C p sathyaraj

kmaq-lnI \thm-°m-\hpw am[y-a-§fpw

kmaq-lnI \thm-°m-\hpw am[y-a-§fpw kn.]n. kXy-cmPv

tIc-f-¯nse `qX-Ime kmaq-lnI apt¶-ä-§sfbpw Ahsb Iogvta adn-¡p¶ hÀ¯-am\ bmYmÀYy-§sfbpw am[y-a-§Ä ssIImcyw sNbvX hn[w hnaÀi-\m-ß-Iambn ]cn-tim-[n-¡p¶ ]T-\w. \thm-°m\ tIc-f-¯nsâ ]n³\-S-¯-¯n\v am[y-a-§Ä IpS-]n-Sn-¨-sX-§-s\-sb¶v hni-Z-am-¡p¶ bpàn-`-{Z\nco-£-W-§Ä. `àn-hy-h-km-b-¯nse em`-hnlnXw ]-äm\pÅ am[y-a-§fpsS hgn-hn« k©m-cw hyà-am-¡p¶ {KÙw.

Kerala Press Academy Kakkanad, Cochin

ss\-an-im-c-Wyw--

kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws

kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-a-ßfpw

kn.]n. kXy-cmPv

tIcf {]kv A°mZan 2014

1

2

kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws

ss\-an-im-c-Wyw--

kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws

3

kn.]n. kXy-cmPv am[ya {]h¿Ø-I≥. IÆq¿ Pn√-bnse Nmh-t»-cn-bn¬ P\\w. A—≥: sI hn cmP-tKm-]m-e≥. AΩ: kn ]n ]fln-\n. h¿Ø-am-\w, \yq GPv, am[yaw XpS-ßnb ]{X-ß-fn¬ {]h¿Øn®p. Ct∏mƒ C¥ym-hn-j-\n¬ No^v k_v FUn-‰¿. `mcy: hn\oX, aI≥:tNX≥ Fkv. cmPv. C sabn¬: cpsathiaraj@gmail.com

Malayalam Title :

Sammohika Navodhanavum Madhyamangalum

By C.P. Sathyaraj Š Kerala Press Academy. Some rights reserved.

The e-book edition of this work is licensed by Kerala Press Academy under CC BY 4.0. The work is to be attributed to V.Venugopal.

No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted, on paper or any non-electronic form, without the prior written permission of the copyright-owner.

V.Venugopal asserts the moral right to be identified as the author of this work.

Published by

Kerala Press Academy Kakkanadu, Kochi-30 Cover Design : Saji Clarion Published in May 2014 E-book edition not for sale.

D≈-S°w BapJw 1. tIcfw: Ccpfpw shfn-®hpw

11- -˛-30

kwL-Ime tIc-fw-˛B - c - ym-[n-\n-th-ihpw h¿Wm-{i-a[ - ¿a-ßf - pw˛amdp∂ ioe-߃˛ \msº-Sp-°p∂ \thm-∞m\w˛]-cn-jvI¿Øm°fpw {]ÿm-\ß - fpw

2. \thm-∞m\ apt∂-‰hpw BZy-Ime ]{X-ßfpw

31- -˛-63

BZy-Ime am[y-aß - fpw aX-t_m-[\ - h - pw˛aX-t_m-[\ - Ø - n¬\n∂v kmaq-lnI hna¿i\-Øn-te°v˛BZy-Ime {]kn-≤o-Ic - W - ß - fpw ap≥\n-c° - m-cpw˛hgn-\S- ∏ - v, t£{X-{]th-i\ ka-c-߃-˛-k-a-Z¿in˛[¿Ω-k-a-cw-˛-ae-bm-fn,- ka-Z¿in t]mcv˛ tIk-cn-˛-ktlm-Zc - ≥-˛X - fn-t£-{X-]c - n-kc - sØ hgn-\S- ∏ - v˛tIcf Iuap-Zn˛ssh°w kXym-{K-lw˛-k© - m-ck - zm-X{- ¥yØn-s\-Xnsc Cug-hs‚ thm´v˛amXr-`q-an-bpsS XpS-°w-˛t- £-{X{]-th-i-\-Øn-\p≈ CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ˛sI.-]n. tIih tat\ms‚ Ad-Ãv-˛-k-h¿W-PmY˛Kpcp-hm-bq¿ kXym-{K-lw˛kmaq-Xn-cn°pw sNIn-SØ - S- n® kh¿W-\p-sa-Xn-sc˛aebm-f-a-t\m-c-a-bpsS kq£va-Np-h-Sp-Iƒ˛{]Pm-k-`-bnse ama≥ am∏n-f˛tIcf tkhI-s\-Xnsc k¿°m¿

3. kap-Zmb ]cn-jvIc- W - ß - ƒs°m∏w

64 -˛- 91

kap-Zm-b] - c - n-jI v c - W {]h¿Ø-\ß - ƒ˛DÆn\-ºq-Xc - n˛A¥¿P-\Ø - n-s‚bpw t\XymcΩ-bp-sSbpw t]mcv˛anX-hm-ZnbpsS Zμz-\n-e] - mSv˛\h-i‡ - n-˛h - n-Zym-hn-t\m-Zn-\n˛ktlmZ-c≥˛an{i-t`m-P-\w, an{i-hn-hm-lw, hn[-hm-hn-hmlw˛aXw-am-‰-߃˛ apkveow kapZm-bØ - nse am‰-߃-˛A - ‘ - h - n-izm-kß - ƒ°pw A\m-Nm-cß - ƒ°p-sa-Xn-sc˛apd-P] - Øn-s\-Xn-sc˛arK-_en \n¿Øm≥˛]{X-am-cW \nb-aß - ƒ

4. kzmX-{¥ym-\¥ - c ]n≥\-SØw

92- -˛-136

kzmX-{¥ym-\-¥c cmjv{So-b-am-‰w-˛-]-{X-ß-fpsS {]^-j-W¬ coXn˛PmXo-b-X-bpsS ]p\xkrjvSnbpw PmXn-cm-jv{So-bhpw˛am[y-a-ß-fnse PmXo-b-X˛h¿Kob tNcp-hIƒ˛aqe-[-\hpw kmaq-lnI ImgvN-∏m-Spw˛`‡nbpw ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\-hpw˛Kpcp-hmbq-cnse tNmdq¨ hnhm-Zw˛]Sn-°p-]p-d-Øm-Ip∂ Cug-h-∏q-Pm-cn-am¿˛i_-cn-ebpw kz¿W-{]-i\ v Ø - nse au\-hpw˛aIc tPymXn-bpsS D≈-dI - f - n-te°v IS-°m-sX-˛] - fl\m- ` - t £{X \n- e - h d Xpd- ° mØ cl- k y- ß ƒ˛s]m¶m- e - b - £ - c - ß - f nse `‡n˛BtLm-ja - m-Ip∂ _en-X¿∏-Ww˛BƒssZ-hß - ƒ°p-]n-∂m-se˛Aar-Xm-\μ - a-bn°p ap∂n¬ Xe-Ip-\n-®v˛- k - t- ¥mjv am[-h\ - n¬ kS-Ip-S™ v˛ap…ow \thm-∞m\hpw BNm-c-ß-fpw˛Xncp-tIiw sXmSmØ \njv]-£-X˛an{i-hn-hm-l-Øn¬\n∂v eu Pnlm-Zn-te-°v

5. hnizmk-ßf- psS hn]Wn

137- -˛-148

hn]-Wnbpw P\m-`n-em-j-hpw˛Cw•ojv am[y-a-ß-fpsS hgn-tb˛Dev]∂ k¶ev]w ]{X-ß-fn-epw-˛B`n-Nm-c-{In-b-I-fpsS ]c-ky-hn-]-Wn˛am{¥n-I-G-e- p-I-sf∂ [\mK-a\ - a - m¿§w-˛] - t- c-Xm-flm-°ƒ°pw CSw˛]-{X-߃°v Hcp D]-Im-ck - vac - W

6. Ad-®p-\n¬°p∂ Zriy-am-[y-aß - ƒ

149- -˛1- 52

Zriy-am-[y-a-ß-fpsS XpS-°hpw hm¿Øm Nm\-ep-I-fpsS Bhn¿`m-h-hpw-˛-s]m-en-atb-Ip∂ Zriy-hn-cp-∂p-Iƒ-˛B - t- Lm-ja - m-Ip∂ aI-ct- Pym-Xnbpw s]m¶m-eb - pw-˛Z- riymt\z-jW km-[y-XI - fnte°v IS-°msX

klm-bI {KŸ-߃

BapJw cmPy-Øn\v amXr-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p tIc-f-Ønse kmaq-lnI \thm∞m\ apt∂-‰-߃. kmaq-lnI D®-\o-NXzw AXns‚ F√m cu{ZX- tbm-sSbpw Ac-tß-dnb Hcp `qX-Im-e-Øn¬\n∂v Iogm-f-P-\-hn`m-K-߃°v Xe-bp-b¿Øn \S-°m-\p≈ kml-Ncyw Hcp-ßn-bXv Zo¿L-Imew kaq-l-Øns‚ k¿h-X-e-ß-fnepw \S∂ ]cn-jvI-cW {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn-eq-sS-bm-Wv. kmaq-lnI apt∂-‰-Ønse Cu ae-bmf-s∏-cp-a-bn¬ Du‰w-sIm-≈p-tºmgpw \thm-∞m-\-ap-t∂-‰-ßsf Iogvta¬ adn-°p∂ kw`-h-ß-ƒ h¿Ø-am-\-Ime kaq-l-Ønepw Ac-tß-dn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂p F∂Xv Hcp bmYm¿Yy-am-Wv. hyXykvX Ime-L-´-Ønse kmaq-lnI kml-N-cy-ßsf am[y-a-߃ Fßs\ kao-]n-®p-sh∂XmWv Cu ]T-\-Ønse D≈- S-°w. sFIy-tI-cf ]nd-hn°v apºp≈ tIc-f-Øns‚ kmaq-lnI kmlN-cy-߃ ]cn-tim-[n-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS- am{Xta B[p-\nI ImesØ khn-ti-j-X-bn-te°v Fßs\ FØn-t®¿∂p F∂ hni-I-e-\w km[yamIq. H∂mw A[ym-b-Øn¬ CXn-\p≈ {ia-amWv \S-Øp∂-Xv. kwL-Ime kmaqly kml-Nc - y-ßf - pw AXns‚ XpS¿®-bmbn h¿Wm-{ia[¿aw tIc-f-Øns‚ kmaqly a\- ns\ Iog-S-°n-b-sXß-s\-sb∂pw Cu A[ym-b-Øn¬ ]cn-tim-[n-°p-∂p. kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m\ {]ÿm-\-ß-fpsS DZ-bhpw AXns‚ {]h¿Ø\ coXn-bpw BZy-Ime ae-bmf ]{X-߃ AXn-s\ Fßs\-bmWv ho£n-®-sX-∂p-amWv c≠mw A[ym-b-Øn¬ Dƒs∏-SpØn-bn-´p-≈-Xv. kzmX{¥y e_v[n-°p-tijw tIc-f-Ønse s]mXpkm-aq-lnI t_m[-Øn¬h∂ am‰-ß-sfbpw AXn-t\m-Sp≈ am[y-ak-ao-]-\-ß-fp-amWv aq∂pw \mepw A[ym-b-Øn-ep-≈-Xv. am[y-a-cwKØv aqe-[\ Xmev]cy-߃ DS-se-Sp-°p-Ibpw AXv \thm-∞m-\aq-ey-߃ ]n¥p-S-cp-∂-Xn¬ F¥v kao-]-\-amWv kzoI-cn-®-sX∂pw \memw A[ymbw ]cn-tim-[n-°p-∂p. Zriy-am-[y-a-߃ tIcf-ØnkPo-ha - mb tijap≠mb kml-Nc - y-ßsf A®-Sn-am-[y-aß - fpw Zriyam-[y-a-ßfpw Fßs\ ssIImcyw sNbvXp-sh∂XmWv A©mw A[ym-bw.

tIc-f-Øns‚ kmaq-lnI Ncn-{XsØbpw hnIm-k-sØbpw Ipdn®p≈ {KŸ-ßfpw ae-bmf ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\N-cn{Xw kw_-‘n® cN-\-Ifpw ]gb ]{X-ß-fp-sSbpw \ne-hn-ep≈ ]{X-ß-fp-sSbpw ]Xn-∏p-Ifpw ]cn-tim-[n-®mbncp∂p ]T\w. ]g-b-Ime ]{X-ß-fpsSbpw B\p-Im-en-I-ß-fp-sSbpw ]Xn-∏p-Iƒ ]cn-tim-[n-°p-∂-Xn\v Xriq¿ kmln-Xy-A-°m-Zan sse{_-dn-bn¬\n∂v e`n® kl-I-cWw hne-s∏-´-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. CtXm-sSm∏w hnhn[ am[y-a-ÿm-]-\-ß-fn{]h¿Øn-°p∂ am[y-a-{]-h¿Ø-I-cpsS kl-I-c-Whpw ]T\w ]q¿Øn-bm-°p-∂-Xn\v klm-b-I-c-am-bn. Ah-tcm-sS-√m-ap≈ IrX⁄X tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. tIc-f-Øns‚ kmaq-ln-I-\-thm-∞m-\-sØbpw am[y-a-ß-fpsS ]¶n-s\bpw Ipdn-®p≈ ]T-\-Øn\v A\p-a-Xnbpw km[y-Xbpw Hcp°n-Ø∂ tIcf {]kv A°m-Za - n-tbm-Sp≈ IrX-⁄X - bpw {]tXyIw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. kmaq-lnI am‰sØ Ipdn-®p≈ XpS¿ am[ya ]T-\-߃°v sNdnb ASn-Ø-d-bm-Im≥ Cu ]T\w klm-b-I-amIpw F∂mWv {]Xo-£.

kn.]n. kXy-cmPv

{]km[\°pdn∏v tIcf {]kv A°mZan kwÿm\ k¿°mcn‚ [\klmbtØmsS \S∏m°nb KthjW ]≤XnbpsS ^eamWv Cu {]_‘w.

2008˛09 h¿jsØ kwÿm\ _P‰nemWv k¿°m¿ KthjW ]≤Xn°v XpI hIbncpØnbXv. ]{X{]h¿ØIcn¬ \n∂v At]£ kzoIcn°m\pw A¿lcmbhsc Xncs™Sp°m\pw ka¿∏n® ]T\\nKa\߃ Ip‰a‰Xm°m\pw kabsaSpØp. 2012 am¿®n¬ ]T\w ]q¿Ønbm°n {]_‘w ka¿∏n®XmWv {io.hn.thWptKm]m¬ . 2013 P\phcnbn¬ £Wn°s∏´ kZ n\v apºmsI AhXcn∏n®v AwKoImcw t\Sn. Ip´nbpw am[yaßfpw F∂XmWv {io.hn.thWptKm]mens‚ ]T\hnjbw.

Xo¿-®-bm-bpw K-l-\am-b Cu hn-j-b-am-Wv {io k-Xy-cm-Pv ]T-\Øn\v G-s‰-Sp-Ø-Xv. F-∂m¬ ]T-\w A-Xn-sem-Xp-ßn-\n¬-°p-∂n√.

A-‘-hn-izm-k-߃°pw A-\m-Nm-c-߃-°pw F-Xn-sc ]-S s]m-cpXnb A-tX ]-{X-߃ X-s∂ kzm-X-{¥ym-\¥-cw s{]m-^-j-\¬ ]-{X{]-h¿-Ø-\-Øn-s‚ ap-Jw-aq-Sn-bn-´v A-‘h -- n-izm-k-߃°pw A-\m-Nmc-߃-°p-t]mepw t{]m-’ml-\w \¬-Ip-∂, \-thm-∞m-\-Øn¬ \n∂p-≈ Xn-cn-™p-\-S-Ø-sØ-Ip-dn®pw {io k-Xy-cm-Pv hn-e-tbdn-b \o-co-£-W-߃ \-S-Øp-∂p-≠v. hn-]-Wn- F√m aq-ey-ß-ƒ°pw hn-ebn-Sp-∂- Im-ew F-∂ Zp-c-¥-Øn-te-°m-Wv K-th-j-I≥ hn-c¬-Nq-≠p∂-Xv.

h¿-j-߃ ]n-∂n-´mepw hm-bn-°-s∏-tS-≠ Cu Ir-Xn h-cpw-X-e-ap-dIƒ-°pw F-fp-∏w e-`y-am-Ip-∂ C˛_p-°v B-bn {]-kn-≤-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xn¬ k-t¥m-jhpw A-`n-am-\-hp-ap-≠v. C-\n-bp-ta-sd N¿-®-Iƒ°pw kw-hm-Z-Øn\pw C-Xv ]m-{X-amIpw F-∂v B-in-°p∂p.

F≥.]n.cm-tP-{μ≥ sN-b¿-am≥, tI-c-f {]-kv A-°mZan sIm-®n 15 Pqsse 2014

A[ymbw H∂v

tIcfw: Ccpfpw shfn-®hpw P¿a≥ ss{IkvXh anj-W-dn-bmb tUm. sl¿a≥ Kp≠¿´v 1847 PqWn¬ Xe-t»-cn-bn¬\n∂v ae-bm-f-Ønse BZysØ {]Xn-amk ]{Xn-Ib - mb "cmPy-ka - m-Nmcw' {]ko-≤o-Ic - n-®v GXm≠v Ac-\q-‰m≠v Ign-™t∏m-gm-bn-cp∂p kzman hnth-Im-\-μs‚ tIcf kμ¿iw.

"CsXmcp {`m¥-me-b-amWv' F∂ kzman hnth-Im-\-μs‚ ]cn-lmkw A∂sØ tIc-fØ - nse kmaq-lym-¥c - o-£Ø - ns‚ ]cn-Xm-]I - c - a - mb ÿnXnbpsS hym]vXn hy‡-am-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. C¥y-bnse CXctZi-ß-sf-t∏mse aX-hnizmk tI{μo-Ir-Xambn-cp∂p A∂v tIc-f-Ønsebpw s]mXp-k-aq-lw. F∂m¬, AXn-ep-]-cn-bmbn as‰ßp-an-√mØ hn[w PmXn-˛-D-]-PmXn _‘-ßfpw th¿Xn-cn-hp-Ifpw tIc-f-Øns‚ kmaq-ly-ÿnXn AXy-[nIw k¶o¿W-am-°nbncp-∂p. hnizm-k-߃°pw BNm-c-߃°psam∏w A‘-hn-izm-khpw A\mNm-chpw kaq-l-Øn¬ apJy-ÿm\w t\Sn. Hc¿∞-Øn¬ A‘-hnizm-k-߃°pw A\m-Nm-c-߃°p-am-bn-cp∂p ta¬ss° F∂p ]dbmw. \mSp-hm-gnØ`q{]-`p-Xz-Øn-\m-bn-cp∂p A[n-Im-cw. Ch¿s°m∏w PmXn-ta¬t°m-bvabpw kaq-lØ - ns‚ Ne-\ß - sf \nb-{¥n-®p. \mSph-mgn-bn-emtWm, P∑n-bn-em-tWm, Db¿∂ PmXn-bn-emtWm A[nImcw tI{μo-I-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂-sX∂v th¿Xn-cn-®-dn-bm-\m-hm-Øhcm-bncp∂p Iogmf P\hn-`m-Kw. {_m“-Wcpw £{Xn-bcpw Ah-cpsS Imcyÿ-h¿Khpw Xm¥m-ß-fpsS CjvS-Øn-\\p-k-cn®v \nb-a-ßfpw hyhÿ-Ifpw \n¿an-°p-Ibpw hymJym-\n-°p-Ibpw \S-∏m-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Xpey-\o-Xn-b-√, hnth-N-\-am-bn-cp∂p \nb-a-hy-h-ÿ-bpsS ASn-ÿm\w Xs∂. \mSp-hm-gn-I-fnepw PmXn- ta¬t°mbva ÿm\Øp--≈-h-cnepw `qan-bp-sSbpw kº-Øn-s‚bpw A[n-Imcw ]q¿Wambpw \n£n-]vX-am-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ Iogm-f-hn`mKw Zcn-{Z-cm-bn-cp-∂p; F√m A¿∞Ønepw. kº-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ am{X-a-√, hnZym`ym-k-Øns‚ Imcy-Ønepw Cu Zmcn{Zyw Ahsc ]nSn-Iq-Sn. hnZym`ymkw kh¿W-cn¬ am{Xw tI{μo-I-cn-°-s∏-´p. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ kaq-l-Øn¬ hn\o-X-hn-t[-b-cm-hm≥ am{Xta Ah¿Æ¿°v km[n-

- fpws 12 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

°p-am-bn-cp-∂p-≈q. AXm-bn-cp∂p A∂sØ \m´p-\-S-∏v. A\p-k-cn°pI F∂-Xn¬ Ah¿Ws‚ F√m Ah-Im-i-ßfpw HXp-ßn.

A‘-hn-izm-khpw A\m-Nm-chpw Ah¿W-\n¬ am{X-am-bn-cp-∂n√. aqV-hn-izm-k-ß-fpsS ta¬ AS-bn-cn-°p-∂Xn¬ kh¿Wcmbncp∂p ap∂n¬. A[n-Im-cn-If - n¬\n∂pw ta¬Pm-Xn-°m-cn¬\n-∂pap≈ ]oU-\-Øns‚ `oXn \nanØw A‘-hn-izm-khpw A\m-Nm-c-hpw A\p-jvTn-°m≥ Ah¿W¿ \n¿_-‘n-X-cm-b-t∏mƒ, kh¿W¿ kzbw krjvSn-s®-SpØ `oXn-bpsS temI-Øm-bn-cp∂p Ign-™-Xv. BNm-c\n-tj-[w hgn X߃ ]X-\-Øn-te°v \bn-°s∏Sp-sa∂v Ah¿ `b-∂p. A‘-hn-izmkw ImgvN-a-d-®p. AXn-\-∏p-dsØ ImgvN-Im-Wm≥ kh¿W¿°v km[n®n√. Cu `oXn-bn¬\n-∂p≈ tamN-\-am-bncp∂p Iogm-f-\p-ta-ep≈ A[n-Im-c-{]-tbm-K-Øn-eqsSbpw BNm-c-\njvI¿j-bn-eq-sSbpw kh¿W¿ km-[y-am-°n-bn-cp∂Xv. ASnak{º-Zm-bw, Abn-Øw, sXm´p-Iq-Sm-bva, Xo≠n-°q-Sm-bva, PmXn-{`-„v, ]pe-t∏-Sn, aÆm-t∏-Sn, ]d-t∏-Sn, apd-P-]w, Zmb-{I-aw, ssiih hnhm-lw, _lp-`m-cym-Xzw, _lp-`¿Xr-Xzw, Xmen-sI´v Ieym-Ww, Xnc-≠p-I-eym-Ww, kv{XoI-fpsS amdp-a-d-bv°m-Xn-cn-°¬, k©mc kzmX{¥y \ntj-[w, t£{X-{]-th--\-an-√mbva, hnZym-`ymk \ntj[w, acp-a-°-Ømbw, P∑nØw F∂n-ßs\ \m\m-hn-[m-Nm-cßfpw \nb-a-hy-h-ÿIfp-am-bn-cp∂p A°m-eØv \ne-\n-∂n-cp-∂Xv. Cu \nb-a-ßfpw BNm-c-ßfpw ]men-°p∂-Xn¬ kq£vaX ]pe¿tØ≠ _m[y-Xbpw Ah¿W\pw IogvPm-Xn-°m¿°p-am-bn-cp∂p. AXm-b-Xv, kh¿Ws‚ ]cn-ip≤n \jvS-am-Im-Xn-cn-°m-\p≈ {i≤ Iogm-f¿ ]pe¿Ø-W-am-bn-cp∂p. AXn\mbn kh¿WcpsS I¨sh- ´ Øv bmZr- — n- I - a mbnt]mepw h∂p- s ]- S m- X n- c n- ° m≥ Ah¿W≥ {i≤n-°-Ww. {_m“-W¿, £{Xn-b¿, \mb¿ XpS-ßn kh¿W hn`m-K-Øn-ep-≈-h¿ ]pd-Øp-t]m-Ip-tºmƒ {]tXyI i_vZw ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°p-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ah¿W≥ Xo≠m-∏m-S-Iew kq£n-°p∂-Xn-\m-Wn-Xv. ANm-cm-\p-jvTm-\ß - f - n¬ hcp-Øp∂ hogvNbpsS in£bpw ISp-Ø-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. in£ -`-b∂v ISp-InS sX‰msX Ah ]men-°p-∂-Xn¬ Hcp -]-cn-[n-hsc F√m-hcpw \njvI¿j ]men®p.

ss\-an-im-c-Wyw--

kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws

13

tIc-f-Ønse kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m\ apt∂-‰-߃ sshtZ-inIm-[n-]-Xy-w DS-se-Sp°p-∂-Xn\pw Ht∂m ct≠m \q‰m≠paptº tIcfw CØcsamcp kmaq-lnI N´-°q-Sn-em-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v Ncn-{XIm-c-∑m¿ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. F∂m¬, AXn\papºp≈ Ime-L-´Øn¬ CØ-c-samcp th¿Xn-cnhv tIc-f-Øn¬ ImWm≥ km[n-°pam-bn-cp-∂n-√. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ tIc-f-Øns‚ kmaq-lnI Ncn-{Xhn-Im-ksØ {]mY-an-I-ambn aq∂v L´-ß-fmbn Xncn-°m≥ km[n°pw. H∂v, tIcfØns‚ Ncn{Xw cq]s∏-´p XpS-ßnb kwL-Im-eL-´w. c≠v, Bcy-h-XvI-c-Whpw AXn\v tij-hpw. aq∂v, \thm∞m\ Ime-L´w. {InkvXp-h¿j-Øn‚ BZysØ A©v \ - q-‰m-≠p-Iƒ hcp∂ kwLIm-esØ tIc-f-Øns‚ kmaq-lyLS\ ]nevIm-esØ At]-£n®v XnI®pw hyXy-kvX-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v s{]m^. Cfw-Ipfw ]nFw Ip™≥]n-≈-sbbpw F {io[-c-ta-t\ms\bpw t]mep≈ Ncn-{XIm-c-∑m¿ tcJ-s∏-SpØnbn-´p-≠v. tIcf Ncn{Xw cq]-s∏-´p-Xp-S-ßp∂XvXs∂ Xan-gvkm-ln-Xy-Ønse kp{]-kn-≤-amb kwL-Im-e-L´-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂p. A∂v Xan-g-I-Øns‚ `mK-am-bn-cp∂p tIc-f-hpw. thWm-Sv, Ip´-\m-Sv, IpS-\m-Sv, ]qgn-\m-Sv, I¿°m-\mSv F∂n-ßs\ A©p-\m-Sp-IfpsS ka-\z-b-am-bn-cp∂p tIc-fw. A°m-esØ kmaqlnI Pohn-XsØ "tIcf Ncn-{X-Øn¬' F {io[-c-ta-t\m≥ hnh-cn°p-∂Xv Cß-s\-bmWv: "Hcp kw{K-YnXkwkvIm-c-Øns‚ hnI-k-\-Øn\v Bh-iyamb ASn-ÿm\ LS-I-ß-sf√mw kwL-Im-eØv D≠m-bncp-∂p. A∂v kaqlw kap-Zm-b-ß-fmbpw PmXn-I-fmbpw Jfin-X-ambn hn`-Pn-°-s∏-´n-cp-∂n-√. cq£-amb PmXn-hyXym-k-tam, kmaq-ln-I-amb th¿Xn-cn-°tem A⁄m-X-ambn-cp-∂p. P\-߃ kmaq-ln-I-amb kzmX-{¥y-Ønepw kaXz-Ønepw Ign-™p-Iq-Sn. A≤zm-\-Øns‚ A¥ v FhnsSbpw AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏-´n-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ sXmgn-ens‚ \nehm-c-Øn-\-\p-k-cn®v P\-ßsf kmaq-ly-ambn XmW-hsct∂m Db¿∂-h-sct∂m Xcw-Xn-cn-®n-cp-∂n-√. ]mW¿, Ipd-h¿, ]d-b¿, thS¿ XpS-ßnb kap-Zm-b-ßsf cmPm-°∑mcpw {]`p-°-∑mcpw _lp-am-\-]q¿Δ-amWv ]cn-K-Wn-®n-cp-

- fpws 14 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

∂-Xv. ]cn-]q¿W-amb hnZym-`ym-k-Øn\v Ah¿°v Ah-Imi-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ]mW¿ _p≤n-]-chpw kwkvIm-cn-I-hpamb kn≤n-I-fm¬ {_m“-W-scbpw AXn-i-bn-∏n-®p.' ˛tIcf Ncn-{Xw, ]pdw 90 kwL-Im-esØ P\-ßfn¬ `qcn-]-£-Øn\pw FUn 500 hsc {]tXy-I a-X-sam-∂pw- D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-s√∂pw {io[-c-ta-t\m≥ ]d-bp∂p. AXn\v tij-ap≈ aq∂p-\q-‰m-≠p-I-fnse tIcf Ncn-{XsØ Ipdn®v aXn-bmb tcJ-I-sfm∂pw Is≠-Sp-°m≥ Ncn-{X-Im-c-∑m¿°v km[n-®n-´n-√. Nmeq-Iy¿, ]√-h¿, ]mfiy¿, cmjv{S-Iq-S¿ F∂o hwi-߃ tIc-fsØ B{I-an®v B[n-]-Xy-ap-d-∏n-s®-∂mWv hnizkn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. Ch-cpsS B[n-]Xyw apX¬ km-aq-lnILS-\-bnImXemb am‰Øn\v tIcfw km£n-bm-bn. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ HºXmw \q‰m-≠n\v tijw tIc-f-Øn-ep-≠m-bXv Xo¿Øpw s]mfns®-gp-Xnb Hcp kmaq-ly-L-S-\-bm-bn-cp∂p F∂p ]d-bmw. tIcf Ncn-{Xw kw_-‘n® Cu Ccp-fm≠Ime-L-´-Øn-emWv Bcy-h-XvIcWw Z£n-tW-¥y-bnse {ZmhnU kwkvIm-c-Øn\v ta¬ B[n]Xyw ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xv. Cu Bcy-h-XvI-cWw tIc-f-Ønse h¿Why-h-ÿ-bnepw kmaq-ly-L-S-\-bnepw henb ]cn-h¿Ø\w Xs∂ hcp-Øn. AXm-Is´ A©mw \q‰m-≠p-hsc \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂ Hcp LS-\-bpsS t\¿ hn]-co-X-am-bn-cp-∂p. AXp-hscbn√m-Xn-cp∂ PmXnhy-h-ÿ-bn-te°v tIcfw hgn-am-dn \S-∂Xv Cu Bcy-h-XvI-c-WØn\v tij-am-Wv. "tIc-fØ - nse Bcy--hX - vIc - Ww aμ-sa-¶nepw A\p-kyq-Xa - mb Hcp {]{In-b-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Bbp-[-ß-fpsS i‡n-sIm-≠-√, kam-[m-\Øns‚ \tbm-]m-b-߃sIm-≠m-bn-cp∂p Iuie-Øn¬ AXp km[n-®-Xv. hS-°p-\n-∂p -h∂ {_m“-W-cpsS ap¥nb _p≤n-i-‡nbp-sSbpw `c-W-ssh-Z-Kv[y-Øn-s‚bpw apºn¬ Chn-SsØ {ZmhnU h¿K-°m¿ \nt»jw Iog-S-ßp-∂-Xp-hsc AXp \o≠p-\n-∂p' (tIcf Ncn-{Xw, ]pdw 102) F∂mWv F {io[-c-ta-t\m≥ Cu ]cnh¿Ø-\sØ hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂-Xv. Cu B- c y- h - X v I - c - W - Ø ns‚ ASn- Ø - d bn- e mWv ]nev I me tIcfØns‚ kmaq-ly-L-S\ sI´n-s∏m-°n-b-Xv. Nmeq-Iy¿°pw ]√h¿°pw tIc-fØ - n-ep-≠mb ta[m-hnXzw Bcy-hX - vIc - W - Ø - n\v thKw

ss\-an-im-c-Wyw--

kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws

15

Iq´m≥ henb kml-N-cy-sam-cp-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. CtXmsS ]pXnb kmap- l nI _‘- ß ƒ DS- s e- S p- Ø p. h¿W- t h¿Xn- c n- h p- I ƒ°v ]pXnb am\-Z-fi-ß-fm-bn. AXn\v apºv kaq-l-Øn¬ Db¿∂ ÿm\-Øp-≠m-bn-cp∂ hn`m-K-߃ {ItaW IogvPm-Xn-°m-cmbn ]cnW-an-®p. A[n-Im-chpw kºØpw Bcy-∑m-cn¬ tI{μo-Ic - n-°pI IqSn sNbvX-tXmsS CXn\v B°w IqSn. kwL-Im-e-Øns‚ Ah-km-\L´w hsc kaql-Øn¬ D∂X ÿm\-Øp-≠m-bn-cp∂ thS¿, ]mW¿, Ipd-h¿ XpS-ßnb A≤zm-\-h¿K-߃ aq∂mw-X-c-°m-cmbn XmW PmXn-I-sf∂ A[n-t£-]-Øn\v CS-bmbn.

