic and Political Weekly). It was humbling and thrilling to see studies on Kerala, and sometimes from Kerala, in diverse fields—polymers, geriatric psychiatry, hepatology, energy, interventional cardiology, horticulture, and explosives (to name just a few from the sciences) as well as in various disciplines of the social sciences and the humanities.

Thus, if you search for ‘Kerala’ in abstracts you will not be disappointed; search for ‘Kerala’ and ‘media’ (or newspaper or journalism) in abstracts, article title or full text, you will be dismayed. The survey suggests that research on Kerala was being published by many Kerala-based scholars in science, technology or medicine, fewer of them in the humanities and social sciences, and almost none in media studies. What can be done?

A Few Ways Forward

The dismal research output on Kerala media underscores the need to shake up the university departments in the state and encourage them to study the society in which they are embedded. There

is no dearth of topics for research—the media scene in Kerala is alive and faces challenges, whether one looks at it as a consumer or producer of media. It is up to the professors and the senior administrators of universities to analyze the problem of weak scholarship and take remedial measures.

Yet, if we really wish to improve the situation, we cannot rely solely on universities. The desertification of research on Kerala media calls for a creative and giant push on several fronts, for which the university departments are ill-equipped.

There are a few small steps that existing institutions can take in the immediate term to promote research. Newspaper firms, for example, can encourage the use of their archives by lowering the entry barriers they have installed. In due course, the digitized copies of back issues of publications can be made available online either on a free-andlimited access basis or pay-and-unlimited access.

Similarly, new media outlets possess information on viewership, and to promote research, they can share proprietary data, even with a lag, say of one year.

Media magazine can reserve space for peerreviewed content (like ‘Special Articles’ in the Economic and Political Weekly), regularly carry a page or two about media studies on Kerala, and initiate a prize for the best studied article published in the magazine. The availability of a platform, greater awareness, and incentives might encourage more studies on Kerala media4.

Civil society organizations too can pitch in. One would expect the Kerala Sastra Sahitya Parishad, for example, to study the state of science journalism in Kerala and publish their findings in their own publications, or Media, and reputed journals.

Quick and small measures like these are necessary but not sufficient. Our goal should be the bigger, systemic one of establishing a vibrant research ecosystem for media studies on Kerala. A healthy research ecosystem will supply the media industry with regular findings and insights, as well as increase media literacy and strengthen democracy.

The broader the vision, the better it would be. Because a diverse society like ours has varied

There are a few small steps that existing institutions can take in the immediate term to promote research. Newspaper firms, for example, can encourage the use of their archives by lowering the entry barriers they have installed. In due course, the digitized copies of back issues of publications can be made available online either on a free-andlimited access basis or pay-and-unlimited access.

G{]nð þ sabv 2013

(20) interests, the research environment will benefit from being pluralist.

The environment will be vibrant and healthy if all sectors—civil society, private industry, and the state—are encouraged to fund and conduct research, share findings with the public, and raise awareness about media production and consumption.

Who should take the lead in shaping the research ecosystem on Kerala media? In my view, it should be media firms and civil society organizations because the private sector and civil society are the primary beneficiaries of the research output.

Where the state can help, let it do so; but because the media sector draws legitimacy from being a political watchdog (i.e., not only an entertainment medium), we must push forward even in the face of lack of encouragement, if any, from the state. Our democratic institutions, including the press, must develop the strength to keep the executive in check and discard the culture of wholesale dependence on any one player or sector for research.

What would be the elements of such an ecosystem?

A few suggestions are outlined here; the list can be expanded with your ideas.

1.State of the Media report: published annually or at least once every two years, each report presenting reliable data on diverse aspects of the media scene in Kerala, discussing trends, and serving as an indispensable reference source in media research.

2. Media Studies Association: a professional society of scholars and researchers studying Kerala media, with affiliate membership for journalists and the public.

3. Media Education and Research Kerala portal: a comprehensive online repository of documents, datasets, and information for studying Kerala media, and on media education in Kerala.

4. Media research organizations: think-tanks and media-watch organizations in the private sector and civil society to undertake studies (for firms, the state, and the public), offer training, and develop ethics codes.

5. Media Circles: A network of voluntary groups across the state to promote media literacy among the masses.

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Depending on their objectives and resources, these institutions can kickstart initiatives like e-newsletters and publications, textbooks and teaching toolkits for media educators, prizes and fellowships, annual Media Studies Congress and conferences, competitions and events, media literacy clubs in educational institutions, and development of media analysis software.

This is a time to strengthen the research community, build bridges between various stakeholders in media research, and develop a healthy media culture in the state. It will strengthen our democratic institutions and the media industry.

Ashok R. Chandran is an independent researcher in Palakkad, Kerala. He can be reached at studykeralamedia@gmail.com 1. Research for this article used the World Citation Report 2008 to identify the top-ranking journals in Communication. The top 10 were Journal of Communication (Wiley), Journal of Health Communication (Taylor & Francis), Public Opinion Quarterly (Oxford University Press), Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication (Wiley), Human Communication Research (Wiley), Communication Research (SAGE), Communication Theory (Wiley), Interaction Studies (John Benjamins), Cyberpsychology, Behavior and Social Networking (Mary Ann Liebert), and Public Understanding of Science (SAGE).

2. Still, there would probably be an odd journal or two outside the radar. For this exercise, I did not consider non–peer-reviewed journals as they are perceived to be of lower quality.

3. The result is for studies on Kerala media. In some articles, media reporting in Kerala was mentioned or discussed, as in Mathew George’s article on fever epidemics and fever clinics in ‘Contributions to Indian Sociology’ (2011). The number of even such articles is small (less than five).

4. The availability of ‘Media’ as a platform was a major motivator for me to undertake the survey of scholarly journals and report the findings. Otherwise, I would have casually searched for and read the articles, without doing it systematically and time-bound, or sharing the findings for public discussion.

(21)

CâÀs‑\-ä‑nð h‑nhc‑w t‑XS‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ 2

_‑n. Fk‑v. _‑n-a‑n-\‑nX‑v

AU‑z‑m³k‑vU‑v s‑kÀ¨‑v

C¶‑v a‑m[‑ya{‑]hÀ¯Is‑â {‑][‑m\ h‑nhct‑iJct‑W‑m]‑m[‑nIf‑n s‑e‑m¶‑mW‑v CâÀs‑\ä‑v. FÃ‑m h‑nhc§f‑p‑w e`‑ya‑mb Øe‑w F¶ K‑pW¯‑ns‑\‑m¸‑w [‑mc‑mf‑w A\‑mhi‑yh‑nhc§f‑p‑w s‑Xä‑mb h‑nhc§f‑p‑w DÅ CS‑w I‑qS‑nb‑ms‑W¶ A]ISh‑p‑w Ch‑ns‑Sb‑pï‑v. {‑i²‑n¨‑ns‑æ‑n A_²¡Se‑ne‑mh‑p‑w s‑N¶‑ph‑og‑pI. CâÀs‑\ä‑n h‑nhc§Ä t‑XS‑nb‑pÅ s‑kÀ¨‑v F§s‑\ Ff‑p¸h‑p‑w I‑rX‑yh‑p a‑m¡‑m‑w F¶ h‑nhc§f‑mW‑v C‑u t‑eJ\¯‑nÂ. t‑Icf {‑]k‑v A¡‑mZa‑n AS‑p¯‑pXs‑¶ {‑]k‑n²‑oIc‑n¡‑p¶ ]‑pk‑vXI¯‑n \‑n¶‑pÅ Hc‑p `‑mKa‑mW‑nX‑v.

KqKnfnð I‑ot‑hU‑v Xes‑¡«‑nt‑e‑m s‑h_‑vs‑s‑kä‑v A{‑UÊ‑nt‑e‑m DÅS¡¯‑nt‑e‑m Fh‑ns‑Ss‑b¶‑v (terms appearing:) \nÀt±in¡pó Nne IamâpIÄ

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F¶‑m AU‑z‑m³k‑vU‑v s‑kÀ¨‑v t‑] P‑ne‑qs‑S I‑qS‑pX Ff‑p¸¯‑n e£‑y‑w I‑mW‑m‑w.

I‑ot‑hU‑n\‑p ]‑pdt‑a N‑ne s‑kÀ¨‑v ^e‑w Ac‑ns‑¨S‑p¡‑m³ s‑kÀ¨‑v F³P‑n\‑v N‑ne \‑n_Ô\IÄ I‑qS‑n DÄs‑¸S‑p¯‑nb‑mW‑v AU‑z‑m³k‑vU‑v s‑kÀ¨‑v X¿‑md‑m¡‑nb‑nc‑n¡‑p¶X‑v. e`‑n¡‑m\‑nc‑n¡‑p¶ t‑]P‑pIÄ \‑oï h³ t‑iJc¯‑n \‑n¶‑v N‑ne I‑mc‑y§Ä FS‑p¯‑p Ifª‑p‑w‑, N‑neX‑v \‑ne\‑nÀ¯‑n _‑m¡‑nb‑pÅh Hg‑nh‑m¡‑nb‑ps‑a‑ms‑¡ ^e‑w I‑qS‑pX I‑rX‑ya‑m¡‑m\‑mW‑v K‑qK‑nÄ C‑u h‑nZ‑y c‑wK¯‑nd¡‑nbX‑v.

K‑qK‑nÄ AU‑z‑m³k‑vU‑v s‑kÀ¨‑v t‑]P‑n t‑]‑mb‑m X‑ms‑g ]db‑p¶ H‑m]‑vj\‑pIÄ I‑mW‑m‑w.

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(22) I‑rX‑ya‑mb h‑m¡‑pIt‑f‑m h‑mNIt‑a‑m AS§‑nbh (this exact word or phrase)‑, C‑u h‑m¡‑pIf‑nt‑es‑X¦‑ne‑p‑w AS§‑nbh (any of these words)‑, s‑kÀ¨‑v ^e¯‑n hcc‑pX‑m¯ h‑m¡‑pIÄ (none of these words:)‑, cï‑v k‑wJ‑yIÄ¡‑v CS¡‑pÅX‑v X‑ncs‑ªS‑p¡‑m‑w `‑mj‑, c‑mP‑y‑w(region:)‑, F{‑X I‑me¯‑n\‑pÅ‑n {‑] k‑n²‑oIc‑n¨X‑v (last update:)‑, DÅS¡a‑pÅ s‑h_‑vs‑s‑kä‑ns‑â t‑] c‑v (site or domain:)‑, I‑ot‑hU‑v Xes‑¡«‑nt‑e‑m s‑h_‑vs‑s‑kä‑v A{‑UÊ‑nt‑e‑m DÅS¡¯‑nt‑e‑m Fh‑ns‑Ss‑b¶‑v (terms appearing:) a‑pX‑nÀ¶hÀ¡‑pa‑m{‑Xa‑pÅ DÅS¡§Ä Hg‑nh‑m¡‑‑mw, a‑pg‑ph\‑mt‑b‑m s‑Nd‑nb t‑X‑mX‑nt‑e‑m DÄs‑¸S‑p¯‑m‑w (SafeSearch:).

GX‑v Xc‑w ^b h‑n`‑mK‑w (DZ‑m:‑ pdf,doc) X‑pS§‑nb AU‑z‑m³k‑vU‑v s‑kÀ¨‑ns‑e C‑u \‑n_Ô\If‑n Bhi‑ya‑pÅh X‑ncs‑ªS‑p¯‑v s‑kÀ¨‑v d‑nkÄ«‑v I‑qS‑pX I‑rX‑ya‑m¡‑m‑w. s‑kÀ¨‑v t‑_‑mI‑vk‑n C\‑n-b‑pa‑pï‑v s‑kÀ¨‑v ^e§Ä I‑qS‑pX I‑rX‑ya‑m¡‑m\‑pÅ D]IcW§Ä. d‑nkÄ«‑v t‑]P‑n s‑kÀ¨‑v t‑_‑mI‑vk‑n\‑p s‑X‑m«‑p X‑ms‑g- I‑qS‑p-X s‑kÀ¨‑v S‑qÄk‑n I‑qS‑p-X H‑m]‑vj-\‑p-I-f‑pï‑v. N‑ne {‑_‑uk-d‑p-I-f‑n s‑s‑kU‑v _‑md‑ne‑p‑w C-h e`‑n-¡‑p‑w. s‑e‑mt‑¡j³ þ s‑kÀ¨‑v S‑qÄk‑n ¢‑n¡‑p s‑Nb‑vX‑m aä‑v H‑m]‑vj\‑p-IÄs‑¡‑m¸‑w \½Ä Ct‑¸‑mÄ Cc‑n¡‑p¶ Øe‑w K‑qK‑nÄ CX‑n\I‑w Iï‑p]‑nS‑n¨‑v t‑cJs‑¸S‑p¯‑nb‑nc‑n¡‑p‑w.

C¯-c‑w `‑qa‑ni‑mk‑v{‑X]ca‑mb {‑] t‑X‑yIXIÄ I‑qS‑n t‑\‑m¡‑nb‑mW‑v K‑qK‑nÄ s‑kÀ¨‑v c‑q]s‑¸S‑p¯‑nbX‑v F¶‑v t‑\cs‑¯ ]dª‑p. Øeh‑p‑w k‑wØ‑m\h‑p‑w t‑cJs‑¸S‑p¯‑nbX‑n\‑v X‑ms‑gb‑pÅ t‑_‑m¢‑n C´‑yb‑ns‑e at‑äs‑X¦‑ne‑p‑w Øe‑w t‑NÀ¡‑m‑w. ]‑pX‑nb Øe‑w AS‑nØ‑m\ a‑m¡‑nb‑mb‑nc‑n¡‑p‑w X‑pSÀ¶‑pÅ ^e§Ä hc‑nI. {‑]‑mt‑ZiIa‑mb h‑yX‑y‑mk‑w C§s‑\ CÃ‑mX‑m¡‑m‑w.

K‑qK‑nf‑ns‑â C´‑y³ ]X‑n¸‑mb google. co.in t‑e C‑u k‑uIc‑y‑w e`‑n¡‑q The Web / Pages from India

F¶ H‑m]‑vj\‑n C´‑yb‑n \‑n¶‑pÅ t‑]P‑pIÄ a‑m{‑Xs‑at‑¶‑m‑, s‑hº‑ns‑e FÃ‑m ^e-§f‑ps‑at‑¶‑m X‑nc-s‑ª-S‑p¡‑m‑w.

G{]nð þ sabv 2013

Reading level þ s‑kÀ¨‑v t‑_‑mI‑vk‑n\‑p X‑ms‑g all result  ¢‑n¡‑p s‑Nb‑vX‑m d‑oU‑nM‑v eh F¶ H‑m]‑vj³ I‑n«‑p‑w. CâÀs‑\ ä‑ns‑e h‑mb\¡‑ms‑c a‑q¶‑pXca‑mb‑n X‑nc‑n¨‑v AhÀ¡‑pt‑hï‑nb‑pÅ ^e§Ä e‑nÌ‑v s‑N¿‑p¶ K‑qK‑nf‑ns‑â k‑wh‑n[‑m\a‑mW‑nX‑v. k‑vI‑qÄ Xe¯‑ne‑pÅ h‑nZ‑y‑mÀ°‑nIÄ¡‑p‑w At‑X \‑neh‑mc¯‑ne‑pÅ D] t‑b‑mà‑m¡Ä¡‑p‑w t‑hï‑nb‑mW‑v basic level. i‑mk‑v{‑XÚ³a‑mÀ‑, Kt‑hjIÀ X‑pS§‑nbhÀ¡‑v Advanced level; CS¡‑pÅX‑v intermediate. Reading level  ¢‑n¡‑p s‑Nb‑vX‑m s‑kÀ¨‑v ^e¯‑ns‑â F{‑X iXa‑m\‑w h‑oX‑w H‑mt‑c‑m I‑mäKd‑nb‑ne‑pa‑ps‑ï¶‑v e‑nk‑vä‑v s‑N¿‑p‑w. X‑pSÀ¶‑v H‑mt‑c‑m e‑n¦‑ne‑p‑w ¢‑n¡‑p s‑Nb‑vX‑v t‑hï I‑mäKd‑n X‑ncs‑ªS‑p¡‑m‑w.

Translated foreign pages -þ a‑m[‑ya{‑]hÀ¯IÀ¡‑p‑w Kt‑hjIÀ¡‑p‑w h‑nZ‑y‑mÀ°‑nIÄ¡‑p s‑a‑ms‑¡ Gs‑d {‑]t‑b‑mP\Ica‑mb k‑wh‑n[‑m\a‑mW‑nX‑v. s‑kU‑v_‑md‑n Xs‑¶b‑pÅ C‑u e‑n¦‑n ¢‑n¡‑p s‑Nb‑vX‑m K‑qK‑nf‑ns‑â s‑a‑mg‑na‑mä k‑wh‑n[‑m\¯‑ne‑qs‑S C‑w¥‑oj‑nt‑e¡‑v XÀÖa s‑Nb‑vX C-Xc `‑mjIf‑ns‑e s‑h_‑vs‑s‑kä‑ns‑e h‑nhc§Ä Ch‑ns‑S e`‑n¡‑p‑w. verbatim þ k‑vs‑]Ã‑nM‑v Id£³‑, ka‑m\ ]Z§f‑ps‑S s‑kÀ¨‑v ^e§Ä X‑pS§‑nb CXct‑aJeIf‑nt‑e¡‑v IS¡‑ms‑X \½Ä \ÂI‑nb h‑m¡‑v At‑X]S‑n D]t‑b‑mK‑n¨‑v s‑kÀ¨‑v s‑N¿‑m\‑pÅ k‑wh‑n[‑m\a‑mW‑nX‑v. s‑s‑kU‑v _‑md‑ne‑mW‑v C‑u e‑n¦‑pa‑pÅX‑v. {‑]‑mt‑Zi‑nI ]Z§f‑p‑w C‑w¥‑oj‑v U‑n£‑vWd‑nIÄ¡‑v ]c‑nNba‑nÃ‑m¯ kh‑nt‑ij ]Z§f‑ps‑a‑ms‑¡ C§s‑\ s‑kÀ¨‑v s‑N¿‑m‑w. aä‑v H‑m]‑vj\‑pIÄ Chb‑mW‑v All results‑- þ FÃ‑m ^e§f‑p‑w Sites with images‑ þ- H¸‑w N‑n{‑X§f‑pÅ ^e§Ä Visited pages‑ þ Hc‑n¡Â kµÀi‑n¨ t‑]P‑pIÄ Not yet visited þ CX‑phs‑c kµÀi‑n¡‑m¯ ]‑pX‑nbh Dictionary þ- U‑n£vWd‑n

N‑ne s‑]‑mS‑ns‑s‑¡IÄ F¶‑m AU‑z‑m³k‑vU‑v s‑kÀ¨‑v t‑]P‑n t‑]‑mI‑ms‑X Xs‑¶ s‑kÀ¨‑v ^e§Ä Ac‑ns‑¨S‑p¡‑m³ N‑nÃd s‑]‑mS‑ns‑s‑¡If‑pï‑v. *]‑mc‑ok‑ns‑e l‑n«¬ F¶ t‑l‑m«e‑nt‑\¡‑pd‑n¨‑mW‑v \a‑p¡‑v s‑kÀ¨‑v s‑Nt‑¿ïs‑X¦‑n k‑z‑m`‑mh‑nIa‑mb‑p‑w

(23) Paris Hilton F¶‑mb‑nc‑n¡‑p‑w

\½Ä \ÂI‑pI. \a‑p¡d‑nb‑m‑w k‑z‑m`‑mh‑nIa‑mb‑p‑w s‑kÀ¨‑v d‑nkÄ«‑v ]‑mc‑nk‑v l‑n«¬ F¶ t‑l‑mf‑nh‑pU‑v \S‑nt‑b¡‑pd‑n¨‑mb‑nc‑n¡‑ps‑a¶‑v. A{‑X {‑][‑m\aÃ‑m¯‑n\‑m l‑n«t‑l‑m«e‑nt‑\¡‑pd‑n¨‑pÅ h‑nhc§Ä Ahk‑m\ t‑]P‑pIf‑ns‑eh‑ns‑Ss‑b¦‑ne‑p‑w Hf‑n¨‑nc‑n¡‑pIb‑mI‑p‑w. C¯c‑w kµÀ`§f‑n I‑ot‑hU‑pIf‑ps‑S X‑ncs‑ªS‑p¸‑v {‑]t‑X‑yI‑w {‑i²‑n¡W‑w.

Ch‑ns‑S Paris Hilton \‑v H¸‑w hotel F¶‑p I‑qS‑n s‑kÀ¨‑p s‑Nb‑vX‑m t‑l‑m«e‑nt‑\¡‑pd‑n¨‑pÅ h‑nhc§Ä I‑qS‑pX e`‑n¡‑p‑w. * we are all khalid said F¶ Ad_‑v kacI‑me¯‑v C‑uP‑n]‑vX‑ne‑pbÀ¶ a‑p{‑Z‑mh‑mI‑yt‑¯¡‑pd‑n¨‑v I‑qS‑pX h‑nhc§Ä e`‑n¡‑m³ I‑qS‑pX ^e{‑] Za‑mb a‑mÀ£‑w C‑u h‑mI‑ya‑pÅ t‑]P‑pIÄ a‑m{‑X‑w Is‑ï¯‑pI F¶X‑mW‑v. AX‑n\‑v “we are all khalid said ” F¶‑v U_‑nÄ I‑zt‑«j\‑p]t‑b‑mK‑n¨‑v s‑kÀ¨‑v s‑Nb‑vX‑m aX‑n. A§s‑\b‑mI‑pt‑¼‑mÄ C‑u h‑mNI‑w CX‑pt‑]‑ms‑e h¶‑n«‑pÅ s‑h_‑v t‑]P‑pIÄ a‑m{‑Xt‑a e‑nÌ‑v s‑N¿‑pIb‑pÅ‑q. At‑Xkab‑w h‑m¡‑pIÄ Ct‑X {‑Ia¯‑n hc‑m¯ h‑nhc§Ä Hg‑nh‑m¡s‑¸S‑p‑w. * P‑mK‑z‑mÀ F¶ ]‑pe‑nb‑ps‑S t‑hKXt‑b¡‑pd‑n¨‑mW‑v s‑kÀ¨‑v s‑Nt‑¿ïs‑X¦‑n k‑z‑m`‑mh‑nIa‑mb‑p‑w \½Ä jaguar speed F¶‑mh‑p‑w I‑ot‑hU‑v \ÂI‑pI. ]t‑£ t‑e‑mI{‑]ik‑vXa‑mb P‑mK‑z‑mÀ F¶ {‑_‑m³U‑ne‑pÅ I‑md‑pIf‑ps‑S t‑hKXb‑mI‑p‑w s‑kÀ¨‑v ^e¯‑n `‑qc‑n]£h‑p‑w. AX‑n\‑nS¡‑p\‑n¶‑v t‑hïX‑v Is‑ï¯‑m³ h‑nja‑n¡‑p‑w.

AX‑n\‑v jaguar speed -car F¶‑v s‑kÀ¨‑v s‑Nb‑vX‑m aX‑n. AX‑mbX‑v I‑md‑pIfÃ‑m¯ P‑mK‑z‑md‑ns‑â t‑hKX F¶À°‑w. h‑m¡‑pIÄ¡‑v t‑ij‑w "--þ' CS‑p¶X‑n\‑p a‑p¼‑v Hc‑p k‑vt‑]k‑v \‑nÀ_Ôa‑mW‑v. s‑s‑a\k‑v N‑nÓs‑¯ s‑s‑l^W‑mb‑n s‑Xä‑n²c‑n¡‑m\‑mW‑nX‑v. * C\‑n Hc‑p I‑ot‑hU‑v D] t‑b‑mK‑n¨‑v s‑kÀ¨‑v s‑N¿‑pt‑¼‑mÄ I‑rX‑ya‑mb‑n B ]Z‑w a‑m{‑XaÃ‑, AX‑ns‑â ka‑m\ ]Z§f‑p]t‑b‑mK‑n¨‑v I‑qS‑n s‑kÀ¨‑v s‑N¿Ws‑a¦‑n ‑"~' N‑nÓa‑p]t‑b‑mK‑n¨‑m aX‑n.

AX‑mbX‑v ~aeroplane F¶‑v s‑kÀ¨‑v s‑Nb‑vX‑m aeroplane \‑p ]‑pdt‑a FbÀ{‑I‑m^‑vä‑p‑w s‑Pä‑pa‑pÄs‑¸s‑Sb‑pÅ h‑na‑m\§t‑f¡‑pd‑n¨‑pÅ h‑nhc§s‑fÃ‑m‑w e`‑n¡‑p‑w. * olympics‑ t‑\¡‑pd‑n¨‑v Hc‑p

{‑]t‑X‑yI s‑s‑kä‑n \‑n¶‑pÅ h‑nhc §f‑mW‑v t‑hïs‑X¦‑n ‑olympics site: t‑ij‑w k‑vt‑]k‑v CS‑ms‑X s‑h_‑vs‑s‑kä‑ns‑â t‑]c‑p s‑I‑mS‑p¯‑m aX‑n. \‑y‑qt‑b‑mÀ¡‑v s‑s‑S‑wk‑ns‑e h‑nhc §f‑mW‑v t‑hïs‑X¦‑n olymipcs site:nytimes.com F¶‑v s‑s‑S¸‑v s‑Nb‑vX‑v s‑kÀ¨‑v s‑N¿‑pI. \‑y‑qt‑b‑mÀ¡‑v s‑s‑S‑wk‑v s‑h_‑vs‑s‑kä‑n \‑n¶‑pÅ Hf‑n‑w]‑nI‑vk‑nt‑\¡‑pd‑n¨‑pÅ h‑nhc§Ä a‑m{‑X‑w I‑n«‑p‑w. s‑s‑kä‑ns‑â t‑]c‑n\‑p ] Ic‑w .org t‑]‑me‑pÅ Gs‑X¦‑ne‑p‑w s‑U‑ms‑ab‑n\‑ne‑pÅ s‑s‑kä‑n \‑n¶‑p Åh a‑m{‑X‑w aX‑ns‑b¦‑n olymipcs site:.org F¶‑p \ÂI‑nb‑m aX‑n.

C\‑n Hf‑n‑w]‑nI‑vk‑nt‑\¡‑pd‑nÅ Hc‑p {‑]t‑X‑yI s‑h_‑vs‑s‑kä‑n \‑n¶‑pÅ h‑nhc§Ä t‑hs‑ï¦‑n AX‑n\‑pa‑pï‑v hg‑n. h‑n¡‑n¸‑oU‑nbb‑ns‑e h‑nhc§f‑mW‑v Hg‑nh‑mt‑¡ïs‑X¦‑n Olympics -site:wikipedia.org

F¶‑v s‑kÀ¨‑v s‑Nb‑vX‑m aX‑n. C\‑n \‑y‑qt‑b‑mÀ¡‑v s‑s‑kä‑ns‑e h‑nhc‑w I‑qS‑n Hg‑nh‑m¡Ws‑a¦‑n olympics

-site:nytimes.com -site:wikipedia. org F¶‑v s‑s‑S¸‑v s‑Nb‑vX‑v s‑kÀ¨‑v

s‑Nb‑vX‑m aX‑n. * ]‑nU‑nF^‑v‑, t‑U‑mI‑v X‑pS§‑nb ^be‑pIf‑ne‑pÅ s‑kÀ¨‑v ^ea‑mW‑v t‑hïs‑X¦‑n I‑ot‑hU‑n\‑p t‑ij‑w filetype: F¶‑p t‑NÀ¯‑m aX‑n. olympics filetype:pdf F¶‑n§s‑\ * Hc‑p {‑]t‑X‑yI h‑mNI‑w s‑kÀ¨‑v s‑N¿‑pt‑¼‑mÄ \½Ä CS¡‑ps‑h¨‑v Hc‑p h‑m¡‑v h‑n«‑pt‑]‑mb‑m AX‑n\‑p ]Ic‑w Hc‑p Ì‑mÀ N‑nÓ‑w C«‑m aX‑n. {‑]k‑n² k‑n\‑nab‑mb ‑"I`‑n I`‑n' b‑ps‑S ]‑m«‑ns‑e hc‑nIf‑ps‑S cï‑v h‑m¡‑pIÄ h‑n«‑p t‑]‑ms‑b¶‑p Ic‑pX‑pI. F¦‑nð “kabhi

kabhi mere * main khayal * hai”

h‑n«‑pt‑]‑mb `‑mK¯‑v k‑vä‑mÀ C«t‑ij‑w U_‑nÄ t‑I‑z‑m«‑n t‑hW‑w s‑kÀ¨‑v s‑N¿‑m³. _‑m¡‑n K‑qK‑nÄ Iï‑p]‑nS‑n¨‑p Xc‑p‑w. *H¶s‑æ‑n as‑ä‑m¶‑nt‑\¡‑pd‑n¨‑pÅ ^e§Ä Xc‑m³ he‑nb£c¯‑n OR CS¡‑p t‑NÀ¯‑v K‑qK‑nf‑n\‑v \‑nÀt‑±i‑w \ ÂI‑m‑w. innova OR verito F¶‑v s‑kÀ¨‑v t‑_‑mI‑vk‑n s‑s‑S¸‑v s‑Nb‑vX‑v s‑kÀ¨‑v s‑I‑mS‑p¯‑m s‑S‑mt‑b‑m«b‑ps‑S Ct‑¶‑mht‑b¡‑pd‑n¨‑pÅt‑X‑m al‑o{‑µ s‑hc‑nt‑ä‑ms‑b¡‑pd‑n¨‑pÅt‑X‑m Bb ^e§Ä e`‑n¡‑p‑w CS¡‑v OR CÃ‑ms‑Xb‑mW‑v s‑kÀ¨‑v s‑N¿‑p¶s‑X¦‑n k‑m[‑mcWt‑]‑ms‑e cï‑p I‑ot‑hU‑pIf‑pa‑pÅ t‑]P‑pIt‑f K‑qK‑nÄ Is‑ï¯‑q. OR \‑p ]Ic‑w ‑"|' F¶ N‑nÓ‑w t‑NÀ¯‑me‑p‑w aX‑n. innova | Verito C§s‑\. H¶‑nt‑es‑d G{]nð þ sabv 2013

(24) ]Z§f‑ps‑ï¦‑n “mahindra scorpio" OR "maruti sx4”

where is niagara falls

F¶t‑]‑ms‑e I‑zt‑«j³ D] t‑b‑mK‑n¡W‑w. innova | Verito | maruti F¶‑pa‑mh‑m‑w. * C\‑n k‑m‑wkM‑v K‑y‑meI‑vk‑n F¶ t‑^‑mW‑ns‑â 10000 c‑q]¡‑p‑w 20000 c‑q]¡‑p‑w CSb‑ne‑pÅ t‑a‑mUe‑pIt‑f¡‑pd‑n¨‑mW‑v Ad‑nt‑bïs‑X¦‑n samsung galaxy price rs 10000..20000 F¶‑p s‑kÀ¨‑v s‑Nb‑vX‑m aX‑n. A¡§f‑ps‑S CS¡‑v cï‑v t‑U‑m«‑pIf‑nS‑pt‑¼‑mÄ CS¡‑v k‑vt‑]k‑v hc‑ms‑X t‑\‑m¡W‑w. FÃ‑m \¼d‑pIÄ¡‑nS-b‑n-e‑p-a‑pÅ ^e§Ä e`‑n¡‑m\‑p‑w C§s‑\ s‑Nb‑vX‑m aX‑n.

C\‑n BZ‑y‑w a‑pX Hc‑p \‑nÝ‑nX kab‑w hs‑cb‑pÅ ^e§f‑mW‑v t‑hïs‑X¦‑n X‑pS¡¯‑ns‑e A¡‑w t‑NÀ¡Ws‑a¶‑nÃ. AX‑mbX‑v 2000 hs‑cb‑pÅ t‑e‑mII¸‑v h‑nPb‑nIt‑f¡‑pd‑n¨‑v Ad‑nb‑p¶X‑n\‑v world cup winners ..2000 F¶‑v s‑kÀ¨‑v s‑Nb‑vX‑m aX‑n.

b‑q«‑ne‑nä‑nIÄ s‑h_‑vs‑s‑kä‑pIÄ s‑kÀ¨‑v s‑N¿‑m\‑pÅ k‑m[‑mcW s‑kÀ¨‑v F³P‑n\‑mb‑n a‑m{‑X‑w K‑qK‑nf‑ns‑\ I‑mWc‑pX‑v. \½‑ps‑S GX‑v t‑N‑mZ‑y¯‑n\‑p‑w D¯c‑w Xc‑p¶b‑mf‑mW‑v K‑qK‑ns‑f¶‑v ]dªX‑v s‑hd‑pt‑XbÃ. K‑qK‑nÄ U‑n£‑vWd‑nb‑p‑w I‑m¡‑pt‑eäd‑p‑w Id³k‑n I¬t‑h«d‑ps‑a‑ms‑¡b‑mW‑v. * s‑U^\‑nj³/U‑n£‑vWd‑n Ad‑nb‑m¯ Hc‑p h‑m¡‑v F´‑ms‑W¶‑v K‑qK‑nf‑nt‑\‑mS‑v t‑N‑mZ‑n¨‑m AX‑ns‑â AÀ°s‑a´‑ms‑W¶‑v h‑yàa‑m¡‑n¯c‑p‑w‑, H¸‑w AX‑v F§s‑\ D¨c‑n¡Ws‑a¶‑p‑w ]dª‑p Xc‑p‑w. AX‑n\‑v define:sudden death F¶‑p s‑kÀ¨‑v s‑Nb‑vX‑m Noun:A means of deciding the winner in a tied contest, in which play continues and the winner is the first side or player to score F¶ D¯ch‑p‑w

\a‑p¡‑v Ad‑nb‑m¯ AS‑nØ‑m\]ca‑mb I‑mc‑y§Ä t‑N‑mZ‑ya‑mb‑n t‑N‑mZ‑n¨‑me‑p‑w K‑qK‑nÄ ]dª‑pXc‑p‑w. DZ‑mlcW¯‑n\‑v capital of assam F¶‑p s‑s‑S¸‑v s‑Nb‑vX‑m Dispur F¶‑v he‑nb A£c¯‑n D¯c‑w e`‑n¡‑p‑w; H¸‑w k‑m[‑mcW s‑kÀ¨‑v d‑nkÄ«‑p‑w. where is niagara falls‑ F¶‑p t‑N‑mZ‑n¨‑m Niagara Falls, ON Canada F¶‑p a‑m{‑Xaà K‑qK‑nÄ a‑m¸‑n AX‑ns‑â Ø‑m\h‑p‑w I‑mW‑n¨‑p Xc‑p‑w.