FUn F´mw \q‰m≠v tIc-f-Øn¬ {_m“-Wm-[n-]-Xyw i‡nbm¿Pn® Ime-L-´-am-bn-cp-∂p. Bcy-h-XvIcW Ime-L-´-Øn¬ tIcf-Øn\v ]pd-Øp-\n∂v {_m“-W-cpsS hen-sbmcp kwLw Xs∂ ChnsS FØn-t®-cp-I-bp-≠m-bn. tIc-f-Ønse {_m“-W¿s°m∏w ]pd-Øp-\n-s∂-Ønb {_m“-W¿IqSn tN¿∂-tXmsS kaq-l-Øns‚ ta¬ kºq¿Wm-[n-]Xyw Dd-∏n-°m-hp∂ hn[-Ønep≈ Hcp i‡nbmbn Bcy-aXw amdp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. {_m“-W¿°p-≠mb Cu {]mapJyw s]mXp-Po-hn-X-Øns‚ F√m taJ-e-bnepw henb ]cnh¿Ø\w Xs∂ krjvSn-®p. kwL-Im-esØ {ZmhnUtKm{Xw IqSpX¬ Zp¿_-e-am-hp-Ibpw apJy-[m-c-bn¬\n∂v {ItaW Dƒh-en-bs∏Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. "NmXp¿h¿Wy-Øns‚ A\n-tj-[y-X-bn¬ A[njvTn-X-amb Bcy-{]-am-W-߃ {]N-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn¬ Akm-[m-cW aXXo{h-X-tbmsS {]h¿Øn®n-cp∂ Cu {_m“-W¿ tIc-f-Ønse PmXn-c-ln-X-amb kaq-l-Øn¬ PmXn-k-{º-Zmbw X{¥-]q¿Δw XncpIn-°-b-‰p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p' (tIcf Ncn{Xw, ]pdw 105) F∂v F {io[c-ta-t\m≥ Nq≠n-°m-´p∂p.

Xangv kwkvIm-c-Øns‚ `mK-am-bn-cp∂ tIc-f-Øn¬ Bcy-kwkvIm-cØ - ns‚ `mK-amb h¿W-hn-`P - \w \S-∂Xv kmaq-ln-Im-[n-Imcw ÿm]n-s®-Sp-°p-∂-Xns‚ `mK-am-bn-cp-∂p. cmPm-°-∑m-cnepw \mSphm-gn-Ifnepw `q{]-`p-°-∑m-cnepw kzm[o\w t\Sp-Ibpw {ItaW AhcpsS ta¬ kºq¿Wm-[n-]Xyw ssIh-cn-°p-I-bp-am-bn-cp∂p Bcy∑m¿. A∂sØ A[n-Im-c-Øns‚bpw kº-Øns‚bpw tI{μ-ßfm-bn-cp∂ tImhn-e-I-ßfpw t£{X-ßfpw ]cn-]q¿W-ambpw Bcy{_m“-W-cp-sSbpw £{Xn-b-cp-sSbpw \nb-{¥-W-Øn-te°v {ItaW h∂p-tN¿∂p. F∂m¬ DØ-tc-¥y≥ kmaq-ln-I-L-S-\sb AtX-

- fpws 16 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

]Sn ]dn-®p-\-Sm≥ Bcy-∑m¿°v Ign-™n-cp-∂n-√. ImcWw, kwLIm-esØ {ZmhnU kwkvImcw ChnsS A°m-eØv A{X-ta¬ thcq∂n- ° - g n- ™ n- c p- ∂ p. AXns‚ ^e- a mbn h¿W- h n- ` - P \Øn\pw {]tXyI kz`mhw ssIh-∂p. tIc-f-Ønse Bcym-[n-\n-thi ImeL-´-Øn¬Xs∂ I®-h-Sm-h-iy-Øn-\mbn FØnb blq-ZcpsSbpw {InkvXym-\n-I-fp-sSbpw Ad-_n-I-fptSbpw km∂n[yw Chn-sS-bp-≠mbn-cp-∂p. Xan-g-I kwkvIm-c-Øn-s\m∏w Cu hntZ-iob I®-h-Skaqlhpw Cg-tN¿∂p \n∂-Xn-\m¬ tIc-f-Øn¬ {]tXyI kmaq-lyL-S-\-bmWv cq]-s∏-´-Xv. Bcym-h¿ØØn-se∂-t]mse hy‡-amb NmXp¿h¿Wy-ØneqsS IS-∂p-t]m-bn-´√ ChnsS PmXn hyhÿ hf¿∂p-h-∂Xv F∂mWv C Fw Fkv Cu Ncn-{X-hn-Im-ksØ hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂-Xv. "F¶nepw Bcym-h¿X-Øn-se-∂-t]mse Chn-sSbpw PmXnk-{º-Zmbw hf¿∂p-h-cm≥ hf-°q-dp≈ aÆp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

NmXp¿h¿Wyw hnI-kn-®p-sIm-≠-√m-sXbmsW-¶n-epw, PmXnIfpw D]-Pm-Xn-Ifpw Chn-sSbpw hf¿∂p-h-∂p. h¿K-hn-`-P-\Øns‚ Chn-SsØ cq]w NmXp¿h¿Wy-Øn-eq-sS-b-√msX hf¿∂p-h∂ PmXn hyXym-k-Øn-s‚-cq-]-Øn-em-sW-∂¿∞w.

AXv hf¿∂p-h∂ - s - X-ßs - \-bm-W∂ - X - n\v hnizm-ky-amb sXfnhp-I-fn-√.'' ˛C Fw Fkv \ºq-Xn-cn-∏mSv, tIcfNcn{Xw am¿IvknÃv ho£-W-Øn¬, ]pdw 32 kwL-Ime km-aq-ln-I-L-S-\-bpsS ssiYn-ey-Øn\v tijw Bcym-[n-]Xyw IpSp-X¬ i‡n-s∏-´p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. HºXmw \q‰m≠p-ap-X¬ 19˛mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ {]mcw-`-w hsc Cu Bcym-[n-]Xyw henb Ae-´n-√msX \ne-\n-∂p. h¿W-hn-`-P-\hpw A\m-Nm-c-ßfpw A‘-hn-izm-k-ßfpw D®-ÿm-bn-bn-embn. \mSp-hm-gn-Ifpw `p{]-`p°-∑m-cp-sa√mw Cu h¿W-ta-[m-hn-I-fpsS CS-bn¬ \n-∂m-b-Xn-\m{_m“-W¿, £{Xn-b¿, \mb-∑m¿ F∂o kh¿W-hn-`m-KØnse F√m-h¿°pw {]tXy-Im-[n-Im-c-ß-fmWv kaq-l-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂Xv. PmXn hnth-N\ambn-cp∂p kmaq-lnI _‘-ß-fpsSbpw kmºØnI LS-\-bpsSbpw am\-Z-fiw. AXv Gdn-s°m-≠n-cp-∂-X-√msX am‰-Øns‚ Imlfw Fhn-sSbpw Db¿∂n-cp-∂n-√. IogvPm-Xn-°m-cpsS

ss\-an-im-c-Wyw--

kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws

17

ta¬ ssIh-cn® B[n-]Xyw Bkz-Zn®, Ae-k-Po-hnXw \bn® kh¿W-hn-`m-K-am-bn-cp∂p A°m-eØv tIc-f-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. IogvPm-Xn-°m-c\v kzmX{¥y \ntj[w am{X-am-bn-cp∂p Fhn-sS-bpw.

PmXn-Iƒ D]-Pm-Xn-I-fmbn ]ncn-bp-Ibpw Cu Hmtcm hn`m-K-Øn\pw Ah-ch - c - p-tS-Xmb BNm-c\ - njvTI - ƒ DS-se-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. \mSphm-gn-Iƒ°v ]uc-∑m-cpsS CS-bn¬ kºq¿Wm-[n-Im-c-am-bn-cp-∂p.

Cu A[n-Imcw Bhiywt]msebpw Xm¥-ß-fpsS CjvS-Øn-\p-kcn®pw h\n-tbm-Kn-°m-\p≈ Ah-Imiw Imcy-ÿ-h¿K-Øn\v \evIpIbpw sNbvXp. AXn-\m¬ \mSp-hm-gn-Iƒ A-dn-bmsX Xs∂ XmWPm-Xn-°m-cpsS ta¬ CjvSm-\p-k-cWw F¥-[n-Im-chpw {]tbm-Kn°m≥ kh¿W¿°v km[n-®n-cp-∂p. CXv tNmZyw sNøm≥]m-Sn-s√∂v am{X-a-√, tNmZyw sNøp-∂Xv Xs∂ in£bv°v Imc-W-am-bn. bqtdm-]y-∑m¿ tIc-f-Øn¬ Imse-Sp-Øp-h-®-ti-jhpw CXnhenb am‰-ap-≠m-bn-s√∂v am{X-a√ ]pXnb cq]-Øn¬ i‡n-{]m]n-°m\pw XpS-ßn. A[n-Im-c-ÿm-\-Øp≈ \m´p-cm-Pm-°-∑m¿°p ]-Icw kh¿W- hn-`m-K-߃ bqtdm-]y≥ i-‡n-Isf {]Xn-jvTn-®p.

A[n-Im-c-tØmSv H´n -\nevIp-I- F-∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p kh¿W-cpsS coXn. Htc-ka - bw bqtdm-]y≥ i-‡n-If - p-sSbpw \mSp-hm-gn-If - p-sSbpw CjvStXm-g-∑m-cmbn kh¿W¿°v XpS-cm≥ Ign-™-t∏mƒ XmW-Pm-Xn°m-cpsS Ah-ÿ-bn¬ am‰-sam∂pw kw`-hn-®n-√. Ah-cpsS ÿnXn IqSp-X¬ Zb-\o-b-am-bn-s°m-≠n-cp-∂p. kaq-l-Øn¬ tNmZyw sNøs∏-SmØ A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i߃ \ne-\n¿Øm≥ kh¿W-ta-[m-hnIƒ°m-bn. \mSp-hmgnItfmSpw ]nevIm-eØv bqtdm-]y∑mcmb `cWm-[n-Im-cn-I-tfmSpw am{Xta Cu kh¿W-hn-`mKw GsX-¶nepw hn[-Øn-ep≈ hnt[-bXzw ImWn-t°-≠n-h∂ - n-´p-≈q. Ah-tcmSv F{Xam{Xw hnt[-b-cm-hm≥ km[n-®pthm A{X-ta¬ Iogm-f-hn-`m-K-Øn\v ta¬ k¿hm-[n-Imcw ÿm]n-°m≥ kh¿W¿°v km[n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. 16, 17 \q‰m-≠p-I-fn¬ \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂ kmaq-ln-I ÿnXn-bpsS Nn{Xw F {io[-c-ta-t\m≥ hnh-cn-°p-∂Xv Cß-s\-bmWv: "{_m“-W¿, £{Xn-b¿, \mb-∑m¿ XpS-ßnb kh¿W lnμp°ƒ°v hnti-jm-[n-Im-c-ß-tfm-Sp-Iq-Snb ]Z-hn-bm-Wp-≠m-bncp-∂-Xv. PmXn-]-c-amb BNm-c-߃ hn´p-ho-gvN-bn-√msX ]men-

- fpws 18 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

°m≥ IS-s∏-´-h-cm-bn-cp∂p Ah¿. Cu BNm-c-߃ ewLn°p-∂-hsc \mSp-hm-gn-bpsS B⁄-{]-Imcw PmXn-{`jvSv Iev]n®v apkveow-Iƒt°m {InkvXym-\n-Iƒt°m hnevIp-Ibm-bncp∂p ]Xn-hv. Aß-s\-bp-≈-h-cpsS _‘p-°ƒ Nnet∏mƒ \mSp- h m- g n- b psS A{]o- X nbn¬\n∂v c£- s ∏- S m≥ Ahsc cl-ky-ambn sIm√m-dp-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. .....-{_m-“-W-cpambn ASp-Øn-S-s]-´n-cp-∂-Xp-sIm≠v \mb-∑m¿°p kap-Zm-bØn¬ Db¿∂ ÿm\-amWv D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. Ah¿ PmXn-]-camb BNm-c-߃ I¿i-\ambn ]men-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. sXm´p-Iq-Sm-bva F∂ A‘m-Nmcw I¿i-\-ambn ]pe¿Øp∂-h-cm-bn-cp∂p \ºq-Xn-cn-am¿, £{Xn-b-∑m¿, \mb-∑m¿ XpSßn-b-h¿..........sXmSo¬ IqSmsX Xo≠epw I≠p-Iq-Sm-bvabpw _o`-’-cq-]-Øn¬ A∂p \ne-\n-∂n-cp-∂p. \mbm-Sntbm ]pebt\m \ºq-Xn-cnsb ImWm-\n-S-bm-bm¬ \ºq-Xn-cn°v AbnØ-am-bn. ]pe-b≥ \mb-cn¬\n∂v Adp-]-XSn AIse \n¬°W-sa-∂m-bn-cp∂p N´w. \mb¿ {]-am-Wn-am¿ s]mXp-\n-c-ØneqsS k©-cn-°p-tºmƒ, Hcp XmW-Pm-Xn-°m-c≥ bmZr-—n-Iam-sb-¶nepw Xo≠m-∏m-Sn-\-∏pdw h∂v Aip-≤-am-°p-∂Xv XSbm≥th≠n Ah-cpsS hmey-°m¿ "t]m, t]m' F∂v B´ns°m≠p aptº \S-°pw. \mb-∑m¿°pw a‰pb¿∂ PmXn°m¿°pw hgn-am-dn-s°m-Sp-°mØ XmW-Pm-Xn-°m-c≥ \nb-ak-am-[m-\-]m-e-I-cpsS au\-k-Ω-X-tØmsS h[n-°-s∏-Spw.' tIcf Ncn-{Xw, ]pdw 265 tIc-f-Ønse A°m-esØ PmXn-L-S-\sb \mb¿ hnh-cn-°p-∂Xv Cß-s\-bmWv:

tUm. Fw Fkv

"kh¿W¿, Ah¿W¿ F∂n-ßs\ {][m-\-ambpw c≠p-X-c-Ønkaqlw hn`-Pn-°-s∏-´p. {_m“-W¿, £{Xn-b≥, sshiy¿, iq{Z¿ F∂n-h¿ kh¿W-hn-`m-K-Ønepw Cug-h≥, Ac-b≥, ]pe-b≥, ]db≥, D≈-S≥, \mbmSn XpS-ßn-b-h¿ Ah¿W hn`m-K-Ønepw Dƒs∏-Sp-∂p. tIc-f-Øn¬ £{Xn-b≥, sshiy¿, iq{Z≥ F∂n-ßs\-bp≈ IrXy-amb Xcw-Xn-cnhv Akm-[y-am-sW-¶nepw \mb-∑m¿ iq{Z-cmbn IW-°m-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. Cu iq{Z-cn¬\n-∂mWv cmPm-°∑msc Db¿Øn-s°m-≠p-h-∂-Xv. PmXn-t{i-Wn-bn¬ G‰hpw {]m_eyhpw {]map-Jyhpw {_m“-W¿°m-bn-cp-∂p. Ah¿°p-]n-∂mse

ss\-an-im-c-Wyw--

kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws

19

{]apJ ]Zhn A\p-`-hn®Xv \mb-∑m-cm-bn-cp-∂p. bmZ-h≥, Cugh≥(-Xo-ø≥), ap°p-h≥, Bim-cn, sIm√≥ XpS-ßn-b-h¿ \mb-∑m¿°p-Xm-sg-bm-Wv. hÆm≥, ]mW¿, ae-b≥, ]d-b≥ XpS-ßn-bh¿ A[x-Ir-X-cmbn IW-°m-°-s∏-´p.

Htcm PmXn-°m-c\pw Ahs‚ ta¬Pm-Xn-°m-c-\n¬\n∂v \n¿Zn-jvSZqcw amdn- \ n¬°m≥ Abn- Ø m- N - c - W - Ø n¬ hyh- ÿ - b p- ≠ v . kh¿W-cn¬Xs∂ {_m“-W\pw \mbcpw XΩn¬ Abn-Ø-ap-≠v. \mb¿, {_m“-W-\n¬\n∂v ]Xn-\m-dSn Zqsc \nevI-Ww. Cug-h≥ ap∏-Ø-c-≠-Snbpw ]pe-b¿ Adp-]-Øn-\m-e-Snbp amdn-\n-evI-Ww. CtX-t]mse Cug-h¿ \mb-cn¬\n∂v ]Xn-\m-dSn Zqsc \nevI-Ww. ]pe-b≥ ap∏-Øn-c-≠Sn Zqsc \nevI-Ww. Hmtcm {]tZ-i-Øn-\-\pk-cn®v CØcw AI-e-Øn¬ hyXnbm-\-ap-≠v. Cßs\ ASp-°m≥ ]mSn-√mØ PmXn-Iƒ ASp-°p-∂-Xns\ Xo≠m-SpI F∂m-Wp-]-dbp-∂-Xv. sXmSm≥ ]mSn-√m-Ø-h¿ sXm´m¬ AXnse ta¬Pm-Xn°m-c≥ Aip-≤-am-Ipw. CØcw Aip-≤sØ sXmSo¬ F∂p-]-dbp-∂p. F{X-Zq-c-Øm-bmepw ZrjvSn-bn¬t]mepw s]Sm≥]m-Sn-√mØ PmXn-°m-cp-≠v. Aßs\ ZrjvSn-bn¬s]-´m-epw Aip-≤-ap-≠m-Ip∂p. D≈m-S\pw {_m“-W\pw XΩn¬ ImW-cp-sX-∂mWp hyhÿ. CØ-c-Øn¬ Aip-≤-ap-≠m-bm¬ Ipfn®p ip≤-am-Ipw. Aip≤-amb Hcmƒ kzPm-Xn-°-mcs\ sXm´m¬ Ah\pw Aip-≤-am-Ipw. CXns\ "Iq´n-sXm-So¬' F∂p ]d-bp-∂p. Xo≠-s∏-´-bmƒ Ipfn®pip-≤-amImsX ho´n¬h-∂m¬ hoSpw Aip-≤-am-Ipw.' (hm-Kv`-Sm-\-μ\pw kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw, ]pdw 3) Cu ÿnXn-bn¬ henbam‰-sam∂pw s]mSp-∂s\ D≠m-bn-√. ^yqU-en-k-Øns‚ ASn-Ø-d-bn¬ ÿm]n-°-s∏´ {_n´ojv B[n]Xyw kmaqly-km-l-N-cy-Øn¬ Hcp-am-‰-Øn\pw ap≥ssI FSp-Øncp-∂n-s√-∂-XmWv bmYm¿Yyw. A°m-esØ PmXn-ssh-Pm-Xy-߃ \ne-\n¿Øp-∂Xv {_n´o-jv, \mSp-hmgn `c-W-߃°v Bh-iy-hp-ambn-cp-∂p. ]Xn-s\´mw \q‰m-≠nepw ]sØm-ºXmw \q‰m-≠ns‚ BZy]-Ip-Xn-bnepw `qX-Im-e-km-l-N-cy-ß-fn¬\n∂p≈ henb am‰-Øn\v tIcfw km£n-bm-bn-√. kmaq-lnI kzmX{¥yw ASn-bm-f-hn-`m-KØn\v A\y-am-bn-cp-∂p. \oXn kh¿W-\nepw `q{]-`p-°-∑mcnepw am{X-am-bn. \oXn-\n-tj-[-Øns‚ Cc-I-fmbn Ah¿W≥ Ign-™pt]m-tc-≠n-h-∂p. CXn\v cq£-X-tb-dp-I-am-{Xta sNbvXp-≈q.

- fpws 20 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

A°m-eØv ae-_m-dns‚ `cWw GXm≠v ]q¿W-ambpw {_o´ojp-Im-cpsS \nb-{¥-W-Øn-em-bn-°-gn-™n-cp-∂p. sIm®n-bnepw Xncphn-Xmw-Iq-dnepw cmP-`-cWw \ne-\n-∂n-cp-∂Xn-\m¬ kh¿W-cpsS B[n-]-Xy-Øn\v H´pw Ipd-hp-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. {_o´ojv CuÃn-¥ymI-º-\n-bp-sS Iogn-emb ae-_m-dnepw ÿnXn H´pw `n∂-am-bn-cp-∂n√. {_n´o-jp-Im¿ Ah-cpsS Bh-iy-Øn\v DXIpw hn[w Cw•ojv hnZym`ymkw {]N-cn-∏n-°m≥ XpS-ßn-bn-cp-s∂-¶nepw AsXmcp kmaq-lnI-hn-πh - Ø - n\v DX-Ip-∂c - o-Xn-bn-te°v hf¿∂n-cp-∂n-√. ImcWw, BZyIm-e-L-´-ß-fn¬ Cw•ojv hnZym-`ymkw t\Sp-∂-hcpsS at\m-`mhw ]q¿W-ambpw {_o´ojv A[o-i-XzsØ AwKo-I-cn-°pI F∂-Xm-bncp-∂p. ]Xn-s\´mw \q‰m-≠nepw ]sØm-ºXmw \q‰m-≠ns‚ BZy-]-IpXn-bnepw tIc-f-Øn¬ \ne-\n-∂n-cp∂ kmaq-lym-h-ÿsb {io[-ctat\m≥ Nq≠n-°m-Wn-°p-∂Xv Cß-s\-bmWv: "kmaq-ln-I-amb kzmX-{¥y-Øn-s‚tbm ka-Xz-Øn-s‚tbm XXz-Øn¬ A[n-jvTn-X-am-bn-cp-∂n√ A∂sØ tIc-fob kapZm-bw. AXn-cq-£-amb PmXn-hy-Xym-k-am-bn-cp∂p kap-Zm-bL-S-\-bpsS apJy-k-hn-ti-j-X. Db¿∂ PmXn-°m¿°pw XmW PmXn- ° m¿°p- a n- S bv ° v Bg- t a- d nb Hcp InSßv Ahsc th¿Xncn-°m-\p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn-sebpw sIm®nbn-sebpw cmPm-°-∑m-cpsS ssII-fn¬ A[n-Imcw tI{μo-Icn-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw Cw•ojv CuÃn¥ym Iº\n ae-_m-dn`cWw t\cn-t´-s‰-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-s∂-¶nepw {_m“W¿, £{Xn-b¿, \mb-∑m¿ XpS-ßnb Db¿∂ PmXn-°m-cpsS hnti-jm-h-Im-i-߃°pw B\p-Iq-ey-߃°pw Ipd-thXpw kw`-hn-®n-cp-∂n-√. Ah-cm-bn-cp∂p `qhp-S-a-Iƒ. {][m-\-ambpw am∏n-f-am¿, Cug-h¿ XpS-ßnb kap-Zm-b-°m-cpƒs∏´ IpSnbm≥ h¿KsØ Ah¿ Cjv S w t]mse a¿±n- ® p- t ]m- ∂ p. bYm¿∞-Øn¬ {_n´ojv `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-fpsS Iogn¬ {]`p°-∑mcpw P∑n-amcpw ]q¿Δm-[nIw i‡n-{]m-]n-°p-I-bm-Wp≠m-b-Xv. {_n´o-jp-Im¿°v kz¥w A[n-Imcw \ne-\n¿Øm≥ Ah-cpsS kPo-h-amb ]n¥p-Wbpw kl-I-c-Whpw Bh-iyam-bn-cp-∂p.

ss\-an-im-c-Wyw--

kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws

21

A∂sØ \nbaw ka-hym-]-I-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. Db¿∂ PmXn°m¿ `q\n-Ip-Xn-bn¬\n∂v Hgn-hm-°-s∏-´n-cp-∂p. h[-in£ {_m“-W¿°p _m[-Ita Bbn-cp-∂n-√. Kuc-hm-l-amb hyhlm-c-ß-fn¬ hn[n Iev]n-°pI sshZn-I-∑m-cpsS hnti-jm-[nIm-c-am-bn-cp-∂p. XmW-Pm-Xn-°msc kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw Atß- b ‰w ITn- \ - a m- b n- c p∂p in£m- \ n- b - a w. tamj- W w, tKmh[w XpS-ßnb km[m-cW Ip‰-߃°p-t]mepw h[-in£-bm-bn-cp∂p hn[n-®n-cp-∂-Xv. B\-sb-s°m≠p sIm√n-°pI-, ]oc¶n hmbn¬sI´n \nd-sbm-gn-°p-I, aq∂p Znhkw sIm≠p acn-°-Ø°-hn[w Nn{X-h[w sNøp-I apX-em-bh in£-bpsS km[m-cW cq]-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p. cmP-Io-tbm-tZymK-ÿ-∑m¿ G‰hpw a\p-jyXz lo\-hpw \oN-hp-am-bn-´mWv ]nt∂m° kap-Zm-b-°m-tcmSv s]cp-am-dn-b-Xv.' ˛tIcf Ncn{Xw, ]pdw 370-˛371

amdp∂ ioe-߃ F∂m¬, 19˛mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ c≠mw]Ip-Xn-bnepw 20˛mw \q‰m≠ns‚ BZy-]-Ip-Xn-bnepw tIc-f-Øn¬ ]pXn-sbmcp kmaq-ly-{Iaw DS-se-Sp-Øp. CXn-\p≈ Imc-Wß - ƒ \nc-h[ - n-bm-Wv. kmº-Øn-Im[nIm-c-߃ ]pXnb Xe-ß-fn-te°v tI{μo-I-cn-°-s∏-´p. kmwkvIm-cnI-L-S-\-bn¬ am‰w h∂p. kmaq-ly-k-Ω¿Z-߃ Gdn-Øp-S-ßn. 19˛mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ XpS-°-Øn¬Xs∂ ]gb k{ºZm-b-ß-fpsS inYn-eoI- c Ww sNdnb tXmXn¬ Bcw- ` n- ® n- c p- ∂ p. F∂m¬, AXn\v th≠{X i‡n-kw-`-cn-°m≥ km[n-®n-cp-∂n-√. GsXm-cp-km-aq-lyhyh-ÿ-bv°pw kw`-hn-°m-hp∂ Imem-\p-kr-X-amb am‰-sa-∂-Xnep-]-cn-bmbn kwL-Sn-Xhpw Bkq-{Xn-X-hp-amb Hcp _mly-k-Ω¿Zw Cu ]cn-h¿Ø-\-߃°v ]n∂n-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-s√-∂mWv hy‡-amIp-∂-Xv. F¶nepw hcm-\n-cn-°p∂ Hcp henb am‰-Øn\v CS-sbm-cp°p∂ Ne\--߃ A°m-eØv H‰-s∏´ \ne-bn-se-¶nepap≠m-bncp∂p. \mSp-hmgn `q{]-`p-Xz-Øn\pw kh¿W-ta-[m-hn-Xz-Øn\pw CSnhv X´p-∂-XmWv ]n∂oSv tIcfw I≠-Xv. \mSp-hm-gnØ BNm-c-k-{ºZm-b-ß-fn¬ s]mfn-s®-gp-Øn\p≈ {]mY-anI \S-]-Sn-Iƒ Nne-Sn-bß-fn-se-¶nepw XpS-ßn-bn-cp-∂p.

- fpws 22 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

ssakq- c ns‚ B{I- a Ww ae- _ m- d nse kmaq- l y- { I- a sØ XI¿Øpsh∂v thWw ]d-bm≥. sIm®n-bnepw Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dnepw am¿Øm--fi-h¿a-bp-sSbpw i‡≥X-ºp-cm-s‚bpw `c-W-]-cn-jvIm-cßfpw tI{μo-IrX \bßfpw sX°≥tI-c-f-Ønepw Ne-\-߃ krjvSn-®p. ]e -B-Nm-c-{I-a-ßfpw \nt»jw C√m-Xm-bn. \mSp-hm-gnØ-Xn\pw `q{]-`p-Xz-Øn\pw kh¿W-hn-`m-K-Øn\pw kaq-l-Ønapºp-≠mb kzm[o\w \ne-\n¿Øn-s°m-≠p-t]m-hpI ISpØ sh√phn-fn-bm-bn-Øo¿∂p. hnZy-`ymkw htc-Wy-h¿K-Øn¬am{Xw HXpßn-\n∂ ]gb Ah-ÿ-bn¬ am‰w h∂p-Xp-S-ßn. hnZym-k-º-∂cmb ]pXnb Xe-apd am‰-Øn\v th≠n {]b-Xv\n-®p. temIØns‚bpw C¥y-bpsS CX-c` - m-Kß - f - n-epw \S-°p∂ am‰-ßfpw kw`h- hn-Im-k-ßfpw tIc-f-Ønepw Aev]m-e-ambn tI´p-Xp-S-ßn.

AXns‚ A\p-c-W-\-߃ kmaq-ly-afi-e-Ønepw {]Xn-^-en-®p. \ho-\t- I-cf - Ø - ns‚ krjvSn°v `{Z-amb ASn-Ød - s - bm-cp-°p-∂X - mbn Cu BZy-Ime apt∂-‰-߃. Aßs\ \thm-∞m\ apt∂-‰-Ønte°pw AXp-hgn ]pXn-sbmcp kmaq-ly-{I-a-Øn-te°pw tIcfw \S-∂-Sp-Øp.

v\thm-∞m\w \msº-Sp-°p∂p kmaq-ln-Im-‘X hI-™p-am-‰m-\p≈ auen-Ia - mb CS-s]-Se - p-Iƒ 19, 20 \q‰m-≠p-I-fnse tIc-fØn¬ krjvSn-®Xv henb {]I-º\w Xs∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p. c≠v coXn-bn-em-bn-cp∂p CSs]-S-ep-Iƒ. H∂v, hym]-I-amb t_m[-h-XvI-c-Ww. c≠v, i‡-amb {]t£m-`w. temIØns‚bpw C¥y-bp-sSbpw hnhn[ `mK-ß-fn¬ \S∂ \-thm-∞m\ apt∂‰Øn¬ Bth-iw- Dƒs°m-≈m≥ A∂v tIc-f-Øntebpw t\Xm-°ƒ°v km[n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. Ah-cpsS FÆw hfsc Npcp°-ta-bp-≠m-bp-≈q-sh-¶nepw kaq-l-Øn¬ ImX-emb am‰-߃°v Xncn-sIm-fp-Øm≥ km[n-®X - m-bn-cp∂p CS-s]-Se - p-Iƒ. {_n´ojv hnZym`ym-k-Øns‚ kzm[o-\w, {InkvXy≥ an-j-\-dn-am-cpsS {]h¿Ø-\w, XmW-Pm-Xn-°m¿ kwL-Sn-X-ambn {InkvXp-a-X-Øn-te°v \S-Ønb ]c-nh¿Ø-\-߃ F∂n-h-sb√mw kmaq-ln-I-am-‰-Øns‚ BZy-[mc-I-fn¬ \n¿Wm-bI ÿm\w hln-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. {_o´ojv `cWw Gsd-°psd C¥y-sbm-´p-°p-am-b-t∏mƒ \S-∏m-°nb `c-W-]-cn-jvImc- ß fpw Hc- f - t hmfw am‰- Ø ns‚ ASn- Ø - d - b n- S p- ∂ - X m- b n- c p- ∂ p.

ss\-an-im-c-Wyw--

kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws

23

F∂m¬, A[n-Imcw \ne-\n¿Øp-∂-Xn-\m-h-iy-amb coXn-bn¬am{Xw kmaq-ln-I-L-S\ am‰p∂Xn-em-bn-cp∂p {_n´ojv A[n-Im-cn-I-fpsS Xmev]-cyw. CsXm-cp-Xcw kzm¿Y-Xm-ev]cyw Xs∂-bp-am-bn-cp-∂p.

F¶nepw {_n´o-jp-Im-cs‚ kzm¿Y ho£-W-Øn-\-∏p-d-tØ°v Imcy߃ ImWm≥ C¥y-bnsebpw tIc-f-Øn-sebpw kmaq-lnI ]cnjvI¿Øm-°ƒ°v Ign-™p.

CXc \m´p-cm-Py-߃ am‰-Øns‚ hgn-bneqsS k©-cn-°p-tºmƒ Zo¿L-Imew ]nt∂m-´p-\S- ° - m≥ Ign-bn-s√∂v Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn-sebpw sIm®n-bn-sebpw cmP-`-c-W-Iq-S-߃°pw t_m[y-s∏-´Xv A°m-eØm-bn-cp-∂p. ae_m-dnepw sIm®n-bnepw Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dnepw ASnaØ k{º-Zmbw \ntcm-[n-®p-sIm-≠p≈ Iev]-\-I-fm-bn-cp∂p Cu ]cn-h¿Ø-\-ßfpsS {]Xy-£-Øn-ep≈ XpS-°w. ]pXn-sbmcp kmaqly-{Iaw Db¿∂p-h-cp-∂-Xns‚ ASn-Ø-dbpw CXp-X-s∂-bm-sW∂v ]d-bmw. aX-]-cn-h¿Ø\w \S-Øn-°p-∂-Xn¬ {InkvXy≥ anj-\-dnam-cpsS ]¶v Cu L´-Øn¬ {it≤-b-amb H∂m-Wv. lnμp-a-X-ØnA¥¿eo-\-am-bn-cp∂ A\m-Nm-c-ß-sfbpw tZmj-ß-sfbpw Db¿Øn°m-´p-Ibpw kmaq-lnI ]cn-jvIm-c-߃°v kml-N-cy-sam-cp-°p∂ {]Nm-cWw \S-Øp-I-bp-am-bn-cp∂p anj-W-dn-am¿. lnμp- a-X-hn-izmkn-I-fmbn XpS-cp-∂n-S-tØmfw kmaq-ln-Im-h-i-X-Iƒ hn´p-am-dn-s√∂v a\- n-em-°nb XmW-Pm-Xn-°m¿, ]pXnb tamN-\-km-[y-X-Iƒ tXSn {InkvXp-a-XØn-te°v ]cn-h¿Ø\w \S-Øp∂ ÿnXn-bp-≠m-bXv Cu kml-N-cy-Øn-em-Wv. \oXn-\ymb kwhn-[m-\ß - ƒ - ]m›m-Xy-am-Xr-Ib - n-te°v amdp-Ibpw \oXn-bpsS B\q-Iqeyw IogvPm-Xn-°m¿°pIqSn e`n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ kml-Ncyw {ItaW cq]-s∏-´p. Iogm-fs‚ ta¬ ASn-t®ev]n-®n-cp∂ ]e \nIp-Xn-Ifpw ]n≥h-en-°m≥ A[n-Im-cn-Iƒ Xømdm-bn. P∑n-Ip-Sn-bm≥ _‘-ß-fn¬ h∂ t\cnb am‰-߃ kmºØn-Im-k-¥p-en-Xm-h-ÿ-bn¬ am‰w hcp-∂-Xns‚ kqN-I-ß-fm-bn.

B`-c-W-ßfpw hkv{X-ßfpw [cn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ Ah-Imiwt]mepw \ntj-[n-°-s∏-´n-cp∂ P\-hn-`m-K-Øn¬ \nb-a-hy-h-ÿ-bnse am‰ß-fn-eqsS Nne t\cnb Ah-Im-i-߃ ssIh-∂pXp-S-ßn. hkv{Xw [cn-°m-\p≈ kzmX{¥yw IogvPm-Xn-°m¿°p-IqSn A\p-h-Zn-®p-In´nbXv CØ-c-Øn¬ henb Ne\w krjvSn® kw`-h-ß-fn-sem-∂mbn-cp-∂p. i‡-amb {]t£m-`-ß-fm-bn-cp∂p CXn-te-s°√mw \bn-

- fpws 24 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

®-Xv. AtX-ka - bw Cu {]t£m-`ß - ƒ hen-bt- Xm-Xn-ep≈ kwL¿jß-ƒ°pw CS-\-evIn. kh¿W¿ A[n-Im-c]-Zhn D]-tbm-K-s∏-SpØn IogvPm-Xn-°m¿°p-t\sc hym]-I-amb a¿-±\-ap-d-Iƒ kzoI-cn®p.

CØcw {]t£m-`-ß-fn¬ {][m\s∏´Xpw BZyK-W-Øn¬h-cp∂Xpw 19˛mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ a[y-Øn¬ sX°≥ Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dnse Nm∂m¿ kap-Zm-bw \S-Ønb "ta¬ap≠v ka-cw' B-bn-cp-∂p. kh¿W-ln-μp-°sft∏mse ta¬ap≠v [cn-°m-\p≈ Ah-Imiw A∂v a‰v PmXn-I-fnse kv{XoIƒ°p-≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. ap´n\v Xmsg ap≠p-Sp-Ømepw ta¬ap-≠p-[-cn-®mepw IogvPm-Xn-°m-cmb kv{XoIƒ t\cn-tS-≠n-h∂ A[n-t£]w hep-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. "ap≠pw dhp-°bpw tXm¿Øpw Hcp-Im-eØv Cug-Øn-Iƒ°p ]mSn- √ m- b n- c p- ∂ p. ap´n- \ p- I osg- Ø mØ apt≠ DSp- ° m≥ ]mSp≠mbn-cp-∂p-≈q. ap´n\pIogv \nevIp∂ DSp-ap-≠n\v A®n∏p-Sh F∂m-bn-cp∂p t]cv. A®n-∏p-Sh A®n-Iƒ°p (\mb¿kv{Xo-Iƒ) am{Xw Ah-Im-i-s∏-´-Xm-Wv. ta¬ap≠v a‰pkv{Xo-Iƒ°v ]mSn-√. amdp-a-d-bmsX Xs∂ InS-°-Ww. Hcp CugØn ap´n-\p-Io-gv\n-evIp∂ ap≠p-ap-SØ - p-t]m-Ip-∂Xp I≠v Acn-iw-]q≠ \mb-∑m¿ Ah-sf-s°m≠v ap≠-gn-∏n-®-XnBdm-´p-]pg them-bp-[-∏-Wn-°¿ Hcp henb elf Xs∂ \S-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.' ˛Po-hnXka-cw, kn tIi-h≥, ]pdw 71 Cßs\ ta¬ap≠v [cn-°m-\p≈ Ah-Imiw \ntj-[n-°p-∂-Xns\-Xnsc \mSns‚ ]e-`m-KØpw FXn¿∏v Db¿∂p-h-∂p. {ItaW AXv ka-c-ß-fmbn cq]m-¥-c-s∏-´p. ioe-h-g-°v, ape-am-dm-∏p-h-g-°v, Nm∂m¿ elf F∂n-ßs\ ]e-t]-cp-I-fnepambn \S∂ ka-c-߃ hnPbw ImWp-Ibpw sNbvXp. sX°≥ Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dnse Nm∂m¿ kv{XoI-fpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn-em-bn-cp∂p kwL-Sn-X-amb {]t£m`w \S-∂-Xv. AXns‚ ^e-ambn Ip∏mbw [cn-°m-\p≈ Ah-Imiw Nm∂m¿ kv{XoIƒ°p-IqSn \evIn-s°m≠v A∂sØ Xncp-hn-XmwIq¿ Kh¨sa‚ v Iev]\ ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-®p-sh-¶nepw Nm∂m¿ kv{XoIƒ {]t£m-`-Øns‚ i‡n Ipd-®n-cp-∂n-√. kh¿W-kv{Xo-Isf t]mse ta¬ap≠v [ncn-®p-sIm≠v s]mXp-ÿ-e-ß-fn¬ {]Xy-£-s∏´mbncp∂p Nm∂m¿ kv{XoIƒ {]t£m-`-Øns‚ coXn am‰n-b-Xv. CXv

ss\-an-im-c-Wyw--

kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws

25

kh¿W-cp-am-bp≈ {]Xy-£-G-‰-ap-´epw Iem-]-hp-ambn Xocp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Nm∂m¿ el-f-sb∂ t]cn¬ Ncn-{X-Øn¬ CSw-t\-Snb Cu BZy-Im-e- I-em-]sØ F {io[-c-ta-t\m≥ tIc-f-N-cn-{X-Ønhnh-cn-°p-∂Xv Cß-s\-bmWv: "{InkvXp-a-X-Øn¬ tN¿∂ \mSm¿kv{XoIƒ°p Ip∏mbw [cn°m≥ A\p-hmZw \¬In-s°m-≠p≈ Hcp-Ø-c-hv, tIWa¨tdm Znhm-\m-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ Kh¨sa‚ v ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. \mSm¿ kv{XoIƒ CXp-sIm-≠pXr-]vXn-s∏-SmsX \ºq-Xncn kv{XoI-sf-t∏mse DØ-co-bh-p-aWn™v s]mXp-cw-K-ß-fn¬ {]Xy-£-s∏-´p-Xp-S-ßn. Db¿∂ PmXn-°m-cmb lnμp-°ƒ°v AXn-jvS-s∏-´n-√. Ah¿ Nm∂m¿ kv { XoIsf B{I- a n- ® p. B{I- W a- h pw {]Xym- { I- a - W hpw sX°≥Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬ KpcpX-X-c-amb \nb-a-k-am-[m-\-`RvP-\-Øn\n-S-bm-°n. Kh¨sa‚n\v ]´m-f-sØbpw t]menkn- s \bpw Abt°- ≠ n- h - ∂ p. el- f - b psS ^e- a mbn Nm∂m¿kv{Xo-Iƒ°pw amdp-ad - b - v°p-∂X - n-\p-≠mb \nb-{¥Ww \o°n-s°m≠v 1859 Pqsse 26˛mw XobXn Kh¨sa‚ v Hcp cmP-Iob hnfw-_cw {]kn-≤-s∏-Sp-Øn. amdp-a-d-bv°p∂ ImcyØn¬ Nm∂m¿ kv{XoIƒ°p- kzmX¥yw e`n-s®-¶nepw Ah¿ thj-hn-[m-\-Øn¬ Db¿∂ PmXn-°m-cmb lnμp-kv{Xo-Isf A\p-I-cn-°-cp-sX∂v hnfw-_-c-Øn¬ hne-°n-bn-cp-∂p. ]n∂oSv {_n´ojv Kh¨sa‚ns‚ \n¿tZ-i-Øn¬ Cu hne°pw ]n≥hen-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p.'

BZy-L-´-Ønse CØcw sNdnb kw`-h-߃ 20˛mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ Bcw-`-am-b-t∏m-tg°pw kmaq-lnI]cn-jvI-c-W-Øn-\p≈ henb {]ÿm-\-ß-fmbn hf¿∂p-h-∂p. {_m“-Wcpw £{Xn-bcpw Dƒs∏Sp∂ kh¿W-ln-μp-°ƒ t\Xr-Xzw-sIm-SpØ kwL-S-\-Iƒ Xs∂ ]e-bn-SØpw CXn¬ ap∂n¬ \n∂p. kzk-ap-Zm-b-sØ ]cn-jvIcn°pI F∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p CØcw kwL-S-\-Isf√mw e£y-an-´-Xv. F∂n-cp-∂mepw lnμp-°-fnse Db¿∂-Pm-Xn-I-fn¬ Xs∂ DS-seSpØ ]cn-jvI-c-W-{]-ÿm-\-߃ IogvPm-Xn-I-fnepw A\y-a-X-ÿcnepw ]cn-jvI-c-W-Øn-\v henb {]tNm-Z-\-am-bn-Øo¿∂p. A°mesØ C¥y-bpsS s]mXp-ÿnXn ]cn-tim-[n-®m¬ ]te-SØpw aX]-cn-jvI-c-W-{]-ÿm-\-߃ i‡n-bm¿Pn-®n-cp-∂-Xmbn ImWmw. cma-

- fpws 26 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

Ir-jvW-an-j≥, {_“-hn-Zym-kw-Lw, Bcy-k-amPw, k-a-Xz-k-am-Pw, Bfl-hn-Zym-kw-Lw XpS-ßnb kwL-S-\-Iƒ aX-]-cn-jvI-c-W-ØnkPo-h-amb CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ \S-Øn. PmXn-k-{º-Zm-b-Øns‚ Zqjyß-fn-√m-Xm-°p∂ \ne-bn-te°v AXv {ItaW hf¿∂p-h-∂p. tZiob-{]-ÿm-\-Øns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ ]e-bn-S-ß-fnepw A‘-hn-izmk-߃°pw A\m-Nm-c-߃°pw FXnsc \S-Ønb t]mcm-´-ßfpw kmaq-ln-tIm∂-a-\-Øn-\mbn \S-Ønb t_m[-hvX-I-c-Whpw ]cnh¿Ø-\-Øn\v C‘-\-am-bn-Øo¿∂p. Abn-tØm-®m-S-\-Øn\pw lcnP-t\m-≤m-c-W-Øn\pw {i≤-bq-∂nb {]h¿Ø-\-߃ A°m-eØv kPo-h-am-bn-cp∂p.

I\ym-Ip-amcn Pn√-bnse kzman-tXm-∏n¬ P\n® sshIp-WvT-kzman(1809-˛1851), Nmhd Ipcym-t°mkv Gen-bmkv A®≥ (1805-˛1871), Bdm-´p-]pg them-bp-[-∏-Wn-°¿ (1825-˛1874), Be-Øq¿ {_“m\μinh-tbm-Kn(1852-˛1929), N´-ºn-kzm-an-Iƒ(1855-˛1924), {io\m-cm-bW-Kpcp (1856--˛1928), tUm. Aø-Øm≥ tKm]m-e≥(1861-˛1948), Aø¶mfn (1866-˛1941), h°w A_vZpƒJm-Z¿ auehn (1873-˛1932), hmKv`Sm-\-μ-Kp-cp (1885-˛1939), ImeSn {iocm-a-Ir-jvam-ssZ-Xzm-{i-a-Ønse BK-am-\-μ-kzm-an-Iƒ(1896-˛1961), tUm. Sn ]¬∏p(1863-˛1950), Ipam-c\m-im≥(1873˛1924) XpS-ßnb-h-cpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ Db¿∂p-h∂ ]cn-jvIc - W {]ÿm-\ß - f - mbncp∂p tIc-fØ - nse kmap-lnI \thm∞m-\Ø - ns‚ ASn-ÿm\ ine. a∂-Øp-]fl - \ - m-`≥ (1877--˛1970), tZim`n-am\n Sn sI am[-h≥ (1884-˛1930), sI ]n tIi-h-ta-t\m≥(1886˛1978), sI tIf-∏≥(1889˛1971), kn tIi-h≥ (1891-˛1969), tUm. hn hn thep-°p´n Ac-b≥ (1894-˛1969), hn Sn `´-Xn-cn-∏m-Sv (1896-˛1982), F sI tKm]m-e≥ (1904˛1977), ]n IrjvW-∏n-≈(1906-˛1948), CFwFkv \ºq-Xn-cn-∏mSv (1909-˛1998) XpS-ßn-b-h-cn-eqsS Cu {]h¿Ø\-߃ \thm-∞m-\{]-ÿm-\-ßsf apt∂m-´p-\-bn-®p.

Ah¿W-cpsS D∂-a-\-Øn\pw cmP-`-c-W-Ønse \oXn \ntj-[Øn-\p-sa-Xnsc t]mcm-Snb, IogvPm-Xn-bn¬ ]nd∂ apØp-°p´n kzmanIƒ F∂ sshIp-WvT-kzm-an-I-fmWv tIc-f-Ønse BZysØ kmaqln-I-]-cn-jvI¿Øm-sh∂v ]d-bmw. Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬ kzmXnXncp\m-fns‚ `c-W-Im-eØv 1836¬ At±lw ÿm]n® "k-a-Xz-k-am-P'amWv tIc-f-Ønse BZysØ kmaq-lnIkwL-S-\. sX°≥ Xncphn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬ \S∂ ta¬ap≠v ka-c-Øns‚ {][m-\-{]-tNm-Z-\hpw sshIp-WvT-kzm-an-I-fn¬\n-∂m-bn-cp-∂p. sNdpXpw H‰-s∏-´-Xp-ambn

ss\-an-im-c-Wyw--

kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws

27

CØcw kwL-S-\-Ifpw ka-c-ß-fp-ap-≠m-sb-¶nepw N´-ºn-kzm-an-Ifp-sSbpw {io\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp-hn-s‚bpw t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ cq]w-sIm≠ ]cn-jvI-c-W-{]-ÿm-\-ß-fmWv tIc-f-Øns‚ \thm-∞m-\-ap-t∂-‰Øn¬ G‰hpw henb kzm[o-\-i-‡n-Ifmbn amdn-b-Xv. {_m“-W¿°m-[n-]-Xy-ap-≠m-bn-cp∂ kaq-l-Øn¬ \mb-∑m¿°pw Cug-h¿°pw \ymb-am-b-ÿm\w e`n-°-W-sa-∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p N´-ºnkzm-an-I-ƒ apt∂m-´p-h® hmZw. AtX-k-abw "Cug-h-in-hs\' {]Xnjv T n- ® - X n- e qsS \ne- h n- e p- ≠ m- b n- c p∂ hnizm- k - { ]- a m- W - ß sf Iogvta¬a-dn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p {io\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp. lnμp-a-X-Ønse ]utcm-ln-Xy-[m-c-W-Isf sh√-hn-fn-®p-sIm≠v ]pXp-Xmbn {]XnjvT \S-Ønb t£{X-ß-fn¬ Cughsc Xs∂ ]qPm-I¿a-߃°mbn \mcm-b-W-Kpcp \n›-bn-®p. Cug-h-c-√mØ PmXn-°m¿°pw (Cugh-tc-°mƒ XmW-h¿°pw) t£{X-ß-fn¬ {]th-i\w A\p-h-Zn®p. PmXn-ssh-Pm-Xy-ß-fn-√mØ temI-am-bn-cp∂p \mcm-b-W-Kp-cphns‚ kz]v\w. aX-\n-c-t]-£-X-bpsS D∂-X-aq-ey-ß-fn-te°v a\pjys\ ssI]n-Sn-®p-\-S-Øn-°m-\p≈ bXv\w At±lw kzb-ta-s‰-SpØp. a\p-jy-s\∂ GI-Pm-Xn-bn-te°pw GI-aX - Ø - n-te°pw kaqlw H∂mbn-\o-ßm-\p-≈-Xm-bn-cp∂p At±-l-Øns‚ Blzm-\w. Cugh¿°n-S-bnse Xmen-sI-´p-I-eym-Ww, Xnc-≠p-Ipfn XpS-ßnb A\mNm-c-ßfn√m-Xm-°m-\p≈ {]Nm-c-W-߃°pw \mcm-b-W-Kpcp XpS°-an-´p.

PmXn-t`-ZsØbpw hn{K-lm-cm-[-\sbbpw Ah-bvs°√mw \nZm\-amb imkv{X-ß-sfbpw FXn¿Øp-sIm-≠mWv {_“m-\-μ-in-htbmKn ]ptcm-K-a-\m-i-b-߃ {]N-cn-∏n-®-Xv. acp-a-°-Ømb Zmb-{Ia ]cn-jvIm-cw, hn[-hm-hn-hm-lw, kv{Xohn-Zym-`ymkw F∂nhsbbpw At±lw t{]m’m-ln-∏n-®p. hS-t°-a-e-_m-dn¬ {_“-k-am-P-Øns‚ `mK-ambpw ]n∂oSv Xs‚-Xs∂ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ Bfl-hn-Zym-kwLw ÿm]n®pw PmXn-hy-h-ÿbv°pw hn{K-lm-cm-[-\-bv°p-sa-Xn-cmbn i_vZ-ap-b¿Øp-Ibpw P\-ßsf kwL-Sn-∏n-°p-I-bp-amWv hmKv`-Sm\-μ≥ sNbvX-Xv. Abn-tØm-®m--S\- {]t£m-`-Øn¬ A{K-Km-an-bm-bn-cp∂ Aø-¶mfn ]pe-b-k-ap-Zm-b-Øns‚ kmaq-ln-tIm-∂-a-\-am-bn-cp∂p e£y-an-´Xv. ]pe-b¿s°m∏w lcn-P-\-ß-sf-°qSn kwL-Sn-∏n-®p-sIm≠v Xncphn-Xmw-Iq-dnse s]mXp-\n-c-Øp-I-fn¬ k©m-c-kzm-X{¥yw t\Sn-sb-

- fpws 28 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

Sp-°m-\p≈ sFXn-lm-kn-I-amb ka-c-߃°v Aø-¶mfn t\XrXzw hln-®p. Cu ka-cßsf hnP-b-]-Y-Øn-se-Øn-°m\pw k©m-c-kzmX{¥yw t\Sn-sb-Sp-°m\pw At±-l-Øn\v km[n-®p. kmaq-lnI ]cn-jvIc - W {]ÿm-\ß - ƒ lnμp-aØ - n¬ am{Xw HXpßn-\n-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂n-√. apkveow kap-Zm-b-Ønse kmaq-ly-]-cn-jvIc-W-Øns‚ s\Sp-\m-b-IXzw h°w A_vZpƒ JmZ¿ aue-hn-°m-bncp-∂p. Ckvem-an\v \nc-°mØ BNm-cß - ƒ Dt]-£n-°m\pw Cw•ojv hnZym- ` ymkw t\Sn- s b- S p- ° m\pw apkv e ow P\- h n- ` m- K - ß - t fmSv At±lw Blzm\w sNbvXp. AXn-\m-bp≈ {]h¿Ø-\ß - f - n-te¿s∏Sp-Ibpw sNbvXp. apkveow kap-Zm-b-]-cn-jvI-c-W-Øn¬ kp{]-[m-\]-¶p-h-ln® "Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ apkveow alm-k`' bpw "Nnd-b≥Iogv Xmeq°v apkveow kam-P' hpw h°w A_vZpƒJm-Z¿ aue-hn-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ ÿm]n-°-s∏-´-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. kpdn-bm\n ItØm-en° P\-hn-`m-K-ß-fp-sSbpw k`-bp-sSbpw B[p-\n-I-hXv-I-cWw am{X-am-bn-cp-∂n√ Nmhd Ipcym-t°mkv Genbmk®≥ sNbvX-Xv. CXn-s\m∏w A\y-a-X-ß-fnse IogvPm-Xn°m¿°p-IqSn hnZym-`ymkw e`y-am-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fnep-ta¿s∏-´p. Cw•o-jpw ae-bm-fhpw kwkvIr-Xhpw km[m-c-W-°mc\v {]m]y-am-°p-∂-Xn¬ hne-s∏´ tkh-\-߃ A®s‚ t\Xr-XzØn¬ \S-∂p. kpdn-bm\n ItØm-en-°m-k-`-bpsS hnImcn P\-dmƒ F∂ \ne-bn¬ Db¿Ø-s∏-´-t∏mƒ hnZym-`ymk cwKØv ka-{K-]ptcm-K-Xn-°p-X-Ip∂ {]h¿Ø-\-߃°v t\XrXzw sImSp-°m≥ At±l-Øn-\m-bn. "km[m-cW - h - n-Zym¿∞n-Iƒ°v \evInb Cu hnZym-`ymk kuIcyw A°m-eØv a‰p ]e hnZym-e-b-ß-fnepw AbnØw aqew {]th-i-\-an-√m-Xn-cp∂ Zfn-X¿°p-t]mepw e`n-°m≥ hnImcn P\d¬ {]tXyIw {i≤n-®n-cp-∂p. Ah¿°v hnZym-e-b-ß-fn¬ {]th-i\-Øn\v ]pdsa hkv{Xw, `£-Ww, ]pkvXIw apX-em-bh kuP-\yambn Ign-bm-hp-∂{X hnX-cWw sNøm\pw {i≤n-®n-cp∂p' F∂v Nmhd A®s\ Ipdn®v ]n tKmhn-μ-∏n≈ (tI-c-f-\-thm-∞m\w: bpKk-¥-Xn-Iƒ bpK-in-ev]n-Iƒ) tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. \thm-∞m-\-{]-ÿm-\-ß-fpsS XpS¿®-bm-bn-cp∂p kmap-Zm-bnI kwL-S-\-I-fpsS Bhn¿`m-hhpw i‡n-{]m-]n-°-epw. {io\m-cm-b-WKp-cp-hns‚ Bi-b-ß-tf-s‰-Sp-Øp-sIm≠v {io\m-cm-bW [¿a-]-cn]m-e\ tbmKhpw N´-ºn-kzm-an-I-fpsS {]h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ XpS¿®-

ss\-an-im-c-Wyw--

kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws

29

bmbn \mb¿k¿hokv skmssk-‰nbpw ÿm]n-°-s∏-´p. \mcm-bW-Kp-cp-hns‚ km∂n-[y-Øn¬X-s∂-bm-bn-cp∂p 1903 sabv 15\v FkvF≥Un]n tbmK-Øns‚ Bcw-`w. tUm. ]¬∏p, Ipam-c-\m-im≥ XpS-ßn-b-h¿ \mcm-b-W-Kpcp apt∂m-´p-h® Bi-b-߃ {]mh¿ØnI-am-°m-\p≈ I¿a-]-≤-Xn-Iƒ Gs‰-Sp-Øp. a∂-Øp-]-fl-\m-`s‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ H-cp-kwLw \mb¿ bphm-°ƒ kwL-Sn-®mWv 1914 HIvtSm-_-¿ 31\v F≥-F-kv-F- n\v cq]w-sIm-Sp-Ø-Xv. Ipdq¿ \oe-IWvT≥ \ºq-Xn-cn-∏m-Sns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ cq]w-sIm≠ "\ºq-Xncn tbmK-t£-a-k`' \ºq-Xn-cn-am¿°n-Sn-bnse ]cn-jvI-c-W-{]-h¿Ø\-߃°v Znim-t_m[w \evIpI-bp-≠mbn. ktlm-Z-c≥ Aø-∏s‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ a[y-tI-c-f-Øn¬ \S∂ apt∂-‰hpw CtX Ime-L´- Ø - n¬ Xs∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p. PmXn-hy-Xymkw C√m-Xm-°m\pw an{i-t`m-P\w {]N-cn-∏n-°m-\p-ambn 1917¬ sI Aø∏≥ ÿm]n® {]ÿm-\-amWv "ktlm-Z-ck -- w-Lw.' Cug-h¿, Acb¿, ]pe-b¿ XpS-ßnb Ah¿W-ln-μp-°ƒ°v kh¿W-cpsS k{ºZm-b-ßsf sh√p-hn-fn-°m\pw Ah¿s°m-∏-an-cp∂v `£Ww Ign°m-\p-ap≈ Ah-Im-i-t_m[w ktlm-Z-c-kw-L-Øn-eqsS Aø-∏≥ ]I¿∂p-\-evIn. Abn-tØm-®m-S\ {]t£m-`-Øn\v hy‡-amb cq]hpw kwLSnX kz`mhpw \¬Im≥ Cu BZy-Ime kmaq-ly-]-cn-jvI¿Øm-°fpsS t\Xr-Xzhpw kwLmS\ anIhpw {]Nm-c-W-ti-jnbpw sIm≠v km[n-®p. tZio-b-kzm-X{¥y ka-c-Øn-s\m∏w Abn-tØm-®m-S-\hpw tIm¨{Kkv apJy-hn-j-b-am-°n-sb-Sp-ØXv 20˛mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ BZy]m-Z-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂p. CXns‚ A\p-c-W-\-߃ tIc-f-Øn¬ \√ \n-e-bn¬X-s∂-bp-≠m-bn. tIc-f-Ønse tIm¨{K-kn¬ CS-Xp-]£m-i-b-K-Xn-°m¿°p-≠m-bn-cp∂ ta¬ss° \thm-∞m-\-ap-t∂‰sØ Gs‰-Sp-Øp-\-S-Øp-∂-Xn\v hen-sbm-c-fhv klm-b-I-c-am-bncp-∂p. ssh°w kXym-{Klw (1924-˛25), Kpcp-hm-bq¿ kXym-{Klw (1931-˛32), ]menbw kXym-{Klw (1947-˛48) F∂nh Abn-tØm-®mS\ {]-ÿm-\-Øn¬ al-ZvN-cn{Xw Xs∂ krjvSn-®p. ssh°w kXym{K-l-am-bn-cp∂p Abn-tØm-®m-S-\-Ønte°v \bn® BZysØ DPze ka-cw. ssh°w t£{X-Øn-te-°p≈ \nc-Øp-I-fn¬ Ah¿W-lnμp-°ƒ°p-IqSn k©m-c-kzm-X{¥yw A\p-h-Zn-°-W-sa-∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p {]t£m-`-Øns‚ Bhiyw. CXp-]Xv amkw XpS¿∂ kacw 1925-hnP-b-I-c-ambn ]cy-h-km-\n-°pI Xs∂ sNbvXp. t£{X-Øn-te-

- fpws 30 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

°p≈ F√m \nc-Øp-I-fnepw PmXn-hy-Xym-k-an-√msX F√m lnμp°ƒ°pw k©m-c-kzm-X{¥yw A\p-h-Zn-®p-sIm-≠m-bn-cp∂p AXv. F∂m¬ Xncp- h n- X mw- I q- d nse F√m t£{X- ß - f nepw Cu kzmX{¥yw e`n-®n-cp-∂n-√. ]n∂o-Sv Aº-e∏ - p-g, Xncp-hm¿∏v, ipNo{μw F∂n-hn-S-ß-fnepw k-am-\-co-Xn-bn-ep≈ ka-c-߃ \S-°p-I-bp-≠mbn. CXn-s‚-sb√mw ^e-ambn Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dnse F√m t£{X\nc-Øp-Ifpw PmXn-]-cn-K-W-\-Iq-SmsX F√m hn`mKw P\-߃°pambn Xpd-∂p-sIm-SpØp. sI tIf-∏-s‚bpw FsIPnbp-sSbpw t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ \S∂ Kpcphm-bq¿ kXym-{Klw tZio-b{- i-≤b - mI¿jn® H∂m-bn-cp-∂p. {]t£m`-Im-cn-Iƒ°p-t\sc AXn-i-‡-amb B{I-a-W-amWv kh¿W¿ Agn®p-hn-´-Xv. HSp-hn¬ alm-flm-Km‘n°v t]mepw ka-c-Øn¬ CS-s]tS-≠n-h-∂p. Abn-tØm-®m-S-\-Øn\pw t£{X-{]-th-i-\-Øn\pw th≠n \S∂ {]t£m-`-ß-fpsS BZy-hn-Pbambn-cp∂p t£{X-{]th-i\ hnfw-_-cw. Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ alm-cm-Pmhv {ioNn-Øn-c-Xn-cp\mƒ _me-cm-a-h¿a 1936 \hw-_¿ 12-\mWv kp{]-kn-≤n-amb t£{X{]-th-i\ hnfw-_cw {]Jym-]n-®-Xv. Ah¿W-hn-`m-K-߃°v t£{X{]-th-i\w km[y-am-°p-∂-Xn\v \S∂ {]t£m-`-Øns‚ kºq¿Whn-P-b-ambn Cu hnfw-_-csØ ImWm≥ km[n-°pw. kzmX{¥y e_vZn-tbmsS ]pXp-bp-K-Øn\v XpS-°-am-sb-¶nepw kmaq-ln-Im-\m-Nm-c-ßsf ]q¿W-ambpw XpS-®p-\o-°m≥ km[n-®n-cp∂n-√. ^yqU-en-k-Øn-s‚bpw kh¿W-ta-[m-hn-Xz-Øn-s‚bpw Xe°p-Spa am‰m-\p≈ {]Nm-c-W-ßfpw {]t£m-`-ßfpw ]n∂oSpw XpStc-≠n-h-∂p. AØ-c-Øn-sem-∂m-bn-cp∂p ]menbw kXym-{K-lw. tNμ-aw-K-eØv ]men-b-Ø-®s‚ ho´n\p apºnse s]mXp-\n-c-Øn\S-°m-\p≈ kzmX{¥yw t\Sn-sb-Sp-°p-∂-Xn\v Ah¿Wcpw Alnμp-°-fpw tN¿∂v \S-Ønb ka-c-amWv ]menbw kXym-{K-lw. 1948sIm®n t£{X-{]-th-i\w A\p-h-Zn-®-Xns\ XpS¿∂mWv ]menbw tdmUn- e qsS k©- c n- ° m≥ Ah¿W¿°pw Aln- μ p- ° ƒ°pw kzmX{¥yw e`n-®Xv. Npcp-°-Øn¬, PmXncln-X-amb kwL-Im-e-L-´-Øn¬\n∂pw PmXo-b-amb D®-\o-NXzw Ac-ßp-hmW Bcym-[n-]-XyØnte°pw ]n∂oSv - \-thm-∞m-\-Øn-t‚-Xmb ]pXn-sbm-cp-bp-K-Øn-te-°p-am-Wv tIc-fØ - ns‚ kmaq-ly-Nc - n{Xw hnI-kn-®s - X∂v ImWm≥ km[n°pw.