G{]nð þ sabv 2013

I‑qS‑pX h‑nhc§Ä e`‑n¡‑m\‑pÅ e‑n¦‑p‑w H¸‑w CX‑pa‑mb‑n _Ôs‑¸« aä‑v D¯c§f‑p‑w e`‑n¡‑p‑w. define: F¶X‑n\‑p ]Ic‑w ‑what is sudden death Ft‑¶‑m sudden death meaning Ft‑¶‑m s‑kÀ¨‑v s‑Nb‑vX‑me‑p‑w aX‑n. s‑kÀ¨‑v t‑_‑mI‑vk‑n\‑p X‑ms‑g H‑mÄ d‑nkÄ«‑n \‑n¶‑p‑w U‑n£‑vWd‑n t‑kh\‑w e`‑n-¡‑p-s‑a¶‑p t‑\ct‑¯ ] d-ª‑p. ¢‑n¨‑p s‑Nb‑vX‑m t‑\c‑n«‑v K‑qK‑nf‑ns‑â U‑n£‑vWd‑n t‑kh\‑w e`‑n¡‑p‑w. Ah‑ns‑S ¢‑n¡‑p s‑Nb‑vX t‑ij‑w AÀ°ad‑nt‑bï h‑m¡‑v

(25)

s‑U^\‑nj³

I‑m¡‑pt‑eäÀ

a‑qh‑n s‑kÀ¨‑v

b‑qW‑nä‑v I¬t‑h«À

s‑kÀ¨‑v t‑_‑mI‑vk‑n s‑s‑S¸‑v s‑Nb‑vX‑v s‑kÀ¨‑v s‑Nb‑vX‑m aX‑n. * I‑m¡‑pt‑eäÀ IW¡‑pI‑q«‑m³ K‑qK‑nf‑n +‑,þ‑, *‑, /‑, F¶‑o N‑nÓ§f‑p]t‑b‑mK‑n¨‑v s‑kÀ¨‑v s‑I‑mS‑p¯‑m aX‑n. AX‑mbX‑v 10*3/5+21 F¶‑v s‑kÀ¨‑v s‑Nb‑vX‑m 27 F¶ D¯c‑w I‑n«‑p‑w. h‑niZa‑mb IW¡‑pI‑q«e‑n\‑v s‑X‑m«‑p X‑ms‑g Hc‑p s‑hÀN‑z I‑m¡‑pt‑eäd‑p‑w s‑Xf‑nªhc‑p‑w. * a‑qh‑n s‑kÀ¨‑v \½‑ps‑S AS‑p¯ \Kc¯‑n {‑]ZÀi‑n¸‑n¡‑p¶ k‑n\‑naIÄ Is‑ï¯‑m³ K‑qK‑nf‑n movie F¶‑p s‑s‑S¸‑v s‑Nb‑vX‑v Øe¯‑ns‑â t‑] c‑ps‑I‑mS‑p¯‑v s‑kÀ¨‑v s‑Nb‑vX‑m aX‑n. DZ‑mlcW‑w ‑movie kochi. s‑hd‑ps‑X ‑movie F¶‑p a‑m{‑X‑w \ ÂI‑nb‑m s‑kÀ¨‑v s‑N¿‑p¶ Øe‑w K‑qK‑nÄ Iï‑p]‑nS‑n¨‑v h‑nhc‑w Xc‑p‑w. H¸‑w K‑qK‑nÄ a‑m¸‑n k‑n\‑na‑mi‑meIf‑nt‑e¡‑pÅ hg‑nb‑p‑w I‑mW‑n¨‑p Xc‑p‑w. music kochi F¶‑mW‑v s‑kÀ¨‑v s‑N¿‑p¶s‑X¦‑n Ah‑nSs‑¯ k‑wK‑oXh‑pa‑mb‑n _Ôs‑¸«

Øe§f‑ps‑S h‑nhch‑p‑w a‑m¸‑p‑w e`‑n¡‑p‑w. * b‑qW‑nä‑v I¬t‑h«À t‑U‑mfd‑n \‑n¶‑v c‑q]b‑m¡‑n a‑mäWs‑a¦‑n 12$ in INR F¶‑v s‑kÀ¨‑v s‑Nb‑vX‑m aX‑n. 12 US

dollars = 635.0400 Indian rupese F¶‑v D¯c‑wI‑n«‑p‑w. 12km in miles

F¶‑p s‑kÀ¨‑v s‑Nb‑vX‑m Hc‑p s‑hÀN‑z I¬t‑h«d‑n 7.45645 F¶‑v e`‑n¡‑p‑w. AX‑pt‑]‑ms‑e 1.23 liter in milliliter F¶X‑n\‑v 1230 milliliter X‑pS§‑n AS‑nØ‑m\b‑qW‑nä‑pIs‑fÃ‑m‑w C§s‑\ as‑ä‑m¶‑nt‑e¡‑v a‑mä‑m‑w. * kabad‑nb‑m‑w t‑e‑mIs‑¯ GX‑v Øet‑¯b‑p‑w Ct‑¸‑mg‑pÅ kabw KqKnÄ D] tbmKn¨d‑nb‑m‑w. time kozhikode F¶‑p s‑kÀ¨‑v s‑Nb‑vX‑m 17:35

Monday (IST) - Time in Kozhikode, Kerala F¶‑v D¯c‑w I‑n«‑p‑w

*k‑qt‑cy‑ m‑ Zbh‑pw‑ k‑qc‑ym‑ k‑vXabh‑pw‑ Ad‑nb‑m³ sunrise kozhikode F¶‑v s‑kÀ¨‑v s‑Nb‑vX‑m 6:16 Tuesday

(IST) - Sunrise in Kozhikode, Kerala 12 hours 39 minutes from now F¶‑v I‑n«‑p‑w. sunset kozhikode

F¶‑ms‑W¦‑n 18:08 Monday (IST) - Sunset in Kozhikode, Kerala 30 minutes from now F¶‑p‑w

* P\k‑wJ‑ybd‑nb‑m³

population india F¶‑p s‑I‑mS‑p

¯‑m t‑e‑mI_‑m¦‑ns‑â IW¡\‑p kc‑n¨‑pÅ P\k‑wJ‑y {‑K‑m^‑v kl‑nX‑w I‑n«‑p‑w. I‑qS‑pX h‑nhc§fd‑nb‑m\‑pÅ e‑n¦‑v kl‑nX‑w. \Kc§f‑ns‑e h‑nhc §Ä¡‑v population mumbai india F¶‑n§s‑\ s‑kÀ¨‑v s‑Nb‑vX‑m aX‑n * h‑na‑m\ kabad‑nb‑m³ flights from kochi to new delhi

F¶‑p s‑kÀ¨‑v s‑Nb‑vX‑mÂaX‑n. h‑na‑m\ ¡¼\‑nb‑ps‑S t‑]c‑p‑w ^‑vs‑s‑fä‑ns‑â F®h‑p‑w kab¸«‑nIb‑paS¡‑w I‑qS‑pX h‑nhc§Ä e`‑n¡‑p‑w.

I‑qS‑pXed‑nb‑m³ ‑

www.google.co.in/help/features. html

(A-S‑p-¯ e-¡-¯‑n X‑p-S-c‑p‑w‑) amXr`qanbnð k_v FUnädmWv teJI³. teJIsâ Cþsabvð: biminith@gmail.com

G{]nð þ sabv 2013

(26)

More qualified journalists will not necessarily mean a better or ethical media

E

ver since he took over the chairmanship of the Press Council of India in October 2011, justice Markandey Katju has been in the news – not so much for reviving the virtually defunct Press Council but for airing his views on a range of subjects from politics to foreign policy to the media.

He was applauded for his intervention on the paid news phenomenon leading to an investigation that exposed the extent to which major media houses willingly sold editorial space to politicians. Yet he was criticised for his off-the-cuff and generalised remarks on the state of the media. The latest in his diatribe against the media is his suggestion that minimum qualifications be made mandatory for journalists just as they are for doctors and lawyers.

In principle, there is nothing wrong in this suggestion. In fact, the majority of mainstream media houses do insist on minimum qualifications, usually a university degree, and in some cases also a diploma in journalism. While some smaller newspapers might not insist on degrees and do recruit people without them, this is not the norm.

Also, many Indian language papers with district editions have enlisted stringers who are not trained journalists. But their inputs are processed by professionals. The advantage of having such stringers has become evident in the expansion of news coverage to areas that remained outside the purview of most media.

And then there are several small community newspapers and radio stations that have come up in the last decade serving the needs of their immediate community or region. These rural journalists, many of them women with only basic literacy skills, have learned how to report, interview and edit. If justice Katju’s recommendation of minimum qualifications were to be applied, none of this vibrant community media would exist.

There are several aspects of justice Katju’s recommendation that are problematic. For one, he is conflating the problem of a drop in standards in the media with the absence of educational qualifications in journalists. A major reason for fall in standards is the state of our institutes of higher education. Where once a basic university degree was considered an achievement, today it is barely enough for entrylevel jobs. Every profession is faced with the poor quality of learning in those who are products of the majority of our educational institutions. Merely raising the bar on minimum qualifications for any profession is no guarantee that the people recruited

G{]nð þ sabv 2013

will be better equipped for the job.

What is also forgotten is the absence today of mentoring or on-the-job training within media houses to the extent it prevailed in the past. This is important because apart from some basic book knowledge, journalism is a skill that can best be learned on the job. Today, in the highly competitive environment that prevails, this kind of training is largely absent in most media houses. As a result, journalists with paper degrees but without the necessary skill sets are expected to jump into the deep without knowing how to swim.

Another crucial reason for the fall in standards, particularly ethical standards, in the media is because of the change in media structures and ownership. With the media becoming a business rather than an institution meant to serve a larger social purpose in a democracy, such a fall in standards was inevitable. Today what sells is news.

Thus neither paid news nor the decision to black out news about large parts of the country is questioned, simply because questioning will not sell the product.

Producing saleable news does not require special qualifications barring subservience to the owners of the media house. Schools and colleges do not teach us this; the way society operates in India is the school where every professional learns how to fall in line and survive.

As for the falling standards of ethics in the media, the solution clearly does not lie in more educational qualifications. In every profession, including medicine and law, education does not act as a bar to corruption or unethical behaviour. Why should it be different in the case of journalists? Even if media ethics is taught as a subject, and indeed it is in most journalism courses, this will not necessarily produce journalists who cannot be bought.

Therefore, while justice Katju is right in castigating the media for its falling standards, his recommended remedy is off the mark. He needs to recognise that even the most highly qualified group of journalists can do little in a media industry where the bottom line takes precedence over quality and ethics. What we need are regulations to prevent media monopolies through cross-media ownership, ways to restrict commercial and political interests dictating media content as well as greater professionalism in the recruitment of journalists and their conditions at work.

EPW ‘s editorial; dated April 6

(27)

{^w hÀ½mPn, hn¯v eu

sI. Fð. taml\hÀ½

Fs‑â ]{‑X‑wþ s‑s‑a H‑m¬ \‑yqkv‑

am[ya§Ä \ðIpóXp XsóbmtWm P\§Ä¡p thïXv? hmb\¡mcpsS, t{]£Isâ ]£¯p \nóv \½psS ssZ\wZn\ am[yatemI¯neqsS ISópt]mhpIbmWv Cu ]wànbneqsS teJI³.

F

\‑n¡‑nj‑vS‑w If‑nIf‑p‑w \‑mSIh‑p‑w k‑n\‑nab‑p‑w BW‑v. ]{‑X h‑mb\ X‑pS§‑nb I‑me¯‑v R‑m\‑mZ‑y‑w At‑\‑zj‑n¨‑nc‑p¶X‑v Ch k‑w_Ô‑n¨ h‑mÀ¯If‑mb‑nc‑p¶‑p.

H¸‑w I‑uX‑pIh‑mÀ¯If‑p‑w.

Ahb‑p‑w R‑m³ t‑XS‑pa‑mb‑nc‑p¶‑p. ] s‑£ F\‑n¡‑v h‑mb‑n¡‑m\‑mb‑n ] {‑X¯‑ne‑pï‑mb‑nc‑p¶X‑v Ad‑p]X‑p iXa‑m\‑w s‑]‑mf‑nä‑nI‑vk‑p‑w t‑ij‑w acWh‑p‑w A]ISh‑p‑w b‑p²h‑p‑w ] ck‑yh‑p‑w h‑mb‑n¨‑m a\Ê‑ne‑mI‑m¯ K‑uchs‑a¶‑p t‑X‑m¶‑n¨ {‑]i‑v\§f‑ps‑S ]W‑vU‑nt‑X‑mN‑nX A]{‑KY\§f‑ps‑S a‑nI‑vk‑p‑w Bb‑nc‑p¶‑p. R‑m³ s‑as‑à R‑m\d‑nb‑ms‑X C¯c‑w h‑mÀ¯If‑ps‑S AS‑nab‑mb‑n.

C¶‑v R‑m³ h‑mb‑n¡‑p¶ h‑mÀ¯IÄ F\‑n¡‑mhi‑ya‑mt‑W‑m?

A¨S‑n¸{‑X§f‑p‑w s‑Se‑nh‑nj³ h‑mÀ¯‑mN‑m\e‑pIf‑p‑w h‑mÀ¯s‑b Ac‑n¨‑v \‑nb{‑´‑n¨‑v F\‑n¡‑v H‑m]‑vj³ CÃ‑ms‑X \ÂI‑p¶‑nSt‑¯‑mf‑w I‑me‑w R‑m³ Ahc‑ps‑S AS‑nab‑mW‑v.

Fs‑â h‑nÚ‑m\h‑p‑w h‑nt‑\‑mZh‑p‑w X‑oÀ¨s‑¸S‑p¯‑m³ F\‑n¡‑p ] c‑na‑nXa‑mb k‑uIc‑y‑w t‑]‑me‑p‑w I‑n«‑p¶‑nÃ.

C‑u ]{‑X§Ä¡‑v Fs‑¶ \‑nb{‑´‑n¡‑m³ k‑m[‑n¡‑p¶‑p.

Hc‑p kX‑y IY ]db‑m‑w.

Ak‑w_‑vf‑n s‑Xcs‑ªS‑p¸‑p {‑] NcW t‑I‑me‑mle‑w. Ahk‑m\s‑¯ Bg‑v¨. s‑Nd‑nb N´¡heb‑ne‑mW‑v a‑oä‑n‑wK‑v. Ø‑m\‑mÀ°‑n P\ k½X\‑p‑w P‑mX‑ns‑I‑mï‑p‑w {‑] hÀ¯\]‑mc¼c‑y‑w s‑I‑mï‑p‑w Ah‑ns‑S h‑nPbk‑m²‑yXb‑pÅ h‑yà‑nb‑mW‑v.

AX‑ps‑I‑mï‑v DZ‑vL‑mSI\‑mb‑n k‑z´‑w ]‑mÀ«‑nb‑ns‑e D¶X t‑\X‑m¡·‑mÀ¡‑p ]Ic‑w a‑p¶W‑nb‑ns‑e as‑ä‑mc‑p {‑] [‑m\ I£‑nb‑ps‑S Hc‑p t‑Ìä‑v t‑\ X‑mh‑ns‑\b‑mW‑v I‑n«‑nbX‑v. At‑±lh‑p‑w Ø‑m\‑mÀ°‑nb‑p‑w I‑qS‑n A¶‑v ]{‑´ï‑v {‑]N‑mcWt‑b‑mK§f‑n ]s‑¦S‑p¡W‑w. t‑\X‑mh‑v c‑q]¯‑ne‑p‑w `‑mh¯‑ne‑p‑w {‑] k‑wKs‑s‑ie‑nb‑ne‑p‑w Xt‑âX‑mb {‑] t‑X‑yIX h¨‑p ]‑peÀ¯‑p¶ hfs‑c t‑]‑m¸‑ped‑mb _l‑pa‑m\‑y\‑mW‑v. t‑\ cs‑¯ s‑jU‑y‑qÄ ¹‑m³ s‑Nb‑vX‑p.

H‑mt‑c‑m a‑oä‑n‑wK‑ne‑p‑w k‑z‑mKX‑w cï‑p a‑n\‑n«‑v. t‑\X‑mh‑v ]¯‑p a‑n\‑n«‑v. Ø‑m\‑mÀ°‑n A©‑p a‑n\‑n«‑v. ]‑ns‑¶ _‑m¡‑nb‑pÅhÀ k‑uIc‑y‑w t‑]‑ms‑e. Ø‑m\‑mÀ°‑nb‑ps‑S {‑]k‑wK‑w Ig‑nª‑m t‑\X‑mh‑p‑w k‑wLh‑p‑w AS‑p¯‑nSt‑¯¡‑v {‑]NcWP‑mYb‑ps‑S ]‑n¶‑ms‑e I‑md‑n \‑o§‑p‑w.

FÃ‑m‑w `‑wK‑nb‑mb‑n ]‑pt‑c‑mKa‑n¨‑p.

]s‑£ Bd‑mas‑¯ Øe¯‑v Hc‑p A]IS‑w k‑w`h‑n¨‑p. k‑z‑mKX{‑]‑mk‑wK‑nI³ b‑pht‑\ X‑mh‑mW‑v. \Ã h‑mK‑va‑nb‑mW‑v.

At‑±l¯‑n\‑v A]‑qÀha‑mt‑b C¯c‑w t‑hZ‑n e`‑n¡‑md‑pÅ‑p.

At‑±l‑w Ahkc‑w \¶‑mb‑n D] t‑b‑mK‑n¨‑p. t‑hZ‑nb‑ne‑p‑w kZÊ‑ne‑p‑w \‑n¶‑pbÀ¶ A{‑X \‑nÈ_‑vZaÃ‑m¯ FX‑nÀ¸‑pIs‑ft‑¸‑me‑p‑w AhKW‑n¨‑v At‑±l‑w k‑z‑mKX‑w ]X‑n\©‑p a‑n\‑n«‑v AX‑nK‑w`‑oca‑m¡‑n.

DZ‑vL‑mSI\‑mb t‑\X‑mh‑ns‑\ At‑±l‑w ]‑pIg‑v¯‑n ]‑pIg‑v¯‑n k‑wk‑vI‑rXh‑m¡‑pIf‑ps‑S k‑p\‑ma‑nb‑n Hg‑p¡‑n. t‑\X‑mh‑ns‑\ K‑mÔ‑nP‑nt‑b‑mS‑p‑w {‑i‑o\‑mc‑mbWK‑pc‑ph‑nt‑\‑mS‑p‑w D] a‑n¨‑p. t‑\X‑mh‑v Xs‑â h‑m¡‑pIÄ ]‑p©‑nc‑nt‑b‑ms‑S DÄs‑¡‑mÅ‑p¶X‑p Iït‑¸‑mÄ k‑z‑mKX{‑]‑mk‑wK‑nI\‑v Bt‑hi‑w I‑qS‑n. h‑n«‑nÃ. s‑]s‑«¶‑v hÅt‑¯‑mf‑ns‑â Fs‑â K‑pc‑p\‑mY³ At‑±l¯‑ns‑â \‑mh‑ns‑e¯‑n. t‑\ X‑mh‑ns‑\ t‑bi‑p{‑I‑nk‑vX‑ph‑nt‑\‑mS‑p‑w {‑i‑oI‑r-j‑vW`Kh‑mt‑\‑mS‑p‑w a‑pl½Z‑v \_‑nt‑b‑mS‑p‑w D]a‑n¨‑p. k‑z`‑mh¯‑n a‑m{‑XaÃ‑, c‑q]`‑wK‑nb‑ne‑p‑w At‑±l‑w Chc‑n s‑FI‑y‑w ZÀi‑n¨‑p.

Ahk‑m\‑w k‑z‑mKX‑w X‑oÀ¶t‑¸‑mÄ t‑\X‑mh‑p‑w Ø‑m\‑mÀ°‑nb‑p‑w k‑z‑mKX{‑]‑mk‑wK‑nI\‑v Bß‑mÀYa‑mb‑n \µ‑n ]dª‑v X§f‑ps‑S {‑]k‑wK‑w N‑pc‑p¡‑n a‑p{‑Z‑mh‑mI‑y‑w a‑pg¡‑n AS‑p¯b‑nSt‑¯¡‑v ]e‑mb\‑w s‑Nb‑vX‑p.

G{]nð þ sabv 2013

(28) C‑u a‑oä‑n‑wK‑v Hc‑p Xc¯‑ne‑p‑w Hc‑p t‑e‑m¡Â h‑mÀ¯ F¶ KW¯‑n t‑]‑me‑p‑w s‑]S‑p¯‑mh‑p¶X‑mb‑nc‑p¶‑nÃ.

C¯c‑w \‑me‑v]t‑X‑mf‑w t‑b‑mK§Ä B Z‑nhk‑w B \‑nt‑b‑mPIaW‑vUe¯‑n h‑nh‑n[ Ø‑m\‑mÀ°‑nIf‑pt‑SX‑mb‑n \ S¶‑nc‑p¶‑p. Hc‑p ]{‑Xh‑p‑w Ahs‑b K‑ucha‑mb‑n FS‑p¯‑nc‑p¶‑nÃ. N‑ne ] {‑X§f‑n t‑e‑m¡Â t‑]P‑n t‑]c‑n\‑v Hc‑p ]S‑w. P‑mY F¯‑nb Øe§f‑ps‑S t‑]c‑pIÄ. X‑oÀ¶‑p. ]s‑£ Hc‑p s‑Nd‑nb ] {‑X¯‑n k‑z´‑w t‑eJIt‑âX‑mb‑n C‑u a‑oä‑n‑wK‑ns‑â d‑nt‑¸‑mÀ«‑v P‑nÃ‑mFU‑nj\‑ns‑e t‑e‑m¡Â t‑] P‑n Hc‑p t‑I‑mf‑w h‑mÀ¯b‑mb‑n h¶‑p. AX‑ns‑e Xes‑¡«‑v BIÀjIa‑mb‑nc‑p¶‑p. t‑\X‑mh‑v {‑]h‑mN-It‑\‑m?

X‑ms‑g h‑mÀ¯b‑n k‑z‑mKX{‑]‑mk‑wK‑nIs‑â C‑u D] a a‑m{‑X‑w I‑m«‑n hk‑vX‑p \‑nj‑vTa‑mb `‑mjb‑n \‑me‑p hc‑n d‑nt‑¸‑mÀ«‑v.

Hc‑p h‑mb\¡‑mc\‑p‑w CX‑v {‑i²‑n¨‑nc‑n¡‑nÃ.

]s‑£ cï‑p Z‑nhk¯‑n\I‑w C‑u ]{‑Xh‑mÀ¯b‑ps‑S t‑^‑mt‑«‑m t‑I‑m¸‑nIÄ B \‑nt‑b‑mPIaW‑vUe¯‑ns‑e a‑n¡h‑md‑p‑w FÃ‑m a‑pÉ‑n‑w t‑Zh‑meb§f‑ne‑p‑w h‑nXcW‑w s‑N¿s‑¸«‑p. \‑me‑p Z‑nhk‑w Ig‑nª‑p \ S¶ t‑h‑ms‑«S‑p¸‑n h‑nPb‑n¡‑ps‑a¶‑v ]‑qÀ®a‑mb‑p‑w h‑ni‑zk‑n¨‑nc‑p¶ \½‑ps‑S k‑z‑mKX{‑]‑mk‑wK‑nIs‑â Ø‑m\‑mÀ°‑n t‑\c‑nb h‑yX‑y‑mk¯‑n t‑X‑mä‑p.

CX‑n Fh‑ns‑Sb‑mW‑v s‑Xä‑v? h‑mÀ¯ ic‑nb‑mW‑v. ]s‑£ AX‑n\‑v h‑mÀ¯ F¶ \‑neb‑n C³{‑S‑n³k‑n¡‑v hÀ¯‑v Dt‑ï‑m?

Hc‑p k‑z‑mKX{‑]‑mk‑wK‑nI³ X‑m³ t‑]‑me‑p‑w h‑ni‑zk‑n¡‑m¯ h‑m¡‑pIÄ Bt‑hi¯‑n ]dªX‑ns‑\ P\‑m[‑n] X‑y{‑]{‑I‑nbb‑ns‑e C´‑y³ t‑kt‑¡b‑n Hc‑p ià‑nb‑pÅ Bb‑p[a‑m¡‑n a‑mä‑m³ k‑uIc‑y‑w Dï‑m¡‑nbX‑v ic‑nb‑mt‑W‑m? {‑]t‑X‑yI‑n¨‑p‑w t‑Icf‑w t‑]‑ms‑e k‑m£cXb‑p‑w P‑mX‑naXN‑n´If‑p‑w Ht‑c kab‑w iàa‑mb‑nc‑n¡‑p¶ ka‑ql¯‑n Hc‑p ]{‑X{‑]hÀ¯I³

Xs‑â h‑nt‑hN\‑m[‑nI‑mc‑w D] t‑b‑mK‑n¡‑m³ _‑m²‑yØ\t‑Ã? F¦‑n F{‑Xt‑¯‑mf‑w?

F\‑n¡‑v Fs‑â h‑mÀ¯IÄ a‑m{‑X‑w e`‑n¡‑p¶ Hc‑p a‑m²‑yat‑e‑mI‑w Ak‑w`‑mh‑yaÃ. hc‑p‑wI‑me¯‑v.

R‑m³ Ft‑âX‑mb ]{‑X‑w k‑rj‑vS‑n¡‑p¶‑p. kl{‑kt‑I‑mS‑n h‑mÀ¯If‑n \‑n¶‑v F\‑n¡‑p t‑hïX‑v X‑ms‑\ t‑{‑I‑mU‑oIc‑n¡s‑¸S‑p¶‑p. ]{‑X‑w Ft‑âX‑mW‑v. ]s‑£ C¶‑v ]{‑X‑w Ft‑âXÃ. s‑SI‑vt‑\‑mfP‑n Ah‑nt‑Sb‑v¡‑v F¯‑pt‑¼‑mÄ a‑m{‑Xt‑a ]{‑X‑w ic‑n¡‑p‑w Ft‑âX‑mI‑q. If‑nIf‑p‑w \‑mSIh‑p‑w k‑n\‑nab‑p‑w I‑uX‑pIh‑mÀ¯If‑p‑w \‑ndª Fs‑â ]{‑X‑w. t\mhenÌpw ho£Ww ap³ No^v FUnädpamWv teJI³. teJIsâ Cþsabvð: varma.klmohana@gmail.com

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G{]nð þ sabv 2013

(29)

ap³t] ]dóhÀ

]n. kpPm-X³

P‑oh‑nX‑w Fó a[‑p-N-jI‑w

]{X{]hÀ¯Isâ XqenIbv¡v, Iymad¡®n\v temIs¯ amän adn¡m\pÅ Ignhpïv. hmÀ¯bpsS temI¯v AÛpX§Ä krãn¨ temIam[yacwKs¯ A¯cw AXpeycmb {]Xn`Isf ]cnNbs¸Sp¯pó ]wàn.

]

©‑m_‑n Fg‑p-¯‑p-I‑mc‑n Aa‑rX‑m {‑]‑oX‑w Bß-I-Y-s‑b-g‑p-X‑m³ X‑oc‑p-a‑m-\‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑mï‑v {‑]ik‑vX ] {‑X-{‑]-hÀ¯-I³ J‑pi‑vh´‑v k‑n‑wK‑ns‑\ Iï‑p. Xs‑â P‑oh-N-c‑n-{‑X-{‑K-Ù-¯‑n\‑v DN‑n-X-a‑mb Hc‑p t‑]c‑v \‑nÀt‑±-i‑n-¡‑m³ AhÀ k‑n‑wK‑n-t‑\‑mS‑v A`‑yÀ°‑n-¨‑p. Hc‑p \‑na‑nj‑w s‑s‑hI‑ms‑X kÀZ‑mÀP‑n-b‑ps‑S ad‑p-]S‑n h¶‑p: "\‑n§-f‑ps‑S P‑oh‑n-X-IYt‑b‑m? AX‑v Hc‑p dh\‑y‑q Ì‑m¼‑ns‑â ad‑p-]‑p-d¯‑v Fg‑p-X‑m-\t‑à DÅ‑q.'

Aa‑rX‑m {‑]‑oX‑w F¶ h‑nJ‑y‑m-X-b‑mb k‑ml‑n-X‑y-I‑m-c‑n¡‑v he‑nb P‑oh‑n-X‑m\‑p-`-h-§Ä H¶‑p‑w Cs‑ö‑p‑w DÅX‑v Hc‑p NX‑p-c{‑i s‑kâ‑o-a‑o-äÀ he‑n-¸-a‑pÅ dh\‑y‑q Ì‑m¼‑ns‑â Hc‑p ]‑pd¯‑v Fg‑pX‑n-b‑m X‑oc‑p-s‑a¶‑p‑w If‑n-b‑m-¡‑p-I-b‑mb‑n-c‑p¶‑p J‑pi‑vh´‑v k‑n‑wK‑v. F¶‑m a‑mU‑w {‑]‑oX‑w h‑n«‑p-s‑I‑m-S‑p-¡‑pt‑a‑m?

AhÀ Xs‑â Bß-IY‑m {‑KÙ-¯‑n\‑v "dh\‑y‑q Ì‑m¼‑v‑' F¶‑v t‑]c‑n-«‑p-s‑I‑mï‑v J‑pi‑vh´‑v k‑n‑wK‑n-t‑\‑m-S‑pÅ IS-¸‑mS‑v AX‑n t‑cJ-s‑¸-S‑p¯‑n ]Ic‑w h‑o«‑n.

C‑u k‑ml‑nX‑y k‑w`-h-¯‑n J‑pi‑vh´‑v k‑n‑wK‑v F¶ ]{‑X-{‑]-hÀ¯I-s‑âb‑p‑w Fg‑p-¯‑p-I‑m-c-s‑âb‑p‑w k‑z`‑mh h‑nt‑i-j-§-s‑fÃ‑m‑w AS-§‑n-b‑n-«‑p-s‑ï¶‑v R‑m³ Ic‑p-X‑p-¶‑p. s‑X‑m®‑q-s‑ä«‑m‑w hb-Ê‑ne‑p‑w P‑oh‑nX‑w \À½-a-[‑p-c-a‑mb Hc‑p ]‑m{‑X‑w h‑oª‑mW‑v At‑±-l-¯‑n\‑v. At‑±-l-¯‑ns‑â k‑pZ‑oÀL-a‑mb P‑oh‑n-X-¯‑ns‑â cl-k‑yh‑p‑w Hc‑p-] t‑£ AX‑p Xs‑¶-b‑m-I‑m‑w. GX‑p Kl\-a‑mb I‑mc‑yh‑p‑w \À½‑w IeÀ¯‑n \‑nX‑y-P‑o-h‑n-X‑m-\‑p-`-h-§-t‑f‑mS‑p t‑NÀ¯‑ph-b‑v¡‑m³ Ak‑m-[‑m-c-W-a‑mb Hc‑p Ig‑nh‑v J‑pi‑vh´‑v k‑n‑wK‑n\‑v Dï‑v. ] {‑X-{‑]-hÀ¯-I\‑p‑w Fg‑p-¯‑p-I‑m-c\‑p‑w F¶ \‑ne-b‑n J‑pi‑vh´‑v k‑n‑wK‑ns‑â h‑nPb‑w AX‑m-W‑v. t‑Ic-f-¯‑n 1971 G{]nð þ sabv 2013

(30)  At‑±l‑w h¶‑p-t‑]‑m-b-X‑n-s‑\-¸ä‑n Cek‑v{‑S-äU‑v h‑o¡‑n-e‑n-b‑n Fg‑p-X‑nb Hc‑p s‑Nd‑p t‑eJ\‑w Xs‑¶ t‑\‑m¡‑p-I. s‑I‑mÃ‑w t‑_‑m«‑v s‑P«‑n-b‑n \‑n¶‑v IS-]‑pg-b‑v¡‑pÅ t‑_‑m«‑n Ibd‑n Aj‑vS-a‑pS‑n I‑mb-e‑n-e‑qs‑S IÃ-S-b‑md‑p IS-¶‑p-t‑]‑mI‑p¶ Pe-b‑m-{‑X‑m-\‑p-`h‑w h‑nh-c‑n-¡‑pt‑¼‑mÄ ae-b‑m-f‑n-b‑mb At‑a-c‑n-¡³ i‑mk‑v{‑X-Ú³ C.-k‑n.P‑n k‑pZÀis‑\ A\‑p-k‑va-c‑n-¡‑p¶‑p J‑pi‑vh´‑v k‑n‑wK‑v.