A[ymbw c≠v

\thm-∞m\ apt∂-‰hpw BZy-Ime ]{X-ßfpw tIc-f-Øns‚ hnIrX kmaq-lnI LS-\-bpsS A-ÿnhmcw Cf°n-sb-dn-bp∂ apt∂-‰a - m-bn-cp∂p \thm-∞m\ Ime-L´- Ø - nep≠mbXv. ]{X-˛-am-[y-a-ßfpw a‰p {]Nm-c-tWm-]-m[n-Ifpw H´pw hnI-kn°mØ A°m-eØv ]-cn-jvI-cW {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS hym]vXn P\ß-fn--se-Øn-°pI t¢i-I-c-am-bn-cp-∂p. PmXn-˛-aX ]cn-jvI-cW {]ÿm-\-ß-fn-epsSbmbn-cp∂p tIc-f-Ønse kmaqlnI \thm-∞m\-Øn-s‚bpw hnIm-kw. Hmtcm aX-ß-fnepw Hmtcm- Pm-Xn-bnepw Db¿∂p-h∂ ]cn-jvI-cW {]h¿Ø-\-߃ s]mXp-km-aq-lym-hÿsb ]pXnb Xe-Øn-te°v Db¿ØpIbm-bn-cp∂p. lnμp-a-XØn¬ {_m“- W - c nepw Ahm- ¥ - c - h n- ` m- K - ß - f nepsa∂- t ]mse ss{IkvX-h˛-apkveow hn`mK-ß-fnepw ]cn-jvI-cWw DS-se-Sp-Øp. \ºq-Xn-cn-Ip-Spw-_-ß-fn¬ ]pXnb Xe-apd am‰-ß-fpsS Im‰pƒs°m≈m-\mbn a\-I-fpsS Infn-hm-Xn-ep-Iƒ kaq-l-Øns‚ ap∂n¬ Xpd∂n-´p. Iogm-f-hn`mK-ßfn¬ Ah-Im-i-t_m-[-Øns‚ hnØv apf-®p.

PohnXcoXn, BNm-c-{I-a߃, hnizm-k-[m-c-Iƒ, hnZym`ym-kw F∂nßs\ k¿h-X-e-kv]¿in-bm-bn-cp∂p AXv. hnizm-k-ßfpw A‘-hn-izm-k-ßfpw aX-߃°-IØv HXpßn\n¬°p-∂-Xn¬\n∂v amdn s]mXp-k-aq-l-Øns‚ N¿®-I-fn¬ CSw Is≠-Øn. aX-]-cn-jvI-c-W-hpambn _‘-s∏´ Imcy-ß-fn¬ AXm-Xp-a-X-hn`m-Kß - fpsS CS-bn¬am-{X-am-bn-cp∂p N¿®-Is - f-¶nepw a‰pIm-cy-ßnPmXn-a-X-t`-Z-a-t\y-bp≈ CS-s]-S-ep-I-fm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. CØcw CSs]-S-ep-Iƒ hnhn-[-co-Xn-bn-ep≈ G‰ap´ep-Iƒ°pw CS-\¬In. Hmtcm ]pXnb Imcy-߃ Db¿∂ph∂-t∏mgpw AXv hyXykvX [mc-Iƒ XΩn-ep≈ kwL¿j-ambn cq]m-¥-c-s∏-´p.

B\p- I m- e n- I - ß fpw ]{X- a m- [ y- a - ß fpw i‡- a - √ mØ Hcp Imeambn-cp∂p \thm-∞m\ Ime-L-´w. kmaq-ln-I-]-cn-jvI-c-WØns‚ Bcw-`hpw ae-bmf ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ ]nd-hnbpw XΩn-

- fpws 32 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

ep≈ Ime-t`-Z-Øn¬\n-∂p-Xs∂ CXv hy‡-amIpw. ktμ-i-߃ {]N-cn-∏n-°m\pw temI-Øns‚ am‰w P\-ß-fn-te-s°-Øn-°m\pw {]kw-K-ßfpw Iem-]-cn-]m-Sn-Ifpw t\cn-´p≈ kμ¿i-\-ßfpw am{Xam-bn-cp∂p A∂p-≠m-bn-cp∂ am¿Kw. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ am[ya-ß-fpsS Nnd-In-te-dn-bm-bn-cp-∂n√ \thm-∞m\ {]ÿm-\-ß-fpsS hf¿®-. am{X-a√, BZyIme B\pImen-I-ß-fn¬ ]eXpw CØcw ]cn-jvI-c-W-ß-tfmSv apJw Xncn™p \n¬°p-bpw A-hsb \ninX-ambn hna¿in-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. F¶nepw {ItaW CXn¬ am‰w h∂pXpSßn. ]cn-jvI-cW {]ÿm-\-߃°v t\XrXzw sImSpØ Nne¿ AXns‚ {]Nm-c-W-Øn-\pam-{X-ambn {]tXyI B\p-Im-en-I߃ Bcw`n®p. bmYm-ÿn-Xn-Icpw ]cn-jvI-cW {]h¿Ø-Icpw XΩn-ep≈ G‰pap´ens‚ sNdp-cq]w BZy-Ime B\pImen-I-ßfn¬ ImWm≥ Ignbpw. ae-bmf ]{X-ß-fpsS Ncn-{X-am-cw-`n°p∂Xv Kp≠¿´ns‚ "cmPyk- a m- N m- c w' F∂ {]Xn- a mk ]{Xn- I - b n- e q- s S- b m- W v . P¿a≥ ss{IkvXh anj-W-dn- {]ÿm-\-amb _mk¬ anjs‚ Iogn¬ aX{]-Nm-c-W-am-bn-cp∂p CXns‚ e£yw. CXns‚ XpS¿®-bmbn \nch[n {]kn-≤o-I-c-߃ A°m-eØv Bcw`n°p-Ibp≠mbn. Ch-sbm∂pw-Xs∂ C∂pImWp∂ cq]Ønep≈ ]{Xw F∂ A¿∞-ØnF√m hnj-b-ß-sfbpw ssIImcyw sNøp-∂-h-bm-bn-cp-∂n-√. aXt_m-[-\-Øn-\-∏p-d-tØ°v HcpImgvN-∏mSv Ah-s°m∂pw C√m-bncp-∂p. AXn¬\n∂v hyXy-kvX-ambn Ah ssIImcyw sNbvXXv kmln-Xy-cN - \ - I - fmWv. CXn¬Øs∂ ]Zy-cq-]Ø - n-ep-≈h Gsdbpw `K-hXv kvXpXn-Ifpam-bn-cp∂p. "cmPy-k-am-Nmcw' XpS-ßn-b-Xn\v tij-ap≈ aq∂v Zi-I-߃ GXm≠v CtX coXn-bn¬X-s∂-bmWv ae-bmf B\p-Im-en-I-߃ hnImkw {]m]n-®-Xv. \ne-hn-ep≈ hyhÿ-bvs°m∏w Hgp-In-\S- ° - p-∂X - n¬ am{X-sam-Xpßn Ah-bpsS kmaqlnI ho£-Ww. AXp-sIm≠pXs∂ tIc-f-Øn¬ BZy-Im-e-Øp\-S∂ kmaq-lnI apt∂-‰-ß-fpsS `mK-am-Im≥ Cu B\pImen-I߃ Xøm-dm-bn-√. ka-{K-amb Hcp kmaq-lnI ]cn-jvI-cWw ChbpsS apJye-£y-ta-bm-bncp-∂n-s√∂-Xp-X-s∂-bmWv AXns‚ ImcWw. Kp≠¿´v 1847¬ "cmPy-k-am-Nmcw' XpSßp∂Xn\pw Hcp ZiIw aptº 1836emWv XncphnXmwIqdns‚ `mK-am-bn-cp∂ I\ymIpamcn

ss\-an-im-c-Wyw--

kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws

33

Pn√-bnse kzman-tXm-∏n¬ "ka-Xz-k-amPw' F∂ kwL-S\ cq]o-Icn®v sshIpWvT kzman-Iƒ Ah¿W-sc ASn-®-a¿Øp-∂-Xn-s\-Xncmb t]mcm´w Bcw-`n-®Xv. CXv Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dns\ Cf-°n-a-dn-®p. cmPmhv Akz-ÿ-\m-bn. 1837¬ kzmXn Xncp-\m-fns‚ `c-W-ImeØv sshIpWvT kzman-Isf Pbn-en-e-S-®p. sshIpWvT kzman-IfpsS {]h¿Ø-\-߃ kaq-l-Øn¬ henb Ne-\-߃ krjvSn®p.

Ncn-{X-{]-kn-≤-amb ta¬ap≠v ka-c-Ønte°v P\-ßsf {]tNm-Zn∏n-®-Xn¬ sshIp-WvT-kzm-an-Iƒ \S-Ønb {]h¿Ø-\-߃ henb ^ew sNbvXp. AhnsS \n∂pw AXn-th-K-Øn-embncp-∂n√ \thm∞m\ apt∂-‰w. ]cn-jvI-cW hmZ-߃°v i‡-amb FXn¿∏p-Iƒ Xs∂ t\cn-tS-≠n-h∂p. AXns\ AXnPo-hn-°m≥ \o≠ ]cn-{i-a߃ Bh-iy-ambncp∂p. sshIpWvT kzman-I-fn¬ XpS-ßnb ]cnjvI-cW {]ÿm\w N´ºnkzman-Ifpw {io\m-cm-bW Kpcphpw t\XrXzw \¬Inb kwL-SnX apt∂-‰-ambn hf-cp-∂-Xv ]ns∂bpw Zi-I-߃°v tij-am-bn-cp-∂p. CtXmsS am{X-amWv ]{X-ßfpw CØcw hnj-b-߃ Gs‰-Sp-°m\pw ssIImcyw sNøm\pw XpSßn-b-Xv. ]nevIm-eØv ]e ]{X-ß-fp-sSbpw Bhn¿`m-h-Øn\v ImcWw Xs∂ ]e kmaqlnI ]cn-jvI-cW {]ÿm-\-ß-fpam-bncp-∂p. XßfpsS Bi-b-߃ P\-ß-fn-se-Øn-°p-∂Xn\pw t_m[h-XvI-cn°p∂Xn\pap≈ D]m[n-sb∂ \ne-bn-em-bncp∂p kmaq-lnI ]cnj-I-cW {]ÿm-\-ß-fn¬ {]h¿Øn-®-h¿ ]{X-ßsf I≠n-cp-∂Xv. ssh°w kXym-{K-l-tØmsS CXv Iptd-°qSn hn]p-eo-IrX cq]Øn-em-bn. amkn-Im-cq-]-Ønepw hmcnIm cq]Ønepw Cd-ßnb BZyIme B\p-Im-en-I-ß-fn¬\n∂v hyXy-kvX-ambn GXm≠v Zn\-]-{Xsa∂ \ne-bn¬ ae-bmf ]{X-{]-h¿Ø\w Xs∂ hnI-kn-®Xv ssh°w kXym-{K-l-Ime-Øm-bncp∂p. tIm´-bØp\n∂pw {]kn≤o-I-cn® "{]Xn-Zn\w' Bbncp∂p ae-bm-f-Ønse BZysØ Zn\]{Xw. XpS-°-Øn¬ A[n-Im-cn-Isf {]nXn-s∏-Sp-ØpI am{Xw sNbvXncp∂ \ne-bn¬\n∂v A[n-Im-cn-Isf hna¿in-°p-I-sb∂ kml-knI-X-bn-te°v ]{X-߃ s]mXpsh {]th-in-®Xv 19˛mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ A¥y- L - ´ - Ø nem- W v . AXpw sNdpcq]Øn¬am- { Xw. F¶nepw A∂sØ kml-N-cy-Øn¬, Hcp thdn´ bm{Xm-]Yw Xnc-s™-Sp°m≥ Nne ]{X-ßsf¶nepw Xøm-dmbn F∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p G‰hpw

- fpws 34 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

henb khn-ti-j-X. F∂m¬, Ahbpw kmaq-ly-]-cn-jvIm-c-߃°v Du∂¬ sImSpØXmbncp-∂n-√. kmaq-lnI hyh-ÿ-nXnsb s]mfn®-S-°p-I-b√ cmjv{Sob kml-N-cy-ß-sfbpw A[n-Im-cn-Ifpw AhcpsS B{in-X-hr-μ-ßfpw \SØp∂ kzP-\-]-£-]m-Xhpw ]pd-ØpsIm-≠p-h-cnI F∂Xnem-bncp∂p AhbpsS {i≤. F¶nepw anj\dn {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬\n-∂v amdn- kmaq-lnI hna¿i-\-Øns‚ ]pXnb hgn-bn-eq-sS-bp≈ hen-sbmcp k©m-c-Øns‚ XpS-°-am-bncp∂p AXv.

aX-t_m-[\ - Ø - n¬\n∂v kmaq-lnI hna¿i-\Ø - n-te°v Cu t{iWn-bn¬ GXm≠v BZy-tØ-Xmbn IW-°m-°p-∂Xv sIm®n-bn¬\n∂v 1864¬ C´q∏v ssd‰-dp-sSbpw ]n sP ss]en-bpsSbpw t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ XpS-ßp-Ibpw GXm\pw amk-߃°p tijw DΩ≥ ^nen-t∏mkv ]{Xm-[n-]- ÿm\w Gs‰-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNbvX "]›n-a-Xm--cI'bmWv. 1867¬ tIm´-bØv \n∂v XpS-ßnb "kμn-jvShm-Zn', 1881¬ sIm®n-bn¬\n∂v XpS-ßnb "tIcf an{Xw' , 1884tIm´-b-Øp-\n∂v XpS-ßnb "tIcf ]{XnI' , 1886¬ Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcØp\n∂pw XpS-ßnb "ae-bmfn' , tImgn-t°mSv \n∂pw Bcw-`n® "tIcf k©mcn' XpS-ßn-bh Cu coXn-bn-ep≈ BZy-Ime {ia-ßfm-bn-cp-∂p. CXns‚sb√mw XpS¿®-bmbn 1887¬ am∂m-\-Øp-\n∂v "\{kmWn Zo]nI' bpw 1890¬ tIm´-b-Øp-\n∂v "ae-bmf at\m-cabpw ]nd-hn-sb-Sp-Øp. BZyw ]d™ ]{X-߃°pw B\p-Im-en-I߃°pw Aev]m-bp pam{X-ta-bp-≠m-bp-≈q-sh-¶n¬ Zo]n-Ibpw aebmf at\m-c-abpw ae-bmf ]{X-ß-fpsS XpS¿ hnIm-k-Øn\n¿WmbI kw`m-h\ \¬In hf¿∂p. XpS°w apX¬ {_n´ojv ta¬tIm-bvasb AwKo-I-cn-°p∂ kao-]-\-am-bn-cp∂p Zo]n-Ibpw at\m-ca - bpw kzoI-cn-®Xv. `cWm-[n-Im-cn-IfpsS Xm¬]-cy-Øn\v hncp≤-ambn {]h¿Øn°p∂Xv cmPy-t{Zm-l-am-sW∂ \ne-]mSv hsc Cu c≠v ]{X-ßfpw kzoI-cn®p. kzmX-{¥y-k-a-c-ß-fpsS BZyZibntem Ah i‡n- { ]m- ] n® L´- Ø ntem AXn- s \m∏w k©cn°m\p≈ Xmev]cyw Ch ImWn-®n-cp-∂n-√. F∂m¬, Ahi- X - b - \ p- ` - h n- ° p∂ Iogv P m- X n- ° m- c psS D∂- a - \ - Ø n\v Du∂\¬Im≥ XpS°w apX¬ Cu c≠p-]{- X-ßfpw Xøm-dm-sb∂v ImWmw. "cmP-a-μn-c-ß-fnepw a{¥n-k-Ø-a-cpsS k`Ifnepw \ym\-I¿Øm°-∑mcpsS k∂n-[m-\-Ønepw \m´n¬ \S-°p∂ A{I-aw, A\o-Xn,

ss\-an-im-c-Wyw--

kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws

35

]c-]o-U, km[p°ƒ°p≈ Bh-iy-ß-fm-Zn-bm-b-h-sb°pdn®v \nhrØn-am¿Kw hcpØm≥' th≠n-bmWv ]{Xw F∂v \{kmWn Zo]nI BZy-e-°-Øn¬Xs∂ {]kvXm-hn-®n-cp-∂p. AØ-c-samcp Xe-Ønte°v hnπ-hm-fl-I-th-K-Øn¬ Db-cm≥ ]{Xw Xøm-dm-bn-cp-∂n-√. at\m-cabmIs´ A[n-Im-c-tI-{μ-tØm-Sp≈ `‡n Iptd-°qSn ]cky-ambn {]I-Sn-∏n-®mWv ]nd-hn-sb-Sp-Ø-Xv. 1890¬ tIm´-b-Øp-\n∂v {]Xn-hmc ]{X-am-bmWv "ae-bmf at\m-c-abpsS XpS-°w. "hniz-amXm-hmb hnIvtSm-dnb N{I-h¿Øn\n Xncp-a-\- nse hninjvS cmPy`m-c-am-Ip∂ Iev]-hr-£-Øn¬ hnf-bp∂ hnhn[ ^e-ßsf A∏-gt∏mƒ Xs‚ {]P-Isf Akm-[m-cW-am[pcytØmSp IqSn Bkz-Zn∏n-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-∏m≥ Xs∂, aqeamIp∂ Xncp\mfn¬ Ah-X-cn®cpfp∂ \ΩpsS henb Xºpcm≥ Xncpa\- n-sebpw Ahn-SsØ B⁄m\phmln-bmb {]Pm-t£-ssaI X¬]-c-\mbncn-°p∂ cmacm-b¿ Znhm≥Pn Ah¿I-sfbpw' BZy-e-°-Øn¬ ae-bmf at\m-ca {]Io¿Øn°p∂p.

CØ-c-samcp ÿnXn-bn¬-\n∂v {ItaW am‰w h∂pXpS-ßnbXv 20˛mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ XpS-°-Øn-em-Wv. At∏m-tg°pw s]mXpkaq-lØn¬ cmjv{Sob hna¿i-\-߃ IqSp-X¬ i‡n-{]m-]n®p. tZiob {]ÿm-\-Øn-s‚bpw I¿jI {]ÿm-\-ßfp-sSbpw t\Xr-Xz-Øn\mSn-f-°n-bp≈ kzmX-{¥y-ap-t∂-‰-߃ i‡-am-bn. CsX-√m-am-bt∏mƒ ]{X- ß - f n¬ ]eXpw AXns‚ `mK- a m- b n- X p- S - ß p- I bpw sNbvXp. tZio-b-{]-ÿm-\-tØm-Sp≈ Cu Xm¬]-cy-Øn-s\m∏w Xs∂ kmaq-lnI ]cn-jvI-cW taJ-e-bn-te°pw Nne ]{X-߃ kPoh Xm¬]cyw {]I-Sn-∏n-°p∂ ÿnXnbpw DS-se-Sp-Øp.

Xriq-cn¬\n∂v 1906¬ Bcw`n® "tIcf Nn¥m-aWn' , Xe-t»-cnbn¬\n∂v 1907¬ aq¿t°mØv Ipam-c≥ Bcw`n®Xpw ]n∂oSv 1913kn. IrjvW≥ ]{Xm-[n-]Xyw Gs‰-Sp-ØXpamb "anX-hmZn', 1904alm-Ihn Ipam-c-\m-ims‚ ]{Xm-[n-]-Xy-Øn-em-cw`n® "hnth-tImZbw', 1911¬ aø-\m-´p-\n∂v kn hn Ip™p-cm-a≥ XpS-ßnb "tIcf IuapZn', 1915¬ Sn sI am[-h≥ sIm√-Øp-\n-∂m-cw`n® "tZim-`nam\n', 1917¬ sI Aø-∏≥ XpS-ßnb "ktlm-Z-c≥', tbmK-t£-ak`m {]h¿Ø-I-cpsS "tbmK-t£aw', "DÆn\-ºq-Xncn' sIm√-Øp\n∂v {]kn-≤-s∏SpØnbn-cp∂ "{iohm-gpw-tImSv', \mb¿ k¿hokv skmssk-‰n-bpsS B`n-ap-Jy-Øn¬ 1920¬ Bcw`n® "k¿hokv',

- fpws 36 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

1920¬ Xr»q-cn¬\n∂v Ipdq¿ \oe-I-WvT≥ \ºq-Xn-cn-∏mSv Bcw`n® "temI-am-\y≥', sIm√-Øp-\n∂v F sI ]n≈ Bcw`n® "kzcmSv', 1923¬ tImgn-t°m´p\n∂v sI ]n tIihtat\ms‚ ]{Xm-[n-]-XyØn-em-cw`n® "amXr-`qan', aplΩZv A_vZp-d-ln-am≥ tImgn-t°m-´p\n∂v Xs∂ 1924¬ Bcw`n® "A¬-˛-A-ao≥', ]me-°m´p\n∂v Sn B¿ IrjvW-kzman Aø¿ XpS-ßnb "bph`mcXw', bp tKm]me tat\m\pw sI hn Ip™pÆn tat\m\pw IqSn a{Zm-kn¬\n∂v Bcw`n® "\ho\ tIcfw', sIm√-Øp-\n∂v sI Pn i¶¿ Bcw`n® "ae-bmf cmPyw' , hS-I-c-bn¬\n-∂m-cw`n® samøm-cØv i¶-cs‚ "tIcf tIkcn', IÆq-cn¬\n∂v XpSßnb F sI Ip™n-Ir-jvW≥ \ºym-cpsS "kzm`nam\n', C°≠ hmcn-bcpsS "tIc-f≥', Ipf-°p∂Øv cma≥ tat\m≥ 1918¬ XpS-ßn-bXpw ]n∂oSv F _meIrjvW ]n≈ ]{Xm-[n-]-ÿm\w Gs‰-Sp-°p-Ibpw sNbvX "ka-Z¿in', F _me-Ir-jvW-∏n-≈-bpsS Xs∂ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ ]n∂oSv XpS-ßnb tIk-cn, sjm¿Wq-cn¬\n∂v tIm¨{Kkv tkmjy-en-Ãp-I-fpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ CFw-Fkv ]{Xm-[n-]-cmbn XpS-ßnb "{]`mXw', sI Pn \mbcpsSbpw Sn sI them- b p- [ ≥ ]n≈- b p- s Sbpw t\XrXzØn¬ Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cØp\n∂v {]kn-≤oI-cn® "\h-i‡n', "hnZym-hn-t\m-Zn\n', "kXy\mZw' XpS-ßnb {]kn-≤o-I-c-W-߃ Htck-abw tZiob {]ÿm-\-ß-sf-bpw kmaq-lnI ]cn-jvI-cW apt∂‰-ß-tfbpw ]n¥p-W-®-h-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

-hen-b-tXm-Xn¬ {]Nm-cWw km[y-am-bn-s√-¶n¬ t]mepw Cu ]{X-߃ {]I-Sn-∏n® A`n-{]m-b-߃ A∂v s]mXp-k-aq-l-Ønhen- b - t Xm- X n¬ Ne- \ - ß ƒ krjv S n- ® ncp∂psh- ∂ mWv hy‡amIp∂Xv. B A¿∞-Øn¬ 20˛mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ BZy-]m-Zw aebmf ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\-Øn¬ KpWm-flI ]cn-h¿Ø-\-Øn\v Hcp henb XpS°w Ipdn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. A∂v Bcw-`n® ]{X-ß-fn_lp-`q-cn-]-£hpw Aev]m-bp- p-°-fm-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw \ne-]m-SpI-fnse sXfn-abpw [oc-Xbpw e£y-t_m-[hpw sIm≠v thdn´ ]mŸmhv krjvSn-s®-Sp-Ø-h-bm-bn-cp∂p F∂v ]d-bmw. kzmX-{¥yk-a-c-Øns‚ Ne-\-߃ P\-ß-fn-se-Øn-°p-I-sb∂ kml-kn-IX-tb-s‰-sS-Ø-Xn-s\m∏w Xs∂-bm-bn-cp∂p Cu ]{X-ß-sf√mw A∂v kmaq-lnI LS-\-bnse sshIr-X-ßsf A\m-h-cWw sNøm\pw \thm-∞m-\-Øns‚ ]mX-bn-te°v s]mXp-k-aq-lsØ ssI]n-Sn®p \S-Øm-\p-ap≈ Xo{h-{i-a-߃ \S-Øn-bXv. kmaq-lnI D®-\o-N-Xz-

ss\-an-im-c-Wyw--

kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws

37

Øn¬\n-∂p≈ tamN\w sshtZ-in-Im-[n-]-Xy-Øn¬\n-∂p≈ tamN\-sØ-t]m-se--Xs∂ {]m[m-\y-ta-dn-b-Xm-sW∂ ImgvN-∏mSv ]cn-jvIcW {]h¿Ø-\-߃°v t\XrXzw \¬In-b-h¿ {]I-Sn-∏n-®-Xp-sIm≠p-am-{X-amWv cmPysØ CXc taJ-e-bn¬\n∂v hyXy-kvX-amb ]cn-h¿Ø\w tIc-f-Øn¬ km[y-am-b-sX∂v \n w-ibw ]dbmw.

t£{X-{]-th-i-\m-h-Imiw kmaq-lnI D®-\o-N-Xzw, PmXn kv]¿[, A‘-hn-izm-kw, ANmc-\p-jvTm\ sshIr-X-߃, _lp-`m-cym-Xzw, hn[-hmXzw, hnZym-`ymk \ntj-[w F∂n-ßs\ sI´p-]n-W-™p-In-S∂ k¶o¿W kml-NcysØ Hmtcm-∂n-s\bpw khn-ti-j-ambn ssIImcyw sNbvXmWv ]cn-jvI-cW {]h¿Ø-I¿ D®m-S\ {]{In-b-bn-te¿s∏-´-Xv. ssh°w, Kpcp-hm-bq¿ kXy-{K-l-ß-fm-bn-cp∂p CXn¬ G‰hpw \n¿Wm-bI L´w. tZiob kzm-X{¥y {]t£m-`-Øn-s\m∏w Xs∂ apt∂m´psIm≠p-t]mb CØcw ka-c-߃ s]mXp-k-aq-l-Øn¬ henb A\p-cW-\-ß-fp-≠m-°n. CXn¬ {][m\w ssh°w kXym-{K-l-am-bn-cp∂p. AXns‚ XpS¿®-bmbn Kpcp-hm-bq¿ kXym-{Klhpw \S-∂t- XmsS t£{X-]-cn-k-c-ß-fn-eqsS IogvPm-Xn-°m-c\v k©m-c-kzm-X{¥yw \¬tI-≠n-h-cp-sa∂ bmYm¿Yy-Øn-te°v kh¿Wcpw cmP-Ip-Spw_-ßfpw FØn-t®¿∂p. Cu c≠v {][m\ t£{X-߃°v ]pdsa a‰p-t£-{X-ß-fnepw CtX coXn-bn-ep≈ am‰Øn-\mbn If-sam-cpßp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p At∏mƒ. ssh°Øpw kao]Øpap≈ t£{X]cn-k-c-ß-fn-eq-sS Iogmf¿°v hgn- \S-°m\pw t£{X-{]th-i-\m-h-Imiw t\Sn-sb-Sp-°m\pw \S-Ønb {]t£m`w ae-bmf ]{X-{]-h¿Ø cwKØpw hgn-Øn-cnhm-bn. AXphsc BgvN-bn¬ Ht∂m ct≠m XhW {]kn-≤o--I-cn°p- I - s b∂ coXn- b n¬\n∂v amdn Zn\- ∏ {Xw ]nd- h n- s b- S p- Ø Xv ssh°w kXym-{K-l-tØm-sS-bm-Wv. t]cv kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse, ssh°-Øp-\n∂v {]kn-≤o-I-cWw XpS-ßnb "{]Xn-Zn\'amWv BZy Zn\-∏-{Xw. ka-Z¿in, tIk-cn, tIcf Iuap-Zn, Sn sI am[-hs‚ tZim-`n-am\n XpS-ßnb ]{X-߃ kmaq-lnI ]cn-jvI-c-W-Øn-s‚ Np°m≥ Gs‰-Sp°p∂ \ne-bn-te-°p-b¿∂p. tZiob {]ÿm-\-sØbpw kmaq-lnI ]cn-jvI-cW apt∂-‰-ß-

- fpws 38 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

sfbpw i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p≈ e£y-tØmsS tImgn-t°m-´p-\n∂v sI ]n tIi-h-ta-t\m-s‚bpw sI am[-h-ta-t\m-s‚bpw t\Xr-Xz-Øn"amXr-`q-an' IqSn {]kn-≤o-I-cWw XpS-ßp-Ibpw sNbvX-tXmsS 20˛mw\q-‰m-≠ns‚ c≠mw ZiIw apX¬ \thm-∞m\ apt∂-‰-Øn¬ ]{Xß-fpsS kPoh km∂n-[y-am-bn. ssh°w kXym-{K-Øn-\p-t\sc IÆ-S-bv°m≥ A∂v ]{X-߃°v Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. kXym-{K-lw XpS-ßp-∂-Xn\v aptº Xs∂ AXn-te°v \bn-°-s∏-Sp∂ coXn-bn\nc-h[n kw`-h-߃ A°m-eØv Ac-tß-dn-bn-cp-∂p. kh¿WcpsS Abn-Øm-N-c-Whpw IogvPm-Xn-°m¿ AXns\Xnsc \S-Øp∂ {]Nmc-Wß - fpw ]e-bn-SØpw kwL´\-ßf - p-≠m-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. C°mcy-ß-sf√mw Cu ]{X-ßfn¬ i‡-amb `mjm ssien-bn-eqsS hm¿Ø-bmbn hn\y-kn-°-s∏-´p. t£{X-{]-th-i\-Øn\v A\p-Iq-eambn P\-k-Ω¿Zw i‡amb L´-Øn¬ at\m-c-abpw hm¿Ø-I-fneqsS CXn\v ]n¥p-W-tb-In.

hgn-\-S-∏n-te°v \bn®v Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-c-Øp-\n∂v 1918¬ Ipf-°p-∂Øp cma≥ta-t\m≥ Bcw-`n® "ka-Z¿in' \thm-∞m-\-ap-t∂-‰-Øn¬ \nkvXpe kw`mh\ \¬Inb ]{X-am-bn-cp-∂p. "ka-Z¿in' ssh°w kXym-{K-lsØ ]q¿W-ambpw Gs‰-SpØp. Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dnse cmjv{Sob {]t£m-`ß-sfbpw kmaq-lnI am‰-ß-sfbpw t{]m’m-ln-∏n-®n-cp∂ "kaZ¿in'-bpsS ]{Xm-[n-]-cmbn 1922¬ F _me-IrjvW ]n≈ Npa-Xe-tb-‰-tXmsS IqSp-X¬ hy‡-Xbpw Bg-ta-dnb-Xp-amb ImgvN-∏mSv kzoI-cn-°p∂ \ne-bn-te°v ]{Xw amdn. ssh°w kXym-{K-lsØ hnP-bn-∏n-°p-∂X - n¬ "ka-Z¿in'bpw _me-Ir-jvW] - n-≈bpw ImWn® D’mlhpw Bflm¿∞-Xbpw ae-bmf \thm-∞m\ ]{X-{]-h¿Ø\-Øn\v amXr-I-bmbn amdp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. BgvN-bn¬ aq∂v F∂ IW-°n¬ sNmΔ, hymgw, i\n Znh-k-ßfnem-bn-cp∂p ka-Z¿inbpsS {]kn-≤o-I-c-Ww. kXym-{Klw XpS-ßn-b-ti-j-ap≈ F√m ]Xn-∏p-Ifpw ]pd-Øn-d-ßn-b-Xp-Xs∂ "ssh°w kXym-{Kl hm¿ØIƒ' F∂ t]cn¬ hni-Z-hn-h-c-߃ Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-s°m-≠m-Wv. kacw hnP-bn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\m-h-iyamb {]Xy£ \ne-]mSv FSpØp≈Xm-bn-cp∂p "ka-Z¿in'-bpsS hm¿Øm-hn-\ym-kw. BNm-c-ssh-Ir-X߃s°-Xn-sc P\-ßsf t_m[-h-XvI-cn-°p-Ibpw sshIr-X-߃°v Iq´p-\n¬°p∂ kh¿W-scbpw A[n-Im-cn-I-sfbpw cq£-ambn

ss\-an-im-c-Wyw--

kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws

39

hna¿in-°p-∂-Xp-am-bn-cp∂p "ka¿Z-in'-bpsS coXn. ]e-t∏mgpw A[nImcn-Isf IW-°‰v ]cn-l-kn-°m\pw "ka-Z¿in' ss[cyw Im´n.

1924 Pqsse-bn¬ sNß-∂q-cn¬ tN¿∂ kh¿W lnμp-a-lmtbmKw, ssh°w kXym-{K-l e£y-Øn-te-°p≈ \n¿WmbI tbmK-am-bn-cp-∂p. Ah¿Wsc AI-‰n-\n¿Øn-bn-cp∂ kh¿W-cpsS at\m-`m-h-Øn¬ ImX-emb am‰w-h-∂-Xns‚ {]Jym-]-\-am-bn-cp∂p sNß-∂q¿ tbmKw. ka-c-Øn-s‚bpw AtXm-S-\p-_-‘n®v \S∂ kΩ¿Zhpw Zp»m-Ty-ß-fn¬\n∂v ]n≥hm-ßm≥ kh¿Wsc \n¿_‘nXcm-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. kh¿Wcn-ep-≠mb Cu a\w-am‰w {]I-Samb sNß-∂q¿ tbmK-Øns‚ {]Jym-]-\-ßfpw a‰v hm¿Ø-Ifpw 1924 Pqsse F´n\v ]pd-Øn-d-ßnb ka¿Z¿in-bn¬ hni-Z-ambn Dƒs°m-≈n-®p. A∂sØ H∂mw t]Pp-ap-gp-h≥ Cu hm¿Ø-bv°pam-{X-am-bmWv ]{Xw \o°n-sh-®-Xv. t£{X-]-cn-k-c-ß-fn¬IqSn Ah¿W¿°pw k©-cn-°m≥ A\p-hmZw \¬I-W-sa-∂m-h-iy-s∏´v B‰p-Im¬ \oe-IW - vT∏ - n≈ Ah-Xc - n-∏n® {]ta-bhpw At±-lØ - ns‚ {]kw-Khpw GXm≠v ]q¿W cq]-Øn¬Xs∂ ka¿Zin {]kn-≤oI-cn-®p. "kh¿W lnμp-a-lm-tbm-Kw, GI-I-WvT-amb P\m-`n-{]m-bw, A`q-X-]q¿h-amb hnPbw' F∂ Xe-s°-t´m-sS-bm-bn-cp∂p hm¿Ø. ktΩ-f-\-Øn¬ ]mkm-°nb {]ta-bw ]{Xw sImSp-ØXv Cßs\: {]tabw:˛""ssh-°Øpw a‰p ÿe-ß-fn-ep-ap≈ alm-t£-{Xß-fpsS aXn-en\p ]pd-sa-°qSn Aln-μp-°ƒ-t]mepw k©ncn-°m-\p≈ F√m hgn-Ifpw Ah¿W-ln-μp-°ƒ°pw k©cn°m≥ kzmX{¥yw \evtI-≠-Xm-sW∂v Cu tbmKw A`n{]m-b-s∏-Sp-Ibpw C{]-Imcw A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂-Xmb Hcp hnfw_cw DSs\ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°-W-sa∂v Kh¿ta‚n-t\mSv At]£n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p'' ˛ka-Z¿in, 1924 Pqsse 8 kXym-{K-lsØ {]Xn-tcm-[n-°m\pw kh¿W-ln-μp-°f - psS BNmc-\n-jvT-Iƒ Dd-∏n-®p-In-´m\pw kh¿Wcpw kam-¥-c-ambn Xo{h-{iaw \S-Øn-bn-cp-∂p. ssh°w t£{X-Øns‚ ]Sn-™msd \S-bn¬ "[¿Ω kacw' F∂v t]cn-´m-bn-cp∂p kh¿W-cpsS ka-cw. "[¿Ω-ka - c - 'sØ \nin-X-ambn hna¿in°m\pw ]cn-l-kn-°m\pw "ka¿Z¿in' ISpØ `mj Xs∂ {]tbm-Kn-®p. ssh°w kXym-{K-lw e£y-tØmSv

- fpws 40 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

ASp-°p∂ L´-Øn¬ k¿°m¿Xs∂ CS-s]´v "[¿a-ka-c'-°msc ]n¥n-cn-∏n-°p∂ \ne-bp≠m-bn. HSp-hn¬ KXy-¥-c-an-√msX ]n≥hen-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. 1924 Pqsse 12\v Cd-ßnb ka¿Z¿in- Cu kw`hw "kh¿W-ln-μp-{]-t£m-`-Øns‚ A¥¿≤m\w, Znhm≥ t]jvIm-cpsS `oa-l¿Pn hnNm-cW' F∂ Xe-s°-´n¬ Cßs\ hm¿Ø-bm-°n-: C∂p-cm-hnse ]Xn-hn≥{]-Imcw ]Sn-™msd \S-bn¬ kXy{Kl hf-≠n-b¿ kwLw sN∂-t∏mƒ ""[¿Ω kac'' °mcpsS Bfp-Isf s]mSn-®-s]mSn IqSnbpw I≠n-cp-∂n-√. [¿Ω-kacw B∏o-kn\p ap∂n¬- Hcp hn⁄m-]\w ]ckyw sNbvXp I≠p. "a‰p \ymb- a mb am¿Kw C\n F¥m- t Wmthm? tIm¨{Kkv kXy-{K-ln-I-fpsS {]th-i-\sØ XS-bm-\p≈ [¿Ω-k-a-ctØ \ndp-Ø-W-sa∂v Kh¿ta‚ v-A-[n-Ir-X∑m¿ B⁄m-]n-®-X-\p-k-cn®v C∂p-ap-X¬ \ndp-Øp-∂p. CXp-\nanØw kh¿W-ln-μp-°ƒ°v hyk-\tam Ak-am-[m-\tam D¤-hn-°c - p-sX∂pw a‰p \ymb-amb am¿K-ßf - n¬°qSn \ΩpsS BNm-c-sØbpw Ah-Im-i-sØbpw \ne-\n-dp-Øp-hm≥th≠ ]cn- { i- a - ß ƒ sNøp- ∂ - X m- s W∂pw am\y- ∑ m- c mb F√m kh¿W-ln-μp-°-sfbpw Adn-bn-®p-sIm-≈p-∂p. ˛ka¿Z¿in-, 1924 Pqsse 12 CØcw Xnc- n ®- S n- I ƒ t\cn´psh- ¶ nepw kh¿W- l n- μ p- ° ƒ ]q¿W-ambpw ]n≥hm-ßm≥ Xøm-dm-bn-cp-∂n-√. Xcm-Xcw t]mse ssh°w kXy-{K-lk-a-c e£y-ßsf XI¿°m\pw ]g-b- am-aq-eIƒ Dd-∏n-®p-\n¿Øm\pap≈ {ia-߃ Xs∂-bmWv bmYm-ÿn-XnI kh¿W¿ XpS¿∂pw kzoI-cn-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂X - v. CXn-\mbn {]tXyIw tbmK߃ tNcp-Ibpw Xß-fpsS A[n-Im-cm-h-Im-i-߃ \ne\n¿Øn-°n-´p-∂-Xn-\m-h-iy-ambn k¿°m-dn¬ kΩ¿Zw sNep-Øp∂-Xn\v Xocp-am-\n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp-∂p. AtX-ka - bw \thm-∞m\ {]t£m-`ß - fpw t_m[-hX - vIc - W - hpw s]mXp-ka - q-lØ - nepw kh¿Wcnse Hcp-hn-`m-K-Ønepw Imcyamb Ne-\-߃ krjvSn-®-Xn-\mCØcw \o°sØ Xpd-∂p-Im-Wn-°m≥ km[n-®p-sh-∂X - mWv {]tXyI-X. Cu L´-Ønepw kPo-h-amb CS-s]-sS-ep-Iƒ ]{X-߃ \SØn. "[¿Ω-k-a-c'-°m¿ ho≠pw Xe-sb-Sp-°p-∂p-sh∂ ap∂-dn-bn∏p-\¬In-bm-bn-cp∂p \thm-∞m-\-]-£sØ ]{X-߃ CXn-s\-

ss\-an-im-c-Wyw--

kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws

41

Xnsc {]Nm-cWw \S-Øn-b-Xv. \thm∞m\ \ne-]m-Sp-I-fnse sshcp-≤y-ß-fpsS t]cn¬ ]ckv]cw G‰p-ap-´m\pw ]{X-߃ Xøm-dm-bn. AXn-s\mcp DZm-lcWw "ka-Z¿in'bpw "ae-bmfn'bpw XΩn-ep≈Xm-bn-cp-∂p. ssh°w t£{X-\-S-bn¬ \S-Øn-bn-cp∂ "[¿Ω kacw' ]n≥h-en-®p-sh-¶nepw GXm\pw Znh-k-Øn\v tijw kh¿W lnμp-°ƒ sNß∂qcn{]tXyIw tbmKw tN¿∂v `mhn ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ Btem-Nn-®n-cp-∂p.

AXn\v apºv sNß-∂q-cn¬ tN¿∂ kh¿W lnμp-a-lm-tbmKw hgn--\-S∏n-\p≈ kzmX{¥yw \¬Im-sa∂ {]tabw ]mkn-°n-b-Xn\v ]n∂m-se-bm-bn-cp∂p Cu tbmKw. Cu {]tabw Ah-X-cn-∏n® B‰pIm¬ \oe-I-WvT-∏n-≈bpw kvt\ln-X≥ I√q¿ \mcm-b-W-∏n-≈bpw ]n∂oSv sNß-∂q¿ Xmgva¨ X{¥n-bpsS C√Øv tN¿∂ kh¿W lnμp tbmK-Øn¬ ]s¶-Sp-Ø-Xmbn "ae-bmfn' hm¿Ø {]kn-≤oI-cn-®p. CXv hmkvXh hncp-≤-am-sW-∂m-bn-cp∂p B‰p-Im¬ \oeIvW-T-∏n-≈-bpsS hmZw. "ae-bmfn' °v hkvXp-Xm-]-c-amb sX‰p-]-‰nsb∂v ImWn®v A‰p-Im¬ \oe-I-WvT-∏n≈ hni-Z-amb IsØ-gp-Xnsb-¶nepw AXv {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°m≥ ]{Xw Xøm-dm-bn-√. CtX XpS¿∂v kh¿W-ln-μp-k-am-Phpw "ae-bm-fn'bpw F∂ t]cn¬ kaZ¿in-bn¬ 1924 HmKÃv c≠n\v B‰p-Im¬ \oe-I-WvT-∏n-≈-bpsS teJ\w {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®p. ae-bm-fn-bpsS Cu kao-]-\Øn¬ {]Xntj-[n®p≈ B teJ-\-Øn¬ At±lw Cßs\ FgpXn: "Nne Ak-Xy-{]-kvXm-h\ - I - ƒ D≠m-bX - ns\ Nq≠n-°m-Wn®pw B kam-P-Øns‚ D≈p-I-≈n-Iƒ Xpd-∂p-Im-Wn®pw Rm≥ B amkw ae-bm-fn°v Hcp {]Xym-Jym\w Ab-®n-cp-∂p. ]{Xa-cym-Zb - \p-kc - n-°p∂ ]{Xm-[n-]c - p-s≠-¶n¬ B {]Xym-Jym\w {]kn-≤s - ∏-Sp-Øp-sa-∂p≈ ]q¿W t_m[-tØmsS IqSn-bmWp Rm≥ Fgp-Xnbb®-Xv. F∂m¬, C{Xbpw \mƒ ae-bmfn Fs‚ teJ\w {]kn≤w sNøm-sXbpw teJ\w Xncn-®p-In´n-bm¬a-Xn-sb∂v Rm≥ Fgp-Xn-b-b-®-Xn\v adp-]-Sn-t]mepw Xcm-sXbpw ]{Xm-[n-]¿ au\w Zo£n-®-Xp-sIm-≠pw....CsXgp-Xp∂p' F∂p-]-d-™mWv teJ\w XpS-ßp-∂-Xv. kh¿W lnμp-°fpsS ta¬t°mbvam at\m-`m-hsØ FÆn-sb-Æn-∏d-™p≈ teJ\w, "B amXn-cn-bp≈ kh¿W(?)NnØ-hr-

- fpws 42 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

Øn- b m- b n- c n°pw Ct∏mƒ "ae- b m- f n'°pw ÿmbn- b mbn D≈Xv' F∂v tNmZn-®mWv Ah-km-\n-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. XpS¿∂p-≈ Znh-k-ß-fnepw A\m-Nm-c-ßsf hna¿in®pw t_m[h-XvI-cWw \S-Øn-bp-ap≈ hm¿Ø-Iƒ kaZ¿in \nc-¥cw sImSpØp-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. 1925 P\p-hcn 31 Abn-Øm-N-c-WsØ t{]m’mln-∏n-°m≥ {ian-°p∂ k¿°m-dns\ cq£-ambn hna¿in®v "AbnØ- Ø ns‚ D®m- S - \ m- h m- l \- ß ƒ' F∂ Xe- s °- ´ n¬ apJ- { ]kwKhpsa-gp-Xn. AXn¬ Cßs\ ]d-bp∂p: "Z£n-W-`m-c-X-Øn¬ Ct∏mƒ Htc-k-a-b-Øp-Xs∂ Abn-ØØns‚ D®m-S-\w, kwc-£-Ww, Bhm-l\w F∂o ap∂p kwlm-c-ÿn-Xn-krjvSn {]ÿm-\-߃ \S-∂p-h-cp-∂p. ...AbnØm-hm-l\ {]ÿm-\-Øn¬ tZhkzw DtZym-K-ÿ-∑m-cpsS Zpjvt{]-c-W-Iƒ\n-anØw Kh¿tΩ‚ v G¿s∏-Sp-∂Xv hfsc kq£n-®p-thWsa∂p-IqSn ChnsS R߃ ]d-™p-sIm≈p∂p.' ssh°w kXym-{K-l-Øn¬ Km‘nPn \S-Ønb CS-s]-S¬ kw_‘n-®p-\¬Inb hm¿Ø-bpsS `mjbpw k¿°m-dn-s\ hna¿in-°p∂Xpw ]cn-l-kn-°p-∂-Xp-am-bn-cp∂p. "alm-fl-Pnbpw ssh°w kXy{K-lhpw' F∂ Xe-s°-´n¬ kaZ¿in Km‘n-Pn-bpsS CS-s]-S-ens\ Cßs\ hm¿Ø-bm-°n: "ssh°-tØ°v kXy-{KmlI¿°p alm-flPn Ab-®n-´p≈ Hcp ktμiw R߃ A\y{X tN¿Øn-´p-≠v. IqSmsX ssht°tØ Kh¿sa‚ns\bpw kh¿Æ-cp-sSbpw ss]imNn-I-amb A{I-a-߃ I≠p- ssh°w kXy-{K-Øn\v Hcp k¿tΔ-¥ym-°m-cy-Øns‚ {]m[m\yw \¬In h¿°nMv IΩn‰n ]mkm-°nb \n›-bhpw Cu \m´nse ]ucm-h-en-°p ]c-a-{][m-\-amb hm¿Ø-bm-Wv. ip≤ {]mtZ-inI Imcy-ambn almflPn ]cn-K-Wn-® ssh°w kXy-{K-lsØ Hcp k¿tΔ-¥ym°m-cy-am-°p-hm≥ At±-lsØ t{]cn-∏n® Kh¿sa‚n-t\mSpw kh¿W-tcmSpw kXy-{Km-l-I¿ IrX-⁄-X-bp-≈-h-cm-b-cn-°psa-∂-Xn\v bmsXmcp kwi-b-hp-an-√.' ˛ka-Z¿in, 1924 Pqsse 5

ss\-an-im-c-Wyw--

kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws

43

kaZ¿in-bn¬\n∂v amdn F _me-Ir-jvW-∏n≈ "tIkcn' Bcw`n-®-tXmsS \thm-∞m\ apt∂-‰-Øn-epsS am[ya CS-s]-Sep-Iƒ°v IqSp-X¬ i‡n e`n-®p. kaZ¿in-bn¬ {]I-Sn-∏n-®Xn-t\-°mƒ i‡amb `mjbpw ka-{K-Xbpw CØcw hnj-bß - ƒ ssIImcyw sNbvXt∏mƒ tIkcn {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. ssh°w kXym-{K-lØnepw ]n∂oSv Kpcp-hm-bq¿ kXym-{K-l-Ønepw tIk-cn-bpsS CSs]-S-ep-Iƒ Cu \ne-bn¬ {it≤-b-am-bn-cp-∂p. Kpcp-hm-bq¿ kXym{K-l-Øn¬ "amXr-`qan' {]I-Sn-∏n® CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒs°m-∏tam Hcp]t£ AXn-te-dtbm {]Xn-jv-Tn-°m-hp-∂-XmWv tIk-cn- kzoI-cn® \ne-]m-Sp-Iƒ. {]t£m-`-ß-fpsS ^ew e`n®m¬, {]t£m-`-Im-cnIƒ Ae-k-X-bn-te°v \oß-cp-sX∂ ap∂-dn-bn-∏p-Ifpw tIkcn ]e-t∏mgpw \¬Ins°m-≠n-cp-∂p. Zo¿L-\m-fsØ ssh°w kXym{K- Ø ns‚ ^e- a mbn t£{Xm- N m- c - ß ƒ ]cn- j v I - c n- ° p- ∂ - X n\v kh¿W-cn¬\n∂v A\p-Iqe at\m-`m-h-ap-≠m-Ip∂p F∂ hnhcw e`ns®¶nepw {]t£m-`-Øn¬\n∂v Hcp-X-c-Ønepw ]n¥n-cn-bcpsX∂ Blzm-\-am-bn-cp∂p tIkcn hm¿Ø-I-fn-eq-sSbpw apJ-{]kw-K-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw \¬In-s°m-≠n-cp-∂-Xv. ssh°w kXym-{K-Øns‚ XpS¿®-bmbn 1930 HIvtSm-_¿ F´n\v "t£{X-{]-th-i\w F∂ Xe-s°-´n¬' tIk-cn-bn¬ \¬Inb Hcp hm¿Ø CXm Cßs\: sXmÆqdp Znh-k-Øn-\Iw Ah¿Æ-ln-μp-°ƒ°p k¿°m¿ t£{X߃ Xpdp-∂p-sIm-Sp-°-W-sa∂v Hcp \n›bw tN¿Øe-h®p {ioam≥ cma-kzm-an-\mbn°-cpsS A[y-£X - b - n¬ IqSnb Bfl-]-cn-jvI-cW kwL-°m¿ Kh¿sΩ‚n\v Ab-®p-sIm-SpØn-cn-°p-∂-Xp-I≠v R߃ kt¥m-jn-°p-∂p. Cu \ymbamb Ah-Im-i-hm-ZsØ Kh¿sΩ‚pw A\p-h-Zn-°p-sa∂v tXm∂p-∂n-√. AXn-\m¬ Kh¿sΩ‚ns‚ adp-]-Sn°v ImØncn-°p-tºmƒ Xs∂ {]kvXpX AhImiw A{I-a-c-ln-X-amb kXym-{Klw aqew ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th≠ ap≥I-cp-X-ep-Iƒ sNøp-hm≥ Ah¿ DZy-an-t°-≠-Xm-Wv. Kpcp-hm-bq¿ kXym-{K-l-Ønepw hn]p-e-amb CS-s]-S-ep-IfmWv tIkcn \SØn-b-Xv. \nc-¥c hm¿Ø-Iƒ \¬Ip-∂-Xn\v ]pdsa apJ-{]-kw-K-Øn-epsS ]{Xw \ne-]mSv A¿Y-i-¶-bn-√msX

- fpws 44 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

{]I-Sn-∏n-®p-sIm-t≠-bn-cp-∂p. Kpcp-hm-bq¿ kXym-{K-Øn¬ ]s¶-SpØ ka-c-°msc t\cn´ bmYm-ÿn-Xn-I-cp-sSbpw A[n-Im-cn-I-fp-sSbpw kao-]-\sØ cq£-ambn hna¿in-°m\pw tIkcn Xøm-dm-bn. Kpcphm-bq¿ kXym-{Kl-Øns‚ hf-≠n-b¿ Iym]v‰\ - m-bn-cp∂ FsIPn°pt\-sc-bp-≠mb A{I-asØ "Kpcp-hm-bq¿ kXym-{Klw' F∂ Xes°-´n¬ tIkcn Cßs\ hm¿Ø-bm-°n-: Unkw-_¿ 28\v thmf-≠n-b¿ Iym]vS-\mb an. F sI tKm]mes\ H´-[nIw {_m“-Wcpw \mb-∑mcpw IqSn-tN¿∂p ASn®p hogvØn \ne-Øn´p Nhn-´p-I-bp-≠m-bn. ITn-\-amb ]cp-°p-Iƒ G‰n-´p-≠v. t]meokv F√mw I≠p \n∂-X-√msX H∂pw sNbvXn-√. ASpØ Znh-k-ß-fn¬ kXym-{Klw apdbv°p \S∂p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. Unkw_¿ 30\v kXym-{K-ln-I-f-√mØ \m\m-Pm-Xn-a-X-kvX-cmb A\-h[n Bfp-Iƒ tN¿∂p ap≈pth-en-Iƒ F√mw s]mfn®p \o°w sNbvXp. Xev^-e-ambn B¿°pw PmXn-aX - t- `-Za - s\y tKm]pcw hsc bmsXmcp {]Xn_‘hpw IqSmsX sN√mw. ˛tIkcn, 1932 P\p-hcn 13 "Kpcp-hm-bq¿ kXym-{Klw' F∂ Xe-s°-´n¬ 1932 sk]vXw-_¿ 28\v tIkcn apJ-{]-kwKw {]kn-Zv[o-I-cn®p. ka-c-t\-Xr-Xz-Øn-ep≈ tIf-∏s‚ Poh≥ A]-I-S-Øn-em-Im-Xn-cn-°W-sa-∂m-h-iy-s∏´v kacsØ ]n¥p-W-°p-∂-h¿ kmaq-Xncn cmPm-hns\ Is≠-¶nepw adp]Sn tami-am-bn-cp-∂p. am{X-a-√, ka-c t\Xr-Xz-Øn-ep≈ sI. tIf∏s\ A[n-t£-]n-°m\pw cmPmhv Xp\n-™p. CXns\ cq£-ambn hna¿in-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p tIk-cn-bpsS apJ-{]-kwKw: "XymKn-h-cy-\mb {ioam≥ tIf-∏s‚ Pohs\ c£n-t°≠ tIc-fo-b-cpsS {][m-\-I¿Ø-hy-sØ-]‰n R߃ Ign™ e°-Øn¬ Nq≠n-°m-Wn-®n-cp-∂-t√m. AXp \n¿h-ln-°p-∂Xn-\p≈ Hcp am¿K-ambn kmaq-Xn-cn-tbm-Sp≈ \nth-Z\w Ah¿ sNøpIbpw AXv \njv{]-tbm-P-\-am-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw sNbvXncn-°p-∂p. C∂sØ kmaq-Xn-cn-sb-t∏mse lrZ-b-sa∂ Ahb-an-√m-Ø-hcpw Xß-fpsS Ipe-Øn\pw ÿm\-Øn\pw aXØn\pw X߃°p D∂-X-hn-Zym-`ymkw \evInb k¿h-I-emim-ebv°pw X߃ P\n® \mSn\pw `mc-X-`q-an°p Bk-I-

ss\-an-im-c-Wyw--

kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws

45

ehpw a\p-jy-h¿§-Øn\pw IqSn Xocm-°-f-¶-ap-≠m-°n -h-bvI∂-h-cp-ambn apd´p bmYm-ÿn-Xn-I¿ C\vUy-bnse hmbp-hs\ aen-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂n-S-tØm-fw-Imew alm-fl-Pn-sb-t∏m-sebpw {ioam≥ tIf-∏-s\-t∏m-sebpw D≈ lnμp-t\-Xm-°-∑m¿°p ]´n-Wn-In-S∂p Nmth-≠-Xm-bn-Øs∂ hcp-sa∂p kmaq-Xncnsb kao-]n® \nth-Z-I-kw-L-tØmSp B a\p-jy≥ ]d™ e÷m-I-c-amb, arKo-b-amb ad-]pSn kphy-‡-am-°n-bn-cn-°p∂p. \nμy-amb `ocp-Xz-am-Wv, Hcp `ocp-hns‚ Hgn-hp-I-gn-hmWv AXn¬ s]m¥n-®p-\n¬°p-∂-Xv. tIc-f-Ønse lnμp-ssN-X\y-Øns‚ aq¿Øo-I-c-W-amb {io tIf-∏s‚ Poh\p A]mbw hcp-s∂-¶n¬ CXn-\p≈ DØ-c-hmZnXzw {]Y-a-ambn hlnt°≠ X∂n¬\n∂pw AXp Xn-cp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn-sebpw sIm®nbn-sebpw alm-cm-Pm-°∑m-cpsS Xe-bn¬ tI‰p-hm-\mWv kmaqXn Xp\n-™n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. t£{X-߃ A[x-Ir-X¿°p Xpd-∂p-sIm-Sp-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xns‚ DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw Cu cmPm°-∑m¿°pw Cs√-∂√ R߃ ]d-bp-∂-Xv. Kpcp-hm-bqsc t£{XsØ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw {]Y-anI DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw kmaq-Xncn-°p-am-{X-am-sW-t∂ R߃ ]d-bp-∂p-≈q.'

1932 HIvtSm-_¿ 12\v t£{X-{]-th-i\w F∂ t]cn¬ ho≠pw apJ-{]-kwKw Fgp-Xn. Km‘n-Pn-bpsS \n¿tZ-i-{]-Imcw tIf-∏≥ Kpcp-hm-bq¿ kXym-{Klw Ah-km-\n-∏n-®-Xn-\v tij-am-bn-cp∂p CXv. kXym-{Klw hgn tIc-fØ - n¬ t£{X-{]-th-i\w kw_-‘n®v i‡ntb-dnb {]Nm-c-the \S-∂-Xmbn AXn¬ ]d-bp-∂p. ]cn-jvI-c-Wm`n-apJyw {]I-Sn-∏n-®n-cp∂ a‰p-]-{X-ßfpw Cu {]iv\-߃ kPo-hambn A∂v Gs‰-Sp-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. sIm®n-bn¬\n∂v F Aø-∏s‚ t\Xr- X z- Ø n¬ ]pd- Ø n- d - ° nb "ktlmZc≥', tImgn- t °mSv Xfnt£{X tdmUn¬IqSn IogvPm-Xn-°m¿ k©-cn-°m≥ ]mSn-s√∂ kmaqXncn cmPm-hns‚ Iev]-\tbmSv th≠{X FXn¿∏v Db-cm-ØXnse Aa¿jhpw {]I-Sn-∏n-®mWv Hcp e°w ]pd-Øn-d-°n-b-Xv. ]cnjvI-cW {]h¿Ø-\-߃°v t\XrXzw sImSp-°p-∂-h¿ t]mepw {]iv\-Øn¬ CS-s]-Smt\m cmPm-hns\ ImWmt\m ss[cyw ImWn°m™ ka-bØv kn IrjvW≥ ImWn® {]hr-Ønsb «mLn-®v ktlm-Z-c≥ Cßs\ FgpXn: "tImgn-t°mSp Xfn-tdm-Un¬ IqSn Xob¿ apX-emb Xo≠-ep≈

- fpws 46 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

PmXn-°m¿ \S-∂p-Iq-sS∂p kmap-Xncn FsÉp Ie-IvS¿ Hcp t\m´okv {]kn≤w sNbvXn-´p-≠-t√m. anÿ, kn IrjvW\pw a‰pw CXns\ kw_-‘n®v DSs\ H∂pw {]h¿Øn-°m-Xn-cp∂-Xn-s\-∏‰n R߃°p henb A¤pXw tXm∂n-bn-cp-∂p.

CXm Ct∏mƒ [oc-\mb B kap-Zm-b-kvt\ln IevI-S-dpsS Cu hnthI iq\y-amb Iev]-\sb XrW-h¬I-cn®p \ntcm[n-®n-´p≈ tdmUn¬IqSn \S∂p sN∂v t\cns´sN∂v IeIvSsd hnhcw Adn-bn-®n-cn-°p-∂p.' a‰p-hn-`m-K-߃°v t£{X-{]-th-i\w A\p-h-Zn® tijhpw AI‰n-\n¿Ø-s∏´ hn`m-K-ß-fn-sem-∂m-bn-cp∂p N°m-e \mb-∑m¿.