BÂ_À«‑v s‑F³Ì-b‑ns‑â {‑]I‑mi-t‑hK‑w Ø‑nc-a‑m-s‑W¶ h‑nJ‑y‑mX-a‑mb k‑n²‑m´‑w b‑pà‑n-]‑qÀÆ‑w k‑pZÀi³ t‑N‑mZ‑y‑w s‑N¿‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v. {‑] I‑m-i-I-W-§Ä Xc‑w-K-§-f‑mb‑n t‑\ Àt‑c-J-b‑n k©-c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. AX‑ne‑p‑w t‑hK-X-t‑b-d‑nb as‑ä‑mc‑p hk‑vX‑p Cs‑ö‑mW‑v s‑F³Ì-b‑n³ ]d-b‑p-¶-X‑v. k‑pZÀi³ AX‑v \‑nc‑m-I-c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. Hc‑p Xc‑wK‑w Dï‑m-I-W-s‑a-¦‑n AX‑ne‑p‑w t‑hKXb‑pÅ as‑ä‑m¶‑v k©-c‑n-¨‑n-c‑n-¡W‑w. At‑¸‑mÄ {‑]I‑m-i-t‑hK‑w "b‑qW‑nt‑h-g‑vk t‑I‑m¬Ìâ‑v‑' Bs‑W¶‑v F§s‑\ ]db‑p‑w? t‑U‑mI‑vSÀ k‑pZÀis‑â S‑m¡‑n-t‑b‑m¬ k‑n²‑m´s‑¯ ]‑n´‑m-§‑n-s‑¡‑mï‑v J‑pi‑vh´‑v k‑n‑wK‑v Fg‑p-X‑n. "IÃ-S-b‑m-d‑ns‑e \‑nÝe Pe‑m-i-bs‑¯ I‑od‑n-a‑p-d‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑mï‑v b‑m{‑X‑m-t‑_‑m«‑v t‑hK-¯‑n \‑o§‑p-I-b‑mW‑v. Cc‑p-I-c-I-f‑n-e‑p-a‑pÅ at‑\‑m-l-c-a‑mb I‑mg‑vN-I-t‑f-¡‑mÄ Fs‑¶ BIÀj‑n-¨X‑v H‑mS‑p¶ t‑_‑m«‑v k‑rj‑vS‑n-¡‑p¶ X‑nc-a‑me-I-f‑m-W‑v. \‑pcb‑p‑w ]Xb‑p‑w IeÀ¶ Pe-X-c‑w-K-§Ä. Ah-b‑ps‑S k©‑mc-t‑h-K-t‑¯-¡‑mÄ he‑p-X‑mW‑v Ahb‑p-ï‑m-I‑m³ I‑mc-W-a‑mb t‑_‑m«‑ns‑â t‑hK-X. AX‑n-\‑m t‑U‑mI‑vSÀ C.-k‑n.P‑n k‑pZÀis‑â S‑m¡‑n-t‑b‑m¬ k‑n²‑m´‑w i‑mk‑v{‑X‑ob b‑pà‑n-b‑p-Å-X‑m-W‑v.

F¶‑m BÂ_À«‑v s‑F³Ì-b‑n\‑v s‑Xä‑n-t‑¸‑mb‑n F¶‑v C´‑y-¡‑m-c-\‑mb Hc‑mÄ F{‑X D¨-¯‑n ]d-ª‑me‑p‑w ] S‑n-ª‑m-d³ t‑e‑mI‑w AX‑p t‑IÄ¡‑m³ t‑]‑mI‑p-¶‑n-Ã.‑' Aj‑vS-a‑p-S‑n-I‑m-be‑p‑w IÃS-b‑md‑p‑w IS¶‑v t‑e‑mI‑w A\‑y‑q-\-s‑a¶‑p Ic‑p-X‑p¶ Hc‑p i‑mk‑v{‑X-k‑n-²‑m-´¯‑ns‑â aÀ½¯‑v s‑X‑mS‑p¶‑p J‑pi‑vh´‑v k‑n‑wK‑v. t‑Ic-f-¯‑n h¶-t‑¸‑mÄ ae-b‑m-f‑n-b‑mb {‑]ik‑vX `‑uX‑n-I-i‑mk‑v{‑X-Ús‑\ At‑±l‑w H‑mÀ¡‑p¶‑p.

C¯c‑w Pe-b‑m-{‑X-IÄ i‑oe-a‑p-Å-X‑ps‑I‑m-ï‑mW‑v k‑pZÀi\‑v s‑F³Ì-b‑ns‑\ t‑N‑mZ‑y‑w s‑N¿‑m³ Ic‑p-¯‑p-ï‑m-bs‑X¶‑p‑w J‑pi‑vh´‑v k‑n‑wK‑v ]d-b‑p-¶‑p.

A´‑m-c‑mj‑v{‑S k¦‑p-N‑n-X-t‑_‑m-[h‑p‑w ]£-]‑m-X-§f‑p‑w i‑mk‑v{‑X-h‑n-I‑m-k¯‑n\‑v h‑ne-§‑p-X-S‑n-b‑m-s‑W¶‑v k‑qN‑n¸‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. Hc‑p ]{‑X-{‑]-hÀ¯-Is‑â {‑] X‑n-h‑m-c-¡‑p-d‑n-¸‑n C§-s‑\‑m-s‑¡-b‑pÅ he‑nb Bi-b-§Ä N‑pc‑p-¡-a‑m-b‑nt‑« G{]nð þ sabv 2013

I‑mW‑m-d‑p-Å‑q. J‑pi‑vh´‑v k‑n‑wK‑ns‑â at‑\‑m-`‑m-h-¯‑ns‑â kh‑n-t‑i-j-X-b‑m At‑±-l-¯‑ns‑â cN-\-IÄs‑¡Ã‑m‑w ^e‑nX‑w IeÀ¶ k‑q£‑va-Xb‑p‑w Kl-\-Xb‑p‑w Dï‑v. Hc‑n-¡Â UÂl‑nb‑ns‑e Hc‑p _l‑p-\‑ne s‑I«‑n-S-¯‑ns‑â e‑n^‑vä‑n I‑pS‑p-§‑n-t‑¸‑mb J‑pi‑vh´‑v k‑n‑wK‑v t‑\c‑w t‑]‑m¡‑n-\‑mb‑n e‑n^‑vä‑v H‑m¸-t‑d-ä-t‑d‑mS‑v I‑pie‑w ]d-ª‑p. k‑w`‑m-j-W-¯‑n-\‑n-S-b‑n e‑n^‑vä‑v t‑_‑mb‑n-b‑ps‑S ]‑qÀh‑n-IÀ K‑wK‑m-\-Z‑nb‑ns‑e IS-¯‑p-t‑P‑m-e‑n-¡‑m-c‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p F¶‑v a\Ê‑n-e‑m-¡‑n. A§s‑\ s‑X‑mg‑n-

e‑n ]‑mc-¼-c‑y-¯‑ns‑â k‑z‑m[‑o-\h‑p‑w Ah-Ø‑m-h‑n-t‑i-j-§f‑p‑w ck-I-c-a‑mb‑n N‑n{‑X‑o-I-c‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑mï‑v k‑pµ-c-a‑mb Hc‑p t‑eJ\‑w Fg‑p-X‑n. ]{‑X-{‑]-hÀ¯-I-\‑mb J‑pi‑vh´‑v k‑n‑wK‑v t‑]‑mc‑m-f‑n-b-Ã; t‑Xc‑m-f‑nb‑p‑w AÃ. ]gb ]©‑m-_‑ns‑e lZ‑m-e‑n-b‑n-e‑mW‑v At‑±l‑w P\‑n-¨-X‑v. C¶‑v B Øe‑w ]‑mI‑n-Ø‑m-\‑n-e‑m-W‑v. {‑]a‑pJ \‑nÀ½‑mX‑mh‑p‑w Ic‑m-d‑p-I‑m-c-\‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶ kÀ t‑i‑m`‑m-k‑n‑w-K‑ns‑â aI³ F¶ \‑neb‑n k‑u`‑m-K‑y-I-c-a‑mb _‑me‑y-I‑ua‑mc I‑me‑w. \‑y‑qUÂl‑n‑, e‑mt‑l‑mÀ‑,

(31) eï³ F¶‑n-h‑n-S-§-f‑ns‑e {‑]ik‑vX h‑nZ‑y‑m-e-b-§-f‑n ]T‑n-¨‑p. al‑m-ßP‑nt‑b‑m D¸‑p-k-X‑y‑m-{‑K-lt‑a‑m t‑Zi‑ob k‑z‑mX{‑´‑y kc-a-t‑I‑m-e‑m-l-e-§t‑f‑m b‑ph‑m-h‑mb J‑pi‑vh´‑ns‑\ Ae-«‑n-b‑n-Ã. ]©‑m-_‑n‑, Dd‑pZ‑p Ih‑n-X-I-f‑n a\Ê‑v AÀ¸‑n¨ J‑pi‑vh´‑v k‑n‑wK‑v eï³ ] T-\-I‑m-e¯‑v h‑n.-s‑I.-I‑r-j‑vW-t‑a-t‑\‑ms‑â {‑]k‑w-K-§-f‑n BI‑r-j‑vS-\‑m-b‑n. Bc‑m[\ a‑q¯‑v t‑at‑\‑ms‑â s‑k{‑I-«-d‑n-b‑m-b‑n AS‑p-¯‑p-I‑q-S‑n. F¶‑m Cc‑p-h-s‑cb‑p‑w a‑m\-k‑n-I-a‑mb‑n AI-ä‑p¶ Aa‑qÀ¯a‑mb Ft‑´‑m-`‑m-h-§Ä AhÀ¡‑n-S-b‑n Dï‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. t‑at‑\‑ms‑â I‑p{‑]-k‑n²-a‑mb Al‑w-`‑m-h-a‑m-I‑m‑w. J‑pi‑vh´‑v k‑n‑wK‑ns‑â I‑pi‑p¼‑v BI‑m‑w. Aa‑n-X‑m-c‑m[-\-b‑ps‑S a\‑x-È‑m-k‑v{‑X-]-c-a‑mb X‑nc‑n-¨S‑n-b‑m-I‑m‑w‑, I‑rj‑vW-t‑a-t‑\‑m-s‑\-¡‑p-d‑n¨‑v J‑pi‑vh´‑v k‑n‑wK‑v Fg‑p-X‑nb h‑m¡‑pIÄ¡‑v ]c‑n-i‑p-²‑n-b‑n-Ã. \‑nba‑w ]T‑n¨ J‑pi‑vh´‑v k‑n‑wK‑v A`‑n-`‑m-jI h‑r¯‑n-t‑b-¡‑mÄ Cj‑vSs‑¸-«X‑v ]{‑X-{‑]-hÀ¯-\-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶‑p. kÀ¡‑mÀ {‑]k‑n-²‑o-I-c-W-a‑mb "t‑b‑mP\‑' FU‑nä‑v s‑Nb‑vX‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑m-b‑nc‑p¶‑p X‑pS-¡‑w. Ce-k‑vt‑{‑S-äU‑v h‑o¡‑ne‑n H‑m^‑v C´‑y‑, \‑mj-W s‑ld‑mÄU‑v‑, l‑nµ‑p-Ø‑m³ s‑s‑S‑wk‑v F¶‑n-h-b‑ps‑S FU‑n-äÀ F¶ \‑ne-b‑n ]{‑X-§-f‑ps‑S h‑mb-\-£-aX hÀ²‑n-¸‑n-¡‑m³ At‑±l‑w {‑i²‑n-¨‑p. ]‑n¶‑oS‑v {‑]k‑n-²‑o-I-cW‑w \‑ne-¨‑p-t‑]‑mb Ce-k‑vt‑{‑S-äU‑v h‑o¡‑ne‑n-b‑ps‑S ]{‑X‑m-[‑n-]X‑y‑w At‑±-ls‑¯ Gs‑d {‑]i-k‑vX-\‑m-¡‑n. F‑w.-h‑n.-I-½¯‑n \‑n¶‑v h‑o¡‑n-e‑n-b‑ps‑S N‑pa-Xe J‑pi‑vh´‑v k‑n‑wK‑n F¯‑n-b-t‑X‑ms‑S AX‑ns‑â c‑q]h‑p‑w DÅ-S-¡h‑p‑w ka‑q-e‑w a‑md‑n. h‑o¡‑n-e‑n-b‑ps‑S IhÀ t‑Ì‑md‑n-IÄ c‑mP‑y¯‑v DÄ¡‑n-S‑ne‑w Dï‑m-¡‑p-¶h-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. AX‑ns‑â k‑z‑m[‑o\‑w ka‑q-l-¯‑n \·b‑p‑w X‑n·b‑p‑w k‑rj‑vS‑n-¨‑p. k‑n‑wK‑v h‑o¡‑n-e‑n-b‑ps‑S N‑pa-Xe Gä-t‑ij‑w BZ‑y‑w h¶ {‑] [‑m-\-s‑¸« ^‑o¨-d‑p-I-f‑n-s‑e‑m¶‑v ]©‑m_‑v k‑wØ‑m-\-¯‑ns‑â \‑m\‑m-X-c-¯‑n-e‑pÅ a‑mä-§s‑f¡‑pd‑n-¨‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. C´‑yb‑ns‑e s‑Nd‑nb k‑wØ‑m-\-§-f‑n-s‑e‑m-¶‑v.

F¶‑m I‑mÀj‑nI c‑wK¯‑p‑w s‑Nd‑pI‑nS h‑yh-k‑mb c‑wK¯‑p‑w ]©‑m_‑v c‑mP‑y-¯‑n-\‑ms‑I a‑mX‑r-I-b‑mb‑n hfc‑p¶‑p. k‑zX{‑´ C´‑y-b‑ns‑e Gäh‑p‑w a‑nI¨ k‑m¼-¯‑nI hfÀ¨‑m-a‑m-X‑rI ]©‑m-_‑n-t‑â-X‑m-s‑W¶‑v Ø‑nX‑n-h‑n-hc-¡-W-¡‑p-IÄ D²-c‑n¨‑v J‑pi‑vh´‑v k‑n‑wK‑v Ø‑m]‑n-¨‑p. Bk‑q-{‑XW h‑nZK‑v²-·‑m-c‑ps‑S I®‑p-X‑p-d-¸‑n¨ d‑nt‑¸‑mÀ«‑mb‑n-c‑p¶‑p Ah. C´‑y-b‑ps‑S i{‑X‑p-¡-f‑ps‑Sb‑p‑w I®‑p-X‑p-d-¸‑n¨ B ]©‑m_‑v t‑Ì‑md‑n ]‑pd-¯‑p-h¶‑v Hc‑p s‑I‑mÃ-¯‑n\‑p-Å‑n h‑nL-S-\-h‑mZ‑w Xe-s‑]‑m-¡‑n.

Je‑n-Ø‑m³ `‑oI-c-h‑m-Z-{‑]-Ø‑m\‑w ] X‑n-\©‑v hÀj-¡‑me‑w ]©‑m-_‑ns‑\ N‑ps‑«-c‑n-¨‑p. s‑I‑me-]‑m-X-Ih‑p‑w s‑hS‑ns‑h¸‑p‑w k‑vt‑^‑mS-\h‑p‑w Hg‑nª Z‑n\§Ä Dï‑m-b‑n-Ã. ]©‑m-_‑ns‑e {‑K‑ma§f‑p‑w \K-c-§f‑p‑w `‑oI-c-h‑m-Z-¯‑n h‑nd-s‑I‑m-ï‑p. k‑n¡‑p-aX h‑ni‑z‑m-k‑n-I-

f‑ps‑S Bß‑ob t‑I{‑µ-a‑mb k‑phÀ®t‑£-{‑X-¯‑n s‑hS‑n-t‑¡‑m-¸‑p-IÄ Hf‑n-¸‑n¨‑v X‑o{‑h-h‑m-Z‑n-IÄ I‑q«-t‑¯‑ms‑S I‑pS‑n-t‑b-d‑n. t‑I{‑µ-kÀ¡‑mÀ Je‑n-Ø‑m³ `‑oI-c-{‑]-hÀ¯\‑w s‑I‑mï‑p hi‑w s‑I«‑p. Z‑nh-kh‑p‑w Uk³ IW-¡‑n\‑v A{‑I-a-§Ä‑, s‑I‑me-]‑m-X-I-§Ä.

]{‑X-{‑]-hÀ¯-I-\‑mb J‑pi‑vh´‑v k‑n‑wK‑v t‑]‑mc‑m-f‑n-b-Ã; t‑Xc‑m-f‑nb‑p‑w AÃ. ]gb ]©‑m-_‑ns‑e lZ‑m-e‑n-b‑n-e‑mW‑v At‑±l‑w P\‑n-¨-X‑v. C¶‑v B Øe‑w ]‑mI‑n-Ø‑m-\‑n-e‑m-W‑v. {‑]a‑pJ \‑nÀ½‑m-X‑mh‑p‑w Ic‑m-d‑p-I‑m-c\‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p¶ kÀ t‑i‑m`‑m-k‑n‑w-K‑ns‑â aI³ F¶ \‑ne-b‑n k‑u`‑mK‑y-I-c-a‑mb _‑me‑y-I‑u-a‑mc I‑me‑w. \‑y‑qUÂl‑n‑, e‑mt‑l‑mÀ‑, eï³ F¶‑n-h‑n-S-§-f‑ns‑e {‑]ik‑vX h‑nZ‑y‑m-e-b-§-f‑n ]T‑n-¨‑p. al‑m-ß-P‑n t‑b‑m D¸‑p-k-X‑y‑m-{‑K-lt‑a‑m t‑Zi‑ob k‑z‑mX{‑´‑y kc-a-t‑I‑m-e‑m-l-e§t‑f‑m b‑ph‑m-h‑mb J‑pi‑vh´‑ns‑\ Ae-«‑n-b‑n-Ã.

G{]nð þ sabv 2013

(32) c‑mj‑v{‑S‑ob ]c‑n-l‑mc‑w hg‑n-a‑p-«‑nbt‑¸‑mÄ Cµ‑n-c‑m-K‑mÔ‑n kÀ¡‑mÀ k‑phÀ®t‑£-{‑X-¯‑n Hf‑n¨ `‑oI-c-{‑]-hÀ¯Is‑c ]«‑m-fs‑¯ Cd¡‑n hI-h-c‑p-¯‑n. `‑oI-c-c‑ps‑S t‑\X‑mh‑v k´‑vPÀW-b‑n k‑n‑wK‑v `‑n{‑µ³ h‑me AS¡‑w {‑][‑m-\‑n-Is‑fÃ‑m‑w s‑I‑mÃ-s‑¸-«‑p. ]©‑m-_‑n-s‑âb‑p‑w C´‑y-b‑p-s‑Sb‑p‑w Nc‑n-{‑X-¯‑n cà-¸‑mS‑v k‑rj‑vS‑n¨ B k‑w`-h-¯‑ns‑â Z‑pc-´]-c‑y-h-k‑m\‑w {‑][‑m-\-a{‑´‑n Cµ‑n-c‑m-K‑mÔ‑n-b‑ps‑S h[h‑p‑w UÂl‑n-b‑n k‑n¡‑pI‑mÀs‑¡-X‑ns‑c \S¶ I‑q«-¡‑p-c‑p-X‑nb‑p‑w Bb‑n-c‑p-¶‑p.

"Z Ce-k‑v{‑S‑n-bk‑v FU‑n-äÀ H‑m^‑v Z Ce-k‑vt‑{‑S-äU‑v h‑o¡‑ne‑n H‑m^‑v C´‑y' F¶‑mW‑v J‑pi‑vh´‑v k‑n‑wK‑v Ad‑n-b-s‑¸«-X‑v. kÀÆ-t‑c‑mS‑p‑w ]I-t‑b‑ms‑S F¶ At‑±-l-¯‑ns‑â {‑]X‑n-h‑mc ]‑wà‑n-b‑ps‑S h‑mb\‑m ka‑ql‑w C´‑yb‑v¡‑p s‑hf‑nb‑ne‑p‑w ]SÀ¶‑p. {‑i‑oe-¦‑, ]‑mI‑n-Ø‑m³‑, _‑w¥‑m-t‑Zi‑v ]{‑X-§Ä a‑m{‑X-aà Bk‑vt‑{‑S-e‑n-b³ Z‑n\-¸-{‑X-§f‑p‑w B ]‑wà‑n k‑nï‑n-t‑¡ä‑v s‑Nb‑vX‑p. C´‑yb‑n ae-b‑mf‑w DÄs‑¸s‑S FÃ‑m {‑]‑mt‑Zi‑nI `‑mj-I-f‑ne‑p‑w J‑pi‑vh´‑v k‑n‑wK‑v Hc‑p Ce-I‑v{‑S‑nI‑v _Ä_‑n Ibd‑n Cc‑n¡‑p¶ a‑md‑nt‑b‑m a‑nd‑m-ï-b‑ps‑S N‑n{‑X‑oI-cW‑w kl‑n-X-a‑pÅ t‑I‑mf‑w ]c‑n-`‑mj

G{]nð þ sabv 2013

s‑Nb‑vX‑p {‑]k‑n-²‑o-I-c‑n-¨‑p. t‑Ic-f-¯‑n Z‑o]‑nI h‑mb-\-¡‑m-c‑mW‑v ae-b‑m-f¯‑n J‑pi‑vh´‑v k‑n‑wK‑ns‑\ Bk‑z-Z‑n¨-X‑v. At‑a-c‑n-¡-b‑ns‑e BÀ¨‑v _‑p¡‑v h‑mÄU‑nt‑\‑m AX‑n-t‑\-¡‑mÄ Gs‑dt‑b‑m h‑mb-\-¡‑m-c‑pÅ ]‑wà‑nI‑mc-\‑mb‑n

a‑md‑nb J‑pi‑vh´‑v k‑n‑wK‑v \‑y‑qUÂl‑nb‑n Gäh‑p‑w I‑qS‑p-X Bf‑p-IÄ kµÀi‑n-¡‑m³ Cj‑vS-s‑¸-S‑p¶ h‑yà‑nb‑m-W‑v. N‑pa¸‑p t‑I‑m«b‑p‑w I‑p¯_‑v a‑o\‑md‑p‑w P´À aµd‑p‑w Iï‑p-I-g‑nª‑v t‑I‑mW‑m«‑v s‑¹b‑n-k‑n-e‑qs‑S N‑pä‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ J‑m³ a‑mÀ¡-ä‑n-\-S‑p¯‑v k‑pP³k‑n‑wK‑v ]‑mÀ¡‑n s‑N¶‑v J‑pi‑vh´‑v k‑n‑wK‑ns‑\ I‑qS‑n I‑mW‑m³ h‑nZ‑y‑m-k-¼-¶c‑p‑w h‑mb\-¡‑m-c‑p-a‑mb Bc‑p‑w B{‑K-l‑n-¡‑p‑w. k‑z‑mX-{‑´‑y-¸‑p-e-c‑n¡‑p s‑X‑m«‑p a‑p¼‑v t‑i‑m`‑m-k‑n‑wK‑v (J‑pi‑vh´‑v k‑n‑wK‑ns‑â ]‑nX‑m-h‑v) \‑nÀ½‑n-¨-X‑mW‑v B `h\ ka‑p-¨-b‑w. k‑pP³ k‑n‑wK‑v F¶X‑v At‑±-l-¯‑ns‑â a‑p¯-Ñs‑â t‑]c‑m-W‑v.

Ce-k‑vt‑{‑S-äU‑v h‑o¡‑n-e‑n-b‑ps‑S {‑] N‑mc‑w Fg‑p-]-X‑p-I-f‑n \‑me-c-e£‑w {‑]X‑n-b‑mb‑n DbÀ¶-t‑¸‑mÄ J‑pi‑vh´‑v k‑n‑wK‑v ]{‑X‑m-[‑n-]-Ø‑m\‑w Hg‑n-ª‑p.

Ih‑n-If‑p‑w Fg‑p-¯‑p-I‑mc‑p‑w Bb ] ec‑p‑w ]‑n¶‑oS‑v h‑o¡‑n-e‑n-b‑ps‑S N‑pa-Xe Gs‑ä-S‑p¯‑p a‑pt‑¶‑m-«‑p-t‑]‑m-I‑m³ {‑ia‑ns‑¨-¦‑ne‑p‑w h‑nP-b‑n-¨‑n-Ã. IS‑p¯ aÕc‑w t‑\c‑n-S‑m-\‑m-I‑ms‑X h‑nk‑vX‑r-X-a‑mb AX‑ns‑â c‑q]-s‑¯-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑pÅ H‑mÀ½ Ah-t‑i-j‑n-¸‑n-¨‑p-s‑I‑mï‑v Ce-k‑vt‑{‑SäU‑v h‑o¡‑ne‑n A´‑y-i‑z‑mk‑w he‑n-¨‑p.

J‑pi‑vh´‑v k‑n‑wK‑v "Z‑v \‑y‑qUÂl‑n‑'

(33)

Xami¡mc³; Ncn{X]ÞnX³, kmlnXyImc³... A]mcamb {]Xn`mhnemk§Ä: hyXykvX taJeIfnð s]« Jpjvh´v ]pkvXI§fnð NneXv

"Z Ce-k‑v{‑S‑n-bk‑v FU‑n-äÀ H‑m^‑v Z Ce-k‑vt‑{‑S-äU‑v h‑o¡‑ne‑n H‑m^‑v C´‑y' F¶‑mW‑v J‑pi‑vh´‑v k‑n‑wK‑v Ad‑n-b-s‑¸-«-X‑v. kÀÆ-t‑c‑mS‑p‑w ]I-t‑b‑ms‑S F¶ At‑±-l-¯‑ns‑â {‑]X‑n-h‑mc ]‑wà‑n-b‑ps‑S h‑mb\‑m ka‑q l‑w C´‑yb‑v¡‑p s‑hf‑n-b‑ne‑p‑w ]SÀ¶‑p. {‑i‑oe-¦‑, ]‑mI‑n-Ø‑m³‑, _‑w¥‑m-t‑Zi‑v ]{‑X-§Ä a‑m{‑X-aà Bk‑vt‑{‑Se‑n-b³ Z‑n\-¸-{‑X-§f‑p‑w B ]‑wà‑n k‑nï‑n-t‑¡ä‑v s‑Nb‑vX‑p. C´‑y-b‑n ae-b‑mf‑w DÄs‑¸s‑S FÃ‑m {‑]‑mt‑Zi‑nI `‑mj-I-f‑ne‑p‑w J‑pi‑vh´‑v k‑n‑wK‑v Hc‑p Ce-I‑v{‑S‑nI‑v _Ä_‑n Ibd‑n Cc‑n-¡‑p¶ a‑md‑nt‑b‑m a‑nd‑m-ïb‑ps‑S N‑n{‑X‑o-I-cW‑w kl‑n-X-a‑pÅ t‑I‑mf‑w ]c‑n-`‑mj s‑Nb‑vX‑p {‑]k‑n-²‑o-I-c‑n-¨‑p. t‑Ic-f-¯‑n Z‑o]‑nI h‑mb-\-¡‑m-c‑mW‑v ae-b‑m-f-¯‑n J‑pi‑vh´‑v k‑n‑wK‑ns‑\ Bk‑z-Z‑n-¨-X‑v. At‑a-c‑n-¡-b‑ns‑e BÀ¨‑v _‑p¡‑v h‑mÄU‑nt‑\‑m AX‑n-t‑\-¡‑mÄ Gs‑dt‑b‑m h‑mb-\-¡‑m-c‑pÅ ]‑wà‑nI‑mc-\‑mb‑n a‑md‑nb J‑pi‑vh´‑v k‑n‑wK‑v \‑y‑qUÂl‑n-b‑n Gäh‑p‑w I‑qS‑p-X Bf‑p-IÄ kµÀi‑n-¡‑m³ Cj‑vS-s‑¸-S‑p¶ h‑yà‑n-b‑m-W‑v.

Fs‑¶‑mc‑p {‑]k‑n-²‑o-I-c-W-¯‑ns‑â t‑\X‑rX‑z‑w Gs‑ä-S‑p-¯‑p. t‑a\I‑m K‑mÔ‑nb‑p-a‑mb‑n kl-I-c‑n¨‑v t‑Uä‑v s‑s‑e³ UÂl‑n F¶ ]{‑Xh‑p‑w X‑pS-§‑n. ] t‑£ h‑nP-b‑n-¨‑n-Ã. cï‑p‑w {‑]k‑n-²‑o-IcW Nc‑n-{‑X-¯‑n H‑mÀ½-¸‑n-i-I‑p-IÄ t‑]‑ms‑e Ah-t‑i-j‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. kR‑vPb‑v K‑mÔ‑n-b‑ps‑S Dä-k‑p-l‑r¯‑v F¶ \‑neb‑n a‑mc‑pX‑n I‑mÀ I¼-\‑n-b‑ps‑S {‑] N‑m-cW¨‑pa-X-e-b‑n {‑]hÀ¯‑n-¡‑p¶ J‑pi‑vh´‑v k‑n‑wK‑ns‑\b‑p‑w C´‑y Iï‑p.

1974  c‑mP‑y‑w ]ß-`‑q-j³ _l‑paX‑n k½‑m-\‑n¨‑v At‑±-ls‑¯ BZc‑n-¨‑p. k‑phÀ®-t‑£-{‑X-¯‑n \S¶ s‑s‑k\‑nI \S-]-S‑n-b‑n {‑]X‑n-t‑j[‑w t‑cJ-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑n-s‑¡‑mï‑v ]ß-`‑q-j³ _l‑p-aX‑n At‑±l‑w X‑nc‑n-¨‑p-\ÂI‑n.

A¡‑m-e¯‑v (1980-þ86‑) J‑pi‑vh´‑v k‑n‑wK‑v c‑mP‑y-k-`-b‑n \‑ma-\‑nÀt‑±i‑w s‑N¿s‑¸« A‑wK-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p. 2007  ]ß-h‑n`‑q-j³ \ÂI‑n C´‑y At‑±-l-¯‑ns‑â t‑kh-\-§s‑f h‑oï‑p‑w _l‑p-a‑m-\‑n-¨‑p. {‑]`‑m-X-¯‑n \‑me‑p aW‑n¡‑p X‑pS§‑p¶‑p J‑pi‑vh´‑v k‑n‑wK‑ns‑â Z‑n\-N-

c‑y-IÄ. Fg‑p¯‑p a‑n¡X‑p‑w ]‑peÀI‑me-¯‑m-W‑v. "kb-äÀ hc‑p¶ kab‑w' F¶‑mW‑v {‑_‑mÒ-a‑p-l‑qÀ¯s‑¯ k‑n‑wK‑v h‑nf‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. c‑mj‑v{‑S‑ob Bt‑£] l‑mk‑y-§Ä¡‑p‑w h‑yà‑n-I-f‑ps‑S s‑{‑]‑ms‑s‑^ cN-\-IÄ¡‑p‑w t‑\‑mhe‑n\‑p‑w IY-IÄ¡‑p‑w ]‑pdt‑a k‑n¡‑v aX-¯‑ns‑âb‑p‑w k‑n¡‑v P\-X-b‑p-s‑Sb‑p‑w {‑]a‑pJ Nc‑n{‑X‑w a‑pg‑p-h³ ]e h‑mf‑y§-f‑mb‑n J‑pi‑vh´‑v k‑n‑wK‑v Fg‑p-X‑n-b‑n«‑p-ï‑v. C´‑y‑m h‑n`-P-\-I‑m-e-s‑¯-¡‑p-d‑n¨‑pÅ "s‑{‑Sb‑n³ S‑p ]‑mI‑n-Ø‑m³‑' F¶ t‑\‑mh DÄs‑¸s‑S N‑ne I‑rX‑n-IÄ k‑n\‑n-a-b‑m-s‑b-¦‑ne‑p‑w J‑pi‑vh´‑v k‑n‑wK‑v Ne-¨‑n-{‑X-¯‑ns‑â {‑]`‑m-h-e-b-¯‑n \‑n¶‑v kZ‑m a‑md‑n \‑n¡‑m³ Cj‑vS-s‑¸«‑p. B t‑\c-§-f‑n Dd‑p-Z‑p-I-h‑n-X-It‑f‑m ]©‑m-_‑ns‑e \‑mt‑S‑m-S‑n-¸‑m-«‑p-It‑f‑m ] c‑n-`‑m-j-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑p-¶-X‑n-e‑mW‑v ck-s‑a¶‑v At‑±l‑w h‑ni‑z-k‑n-¨‑p. i_‑m\ Bk‑va‑nt‑b‑mS‑v A¡‑mc‑y‑w At‑±l‑w X‑pd¶‑p ]db‑p-Ib‑p‑w s‑Nb‑vX‑p. F¦‑ne‑p‑w k‑n‑wK‑ns‑â I‑pS‑p‑w-_-¯‑n Hc‑p \S‑n-b‑pï‑v þ Aa‑rX k‑n‑wK‑v. J‑pi‑vh´‑v k‑n‑wK‑ns‑â

kt‑l‑m-Z-cs‑â aI-f‑m-W-hÀ.

Hc‑p-]‑mS‑v AX‑n-Y‑n-Is‑f k‑z‑oI-c‑n-¡‑pIb‑p‑w t‑e‑mI-t‑¯‑mS‑v \À½ a[‑p-c-a‑mb‑n kÃ-]‑n-¡‑p-Ib‑p‑w s‑Nb‑vX J‑pi‑vh´‑v k‑n‑wK‑v Xs‑â Ah-k‑m-\s‑¯ cN\-s‑b¶ \‑ne-b‑n C‑ub‑ns‑S {‑] k‑n-²‑o-I-c‑n¨ h‑nS-h‑m-§Â I‑pd‑n-¸‑n h‑nj‑mZ‑w IeÀ¶X‑p Iï‑n-s‑ö‑p t‑X‑m¶‑p-¶‑p. "]S‑n-¡Â Ah-k‑m-\s‑¯ AX‑nY‑n I‑m¯‑p \‑n¡‑p-¶‑p. F\‑n¡‑v t‑]‑mI‑m³ ka-b-a‑m-I‑p¶‑p' Fs‑¶‑ms‑¡ Fg‑p-X‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ Hc‑n-¡e‑p‑w Ic-b‑n-¨‑n-«‑nÃ‑m¯ J‑pi‑vh´‑v k‑n‑wK‑ns‑â h‑m¡‑p-If‑ps‑S N‑pï‑v h‑nX‑p-¼‑n-t‑¸‑m-I‑p-¶‑p. Ih‑nf‑n-e‑qs‑S _‑mj‑v]-I-W-§Ä ASÀ¶‑p h‑og‑p-¶‑p. kÀÆ-t‑c‑mS‑p‑w ]I-t‑b‑ms‑S k‑wk‑m-c‑n¨ C‑u kÀZ‑mÀP‑n F{‑X ]‑mh‑w a\‑p-j‑y-\‑mW‑v‑! teJI³ ho£Ww ]{X¯nse s]mfnän¡ð FUnädmWv. teJIsâ Cþsabvð: sujaathan@gmail.com

G{]nð þ sabv 2013

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Jennifer Peltz / www.huffingtonpost.com

Pulitzer Prize 2013 Winners: NY Times Wins Four, WSJ, Washington Post Also Win The 2013 Pulitzer Prize winners in Journalism: Public Service: Sun Sentinel, Fort Lauderdale, Fla • Breaking News Reporting: The Denver Post staff • Investigative Reporting: David Barstow and Alejandra Xanic von Bertrab of NY Times • Explanatory Reporting: The New York Times staff • Local Reporting: Brad Schrade, Jeremy Olson and Glenn Howatt of the Star Tribune, Minneapolis • National Reporting: Lisa Song, Elizabeth McGowan and David Hasemyer of InsideClimate News, Brooklyn, NY • International Reporting: David Barboza of The New York Times • Feature Writing: John Branch of The New York Times • Commentary: Bret Stephens of The Wall Street Journal • Criticism: Philip Kennicott of The Washington Post • Editorial Writing: Tim Nickens and Daniel Ruth of the Tampa Bay Times, St. Petersburg, Fla. • Editorial Cartooning: Steve Sack of the Star Tribune, Minneapolis • Breaking News Photography: Rodrigo Abd, Manu Brabo, Narciso Contreras, Khalil Hamra and Muhammed Muheisen of The Associated Press • Feature Photography: Javier Manzano, freelance photographer, Agence France-Presse

T

he Denver Post won a Pulitzer Prize for its coverage of the movie theater massacre in Aurora, Colo., while The New York Times captured four awards for reporting on a harrowing avalanche, the rise of a new aristocracy in China and the business practices of Apple and Wal-Mart.