Ch¿°p-IqSn t£{X-{]-th-i-\m-\p-hmZw \¬In Xncp-hnXmwIq¿ cmPmhv DØ-chv ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-®-t∏mƒ A°mcyw P\-ßsf "ktlmZ-c≥' Adn-bn-®Xv hyXykvX coXn-bn-em-bn-cp-∂p. N°m-e\ - m-b∑ - m¿°v {]th-i\w \¬Im≥ sshIn-b-Xn¬ k¿°m-dns\ Ip‰-s∏-Sp-Øp-I IqSn sNbvXm-bn-cp∂p "t£{X-{]-th-i\w' F∂ Xe-s°-´n\¬Inb hm¿Ø: "N°me\mb-∑m¿°v t£{X-{]-th-i\w A\p-h-Zn-°p-∂-Xmbn Hcp Iev]\ Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ Kh¿tΩ‚p ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn-®n-cn°p-∂p. tIc-f-Øns‚ kap-Zm-b-Kp-cphpw A[ym-fl-Kp-cphpw kmln-Xym-Nm-cy\pw Bb Znhy-]p-cp-j-\mb Fgp-Ø-›s‚ PmXn-°m¿°p Ct∏mƒ am{Xta t£{X-{]-th-i\w A\p-h-Zn°m≥ km[n-®p≈q F∂p kΩ-Xn-t°≠n-h-∂-Xn¬ Xncp-hnXmw-Iq¿ Kh¿ta‚p e÷n-°p-∂n-√t√m!' ˛-- -ktlm-Z-c≥, e°w c≠v

tIcf Iuap-Zn-bpsS CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ tIc-f-Øns‚ \thm-∞m\ Ncn-{X-Ønse kph¿Wm-[ym-b-amWv "tIcf IuapZn' bptS-Xv. {io\m-cm-b-W≥ apt∂m-´p-h® Z¿i-\-ßsf ae-bmfn a\- p-I-fn¬ IpSn-tb‰p-∂-Xn¬ tIcf Iuap-Znbpw ÿm]I≥ kn hn Ip™p-cm-a\pw {]I-Sn-∏n® Xmev]cyw kmaq-lnI -hn-πh-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-in-e-I-fn-sem-∂mbn amdp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ]c-hq¿ tIi-h-\m-ims‚ t\Xr-Xz-Ønep≠m-bn-cp∂ "kpP-\m-\-μn\n' ]chq-cn¬ \S∂ Hcp \mb-co-gh el-fsb XpS¿∂v C√m-Xm-b-Xn\v

ss\-an-im-c-Wyw--

kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws

47

tijamWv "tIcf IuapZn' bpsS ]nd-hn. Bi-b-{]-Nm-c-W-Øn\v Hcp-]{Xw C√m-Ø-Xns‚ t]mcmbva a\- n-em-°nb knhn Ip™pcm-a-\mWv Iuap-Zn-bpsS ]nd-hn-bpsS bYm¿Y i‡n. tIcf IuapZn AXns‚ k¿h-i-‡nbpw ^e-{]-Z-ambn {]tbmKn-®Xv ssh°w kXym-{KlØn-em-bn-cp-∂p. \thm-∞m-\-N-cn-{XØn¬ kp{]-[m\ kw`-h-amb ssh°w kXym-{K-l-Øns‚ apJykq-{X-[m-c≥ Sn.sI am[-h-\mbn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬, AXv P\-ß-fn-te°v FØp-∂X - n¬ ka-Z¿inbpw tIk-cnbpw amXr-`q-an-bp-sa√mw ImWn® Xmev]-cy-Øn-s\m-∏tam AXn-te-sdtbm Bbn-cp∂p tIcf IuapZn hln® ]¶v. Sn sI am[-h≥ "tZim-`n-am\n' bneqsS kXym-{K-lØn-\p≈ kml-N-cy-ß-sf√mw Gsd aptº Xs∂ Hcp-°n-s°m≠n-cp-∂p. Abn-tØm-®m-S\ - Ø - n\pw t£{X-{]-th-i\ - Ø - n\pw Xmgv∂Pm-Xn-°m-cns‚ hnZym-`ymk Ah-Im-i-Øn-\p-sa√mw "tZim-`n-am\n' bneqsS SnsI am[-h≥ \S-Ønb CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ, tIcf Iuap-ZnbpsS IqSn klm-b-tØmsS IqSp-X¬ i‡-am-hp-I-bm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. {ioaqew {]Pm-k-`-bn¬ AwK-am-bn-cp∂ SnsI am[-h≥ t£{X-߃ Dƒ∏-sS-bp≈ F√m s]mXp-ÿ-e-ß-fnepw PmXn-hn-th-N-\-an-√msX F√m-h¿°pw {]th-i\w thW-sa∂ \ne-]mSv kzoI-cn-®mWv \thm∞m-\-{]-ÿm-\-Øns‚ t\XrXzw Gs‰-Sp-Ø-Xv. t£{X-{]-th-i\w P∑m-h-Im-i-amWv F∂ \ne-]m-Sm-bn-cp∂p {]Pm-k-`-bnepw SnsI am[-h≥ kzoI-cn-®-Xv. PmXo-b-amb hnth-N\w s]m´n-sØ-dn-bpsS Xe-Ønte°v Dbcpw hn[w k¶o¿Wamb L´-Øn-emWv {io\mcm-bWKpcp ssh°w t£{X-]-cn-k-c-Øp-IqSn dn£m-h-≠n-bn¬ \SØnb bm{Xsb kh¿W≥ FXn¿Ø-Xv. Cukw-`-h-Øns‚ XpS¿®bm-bmWv SnsI am[-h≥ ssh°w kXym-{K-l-Øn-\p≈ aps∂m-cp°-߃ \S-Øp-∂-Xv. 1924 am¿®v 30 apX¬ 1925 \hw-_¿ 25 hsc-bm-bn-cp∂p tIcfsØ Cf-°n-ad - n® ssh°w kXym-{K-lw. tIcf Iuap-Zn-bpsS F√m e°-ßfpw ]n∂oSv ]pd-Øn-ßn-bXv ssh°w kXym-{K-l- hm¿ØI-fp-am-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ka-c-Øns‚ Du¿Pw tNmcmsX \n¬°pI am{Xa-√, IqSp-X¬ Bthiw P\-ß-fn-se-Øp-°p-∂-Xn\v IqSn klm-bI-c-am-bn-cp∂p Iuap-Zn-bpsS hm¿Øm-hn-\ym-kw. H∂mw t]PnapJy-hm¿Ømbmbn Xs∂-bmWv kXym-{Kl hm¿Ø-Iƒ CSw ]nSn®-Xv. CXn\v ]pdsa \nc-h[n XhW apJ-te-J-\-ß-fmbpw kXym-

- fpws 48 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

{Klw kw_-‘n® Imcy-߃ tIc-fI - u-ap-Zn-bn¬ CSw-]n-Sn-®p. kXym{Klw ]ptcm-K-an-°p-∂-Xn-\n-S-bn-ep-≠mb kw`-h-߃ hni-Z-am-°ns°m≠v A°m-eØv tIcf IuapZn {]kn-≤o-I-cn® Nne hm¿ØIƒ Cß-s\-bmbncp∂p: "Kh¨sa‚ns‚ \bw amdn-b-Xmbn ImWp-∂p. C∂p-cm-hnse ]Xn-hp-{]-Imcw t]mb kXym-{K-ln-Isf (Nm-Øp-°p´n \mb¿, IrjvW≥, ]m®≥ \mcm-b-W≥) F∂n-hsc Ad-Ãp-sN-øpItbm \ntcm-[n-°-s∏´ ÿetØ°v IS-Øn-hn-Sp-Itbm sNømsX XS-™p-\n-dp-ØpIbm-Wp-≠m-b-Xv. -Kh¨sa‚ v Xßsf IS-∂p-t]m-Im≥ A\p-h-Zn-°p-Itbm As√-¶nAdÃp sNbvXp-sIm-≠p-t]m-hp-Itbm sNømsX X߃ AhnsS-\n∂pw amdn-t∏m-Ip-∂-X-s√∂pw bmsXmcp Blm-chpw Ign°p-∂-X-s√∂v i]Yw sNbvXp hmf‚n-b¿am¿ tdmUn¬ Ccn°p-∂p. Ch-cpsS Cu XymKw hntcm-[n-I-fpsS a\- m-£nsb h√msX {hW-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p-≠v. Blmcw Dt]-£n®pw Xo{ham-b-sh-bn¬sIm-≠p-an-cn-°p∂ Cu hmf-≠n-b¿am-cpsS `mhn F¥m-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v F√m-hcpw D¬°-WvT-tbmsS {]Xo-£n®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. P\-߃ kwLw-kw-L-ambn Nne-bn-Sß-fn¬\n∂v h∂psIm-t≠-bn-cn-°p-∂p. hmf-≠n-b¿am¿ [mcmf-ambn tN¿∂p-h-cp-∂p.' kac t\Xm-°-fpsS AdÃpw kacw i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂ coXnbpw hni-Zo-I-cn®v as‰mcp Znhkw \¬Inb hm¿Ø Cßs\ ]d-bp∂p: "kXym-{Klw i‡n-bmbn \S-°p-∂p. AdÃv sNø-s∏´ sat gvkv tPm¿Pv tPmk^v sk_m-Ãy≥˛ sI.-Pn. \mb¿ Chsc Bdp-amksØ shdpw XS-hn\p in£n®v tIm´bw hgn Imdn¬ sIm≠p- t ]m- b n- c n- ° p- ∂ p. Hm^okv Nm¿Pv {_lva{io IrjvW≥ \ºq-Xn-cnsb kwLw ssItb-dn-bn-cn°p-∂p. C∂p c≠p kwLw hmf-≠n-b¿am¿ hSs° \S-bnepw sN∂p kacw Bcw-`n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. aq∂p-Zn-h-k-ambn \ncm-lmc-{hXw kzoI-cn-®n-cp∂ NmØp-°p´n \mbcpw Iq´cpw aptºm´p-t]m-Ip-∂Xn\v {ian-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. s]meo-kp-Im¿

ss\-an-im-c-Wyw--

kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws

49

Ahsc XS-bp-∂p-≠v. sat gvkv NmØp-°p-´n-\m-b¿, \mcmb-W≥ XpSßn F´p-t]¿ tamlm-e-ky-s∏-´-Xn-\m¬ Ahsc s]meo-kp-Im¿ ]I¬ c≠p-a-Wn-tbm-Sp-IqSn Bip-]-{Xn°p sIm≠p-t]m-bn-cn-°p-∂p.

C∂se [¿a-bp-≤-Øn¬ FÆ-s∏´ Hcp hnPbw D≠m-bn.

AbnØ-t°m´ hmXn-ep-Iƒ ]Sn-™m-dp-hi - hpw sX°p-hi - hpw am{X-amWv CXp-hsc \ntcm-[n-°s - ∏-´n-cp-∂X - v. {ioam≥ tPm¿Pv tPmk^v Ah¿I-fpsS \n¿tZ-i-{]-Imcw tIm´-hm-Xn-ep-Iƒ \mepw C∂p-sIm≠v \ntcm-[n-°-s∏-´n-cn-°p-∂p. ]Xn-hp-t]mse-bp≈ aq∂p-kwLw hmf-≠n-b¿am¿ tLmj-bm-{X-bmbn ]pd-s∏´v hSs° \S-bnepw Ingt° \S-bnepw ÿm]n-X-ambn. Cu ÿe-ß-fn¬ Nne Bfp-Iƒ {]Xn_-‘-ß-fp-≠m°m-Xn-cp-∂n-√.' kXym-{K-l-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´ ssZ\w-Zn\ hm¿Ø-Iƒ am{Xa√ Km‘n-Pn-bpsS tIcf kμ¿i-\hpw inh-Kncn kμ¿in®v {io\mcm-b-W-Kp-cp-hp-ambn \S-Ønb N¿®-I-fp-sa√mw tIcf IuapZn hniZambnØs∂ hm¿Ø-bmbn \¬In. tZio-b-{]-ÿm-\-Øn-s\m∏w \thm-∞m-\-{]-ÿm-\-Øns‚ `mK-ambn {]h¿Øn-®-h¿°v hnh-c߃ ]q¿W-tXm-Xn¬ e`y-am-Ip-∂Xpw Bth-i-`-cn-X-am-°p-∂-Xp-ambn-cp∂p B hm¿Ø-I-sf-√mw. ssh°w kXym-{K-lØ - ns\Xnsc kh¿W¿ kzoI-cn-®n-cp∂ \ne]m-Sp-I-fn¬ henb am‰w hcp-Øm\pw A[n-Im-cn-I-fpsS {i≤-Iq-SpX¬ ]Xn-bm\pw D]-I-cn-®-Xm-bn-cp∂p a∂Øv ]fl-\m-`s‚ t\XrXz-Øn¬ \S-Ønb kh¿W-Pm-Y. PmY-bpsS aps∂m-cp-°ß - fpw PmY IS-∂p-t]mb tijw AXp-kw-_-‘n® hm¿Ø-Ifpw \¬In P\ßsf Ne-\m-fl-I-am°n tIcf Iuap-Zn. ssh°-Øp-\n∂v XpSßn Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cØv kam-]n® PmY-bpsS Hmtcm Znh-k-sØbpw dnt∏m¿´p-Iƒ tIcf IuapZn hni-Z-ambnXs∂ \¬In. tUm. \mbnUp-hn-s‚bpw inh-Xm-Wp-]n-≈-bp-sSbpw t\XrXz-Øn¬ \mK¿tImhn-en¬\n∂v Xncp-h\ - ¥-]p-ct- Ø°v ]pd-s∏´ kh¿W-PmYbpw tIcf-Iu-ap-Zn-bpsS Xmfp-I-fn¬ CSw-]n-Sn-®p. PmY ]q¿Øn-bm-b-Xn\v tijw Hcp apJ-{]-kwKw Xs∂ FgpXn tIcf Iuap-Zn. AXn¬]d-bp∂p:

- fpws 50 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

"PmXm AXns‚ I¿Ø-hysØ `wKn-bmbn \n¿h-ln-®p. AXp F¥m-bn-cp∂p? ssh°w tdmUnepw AXp-t]m-se-bp≈ a‰ptdm-Up-I-fnepw Ah¿W-ln-μp-°ƒ°v k©mc kzmX{¥yw \¬Ip-∂-Xn¬ kh¿W-lnμp `qcn-]£w {]Xn-Iq-e-amsW∂v Hcp hmZw Kh¨sa‚ v ]d-™p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂Xv anYy-bmsW∂v ImWn-°-W-sa-∂m-bn-cp∂p PmXm-bpsS Dt±-iyw. CXnt\-°mƒ hy‡-ambpw i‡n-bmbpw kh¿W-lnμp `qcn-]£w shfn-s∏-Sp-Øm\pw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øm\pw CXn-t\-°mƒ kwib-c-ln-X-amw-hÆw B kwKXn Kh¨sa‚ns\ t_m[y-s∏Sp-Øm\pw km[n-°p∂ Hcp "tIm¨Ãn-‰yq-j-W¬ satXUpw' a\p-jy-_p-≤n°v Duln-°p-hm≥ Xs∂ Ign-bp-∂n-√. PmXm sNtø-≠Xv sNbvXp. kXy-{Kl {]ÿm\w kml-k-am-bncp∂p F¶n¬ AXn\v Ah¿ kln-t°-≠-sX√mw kln-®p.

C\n C°m-cy-Øn¬ Kh¨sa‚ v F¥psN-øm-\mWp `mh-sa∂-Xn-s\-∏‰n R߃°v kwi-bta C√. alm-dmWn Xncp-a-\ n-sebpw Znhm≥Pn-bp-sSbpw adp-]Sn ""Bh-iy-°m-cs‚ HuNnXy-_p-≤n°v'' Xr]vXn-I-c-ambn tXm∂p--I-bn-s√∂v R߃°dn-bm-sa-¶nepw Cu adp-]-Sn-Iƒ R-ßsf Xosc \ncm-i-s∏-SpØn-bn-´n-√.' k©m-c-kzm-X-{¥y-Øn-\m-bp≈ IogvPmXn-°m-cpsS t]mcm-´ßƒ°v henb ]n¥p-Wbpw k¿°m-cn\v apJw Xncn-°m≥ ]‰mØ kml-N-cyhpw hcp-∂-Xn-\n-S-bn¬ k©m-c-kzm-X{¥y {]tabw {]Pmk-`-bn¬ t]´-bn¬ ]c-ta-iz-c≥ F∂ Cughs‚ thm´v FXn-cm-bXn-\m¬ ]cm-P-b-s∏´ kw`-h-ap-≠m-bn. Xmgv∂ PmXn-°m-cpsS AhIm-i-t∏m-cm-´-Øn¬ Xmgv∂ PmXn-°m-c≥Xs∂ CSw-tIm-en´ H∂mbn-cp∂p Bkw-`-hw. \thm-∞m\ {]ÿm-\-Øns‚ `mK-ambn \n∂h-cnepw IogvPm-Xn-°m-cpsS CS-bnepw henb Aa¿jhpw \ncm-ibp-amWv AXv krjvSn-®-Xv. {]Pm-k-`-bn¬ F≥ Ipam-c≥ Ah-X-cn∏n® k©m-c-kzm-X{¥y {]tabw ]q¿W-cq-]-Øn¬ sImSpØv tIcf IuapZn A\q-Iqe hnImcw s]mXp-P-\-߃°n-S-bn¬ krjvSn-°p∂-Xn-\n-S-bn-emWv ]c-ta-iz-c≥ {]ta-b-Øn\v FXn-cmb \ne-]m-sSSp-Ø-Xv. Ah¿W\v k©m-c-kzm-X{¥yw t\Sm-\p≈ {iasØ Ah¿W≥ Xs∂ ]cm-P-b-s∏-Sp-Øn-bt√m F∂m-bn-cp∂p XpS¿∂v k©m-ckzm-X-¥y-\n-tj-[-Øn-\mbn \ne-sIm≠ kh¿W-]£w hmZn-®-Xv.

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51

ASpØ \nb-a-k-`-bn¬ Cugh-cpsS {]Xn-\n-[n-bmbn ]c-ta-iz-cs\ ho≠pw t\man-t\‰v sNøm-\p≈ \o°-Øn-s\-Xnsc tIcf IuapZn i‡-ambn cwK-Øp-h-∂p. apJ-{]-kw-K-sa-gp-Xn-bm-bn-cp∂p IuapZn CXn-t\mSv {]Xn-I-cn-®-Xv. "Cugh kap-Zm-bsØ Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ Kh¨sa‚n\v H‰p-sIm-SpØ PqUmkv CkvIm-cn-b-´mWv F∂-Xnt\-°mƒ IqSnb Hcp tbmKy-Xbpw R߃ {ioam≥ ]c-ta-iz-c\n¬ ImWp-∂n√' F∂m-bn-cp∂p 1925 sabv 19 {]kn-≤o-I-cn® apJ{]-kw-K-Ønse tIc-f-Iu-ap-Zn-bpsS hna¿i-\w.

amXr-`q-an-bpsS CS-s]-S1923 am¿®v 17\v ss{Xhm-cn-I-bm-bmWv tImgn-t°m-´p-\n∂v "amXr`qan' {]kn-≤o-I-cWw Bcw-`n-°p-∂-Xv. tZiob {]t£-m`-Øn\v ]{Xß-fpsS th≠{X ]n¥p-W-In-´p-∂n-s√∂ kml-N-cy-Øn¬ {]t£m`-Øn\v t\XrXzw sImSp-Ø-h¿Xs∂ IqSn-bm-tem-Nn-®m-bn-cp∂p "amXr-`q-an-'bpsS ]nd-hn. tZio-b-kzm-X-{¥yhpw AXn-s\m∏w kmaqlnI]cn-jvI-c-Whpw {]Jym-]nX e£y-am-°n-bmWv amXr-`qan ]pdØn-d-ßn-b-Xv. BZy e°-Øn¬Xs∂ ]{X-Øns‚ Dt±-iye-£y߃ hy‡-am-°p∂ {]kvXm-h-\-bpw amXr-`qan \¬In: "a\p-jy-Po-hnXw al-Øm-sbmcp _m[y-X-bm-Wv. B _m[yX \nd-th-‰p-∂-Xn-\p≈ ]q¿W-kzm-X{¥yw F√m a\p-jy¿°pw D≠m-bn-cn-°-Ww. Ah-cpsS _p≤n°pw {]m]vXn°pw A[zm\-Øn\pw bmsXmcp XS- hpw IqSmsX B¿°pw A\p-`-hn°m≥ km[n-°-Ww. AXns\ Ipd-bv°p-hmt\m C√m-Xm-°phm-t\m, a\p-jys‚ kzm`n-am-\sØ £bn-∏n-°p-∂X - nt\m \in∏n-°p-∂-Xnt\m D≈ BNmc k{º-Zm-b-ßtfm \n_-‘-\Itfm a\p-jy-h¿K-Øns‚ A`n-hr-≤n°v ]‰m-Ø-Xp-sIm≠v Ahsb Xosc AI-‰-Ww. F∂m¬, am{Xta temI-Øns‚ kuJyhpw kzX-{¥yhpw kam-[m-\hpw ]q¿W-ambn D≠mIm≥ Xc-ap≈q F∂ \bsØ ASn-ÿm-\-am°n R߃ as‰√m hnj-b-ßfpw ]cn-tim-[n-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cn-°pw' amXr-`qan XpSßn Gsd Xma-kn-bmsX Xs∂-bm-bn-cp∂p ssh°w kXym-{K-l-Øns‚ Bcw-`w. BZy-e-°-Ønse {]kvXm-h-\-bn¬ ]d-

- fpws 52 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

™-Xp-t]mse Xs∂ kzm`n-am\w £bn-∏n-°p∂ BNmc k{º-Zmb-ßsf C√m-Xm-°m≥ IogvPm-Xn-°m¿°pth≠n \S-Ønb ssh°w ka-cØns‚ -hn-P-b-Øn\v "amXr-`qan' AXns‚ k¿h Ign-hp-Ifpw {]tbm-Kn-®p. ssh°w kXym-{KlØn\v aptº Xs∂ \mSns‚ ]e `mK-ß-fnepw XmW-Pm-Xn-°m¿°v t£{X-{]-th-i\w A\p-h-Zn-°p∂-Xn-\p≈ Xocq-am-\-߃ FSp-∏n-°m≥ kh¿Wsc \n¿_-‘n°p∂ \ne-bn-te°v \thm-∞m-\-{]-h¿Ø-I-cpsS {iaw hf¿∂n-cp∂p. sNdnb t£{X-ß-fm-sW-¶n¬t]mepw s]mXp-k-aq-l-Ønse am‰-ß-tfmSv A\q-I-qe-ambn {]Xn-I-cn-°m≥ Xøm-dmb t£{Xm-[nIm-cn-Ifpw, AØcw kw`-h-߃ hm¿Ø-I-fm°n s]mXp-k-aqlsØ Adn-bn® ]{X-ßfpw \thm-∞m-\-ap-t∂-‰-Øns‚ KXnthKØn\v IqSp-X¬ Bthiw ]I¿∂p. AsX√mw "amXr-`qan'bpw hm¿Ø-bm-°n-bn-cp-∂p. ae-_m-dnepw a[y-tI-c-f-Ønepw c≠v t£{Xß-fn¬ PmXn-hy-Xymkw IqSmsX {]th-i\w \¬Im≥ Xocp-am-\n®Xv kw_-‘n®v "amXr-`qan' \¬Inb hm¿Ø Cß-s\-bmWv: "Xe-t»-cn-bn¬ XnøcpsS hIbmbp≈ {ioP-K-∂mY t£{XØn¬ ]peb¿ XpS-ßnb XmW-Pm-Xn-°msc IS-°p-hm≥ A\ph-Zn-t°-≠X - m-sW∂v t£{X-Øns‚ Ducm-f∑ - m¿ Hcp k`IqSn Xo¿®-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-cp-∂p.' ˛amXr`qan 1923 am¿®v 27 "Be-∏p-gbv°v kao-]-ap≈ ]Xn-b-Ip-f-ßc t£{X-Øn¬ h®v Cs°m√w \S-Øn-b-Xmb D’-h-Øn\v \mb-∑m¿ Cug-hsc £Wn-®p-sIm-≠p-t]m-hp-Ibpw Ahsc t£{X-Øn¬ {]thin-∏n-°m≥ A\p-h-Zn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p-hs{X' ˛amXr`qan 1923 am¿®v 31 Abn- t Øm- ® m- S \ {]h¿Ø- \ - ß ƒ tIm¨{Kkv kPo- h - a m°nbt∏mƒ AXn-\p≈ ]q¿W ]n¥pW "amXr--`qan' bn¬\n-∂p-ap≠m- b n. 1924 P\p- h - c n- b n¬ Fd- W m- I p- f Øv tN¿∂ {]tZiv tIm¨{Kkv IΩn‰n tbmKw Abn-tØm-®m-S\ {]h¿Ø-\-߃°v t\XrXzw \evIm-\mbn {]tXyI kanXn°v cq]w\evIn. Sn sI am[-h≥, sI tIf-∏≥ F∂n-h-cpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn-ep-≈-Xm-bn-cp∂p kan-Xn. tIm¨{Kkv sU]yq-t´-j≥ F∂v t]cn´ Cu kanXn Xncphn-Xmw-Iq-dnse-ºmSpw {]Nm-cWw \S-Øn. Cu {]Nm-c-W-ß-fpsS hni-Z-amb hnh-c-W-߃ A∂sØ "amXr-`qan' bnse {][m\

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hm¿Ø-I-fm-bn-cp-∂p. _mcn-ÿ F sI ]n≈bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn-ep-≠m-bn-c∂p "kzcm´v' ]{Xhpw Abn-tØm-®m-S\ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ kPo-h-ambn CS-s]´ H∂m-bn-cp-∂p. 1924- s^{_p-hcn 24\v Abn-tØm-®m-S-\-Øn-s\-Xnsc kp{]-[m\ -Xo-cp-am-\-ß-sf-SpØ kwÿm\ tIm¨{Kkv tbmKw tN¿∂-Xp-Xs∂ "kzcm´v' ]{X-Øns‚ sIm√w Hm^o-kn-em-bn-cp∂p. Abn-tØm-®m-S\ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ ]{X-ß-fpsS kl-IcWw IqSp-X¬ ^e-{]-Z-am-°p-∂-Xn-\m-bn-cp∂p {]kvXpX tbmKw. "ae-bmfn' ]{Xm-[n-]¿ Fw B¿ am[-h hmcn-b¿, "{iohm-gpw-tImSv ]{Xm-[n-]¿ i¶c hmcn-b¿, "ae-bmf cmPyw' ]{Xm-[n-]¿ sI Pn i¶¿ F∂n-h¿ IqSn B tbmK-Øn¬ ]s¶-Sp-Øn-cp-∂p. Cu tbmK Xocp-am-\-ßsf A`n-\-μn-®p-sIm≠v "amXr-`qan' apJ-{]-kwKw Xs∂ Fgp-Xn. AXn{]Im-c-amWv: "tIcf kwÿm\ tIm¨{Kkv IΩn‰nbpsS B`n-ap-Jy-ØnG¿s∏- S p- Ø o- ´ p≈ Abn- t Øm- ® m- S \°- Ω n- ‰ n- AXns‚ {]hrØn Pm{K-X-bmbn Bcw-`n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Ign™ Aev] Znh-k߃°p-≈n¬ Xs∂ Ah¿°v, Ah-cpsS D’m-lØm¬ s]mXp-P\ßfpsS {i≤-sb Cu hnj-b-Øn-te°v BI¿jn-°m≥ Ign-™n-´p-≠v' ssh°w kXym-{KlØn¬ hm¿Ø-Iƒ \¬Ip-I-sb-∂-Xn-ep-]cn t\cn-´p≈ CS-s]-S-em-bn-cp∂p amXr-`qan \S-Øn-b-Xv. ]{Xm-[n-]¿ sI ]n tIi-ht- a-t\m\pw amt\-Pcpw AdÃp hcn®v Pbn-en¬ t]mIp∂- ÿnXn-bp-≠m-bn. "t\Xm-°sf in£n®p' F∂ Xe-s°-t´m-sSbm-bn-cp∂p 1924 G{]n¬ F´ns‚ amXr-`qan Cu hm¿Ø \evIn-bXv. hm¿Ø \¬IpI am{X-a-√, Ad-Ãv hcn-°-s∏´ ]{Xm-[n-]¿ sI ]n tIi-h-ta-t\m≥ t]cp-sh®v {]tXyI apJ-{]-kwKw Fgp-Xp-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]{X-Øn-s‚ e£yhpw {]hr-Ønbpw Fs¥∂v Hcn-°IqSn Bh¿Øn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p sI ]n tIihtat\m≥ apJ-{]kwKØn¬: "GsXmcp Imcy-Øn-\p-th-≠n-bmtWm Ign™ Hcp sIm√Øn-e-[n-I-ambn amXr-`qan ]cn-{i-an-®p-h-∂n-cp-∂-Xv, B ImcyØn-\p-th-≠n-X-s∂-bmWv Ct∏mƒ F\n°v AXns\ ]ncn-

- fpws 54 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

™n-cn-t°-≠n-h-∂n-´p-≈-Xpw. Xo≠epw Abn-Øhpw tIc-fØn¬\n∂p \o°p-∂-Xn\p amXr-`qan B∏o-kn¬ Ccn-°p-∂Xn-t\-°mƒ Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dnse XS-hp-ap-dn-bn-en-cn-°p-∂-XmWv A[nIw {]tbm-P\Ic-am-bn-cn-°p-∂-sX-¶n¬ B hmk-Øn¬F∂n¬ H´pwIpd- b mØ kt¥mjw {]nb- s ∏´ hmb- \ °m¿°pw D≠m-Ip-∂-Xm-sW-∂p-≈-Xn\p kwi-b-an√.' ssh°w kXym-{K-l-Øn-s‚bpw Abn-tØm-®m-S\ ka-c-Øns‚bpw ASpØ L´-am-bn-cp∂p kh¿W-Pm-Y. 1924 \hw-_¿ BZyw a∂-Øp-]-fl-\m-`s‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ \qdp kh¿W lnμp-°ƒ ASßnb PmY ssh°-Øp-\n∂pw Im¬\-S-bmbn Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ almdmWn tkXp-e-£van-`m-bn°v l¿Pn \¬Im-\mbn ]pd-s∏-´p. F√m s]mXp-\n-c-Øp-Ifpw s]mXp ÿm]-\-ßfpw PmXn-aX t`Z-at\y F√m-h¿°pw Xpd-∂p-sIm-Sp-°s - a∂m-hi - y-s∏´v alm-dm-Wn-°v \nthZ\w \¬Ip-∂-Xn-\m-bn-cp∂p PmY. AXn-s\m∏w Abn-tØm-®m-S-\Øn¬ P\-ßsf t_m[-h-XvI-cn-°p-I IqSn Dt±-iy-am-bn-cp-∂p.

Ah¿Ws‚ hgn-\-S-∏-h-Im-i-Øn-\mbn kh¿W¿ \S-Ønb PmY, AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ henb {][m\yw t\Sn. Abn-tØm-®m-S\ {]Nmc-W-Øn¬ ap≥\n-c-bn-em-bn-cp∂ F√m ]{X-ßfpw henb {]m[m\y-tØmsS CXp-kw-_-‘n® hm¿Ø-Iƒ \evIn.

Kpcp-hm-bq¿ kXym-{K-lhpw am[y-a-ßfpw ssh°w kXym{Klw \S∂v Ggp h¿j-Øn\v tij-amWv Kpcphm-bq¿ kXym-{K-lw. tIm¨{K-kv ap≥ssI FSp-ØmWv Kpcp-hmbq¿ kXym-{Klw \S-Øn-bXv. kXym-{K-lØns‚ aps∂m-cp-°ßƒ amk-߃°p-aptº Xs∂ XpS-ßn-bn-cp-∂p. 1931 sabn¬ hSI-c-bn¬ \S∂ tIm¨{Kkv cmjv{Sob ktΩ-f-\-Øn-emWv Kpcp-hmbq¿ kXym-{K-l-Øns‚ N¿®-I-fpsS XpS°w. t£{X {]th-i-\sa∂ Bhiyw kh¿W lnμp-°-fpsS hnIm-csØ {hW-s∏-Sp-Øpsa∂pw AXv Ac-£n-Xm-h-ÿ-bpsS A¥-co£w krjvSn-°p-sa∂ i‡nbmb hmZ-Øn-\n-S-bn-em-bn-cp∂p Kpcp-hm-bq¿ kXym-{K-lØns‚ Btem-N-\-Iƒ \S-°p-∂-Xv. ]e coXn-bn¬ kXym-{Kl \o°sØ ]n¥n-cn-∏n-°m≥ {iaw \S-∂p-sh-¶nepw ka-c-hp-ambn apt∂m-´p-t]m-Im-\m-bn-cp∂p tIm¨{Kkv t\Xm-°-fp-sS Xocp-am-\w.

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kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws

55

AXn\v apºv hen-b-tXm-Xn-ep≈ {]Nm-cW {]h¿Ø-\-߃ \SØm\pw tIm¨{Kkv Xocp-am-\n-®p. Cu {]Nm-c-W-ß-fn¬ G‰hpw ap∂n¬ amXr-`q-an-bm-bn-cp-∂p. kXym-{K-l-Øn\v Hcp-ßm-\mbn Blzm\w sNbvXv sI. tIf-∏≥ Im™ßmSv ]pXnb tIm´-bn\-S-Ønb {]kw-KsØ XpS¿∂v amXr-`qan Hcp apJ-{]-kwKw FgpXn. "k∂-≤-cm-bn-cn-°pI' F∂v Blzm\w sNbvXp≈ apJ{]kwKw Cß-s\-bm-bn-cp∂p: "tIm¨{K-kn¬ AwK-ß-fmbn tN¿∂n-´p-≈-hcpw A√m-Øhcpamb kI-e tIc-fo-b-cp-sSbpw khn-ti-j-amb {i≤ ]Xntb≠ Hcp {]kw-K-am-W-Xv. tIm¨{K-kns‚ Ct∏m-gsØ \nebpw `mhnbpw C{X hni-Z-am-°n-s°m-≠ps≈mcp {]kvXmh\ tIc-fo-b¿°v tIc-f-Øn¬\n∂v e`n-®n-´p-≠m-hn-√. A\mNm-c-ßfpw Zpcm-Nm-c-ßfpw sIm≠v Ip{]-kn-≤n-s]‰v tIc-fØn¬ CØ-c-samcp {]kw-K-Øn\pw k¿h{X kzmKXw e`n°p-I-bn-√m-bn-cn-°mw. F∂m¬, [oc-amb B {]kvXm-h\ BZ¿i-im-en-I-fpsS A\yq--\-amb A`n-\-μ\ -- -sØ A¿ln-°p∂p. Bcpw XpW-bn-√mØ ]mh-s∏´-h-cpsS lrZbw Ipfn¿∏n°p-∂p.'