The Associated Press received the award in breaking news photography for its coverage of the civil war in Syria.

In awards that reflected the rapidly changing media world, the online publication InsideClimate News won the Pulitzer for national reporting for stories on problems in the regulation of the nation’s oil pipelines.

The Sun Sentinel of Fort Lauderdale, Fla., received the public service award for an investigation of off-duty police officers’ reckless driving, and longtime Pulitzer powerhouses The Wall Street Journal and The Washington Post were recognized for commentary and criticism, respectively.

The Star-Tribune of Minneapolis captured two awards, for local reporting and editorial cartooning.

Cheers erupted in the Denver Post’s newsroom when word came that the newspaper had won the Pulitzer in the breaking news category for its coverage – via text, social media and video – of the shooting that killed 12 people during a midnight showing of a new Batman movie last summer.

G{]nð þ sabv 2013

The honor was bittersweet for some, and people teared up and shared hugs.

“We are part of this community. The tragedy touches us, but we have a job to do,” said Kevin Dale, the Post’s news director. He added: “It’s great to win the prize, but we’d rather win for a different story.”

The Pulitzers, journalism’s highest honor, are given out each year by Columbia University on the recommendation of a board of journalists and others. Each award carries a $10,000 prize except for the public service award, which is a gold medal.

After years in which journalism has been buffeted by technological change and financial problems, this year’s awards are a reminder of “how important it is to aim high” and a signal that both new and established players are doing so, said Jacqui Banaszynski, a professor at the Missouri School of Journalism.

The New York Times’ David Barstow and Alejandra Xanic von Bertrab won the investigative reporting award for stories that detailed how WalMart Stores Inc. systematically bribed Mexican officials with millions of dollars to get permission to build several stores across the country. The Times’ reporting spurred federal investigations.

The Times’ David Barboza received the international reporting award for his look at a how a “Red Nobility,” made up of relatives of top Chinese

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Feature Photography: Focus Photograph by Javier Manzano, AFP/Getty Images

Two rebel soldiers in Syria guard their sniper’s nest in the Karmel Jabl neighborhood of Aleppo as light streams through more than a dozen holes made by bullets and shrapnel in the tin wall behind them. The dust from more than one hundred days of shelling, bombing and firefights hung in the air. Karmel Jabl is strategically important because of its proximity to the main road that separates several of the main battlegrounds in the city. Both sides (the Free Syria Army and the regime) rely heavily on snipers in a cat and mouse game along Aleppo’s frontlines. (Photo taken October 12, 2012)

Winners of the 2013 Pulitzer Prize, the prestigious American journalism award, were announced on Monday, and among the collection of outstanding images in the photography categories, submissions featuring coverage of Syria’s civil war rose above the fold.

Javier Manzano, a freelance photographer working with Agence France-Press, won the Feature Photography award, becoming the first freelance photographer in 17 years to win a Pulitzer, according to news accounts.

The award for Breaking News Photography went to a group from the Associated Press (AP): Rodrigo Abd, Manu Brabo, Narciso Contreras, Khalil Hamra, and Muhammed Muheisen.

In Manzano’s award-winning image above, two rebel soldiers wait on the frontlines in Aleppo, Syria (map). Light streams in from the dozens of bullet holes that litter the walls of their makeshift sniper’s nest and yet, as the men point

a rifle out of a face-size gap, their focus appears unwavering despite their precarious surroundings.

According to Judy Walgren, director of photography for The San Francisco Chronicle and co-chair of the jury for this year’s awards, Manzano’s image “perfectly illustrates the ability of a photographer to step back and see beauty when destruction is all around.”

The award-winning images by the Associated Press offer a glimpse into the struggle that civilians in Syria face every day. “All the photographers went to the front lines to photograph the rebels and the fighting, and there wasn’t much attention paid to those people who were living in the streets,” the AP’s Muheisen told The New York Times.

“It’s so important to me that the images of internally displaced Syrians are part of the Pulitzer Prize package,” he said in the article. “It means that history won’t forget them.”

G{]nð þ sabv 2013

(36) officials, has made fortunes in businesses closely tied to the government.

The Times staff won the explanatory reporting award for looking at the business practices of Apple Inc. and other technology companies and illustrating “the darker side of a changing global economy for workers and consumers,” the judges said.

In the feature writing category, John Branch of the Times won for a gripping narrative of an avalanche that trapped 16 skiers and snowboarders in the Cascade Mountains of Washington state. Told through photos, video, graphics and magazine-style text, the piece was lauded in the industry as setting a new standard for multimedia journalism.

The paper’s editors “view the wonderful bounty of prizes as a real tribute to the newsroom’s excellence and dedication,” Executive Editor Jill Abramson told the staff, adding that editors were “proud to have broken new ground in multimedia storytelling and global investigative journalism.”

The AP’s Rodrigo Abd, Manu Brabo, Narciso Contreras, Khalil Hamra and Muhammed Muheisen were recognized for “producing memorable images under extreme hazard” while covering the Syrian war, the judges wrote.

Their images depict the dazed and weeping Steve Sack’s Cartoon wounded; a heartbroken man cradling the body of his bloodied, barefoot son; a sobbing, fatherless child; an 11-year-old aiming a toy rocket-propelled grenade.

AP Director of Photography Santiago Lyon called the winners “some of the bravest and most talented photographers in the world.”

The same conflict was the subject of the winning entry in feature photography. Javier Manzano, a freelance photographer, won for an image of two rebel soldiers guarding their position as light streams through bullet holes in a nearby wall. The photograph was distributed by Agence FrancePresse.

Founded five years ago, New York-based InsideClimateNews reports on energy and the environment. Writers Lisa Song, Elizabeth McGowan and David Hasemyer were recognized for a project that began with an investigation into a milliongallon spill of Canadian tar sands oil into the Kalamazoo River in Michigan in 2010. The reporters went on to look more broadly at pipeline safety and the particular hazards of a form of oil called diluted bitumen, or “dilbit.”

Larger online publications have won Pulitzers in the past, including The Huffington Post and G{]nð þ sabv 2013

ProPublica. Sig Gissler, the administrator of the Pulitzer Prizes, said the emergence of online-only winners “really shows the way the journalism ethos reconfigures itself as times change.”

At the Sun Sentinel, reporters explored speeding by off-duty officers. The reporting led to suspensions, firings and police policy changes.

“It feels great to win for that story because it really changed things here for the better,” Editor Howard Saltz said.

At the Star Tribune, Brad Schrade, Jeremy Olson and Glenn Howatt captured the Pulitzer for local reporting for examining a sharp rise in in infant deaths at day-care centers, reporting that spurred stronger regulation. Minnesota authorities reported last week that day care deaths have dropped significantly.

It was “really satisfying we had an impact,” Schrade said.

Steve Sack, who has been at the paper for 35 years, won for editorial cartooning.

While many in the industry have worried that regional newspapers have been losing news muscle amid the upheaval in the business, “what’s happening in Minneapolis suggests that must not be the case,” said Roy Peter Clark of the Poynter Institute for Media Studies.

In opinion writing categories, Bret Stephens of The Wall Street Journal received the commentary award for columns on American foreign policy and domestic politics. The judges noted that his writing is “often enlivened by a contrarian twist.”

The Washington Post’s chief art critic, Philip Kennicott, was honored for writing on the sociology of images. In one case, he focused on a picture of President Barack Obama and first lady Michelle Obama hugging, calling it a portrait of a modern marriage.

The editorial writing award went to Tim Nickens and Daniel Ruth of the Tampa Bay Times for a series of editorials that helped reverse a decision to end fluoridation of the water supply in Pinellas County, home to 700,000 people. Formerly the St. Petersburg Times, the newspaper is owned by the nonprofit Poynter Institute.

“Tim Nickens and Dan Ruth went to bat for hundreds of thousands of people, many of them poor, who were being deprived a chance at better health,” Tampa Bay Times Editor Neil Brown said in a statement. “If we don’t do this work, if the Times doesn’t speak up, who will?”

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C-{‑µ‑n-b-t‑K‑mN-ct‑a‑m AÃ‑m-¯-t‑X‑m B-b G-s‑X-¦‑ne‑p‑w I-g‑n-h‑p-I-f‑p-s‑S h‑n-]‑p-e‑o-I-c-W-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p A-S‑p-¯-I‑m-

e‑w h-s‑c k‑m-t‑¦X‑n-I a‑p-t‑¶-ä-§-Ä.

C-t‑¸‑mÄ C-{‑µ‑nb-§-f‑p-s‑S \‑n-b-{‑´-W‑w s‑s‑I-b‑m-f‑p-¶ X-e-t‑¨‑m-d‑n-s‑â X-s‑¶ h‑n-]‑p-e‑o-I-c-W-s‑a-¶ \‑n-e-b‑v-¡‑v I‑m-c‑y§Ä F-¯‑n-\‑nÂ-¡‑p-¶‑p. I-¼‑y‑q-«d‑p‑w A-X‑n-s‑â ]‑pX‑n-b h-I-t‑`-Z-h‑pa‑m-b k‑va‑mÀ«‑v-t‑^‑m-W‑p-If‑p‑w A-X‑m-W‑v h‑y-à-a‑m¡‑p-¶X‑v. ]t‑£‑, AX‑p-s‑I‑mï‑p‑w A-h-k‑m-\‑n¡‑p-¶‑nà I‑m-c‑y§Ä. k‑v-a‑mÀ«‑v-t‑^‑m-W‑pI-f‑p-s‑S b‑p-Kh‑p‑w IS-¶‑v ]‑pX‑n-s‑b‑m-c‑p I‑m-e-¯‑n-t‑e-¡‑v I-¼‑y‑q-«‑n-M‑v {‑]-t‑h-i‑n¡‑p-¶ I‑m-g‑v-N-b‑m-W‑n-t‑¸‑mÄ. A-X‑n-\‑v hg‑n-s‑b‑m-c‑p-¡‑p-¶-t‑X‑m‑, t‑e‑mI-s‑¯ Gäh‑p‑w he‑n-b CâÀ-s‑\-ä‑v I-¼-\‑nb‑m-b K‑q-K‑n-f‑p‑w‑, K‑q-K‑nÄ h‑n-I-k‑n-¸‑n-¨ ‑"K‑q-K‑nÄ ¥‑m-k‑v' (Google Glass‑‑) F-¶ "a‑m-b-¡®-S'b‑p‑w‑!

I-¼‑y‑q-«-d‑p-IÄ b‑m-Y‑mÀ-Y‑y-s‑¯ "{‑]-X‑o-X‑n-b‑m-Y‑mÀ-Y‑y‑w' AY-h‑m s‑hÀN‑z d‑n-b‑m-e‑n-ä‑n-b‑m¡‑n. s‑a‑m-s‑s‑_- k-t‑¦-X-§-f‑ps‑S hc-h‑v {‑]-X‑o-X‑n b‑mY‑mÀ-Y‑y-s‑¯s‑¯ ‑"k-a‑o-]-b‑m-Y‑mÀ-Y‑y‑w' AYh‑m H‑m-s‑Üâ-U‑v d‑n-b‑m-e‑n-ä‑n-b‑n-t‑e-¡‑v ]-c‑n-hÀ¯-\‑w s‑N-b‑vX‑p. H‑m-s‑Üâ-U‑v d‑n-b‑m-e‑n-ä‑n-s‑b \-½‑p-s‑S P‑o-h‑n-X-¯‑n-s‑â \-S‑p-¯-f-¯‑n-t‑e¡‑v I‑p-S‑n-b‑n-c‑p-¯‑p-I-b‑mW‑v K‑q-K‑nÄ ¥‑m-k‑v.

H-t‑c-ka-b‑w ]e t‑e‑m-I-§-f‑n P‑oh‑n-¡‑m³ A-hk-c-s‑a‑m-c‑p-¡‑p-¶ h‑n-Z‑y-.

A-X‑m-W‑v K‑q-K‑nÄ ¥‑mk‑v. A-s‑X-{‑X k‑pJ-I-ca‑m-b A-\‑p-`-h-a‑mI‑p‑w F-¶‑n-t‑¸‑mÄ ]-d-b‑m-\‑m-I‑nÃ. ]t‑£‑, H-c‑p-I‑mc‑y‑w h‑y-à‑w. _‑ml‑y-t‑e‑m-I-h‑p-a‑m-b‑p-Å G{]nð þ sabv 2013

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It’s surprisingly simple

\-½‑p-s‑S C-S-s‑]-S-e‑p-IÄ a‑m-ä‑n-a-d‑n-¡‑m³ K‑q-K‑nÄ ¥‑m-k‑v hg‑n-s‑b‑m-c‑p-¡‑p‑w. k‑m-¶‑n[‑y‑w‑, ]-c‑n-N-b-s‑¸-S-e‑p-IÄ F-¶‑n-§s‑\-b‑p-Å A-\‑p-`-h X-e-§-s‑f-t‑¸‑me‑p‑w h‑y-X‑y-k‑v-X-a‑m-¡‑m³ t‑]‑m¶ H-¶‑m-W‑v K‑q-K‑nÄ ¥‑m-k‑v.

C-c‑p-]X‑m‑w \‑q-ä‑m-ï‑n-s‑â B-Z‑y]-I‑p-X‑n-b‑n t‑K‑mÀ-U³ s‑s‑NÂ-U‑v \‑n-c‑o-£‑n¨ B h-k‑v-X‑p-X K‑q-K‑nÄ ¥‑mk‑p-a‑m-b‑n F-§-s‑\-b‑m-W‑v _-Ô‑n-¸‑n-¡‑m\‑m-h‑p-I. a-\‑p-j‑y-s‑â G-X‑v I-g‑n-h‑n-s‑â h‑n-]‑p-e‑o-I-c-W-a‑m-W‑v K‑q-K‑nÄ ¥‑m-k‑v... _‑p-²‑n-b‑pt‑S-t‑X‑m‑, A-\‑p-`-h-¯‑n-s‑â-t‑b‑m‑, C-S-]-g-I-e‑p-I-f‑pt‑S-t‑b‑m‑! A-t‑X‑m‑, Ch FÃ‑m-ä‑n-t‑âb‑pt‑a‑m‑! k‑v-a‑mÀ«‑v-t‑^‑m¬ b‑pK‑w a-\‑p-j‑ys‑\ X-e-I‑p-¼‑n-«‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-h-\‑m¡‑n‑! s‑F-t‑^‑m-W‑n-s‑â-b‑p‑w a-ä‑v k‑v-a‑mÀ«‑v-t‑^‑mW‑p-I-f‑p-s‑Sb‑p‑w h-c-t‑h‑ms‑S‑, k-Z‑mka-b‑w s‑s‑I-b‑n-e‑pÅ B \‑m-e‑n-©‑v {‑]-]-©-¯‑n-t‑e-¡‑m-b‑n a-\‑p-j‑y-s‑â {‑i². A-X‑n-e‑q-s‑S s‑a-t‑k-P‑p-I-f‑m-b‑p‑w t‑k‑mj‑yÂ-a‑o-U‑n-b A-]‑v-t‑U-ä‑p-I-f‑m-b‑p‑w C-ã h‑oU‑n-t‑b‑m-I-f‑mb‑p‑w t‑^‑m-t‑«‑m-I-f‑m-b‑p‑w‑, A-\‑p-`-h-¯‑n-s‑â \‑n-c´-c‑w X‑p-S-c‑p-¶ k‑z-I‑mc‑y \‑n-a‑n-j-§-f‑n-t‑e-¡‑v D‑u-f‑n-b‑nS‑p-¶-h-c‑m-b‑n \½Ä a‑md‑n. i-c‑n-¡‑p-]-dª‑mÂ‑, X-e D-bÀ-¯‑m³ I-g‑n-b‑m-¯ Ø‑nX‑n‑!

B Ø‑n-X‑n-b‑nÂ-\‑n-¶‑v a‑p-à-\‑m¡‑n‑, a-\‑p-j‑y-s‑\ X-e D-bÀ-¯‑n-¸‑n-S‑n-¨‑v \-S-¯‑m³ {‑]‑m-]‑v-X-\‑m-¡‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v K‑qK‑nÄ ¥‑m-k‑v s‑N-¿‑p-¶s‑X¶‑v‑, K‑q-K‑n-f‑ns‑e t‑{‑]‑mU-Î‑v U-b-d-ÎÀ k‑v-ä‑o-h‑v e‑o A-S‑p¯-b‑n-s‑S H-c‑p A-`‑n-a‑p-J-¯‑n k‑q-N‑n¸‑n-¨‑p.

H-c‑p Z‑nh-k‑w K‑q-K‑nÄ B-Ø‑m-\-t‑¯¡‑v _-Ê‑v I‑m-¯‑v X‑m³ \‑nÂ-¡‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ‑, Directions right in front of you

G{]nð þ sabv 2013

Say “take a picture” to take a picture.

N‑p-ä‑p-a‑p-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ ]-X‑n-\-©‑p t‑]c‑p‑w H-t‑c ka-b‑w X-§-f‑p-s‑S s‑s‑I-b‑n-s‑e k‑v-a‑mÀ«‑v-t‑^‑m-W‑n-t‑e-¡‑v t‑\‑m-¡‑n- X-e-I‑p¼‑n-«‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶ Z‑r-i‑y-‑w K‑q-K‑n-f‑ns‑e C³U-k‑v-{‑S‑n-b U‑n-s‑s‑k-\À C-k-s‑_à H‑mÄ-k¬ I-ï‑p. B Z‑r-i‑y-a‑mW‑v K‑q-K‑nÄ ¥‑m-k‑v C-t‑¸‑mg-s‑¯ \‑n-e-b‑v¡‑v c‑q-]-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑m³ \‑n-a‑n-¯-a‑m-b-s‑X-¶‑v AhÀ ]-d-b‑p-¶‑p. s‑hd‑p‑w a‑q-¶‑p-hÀ-j‑w a‑p-¼‑v B-c‑w`‑n-¨ H-c‑p ]-c‑o-£-W ]-²-X‑n-b‑mW‑v "K‑q-K‑nÄ ¥‑mk‑v‑' F-¶ t‑]-c‑n C-t‑¸‑mÄ s‑S-I‑v t‑e‑m-I-¯‑m-s‑I NÀ-¨-s‑N-¿-s‑¸-S‑p¶-X‑v. s‑s‑{‑U-h-À I‑q-S‑ms‑X I‑m-d‑pI-s‑f k‑z-b‑w s‑s‑{‑U-h‑v s‑N-¿‑m³ {‑]‑m-]‑v-X-a‑m¡‑p-¶ k-t‑¦-X-¯‑n-\‑p‑w‑, \‑y‑q-d s‑\-ä‑vhÀ-¡‑p-IÄ-¡‑p-s‑a‑ms‑¡ c‑q-]‑w-\Â-I‑p-¶ K‑q-K‑nÄ F-I‑v-k‑v e‑m-_‑n-e‑m-W‑v K‑q-K‑nÄ ¥‑m-k‑n-s‑âb‑p‑w ]‑n-d-h‑n. B e‑m-_‑n-s‑e F³-P‑n-\‑o-bÀ _-_‑m-I‑v ]À-h‑n-k‑v B-W‑v a‑q-¶‑p-hÀ-j‑w a‑p-¼‑v ¥‑m-k‑v ]-²-X‑n B-c‑w`‑n-¡‑p-¶X‑v. ]-²-X‑n-b‑ps‑S t‑aÂ-t‑\‑m«‑w K‑q-K‑n-Ä k-l-Ø‑m-]I³ s‑kÀ-P‑n {‑_‑n-¶‑n-\‑p‑w.

Bc‑p‑w {‑]-X‑o-£‑n-¨-X‑ne‑p‑w t‑h-K¯‑n K‑q-K‑nÄ ¥‑m-k‑v b‑m-Y‑mÀ-Y‑y-a‑m-h‑pI-b‑m-W‑v F-¶-I‑m-c‑y‑w‑, I-g‑n-ª hÀ-j‑w s‑U-h-e-¸À-a‑mÀ-¡‑m-b‑n B D-]-I-c-W¯‑n-s‑â B-Z‑y-c‑q-]‑w K‑q-K‑nÄ h‑n-ä‑p X‑p-S§‑n-b-t‑¸‑m-t‑g t‑e‑m-I-¯‑n-\‑v a-\-k‑n-e‑mb‑n.

C‑u hÀ-j‑w Xs‑¶ K‑q-K‑nÄ ¥‑mk‑v D-]t‑`‑m-à‑m-¡-f‑p-s‑S ]-¡-s‑e-¯‑ps‑a¶‑m-W‑v k‑q-N-\.

A-k‑m-[‑m-c-Wa‑m‑w h‑n-[‑w e-f‑n-Xa‑mb H-c‑p D-]-I-c-W-a‑m-W‑v K‑q-K‑nÄ ¥‑mk‑v.

I®-S -t‑]‑m-s‑e X-e-b‑n [-c‑n-¡‑m‑w. s‑{‑^-b‑n-a‑n-s‑â h-e-X‑p-hi-s‑¯ I‑m AÂ-¸‑w X-S‑n-¨-X‑mW‑v‑, ¹‑m-Ì‑n-¡‑n-\‑mÂ

\‑nÀ-a‑n-¨-X‑v. A-X‑n-s‑â A-{‑K‑w H-c‑p ¥‑mk‑m-b‑n h-e-X‑p-I-®‑n-\‑v a‑p-¶‑n-s‑e-¯‑p-¶‑p. h-e-X‑p-I-®‑n-s‑â Z‑r-ã‑n-]-Y-¯‑n a‑p-I-f‑n-e‑m-b‑n H-c‑p k‑pX‑m-c‑y NX‑pc h‑n³t‑U‑m B-b‑m-W‑v b‑q-kÀ-¡‑v K‑q-K‑nÄ ¥‑m-k‑v A-\‑p-`-h-s‑¸-S‑p-I. I-®‑n-s‑â k‑m[‑m-c-W I‑m-g‑vN-s‑b X-S-Ê-s‑¸-S‑m-s‑X Xs‑¶‑, \‑n-§Ä-¡‑v B-h-i‑y-a‑p-Å I‑m-c‑y§-s‑fÃ‑m‑w B k‑p-X‑m-c‑y -h‑n³-t‑U‑m-b‑n {‑]-X‑y-£-s‑¸«‑p-s‑I‑m-Å‑p‑w.

I‑m-g‑v-N-b‑n hf-s‑c e-f‑n-Xa‑m-b D-]-I-W-a‑m-s‑W-¦‑ne‑p‑w‑, H-c‑p k‑v-a‑mÀ«‑vt‑^‑m-W‑n-\‑v k‑m-[‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑n I‑q-S‑p-X I‑m-c‑y-§Ä K‑q-K‑nÄ ¥‑m-k‑n\‑v s‑N-¿‑m³ I-g‑n-b‑p‑w. H-t‑c ka-b‑w A-s‑X‑m-c‑p t‑{‑]‑mP-Î-d‑m-b‑p‑w‑, I‑y‑m-a-d-b‑m-b‑p‑w‑, CâÀ-s‑\-ä‑v I-½‑y‑q-W‑n-t‑¡-ä-d‑m-b‑p‑w‑, i-Ð-\‑nÀ-t‑Zi-a-\‑p-k-c‑n-¡‑p-¶ U‑n-P‑n-ä k-l‑mb‑nb‑mb‑p‑w H-s‑¡-b‑mb‑n {‑]-hÀ-¯‑n-¡‑p‑w. s‑a‑m-s‑s‑_Â‑, h-bÀ-s‑e-k‑v k-t‑¦-X§-s‑f‑, BÀ-«‑n-^‑n-j‑y³ Câ-e‑n-P³-k‑v F-¶ \‑nÀ-a‑n-X-_‑p-²‑nb‑p-s‑S a‑q-i-b‑n-t‑e¡‑v h‑mÀ-¯‑n-W-¡‑n-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v K‑qK‑nÄ ¥‑m-k‑nÂ. s‑s‑h-s‑s‑^‑, A-s‑Ã-¦‑n I‑o-i-b‑n-e‑p-Å k‑v-a‑mÀ«‑v-t‑^‑m-W‑n \‑n-¶‑v »‑q-S‑q-¯‑v h-g‑n-b‑p-Å I-W-Î‑n-h‑n-ä‑n-b‑m-W‑v K‑q-K‑nÄ ¥‑m-k‑n C-t‑¸‑m-g‑p-Å-X‑v.

I®-S-t‑]‑m-s‑e X-e-b‑n-e-W‑n-b‑p-¶ D-]-I-c-W-¯‑n-s‑â he-X‑v hi-s‑¯ ¹‑mÌ‑n-I‑v {‑]X-e‑w i-c‑n-¡‑p-]-d-ª‑m H-c‑p S-¨‑v-]‑m-U‑mW‑v. A-X‑n h‑n-c N-e‑n-¸‑n-¨‑v K‑q-K‑nÄ ¥‑m-k‑n-s‑â {‑]-hÀ¯\‑w \‑n-b{‑´‑n-¡‑m‑w. A-X-s‑Ã-¦‑nÂ‑, i-Ð-\‑nÀ-t‑Z-i§Ä a-\-k‑n-e‑m-¡‑n A-X‑n-\-\‑p-k-c‑n-¨‑v {‑]-hÀ-¯‑n¨‑p-s‑I‑m-Å‑p‑w.

B-¸‑nÄ s‑F-t‑^‑m-W‑n-s‑e k‑n-c‑n-s‑bt‑¸‑ms‑e‑, ‑"\‑m-¨‑p-d e‑m‑w-t‑K‑z-P‑v b‑q-kÀ Câ-t‑^k‑v‑' D-]-t‑b‑m-K‑n-¨‑v _‑p-²‑n-]‑qÀ-h‑w

Speak to send a message

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Record what you see. Hands-free

{‑]-hÀ-¯‑n-¡‑p-¶ ‑"K‑q-K‑nÄ \‑u' B-W‑v K‑q-K‑nÄ ¥‑m-k‑n-\‑v X‑p-W-b‑m-h‑p-¶X‑v. H-¸‑w K‑q-K‑n-f‑n-s‑â Xs‑¶ ‑"t‑\‑mf-P‑v {‑K‑m-^‑p‑'a‑pï‑v.

K‑q-K‑nÄ ¥‑m-k‑v [-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-b‑m-f‑p-s‑S A-\‑p`-h‑w F-§-s‑\-b‑m-b‑n-c‑n¡‑p‑w F-¶‑v h‑y-à-a‑m-¡‑n-¯-c‑p-¶ h‑oU‑n-t‑b‑m-IÄ K‑qK‑nÄ C-X‑n\-I‑w ]‑p-d-¯‑n-d-¡‑n-b‑n-«‑pï‑v. a‑m-{‑XaÃ‑, {‑]-i-k‑v-Xc‑m-b H-c‑p-]‑n-S‑n A-t‑ac‑n-¡³ s‑S-I‑v t‑PÀ-W-e‑n-k‑v-ä‑pI-s‑f A-X‑v D-]-t‑b‑m-K‑n-¨‑v t‑\‑m-¡‑m³ K‑q-K‑nÄ A-\‑ph-Z‑n-¡‑p-Ib‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑n-«‑pï‑v. K‑q-K‑nÄ \Â-I‑p-¶ h‑n-h-c-§-f‑p‑w‑, B D-]-Ic-W‑w [-c‑n-¨ t‑PÀ-W-e‑n-Ì‑p-I-f‑p-s‑S A-\‑p-`-h h‑n-h-c-W-§-f‑p‑w \-a‑p-¡‑v e-`‑y-a‑mW‑v. \‑n-§Ä K‑q-K‑nÄ ¥‑m-k‑v A-W‑n-ª‑v \‑n-c-¯‑n-e‑n-d-§‑p-¶-t‑X‑ms‑S‑, A-Z‑r-i‑y\‑mb H-c‑p k-l‑m-b‑n \‑n-§-f‑p-s‑S I‑q-s‑S I‑q-S‑p-I-b‑m-W‑v s‑N-¿‑p-I. \‑n-§Ä-¡‑v t‑]‑m-t‑I-ï Ø-e-t‑¯-¡‑p-Å hg‑n‑, h-eX‑p-I-®‑n-s‑â Z‑r-ã‑n-]-Y-¯‑n-s‑e k‑p-X‑mc‑y-N-X‑p-c-¯‑n s‑X-f‑n-b‑p-¶‑p. X-Õ-a-b I‑m-e‑mh-Ø‑m h‑n-h-c-§Ä a‑p-¶‑n-s‑e-¯‑p¶‑p. k‑p-l‑r-¯‑p-¡-f‑p-s‑S k-t‑µ-i-§f‑p‑w a‑p-¶‑n hc‑p¶‑p. a-d‑p]-S‑n ]-d-ª‑m aX‑n‑, A-X‑v s‑S-I‑v-Ì‑v s‑a-t‑k-P‑m-b‑n A-bb‑v-¡-s‑¸-S‑p-‑w. k‑p-l‑r-¯‑p-¡-f‑p-a‑m-b‑n h‑oU‑nt‑b‑m N‑m-ä‑n-t‑M‑m h‑oU‑nt‑b‑m t‑I‑m¬-^d³k‑nt‑M‑m \-S-¯‑m\‑p‑w A-\‑m-b‑m-k‑w k‑m-[‑n-¡‑p‑w. t‑d‑m-U‑ns‑â h-i-¯‑p-Å d-k‑v-t‑ä‑m-dâ‑n-t‑e-¡‑v t‑\‑m-¡‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ‑, B t‑l‑m-«-e‑n-s‑e A¶-s‑¯ h‑nt‑i-j h‑n-`-h-§f‑p‑w h‑n-e-b‑p‑w I-®‑n-\‑v a‑p-¶‑n F¯‑p-¶‑p...‑! a‑p-¶‑n H-c‑p kÀ¡-k‑v A-`‑y‑m-k‑n.

A-b‑m-f‑ps‑S t‑^‑m-t‑«‑m-s‑b-S‑p-¡-W-s‑a-¦‑n H-¶‑p ]-d-b‑pI-t‑b t‑h-ï‑q‑, Z‑r-ã‑n-]Ask whatever’s on your mind

Even share what you see. Live.

Y-¯‑n I‑y‑m-a-d s‑{‑^b‑n‑w {‑]-X‑y-£s‑¸-S‑p¶‑p‑, N‑n-{‑X-s‑a-S‑p-¡‑p¶‑p‑, t‑k-h‑v s‑N-¿-s‑¸S‑p¶‑p. h‑oU‑nt‑b‑m ]‑n-S‑n-¡W-s‑a-¦‑ne‑p‑w C§-s‑\ Xs‑¶. K‑q-K‑nÄ ¥‑m-k‑v [-c‑n-¨‑n-«‑p-Å-b‑mÄ t‑^‑m-t‑«‑mt‑b‑m h‑o-U‑n-t‑b‑mt‑b‑m ]‑n-S‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑m-s‑W-¶‑v Bc‑p‑w A-d‑n-b‑pI t‑]‑m-e‑p-a‑nÃ. a‑p-¶‑n-s‑e‑m-c‑mÄ h-c‑p¶‑p. A-b‑m-s‑f F-h‑ns‑St‑b‑m I-ï ]-c‑n-Nb‑w. B-f‑m-c‑ms‑W-¶‑v X-¸‑m³ ]-d-ª‑m aX‑n‑, A-b‑mf‑p-s‑S a‑p-J-k‑m-a‑y-a‑pÅ t‑^‑m-t‑«‑m-IÄ-¡‑v t‑k‑m-j‑y s‑\-ä‑v-hÀ-¡‑v s‑s‑k-ä‑p-I-f‑n ]c-X‑n \‑n-a‑n-j-§Ä¡-I‑w a-d‑p-]-S‑ns‑b¯‑p‑w þ‑"H‑m‑, C-X‑v \-½‑p-t‑S h-S-t‑¡Ss‑¯ s‑NÃ\Ãt‑b‑m'! a‑m-{‑X-aÃ‑, D-]-t‑b‑m-K‑n-¡‑p-t‑´‑md‑p‑w b‑q-k-d‑p-s‑S C-ã‑m-\‑n-ã-§f‑p‑w A-`‑nc‑p-N‑n-If‑p‑w K‑q-K‑nÄ ¥‑m-k‑v I‑q-S‑p-X I‑q-S‑p-X- a-\-k‑ne‑m-¡‑n X‑p-S-§‑p‑w.

AX‑v H‑mÀ-a-b‑n s‑h-b‑v-¡‑p-Ib‑p‑w s‑N¿‑p‑w. AX‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑v, \‑n-§Ä a-\-k‑n I‑m-W‑p-¶ I‑mc‑y‑w B-h-i‑y-s‑¸S‑p‑w a‑p¼‑pX-s‑¶ a‑p-¶‑n-s‑e-¯‑n-¡‑m³ K‑q-K‑nÄ ¥‑m-k‑n-\‑v k‑m-[‑n-¡‑p‑w. k‑m-[‑m-c-W Z‑r-ã‑n-]-Y-¯‑n-\‑v t‑a F-g‑pt‑¯‑m N‑n-{‑X-§-t‑f‑m ]-X‑n-¸‑n-¡‑p-¶ GÀ-¸‑m-S‑m-W-‑v H‑m-s‑Üâ-U‑v d‑n-b‑m-e‑n-ä‑n AY-h‑m k-a‑o-]-b‑m-Y‑mÀ-Y‑y‑w. A-X‑m-W‑v K‑q-K‑nÄ ¥‑m-k‑n-e‑q-s‑S k‑m-[‑y-a‑m-I‑p-¶-X‑v.

K‑q-K‑nÄ ¥‑m-k‑v [-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-h-c‑ps‑S P‑o-h‑nX-¯‑n-s‑â \-S‑p-¯-f-¯‑n-t‑e-¡‑v k-a‑o-]b‑m-Y‑mÀY‑y‑w I‑p-S‑n-t‑b-d‑p‑w.

K‑q-K‑nÄ ¥‑m-k‑p‑w B-i-¦-If‑p‑w I‑m-g‑v-N-b‑n hf-s‑c e-f‑n-Xa‑m-b D-]-Ic-W‑w F-¶‑v t‑X‑m-¶‑m-s‑a-¦‑n-e‑p‑w‑, C-X‑ph-s‑c a-\‑p-j‑y³ D-]-t‑b‑m-K‑n-¨‑n-«‑p-Å

I-¼‑y‑q-«‑n-M‑v D-]-I-c-W-§-f‑n \‑n-¶‑v h‑y-X‑y-k‑v-X-a‑m-b N‑n-e {‑]-i‑v-\-§Ä-¡‑v K‑q-K‑nÄ ¥‑m-k‑v I‑m-c-W-a‑m-t‑b-¡‑m‑w F-¶ B-i-¦ D-b-c‑p-¶‑pï‑v. A-X‑n B-Z‑yt‑¯X‑v StoptheCyborgs.com F¶ s‑s‑k-ä‑v D-¶-b‑n-¨ "kÀ-h-h‑y‑m-]‑n-b‑m-I‑p-¶ H-f‑n-I‑y‑m-a-d-I-f‑p-s‑S {‑]i‑v-\‑'a‑m-W‑v. ‑"Z‑n s‑hÀ-P‑n‑'s‑â t‑e-J-I³ t‑P‑mj‑z‑m t‑S‑m-t‑]‑mÄ-k‑v-I‑n K‑q-K‑nÄ ¥‑m-k‑v D-]-t‑b‑mK‑n-¨ A-\‑p-`-h-s‑¯-¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑v h‑n-h-c‑n-¡‑p¶‑nS-¯‑v {‑i-t‑²-ba‑m-b H-c‑p- k‑w-`h‑w ]-d-b‑p-¶‑pï‑v. \‑y‑q-t‑b‑mÀ-¡‑v \-K-c-¯‑n-e‑mb‑n-c‑p-¶‑p ]-c‑o-£W‑w. K‑q-K‑nÄ ¥‑mk‑p‑w A-W‑n-ª‑v \‑o-§‑p¶ t‑S‑m-t‑]‑mÄ-k‑v-I‑nb‑p-s‑S Z‑r-i‑y-§Ä ]-IÀ-¯‑m³ h‑oU‑nt‑b‑m I‑y‑m-a-d-I-f‑p-a‑p-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p H¸‑w. K‑q-K‑nÄ ¥‑m-k‑v B-Z‑y-a‑p-]-t‑b‑m-K‑n¡‑p-¶-X‑n-s‑â I‑u-X‑p-I-¯‑nÂ‑, B D-]I-c-W-a‑p-]-t‑b‑m-K‑n¨‑v a‑p-¶‑n I‑m-W‑p-¶ k‑w-K-X‑n-I-f‑p-s‑S h‑oU‑n-t‑b‑m t‑S‑m-t‑]‑mÄk‑v-I‑nb‑p‑w ]-IÀ-¯‑p-¶‑p-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p.

H-c‑p k‑v-t‑ä‑m-d‑n I-b-d‑n-b-t‑¸‑mÄ‑, Ah‑n-S‑p-s‑¯ N‑p-a-X-e-¡‑m-c³ h‑oU‑nt‑b‑m ]‑n-S‑n-¯‑w A-h-k‑m-\‑n-¸‑n-¡‑m³ B-hi‑y-s‑¸«‑p. h‑oU‑nt‑b‑m I‑y‑m-a-d-I-s‑fÃ‑m‑w \‑nÀ¯‑n. ]t‑£‑, t‑S‑m-t‑]‑mÄ-k‑vI‑n-t‑b‑m-S‑v K‑q-K‑nÄ ¥‑m-k‑v D-]-t‑b‑m-K‑n-¨‑v h‑oU‑nt‑b‑m ]‑n-S‑n-¡‑p¶-X‑v \‑nÀ-¯‑m³ A-b‑mÄ ]-d-ª‑nÃ. I‑m-cW‑w‑, A-§s‑\-s‑b‑m-c‑p h‑oU‑nt‑b‑m j‑q-«‑n-M‑v \-S-¡‑p-¶ I‑m-c‑y‑w A-b‑mÄ-¡‑v A-d‑n-b‑m³ I-g‑n-ª‑nÃ.

K‑q-K‑nÄ ¥‑m-k‑p-]-t‑b‑m-K‑n-¨‑p-Å h‑oU‑nt‑b‑m ]‑n-S‑n-¯‑w h-e‑n-b t‑X‑m-X‑ne‑pÅ k‑z-I‑m-c‑y-X‑m e‑w-L-\-§Ä-¡‑v h-g‑n-s‑X-f‑n-t‑¨¡‑m‑w F-¶ B-i¦-s‑b K‑qK‑nÄ K‑u-c-h-a‑m-b‑n I‑m-t‑W-ï‑n h-c‑p-s‑a¶‑v k‑m-c‑w. K‑q-K‑nÄ ¥‑m-k‑v H-cÀ-Y-¯‑n H-f‑n-I‑y‑m-a-d-b‑p-s‑S ^-e‑w-s‑N-¿‑p-s‑a-¶

Translate your voice

G{]nð þ sabv 2013

(40) C-{‑X-I‑m-e-h‑p‑w c‑w-K-s‑¯¯‑n-b I-¼‑y‑q-«-d‑p-It‑f‑m I-¼‑y-«‑n-M‑v D-]-I-cW-§-t‑f‑m C-{‑µ‑n-b-§-f‑p-s‑S {‑]-hÀ-¯-\-¯‑n t‑\-c‑n-«‑v C-S-s‑]-S‑p¶h B-b‑nc‑p-¶‑nÃ. F-¶‑mÂ‑, K‑q-K‑nÄ ¥‑m-k‑v A-X‑n \‑n-¶‑v h‑y-X‑y-k‑v-X-a‑m-s‑W-¶‑v "s‑FC-C-C k‑v-s‑]-{‑Î‑'¯‑n (2013 a‑mÀ-¨‑v e-¡‑w‑) Ì‑o-h‑v a‑m³ F-g‑pX‑n. H‑m-s‑ÜâU‑v d‑n-b‑m-e‑n-ä‑n AY-h‑m k-a‑o-]-b‑m-Y‑mÀ-Y‑y-s‑¯-¡‑pd‑n-¨‑p-Å ]T-\-§Ä \ÂI‑n-b "N‑n-e {‑]-[‑m-\-s‑¸-« ]‑mT-§Ä K‑q-K‑nf‑p‑w a-ä‑v I-¼-\‑n-If‑p‑w A-h-K-W‑n-¡‑p¶-X‑n R‑m³ B-i-¦-s‑¸-S‑p-¶‑p‑'s‑h-¶‑v A-t‑±-l‑w ]-d-b‑p-¶‑p. K‑q-K‑nÄ ¥‑m-k‑v D-]-t‑b‑m-K‑n-¡‑p-¶-b‑m-f‑p-s‑S he-X‑p I-®‑n-\‑v a‑p-¶‑n Z‑r-ã‑n-]-Y-¯‑n-\‑v a‑p-I-f‑ne‑m-b‑m-W‑v h‑o-U‑nt‑b‑m Z‑r-i‑y-§f‑p‑w t‑^‑m-t‑«‑m-If‑ps‑a‑m-s‑¡ {‑]-X‑y-£-s‑¸-S‑p-I. H-c‑p I-®‑n-e‑q-s‑S s‑s‑e-h‑v h‑oU‑n-t‑b‑m G-s‑d t‑\-c‑w I‑m-W‑p-¶X‑v‑, b‑q-k-d‑p-s‑S I‑m-g‑v-N-s‑b-¶ C-{‑µ‑o-b-t‑K‑m-N-c A-\‑p-`-h‑w {‑]-Z‑m-\‑w s‑N-¿‑p-¶ \‑m-U‑o-h‑y-hØ-s‑b _‑m-[‑n-t‑¨-¡‑m-‑w. Z‑oÀL-t‑\-c‑w C-¯-c-¯‑n I‑m-g‑vN-s‑b ]-c‑o-£‑n-¡‑p¶X‑v Ø‑n-ca‑m-b N‑n-e \‑mU‑o-s‑s‑h-I-e‑y-§Ä-¡‑v þ {‑]-t‑X‑y-I‑n¨‑p‑w I‑p-«‑n-I-f‑n þ I‑m-c-W-a‑m-t‑b-¡‑m‑w.

K‑q-K‑n-Ä ¥mÊv [cn¨v KqKnÄ k-l-Ø‑m-]I³ s‑kÀ-P‑n {‑_‑n-³

h‑m-Z-¯‑n I-g-¼‑pï‑v. H-f‑n-I‑y‑m-a-d-IÄ k‑r-ã‑n-¡‑p-¶ `‑oj-W‑n ]-X‑n³-a-S-§‑m-b‑n hÀ-[‑n-¡‑m³ K‑q-K‑nÄ ¥‑m-k‑v hg‑n-s‑b‑m-c‑p¡‑p-s‑a-¶‑m-W‑v h‑m-Z‑w.

K‑q-K‑nÄ ¥‑m-k‑v h-c‑p-¯‑m-h‑p-¶ {‑]-i‑v\-§-s‑f¸-ä‑n K‑u-c-h-X-c-a‑m-b N‑n-e N‑n´-IÄ ]-¦‑p-s‑h-¨‑n-«‑p-ÅX‑v‑, b‑p.F-k‑n a-k‑m-N‑y‑q-s‑k-ä‑v-k‑v C³-Ì‑n-«‑y‑q«‑v H‑m-^‑v s‑S-I‑v-t‑\‑mfP‑n (F‑w.s‑F.S‑n‑) b‑n-s‑e k‑vä‑o-h‑v a‑m³ B-W‑v. X-e-b‑n-e-W‑n-b‑m-h‑p-¶ I-¼‑y‑q-«À D-]-I-c-W-§-Ä h‑n-I-k‑n-¸‑n¡‑p-¶-X‑n-e‑p‑w‑, H‑m-s‑Üâ-U‑v d‑n-b‑m-e‑n-ä‑ns‑b- B-g-¯‑n a-\-k‑n-e‑m-¡‑p-¶-X‑ne‑p‑w a‑q-¶-c ]-X‑n-ä‑m-ï‑n-s‑â K-t‑hjW ]-c‑n-Nb-a‑p-Å h‑yà‑nb‑m-W‑v Ì‑o-h‑v a‑m³.

C-{‑X-I‑m-e-h‑p‑w c‑w-K-s‑¯¯‑n-b I-¼‑y‑q-«-d‑p-It‑f‑m I-¼‑y-«‑n-M‑v D-]-I-cW§-t‑f‑m C-{‑µ‑n-b-§-f‑p-s‑S {‑]-hÀ-¯-\¯‑n t‑\-c‑n-«‑v C-S-s‑]-S‑p¶h B-b‑n-c‑p¶‑nÃ. F-¶‑mÂ‑, K‑q-K‑nÄ ¥‑m-k‑v A-X‑n \‑n-¶‑v h‑y-X‑y-k‑v-X-a‑m-s‑W-¶‑v "s‑FC-C-C k‑v-s‑]-{‑Î‑'¯‑n (2013 a‑mÀ-¨‑v e-¡‑w‑) Ì‑o-h‑v a‑m³ F-g‑pX‑n. H‑m-s‑Üâ-U‑v d‑n-b‑me‑n-ä‑n AY-h‑m k-a‑o-]-b‑m-Y‑mÀ-Y‑y-s‑¯¡‑p-d‑n-¨‑p-Å ]T-\-§Ä \ÂI‑n-b "N‑n-e {‑]-[‑m-\-s‑¸-« ]‑mT-§Ä K‑q-K‑nf‑p‑w a-ä‑v I-¼-\‑n-If‑p‑w A-h-K-W‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑n R‑m³ B-i-¦-s‑¸-S‑p-¶‑p‑'s‑h-¶‑v A-t‑±l‑w ]-d-b‑p-¶‑p.

1890 I-f‑n A-t‑a-c‑n-¡³ a-\-È‑mk‑v-{‑X-Ú\‑mb t‑P‑mÀ-P‑v k‑v-{‑S‑m-ä\-S¯‑n-b I-®-S ]-c‑o-£-W-¯‑n-s‑â I‑mc‑y‑w Ì‑o-h‑v a‑m³ N‑q-ï‑n-¡‑m-«‑p¶‑p.

G{]nð þ sabv 2013

t‑e‑m-I‑w X-e-I‑o-g‑m-b‑n I‑m-W‑m³ ]‑m-I¯‑n-e‑p-Å k‑v-s‑]-j‑y I-®-S-IÄ k‑r-ã‑n-¨‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p ]-c‑o-£W‑w. ]t‑£‑, G-X‑m\‑p‑w Z‑n-hk‑w-s‑I‑m-ï‑v k‑v-{‑S‑mä-s‑â I‑mg‑v-N X-e-t‑¨‑mÀ t‑\-s‑c-b‑m¡‑n. ¥‑m-k‑v [-c‑n-¨‑p X‑p-S-§‑n-b-t‑¸‑mg-s‑¯ I‑o-g‑v-t‑a t‑e‑mI‑w‑, t‑\-s‑c-b‑mb‑n. A-§-s‑\-s‑b¦‑nÂ‑, I-®-S a‑m-ä‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ t‑e‑m-I‑w I‑o-g‑vt‑a-e‑m-b‑n I‑mW‑p-t‑a‑m? A-X‑p-a‑p-ï‑mb‑nÃ.

X-e-t‑¨‑m-À \-S¯‑n-b N‑ne {‑I-a‑o-I-cW-a‑m-W‑v k‑v-{‑S‑mä-s‑â I‑m-g‑vN-s‑b i-c‑n-s‑¸S‑p-¯‑n-bX‑v. a‑m-{‑XaÃ‑, h‑n-N‑m-c‑n-¨-X‑ne‑p‑w I‑pd-¨‑v ka-b‑w s‑I‑m-ï‑v X-e-t‑¨‑mÀ B {‑I-a‑o-Ic-W‑w h-c‑p-¯‑p-Ib‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑p.

I-®‑p-I-f‑n-e‑q-s‑S e-`‑n-¡‑p-¶ {‑]-I‑mi‑ob h‑n-h-c-§Ä-¡‑v t‑a a-k‑v-X‑n-j‑v-¡‑w N‑n-e k‑w-K-X‑n-IÄ I‑q-«‑n-t‑¨À-¡‑p-t‑¼‑mg‑m-W‑v I‑mg‑v-N A-\‑p-`-t‑h-Z‑y-a‑m-I‑p-I. A-t‑¸‑mÄ k‑v-{‑S‑mä-s‑â ]-c‑o-£-W-¯‑n I-ï-s‑X-´‑mW? i-c‑nb‑m-b I‑m-g‑v-N (C-{‑µ‑n-b-t‑K‑m-N-c A-\‑p`h‑w‑) D-ï‑m-IX-¡ h‑n-[‑w‑, e-`‑n-¡‑p-¶ h‑n-h-c§-s‑f a-k‑v-X‑n-j‑v-¡‑w ]-c‑n-hÀ¯-\‑w s‑N-b‑v-XX‑mW‑v. a-k‑v-X‑n-j‑v-¡-¯‑ns‑â C‑u ‑"{‑I-a‑oI-cW‑w‑' H-c‑mÄ-¡‑v A-\‑p-`-h-s‑¸-S‑p¶-X‑v t‑]‑m-s‑e B-I-W-s‑a-¶‑nà a-s‑ä‑m-c‑m-f‑p-s‑S I‑m-c‑y-¯‑nÂ. A-X‑v {‑]-h-N-\‑m-X‑o-X-a‑mW‑v.

K‑q-K‑nÄ ¥‑m-k‑v D-]-t‑b‑m-K‑n-¡‑p-¶-b‑mf‑p-s‑S he-X‑p I-®‑n-\‑v a‑p-¶‑n Z‑r-ã‑n]-Y-¯‑n-\‑v a‑p-I-f‑n-e‑m-b‑m-W‑v h‑o-U‑nt‑b‑m Z‑r-i‑y-§f‑p‑w t‑^‑m-t‑«‑m-If‑p-s‑a‑m-s‑¡ {‑]-X‑y-£-s‑¸-S‑p-I. H-c‑p I-®‑n-e‑q-s‑S

s‑s‑e-h‑v h‑oU‑n-t‑b‑m G-s‑d t‑\-c‑w I‑m-W‑p¶X‑v‑, b‑q-k-d‑p-s‑S I‑m-g‑v-N-s‑b-¶ C-{‑µ‑o-bt‑K‑m-N-c A-\‑p-`-h‑w {‑]-Z‑m-\‑w s‑N-¿‑p-¶ \‑m-U‑o-h‑y-hØ-s‑b _‑m-[‑n-t‑¨-¡‑m-‑w. Z‑oÀL-t‑\-c‑w C-¯-c-¯‑n I‑m-g‑vN-s‑b ]-c‑o£‑n-¡‑p¶-X‑v Ø‑n-ca‑m-b N‑n-e \‑mU‑os‑s‑h-I-e‑y-§Ä-¡‑v þ {‑]-t‑X‑y-I‑n¨‑p‑w I‑p-«‑n-I-f‑n þ I‑m-c-W-a‑m-t‑b-¡‑m‑w. k‑m-t‑¦-X‑n-I-h‑n-Z‑y-I-Ä- a-\‑p-j‑y-s‑â I-g‑n-h‑pI-s‑f ]c‑n-t‑]‑m-j‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑n-\‑v ]-Ic‑w‑, a-\‑p-j‑y-s‑â C-{‑µ‑n-b-t‑K‑m-N-ca‑m-b I-g‑n-h‑pIs‑f B h‑n-Z‑y-b‑v-¡-\‑p-k-c‑n-¨‑v h‑n-I-e-a‑m-¡‑m³ C-S-b‑mI‑pt‑a‑m F-¶ K‑u-c-h-t‑ad‑n-b t‑N‑m-Z‑y-a‑mW‑v‑, k‑v-ä‑o-h‑v a‑m³ a‑p-t‑¶‑m-«‑v s‑h-b‑v-¡‑p-¶X‑v. K‑q-K‑n-f‑n\‑v C‑u {‑]-i‑v-\‑w A-h-K-W‑n-¡‑m³ I-g‑n-b‑nÃ‑, X‑oÀ¨. amXr`qan Hm¬sse\nð No^v k_v FUnädmWv teJI³. teJIsâ Cþsabvð: jamboori@gmail.com A-h-e‑w_‑w‑, I-S-¸‑m-S‑v : 1. K‑q-K‑nÄ

2. I used Google Glass : the future, but with monthly updates - by Joshua Topolsky (The Verge , Feb 22, 2013) 3. My “Augmediated” Life - by Steve Mann (IEEE Spectrum, March 2013) ‑

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s‑kðt‑^‑m¬ c‑mj‑v{‑S‑ob‑w‑!

s‑a‑ms‑s‑_Ât‑^‑m¬ C´‑yb‑n k‑rj‑vS‑n¨ h‑nk‑vabIca‑mb k‑ma‑ql‑ya‑mä§f‑ps‑S ]T\‑w

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ibh‑n\‑nabc‑wK¯‑v \‑mf‑nX‑phs‑c \S¶‑n«‑pÅ Gäh‑p‑w h‑n¹hIca‑mb a‑m[‑ya a‑pt‑¶äa‑mb‑n X‑nc‑n¨d‑nbs‑¸S‑p¶X‑v s‑a‑ms‑s‑_ t‑^‑mW‑ns‑â k‑mt‑¦X‑nIXb‑p‑w {‑]N‑mch‑pa‑mW‑v. t‑e‑mI P\k‑wJ‑yb‑v¡‑p X‑pe‑ya‑mI‑p‑w‑, C‑u hÀjahk‑m\t‑¯‑ms‑S k‑n½‑pIf‑ps‑S F®‑w F¶‑mW‑v AS‑p¯‑ns‑S _‑mÀkt‑e‑mWb‑n \ S¶ t‑e‑mI s‑a‑ms‑s‑_ t‑I‑m¬{‑Kk‑v ]‑pd¯‑nd¡‑nb {‑]k‑vX‑mh\ N‑qï‑n¡‑mW‑n¡‑p¶X‑v (Z l‑nµ‑p‑, 13þ3þ13‑) Fg‑p¶‑qd‑pt‑I‑mS‑n s‑a‑ms‑s‑_ Ât‑^‑m¬ IW£\‑pIf‑mW‑v t‑e‑mIs‑a‑m«‑ms‑I Ct‑¸‑mg‑pÅX‑v.

AS‑p¯ A©‑phÀj‑w s‑I‑mï‑v CX‑v Bb‑nc‑w t‑I‑mS‑nb‑mI‑p‑w. CX‑n\ À°‑w a‑pg‑ph\‑mf‑pIf‑p‑w s‑a‑ms‑s‑_ t‑^‑m¬ DSaIf‑mI‑p‑w F¶Ã. a‑p¶‑qä‑n Cc‑p]X‑pt‑I‑mS‑n Bf‑pIf‑mW‑v t‑e‑mIs‑a‑m«‑ms‑I s‑a‑ms‑s‑_ t‑^‑m¬ DSaIf‑mb‑n Ct‑¸‑mg‑pÅ-X‑v (ic‑mic‑n Hc‑mÄ¡‑v cï‑p k‑n‑w‑) 2018 H‑ms‑S CX‑v \‑m\‑qd‑pt‑I‑mS‑nb‑mI‑p‑w. a‑pg‑ph³ h‑mÀ¯‑m‑, h‑nt‑\‑mZ h‑n\‑nab a‑m[‑ya§f‑ps‑Sb‑p‑w k‑m[‑yXIf‑pd¸‑m¡‑p¶ k‑mt‑¦X‑nIX‑, h‑ne¡‑pdh‑v F¶‑nhb‑mW‑v s‑a‑ms‑s‑_ t‑^‑m¬ {‑]N‑mc¯‑ns‑â AS‑nØ‑m\ I‑mcW§Ä. Ae‑md‑w t‑¢‑m¡‑v a‑pX CâÀs‑\ä‑v hs‑c GX‑p k‑uIc‑yh‑p‑w

e`‑ya‑m¡‑p¶‑, Nc‑n{‑X¯‑ns‑e Gäh‑p‑w {‑]k‑n²a‑mb k‑web‑nX a‑m[‑ya‑w (Converged Medium) s‑a‑ms‑s‑_ Ât‑^‑m¬ BW‑v.

1990If‑ps‑S HS‑ph‑n X‑pS¡a‑n« C´‑yb‑ns‑e s‑a‑ms‑s‑_Ât‑^‑m¬ {‑] Cellphone Nation Robin Jeffrey and Assa Doron Hachette India, 2013

N‑mc‑w 2012  s‑X‑m®‑qd‑pt‑I‑mS‑nb‑mb‑n. \Kc‑, ]«W {‑]t‑Zi§f‑n h‑y‑m]\‑w X‑mcXt‑a‑y\ I‑qS‑pXe‑ms‑W¦‑ne‑p‑w h‑nZ‑qc-{‑K‑ma§f‑n t‑]‑me‑p‑w \‑nc£cX‑, Z‑mc‑n{‑Z‑y‑w‑, P‑mX‑nþaXþe‑n‑wKþhÀK h‑yX‑y‑mk§Ä F¶‑nhs‑bÃ‑m‑w ad‑nIS¶‑v s‑a‑ms‑s‑_ t‑^‑m¬ Gäh‑p‑w P\{‑]‑nba‑mb k‑mt‑¦X‑nIXb‑p‑w a‑m[‑yah‑pa‑mb‑n a‑md‑n¡g‑nª‑p. ]s‑¯‑m¼X‑m‑w \‑qä‑mï‑ns‑â HS‑ph‑nÂt‑]‑me‑p‑w `cWI‑qS‑mhi‑y§Ä¡‑p a‑m{‑Xa‑pÅ D]IcWa‑mb‑nc‑p¶‑p C´‑yb‑n s‑Se‑nt‑^‑m¬. Cc‑p]X‑m‑w \‑qä‑mï‑ns‑â cï‑m‑w ]I‑pX‑nb‑ne‑mW‑v C‑u Ø‑nX‑n a‑md‑nbX‑v. 1947  C´‑yb‑n Bs‑Ib‑pï‑mb‑nc‑p¶ Hc‑p e£‑w t‑^‑m¬ IW£\‑n _l‑p`‑qc‑n`‑mKh‑p‑w kÀ¡‑mÀ H‑m^‑ok‑pIf‑ne‑mb‑nc‑p-¶‑p.1 984  Cc‑p]¯©‑pe£a‑mb‑n DbÀ¶ s‑Se‑nt‑^‑m¬ IW£³ 1991  50 e£a‑mb‑n. s‑X‑m®‑qd‑pIf‑ps‑S HS‑ph‑n C´‑yb‑ne‑mc‑w`‑n¨ s‑a‑ms‑s‑_ t‑^‑mh‑n¹h‑w H¶c¸X‑nä‑mï‑n\‑pÅ‑n s‑X‑m®‑qd‑pt‑I‑mS‑nb‑mb‑n. C¶‑p‑w C´‑yb‑n e‑m³U‑vt‑^‑mIW£³ s‑hd‑p‑w a‑q¶‑pt‑I‑mS‑nb‑n X‑ms‑g a‑m{‑Xt‑ab‑pÅ‑q. A{‑Xt‑a ]c‑nX‑m]Ica‑mW‑v B c‑wK‑w.

F¶‑m 2000  Cc‑p]X‑p e£‑w a‑m{‑Xa‑pï‑mb‑nc‑p¶ s‑a‑ms‑s‑_ t‑^‑m¬ IW£³ 2010  A³] X‑pt‑I‑mS‑nb‑mb‑p‑w ]‑n¶‑oS‑v HähÀj‑w s‑I‑mï‑v F¬]X‑p t‑I‑mS‑nb‑mb‑p‑w G{]nð þ sabv 2013

(42) 2012  s‑X‑m®‑qd‑pt‑I‑mS‑nb‑mb‑p‑w hfÀ¶‑p (a‑p¸X‑piXa‑m\‑w C´‑y¡‑mÀ \‑nc£cc‑ms‑W¶X‑p‑w A³] X‑piXa‑m\‑w C´‑y¡‑mÀ¡‑v I¡‑qk‑nà F¶X‑p‑w Ct‑X‑mS‑p t‑NÀ¯‑p h‑mb‑n¡‑pI‑) Nc‑n{‑X¯‑n as‑ä‑mc‑p a‑m[‑ya¯‑n\‑p‑w k‑mt‑¦X‑nIh‑nZ‑y¡‑p‑w Ig‑nb‑m¯h‑n[‑w (t‑d‑m_‑n³ s‑P{‑^‑nb‑ps‑S h‑m¡‑pIf‑nÂ‑, s‑Nc‑p¸‑n\‑pt‑ij‑w‑) a\‑pj‑yP‑oh‑nXs‑¯ I‑og‑vt‑a a‑mä‑nad‑n¡‑m³ Ig‑nb‑p¶‑p‑, s‑a‑ms‑s‑_Ât‑^‑mW‑n\‑v. h‑nt‑ij‑n¨‑p‑w‑, I®S¨‑pX‑pd¡‑p¶ I‑met‑hK¯‑nÂ.

C´‑yb‑n \S¶ C‑u s‑a‑ms‑s‑_ t‑^‑m¬ h‑n¹hs‑¯¡‑pd‑n¨‑pÅ ka{‑Ka‑mb Aht‑e‑mI\ h‑p‑w C‑u a‑m[‑ya‑w k‑rj‑vS‑n¨ k‑ma‑ql‑ya‑mä§s‑f¡‑pd‑n¨‑pÅ h‑niIe\h‑pa‑mW‑v t‑d‑m_‑n³ s‑P{‑^‑nb‑p‑w Ak‑m s‑Z‑mt‑d‑mW‑p‑w t‑NÀs‑¶g‑pX‑nb ‘Cellphone Nation’ F¶{‑KÙ¯‑ns‑â DffS¡‑w.

¯‑ns‑âb‑p‑w \ch‑wii‑mk‑v{‑X¯‑n s‑âb‑p‑w a‑m{‑XaÃ‑, a‑m[‑ya]T\ ¯‑ns‑âb‑p‑w P\{‑]‑nbk‑wk‑vI‑mc]T\ ¯‑ns‑âb‑p‑w c‑oX‑ni‑mk‑v{‑X]²X‑nIÄ ]‑n³]ä‑nb‑pa‑mW‑v C‑u {‑KÙ‑w cN‑n¡s‑¸«‑nc‑n¡‑p¶X‑v.

I‑p«‑nIf‑ps‑S If‑n¸‑m«‑w a‑pX At‑[‑mt‑e‑mI\‑mbIc‑ps‑S Bb‑p[‑whs‑c; I‑pä‑mt‑\‑zjIc‑ps‑S D] IcW‑w a‑pX t‑]‑mt‑W‑m{‑K‑m^‑nb‑ps‑S P\{‑]‑nb a‑m[‑ya‑whs‑c -þ IS a[‑y¯‑ns‑e a‑p¡‑phc‑ps‑S a‑pX al‑m\Kc¯‑ns‑e t‑I‑mÀ¸t‑dä‑v Xeh·‑mc‑ps‑Shs‑c ic‑oc¯‑ns‑â `‑mKa‑mb‑n¡g‑nª s‑kÂt‑^‑mCc‑p]s‑¯‑m¶‑m‑w \‑qä‑mï‑ns‑â a‑m[‑yah‑p‑w k‑mt‑¦X‑nIXb‑p‑w k‑wk‑vI‑mch‑pa‑mW‑v. C´‑yb‑n s‑kÂt‑^‑m¬ {‑]N‑mc‑w \S¶ Hc‑p ZiI¯‑ns‑â IY B[‑p\‑nIXs‑b ]‑n´ff‑n Hc‑p P\Xb‑p‑w c‑mj‑v{‑Sh‑p‑w a‑pt‑¶‑m«‑p k©c‑n¨X‑ns‑â k‑m‑wk‑vI‑mc‑nINc‑n{‑Xa‑mb‑n

Bt‑K‑mfhÂI‑rX C´‑yb‑n s‑Se‑nIa‑y‑qW‑nt‑¡j³ h‑n¹h‑w Bc‑w`‑n¨X‑p-a‑pX (1993‑) C‑u hI‑p¸‑v `c‑n¨ ]¯‑p t‑I{‑µa{‑´‑n a‑mc‑ps‑S I‑uX‑pIIca‑mb Hc‑p N‑n{‑X‑w {‑KÙ‑w AhXc‑n¸‑n¡‑p¶‑pï‑v.

Chc‑ns‑e‑mc‑mÄ Ag‑naX‑nt‑¡k‑n Pb‑ne‑ne‑mb‑n. as‑ä‑mc‑mÄ Ag‑naX‑nb‑mt‑c‑m]Ws‑¯¯‑pSÀ¶‑v c‑mP‑nh¨‑p. a‑q¶‑mas‑X‑mc‑mÄ Ag‑naX‑nt‑¡k‑n At‑\‑zjW‑w t‑\c‑nS‑p¶‑p. C\‑nb‑ps‑a‑mc‑mÄ s‑I‑mÃs‑¸«‑p. as‑ä‑mc‑mÄ¡‑v A{‑]X‑o£‑nXa‑mb‑n hI‑p¸‑p \j‑vSs‑¸«‑p.

Hc‑mÄ Ct‑¸‑mg‑p‑w Pb‑ne‑ne‑mW‑v. C\‑nb‑ps‑a‑mc‑mÄ¡‑pt‑\‑ms‑c Ag‑naX‑nbt‑\‑zjW‑w X‑pS§‑n¡g‑nª‑p. k‑pJ‑vd‑m‑w a‑pX F.c‑mPhs‑cb‑pffhc‑ps‑S IYb‑mW‑v k‑qN‑nX‑w.

Controlling, Connecting, Consuming F¶‑n§s‑\ a‑q¶‑p`‑mK

§f‑mW‑v C‑u ]T\¯‑ne‑pffX‑v.