CXn-eqsS Kpcp-hm-bq¿ kXym-{K-l-Øns‚ {]Nm-cWw amXr-`qan Gs‰-Sp-°p-Ibm-bn-cp-∂p. XpS¿∂-tßm´v \nc¥c hm¿Ø-Ifpw \nch[n apJ-{]-kw-K-ß-fp-amWv amXr-`qan Fgp-Xn-b-Xv. CsX-√mw, H∂pIn¬ ka-cm-thiw Pzen-∏n-°p-∂tXm As√-¶n¬ bmYm-ÿn-XnI kh¿W-cpsS \ne-]m-Sp-Isf cq£-ambn hna¿in-°p-∂-tXm Bbncp-∂p. kXym-{Kl-Øns‚ {]Nm-c-Øn-\mbn hnhn[ ÿe-ß-fn\S-°p∂ {]h¿Ø-\-߃ hni-Z-ambn \¬Ip-∂-Xn-s\m∏w Xs∂, kXym-{KlsØ t\cn-Sm-\mbn Kpcp-hm-bq-cn¬ kh¿W¿ \S-Ønh∂ {ia-߃ P\-ß-fn-se-Øn-°m\pw amXr-`qan Xøm-dm-bn. kXym{K-ln-I-fpsS ZrV-Nn-Ø-X, kac apJsØ t\Xm-°-fpsS CS-s]-Sep-Iƒ, ka-c-]p-tcm-K-Xn-s°m∏w P\-ß-fn-e-Xp-≠m-°p∂ Bth-is∏-cp-°w, kXym{K hntcm-[n-I-fmb t£{Xm-[n-Im-cn-I-fp-sSbpw kh¿W-ln-μp-°-fp-sSbpw {]Xn-tema {]h¿Ø-\-߃, kacw XI¿°m≥ sNøp∂ KqV-\o-°-߃ F∂n-h-b√mw amXr-`q-an-bnhni-Z-ambn Xs∂ h∂p. tIc-f-Øn\v ]pd-Øp-\n-∂p≈, {]Xn-I-cßfpw t\Xm-°-fpsS {]kw-K-ßfpw {]tXyIw Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn. {]Xn-

- fpws 56 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

Zn\ hm¿Ø- I ƒ°pw apJ- { ]- k w- K Øn\pw ]pdsa "temIhpw temIcpw', "]ecpw ]eXpw' XpS-ßnb ]w‡n-Ifpw kXym-{K-lhpambn _‘-s∏´ Ipdn-∏p-Iƒ°mbn \o°n-sh®p. kw`-h-߃ dnt∏m¿´v sNøp-∂-Xn-\-∏pdw kXym-{KlsØ XSbm-\mbn t£{X-`m-c-hm-ln-Iƒ \S-Øp∂ aps∂m-cp-°-ƒ XI¿°m≥ P\-ßsf Blzm\w sNøp-∂- hm¿Ø-Iƒ AXn\v aptº Xs∂ amXr-`qan \evIn-bn-cp-∂p. 1931 HIvtSm-_¿ 29se amXr-`qan FgpXn: "kXym- { K- l n- I sf XS- b p- h m≥th≠ F√m Hcp- ° - ß fpw t£{X-`m-c-hm-ln-Iƒ sNbvXp XpS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. \mep \Sbnepw hÆ-ap≈ sXßp-XSn \m´n ap≈p-then sI´n-Øp-Sßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. tdmUn\v a[y-Øn-embn Hcp Imdn\v t]mIphm≥ am{Xw hgnbpw, AXn\v hmXnepw D≠v. Ingt° \S-bnep≈ Ben\p kao]w hsc Xoø¿ t]mhpI ]Xn-hm-Wv. F∂m¬, Ct∏mƒ then sI´o-´p-≈-Xv Ahn-sS-\n∂pw Npcpßn-bXv 20 hmc Ing-°p-am-dn-bm-Wv. CXp tZhkzw A[n-IrX¿°v sNøp-hm≥ ]mSp-≈-X-√. s]mXp-P-\-߃°v KXm-KXw sNøp-hm≥ A[n-Im-c-ap≈ s]mXp-tdm-Un¬ sI´p∂ then s]mfn-®p-\o-°phm≥ s]mXp-P-\-߃°v A[n-Im-c-ap-≈-Xm-Wv. kzm`n-am-\-ap≈ s]mXp-P-\-߃ Ah-cpsS A[n-Imcw hn´psIm-SpØp au\w Zo£n-°n-s√∂p hniz-kn-°p-∂p.' t£{X-`m-c-hm-ln-Iƒs°-Xnsc am{X-a-√, kmaq-Xncn cmPm-hns\ Xs∂ i‡-ambn FXn¿°p-∂-Xn\v amXr-`qan k∂-≤-am-bn. t£{X \S Xpdp-∂p-sIm-Sp-°m≥ hnk-Ω-Xn-°p∂ kmaq-Xn-cnsb AXn cq£am-b-amb `mj-bn-em-bn-cp∂p amXr-`qan t\cn-´-Xv. NneXv D]-tZi cq]-Øn-em-bn-cp-∂p. a‰p-Nn-eXv ap∂-dn-∏p-I-fpsS cq]-Øn-epw. t£{Xhm-Xn-ep-Iƒ Xpd-°-W-sa-∂m-h-iy-s∏´p≈ sI tIf-∏ns‚ IØn\v \ntj[ cq]-Øn¬ kmaq-Xncn adp-]Sn \evIn-b-t∏mƒ amXr-`qan FgpXnb "kXy-i-‡n-bpsS KoXw' F∂ Ipdn∏v Hcp ap∂-dn-bn∏mbn-cp-∂p. AXn-XmWv: "Kpcp-hm-bqcº-e-tØbpw Kpcp-hm-bq-c-∏-t\bpw Np‰n-∏n-W-™ncn-°p∂ ap≈p-then am{X-a-√, tIc-f-Øn¬ C∂v ]e-ÿeØpw hf¿∂p ImSp sI´n Ccp-´p-d™p InS-°p∂ A{I-aamb bmYm-ÿn-XnI ap≈p-]-S-e-ßsfsb√mw Zln-∏n-°m≥

ss\-an-im-c-Wyw--

kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws

57

t]mcp∂ kXym-{Kl h”n-bmWv Kpcq-hm-bq¿ t£{X-k-∂n[n-bn¬ \hw-º¿ 1˛mw XoøXn sImfp-Øp-hm≥ t]mIp-∂sX∂v Ch-c-dn-bp-∂n-√. Cu aml-h-”n, Cu bmKm-·n, ]peb-s‚bpw {_m“-W-s‚bpw lrt±-i-Øn¬ t`Z-sas\y IpSnsIm-≈p∂ kXy-i-‡n-X-s∂-bm-sW∂pw Ch-tcm¿°p-∂n-√.'

Kpcp-hm-bq¿ kXym-{Klw XpS-ßnb 1931 \whw-_¿ H∂n\v "hmXnep-Iƒ Xpd-°ptam?' F∂v tNmZn-®p≈ apJ-{]-kw-K-tØm-sS-bmWv amXr-`qan ]pd-Øn-d-ßn-b-Xv. B apJ-{]-kw-K-Øn¬ kmaq-Xn-cn-tbmSv ]d-™Xv t\m°pI: "CtX-hsc B t£{XØn¬ Bcm-[m-\m-kzm-X{¥yw \ntj[n- ° - s ∏´ lnμp- ° ƒ°p taen- s e- ¶ nepw AhnsS B kzmX{¥yw A\p-h-Zn-°p-I. Aßs\ sNbvXm¬ Aßbv°v `mhn Ncn-{X-Im-c≥ hnime lrZ-b\pw A\p-I-ºm-]q¿Æ\pamb kmaq-Xn-cn-∏m-sS∂ aml-\o-b-amb A`n-[m\w \¬In, Aß-sb _lp-am-\n-bv°pw. A√m-Xn-cp-∂m¬ C∂sØ Cu ZpjvIr-X-Øn-\p≈ ^ew, Hcp ]s£, A\p-`-hn-°m-\n-S-h-t∂°m-hp∂ Aß-bpsS A¥-c-Km-an-Iƒ Aß-bpsS ih-°-√-dI-fn-temfw h∂v Aßsb ]gn-°p-hm-\nS hcpw.' kXym-{Klw XpS-ßnb hm¿Ø amXr-`qan \evIn-bXv Cß-s\bmWv: "kXym-{K-lhn-tcm-[n-I-fpsS \bw Iem-]-Øn\v hfsc A\pIq-e-am-bn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬°qSn, C∂sØ kXym-{Klw im¥ambn \S-∂p. Ingt° \S-bv°¬ {ioam-∑m¿ a∂Øp ]fl\m`]n≈, tIf-∏≥, {ioa-Xn-am¿ cp‹nWn AΩ, Im¿Øymb\n AΩ apX-em-b-h-cpsS t\XrXz-Øn-ep≈ Hcp hºn® tLmj-bm-{X-bpsS AI-ºSn-tbmSp IqSn H∂m-asØ hf-≠nb¿ kwLw t£{X-{]-th-i-\-Øn-\mbn h∂p\n∂-t∏m-gsØ ImgvN hfsc a¿Ω-kv]r-°m-bn-cp-∂p. B¿Ø-{Xm-W-]-cm-bWm, Zo\-_-t‘m, ssIS-`m-tc, a[p-kq-Z-\m, Icp-Wm-aq¿tØ apX-emb `K-h-∂m-a-ß-f-S-ßnb Io¿Ø-\-߃ sNm√n, apIpfo-Ir-X-l-kvX-∑m-cmbn h∂ `K-h-±¿i-t\-—p-°-fmb `-‡-kXym-{K-ln-Isf "t]m, t]m, CXp Rß-fp-tS-XmWv' F∂p

- fpws 58 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

XpS-ßnb A]-i-_vZ-ß-sf-s°m-≠mWv `K-hms‚ t]cpw ]d™v DZcw `cn-°p∂ t£{X-]-cn-Nm-c-I-∑m¿ kzmKXw ]d™-Xv.' ka-c-hn-tcm-[n-I-fmb kh¿W¿°p-t\sc amXr-`q-an-bpsS `mjmIm¿°iyw shfn-hm-Ip∂Xmbn-cp∂p as‰mcp apJ-{]-kw-Kw. Unkw_¿ c≠n\v kXym-{K-l-a-\p-jvSn® 12 hb- p≈ DÆn-Ir-jvW-s\∂ BZn-tI-cf hn`m-K-Øn¬s]´ Ip´nsb Xriq-cnse aptØ-SØv am[h-ta-t\m≥ F∂ h°o-ens‚ ss{Uh¿ It≠mØv IrjvW≥ \ºym¿ sNIn-S-Ø-Sn® kw`-h-Øn-em-bn-cp∂p B apJ-{]-kw-Kw. Unkw-_¿ Bdn\v "Kpcp-hm-bq-cn¬\n∂v' F∂ t]cn-se-gp-Xnb apJ{]-kw-K-Øn-eqsS amXr-`qan ]d-™p: "Kp-cp-hm-bq-cn¬ kXym-{Klw Bcw-`n-®-Xn-\p-tijw kXym{K-ln-Isf iIm-cn-°p-Ibpw ]nSn®p X≈p-Ibpa-√m-sX, ASn°p-I-sb-∂-Xp-≠m-bXv CZw-{]-Y-a-am-Wv. Ahn-SsØ bmYmÿn-I-∑m¿ AwKo-I-cn-°m≥ t]mIp∂ \b-Øns‚ Hcp kqN\-bmtWm CXv F∂p R߃ Adn-bp-∂n-√. Aßns\ Adnbp-∂-Xp-hsc CXv Hcp-hI {`m¥ns‚ Zpt›-jvTn-X-sat∂ R߃ IW-°m-°p-∂p-≈q. ASn sIm≠Xv ]{¥≠v hb- pam{Xw {]mb-ap≈ Hcp BZn-{Zm-hn-U-_m-e-\m-Wv. Icn-¶-√pt]mse IdpØ Hcp lrZ-bsØ s]mXn-™p-≈n¬ sh® Hcp kh¿Æs‚ Iøm¬ thZ\ ]q≠n´pw B Ip´n ""]p©n-cn-\pc ]q≠ Np≠ev]w ]nf¿ØpI''tb sNbvXp-≈q-sh∂p ImWp∂p. CXmWv Cu kw`-h-Ønse tim`-\-amb `mKw. Xs∂ ASn® A{I-an-bpsS ta¬t]mepw kt¥m-jm-arXw s]mgn-bphm≥ am{Xw hb- p ]{¥-≠m-Ip-tº-tg°pw kwkvImcw kºmZn® B "IdpØ Ip´n'sbhnsS? Cu A{I-a-Øn¬ A`n-am\w ]q≠ kh¿Æ-s\-hnsS? ]{¥≠p hb- p-am{Xw sN∂ Hcp Iq´n-sb-˛-AXpw Alnw-km-\n-jvT-\m-sbmcp kXym-{K-ln-sb˛-X-√n-bXv Hcp BW-Ø-ambn B \ºym¿ Icp-Xp∂p-s≠¶n¬, AXn¬∏cw Hcp sauVyw At±-l-Øn-\p-≠-m-hm-\n√.' kXym-{Klw ]ptcm-Ka - n-°p-∂X - n-\n-Sb - n¬ {iotIm-hn-en\v ap∂nse

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kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws

59

aWn-b-Sn® ]n IrjvW-∏n-≈-sbbpw c≠p Znhkw Ign™v, hmf≠n-b¿ Iym]v‰-\mb F. sI tKm]m-e-s\bpw kXym-{Kl hntcm[n-I-fmb kh¿W¿ a¿Zn® kw`-h-Ønepw ka-c-hp-ambn _‘s∏´v Km‘nPnbpsS CS-s]-S-ens\ Ipdn®pw hni-Z-amb hm¿ØIfpw apJ-{]-kw-K-ßfpw Fgp-Xn. tIc-f-Øn¬ kzmX{¥y ka-cØns‚bpw Abn-tØm-®m-S-\-Øns‚bpw ap≥\n-c-bn¬ Htc t\Xm°-fm-bn-cp-∂-Xn-\m¬ Kpcp-hm-bq¿ kXym-{Klw XpS-ßn-b-tXmsS kzmX{¥y ka-c-Øns‚ XojvW-Xbv°v Aev]w tIm´w kw`-hn-®ncp-∂p. cmPy-sa-ºmSpw kzmX-{¥y-k-acw sImSp-ºn-cn-s°m-≈p-tºmƒ tIc- f - Ø n¬ A\m- N m- c - ß ƒ C√m- X m- ° m- \ p≈ ka- c - Ø n\v Du∂¬sIm-Sp-ØXv kac t\Xm-°-fn¬Xs∂ Bfl-kw-L¿j-Øn\n-S-bm-°n. GXn\v {]m[m\yw \¬Ip-sa-∂-Xmbn-cp∂p Bi-b-°pg-∏w. HSp-hn¬, tZiob t\Xm-°-fpsS D]-tZ-i-tØm-sS, kmap-Zmbn-Im-k-a-Xz-߃ \ne-\n¬°p-tºmƒ e`n-°p∂ kzmX-{¥y-Øn\v A¿Y-an-s√∂v {]Jym-]n®v sI tIf-∏≥ Kpcp-hm-bq¿ kXym-{K-l-hpambn apt∂m-´p-t]m-bn. kXym-{Kl t\Xm-°-fpsS Cu Xocp-am-\-w henb {]m[m\yw \¬In-bmWv amXr-`qan {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®-Xv. ]n∂oSv sI tIf-∏≥ \ncm-lm-c-{hXw Bcw-`n-®-t∏mgpw AXv XpS-cp-∂-Xn\n-S-bn¬ kacw Ah-km-\n-∏n-°m-\p≈ Km‘n-Pn-bpsS \nc-¥c kΩ¿±ßƒ tIf-∏≥ Xnc-kvI-cn-°p-tºm-gp-sa√mw AXns‚ \ymb߃ hni-Za - m-°n-bp-≈X - m-bn-cp∂p amXr-`q-an-bpsS hm¿Ø-Ifpw apJ{]-kw-K-ß-fpw. ka-c-`-S-∑m-cn¬am-{X-a-√, \msS-ßp-ap≈ Ah¿Wcn¬ Db¿sØ-gp-t∂¬]ns‚ C‘\w ]I¿∂p \¬In-b-Xn-s\m∏w kh¿W-cpsS at\m-`m-h-Øn¬ am‰w hcp-Øm-\p-X-Ip-∂Xp IqSn-bmbn-cp∂p amXr-`q-an-bpsS CS-s]-S¬.

at\m-cabpsS kq£va-Np-h-Sp-Iƒ tZiob{]ÿm-\-Øns‚ {]h¿Ø-\-߃°v henb ]n¥p-Wsbm∂pw \¬Im-Xn-cp∂ ae-bmf at\m-cabv°pw kmaq-lnI ]cnjvI-c-W-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-tfmSv apJw-Xn-cn-°m≥ km[n-°pam-bn-cp-∂n√. "PmXn-aX - m-Zn-]£w IqSm-sX-bp≈ Hcp h¿Ø-am-\] - {Xw' BbmWv ae-bmf at\m-ca {]h¿Øn-°p-I-sb∂ {]Jym-]-\w icn-sh-®psIm≠v A∂v Ah-iX - b - \ - p-`h - n-°p∂ Ah¿W kap-Zm-bß - f - p-sSbpw Aln-μp-°-fp-sSbpw {]iv\-ß-fn-te°v XpS°w apX¬ {i≤-bq-∂m≥

- fpws 60 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

ae-bmf at\m-ca Xøm-dm-bn. ap∂m-°-hn-`mKw Xo≠m-∏m-SI-eØv am{Xw \n¿Øn-bn-cp∂ ]pe-b-cp-sSbpw a‰v A[-ÿn-X-cp-sSbpw kmaqlnI kml-Nc - y-߃ Xpd-∂p-Im-Wn-°p-∂X - m-bn-cp∂p ae-bmf at\mc-a-bn¬ h∂ teJ-\-߃. F√m-h¿°pw hnZym-`ymkw \¬Ip-Isb∂ anj-\dn {]h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ kzm[o\w hnZym-`ymk cwKØv IqSp-X¬ {i≤-bq-∂p-∂Xn\v at\m-c-a-sbbpw t{]cn-∏n-®-Xmbn ImWmw. ]pe-b¿ Dƒs∏-sS A[-ÿn-X-cmbn IW-°m-°n-b- hn-`mK-Øn\v hnZym-`ymkw \¬tI-≠-Xns‚ Bh-iy-I-X-bn-eq∂n "]pebcpsS hnZym-`ymkw' F∂ t]cn¬ teJ\w \¬In XpS-°-Ønat\m-c-a. ]n∂o-Sv, PmXn-hy-h-ÿ-bnse hnth-N-\-߃ Nq≠n-°m´n "tIc-f-Ønse IogvPm-Xn-°m¿' , "PmXn-h-g°v' XpS-ßnb teJ-\ßfpw at\m-ca {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®p.

XpS¿∂v kmaq-lnI ]cn-jvI-cW {]ÿm-\-߃ i‡n-s∏-Sp-ØpIbpw kaq-l-Øn¬ AXns‚ Ne-\-߃ hen-b-tXm-Xn-ep-≠m-hpIbpwsN-bvX-t∏mƒ at\m-ca AXn-s\m∏w \ne-bp-dn-∏n-®p. sI.-kn. ama≥ am∏n-f-bn-te°v At∏m-tg°pw ]{X-Øns‚ t\XrXzw FØnbn-cp-∂p. ssh°w kXym-{KlØn\v P\-]n-¥p-WI - q-´p∂ Imcy-Ønae-bmf at\m-ca \S-Ønb CS-s]-S-ep-Ifpw hfsc hep-Xm-Wv. ]{Xm[n-]¿ Xs∂ hy‡-amb \ne-]m-sS-Sp-Øp-sIm≠v \thm-∞m-\-apt∂-‰-Øns‚ `mK-ambn F∂-XmWv Cu L´-Øn¬ ae-bmf at\mc-ab - psS hm¿Øm-hn-\ym-kØ - n¬\n∂v hy‡-am-Ip-∂X - v. kw`-hß - ƒ dnt∏m¿´v sNøp-∂-Xn-\-∏pdw IogvPm-Xn-°m¿ D∂-bn-°p∂ kmaplnI ka-Xz-hm-Z-Øn¬ \ymb-ap-s≠∂ \ne-]m-sS-Sp-°m\pw AXn\mbn ]{X-Øn-eq-sSbpw ]pdØpw {]h¿Øn-°m\pw sI.kn. ama≥am∏nf Xøm-dm-bn-cp-∂p.

1924 am¿®v 29\v "Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dnse Abn-tØm-®m-S\w' F∂ Xe-s°-´n¬ ae-b-f-a-t\mca Hcp apJ-{]-kw-Kw Xs∂-sb-gp-Xn. kmaqlnI A\m-Nm-c-Øns‚ bmYm¿Yyw t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ \ne-bnepw ssh°w kXym-{K-l-Øn\v Km‘n-Pn-bpƒ∏-sS-bp-≈-h¿ \¬Ip∂ ]n¥p-W-bpsS {]m[m\yw hy‡-am-°n-bp-≈-Xp-am-bn-cp∂p at\m-c-abpsS apJ-{]-kw-Kw. AXv XpS-ßp-∂-Xp-Xs∂ Cß-s\-bm-Wv: "C¥y-sbm-´p°v A[-IrX h¿§-°m-sc∂v KWn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h¿ kh¿W-ln-μp-°sf sXm´m¬ Aip-≤n-bmbn-t∏m-Ip-sa-s∂mcp

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kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws

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[mcW -Zq-co-I-cn-°emWv al-flm-Km‘n Dƒs∏-sS-bp≈ bYm¿Y tZim-`n-am-\n-I-fpsS Ct∏m-gsØ k¿h-{]-[m-\-amb {]b-Xv\w. F∂m¬, C¥y-bnse Hcp `mK-amb tIc-f-cm-PyØn¬ sXmSo¬sIm≠pam{X-a-√, kmao-]yw-sIm-≠pw, Z¿i\w-sIm-≠p-t]mepw Db¿∂ PmXn-°m¿°v Aip-≤n-bp-≠m-bnt∏m-Ip-sa-∂-Xn-s\-∏‰n B¿°pw bmsXmcp kwi-b-hp-an-√. hnth-Im-\-μ-kzman tIc-f-Øn¬ kμ¿in-®-t∏m-gmWv Cßs\- b p≈ kwKXn temIsØhn- s S- s b- ¶ nepw Ds≠∂ kwKXn At±lw [cn-°m-\n-S-bm-b-Xv. Db¿∂ PmXn-°m¿ XmW-Pm-Xn-°msc B´nZq-sc-am-‰p-∂Xpw XmW-Pm-Xn-°m¿ AI-e-Øn-tem-Sn-t∏m-Ip-∂Xpw a‰pw I≠n´v ae-bm-f-cm-Py-Øp≈-h-sc√mw Hcp-hI {`m¥-∑m-cm-sW∂mWv At±lw A`n{]m-b-s∏-´-Xv. a{Zmkv apX-emb cmPy-ß-fn¬ ]d-b¿ apX-emb-h-cp-am-bn-t∏mepw sXmSo¬ Hgn®v a‰v s]cp-am-‰-ß-sf√mw bmsXm-cp-Xcw Aip-≤n-tZm-jhpw IqSmsX \S-Øn-h-cp∂ Xangv{_m-“W - ¿, sh≈m-f¿ apX-em-bh - cpw ae-bm-fØ - p-hc - p-tºmƒ ]pe-b¿, ]d-b¿ apX-e-bm-hsc am{X-a√ kmaq-ln-I ÿnXnbnepw _p≤n-i-‡n-bnepw a‰pw hfsc Db¿∂ Hcp ÿm\Øn-\¿l-X-bp≈ Cug-h-sc-t∏mepw B´n-tbm-Sn-°p-∂-Xp-I≠m¬ t\cw-t]mt°m tIm]tam k¶-Stam GXp-hn-Im-c-amWv IqSp-X-embn i‡n-s∏-Sp-∂-sX∂v Xo¿®-]-d-bm-\m-hp-∂-X√' ˛a-e-bm-f-a-t\m-c-a, 1924 am¿®v 29 PmXn hnth-N-\-Øn-s\-Xnsc \ne-]m-sS-Sp-Øv as‰mcp apJ-{]kwKw 1924 Pq¨ 5\v "at\m-ca' \¬In: "Hcp PmXn as‰mcp PmXn-tb-°mƒ XmW-Xm-sW∂pw AXpsIm≠v Ah¿°p ]ucm-h-Imi kaXzw A\p-`-hn-®p-sIm-Sp°m≥ ]mSn-s√∂pw imTyw ]nSn-°p-∂Xpaq-e-am-Ip∂p C¥ybnse ]e-ÿ-e-ß-fnepw t£m`-ßfpw Ie-l-ßfpw D≠mbn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂X - v. C\n-bp-sa-¶nepw Cu Ak-aX - I - ƒ C√mXm- ° p- ∂ - X n\p Kh¨sa‚pw P\- ß fpw GtIm- ] n- ∏ n®p {]h¿Øn-°p∂ ]£w cmPyØp kam-[m-\hpw sFIyhpw sFiz-cyhpw D≠m-Ip-∂-Xm-Wv.' {ioaqew {]Pm-k-`-bn¬ AwK-am-bn-cp∂ sI kn ama≥am-∏nf

- fpws 62 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

B thZnbpw kmaq-lnI ]cn-jvI-c-Ww km[y-am-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ H∂m°n D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bp-≠m-bn. Ahi P\-hn-`m-K-߃°v \oXn-e` - n-t°-≠X - ns\ Ipdn-®pw, ssh°w t£{X-Øn\p Np‰pw a‰pPmXn-°m¿°pw k©m-c-kzm-X{¥yw \¬Ip-∂-Xn-s\-]-‰nbpw PmXn-hnth-N-\-sØ-°p-dn®pw {ioaqew {]Pm-k-`-bn¬ {it≤-b-amb {]kwK-߃ sIkn ama≥am-∏nf sNbvXn-cp-∂p. {]Pm-k-`-bn¬ kzoIcn® Cu \ne-]m-Sp-I-fpsS XpS¿®, AXn-t\-°mƒ i‡-ambpw hn]pe-ambpw ]{X-Øn-eqsS {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-I-bmWv at\m-ca sNbvX-Xv. PmXnhn-th-N\ - Ø - n-s\-Xnsc CØcw \ne-]m-Sp-Iƒ at\m-ca kzoIcn-®n-´p-s≠-¶nepw kh¿Wsc {]oWn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw IogvPm-Xn°msc Ah-cpsS "I¿Ø-hy-t_m[w' Hm¿an-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pap≈ {ia߃ at\m-c-a-bpsS \ne-]m-Sp-I-fn¬ hmbn-s®-Sp-°m-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Xmgv∂-Pm-Xn-°m-cpsS D∂-a-\-Øn-\mbn hmZn-°p-∂-Xn-\n-S-bnepw Ahsc kap-Zm-b-tPm-en-bn¬ XpS-cp-∂-Xn\v t{]cn-∏n-°p∂ teJ-\ßfpw a‰v Ipdn-∏p-Ifpw at\m-c-a-bn¬ ÿm\w ]nSn-®n-cp-∂-Xmbn ImWmw. "kap-Zm-b-tPmen hfsc t{ijvTamb Hcp tPmen-bm-Ip∂p. kzm¿∞-X-b‰ Cu tPmen-\n-anØw a\p-jy≥ a\p-jy-kvt\-lnI-fm-bn-Øo-cp∂p' F∂ \ne-]mSv sI kn ama≥am-∏nf kzoI-cn-®n-cp∂-XmbmWv At±-lØns‚ Poh-N-cn-{X-Øn¬ Fw sI km\p Nq≠n°m-´p-∂-Xv. "\ΩpsS \m´n-ep≈ ]d-b¿, ]pe-b¿, D≈m-S-∑m¿, hme∑m¿ apX-emb h¿§-°m-cpsS CS-bn¬ \ΩpsS bphm-°ƒ kap-Zmb-the sNøp-∂-]£w Ah¿ ANn-tcW DW¿∂v Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iqdn\v Hcp B`-c-W-am-bn-Øo-cp-∂-XmWv' F∂v 1919¬ sIkn ama≥am∏nf Fgp-Xn-bXmbn FwsI km\p Nq≠n-°m-´p-∂p. PmXn-hn-th-N\-Øn-s\-Xnsc \ne-]m-sS-Sp-Ø-t∏mgpw kap-Zm-bm-[n-jvTn-X-amb sXmgn-en-Sw-hn´v A∂v Iogv-Pm-Xn-°m-cnse ]pXp-X-e-apd \oßp-∂Xn¬ kh¿W-ho-£-W-tIm-Wn-ep≈ Hcp Bi-¶-bm-bn-cp∂p aebmf at\m-c-abpw {]I-Sn-∏n-®-sX∂v CXn¬\n∂pw a\- n-em-°mw. \nh¿Ø\ {]t£m-`-am-bn-cp∂p ]n∂m-°-hn-`m-K-Øns‚ AhIm-i-t∏m-cm-´-Ønse kp{]-[m-\-amb as‰m-c-[ym-bw. P\-kw-Jym-\p]m-Xn-Ia - mbn lnμp-]n-∂m-°h - n-`m-Kß - ƒ°pw a‰v aX-ÿ¿°pw A¿lamb {]mXn-\n[yw e`n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-th-≠n-bp≈ cmjv{So-b-t]m-cm-´am-bn-cp∂p \nh¿Ø\ {]t£m-`-Øn-eqsS Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬ A∂v Ac-tß-dn-b-Xv. CXnepw at\m-ca ap≥\n-c-bn¬\n-∂p≈ {]h¿Ø-

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kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws

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\-߃ \S-Øm≥ Xøm-dm-bn. Xncp-h-√-bn¬\n-∂p≈ "tIcf tkhI≥' F∂ ]{X-Øn¬ "\nh¿Ø\ NcnXw' F∂ Hcp teJ\w hcm-\n-cn-°p∂p F∂ Adn-bn∏v {]ko-≤o-I-cn-®-t∏mƒ ]{X-Øn-s\Xnsc k¿°m¿ \S-]Sn kzoI-cn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. teJ\w {]kn-≤oI-cn-°-cp-sX-∂m-bn-cp∂p k¿°m-cns‚ Xn´q-cw. Cu kw`-h-Ønk¿°m-cn-s\-Xn-sc i‡-amb \ne-]m-Sp-Xs∂ at\m-ca kzoI-cn-®p. apJ-te-J-\-Øn-eqsSbmWv at\m-ca CXns\ hna¿in-®-Xv. "`c-W-X{¥ hnZy-bn¬ A`q-X-]q¿Δ-hpw AXn-hn-Nn-{X-hp-amb Hcp {]iv \ amWv Kh¨sa‚ v Bhn- j v I - c n- ® n- c n- ° p- ∂ - X v .

GsXmcp teJ-\hpw AXv {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®Xn-\p-ti-jw, AXp Ip‰-I-c-am-sW-∂p-I-≠m¬, AXns\ XS-bp-Ibpw {]km-[-IcpsS t]cn¬ \nb-am-\p-k-c-W-amb \S-]-Sn-Iƒ \S-Øp-I-bpamWv \mK- c n- I - X z- Ø ns‚ tei- s a- ¶ n- e p- a p≈ GsXmcp Kh¨sa‚pw sNøm-dp-≈-Xv. A√m-sX, C∂ ]{X-Øn¬ C∂ teJ\w {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°m≥ t]mIp∂p F∂p- tI-´m-ep-S≥ B teJ-\-Øns‚ BIr-Xn, {]Ir-Xn, PmXIw F∂nh ap≥Iq´n KWn®v B teJ-\-in-ip-hns‚ P\\wXs∂ \ntcm[n-°p-∂Xv C∂sØ Hcp ]cn-jvIrX Kh¨sa‚n\pw tbmPn®-X-s√∂v R߃ \n¿hn-i¶w A`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. Zpc-[nImc Zp¿`-cW k{am-´m-bn-cp∂ Iwks\ h[n-°p-hm≥ At±l-Øns‚ ktlm-Zc - n°v Hcp ]p{X≥ P\n-°p-sa∂v tI´v kw{`m¥-\mbn At±lw IrjvW-`-K-hms‚ Ah-Xm-csØ XS-bp-∂Xn\v K¿`n-Wn-bmb ktlm-Z-cn-tbbpw `¿Øm-hn-s\bpw Imte°q´n Imcm-Kr-l-Øn-e-S®v A]m-b-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn\v DZy-an® IY-bmWv Rß-fpsS kvarXn-]-Y-Øn¬ hcp-∂-Xv.' F∂m-bn-

cp∂p Cu kw`-h-Øn-ep≈ at\m-c-a-bpsS hna¿i-\-i-cw. {]mNm-c-Øn¬ C∂p≈ hnImkw at\m-ca A∂v ssIh-cn-®n-´ns√-¶nepw s]mXp-k-aq-l-Øn¬ i‡-amb A`n-{]mb cq]o-I-c-Ww km[y-amIpw hn[w a‰v ]{X-߃ kzoI-cn® \ne-]m-Sn-s\m∏w \thm∞m-\-apt∂-‰sØ i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ at\m-c-a-bpsS \ne-]m-Sp-Ifpw klm-bn-®p-sh-∂Xv FSp-Øp-]-d-tb-≠-Xm-Wv.