H¶‑m‑w`‑mK‑w h‑mÀ¯‑mh‑n\‑nabc‑wKs‑¯ k‑mt‑¦X‑nIX¡‑p‑w P\I‑obX¡‑p‑w t‑a `cWI‑qS‑w k‑rj‑vS‑n¨‑nc‑p¶ \‑nba§f‑ps‑Sb‑p‑w \‑nb{‑´W§f‑p s‑Sb‑p‑w Nc‑n{‑X‑w ]db‑p¶‑p. cï‑m‑w`‑mK‑w C´‑yb‑ns‑e s‑a‑ms‑s‑_ Ât‑^‑m¬ h‑y‑m]\¯‑ns‑â IYb‑p‑w. {‑KÙ¯‑ns‑â a‑q¶‑m‑w`‑mK‑w a‑pJ‑ya‑mb‑p‑w k‑m¼¯‑nIc‑wK‑w‑, c‑mj‑v{‑S‑ob‑w‑, K‑mÀl‑nIP‑oh‑nX‑w‑, At‑[‑mk‑wk‑vI‑mc‑w F¶‑o Xe§f‑n s‑a‑ms‑s‑_Ât‑^‑mC´‑y³ ka‑ql¯‑n k‑rj‑vS‑n¨ a‑mä§f‑ps‑S Nc‑n{‑Xa‑mb‑n a‑md‑p¶‑p. s‑kÂt‑^‑m¬ k‑mt‑¦X‑nIXb‑ps‑S ef‑nXh‑nhcW‑w‑, t‑^‑m¬k‑m{‑µXb‑ps‑S IW¡‑pIÄ‑, h‑nh‑n[ t‑aJeIf‑n \‑n¶‑pffhc‑ps‑S A`‑n{‑]‑mb§Ä‑, AS‑n¡‑pd‑n¸‑pIÄ‑, d^d³k‑pIÄ‑, t‑^‑mt‑«‑m{‑K‑m^‑pIÄ F¶‑nh ka‑r²a‑mb‑n D]t‑b‑mKs‑¸S‑p¯‑nb‑p‑w Nc‑n{‑X¯‑ns‑âb‑p‑w k‑ma‑ql‑yi‑mk‑v{‑X G{]nð þ sabv 2013

h‑niZ‑oIc‑n¡‑pIb‑mW‑v P{‑^‑nb‑p‑w s‑Z‑mt‑d‑mW‑p‑w.

Bt‑K‑mfhÂI‑rX C´‑yb‑n s‑Se‑nIa‑y‑qW‑nt‑¡j³ h‑n¹h‑w Bc‑w`‑n¨X‑p-a‑pX (1993‑) C‑u hI‑p¸‑v `c‑n¨ ]¯‑p t‑I{‑µa{‑´‑na‑mc‑ps‑S I‑uX‑pIIca‑mb Hc‑p N‑n{‑X‑w {‑KÙ‑w AhXc‑n¸‑n¡‑p¶‑pï‑v.

Chc‑ns‑e‑mc‑mÄ Ag‑naX‑nt‑¡k‑n Pb‑ne‑ne‑mb‑n. as‑ä‑mc‑mÄ Ag‑naX‑nb‑mt‑c‑m]Ws‑¯¯‑pSÀ¶‑v c‑mP‑nh¨‑p. a‑q¶‑mas‑X‑mc‑mÄ Ag‑naX‑nt‑¡k‑n At‑\‑zjW‑w t‑\c‑nS‑p¶‑p. C\‑nb‑ps‑a‑mc‑mÄ s‑I‑mÃs‑¸«‑p. as‑ä‑mc‑mÄ¡‑v A{‑] X‑o£‑nXa‑mb‑n hI‑p¸‑p \j‑vSs‑¸«‑p.

Hc‑mÄ Ct‑¸‑mg‑p‑w Pb‑ne‑ne‑mW‑v.

C\‑nb‑ps‑a‑mc‑mÄ¡‑pt‑\‑ms‑c Ag‑naX‑nbt‑\‑zjW‑w X‑pS§‑n¡g‑nª‑p. k‑pJ‑vd‑m‑w a‑pX F.c‑mPhs‑cb‑pffhc‑ps‑S IYb‑mW‑v k‑qN‑nX‑w. b‑qt‑d‑m¸‑ne‑p‑w At‑ac‑n¡b‑ne‑p‑w H¶‑m‑w t‑e‑mIb‑p²‑m\´c‑w H‑mt‑«‑ms‑a‑m_‑o h‑yhk‑mb¯‑n\‑pï‑mbX‑pt‑]‑ms‑e

(C´‑yb‑n Xs‑¶1990 If‑n s‑F.S‑n. t‑aJeb‑ne‑pï‑mbX‑pt‑]‑m s‑eb‑p‑w‑) `cWI‑qSs‑¯ ad‑nIS¶ k‑zI‑mc‑ya‑qe[\\‑nt‑£]‑w‑, s‑X‑mg‑nÂk‑m[‑yXIÄ‑, De‑v]¶¯‑ns‑â h‑y‑m]Ia‑mb {‑]N‑mc‑w‑, AX‑pa‑mä‑nad‑n¨ P\P‑oh‑nX k‑wk‑vI‑mc‑w F¶‑o Xe§f‑n C‑u \‑qä‑mï‑n s‑kÂt‑^‑m¬ h‑n¹hIca‑mb‑n CSs‑]«‑p. K‑mÀl‑nIX (Domestication)‑, {‑]IS\]cX (Performativity‑)‑, h‑n\‑nab]cX‑, k‑zI‑mc‑yX‑, s‑s‑e‑wK‑nIX‑, aX‑mßIX F¶‑n§s‑\ F{‑Xt‑b‑m Xe§f‑n \ S¯‑p¶ CSs‑]Se‑pIf‑ne‑qs‑Sb‑mW‑v "CÉe‑ma‑nI‑v s‑kÂt‑^‑m¬' a‑pX "s‑kI‑vk‑vt‑^‑m¬‑' hs‑cb‑pffh P\ {‑]‑nba‑mb‑n a‑md‑p¶X‑v. a‑p³]‑v a‑mÀj aI‑ve‑ql³ a‑pJ‑ya‑mb‑p‑w s‑Se‑nh‑nj³ a‑p³\‑nÀ¯‑n Bt‑K‑mf{‑K‑mas‑¯¡‑pd‑n¨‑p {‑]hN‑n¨X‑p t‑]‑ms‑e 1990 If‑ps‑S X‑pS¡¯‑n a‑m\‑ph I‑mÌÃk‑v "i‑r‑wJe‑mka‑ql‑w‑' (network society) F¶ k¦e‑v]\‑w NÀ¨s‑N¿‑p¶X‑ns‑â a‑pJ‑y D]‑m[‑nIf‑ns‑e‑m¶‑v s‑kÂt‑^‑m¬ BW‑v. k‑m£cXb‑p‑w h‑nhce`‑yXb‑p‑w \ÂI‑p¶ Ad‑nh‑ns‑â P\‑m[‑n]X‑yh¡cWs‑¯ s‑kÂt‑^‑m¬ h‑n¹hIca‑mb‑n a‑pt‑¶‑m«‑pI‑pX‑n¸‑n¨t‑¸‑mÄ Xs‑¶ `cWI‑qS‑w (c‑mj‑v{‑S‑ob¡‑mc‑p‑w Dt‑Z‑y‑mKØc‑p‑w‑) C‑us‑b‑mc‑p P\‑m[‑n] X‑y{‑]{‑I‑nbs‑b `bs‑¸S‑pIb‑p‑w \‑nb{‑´‑n¡‑pIb‑p‑w s‑Nb‑vXX‑ns‑â Nc‑n{‑Xa‑mW‑v Controlling F¶ H¶‑m‑w`‑mK‑w. Ad‑nh‑p‑w h‑nhch‑p‑w \‑nb{‑´‑n¨‑p\‑nÀ¯‑nb‑nc‑p¶ {‑]‑mN‑o\ C´‑y³ P‑mX‑nLS\b‑n X‑pS§‑n a‑pKÄ I‑meL«‑w ]‑n¶‑n«‑v‑, s‑I‑mt‑f‑mW‑nb I‑me¯‑v A¨S‑n c‑q] s‑¸S‑p¯‑nb s‑]‑mX‑paW‑vUe¯‑ns‑â P\‑m[‑n]X‑y{‑]{‑I‑nbb‑ns‑e¯‑n‑, B[‑p\‑nIþB[‑p\‑nI‑m\´c h‑mÀ¯‑mh‑n\‑nab k‑mt‑¦X‑nIX If‑nt‑e¡‑p k©c‑n¡‑p¶ {‑KÙ‑w‑, C‑u H‑mt‑c‑m L«¯‑ne‑p‑w \‑ne\‑n¶ A[‑oi ià‑nIf‑ps‑S Ad‑nh‑p\‑nb{‑´W X{‑´§f‑ps‑S NÀ¨b‑ne‑mW‑v D‑u¶‑p¶X‑v.

AeI‑vk‑mïÀ {‑Kl‑m‑ws‑_ 1876 e‑mW‑v s‑Se‑nt‑^‑m¬ c‑q] Ie‑v]\ s‑N¿‑p¶X‑v. 1878  Xs‑¶ X‑nc‑ph‑nX‑m‑wI‑qÀ c‑mPs‑I‑m«‑mc¯‑n s‑Se‑nt‑^‑m¬ Ø‑m]‑nXa‑mb‑n. a‑q¶‑phÀj¯‑n\‑pff‑n s‑Ns‑s‑¶ b‑ne‑p‑w a‑p‑w_b‑ne‑p‑w I¡¯b‑ne‑p‑w k‑zI‑mc‑ys‑Set‑^‑m¬ I¼\‑nIÄ \‑neh‑nÂh¶‑p. ]s‑£ kÀ¡‑mÀ k‑uIc‑y§Ä¡‑pa‑m{‑Xa‑mW‑v t‑^‑m¬

(43)

t‑d‑m_‑n³ s‑P{‑^‑nb‑p‑w Ak‑m s‑Z‑mt‑d‑mW‑p‑w

c‑mP‑o-h‑vK‑mÔ‑nb‑p‑w k‑m‑w]‑nt‑{‑X‑mUb‑p‑w t‑NÀ¶‑p X‑pS¡a‑n« C´‑y³ s‑Se‑nI‑m‑w h‑n¹h¯‑ns‑â cï‑m‑wL«a‑mW‑v 1999 e‑mc‑w`‑n¡‑p¶ s‑kÂt‑^‑m¬ h‑y‑m]\‑w. 2000þ _‑n.Fk‑v.F³.FÂ. Ø‑m]‑nXa‑mb‑n. k-a‑m´ca‑mb‑n k‑zI‑mc‑ys‑Se‑nt‑I‑m‑w H‑m¸t‑däÀa‑mc‑p‑w c‑wKs‑¯¯‑n. X‑pSÀ¶‑pffX‑p Nc‑n{‑Xa‑mW‑v. Ac-\‑qä‑mï‑ns‑â _‑m¡‑n]{‑Xa‑mb‑n cïct‑I‑mS‑n (AX‑n cï‑pt‑I‑mS‑nb‑p‑w 91þ98 I‑me¯‑nt‑âX‑mW‑v‑!‑) e‑m³U‑vt‑^‑m¬ IW£\‑pIf‑n \‑n¶‑v s‑X‑m®‑qd‑pt‑I‑mS‑nb‑mb‑n hfÀ¶‑p‑, ]{‑´ï‑phÀj‑ws‑I‑mï‑v C´‑yb‑ns‑e t‑^‑m¬ {‑]N‑mc‑w.

A\‑phZ‑n¡s‑¸«X‑v. b{‑´\‑mKc‑nIX s‑bb‑p‑w h‑mW‑nt‑P‑y‑m·‑pJa‑mb B[‑p\‑nIa‑m[‑ya§s‑fb‑p‑w (]{‑X‑w‑, t‑dU‑nt‑b‑m‑, k‑n\‑na...‑) AS‑na‑pS‑n FX‑nÀ¯ al‑mß‑mK‑mÔ‑n¡‑v s‑Se‑nt‑^‑m¬ {‑]‑nbs‑¸«X‑mb‑nc‑p¶‑p s‑h¶‑v P{‑^‑n t‑cJs‑¸S‑p¯‑p¶‑p. k‑zX{‑´ C´‑yb‑ne‑p‑w t‑dU‑nt‑b‑m‑, t‑^‑m¬ X‑pS§‑nbhb‑v¡‑pt‑a `cWI‑qS‑w ]‑peÀ¯‑nt‑¸‑m¶ A[‑nI‑mc‑, DSaØX‑mI‑p¯Ib‑ps‑S Nc‑n{‑X‑w Bt‑K‑mfh¡cWa‑mc‑w`‑n ¨t‑X‑ms‑Sb‑mW‑v CÃ‑mX‑mbX‑v. c‑mP‑oh‑vK‑mÔ‑nb‑p‑w k‑m‑w]‑nt‑{‑X‑mUb‑p‑w t‑NÀ¶‑p X‑pS¡a‑n« C´‑y³ s‑Se‑nI‑m‑w

h‑n¹h¯‑ns‑â cï‑m‑wL«a‑mW‑v 1999 e‑mc‑w`‑n¡‑p¶ s‑kÂt‑^‑mh‑y‑m]\‑w. 2000þÂ _‑n.Fk‑v.

F³.FÂ. Ø‑m]‑nXa‑mb‑n. k-a‑m´ca‑mb‑n k‑zI‑mc‑ys‑Se‑nt‑I‑m‑w H‑m¸t‑däÀa‑mc‑p‑w c‑wKs‑¯¯‑n.

X‑pSÀ¶‑pffX‑p Nc‑n{‑Xa‑mW‑v. Ac\‑qä‑mï‑ns‑â _‑m¡‑n]{‑Xa‑mb‑n cïct‑I‑mS‑n (AX‑n cï‑pt‑I‑mS‑nb‑p‑w 91þ98 I‑me¯‑nt‑âX‑mW‑v‑!‑) e‑m³U‑vt‑^‑m¬ IW£\‑pIf‑n \‑n¶‑v s‑X‑m®‑qd‑pt‑I‑mS‑nb‑mb‑n hfÀ¶‑p‑, ]{‑´ï‑phÀj‑ws‑I‑mï‑v C´‑yb‑ns‑e t‑^‑m¬ {‑]N‑mc‑w. t‑e‑mIs‑¯Xs‑¶ Gäh‑p‑w he‑nb Ag‑naX‑nIf‑ns‑e‑m¶‑mb‑n

Ic‑p-Xs‑¸ S‑p¶ S‑pP‑nk‑vs‑]I‑v{‑S‑w t‑Ik‑ns‑â h‑n]‑pea‑mb NÀ¨t‑b‑ms‑S C‑u `‑mK‑w Ahk‑m\‑n¡‑p¶‑p. cï‑m‑w`‑mKa‑mb ’Connecting‑’‑, C´‑yb‑n \S¶ s‑kÂt‑^‑mh‑y‑m]\¯‑ns‑â Nc‑n{‑Xa‑mW‑v. kÀ¡‑mÀ‑, s‑a‑ms‑s‑_Ât‑^‑m¬ t‑kh\Z‑mX‑m¡Ä‑, l‑m³U‑vs‑kä‑v \‑nÀ½‑mX‑m¡Ä‑, k‑vs‑] j‑y C¡t‑W‑ma‑nI‑v t‑k‑mW‑pIÄ‑, ] ck‑y§Ä‑, d‑os‑Sb‑n h‑y‑m]‑mc‑nIÄ‑, s‑a¡‑m\‑n¡‑pIÄ‑, s‑a‑ms‑s‑_ Shd‑pIÄ... s‑kÂt‑^‑mh‑yhk‑mb¯‑ns‑â h‑nh‑n[ aW‑vUe§Ä a‑p³\‑nÀ¯‑n P{‑^‑nb‑p‑w s‑Z‑mt‑d‑mW‑p‑w C‑u Nc‑n{‑X‑w A\‑mhcW‑w s‑N¿‑p¶‑p. 1995  FbÀs‑S C´‑yb‑ns‑e¯‑ns‑b¦‑ne‑p‑w 2001  t‑]‑me‑p‑w Bs‑I s‑a‑ms‑s‑_Ât‑^‑m\‑m¸X‑pe£‑w a‑m{‑Xa‑mb‑nc‑p¶‑p. k‑m[‑mcW l‑m³U‑v s‑kä‑n\‑pt‑]‑me‑p‑w Cc‑p]X‑n\‑mb‑nc¯‑ne[‑nI‑w c‑q] h‑neb‑pï‑mb‑nc‑p¶‑p. Hc‑p a‑n\‑nä‑v k‑wk‑mc‑n¡‑m\‑pff I‑pdª X‑mc‑n^‑v \‑nc¡‑v 16 c‑q]b‑p‑w. 2002þ Ø‑nX‑na‑md‑n. X‑mc‑n^‑v cï‑pc‑q] b‑mb‑n. l‑m³U‑v s‑kä‑pIf‑ps‑S h‑neI‑pdª‑p X‑pS§‑n. ]ck‑y§f‑ps‑S aes‑hff¸‑m¨‑ne‑n a‑pg‑ph³ a‑m[‑ya§f‑p‑w k¼¶c‑mb‑n. l¨‑v a‑m{‑X‑w 2002þ2006 I‑me¯‑v H¶ct‑I‑mS‑n hc‑n¡‑ms‑c t‑\S‑n. l¨‑ns‑â H‑mlc‑nIÄ 2007  t‑h‑mUt‑^‑m¬ h‑m§‑n. 2010 Bbt‑¸‑mt‑g¡‑p‑w ]¯‑pt‑I‑mS‑nhc‑n¡‑mÀ t‑h‑mUt‑^‑mW‑n\‑pï‑mb‑n. ]{‑´ï‑p e£‑w ISIf‑n t‑h‑mUt‑^‑me`‑ya‑mb‑n. Gs‑d¡‑ps‑d ka‑m\a‑mW‑v FbÀs‑SÂ‑, d‑neb³k‑v‑, s‑FU‑nb X‑pS§‑nb aä‑p ]e s‑kÂt‑^‑mI¼\‑nIf‑ps‑Sb‑p‑w IY. l‑m³U‑v s‑kä‑v De‑v]‑mZ\c‑wK¯‑p‑w ka‑m´ca‑mb Nc‑n{‑X§fct‑§d‑n.

Bb‑nc¡W¡‑n\‑p s‑X‑mg‑ne‑mf‑nIs‑f a‑p³\‑nÀ¯‑n Bt‑K‑mfh¡cW I‑me¯‑v C´‑yb‑ns‑e¯‑nb h‑nt‑Zi I‑mÀI¼\‑nI-f‑pt‑SX‑pt‑]‑ms‑e‑, h‑ni‑me a‑mb {‑]t‑X‑yIk‑m¼¯‑nIt‑aJeIÄ I¿S¡‑n‑, t‑\‑m¡‑nb t‑]‑me‑pff I¼\‑nIÄ c‑wK¯‑ph¶‑p. FÂ.P‑n‑, k‑m‑wk‑wK‑v‑, t‑k‑mW‑n X‑pS§‑nbh t‑hs‑db‑p‑w. H‑mt‑c‑m¶‑p‑w Bt‑K‑mfI‑p¯ IIÄ. ka‑m´ca‑mb‑n h‑neI‑pdª s‑s‑N\‑m s‑a‑ms‑s‑_e‑ns‑â t‑e‑mIh‑p‑w. d‑os‑Sb‑n ISIf‑ps‑S Nc‑n{‑X‑w t‑]‑me‑p‑w h‑nk‑vabIca‑mW‑v. 2000  s‑Ns‑s‑¶b‑n ‑"b‑qW‑nt‑hÀ s‑kÂ' F¶ IS X‑pS§‑nb kX‑oi‑v _‑m_‑ph‑ns‑â P‑oh‑nX‑w P{‑^‑n DZ‑mlc‑n¡‑p¶‑p. 2007  Gg‑pISb‑mb‑n _‑m_‑ph‑n\‑v. 2010  Z£‑nt‑W´‑yb‑ns‑e¼‑mS‑p‑w a‑p‑w_b‑ne‑p‑w G{]nð þ sabv 2013

(44) ZÂl‑nb‑ne‑pa‑mb‑n a‑p¶‑qd‑pISIÄ. {‑]X‑nhÀj‑w Cc‑p]¯©‑p e£‑w l‑m³U‑v s‑kä‑pIf‑ps‑S h‑n¸\.

Bb‑nc¯ª‑qd‑pP‑oh\¡‑mÀ.

600t‑I‑mS‑nb‑ps‑S h‑nä‑phch‑v. s‑a‑ms‑s‑_ Shd‑pIf‑mW‑v as‑ä‑mc‑p t‑aJe. \‑me‑pe£‑w Shd‑pIf‑pï‑v C´‑yb‑nÂ. Ch t‑\c‑n«‑v s‑X‑mg‑n \ ÂI‑p¶X‑v Hc‑p e£‑w t‑]À¡‑v. H‑mt‑c‑m Shd‑ns‑âb‑p‑w {‑]X‑na‑mk h‑mSI‑, A¿‑mb‑nc‑w a‑pX a‑p¸X‑n\‑mb‑nc‑whs‑c‑, hc‑pa‑m\‑w \ÂI‑p¶X‑v \‑me‑pe£‑w I‑pS‑p‑w_§Ä¡‑p‑w. a‑m[‑ya§f‑p‑w ]ck‑y§f‑p‑w t‑NÀ¶‑v k‑rj‑vS‑n¨ s‑a‑ms‑s‑_ k‑wk‑vI‑mc¯‑ns‑â t‑e‑mI‑w as‑ä‑m¶‑mW‑v. {‑KÙ¯‑ns‑â ]I‑pX‑nhc‑p¶ a‑q¶‑m‑w`‑mK¯‑v {‑][‑m\a‑mb‑p‑w \‑me‑v P‑oh‑nXt‑aJeIf‑n s‑k t‑^‑m¬ k‑rj‑vS‑n¡‑p¶ {‑]`‑mh‑w h‑niIe\‑w s‑N¿‑p¶‑p. ka‑ql¯‑ns‑e h‑nh‑n[k‑m¼¯‑nI a-W‑vUe§f‑n s‑kÂt‑^‑mhc‑p¯‑nb a‑mä§f‑mW‑v Hc‑p h‑njb‑w.

I‑rj‑n a‑pX aÕ‑y_Ô\‑whs‑c; s‑Nd‑pI‑nSh‑y‑m]‑mc‑w a‑pX _‑m¦‑n‑wK‑v h-s‑c þ H‑mt‑c‑m¶‑ne‑p‑w Ah‑ni‑zk\‑oba‑mb a‑mä§f‑mW‑v s‑kÂt‑^‑mhc‑p¯‑nb‑n«‑pffX‑v. t‑Icf¯‑ns‑e aÕ‑ys‑¯‑mg‑ne‑mf‑nIf‑ps‑S IY {‑KÙ‑w h‑nhc‑n¡‑p¶‑p. 2001  \‑y‑qt‑b‑mÀ¡‑v s‑s‑S‑wk‑n kc‑nX‑md‑mb‑v Fg‑pX‑nb ^‑o¨d‑nÂ‑, t‑Icf¯‑ns‑e aÕ‑ys‑¯‑mg‑ne‑mf‑nIÄ s‑kÂt‑^‑m¬ hg‑n s‑s‑Ihc‑n¨ P‑oh‑nXa‑mä¯‑ns‑â IY h‑nhc‑n¡s‑¸«‑p. h‑mj‑n‑wK‑vSt‑]‑mÌ‑ns‑â s‑Ih‑n³ kff‑nh³‑, I‑qS‑pX h‑ne I‑n«‑p¶ h‑n]W‑nb‑n hffaS‑p¸‑n¡‑m³ a‑p¡‑phÀ¡‑p Ig‑nªt‑X‑ms‑S a‑p¡‑phc‑ps‑S P‑oh‑nX¯‑n\‑pï‑mb a‑mä‑w h‑nhc‑n¨‑p. "s‑N½‑o³ k‑n\‑nab‑n \‑m‑w IïX‑p t‑]‑ms‑e‑, CS\‑ne¡‑mc‑ps‑S N‑qjW¯‑n\‑v C\‑nt‑a a‑p¡‑phÀ CcIf‑mt‑Iï‑nh-c‑nÃ' þ P{‑^‑n Fg‑pX‑p¶‑p. c‑mj‑v{‑S‑obc‑wK¯‑v s‑kÂt‑^‑mk‑rj‑vS‑n¨ h‑n¹ha‑mW‑v as‑ä‑mc‑p h‑njb‑w. t‑hs‑d‑mc‑p a‑m[‑ya¯‑n\‑p‑w Ig‑nb‑m¯h‑n[‑w {‑]‑m´hÂI‑rXh‑n`‑mK§Ä¡‑v c‑mj‑v{‑S‑ob‑mhI‑mi§f‑p‑w A[‑nI‑mc§f‑p‑w k‑w_Ô‑n¨ Ad‑nh‑p ]IÀ¶‑ps‑I‑mS‑p¯‑p‑, s‑kÂt‑^‑m¬.

2007þs‑e b‑p.]‑n.s‑Xcs‑ªS‑p¸‑n _‑n.Fk‑v.]‑n. k‑rj‑vS‑n¨ s‑a‑ms‑s‑_ Ât‑^‑m¬ {‑]N‑mcWXc‑wK‑w P{‑^‑nb‑p‑w s‑Z‑mt‑d‑mW‑p‑w h‑niZa‑mb‑n ]T‑n¡‑p¶‑p.

2012 Â Ct‑X X{‑´‑w ]bä‑n Fk‑v.]‑n.

G{]nð þ sabv 2013

I‑rj‑n a‑pX aÕ‑y_Ô\‑whs‑c; s‑Nd‑pI‑nSh‑y‑m]‑mc‑w a‑pX _‑m¦‑n‑wK‑v h-s‑c þ H‑mt‑c‑m¶‑ne‑p‑w Ah‑ni‑zk\‑oba‑mb a‑mä§f‑mW‑v s‑kÂt‑^‑m¬ hc‑p¯‑nb‑n«‑pffX‑v. t‑Icf¯‑ns‑e aÕ‑ys‑¯‑mg‑ne‑mf‑nIf‑ps‑S IY {‑KÙ‑w h‑nhc‑n¡‑p¶‑p. 2001  \‑y‑qt‑b‑mÀ¡‑v s‑s‑S‑wk‑n kc‑nX‑md‑mb‑v Fg‑pX‑nb ^‑o¨d‑nÂ‑, t‑Icf¯‑ns‑e aÕ‑ys‑¯‑m-g‑ne‑mf‑nIÄ s‑kÂt‑^‑m¬ hg‑n s‑s‑Ihc‑n¨ P‑oh‑nXa‑mä¯‑ns‑â IY h‑nhc‑n¡s‑¸«‑p. h‑mj‑n‑wK‑vSt‑]‑mÌ‑ns‑â s‑Ih‑n³ kff‑nh³‑, I‑qS‑pX h‑ne I‑n«‑p¶ h‑n]W‑nb‑n hffaS‑p¸‑n¡‑m³ a‑p¡‑phÀ¡‑p Ig‑nªt‑X‑ms‑S a‑p¡‑phc‑ps‑S P‑oh‑nX¯‑n\‑pï‑mb a‑mä‑w h‑nhc‑n¨‑p. "s‑N½‑o³ k‑n\‑nab‑n \‑m‑w IïX‑p t‑]‑ms‑e‑, CS\‑ne¡‑mc‑ps‑S N‑qjW¯‑n\‑v C\‑nt‑a a‑p¡‑phÀ CcIf‑mt‑Iï‑nh-c‑nÃ' þ P{‑^‑n Fg‑pX‑p¶‑p. h‑nPb‑w s‑I‑mb‑vX‑p. c‑mj‑v{‑S‑ob{‑] t‑£‑m`§Ä c‑q]‑w s‑I‑mff‑p¶X‑n\‑p ]‑n¶‑n a-t‑äX‑p a‑m[‑yas‑¯¡‑mÄ ]¦‑v s‑kÂt‑^‑mW‑n\‑pï‑v F¶X‑ns‑â s‑Xf‑nh‑pIÄ C‑u \‑qä‑mï‑ne‑pS\‑of‑w t‑e‑mIs‑a§‑p‑w \‑n¶‑v d‑nt‑¸‑mÀ«‑p s‑N¿s‑¸«‑n«‑pï‑v.

2001  ^‑ne‑n¸‑o³k‑n {‑] k‑nUâ‑v Fk‑v{‑S‑mUs‑¡X‑ns‑c \S¶ Ie‑m]‑w a‑pX Ad_‑v hk´h‑p‑w A®‑mlk‑ms‑c {‑]Ø‑m\h‑p‑w hs‑c DZ‑mlcW‑w.

K‑mÀl‑nIP‑oh‑nX¯‑nÂ‑, h‑nt‑ij‑n¨‑v k‑v{‑X‑oIf‑ps‑S P‑oh‑nX¯‑n s‑kÂt‑^‑m¬ k‑rj‑vS‑n¡‑p¶ a‑mä§f‑mW‑v as‑ä‑mc‑p h‑njb‑w.

C´‑y³ P‑mX‑nka‑ql§f‑p‑w aXa‑ue‑nIh‑mZ‑nIf‑p‑w k‑v{‑X‑ok‑z‑mX{‑´‑y‑w \‑nb{‑´‑n¡‑m\‑pff Hc‑p]‑m[‑nb‑mb‑n s‑kÂt‑^‑m\‑nt‑c‑m[\s‑¯ I‑mW‑p¶‑p. s‑kÂt‑^‑mW‑n k‑wk‑mc‑n¨X‑n\‑v aIs‑f s‑I‑m¶ ]‑nX‑mh‑p‑w‑, k‑v{‑X‑oIÄ¡‑v s‑kÂt‑^‑mh‑ne¡‑p¶ ]©‑mb¯‑pIf‑p‑w \‑nc´c‑w h‑mÀ¯If‑n CS‑w]‑nS‑n¡‑p¶‑p. {‑]Wb‑w a‑pX Z‑m¼X‑y‑w hs‑cb‑p‑w aX‑mßIX a‑pX h‑nh‑mt‑lXc_豈 hs‑cb‑pa‑pff \‑nch[‑n c‑wK§f‑n s‑kÂt‑^‑m¬ h‑yà‑nIÄ¡‑p‑w I‑p-S‑p‑w_§Ä¡‑pa‑nSb‑n k‑rj‑vS‑n¡‑p¶ ]‑pX‑nb t‑e‑mI§Ä C‑u ]T\‑w N‑qï‑n¡‑mW‑n¡‑p¶‑p. k‑zI‑mc‑yXb‑ps‑S ]‑pX‑nb X‑pc‑p¯‑pIÄ s‑kÂt‑^‑m¬ hg‑n \‑nÀ½‑n¡s‑¸S‑p¶‑p. k‑v{‑X‑oIÄ C‑u a‑m[‑yas‑¯ X§f‑ps‑S k‑z‑mX{‑´‑y¯‑ns‑â `‑mKa‑mb‑n I‑mW‑p¶‑p. ]et‑¸‑mg‑p‑w k‑wibZ‑rj‑vS‑nt‑b‑ms‑S k‑v{‑X‑os‑b I‑mW‑m³ ]‑pc‑pj‑m[‑n]X‑yka‑ql‑w X‑mÂ]c‑y‑w I‑mW‑n¡‑p¶X‑v hk‑v{‑X[‑mcW¯‑ne‑p‑w s‑kÂt‑^‑mD]t‑b‑mK¯‑ne‑p‑w k‑v{‑X‑o¡‑pff k‑z‑mX{‑´‑y‑w a‑p³\‑nÀ¯‑nb‑mW‑v.

s‑kÂt‑^‑m¬ k‑wk‑vI‑mc¯‑ns‑â as‑ä‑mc‑p C´‑y³ k‑z`‑mha‑mb‑n P{‑^‑n NÀ¨s‑N¿‑p¶X‑v (as‑äh‑ns‑Sb‑ps‑a¶t‑]‑ms‑e‑) At‑[‑mk‑wk‑vI‑mc¯‑ns‑â `‑mKa‑mb‑n C‑u D]IcW¯‑n\‑p s‑s‑Ihc‑p¶ k‑z`‑mh§f‑mW‑v. k‑v{‑X‑oIs‑f ie‑y‑w s‑N¿‑p¶ s‑at‑ÊP‑pIf‑p‑w a‑nk‑vt‑I‑mf‑pIf‑p‑ws‑X‑m«‑v c‑mP‑y‑m´c I‑päh‑mf‑nIf‑ps‑S CSs‑] Se‑pIÄhs‑c. t‑]‑mt‑W‑m{‑K^‑n a‑pX h‑y‑mPt‑e‑m«d‑nIÄhs‑c. ‑"s‑s‑k_À s‑s‑{‑I‑w‑' F¶ Hc‑p aW‑vUe‑w Xs‑¶ c‑q]‑ws‑I‑mï‑nc‑n¡‑p¶‑p‑, CâÀs‑\ä‑v a‑pX s‑kÂt‑^‑m¬ hs‑cb‑pff a‑m[‑ya§f‑ps‑S Z‑pc‑p]t‑b‑mK‑whg‑n.

H‑mt‑c‑m t‑aJes‑bb‑p‑w I‑pd‑n¨‑pff h‑niZa‑mb NÀ¨ C‑u {‑KÙ¯‑ne‑pï‑v.

"D]k‑wl‑mc‑'¯‑nÂ‑, s‑kÂt‑^‑mk‑wk‑vI‑mc‑w k‑rj‑vS‑n¡‑p¶ Bt‑c‑mK‑y‑, a‑me‑n\‑y{‑]i‑v\§Ä a‑pX k‑zI‑mc‑yXb‑nt‑e¡‑pff IS¶‑pIbä‑whs‑c NÀ¨s‑N¿s‑¸S‑p¶‑p.

BÄ¡‑q«¯‑n X\‑ns‑b P‑oh‑n¡‑m\‑pff a\‑pj‑ys‑â B{‑Kls‑¯ C{‑Xs‑b¦‑ne‑p‑w k^ea‑m¡‑nb as‑ä‑mc‑p Iï‑p]‑nS‑p¯a‑nÃ. s‑s‑k_À P\‑m[‑n] X‑y¯‑ns‑â s‑I‑mS‑nbSb‑mfa‑mb‑n a‑md‑pt‑¼‑mÄ Xs‑¶ s‑kÂt‑^‑m¬ h‑n] W‑n A[‑n\‑nt‑hi¯‑ns‑â a‑m[‑yaa‑mb‑p‑w a‑md‑p¶‑p. C´‑y³‑, t‑Icf‑ob k‑ma‑ql‑y‑, a‑m[‑ya k‑wk‑vI‑mc]T\§f‑n Gäh‑p‑w {‑I‑nb‑mßIa‑mb‑n CSs‑]S‑p¶ t‑d‑m_‑n³ P{‑^‑nb‑ps‑S Gäh‑p‑w ]‑pX‑nb {‑KÙs‑a¶ \‑neb‑n k‑ma‑ql‑y] T‑nX‑m¡f‑p‑w a‑m[‑ya]T‑nX‑m¡f‑p‑w {‑i²‑nt‑¡ïX‑mW‑v "s‑kÂt‑^‑m¬ t‑\ j³'. h‑nt‑ij‑n¨‑p‑w as‑ä‑mc‑p ]T\‑w C‑u c‑wK¯‑v CÃ‑m¯ k‑mlNc‑y¯‑nÂ. {ioi¦c kÀÆIemimebnð aebmfw A[ym]I\mWv teJI³. teJIsâ Cþsabvð: shajijacob67@gmail.com

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\yqkv s\äv C.]n.jmPpZo³ BtKmf am[yacwKs¯ ]pXnb {]hWXIfpw hmÀ¯Ifpw a\Ênem¡m\pXIpó anI¨ aoUnb sh_vsskäpIsf ]cnNbs¸Sp¯pIbmWv Cu ]wàn. am[yacwK¯v {]hÀ¯n¡póhÀ¡pw am[yahnZymÀ°nIÄ¡pw Hcpt]mse {]tbmP\{]Zambncn¡pw Cu sskäpIfnð \nópw e`n¡pó hnhc§Ä.

b‑q¯‑v t‑PWe‑nk‑w

I‑ua‑mc¡‑mÀ¡‑v t‑PWe‑nk‑w h‑nZ‑y‑m`‑y‑mk‑w \e‑vI‑m³ Dt‑±i‑n¨‑pÅ s‑h_‑vs‑s‑kä‑v BW‑v http://youthjournalism.org.

At‑ac‑n¡b‑ns‑e IWÎ‑n¡«‑n 1994 s‑Nd‑nb k‑wc‑w`a‑mb‑n cï‑v a‑pX‑nÀ¶ ]{‑X{‑]hÀ¯IÀ Bc‑w`‑n¨ C‑u {‑] Ø‑m\‑w 2007 Bt‑K‑mf k‑wc‑w`a‑mb‑n.

12 a‑pX 24 hs‑c {‑]‑mba‑pÅhÀ¡‑v k‑uP\‑y h‑nZ‑y‑m`‑y‑mk‑w \e‑vI‑p¶X‑mW‑vC‑u s‑h_‑vs‑s‑kä‑v. h‑nZ‑y‑mÀY‑nIÄ¡‑v h‑o«‑ne‑nc‑p¶‑v ]T‑n¡‑m‑w. {‑]a‑pJc‑pa‑mb‑n Ia‑y‑qW‑nt‑¡j³ k‑w_Ô‑n¨ I‑mc‑y§Ä t‑N‑mZ‑n¨‑p a\k‑ne‑m¡‑m‑w.

At‑ac‑n¡ I‑qS‑ms‑X 40 c‑mP‑y§f‑n Ch‑nS‑ps‑¯ h‑nZ‑y‑mÀY‑nIÄ Dï‑v. cN\‑m s‑s‑ie‑n‑, ]{‑X{‑]hÀ¯\ ac‑y‑mZIÄ‑, ]{‑X{‑]hÀ¯Is‑â N‑paXeIÄ X‑pS§‑nb I‑mc‑y§f‑mW‑v- {‑][‑m\a‑mb‑p‑w ]T‑n¸‑n¡‑p¶X‑v. b‑q¯‑v t‑PWe‑nks‑¯¡‑pd‑n¨‑v {‑]k‑n²‑oIc‑n¡s‑¸«‑n«‑pÅ \‑nch[‑n t‑eJ\§Ä C‑u s‑s‑kä‑n \e‑vI‑nb‑n«‑pï‑v. AX‑n \‑n¶‑p Xs‑¶ CX‑ns‑â {‑]hÀ¯\‑w k‑w_Ô‑n¨‑p a\k‑ne‑m¡‑mh‑p¶X‑mW‑v-. t‑e‑mIs‑a¼‑mS‑p‑w IĨd A‑w_‑mkUÀa‑mc‑pï‑v C‑u {‑] Ø‑m\¯‑n\‑v-. s‑Ns‑s‑¶b‑ns‑e s‑F.s‑F.S‑n h‑nZ‑y‑mÀY‑n ]‑pj‑vI i‑nh‑w BW‑v- C´‑yb‑ns‑e A‑w_‑mkUÀ.

CX‑p hg‑n F§s‑\ ]{‑X{‑]hÀ¯\‑w ]T‑n¡‑ms‑a¶X‑p k‑w_Ô‑n¨‑v [‑mc‑mf‑w h‑nhc§Ä CX‑ns‑â F^‑v.F.I‑y‑p h‑n`‑mK¯‑n \‑n¶‑p Is‑ï¯‑m‑w. [‑mc‑mf‑w h‑nhc§Ä CX‑ns‑â t‑l‑m‑w t‑]P‑n \‑n¶‑p Xs‑¶ Is‑ï¯‑m‑w. t‑e‑mI¯‑ns‑â h‑nh‑n[ `‑mK§f‑n \‑n¶‑v C³Ì‑nä‑y‑q«‑ns‑â h‑nZ‑y‑mÀY‑nIÄ Fg‑pX‑nb h‑mÀ¯If‑p‑w t‑eJ\§f‑p‑w

t‑l‑m‑w t‑]P‑n Xs‑¶b‑pï‑v.

Ch h‑nZ‑y‑mÀY‑nIf‑pt‑S \‑neh‑mc‑w h‑yàa‑m¡‑p¶‑p. h‑nh‑n[ c‑mP‑y§f‑ps‑S k‑wk‑vI‑mc‑w a\Ê‑ne‑m¡‑m\‑p‑w DN‑nXa‑mW‑nX‑v.

CX‑ns‑â {‑]k‑vd‑q‑w h‑n`‑mK¯‑n \‑n¶‑v ]{‑X{‑]hÀ¯\ t‑aJe k‑w_Ô‑n¨ ]‑pX‑nb BÀ«‑n¡‑nf‑pIf‑p‑w h‑nh‑n[ t‑eJ\§f‑nt‑e¡‑pÅ e‑n¦‑pIf‑p‑w I‑n«‑p‑w.

t‑¥‑m_ð FU‑nt‑äg‑vk‑v s‑\ävhÀ¡‑v

t‑PWe‑nÌ‑v FI‑vk‑v{‑]k‑v

]{‑X{‑]hÀ¯\‑w k‑w_Ô‑n¨ ]‑pX‑nb h‑nhc§Ä FU‑näÀa‑mÀ¡‑nS b‑n s‑s‑Ia‑mä‑w s‑N¿‑pI F¶ Dt‑±i‑yt‑¯‑ms‑S {‑]hÀ¯‑n¡‑p¶ k‑wLS\b‑mW‑v- t‑¥‑m_ FU‑nt‑äg‑vk‑v s‑\ävhÀ¡‑v (P‑n.C.F³.‑). k‑wLS\ b‑ps‑S s‑h_‑vs‑s‑kä‑v http://www. globaleditorsnetwork.org Chc‑ps‑S {‑]hÀ°\§Ä h‑nhc‑n¡‑p¶‑p. t‑e‑mIs‑a¼‑mS‑p‑w \‑n¶‑v 900- A[‑nI‑w k‑o\‑nbÀ FU‑näÀa‑mÀ CX‑n A‑wK§f‑mW‑v-. ]{‑X{‑]hÀ¯IÀ¡‑v Ig‑nh‑pIÄ h‑nIk‑n¸‑n¡‑m\‑pÅ \‑nch[‑n i‑ne‑v]i‑meIÄ k‑wLS‑n¸‑n¡‑pI‑, ]T\t‑cJIÄ Dï‑m¡‑pI X‑pS§‑nbh C‑u k‑wLS\ b‑ps‑S {‑]hÀ¯\§f‑mW‑v-.

C‑u k‑wLS\ GÀs‑]S‑p¯‑nb‑n «‑pÅ t‑Uä‑m t‑PWe‑nk‑w Ah‑mÀU‑v (U‑n.s‑P.F‑) AX‑n {‑]ik‑vXa‑mW‑v-. ]{‑X{‑]hÀ¯IÀ¡‑v hfs‑c kl‑mbIa‑mW‑v- CX‑ns‑â \‑y‑qk‑v s‑eäÀ. FÃ‑m h‑y‑mg‑mg‑vNb‑p‑w {‑] k‑n²‑oIc‑n¡‑p¶ C‑u \‑y‑qk‑v s‑eäÀ t‑e‑mIs‑a¼‑mS‑pa‑pÅ \‑y‑qk‑vd‑qa‑pIf‑ps‑S {‑]hÀ¯\ \‑neh‑mc‑w s‑a¨s‑¸S‑p¯‑pI F¶ Dt‑±i‑yt‑¯‑ms‑Sb‑pÅX‑mW‑v-.

P‑n.C.F\‑ns‑â Hc‑p A‑wKh‑pa‑mb‑pÅ CâÀh‑y‑q Bb‑nc‑n¡‑p‑w CX‑ns‑e {‑] [‑m\ DÅS¡‑w. t‑e‑mI¯‑ns‑â h‑nh‑n[ `‑mK§f‑n a‑m[‑ya c‑wK¯‑p \S¡‑p¶ ]‑pX‑nb a‑mä§Ä a\Ê‑ne‑m¡‑m³ C‑u CâÀh‑y‑q kl‑mbIa‑mI‑p‑w.

]{‑X{‑]hÀ¯IÀ¡‑v t‑hï H«\h[‑n h‑nhc§f‑nt‑e¡‑pÅ P‑meIa‑mW‑v-

http://www.journalistexpress. com. k‑uP\‑ya‑mb‑n A‑wKX‑zs‑aS‑p¯‑v

CX‑ns‑e I‑qS‑pX t‑kh\§Ä D] t‑b‑mK‑n¡‑mh‑p¶X‑mW‑v-. ]{‑X{‑] hÀ¯IÀ¡‑v t‑hï‑nb‑pÅ s‑kÀ¨‑v F©‑n³ F¶‑v C‑u s‑s‑kä‑ns‑\ h‑nt‑ij‑n¸‑n¡‑m‑w. h‑nh‑n[ ]{‑X§Ä‑, a‑mKk‑n\‑pIÄ‑, t‑PWe‑nk‑w ] T\¯‑n\‑pÅ h‑nh‑n[ t‑eJ\§Ä‑, s‑h_‑vs‑s‑kä‑pIÄ F¶‑nhb‑nt‑e¡‑v C‑u s‑s‑kä‑n \‑n¶‑v A\‑mb‑mk‑w IS¶‑p s‑NÃ‑m‑w. h‑njb‑w X‑nc‑n¨‑pÅ e‑n¦‑pIf‑mW‑vC‑u s‑s‑kä‑ns‑e Gäh‑p‑w {‑][‑m\ {‑] t‑X‑yIX. h‑nh‑n[ h‑njb§f‑ns‑e h‑nZK‑v[s‑c Is‑ï¯‑m\‑pÅ ]‑o¸‑nÄ s‑kÀ¨‑v‑, ]{‑X{‑]hÀ¯Ic‑ps‑S k‑vs‑] js‑s‑et‑kj³ A\‑pkc‑n¨‑pÅ h‑nhc§Ä Is‑ï¯‑m\‑pÅ e‑n¦‑pIÄ‑, c‑mP‑y‑m´cXe¯‑n ]{‑X{‑]hÀ¯\ t‑aJeb‑ns‑e s‑X‑mg‑nehkc§Ä X‑pS§‑nbh Is‑ï¯‑m\‑pÅ e‑n¦‑pIÄ F¶‑nh C‑u s‑s‑kä‑ns‑â {‑] t‑X‑yIXb‑mW‑v-. ]{‑X{‑]hÀ¯IÀ¡‑v Dd¸‑mb‑p‑w B{‑ib‑n¡‑mh‑p\ s‑h_‑vs‑s‑kä‑mW‑nX‑v. awKfw Zn\]{X¯nsâ No^v \yqkv FUnädmWv teJI³. teJIsâ Cþsabvð: epshajudeen@gmail.com

G{]nð þ sabv 2013

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{]XnIcWw F³. _meIrjvW³

Nmc-t¡kpw kn._n.sF.b‑ps‑S h‑n-i‑z‑m-k‑y-Xb‑p‑w

Nm

-c-t‑¡-k‑n-s‑\¸-ä‑n P-\h-c‑n e-¡‑w ‑"a‑oU‑n-b-‑'b‑n R‑m-s‑\-g‑pX‑n-b I‑p-d‑n-¸‑n-\‑v s‑^-{‑_‑p-h-c‑n-b‑n-s‑e ]-X‑n¸‑n ]-c‑n-W-X-{‑]-Ú\‑m-b {‑i‑o._‑n.BÀ.]‑n.`‑m-k‑v-I-d‑ns‑-ât‑]-c‑n Iï {‑]-X‑n-I-c-W-a‑m-W‑v C-§s‑\-s‑b‑m-s‑¶-g‑p-X‑m³ F-s‑¶ \‑nÀ-_-²-\‑m-¡‑n-b-X‑v. N‑m-c-t‑¡-k‑n-s‑\ s‑I‑m-g‑p-¸‑n-¨ a‑m-[‑y-a-§-f‑p-s‑S {‑]-h‑r¯‑n-s‑b R‑m³ \‑y‑m-b‑o-I-c‑n-¡‑p-I-b‑ms‑W¶‑p‑w A-X‑n-\‑p-Å F-s‑â c-ï‑p h‑m-Z-§f‑p‑w I‑r-X‑y-X-t‑b‑ms‑S-b-s‑Ã-¶‑p-a‑m-W‑v A-t‑±-l-¯‑n-s‑â \‑n-c‑o-£W‑w.

F-¶‑m N‑m-c-t‑¡-k‑n a‑m-{‑X-aà s‑s‑{‑Ia‑p‑w s‑k-I‑vk‑p‑w DÄ-s‑¸-« G-X‑p t‑I-k‑ne‑p‑w A¶‑p‑w C-¶‑p‑w (C-t‑¸‑mÄ Cet‑{‑Î‑m-W‑n-I‑v a‑m-[‑y-a-§-f‑n C-X‑v s‑I‑mS‑nb t‑X‑m-X‑n-e‑mW‑v‑) a‑m-[‑y-a-§Ä s‑s‑I-h‑n« I-f‑n-b‑m-W‑v I-f‑n-¡‑p-¶-s‑X-¶‑p X-s‑¶b‑m-W‑v F-s‑â I‑p-d‑n-¸‑ne‑p‑w ]-d-b‑p-¶-X‑v. ]-s‑£ a-ä‑p t‑I-k‑p-If‑n-e‑nÃ‑m-¯ [‑mÀ-½‑n-I-t‑c‑m-j‑w F´‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑v N‑m-c-t‑¡-k‑n a‑m{‑X‑w D-b-c‑p-¶‑p F-¶X‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p F-s‑â t‑N‑m-Z‑y‑w. A-X‑n-\‑pÅ a-d‑p-]-S‑n-¡‑p ]I-c‑w‑, Iï-X‑v C-¡‑m-c‑y-¯‑n a‑m-[‑y-a§-s‑f t‑X-t‑P‑mh-[‑w s‑N-¿‑m³ I-¨-s‑I-«‑n-b‑n-d-§‑n-b-h-c‑ps‑S k‑z-´‑w h‑mZ-s‑¯ X-s‑¶ X‑n-c‑n-ª‑p-I‑p-¯‑p-¶ H-c‑p s‑X-ä‑p-X‑n-c‑p-¯-e‑mW‑v. \-¼‑n-\‑m-c‑m-b-W-s‑\ I‑p-ä-h‑n-a‑p-à-\‑m-b‑n I-W-¡‑m-¡‑n-s‑¡‑mï‑p-Å ]-{‑X-h‑n-aÀi-\‑w a‑qÀ-Ñ‑n-¨-X‑v t‑I‑m-S-X‑n-b‑p-s‑S A-´‑n-a-h‑n[‑n h-¶-t‑X‑m-s‑S-b‑m-s‑W-¶‑v R‑m³ ]-dª-X‑p i-c‑n-b-s‑ö‑p‑w B-t‑c‑m-]-W-§Ä s‑I-«‑n-¨-a-¨-X‑m-s‑W¶‑v k‑n._‑n.s‑F.A-t‑\‑zj‑n-¨‑v I-s‑ï-¯‑n-b-X‑n-s‑\-¯‑p-SÀ-¶‑m-s‑W-¶‑p-a‑mW‑v {‑i‑o._‑n.

BÀ.]‑n.h‑y-à-a‑m-¡‑n-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v. A-X‑m-bX‑v k‑n._‑n.s‑F.d‑nt‑¸‑mÀ-«‑ns‑\ A-¸‑m-s‑S h‑n-i‑z-k‑n¨‑p-s‑I‑m-ï‑m-s‑W-¶‑p N‑p-c‑p¡‑w. t‑I‑mS-X‑n {‑]-X‑nI-s‑f i‑n-£‑n-¨‑n-c‑p-s‑¶-¦‑nÂ-t‑¸‑me‑p‑w X-s‑â Bt‑c‑m]-W‑w A-{‑]-k-à-a‑m-I‑p-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑n-s‑Ã-¶‑p I‑q-S‑n A-t‑±-l‑w I‑q-«‑n-t‑¨À-¡‑p-¶‑pï‑v. t‑I‑m-S-X‑n-s‑b-¡‑mÄ X-\‑n-¡‑p h‑n-i‑z‑m-k‑w k‑n._‑n.s‑F.t‑bb‑m-s‑W-¶‑p AÀ-°-i-¦-b‑v-¡‑v X‑o-s‑c C-S-a‑nÃ‑m-¯ h‑y-à-a‑m¡-e‑m-W‑v A§s‑\ C-X‑ph-g‑n A-t‑±-l‑w \-S-¯‑n-b‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑v.

A-X‑p X-s‑¶-b‑m-W‑v R‑m³ N‑q-ï‑n-¡‑m-«‑m³ B-{‑K-l‑n-¨‑n-c‑p¶ s‑]‑m-c‑p-¯-t‑¡-S‑p‑w. C-h‑n-s‑S k‑n._‑n.s‑F.s‑b ]‑qÀ-®-h‑n-i‑z‑m-k‑w. a-e-_‑mÀ k‑n-aâ‑v-k‑v t‑I-k‑nt‑e‑m a‑p-e‑m-b-¯‑nt‑ât‑b‑m a‑m-b‑mh-X‑n-b‑pt‑St‑b‑m F.c‑m-P-b‑p-s‑S X-s‑¶ t‑Ik‑nt‑e‑m B-b‑m k-a‑o]-\‑w t‑hs‑d. C-\‑n ]‑n.s‑P.I‑p-c‑yt‑ât‑b‑m I‑p-ª‑m-e‑n-¡‑p«‑n-b‑pt‑St‑b‑m t‑I-k‑p-If‑p‑w k‑n._‑n.s‑F.A-t‑\‑z-j‑n-¨‑m C-t‑X h‑n-i‑z‑mk‑y-X a‑p-d‑p-s‑I-¸‑n-S‑n¡‑p-t‑a‑m Bt‑h‑m. N‑n-e t‑I-k‑p-I-f‑n t‑I‑m-S-X‑n-s‑b h‑n-i‑z‑m-k‑w. a-ä‑p N‑n-e-X‑n I-S‑p-¯ A-h‑n-i‑z‑mk-h‑p‑w. N‑m-c-t‑¡-k‑v I-Åt‑¡-k‑m-s‑W-¶‑p I-ï‑v t‑I‑mS-X‑n XÅ‑n-bX‑v k‑n._‑n.s‑F.]-d-ª‑n-«‑m-W-t‑Ã‑m. A¶-s‑¯ {‑]-[‑m-\a-{‑´‑nb‑p‑w k‑n._‑n.s‑F.t‑a-[‑m-h‑nb‑p-s‑a‑ms‑¡ C‑u t‑I-k‑n {‑]-I-S-a‑m¡‑n-b c-l-k‑y-aÃ‑m¯ X‑mÂ-]-c‑y-s‑¯¸-ä‑n F-s‑â B-Z‑y-I‑p-d‑n-¸‑n-e‑p-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶ ]-c‑m-aÀ-i‑w C-h‑n-s‑S B-hÀ-¯‑n¡‑p-¶‑n-s‑Ã-¦‑ne‑p‑w H‑mÀ-½‑n-¸‑n-¡‑m-s‑X-h-¿. ]-{‑X-§Ä s‑N-b‑v-XX‑v A-X‑n-{‑I-a-a‑m-s‑W-¶‑v Ø‑m-]‑n-¡‑m³ A-X‑v I-ï‑n-s‑Ã-¶‑p \-S‑n¡‑p¶-X‑p X-s‑¶-b‑mh‑p‑w k‑u-I-c‑y‑w F-¶-d‑n-b‑m‑w. ]-s‑£ R‑m³ D-¶-b‑n-¨ b-Y‑mÀ-Y h‑nj-b‑w C-s‑X‑m-¶‑p-

G{]nð þ sabv 2013

a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑nÃ. {‑i‑o._‑n.BÀ.]‑n. F-t‑â-X‑m-b‑n N‑q-ï‑n-¡‑m-«‑p-¶ c-ï‑ma-s‑¯ h‑m-Z-¯‑n-s‑â ad-¨‑p s‑h-¨ `‑m-K-a‑mWX‑v. N‑m-c-t‑¡k‑v I‑m-e-t‑¯-X‑p t‑]‑m-e‑p-Å d‑n-t‑¸‑mÀ-«‑p-IÄ C-t‑¸‑mg‑p‑w a‑m-[‑ya-§-f‑n h-c‑p-¶‑p-ï‑v F-¶-X‑v F-s‑â h‑m-Z-a‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑nÃ. N‑m-ct‑¡-k‑n-\‑v C-S-b‑m-¡‑nb-X‑p t‑]‑me-s‑¯ k‑w-`-h-h‑n-I‑m-k-§Ä D-ï‑m-b‑m A-X‑p h‑mÀ-¯-b‑m-t‑¡-ïX-t‑à F¶‑p‑w A-{‑Xt‑a K‑u-c-h‑m-h-l-a-Ã‑m-¯ k‑w-`-h-§-s‑f-t‑¸‑me‑p‑w A¶-s‑¯ a‑m-X‑r-I-b‑n C¶‑p‑w s‑I‑m«‑n-t‑L‑m-j‑n-¡‑p¶-X‑p t‑I-«‑n-«‑p‑w‑, Iï‑n«‑p‑w [‑mÀ-½‑n-I-t‑c‑m-j‑w D-b-c‑m-¯-s‑X-t‑´ F-¶‑pa‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p P-\‑ph-c‑n e-¡‑w "a‑o-U‑n-b' b‑n-s‑e F-s‑â I‑p-d‑n-¸‑n-s‑e C-\‑nb‑p‑w D¯-c‑w I‑n-«‑n-b‑n-«‑nÃ‑m¯ t‑N‑m-Z‑y‑w. N‑m-c-h‑r-¯‑n \-S-¶-X‑n-\‑v t‑I-k‑v d-P‑n-k‑v-äÀ s‑N-b‑v-X‑v A-t‑\‑zj-W‑w \-S-¶‑me‑p‑w {‑]-[‑m-\-a{‑´‑nb‑p‑w k‑n._‑n.s‑F.t‑a-[‑m-h‑n-b‑p-a-S-¡-a‑p-Å D-¶-XÀ A-X‑n A-\‑p-I‑q-e-a‑mt‑b‑m {‑]-X‑n-I‑q-ea‑mt‑b‑m X‑mÂ-]c‑y‑w {‑]-I-S‑n-¸‑n¡‑p¶-X‑m-b‑n h‑y-àa‑m-b k‑q-N-\ e-`‑n-¨‑me‑p‑w A-X‑v G-s‑X¦‑ne‑p‑w c‑m-{‑ã-‑ob-t‑Nc‑n-¡‑v FX‑nt‑c‑m A-\‑p-I‑q-et‑a‑m B-h‑p-s‑a¶-X‑n-s‑â t‑]-c‑n A-X‑v h‑mÀ-¯-b‑m-¡‑m-X‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶-X‑n-s‑\ X-a-k‑v-Ic-W‑w Ft‑¶ h‑n-t‑i-j‑n-¸‑n-¡‑m-\‑mh‑q.

A¶-s‑¯ d‑nt‑¸‑mÀ-«‑p-IÄ N‑n-e c‑m-j-‑v{‑S‑o-b t‑N-c‑nIÄ¡‑p‑w k-J‑y-§Ä¡‑p‑w A-\‑p-I‑q-e-a‑m-b‑n-¯‑o-c‑p-Ib‑p‑w A-hc-X‑v ic‑n¡‑p‑w D-]-t‑b‑m-K-s‑¸-S‑p-¯‑p-Ib‑p‑w s‑N-b‑v-X‑n-«‑p-s‑ï-¶‑pÅ-X‑v \‑n-t‑j-[‑n-¡‑m-\‑m-h‑m-¯ h-k‑v-X‑p-X-b‑m-W‑v. F-¶‑p-I-c‑p-X‑n B d‑n-t‑¸‑mÀ-«‑p-IÄ a‑p-g‑p-h\‑p‑w B k-J‑y-§-f‑ne‑p‑w t‑N-c‑n-I-f‑n-e‑p‑w s‑]-«-hÀ s‑I-«‑n-¨-a¨-X‑v A-¸‑m-s‑S h‑n-g‑p-§‑n-s‑¡‑m-ï‑v k‑r-ã‑ns‑¨-S‑p-¯-h-b‑m-s‑W-¶‑v A-\‑p-a‑m-\‑n-¡‑p-¶-h-c‑p-s‑S I‑q-«-¯‑n Z‑oÀ-L-I‑m-e-s‑¯ ]-{‑X-{‑]-hÀ-¯-\ N-c‑n-{‑X-a‑p-Å {‑i‑o._‑n.BÀ.]‑n.s‑b t‑]‑m-e‑p-Å-h-c‑p‑w t‑N-c‑p¶-X‑p I‑m-W‑p-¶-X‑n-e‑m-W‑v h‑nj-a‑w. k-µÀ-`-h-i‑m H-c‑p I‑mc‑y‑w H-c‑n-¡Â I‑q-S‑n ]-d-t‑b-ï‑n h-¶‑n-c‑n-¡‑p-¶‑p. c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b-c‑wK-s‑¯ _‑m-[‑n-¡‑p-¶ I--‑pä-I‑r-X‑y§t‑f‑m t‑I-k‑p-It‑f‑m D-ï‑m-I‑p-t‑¼‑mÄ I‑p-ä‑m-t‑\‑z-jW-s‑¯ I‑pd‑n-¨‑p-Å d‑n-t‑¸‑mÀ-«‑p-IÄ A-t‑\‑z-j-t‑W‑m-t‑Z‑y‑m-K-Ø-c‑n \‑n¶‑p‑w c‑m-{‑ã‑ob k‑w-`-h-h‑n-I‑m-k§-s‑f ]-ä‑n-b‑p-Å d‑n-t‑¸‑mÀ-«‑p-IÄ A-X‑p-a‑m-b‑n _-Ô-s‑¸-« c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b-t‑\-X‑m-¡-f‑n \‑n¶‑p‑w a‑m{‑X‑w t‑i-J-c‑n-¡‑p-¶ h‑n-h-c§-s‑f A-S‑n-Ø‑m-\-a‑m-¡‑n X-¿‑m-d‑m-¡‑p-¶ c‑o-X‑n-b‑m-W‑v N‑m-c-t‑¡-k‑ns‑â-s‑b‑m-s‑¡ I‑me-¯‑v \‑n-e-h‑n-e‑pï‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶-X‑v. AÃ‑m-s‑X t‑]‑m-e‑o-k‑p-I‑mÀ ]-d-b‑p¶-X‑p t‑I-«‑v c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b d‑n-t‑¸‑mÀ-«‑p-If‑p‑w c‑m-{‑ã‑o-b-t‑\-X‑m-¡Ä ]-d-b‑p-¶X‑p t‑I-«‑v I‑p-ä‑m-t‑\‑z-j-W d‑n-t‑¸‑mÀ-«‑p-If‑p‑w F-g‑p-X‑p-¶ ]-X‑n-hà A-¶‑p-ï‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶X‑v. C‑u-b-S‑p-¯ I‑m-e‑w h-s‑cb‑p‑w A-X‑v A§-s‑\ X-s‑¶-b‑m-b‑n-c‑p-¶‑p F-¶‑m-W‑v A-d‑n-h‑v. A-X‑v a‑m-d‑mX‑n-c‑n-¡-s‑«. C-\‑n C-s‑X‑m-¶‑p-aÃ‑, ]-{‑X-¡‑m-s‑c B-s‑c-¦‑ne‑p‑w h‑n-e-b‑v-¡‑p h‑m-§‑n-s‑b-¶‑m-W‑v ]d-ª‑p h-c‑p-¶-s‑X-¦‑n A-X‑p s‑X-f‑n-b‑n-¡‑m-\‑p-Å _‑m[‑y-X ]-d-b‑p-¶-hÀ-¡‑pï‑v. teJIsâ Cþsabvð: nbalakrishnan48@yahoo.com

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C.S‑n. a‑pl½Z‑v _j‑oÀ. F‑w.]‑n.

I‑ua‑p-Z‑n-b‑p‑w _‑m-e-I‑r-j‑v-W\‑p‑w

ao

U‑n-bb‑n {‑i‑o. ]‑n. k‑p-P‑mX³ Fg‑p-X‑nb k¼‑qÀ® X‑m t‑_‑m[¯‑n-s‑â {‑S‑mPU‑n F ¶ t‑eJ\‑w h‑mb‑n¨t‑¸‑mÄ t‑X‑m ¶‑nbX‑mW‑v C‑u Fg‑p¯‑n\‑v \‑nZ‑m \‑w.

R‑m\‑p‑w {‑i‑o. s‑I. _‑meI‑r j‑vWs‑\ hfs‑ct‑bs‑d k‑v-t‑\l‑n ¨‑nc‑p¶ Bf‑mW‑v. 1965-þ66 I‑me L«¯‑n R‑m³ a‑mh‑qÀ ^‑mÎ d‑nb‑n t‑P‑me‑n s‑N¿‑p¶ I‑me ¯‑v Ah‑ns‑S Hc‑p Øe¯‑v I‑ua‑p Z‑n h‑mc‑nI hc‑md‑pï‑v. A¶s‑¯ Fs‑â k‑m¼¯‑nI k‑mlNc‑y‑w h¨‑v t‑\‑m¡‑pt‑¼‑mÄ I‑qS‑pX h‑mc‑nI h‑m§‑m³ Ig‑nh‑pï‑mb‑nc‑p ¶‑ns‑æ‑ne‑p‑w I‑ua‑pZ‑n R‑m³ k‑vY‑nca‑mb‑n h‑m§‑n h‑mb‑n¨‑nc‑p ¶‑p. AX‑ns‑e H¶‑m‑w t‑]P‑ns‑e h‑mÀ¯If‑p‑w k‑ml‑nX‑y k‑w_ Ôa‑mb h‑naÀi\§f‑p‑w FÃ‑mä‑ne‑pa‑p]c‑n t‑N‑mt‑Z‑y‑m¯c ]‑wà‑n b‑p‑w F\‑n¡‑v hfs‑c Bt‑hiIca‑mb I‑mc‑ya‑mb‑nc‑p¶‑p. I‑ua‑pZ‑n h‑mc‑nI I¿‑n ]‑nS‑n¨‑v \S¡‑p ¶X‑v Xs‑¶ A¶‑v A`‑na‑m\ a‑pÅ I‑mc‑ya‑mb‑nc‑p¶‑p. s‑I. _‑meI‑rj‑vWs‑\ I‑pd‑n¨‑pÅ a‑n¡h‑md‑p‑w t‑eJ\ §Ä R‑m³ ]et‑¸‑mg‑p‑w h‑mb‑n¡‑md‑pï‑v. C‑u t‑eJ\¯‑n ]dªX‑mhs‑« CX‑phs‑c h‑mb‑n¡‑m¯X‑pa‑m-W‑v. ]t‑YÀ ]‑m©‑me‑n F¶ k‑n\‑na Cd§‑nbt‑¸‑mÄ AX‑n\‑v BZ‑ya‑mb‑n Bk‑z‑mZ\‑w Fg‑pX‑nbX‑v s‑I._‑meI‑rj‑vW\‑ms‑W-¶‑v a‑o-U‑n-b-b‑n Fg‑pX‑nb‑nc‑n¡‑p¶‑p. R‑m³ k‑v-I‑qf‑n ]T‑n¡‑p¶ I‑me¯‑v k‑ml‑nX‑y ka‑mP‑w s‑k{‑I«d‑nb‑mb‑nc‑p¶t‑¸‑mÄ k‑ml‑nX‑y ka‑mP‑w DZ‑vL‑mS\‑w s‑N¿‑m³ F‑w.S‑n. h‑mk‑pt‑Zh³ \‑mbs‑c R‑m³

N‑me‑nb‑w k‑v-I‑qf‑nt‑e¡‑v h‑nf‑n¨‑v s‑I‑mï‑v h¶‑nc‑p¶‑p.

A¶‑v F‑w.S‑n. h‑mk‑pt‑Zh³ \‑mbÀ {‑]k‑wK‑n¨X‑v R‑mt‑\‑mÀ¡‑p¶‑p. F‑w.S‑n ]-dª‑p‑, kX‑yP‑nX‑v t‑db‑ps‑S ]t‑YÀ ]‑m©‑me‑n F¶ k‑n\‑na h¶t‑¸‑mÄ AX‑v h¶ h‑nhc‑w t‑]‑me‑p‑w Ad‑nb‑ms‑X H¶‑v cï‑v Z‑nhk‑w If‑n¨‑v X‑nt‑bäd‑n \‑n¶‑p‑w t‑]‑mb‑n. Ìï‑pÅ k‑n\‑naIÄ I‑mW‑m³ s‑Nd‑p¸¡‑mÀ s‑X¡‑p‑w hS¡‑p‑w X‑nc¡‑v I‑q«‑n aW‑n¡‑qd‑pIt‑f‑mf‑w X‑nt‑bäd‑n\‑p a‑p¶‑n I‑mh \‑n¡‑p¶‑p‑, F-¶‑v. kt‑l‑mZc³ ac‑n¨X‑n\‑v t‑ij‑w `{‑Z‑, k‑zÀ¤¯‑v \‑n\¡‑v k‑pJ‑w Xs‑¶bt‑Ãs‑b¶ _‑mes‑â t‑eJ\s‑¯ ]-ä‑nb‑p‑w A-Ñs‑â ]‑pk‑vXI¯‑n\‑v AhX‑mc‑nI Fg‑pX‑nb aI\‑mb s‑I._‑meI‑rj‑vW-s‑\ ]-ä‑nb‑p‑w C{‑Xb‑p‑w I‑meh‑p‑w Bc‑p‑w ] c‑nNbs‑¸S‑p¯‑nb‑n«‑nÃ.

BÀ.i¦d‑ns‑â h‑m¡‑pIÄ¡‑v I‑ua‑pZ‑nb‑n h¶ ad‑p] S‑n BÀ. i¦d‑nt‑\b‑p‑w I‑ua‑pZ‑n _‑meI‑rj‑vWt‑\b‑p‑w cï‑v t‑]t‑cb‑p‑w he‑pX‑m¡‑pIb‑mb‑nc‑p¶‑p. a‑o-U‑n-b-b‑ns‑e t‑eJ\¯‑n s‑I. _‑meI‑rj‑vWs‑â t‑N‑mt‑Z‑y‑m¯c ]‑wà‑ns‑b I‑pd‑n¨‑v \t‑¶ s‑Nd‑nb Hc‑p hc‑nt‑b DÅ‑q. At‑X C‑u t‑eJ\¯‑n I‑p-d-h‑m-b‑n t‑X‑m¶‑nb‑pÅ‑q. I‑ua‑pZ‑ns‑b I‑ua‑pZ‑nb‑m¡‑nbX‑n At‑±l¯‑ns‑â t‑N‑mt‑Z‑y‑m¯c ]‑wà‑n¡‑pÅ ]¦‑v as‑ä‑mc‑p k‑rã‑n¡‑pa‑pï‑mb‑nc‑p¶‑nÃ.

G{]nð þ sabv 2013

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k‑wØ‑m\ a‑m[‑ya Ah‑mÀU‑pIÄ {‑]J‑y‑m]‑n¨‑p k‑wØ‑m\ a‑m[‑ya Ah‑mÀU‑pIÄ (2012‑) {‑]J‑y‑m]‑n¨‑p. P\dð d‑nt‑¸‑mÀ «‑n§‑n\‑v a‑mX‑r`‑qa‑n \‑y‑qk‑v FU‑näÀ S‑n.t‑k‑ma³ AÀl\‑mb‑n. a‑mX‑r`‑qa‑n Z‑n\ ]{‑X¯‑nð 2012 G{‑]‑nð H³]X‑v a‑pX ð 14 hs‑c {‑]k‑n²‑oIc‑n¨ "{‑]h‑mk‑n If‑ps‑S \‑m«‑nð ChÀ¡‑v \cIP‑oh‑nX‑w' Fó t‑eJ\]c¼cb‑v¡‑mW‑v Ah‑mÀU‑v. t‑Icf¯‑nð s‑X‑mg‑nð t‑XS‑ns‑b¯‑pó A\‑yk‑wØ‑m\¡‑m c‑ps‑S Z‑pc´P‑oh‑nXa‑mW‑v ]c¼c X‑pd ó‑pI‑m«‑póX‑v. s‑X‑mg‑nð s‑s‑hZK‑v²‑y‑w H«‑pa‑nñ‑ms‑X hó‑v A]IS§f‑ne‑p‑w aä‑p‑w ac‑n¡‑pó At‑\I‑w Bf‑pIf‑p s‑S IW¡‑pt‑]‑me‑p‑w Cñ‑m¯ AhØ b‑mW‑pÅs‑Xó‑v d‑nt‑¸‑mÀ«‑nð ]db‑pó‑p. k‑wØ‑m\s‑¯ a‑qó‑v kÀ¡‑mÀ a‑m\ k‑nI‑mt‑c‑mK‑y t‑I{‑µ§f‑nð Ig‑nb‑p ó At‑´h‑mk‑nIf‑nð Aô‑ns‑e‑mó‑v A\‑yk‑wØ‑m\§f‑nð \‑nó‑pÅhc‑m s‑Wó hk‑vX‑pXb‑p‑w C‑u ]c¼cb‑ne‑q s‑S ]‑pd¯‑ps‑I‑mï‑phó‑n«‑pï‑v. h‑nIkt‑\‑mò‑pJ d‑nt‑¸‑mÀ«‑n§‑n\‑v t‑IcfI‑ua‑pZ‑n c‑mj‑v{‑S‑ob t‑eJI³ _‑n.h‑n.]h\³ X¿‑md‑m¡‑n t‑IcfI‑ua‑p Z‑nb‑nð 2012 P\‑phc‑n H³]X‑v a‑pXð 12 hs‑cb‑p‑w 2012 s‑^{‑_‑phc‑n 23‑, 2012 G{‑]‑nð 27 X‑obX‑nIf‑ns‑e X‑pSÀ d‑nt‑¸‑mÀ«‑pIf‑ne‑qs‑Sb‑p‑w {‑]k‑n²‑oIc‑n¨ "I‑mS‑ns‑â s‑IW‑nb‑ns‑e I®‑oÀs‑]‑m«‑p IÄ' Fó t‑eJ\ ]c¼cb‑v¡‑mW‑v Ah‑mÀU‑v. hb\‑m«‑ns‑e s‑I‑mS‑p‑w I‑mS‑pIÄ¡‑pÅ‑nð _‑ml‑yt‑e‑mIh‑p a‑mb‑n _Ôa‑nñ‑m¯ {‑K‑ma§Ä kµÀi‑n¨‑v X¿‑md‑m¡‑nb C‑u ]c¼c Xea‑pdIf‑mb‑n I‑m«‑p{‑K‑ma§f‑nð Ig‑nb‑pó‑, AS‑nØ‑m\ Bhi‑y§Ä t‑]‑me‑p‑w \‑nt‑j[‑n¡s‑¸« lX`‑mK‑y c‑mb Hc‑p P\Xb‑ps‑S s‑\S‑ph‑oÀ¸‑pI f‑p‑w t‑X§e‑pIf‑pa‑mW‑v DÄs‑¡‑mÅ‑n ¨‑nc‑n¡‑póX‑v. \‑y‑qk‑v t‑^‑mt‑«‑m{‑K^‑n h‑n`‑mK¯‑nð

aeb‑mfat‑\‑mcab‑nð 2012 a‑mÀ¨‑v Hó‑n\‑v {‑]k‑n²‑oIc‑n¨ ka‑oÀ F la‑oZ‑ns‑â "Cc‑n¡‑pó s‑I‑m¼‑p‑w?'

Fó AS‑n¡‑pd‑nt‑¸‑ms‑S hó t‑^‑mt‑«‑m Ah‑mÀU‑n\‑v AÀla‑mb‑n. h‑nIk\¯‑ns‑â \‑nÀ½‑nX‑nIÄ¡‑mb‑n H‑mt‑c‑m XWe‑p‑w s‑h«‑na‑mä‑pt‑¼‑mÄ ] Ic‑w Hc‑p s‑s‑X F¦‑ne‑p‑w \«‑ps‑I‑mï‑v h‑nIk\‑w k‑m[‑ya‑m¡Ws‑aó Bib‑w {‑]X‑n^e‑n¸‑n¡‑póX‑mW‑v C‑uN‑n{‑X‑w.

I‑mÀ«‑q¬ h‑n`‑mK¯‑nð 2012 s‑k]‑vX‑w_À 27þ\‑v t‑Icf I‑ua‑pZ‑nb‑nð {‑]k‑n²‑oIc‑n¨ S‑n.s‑I.k‑pP‑n¯‑ns‑â "k‑wØ‑m\¯‑v t‑e‑mU‑vs‑jU‑n‑wK‑v GÀs‑¸S‑p¯‑p‑w' Fó I‑mÀ«‑q¬ Ah‑mÀU‑n\‑v AÀla‑mb‑n.

S‑n.h‑n. h‑mÀ¯‑m h‑n`‑mK¯‑nð "h‑ng‑nª‑w X‑pda‑pJ]²X‑n' Fó i‑y‑m‑we‑me‑ns‑â d‑nt‑¸‑mÀ«‑n\‑mW‑v Ah‑mÀU‑v. C´‑y‑mh‑nj³ 2012 \h‑w _À cï‑n\‑mW‑v h‑mÀ¯ k‑wt‑{‑]j W‑w s‑Nb‑vXX‑v. h‑ng‑nª‑w X‑pda‑pJ‑w Ct‑¸‑mg‑p‑w b‑mY‑mÀ°‑ya‑mI‑m¯X‑n\‑v ]‑nó‑ne‑pÅ A´‑mc‑mj‑v{‑S K‑qV‑mt‑e‑mN\ ]‑pd¯‑ps‑I‑mï‑p hc‑m\‑pÅ {‑iaa‑mW‑v d‑nt‑¸‑mÀ«‑v.

S‑n.h‑n. h‑mÀ¯‑m h‑n`‑mK¯‑nð C´‑y‑mh‑nj³ 2012 P‑q¬ Gg‑n\‑v k‑wt‑{‑]jW‑w s‑Nb‑vX c‑mt‑Kj‑v F‑w.F‑w.s‑â "XfÀó ic‑oc‑w Xfc‑m¯ a\Ê‑v' Fó d‑nt‑¸‑mÀ«‑v P‑qd‑nb‑ps‑S {‑]t‑X‑yI ]c‑maÀi¯‑n\‑v AÀla‑mb‑n. ic‑oc‑w XfÀs‑ó¦‑ne‑p‑w Xfc‑m¯ a\Ê‑pa‑mb‑n t‑P‑m¬ks‑\ó b‑ph‑mh‑v h‑oðs‑Nbd‑nð Cc‑pó‑v I¼‑y‑q«d‑p‑w s‑a‑ms‑s‑_ð t‑^‑mW‑p‑w D]t‑b‑mK‑n¨‑v h‑n[‑nt‑b‑mS‑v s‑]‑mc‑pX‑n t‑\S‑ns‑¡‑mï‑nc‑n ¡‑pó h‑nPba‑mW‑v d‑nt‑¸‑mÀ«‑v s‑Nb‑vX‑n«‑pÅX‑v.

S‑nh‑n I‑y‑mad h‑n`‑mK¯‑nð Uðl‑n b‑ns‑e Hc‑p t‑Nc‑nb‑ne‑pï‑mb h³

Aá‑n_‑m[ AX‑ns‑â Fñ‑m X‑o{‑hX t‑b‑mS‑p‑w `b‑m\IXt‑b‑mS‑p‑w I‑qS‑n I‑y‑madb‑nð ]IÀ¯‑nb _‑n\‑p t‑_k‑nð Ah‑mÀU‑n\‑v AÀl\‑mb‑n. at‑\‑mca \‑y‑qk‑v 2012 P‑q¬ 21\‑mW‑v CX‑v k‑wt‑{‑]jW‑w s‑Nb‑vXX‑v.

S‑n.h‑n.I‑y‑mad h‑n`‑mK¯‑nð "{‑i‑oI‑rj‑vW¸c‑p´‑v' Fó Xes‑¡t‑«‑m s‑S X‑nIª £at‑b‑ms‑S cï‑pa‑mk‑w I‑m¯‑nc‑pó‑v I‑rj‑vW¸c‑p´‑ns‑â P‑oh‑nXN{‑I‑w N‑n{‑X‑oIc‑n¨ t‑k‑mfa³ d‑mt‑^ð P‑qd‑nb‑ps‑S {‑]t‑X‑yI ]c‑maÀ i¯‑n\‑v AÀl\‑mb‑n. h‑oU‑nt‑b‑m FU‑nä‑n§‑v h‑n`‑mK ¯‑nð at‑\‑mca\‑y‑qk‑v 2012 BKÌ‑v 26þ\‑v k‑wt‑{‑]jW‑w s‑Nb‑vX "K‑rl‑mX‑pck‑vacWIÄ' Fó \‑y‑qk‑v t‑Ì‑md‑nb‑ps‑S FU‑nä‑n§‑v \‑nÀhl‑n¨ A\‑q]‑v BâW‑n¡‑mW‑v Ah‑mÀU‑v. K‑rl‑mX‑pcX‑z‑w Fó t‑Ì‑md‑nb‑ps‑S {‑]t‑ab‑w A\‑mb‑mt‑k\ t‑{‑]£Ic‑ns‑e¯‑n¡‑póX‑nð A\‑q]‑v h‑nPb‑n¨‑n«‑pï‑v.

25000c‑q]b‑p‑w {‑]ik‑vX‑n]{‑Xh‑p‑w ^eIh‑p‑w AS§‑nbX‑mW‑v Ah‑mÀU‑p IÄ. {‑]t‑X‑yI ]c‑maÀi¯‑n\‑v kÀ«‑n ^‑n¡ä‑mW‑v \ðI‑pI. t‑U‑m.h‑n.a‑pl½Ze‑n‑, t‑U‑m.F‑w.

Fk‑v.lc‑nI‑pa‑mÀ‑, t‑P¡_‑v t‑P‑mÀP‑v (P\dð d‑nt‑¸‑mÀ«‑n§‑v‑) b‑p.s‑I.I‑pa‑m c³‑, Bs‑_ t‑P¡_‑v‑, h‑n.At‑i‑mI³ (s‑Uhe]‑vs‑aâ‑v d‑nt‑¸‑mÀ«‑n§‑v‑)‑, at‑lj‑v a‑wKe¯‑v‑, Pa‑mð s‑I‑m¨§‑mS‑n‑, s‑I.F‑w.\t‑c{‑µ³ (\‑y‑qk‑v t‑^‑mt‑«‑m {‑K^‑n‑)‑, BÀ.]‑mÀhX‑n‑, s‑I.F._‑o\‑, ch‑nt‑at‑\‑m³ (I‑mÀ«‑q¬‑)‑, s‑I.c‑mP t‑K‑m]‑mð‑, _‑m_‑p t‑P‑mk^‑v‑, ^‑m. {‑^‑m³k‑nk‑v I‑mc¡‑mS‑v (S‑n.h‑n.h‑mÀ¯‑, I‑y‑mad‑, FU‑nä‑n§‑v‑) Fó‑nhc‑mb‑nc‑pó‑p Ah‑mÀU‑v h‑n[‑n\‑nÀ®b ka‑nX‑n A‑wK§Ä.

ii‑n\‑mbÀ {‑]k‑v C³Ì‑nä‑nb‑q«‑v UbdÎÀ {‑]k‑v C³Ì‑nä‑nb‑q«‑v H‑m^‑v C´‑yb‑ps‑Sb‑p‑w d‑nkÀ¨‑v C³Ì‑nä‑nb‑q«‑v t‑^‑mÀ \‑y‑qk‑v-t‑]¸À Uhe]‑vs‑aâ‑ns‑âb‑p‑w (d‑n³U‑v‑) UbdÎd‑mb‑n ]‑me¡‑mS‑v s‑I‑mÃt‑¦‑mS‑v k‑zt‑Zi‑n ii‑n\‑mbÀ \‑nba‑nX\‑mb‑n. h‑n. a‑pcf‑n G{]nð þ sabv 2013

16 hÀjs‑¯ t‑kh\¯‑n\‑pt‑ij‑w h‑nca‑n¨X‑ns‑\¯‑pSÀ¶‑mW‑v C‑u \‑nba\‑w. _‑nk‑n\k‑v s‑s‑e³‑, s‑s‑S‑wk‑v H‑m^‑v C´‑y‑, C¡t‑W‑ma‑nI‑v s‑s‑S‑wk‑v‑, h‑m³ C{‑^ F¶‑nhb‑n {‑]

hÀ¯‑n¨ t‑ija‑mW‑v ii‑n\‑mbÀ {‑] k‑v C³Ì‑nä‑nb‑q«‑n t‑NÀ¶X‑v. h‑nZ‑qc‑, d‑n³U‑v kÀs‑h‑, {‑K‑mâ‑v-d‑qS‑v-k‑v F¶‑o {‑] k‑n²‑oIcW§f‑ps‑S FU‑näd‑mb‑nc‑p¶ ii‑n\‑mbÀ C‑u N‑paXeIÄ X‑pSÀ¶‑p‑w hl‑n¡‑p‑w.

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A¡mZan hmÀ¯IÄ

a‑m[‑ya{‑]hÀ¯IÀ k‑zb‑w h‑naÀi\‑w \S¯W‑w : k‑v]‑o¡À a‑m[‑ya {‑]hÀ¯IÀ k‑zb‑w h‑naÀi Ic‑mIWs‑a¶‑v \‑nbak`‑m k‑v]‑o¡À P‑n. I‑mÀ¯‑nt‑Ib³ ]dª‑p. t‑Icf {‑]k‑v A¡‑mZa‑n t‑I‑mg‑nt‑¡‑mS‑v‑, hb\‑mS‑v {‑]k‑v ¢_‑pIf‑ps‑S klIcWt‑¯‑ms‑S {‑]‑mt‑Zi‑nI ]{‑X{‑]hÀ¯IÀ¡‑mb‑n k‑wLS‑n¸‑n¨ Z‑z‑nZ‑n\ ]T\I‑y‑m¼‑v ]‑p¯‑qÀhb k‑z‑ma‑n\‑mY³ Kt‑hjW\‑neb¯‑n DZ‑vL‑mS\‑w s‑N¿‑pIb‑mb‑nc‑p¶‑p At‑±l‑w.

BI‑mi¯‑n\‑v I‑og‑ne‑pÅ kIe X‑ns‑\b‑p‑w h‑naÀi‑n¡‑m³ AhI‑mi a‑pÅhc‑mW‑v a‑m[‑ya{‑]hÀ¯IÀ.

F¶‑m Ahs‑c Bc‑v h‑naÀi‑n¡‑p s‑a¶ t‑N‑mZ‑y‑w {‑]kàa‑mW‑v. a‑m[‑ya{‑]hÀ¯Ic‑ps‑S ]‑niI‑pIÄ N‑qï‑n¡‑m«‑nb‑m ]et‑¸‑mg‑p‑w AX‑v d‑nt‑¸‑mÀ«‑v s‑N¿‑md‑nÃ. a‑m[‑ya{‑]hÀ¯ IÀ k‑zb‑w e£‑vaWt‑cJ \‑nÀWb‑n t‑¡ïX‑pï‑v. c‑m{‑ã‑ob¡‑mÀ‑, Dt‑Z‑y‑mKØÀ‑, \‑oX‑n\‑y‑mbh‑n`‑mK‑w F¶‑nhs‑cÃ‑m‑w a‑m[‑ya§f‑ps‑S h‑naÀi\¯‑n\‑v h‑nt‑[ bc‑mW‑v. \‑nbaÚc‑ps‑S k‑m[‑mcW k‑w`‑mjW¯‑ns‑e ]c‑maÀi§Ä t‑]‑me‑p‑w he‑nb h‑mÀ¯b‑mb‑n a‑md‑p¶ I‑mea‑mW‑nX‑v. Z‑ri‑ya‑m[‑ya§f‑ne‑mW‑v CX‑v I‑qS‑pXe‑pÅX‑v. PU‑vP‑na‑mc‑p‑w a\‑pj‑yc‑ms‑W¶X‑n\‑m h‑n[‑n \‑nÀWbs‑¯t‑¸‑me‑p‑w C¯c‑w Aa‑nX h‑naÀi\‑w k‑z‑m[‑o\‑ns‑¨¶‑v hc‑p‑w. h‑mÀ¯ B \‑na‑nj‑wXs‑¶

P\§f‑ns‑e¯‑p¶ I‑mea‑mW‑nX‑v.

F¶‑m c‑mh‑ns‑es‑¯ s‑{‑_b‑v¡‑nM‑v\‑y‑qk‑v s‑s‑hI‑pt‑¶ct‑¯‑ms‑S A{‑]X‑y £a‑mh‑p¶ AhØb‑pa‑pï‑v. {‑K‑ma§ f‑p‑w s‑Nd‑nb ]«W§f‑p‑w h‑mÀ¯I f‑ps‑S Ddh‑nSa‑mI‑p¶ C¶s‑¯ I‑me ¯‑v {‑]‑mt‑Zi‑nI ]{‑X{‑]hÀ¯Ic‑ps‑S {‑]kà‑n he‑pX‑mW‑v I‑mÀ¯‑nt‑Ib³ ]dª‑p. {‑]k‑v A¡‑mZa‑n s‑NbÀa‑m³ F³.]n. c‑mt‑P{‑µ³ A[‑y£X hl‑n ¨‑p. hb\‑mS‑v {‑]k‑v ¢_‑v {‑]k‑nUâ‑v ]‑n.s‑I. AÐ‑pÄAk‑ok‑v‑, I‑y‑m¼‑v t‑I‑m H‑mÀU‑nt‑\äÀ F³. c‑mt‑Pj‑v‑, {‑]k‑v A¡‑mZa‑n Ak‑n. s‑k{‑I«d‑n F³.]‑n. kt‑´‑mj‑v‑, I‑me‑n¡ä‑v {‑]k‑v-¢_‑v s‑k{‑I«d‑n k‑n. h‑nt‑\‑mZ‑vN{‑µ³ F¶‑n hÀ k‑wk‑mc‑n¨‑p. Ba‑pJ¨S§‑n I‑y‑m¼‑v t‑I‑m H‑mÀU‑nt‑\äÀ F³.c‑mt‑P

t‑Icf {‑]k‑v A¡‑mZa‑nb‑ps‑S 2012-s‑e t‑PÀWe‑nk‑w Ah‑mÀU‑pIÄ¡‑v F³{‑S‑n £W‑n¨‑p.

Z‑n\]{‑X§f‑ns‑e a‑nI¨ FU‑nt‑ä‑m d‑nbe‑n\‑pÅ h‑n.Ic‑pW‑mIc³ \¼‑y‑mÀ Ah‑mÀU‑v‑, a‑nI¨ At‑\‑z jW‑mßI d‑nt‑¸‑mÀ«‑n\‑pÅ s‑N‑mÆc ]ct‑ai‑zc³ Ah‑mÀU‑v‑, a‑nI¨ {‑]‑mt‑Zi‑nI t‑eJI\‑pÅ a‑qÀ¡¶‑qÀ \‑mc‑mbW³ Ah‑mÀ U‑v‑, a‑nI¨ l‑y‑pa³ CâdÌ‑v k‑vt‑ä‑md‑n¡‑pÅ F³.F³.kX‑y {‑hX³ Ah‑mÀU‑v‑, a‑nI¨ \‑y‑qk‑v t‑^‑mt‑«‑m{‑K‑m^À¡‑pÅ {‑]k‑v A¡‑mZa‑n Ah‑mÀU‑v F¶‑nh b‑v¡‑mW‑v F³{‑S‑nIÄ £W‑n¨X‑v. d‑nt‑¸‑mÀ«‑n t‑eJIs‑â t‑]c‑v h¨‑n«‑ns‑æ‑n Ø‑m]\¯‑ns‑â t‑ae[‑nI‑mc‑nb‑ps‑S CX‑pk‑w_Ô‑n ¨ k‑m£‑y]{‑X‑w l‑mPc‑m¡W‑w.

F³{‑S‑nb‑ps‑S a‑q¶‑v t‑I‑m¸‑nIÄ

kl‑nX‑w G{‑]‑n 30\I‑w s‑k{‑I «d‑n‑, t‑Icf {‑]k‑v A¡‑mZa‑n‑, I‑m¡\‑mS‑v‑, s‑I‑m¨‑n-682 030 F¶ h‑ne‑mk¯‑n e`‑n¡W‑w.

2012-s‑e a‑nI¨ Z‑ri‑ya‑m[‑ya {‑]hÀ¯I\‑pÅ Ah‑mÀU‑n\‑v t‑{‑]£IÀ¡‑v t‑]c‑v \‑nÀt‑±i‑n¡‑m h‑p¶X‑mW‑v. GX‑v t‑aJeb‑ns‑e GX‑v t‑{‑]‑m{‑K‑ma‑mW‑v i‑p]‑mÀi s‑N¿‑p¶X‑v F¶‑p‑w t‑cJs‑¸S‑pt‑¯ ïX‑pï‑v. t‑{‑]£IÀ¡‑v {‑]k‑v A¡‑mZa‑n h‑ne‑mk¯‑nt‑e‑m mail@ pressacademy.org t‑e‑m i‑p]‑mÀiIÄ Abb‑v¡‑mh‑p¶X‑mW‑v.

Cc‑p]¯¿‑mb‑nc‑w c‑q]b‑p‑w {‑]ik‑vX‑n]{‑Xh‑pa‑mW‑v ]‑pck‑v-I‑mc t‑PX‑m¡Ä¡‑v e`‑n¡‑pI.

j‑v‑, t‑I‑mg‑nt‑¡‑mS‑v {‑]k‑v ¢º‑v {‑]k‑n Uâ‑v F‑w.k‑p[‑o{‑µI‑pa‑mÀ F¶‑nhÀ k‑wk‑mc‑n¨‑p. {‑]‑mt‑Zi‑nIh‑mÀ¯b‑ps‑S {‑]kà‑n‑, ]{‑X{‑]hÀ¯I ac‑y‑mZIÄ‑, h‑mÀ¯b‑p‑w \‑nbah‑p‑w‑, t‑]‑me‑ok‑p‑w t‑I‑mSX‑nb‑p‑w F¶‑o h‑njb§f‑n F.kP‑oh³‑, S‑n.]‑n. s‑Nd‑q¸‑, t‑U‑m.

H.s‑I. a‑pcf‑oI‑rj‑vW³‑, F³.k‑p`‑mj‑v _‑m_‑p‑, a‑mX‑r`‑qa‑n s‑U]‑y‑q«‑n FU‑näÀ F‑w.]‑n. k‑pt‑c{‑µ³‑, AU‑z. U‑n._‑n. _‑n\‑p F¶‑nhÀ ¢‑ms‑ÊS‑p¯‑p. a‑pJ‑ma‑pJ‑w ]c‑n]‑mS‑nb‑n a‑mX‑r`‑qa‑n s‑U]‑y‑q«‑n FU‑näÀ F³.]‑n.c‑mt‑P{‑µ³‑, at‑\‑mca Ak‑n.FU‑näÀ ]‑n.Z‑mt‑a‑mZc³‑, a‑oU‑nbh¬ N‑o^‑v FU‑näÀ k‑n.FÂ. t‑X‑mak‑v‑, t‑I‑mg‑nt‑¡‑mS‑v {‑]k‑v ¢_‑v C³Ì‑nä‑nb‑q«‑v H‑m^‑v t‑PWe‑nk‑w Bâ‑v Ia‑y‑qW‑nt‑¡j³k‑v UbdI‑väÀ h‑n.C. _‑meI‑rj‑vW³ F¶‑nhÀ ]s‑¦S‑p¯‑p.

a‑m[‑ya ]T\ I‑y‑m¼‑vh‑nZ‑y‑mÀ°‑nIÄ¡‑v cP‑nÌÀ s‑N¿‑m‑w. t‑Icf {‑]k‑v A¡‑mZa‑nb‑ps‑S B`‑na‑pJ‑y¯‑n s‑ab‑v 4‑, 5 X‑n¿X‑nIf‑n a‑m[‑yah‑nZ‑y‑mÀ°‑nIÄ¡‑mb‑n cï‑pZ‑nhks‑¯ ]T\I‑y‑m¼‑v t‑I‑mg‑nt‑¡‑m«‑v \S¯‑p‑w. k‑wØ‑m\¯‑n\I¯‑p‑w ]‑pd¯‑p‑w \‑n¶‑pa‑pÅ a‑pX‑nÀ¶ a‑m[‑ya{‑]hÀ¯Ic‑p‑w h‑nZK‑v²c‑p‑w ¢‑mÊ‑pIs‑fS‑p¡‑p¶ I‑y‑m¼‑n ]s‑¦S‑p¡‑m³ X‑me‑v]c‑ya‑pÅ‑, t‑PWe‑nk‑w a‑pJ‑yh‑njba‑mb‑n U‑n{‑K‑n /U‑nt‑¹‑ma t‑I‑mg‑vk‑pIf‑n ] T‑n¡‑p¶ h‑nZ‑y‑mÀ°‑nIÄ s‑k{‑I«d‑n‑, t‑Icf {‑]k‑v A¡‑mZa‑n‑, I‑m¡\‑mS‑v‑, s‑I‑m¨‑n 682030 F¶ h‑ne‑mk¯‑nt‑e‑m mail@pressacademy. org F¶ s‑ab‑ne‑nt‑e‑m _Ôs‑¸t‑SïX‑mW‑v. cP‑nÌÀ s‑N¿‑m\‑pÅ t‑^‑m¬ -0484-2422275‑, ^‑mI‑vk‑v-0484-2422068

G{]nð þ sabv 2013

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temIw Iï hc A´Àt±iob am²yacwKs¯ {]ikvXamb ImÀ«qWpIsf ]cnNbs¸Sp¯pIbmWv Cu ]wànbnð. amXr`qan ImÀ«qWnÌv Bb tKm]oIrjvW\mWv Ch XncsªSp¯v AhXcn¸n¡póXv.

BZ‑w s‑s‑k¥‑nk‑v \‑y‑qt‑b‑mÀ¡‑ns‑e _^t‑ñ‑m \‑y‑qk‑ns‑â FU‑nt‑ä‑md‑nbð I‑mÀ«‑qW‑nÌ‑mb BZ‑w s‑s‑k¥‑nk‑nt‑âX‑mW‑v kaI‑me‑o\ s‑I‑md‑nb³ c‑m{‑ã‑obs‑¯ N‑n{‑X‑oIc‑n¡‑pó C‑u I‑mÀ«‑q¬. {‑]t‑Zi¯‑v h‑oï‑p‑w b‑p²`‑oX‑n h‑nX¨‑ps‑I‑mï‑pÅ D¯cs‑I‑md‑nbb‑ps‑S ]‑pX‑nb \‑o¡§f‑mW‑v I‑mÀ«‑qW‑n\‑p ]Ý‑m¯e‑w. D¯c s‑I‑md‑nb³ `cW‑m[‑nI‑mc‑nb‑mb I‑n‑w t‑P‑m§‑v D³ BW‑v N‑n{‑X¯‑nð. Ct‑±l¯‑ns‑â I®‑pIf‑nt‑e¡‑p t‑\‑m¡‑nb‑mð Ct‑±l¯‑ns‑â Bß‑mh‑p I‑mW‑m‑w Fó‑mW‑v AS‑n¡‑pd‑n¸‑v. Bß‑mh‑v FóX‑n\‑pÅ t‑k‑mÄ Fó ] Z¯‑n\‑v Z£‑nWs‑I‑md‑nb³ XeØ‑m\a‑mb k‑nt‑b‑mÄ Fó ]Z¯‑ns‑â A£c§f‑mW‑v I‑mÀ«‑qW‑nÌ‑v \ðI‑nb‑nc‑n¡‑póX‑v. I‑n‑w t‑P‑m§‑ns‑â I®‑ns‑e I‑rj‑vWaW‑nb‑ps‑S Ø‑m\¯‑v t‑_‑m‑w_‑pk‑vt‑^‑mS\h‑p‑w N‑n{‑X‑oIc‑n¨‑nc‑n¡‑pó‑p. Z£‑nWs‑I‑md‑nbs‑b N‑p«‑pIc‑n¡‑m\‑mW‑v I‑n‑w t‑P‑m§‑ns‑â Bß‑mh‑v X‑pS‑n¡‑pós‑Xó‑v k‑qN‑n¸‑n¡‑pIb‑mW‑v I‑mÀ«‑qW‑nÌ‑v. s‑s‑k¥‑nk‑ns‑â I‑mÀ«‑qW‑pIÄ t‑IK‑nÄ I‑mÀ«‑q¬k‑v hg‑n At‑ac‑n¡b‑ms‑I k‑nï‑nt‑¡ä‑v s‑N¿s‑¸S‑pó‑pa‑pï‑v. _^t‑ñ‑m \‑y‑qk‑nð t‑Nc‑póX‑n\‑p a‑p¼‑v I‑m\‑nk‑nbk‑v t‑I‑mt‑fP‑ns‑e Ì‑pUâ‑v \‑y‑qk‑v t‑]¸d‑mb Z‑n {‑K‑n^‑n\‑ns‑e I‑mÀ«‑qW‑nÌ‑mb‑nc‑pó‑p Ct‑±l‑w. Ch‑ns‑S \‑nó‑mW‑v 2004ð s‑s‑k¥‑nk‑v _‑nc‑pZ‑w t‑\S‑póX‑v. h‑o¡‑ne‑n BÄ«Àt‑\ä‑oh‑v BÀ«‑vt‑h‑mb‑vk‑n\‑mb‑n {‑^‑oe‑m³k‑mb‑n I‑mc‑nt‑¡¨d‑pIf‑p‑w I‑mÀ«‑qW‑pIf‑p‑w ]T\I‑me¯‑v hc¨‑nc‑pó‑p.

At‑k‑mk‑nt‑bäU‑v t‑I‑mt‑fP‑v {‑]k‑v Ah‑mÀU‑v‑, b‑qW‑nt‑hg‑vkð {‑]k‑v k‑nï‑nt‑¡ä‑v Ah‑mÀU‑v Fó‑o {‑]a‑pJ Ah‑mÀU‑pIÄ t‑\S‑nb‑n«‑pÅ s‑s‑k¥‑nk‑v 2007s‑e \‑mjWð s‑lU‑vs‑s‑e\À Ah‑mÀU‑v ]«‑nIb‑ns‑e a‑qó‑m‑w Ø‑m\¡‑mc\‑pa‑mb‑nc‑pó‑p. tKm]oIrjvWsâ Cþsabvð: cartoonistgopikrishnan@gmail.com G{]nð þ sabv 2013

Printed and Published by V. G. Renuka, Secretary, On behalf of the Kerala Press Academy, Published from Kerala Press Academy, Kakkanad, Kochi – 682 030; Printed at Sterling Print House Pvt Ltd, Edappally; Editor: N. P. Rajendran.

Media Monthly | April - May 2013 | ` 10/- | RNI Reg No. KERBIL/2000/1676