A[ymbw aq∂v

kap-Zm-b-]-cn-jvI-cWØns\m∏w PmXn-hn-th-N-\-Øn-s\-Xn-cmb {]t£m-`-߃ \S-∂p-sIm-≠n-cn°p-tºmƒ Xs∂ kzk-ap-Zm-b-Øns‚ ]cn-jvI-c-W-Øn-\p≈ {ia߃ A°m-eØv F√m hn`m-K-ß-fnepw kPo-h-am-bn-cp-∂p. CØcw Imcy-߃ t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw ]{X-ßfpw B\p-Im-en-Ißfpw Xøm-dm-bn. \ºq-Xncnam¿°n-S-bnse ]cn-jvI-cW {]h¿Ø\-߃"DÆn \ºq-Xncn' , "tbmK-t£aw' t]msebp≈ {]kn-≤o-Ic-W-ß-fn-eq-sSbpw \mb-∑m¿°n-S-bnse {]h¿Ø-\-߃ "k¿hokv' t]mep≈- h - b n- e q- s Sbpw Cug- h ¿°n- S - b n¬ \- S ∂ {]h¿Ø- \ ߃"hnthtIm-Zbw "tIcf IuapZn' "anX-hmZn' XpS-ßn-b-bn-eqsSbpsa√mw hm¿Ø-I-fmbpw teJ-\-ß-fmbpw ]pd-sØ-Øn-s°m≠n-cp-∂p. "\hi‡n' , "ktlm-Z-c≥' XpS-ßnb {]kn-≤o-I-c-ßfpw Cu cwKØv henb tXmXn-ep≈ CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ \S-Øn-b-h-bm-bncp-∂p. \nehn-ep≈ kmaq-lnI LS-\-bn¬ kaqe-]-cn-h¿Ø\w Xs∂ e£y-an´ t\Xm-°-fpsS {ia-^ew Xs∂-bm-bn-cp∂p CØcw {]kn-≤o-Ic - W - ß - s - fbpw apt∂m´p \bn-®X - v. Ime-Øn-s\m∏w amdm≥ Xøm-dm-hmsX amaq-ep-I-fn¬ A≈n-∏n-Sn-®n-cn-°p∂ kap-Zmbhcy∑m-scbpw ]pdw temIØv F¥p-\-S-°p-∂p-sh-∂-dn-bmsX HXp-ßn°-gn-bp∂ a‰v kap-Zm-bmw-K-ß-sfbpw ]cn-l-kn-°p-Ibpw t_m[-hXvI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p {]kn-≤o-I-c-W-ß-fnse D≈S-°w. {_-“{io Ipdq¿ DÆn-\-ºq-Xn-cn-∏mSns‚ kvamc-I-ambn \ºq-Xncn bph-P\ kwLw {]kn≤oI-cn® "DÆn \ºq-Xncn' \ºq-Xn-cn-amcpsS IÆp-Xp-d-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-ff i‡-amb {iaw \S-Ønb {]kn-≤o-I-cW-am-bn-cp-∂p. "DÆn \ºq-Xn-cn-amsc DW-cp-hn≥' F∂ t]cn¬ DÆn \ºq-Xcn {]kn-≤o-I-cn® Hcp teJ\Øn¬ Cßs\bmWv ]d-bp∂Xv: "amaq-e\ - p-kc - n-®p≈ ]te G¿∏m-Sp-Ifpw Ime-KX - nbv°p tbmPn°msX Bbn-Øo¿∂n-´p-≠v. Bsc-¶nepw kss[cyw ap-∂n´n-dßn {]h¿Øn-®m¬ams{X Cu \yq\-X-Iƒ ]cn-l-cn-°m-

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hq. bph-P-\-߃°p B ss[cy-ap-≠m-bn-cn-°p-sa-∂p-≈-Xn\v kwi-b-an-√. ]s£ kap-Zmbw AhcpsS {]hr-Øn-am¿§sØ A[n-t£-]n-°p-Ibpw Ah-cn¬\n∂pw AI-∂p-\n¬°p-Ibpw sNbvtX-°mw.' ˛DÆn-\-ºq-Xn-cn, hmeyw 6 e°w 1 BNmc \ho-I-cWw F∂ t]cn¬ DÆn-\-ºq-Xn-cn-bn¬ tImgnt°mSv kmaq-Xncn tImtfPv {]n≥kn-∏mƒ Fw cma-h¿Ω Xºm≥ _nF F¬ Sn Fgp-Xnb teJ-\hpw {it≤-b-am-bn-cp∂p: "Imin-bn¬ KwKm-kv\m-\-Øn\p t]mbnhcp∂ F{X Bfp-IfmWv X߃ B Zn°p-I-fnepw hgn°pw Ic-fm-Nm-c-߃°p ISp-InS \o°p-t]m°p IqSmsX A\p-jvTn®p F∂p Ifhp ]d™v "BNmcn' IfpsS A⁄-Xsb kam-[m-\-s∏-Sp-Øp∂Xv. Xoh-≠n-bnepw Xot_m-´n-epw-sh®p `£-W-]m-\o-b-߃ Ign-°p∂ F{X t]cmWv Hcp I≈w sIm≠v BNm-c-Z-mk∑m-cm-sW∂p a‰p-≈-hsc t_m[n-∏n-°m≥ {ian-°p-∂-Xv. kvIqfp-I-fnepw tImsf-Pp-I-fnepw ]Tn-°p∂ F{X hnZym¿∞nI-fmWv CØcw Ifhp ]d-bm≥ \n¿_-‘n-X-am-Ip-∂Xv. hnPmXnb kw_-‘-ap-≈-hsc Zph-km¿≤-Øn-e-[nIw `mcy-Kr-lØn¬ Ign-®p-Iq-´p-∂-h-cp-amb F{X-sb-{Xm-b-fp-I-fmWv kz—m\p-kc - Ww BNm-ch - n-≤zw-k\w sNbvXp I≈w sIm≠p sh≈ ]qip-∂-Xv. C{]Imcw If-hp-sIm≠p Pohn-°p-∂Xv £¥-hy-am-sW∂p h∂m¬ P\- ß - f psS am\- k n- I - i p- ≤ n°pw kz`m- h - ÿ n- c Xbv°pw F{X-am{Xw lm\n-X-´p-sa∂p ]d-tb-≠n-√-t√m. tIcf-hm-kn-I-fmb lnμp-°-fpsS Zb-\obtam \nμytam Bb `ocpXzØn\pw kzm{i-b` - m-hØ - n\pw ]cvk] - c - h - n-izm-kØ - n\pw ImcWw Imem-Xo-X-amb BNm-c-\p-jvTm-\-{]-kvI-Xntbm AYhm Im]-Sytam At√ F∂v Gh\pw Btem-Nn-t°-≠Xm-Wv. kzev]-amb `qkz-Øp-°-fp-s≠-∂pw A[n-Im-cep-]vX-cmb Nne cmPm-°-∑m-cpsS c£-bps≠∂pw IcpXn BNmc-]-cn-jvIm-c-

- fpws 66 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

Øn\v A[n-Im-chpw i‡n-bp-ap≈ \ºq-Xn-cn-am¿ C\nbpw bmYm-ÿn--Xn-IX Zo£n-®m¬ Bfl-\m-i-Øn\pw hgn shbvIpI-bm-Ip-∂-Xn\p ]pdsa D¬Ir-jvS-ÿm-\-Øn-cp-∂p-sIm≠p X¬]-Z-Øn-\-\p-cq-]-amb [¿Ωw sNøm-Xn-cp∂ alm-]m-X-IØn\pw \ºq-Xncn--am¿ ]m{X-hm-∑m-cm-I-bnt√ F∂p `b-s∏Sp-∂-h¿ Fs∂t∏mse ]e-cp-ap-≠v.' kap-Zm-bmw-K-ßsf Cßs\ KpW-tZm-jn-°p∂ teJ\w Ahkm-\n-∏n-°p-∂Xv hy‡-amb Znim-t_m[w \¬In-sIm-≠p-X-s∂bmWvv: "ChnsS Xs‚ PmXn-bp--ambn am{Xw FS-s]-Sp-∂-h¿°p CX-cPm-Xn-I-fn¬ kvt\ltam A\p-I-ºtbm hym]n-°p-∂n-√.

F∂m¬ ]e PmXn-°m-cp-ambn ktlm-Z-c-`m-h-Øn¬ s]cp-amdp-∂-h-cpsS lrZ-bhpw a\ pw hnkvXr-X-ambn hcp-∂p.' ˛ DÆn \ºq-Xn-cn, thmfyw 6 e°w 1, 1100 I∂n kap-Zmb ]cn-jvI-c-Whpw Abn-tØm-®m-S-\hpw \ºq-Xn-cn-˛-\mb¿ kap-Zm-b-Øn¬ A∂p-≠m-°nb {]Xn-^-e-\-Øns‚ Nn{Xw hy‡-am-Ip∂ Hcp Ipdn∏v "\ºq-Xn-cnbpw \mbcpw' F∂ Xe-s°´n¬ 1932 P\p-hcn 13 DÆn \ºq-Xn-cn-bn¬ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p-I-bp≠m-bn. AbnØm-N-c-W-Øn\v A\p-Iq-e-ambn kwkm-cn® Hcp \mb¿kv{Xosb ]cn-l-kn®pw Abn-Øm-Nm-c-Ww Ah-km-\n-∏n-°m\mbn \ºq-Xncn kap-Zm-bsØ t{]cn-∏n® Hcp A¥¿P-\-Øns‚bpw Xmc-Xayw sNbvXp-≈-Xm-bn-cp∂p AXv. \mb¿ kv{XobpsS {]hrØn Nq≠n-°m´n C°mcy-Øn¬ \mb¿ kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ \ne]m-Sp-Isf A]-l-kn-°p-Ibpw A¥¿P-\-Øns‚ {]kvXm-h\ FSpØp-Im´n \ºq-Xncn kap-Zm-b-Øn¬ Ime-Øn-s\mØ am‰w {]I-Sam-Ip-∂p-sh∂v ÿm]n-°p-I-bp-am-bn-cp∂p AXns‚ e£yw. AXnß-s\-bmWv: "anI® D¬]-Xn-jvWX - z-Øn\v tIƒhn-tI´ \mb¿ h¿K-Ønse Hcp am\y alnf ]c-ky-ambn A≤y£ ]oT-Øn¬ h®v AbnØsØ \ymbo-I-cn-°p-hm≥ {ian-°p-Ibpw Xm≥ B≤y-£wh-ln® Hcp tbmK-sØ-s°m≠v bmYm-ÿn-Xn-I-Xz-Øn\p {]kn-≤n-t\-Sn-bn-cp∂ \ºq-Xncn kap-Zm-b-Ønse Hcp am\y-

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kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws

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bmb A¥¿÷\w Abn-Ø-°m¿°v t£{X-{]-th-i\w t\Sns°m-Sp-°m≥ XpS-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂ {]ÿm-\sØ klm-bn-°W-sa-∂p- \n-›bw kzoI-cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXXp \mb¿ kapZm-bw-K-ßsf Xe-Xm-gvØn-∏n-°p-Ibpw C∂sØ \ºq-Xncn kap-Zm-b-tØmSv tIc-fo-b¿°p tXm∂o-´p≈ _lp-am-\sØ Bbncw aSßp h¿[n-∏n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-sa-∂Xn\p bmsXmcp kwi-b-hp-an-√. Ccn-ßm-e-°p-S-h®p IqSnb sIm®n \mb¿ ktΩ-f\ - Ø - nse Hcp tbmK-Øn\p B≤y£w hln® {ioaXn e£van-°p´n t\Xym-c-Ω-sbbpw Xfn-∏-d-ºn¬h-®p-Iq-Snb \ºqXncn bph-P\-k-am-P-Øns‚ A≤y-£-bmb {ioaXn ]m¿hXn s\t∑-\n-aw-K-e-Øn-t\bpw ]‰n-bmWv R߃ apI-fn¬ ]d™-Xp-{]-Imcw {]kvXm-hn-®-Xv.' tImgn-t°m-´p-\n∂v kn IrjvW≥ ]{Xm-[n-]-cmbn ]pd-Øn-d-ßnb "anX-hmZn' Xoø-cpsS hI Hcp ae-bmf amknI F∂p-Xs∂ {]kvXmhn-®mWv ]pd-Øn-d-ßn-bn-cp-∂-Xv. Xoø-cpsS t£a-Øn-\mbn \nesIm-≈p-tºmgpw {_n´ojv `c-W-Iq-SsØbpw kmaq-Xncnsbbpw \ninX-ambn FXn¿°p-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂n√ "anX-hmZn' bpsS coXn. t]cp kqNn-∏n-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse Xs∂ cmPm-hns‚ A{]o-Xn°v CS-\-evImsX-bp-≈Xm-bn-cp∂p ]{X-Øns‚ CS-s]-S¬. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ ]e-t∏mgpw, Xoø-cpsS Ah-Im-i-߃ t\Sn-sb-Sp-°p∂ ImcyØn¬t]mepw, Hcp Zzμ-kz-`mhw "anX-hmZn' {]I-Sn-∏n-®n-cp-∂p. \n¿Wm-bI kμ¿`-ßf - n-sem∂pw `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Isf FXn¿°m\pw ]cn-jvI-cW {]h¿Ø-\-߃°v ]n¥p-W-tb-Im\pw "anX-hmZn' bpw ]{Xm-[n-]¿ kn IrjvW≥ h°oepw Xøm-dm-bn-√. tImgn-t°mSv Xfn t£{X ]cn-k-c-Øp-IqSn Abn-Ø-Pm-Xn-°m¿°v k©m-c-kzmX{¥yw e`n-°m\pw ssh°w kXym-{Kl ka-bØpw anX-hm-Zn-bpsS Cu cmP-`-‡nbpw hnt[-bXzhpw {]I-S-am-bn-cp-∂p. Xfn t£{X-]cn-k-cØv k©mc kzmX{¥yw e`n-°p-∂-Xn\v \S-Ønb {]Nm-c-Wß-fnepw {]t£m-`-ß-fnepw hfsc sshIn am{X-amWv "anX-hmZn' bpsS CS-s]-S-ep-≠m-b-Xv. sI ]n tIi-h-ta-t\m-\pw at©cn cmaøcpw sI am[-h≥ \mbcpw tN¿∂v IrjvW≥ h°o-ens\ t£{X]-cn-k-c-Øp-IqSn \S-Øn-s°m-≠p-t]m-hp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Xfn t£{X]-cn-k-cØq-IqSn \S-°m-\p≈ Ah-Imiw t\Sn-sb-Sp-°m≥ "anXhmZn' ImWn® Aam-¥sØ hna¿in®pw ]n∂oSv IrjvW≥ \S-

- fpws 68 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

Ønb {]hr-Ønsb «mLn®pw A∂v sIm®n-bn¬\n∂v ]pd-Øn-dßnb "ktlm-Z-c≥' Cßs\ Fgp-Xp-I-bp-≠m-bn: "tImgn-t°mSp Xfn-tdm-Un¬IqSn Xob¿ apX-emb Xo≠-ep≈ PmXn-°m¿ \S-∂p-Iq-sS∂p kmaq-Xncn FsÉp Ie-IvS¿ Hcp t\m´okv {]kn≤w sNbvXn-´p-≠-t√m. anÿ, kn IrjvW\pw a‰pw CXns\ kw_-‘n®v DSs\ H∂pw {]h¿Øn-°m-Xn-cp∂-Xn-s\-∏‰n R߃°p henb A¤pXw tXm∂n-bn-cp-∂p.

CXm Ct∏mƒ [oc-\mb B kap-Zm-b-kvt\ln Ie-IvS-dpsS Cu hnthI iq\y-amb Iev]-\sb XrW-h¬I-cn®p \ntcm[n-®n-´p≈ tdmUn¬IqSn \S∂p sN∂v t\cn-´p-sN∂v IeIvSsd hnhcw Adn-bn-®n-cn-°p∂p' ssh°w kXym-{Kl ka-bØpw anX-hm-Zn-bpsS \ne-]mSv Ahi-hn-`m-K-߃s°m-∏-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. "{_n´ojp Kh¨sa‚p-am-bp≈ ka-c-Ønte°v IqSp-X¬ Bfp-Isf I_-fn-∏n®p hio-I-cn-°p-∂-Xn\p≈ tIm¨{K-kns‚ Hcp X{¥w' F∂ \ne-bn-emWv ssh°w kXym-{KsØ "anX-hmZn' hnti-jn-∏n-®n-cp-∂-Xv. kmaq-Xncn cmPmhns‚ hntZz-j-ta-‰p-hm-ßmsX kap-Zm-b-Øn\v ]cn-K-W\ In´p-∂Xn-\mbn {]h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p "anX-hm-Zn-'bpsS coXn. NneL-´-ß-fn¬ AanX cmP-`‡n {]I-Sn-∏n®v ]cn-jvI-c-W-tØmSv ]pdwXn-c-n™p-\n-evIp∂p-sh∂ tXm∂epw anX-hmZn {]I-Sn-∏n-®n-cp-∂p.

AXv {]I-S-am-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p kmaq-Xn-cnsb Ipdn®p h∂ Hcp hm¿Ø: "kmaq-Xn-cn-∏mSv Xºp-cm≥ Xncp-a-\s tImgn-t°m-s´-°p≈ Fgp-∂≈Øv F√mw sIm≠pw tIa-am-bn. Xncp-a-\- n¬ \n∂ \n m-c-amb PmXn-a-’-c-ß-fn¬ H´p hne-sh-°mØ Iq´-Ønem-sW∂v ]e kμ¿`-ß-fnepw {]Z¿in-∏n-®n-´p-≠v. ÿm\wIn-´p-∂-Xn\p apºpw AXn\v tijhpw Xncp-a-\- nse HuZmcysØ I≠-dn-hm≥ R߃°p kwKXn h∂n-cp-∂p. GItZiw 20 sIm√w apºv Xncp-a-\- nse amXm-hns‚ Xncp-amk ASn-b-¥-c-Øn\p Hcp Znhkw Xnø-cn¬ {]am-Wn-I-fmb Nnesc £Wn-®p-h-cpØn {]tXyIw tIa-amb Hcp kZy-I-gn-

ss\-an-im-c-Wyw--

kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws

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®Xv Cs∏mgpw R߃ Hm¿°p-∂p. B Ime-ß-fn¬ Aßs\ sNøm- \ mbn Akm- [ m- c W ss[cyw Xs∂ thW- s a∂v {]tXyIw ]d-sb-≠-Xn-√-t√m. CXp-IqSmsX {InkvXym-\n-Iƒ apX-emb A\y-a-X-°m-tcmSpw Xncp-a-\- n-te°pw hfsc hm’y-eyam-Wv.' ˛anXhmZn 1914 Pq¨ ]pkvXIw 1 e°w 6 CØcw ]e kw`-h-ßfpw "amXr-`qan' bpw "anX-hmZn' bpw XΩnep≈ G‰p-ap-´-en-te°v FØn-t®-¿∂ncp-∂p. CsXm-s°-bm-sW¶nepw kzk-ap-Zm-b-Øns‚ ]n∂m-°m-hÿ Xpd-∂p-Im-´m\pw a‰p\m-Sp-I-fp-ambn Xmc-Xayw sNbvXv Ahsc apJy-[m-c-bn-te°v Db¿Øn-s°m-≠p-h-cm\pw anX-hmZn \S-Ønb CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ AhK-Wn-°m≥ Ign-bn-√. Xob-k-aql ]cn-jvImcw F∂ Xe-s°-´n"shÃv tImÃv kvs]IvS-bn-‰¿' F∂ Cw•ojv ]{X-Øn¬ h∂ Hcp teJ-\sØ Ipdn®v anX-hmZn Cßs\ ]d-™p: "sXt° ae-bmf-Ønse an°-hmdpw Xob-kv{Xo-Iƒ tZlw apgp-h\pw ad-bv°m-dn-s√∂pw X∂n-an-Ø-ap≈ \yq\-Xsb ]cnl-cn-∏m≥ th≠p∂ {iaw sNtø-W-sa-∂p-amWv ta¬{]-kvXmhn® teJ-\-Øns‚ Dt±iyw.

Cu \S]Sn sXt°-a-e-bm-f-Øn¬ am{X-a√ hS-s°-a-e-bm-fØn-ep≈ Nne Dƒ{]-tZ-i-ß-fnepw \S-∏p-≠v. ae-_m¿ hn´p A\y-cm-Py-ß-fn¬ k©-cn-∏m≥ CSh-cmØ Nne¿°p CXp A{X B`m-k-ambn tXm∂p-I-bn-√m-bn-cn-°mw. F∂m¬ A\ycm-Py-ß-fn¬ bm{X sNbvhm≥ kwK-Xn-h∂ Gh¿°pw Cu Imcyw hfsc \nμy-am-bn´mWv tXm∂p-∂-Xv. ImcWw Cu Zp -l-amb \S-]Sn ae-_m-dn¬ A√msX thsdßpw ImWm\n-√. ae-_m-dn¬ t]mbn-h∂ ]c-tZ-in-I-fn¬ At\Iw t]¿ ]ctZ-iß - f - n¬ DtZym-Kw-aqew Xman-kn-®p-hc - p∂ Rß-tfmSp CXns\-∏‰n ]e-t∏mgpw ]cn-lm-k-ambn {]kvXm-hn-®n´p-≠v. cmcn®≥ap-∏≥ Ah¿Iƒ ]dbpw {]Imcw ZmcnZyw CXn\v X°-

- fpws 70 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

Xmb Imc-Ws - a∂p Bcpw kΩ-Xn-°p-∂X - √ - . Cu Imcy-Ønth≠p∂ ]cn-jvImcw sNbvhm≥ kabw A[n-I-cn-®n-cn°p∂p.' ˛anX-hmZn 1914 sabv \ºq-Xncnam¿°n-S-bnse sI´p-]n-W-™-p In-S-°p∂ BNm-c -coXn-Isf Xpd-∂p-Im-Wn-°p∂ teJ-\-ßfpw hm¿Ø-Ifpw A∂v "anXhm-Zn'-bn¬ {]Xy-£-s∏-´ncp∂p. \ºq-Xncn kap-Zm-b-Ønse bphm°ƒ \S-Ønb hnπ-h-I-c-amb apt∂-‰-Øn-sem∂v ]qWq¬ _lnjvIc - W - a - m-bn-cp-∂p. CtX Ipdn®v "anX-hm-Zn'-bn¬ ]e-t∏mgpw hm¿ØIƒ h∂p. 1930 ¬ _ln-jvI-c-Wm-lzm\w \SØn anX-hmZn teJ\w Xs∂ sImSp-Øp. tIm´-bv°¬ IrjvW≥ \ºq-Xncn Fgp-Xnb Cu teJ\w FSpØp {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°m≥ "ae-bmf at\m-ca'-bpw Xømdm-bn. 1930 s^{_p-hcn 17˛\v Cd-ßnb "ae-bmf at\m-c-a-'bpsS kap-Zmb ]w‡n-bn-em-bn-cp∂p ]qWq¬ _ln-jvI-cWw F∂ Cu teJ-\w. teJ-\-Øn-s\m-Sp-hn¬ "anX-hmZn' Fs∂-gp-Xn IS∏mSv tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øm\pw "at\mca' aSn-Im-Wn-®n-√. kmaq-lnI ]cnjvIc - W {]h¿Ø-\ß-fpsS Imcy-Øn¬ {]Jym-]n-Xa - s - √-¶nepw kZpt±-iy-]-c-amb Hcp kl-I-cWw Nne L´-ß-fn¬ ]{X-߃ ImWn®n-cp-∂p-sh-∂-XmWv CXp-hy-‡-am-°p-∂-Xv. "anX-hmZn'bpw ]n∂oSv "at\m-c-a'bpw {]nkn-≤o-I-cn® B teJ-\w Cßs\bmWv: "\ºq-Xn-cn-am-cpsS A-[-∏-X-\-Øn\v A\¿∞-I-c-amb AZrjvT-hn-izm-k-amWv B¥-c-amb Imc-W-sa∂v Ah-cn¬ Nn¥I-∑m-cmb Nne¿ Ct∏mƒ A`n-{]m-b-s∏-´p-Xp-S-ßn-bn-´p-≠v. .....\ºq-Xn-cn-am-cpsS A[-]-X-\-Øn\v Imc-W-amb amaq¬tIm´-I-sf√mw ASn-®p-S-®p-I-f-b-Ww. Ah-cpsS _mlyhpw A¥c-hp-amb A`n-hr-≤nsb XS-bp∂ C∂sØ Ah-km-\-an-√mØ aX- t Km- j v T n- I ƒ \nt»jw Nhn´p Dc- ® p- I - f - b - W w. a\pjymZ¿iw am{X-am-bn-cn-°Ww Htcm \ºq-Xn-cn-bp-sSbpw ]ca-e-£yw. ...-ln-μp-a-X-Øns‚ Hc‰w apX¬ at‰ A‰w hsc ]S¿∂p-]n-Sn-®n-´p≈ BNm-c-hn-j-h-√n-Isf hnπ-h-m-”n-bmZln-∏n-°m-sa-¶n¬ am{Xta \ºq-Xn-cn-am¿°v A`n-hr≤n ssIhcn-I-bp-≈q. Cu hnπhw C¥ybnse {_m“-W-h¿Kw apgp≥ Cf-In-ad - n-bp∂ H∂m-bn-cn-°W - w. PmXn, t£{Xw, aXw F∂nh

ss\-an-im-c-Wyw--

kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws

71

CSn-™p-s]m-fn™p hog-Ø° Hcp hnπ-h-amWv \ºq-Xn-cnam¿ cq]-h¬°-cn-t°-≠-Xv.' ˛a-e-bmf at\m-c-a, 1930 s^{_p-hcn 17 t£{X-{]-th-i\ Imcy-Øn¬ am{X-a-√, s]mXp kaq-l-Ønse a‰n-S-ß-fnepw IogvPm-Xn-°m¿°p-t\-cn-tS-≠n-h-cp∂ Ak-a-XzsØ Ipdn®pw \thm-∞m-\m-`n-ap-Jy-ap≈ ]{X-߃ hm¿Ø-Ifpw apJ-{]kw-K-ßfpw Fgp-Xn. k¿°m-dns\ \nin-X-ambn hna¿in-°p-tºmgpw kmaq-lnI \thm-∞ms‚ `mK-ambn k¿°m¿ kzoI-cn-°p∂ \S-]Sn-Isf ]n¥p-W-°m≥ Xøm-dmbn "tIkcn' \¬Inb hm¿Ø-Iƒ, A°m- e sØ ]{X- ß ƒ hnj- b m[n- j v T n- X - a mbn Imcy- ß ƒ ssIImcyw sNbvXp-sh-∂X - ns‚ sXfn-hm-Wv. kvIqfp-If - n¬ A[xIrX¿°v {]th-i\w \¬In-bn-s√-¶n¬ {Km‚ v \ntj-[n-°p-sa∂ Xncphn-Xmw-Iq¿ k¿°m-dns‚ {]Jym-]-\sØ A`n-\-μn®p \¬Inb hm¿Ø CXn\v Hcp DZm-l-cWw am{X-am-Wv. ]cn-jvI-c-W-Øn-\p-XIp∂ ]pXnb Xocp-am-\-ß-sf-Sp-°m≥ k¿°m-cns\ t{]cn-∏n-°p-∂Xn-s\m∏w, ]n¥n-cn--∏-∑m¿s°-Xnsc kaql a\- m-£nsb DW¿Øn \n¿Øm\pw CØcw hm¿Ø-I-fn-eqsS km[n-®p.

A\m-Nm-c-߃, kapZmb ]cn-jvI-c-W-߃ F∂nßs\-bp≈ Imcy-ß-fn-se√mw hy‡-amb \ne-]mSv kzoI-cn-®m-bn-cp∂p tIkcn hm¿Ø-Iƒ \evIn-b-Xv. AXv lnμp-°-fn¬ am{X-a-√, apkveow kapZm-b-Ønse {]iv\-ß-fn-te°pw IS-∂p-sN-∂p-≈-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. "kapZmb ]cn-jvI-cWw' F∂ Xe-s°-´n¬ 1930 \hw-_¿ 12\v tIk-cnbn¬ \¬Inb hm¿Ø- t\m°mw: "ae-_m-dnse \ºq-Xn-cn-am-cpsS CS-bn-ep≈ A[n-th-Z\w \ndpج sNøp-hm≥ Dt±-in®v ae-_m-dnse \nb-a-k`m saw_¿ an sI ]n cma≥ tat\m≥ a{Zm-knse \nb-a-k-`bn-te°v Hcp {]tabw Ab®n-cn-°p-∂-Xp-I≠v R߃ kt¥m-jn-°p-∂p. \ºq-Xncn bph-P-\-ß-fpsS Cu {]iw-k-\ob-amb kap-Zmb ]cn-jvI-cW {ia-ßsf CXp kmc-ambn klm-bn-°p-∂-XmWv. an. cma≥ tat\m≥ \in® acp-a-°-Ømb k{º-Zmbw \mb-∑m-cpsS CS-bn¬\n∂p D∑q-e\w sNøp-hm≥IqSn {iant°-≠-Xm-Wv. {]IrXn hncp-≤-amb Cu k{º-Zmbw sIm®nbnepw Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dnepw \in-®p-Xp-S-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. ae-

- fpws 72 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

_m-dn¬ am{Xw AXns\ \ne-\n-dp-Øn-s°m-≠p-t]m-tI≠ Bh-iy-sa-¥m-sW∂p R߃°p a\- n-em-Ip-∂n-√. CXpt]-£n-°p-∂-Xm-bm¬ am{Xta ae-_m-dnse \mb-∑m¿°p KpWw ]nSn-°p-I-bp≈q F∂mWv R߃ hnNm-cn-°p-∂-Xv.' lnμp-a-X-hn-`m-K-Øn¬ \S-°p∂ \thm-∞m\ {]h¿Ø-\-ßtfm Ahsc kzm[o-\n-°p∂ a‰v LS-I-ßtfm am{X-am-bn-cp-∂n√"tIkcn' bpsS hm¿Øm-tem-Iw. apkveow kap-Zm-b-Ønse {]iv\-ßfpw Ahsc kaq-l-Øns‚ apJy-[m-c-bn-te°v sIm≠p-h-cp-∂-Xns\ Ipdn®pw \nc-h[n hm¿Ø-Iƒ tIkcn \¬In. 1930 Unkw-_¿ 10\v Jmkn _n√ns\ Ipdn®v tIkcn Cßs\ FgpXn: "ap…ow kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ ta¬K-Xn°p XS- -am-bn-cn-°p∂ ]e Agn-a-Xn-Ifpw Ah-cpsS aX-I¿Ω߃ \S-Øp∂ hnj-bØn¬ \S-∂p-h-cp-∂p-≠v. CXn\p ]cn-lm-c-am-bn-´mWv an. alΩZv dmhp-Ø¿ ap…ow kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ aX-]-c-amb NS-ßpIsf ]cn-]m-en-®p-t]m-cp∂ Jmkn-amsc Nne hyh-ÿnX am¿K-ßfn-eqsS \nb-{¥n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-]-I-cn-°p∂ Jmkn _nXncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ \nb-ak - ` - b - n¬ Ah-Xc - n-∏n-°p-hm≥ A\p-hmZw tNmZn-®n-´p-≈-Xv. Cu _n√v AXym-h-iy-am-sW∂mWp R߃ hnNm-cn-°p-∂-Xv. CXn\p `qcn-]£w ap…oapßfpw A\p-Iqen-°p-∂p-s≠∂pw Ah-cpsS ]e s]mXp-tbm-K-ßfpw tcJs∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.'

1926¬ Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-c-Øp-\n∂v BgvN-bn-sem-s∂∂ IW-°n{]kn-≤o-I-cn®Xmbn-cp∂p "\h-i‡n'. sIPn \mb-cpw, SnsI thembp-[-≥]n≈bpw ]{Xm-[n-]-cm-bn-cp∂ \h-i-‡n-, A∂sØ kmaqlnI LS-\ s]mfn-s®-gp-Xp∂Xn-\p≈ \nc-¥c - m-lzm-\ß - ƒ \¬Inb H∂m-bn-cp-∂p. hni-Z-amb teJ-\-ßfpw kaq-l-Øn¬ \S-°p∂ hnhn[ \thm-∞m\ {]h¿Ø-\-ßsf Ipdn-®p≈ hniZ dnt∏m¿´pIfpw \h-i‡n \evIn-s°m-≠n-cp-∂p. a\p-jy-k-a-Xz-a-lm-k` {]h¿Ø-t\m-Zya ktΩ-f\w F∂ Xe-s°-´n¬ \¬Inb hni-Zamb Hcp hm¿Ø-bpsS XpS°w Cß-s\-: "PmXn-aX a’-c-߃, A\m-Nm-c-߃, A‘-hn-izm-k-߃ F∂nh aqew a\p-jy-k-ap-Zm-b-Øn-\p-≠m-bn-´p≈ ]e Ah-i-

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kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws

73

I-X-I-sfbpw ]cn-l-cn®v cmPy-t£-ahpw P\m-`n-hr-≤nbpw hf¿Øp-∂X - n\v th≠n a\p-jy-ka - X - z-{]-ÿm-\a - \ - p-kc - n®v cq]h-XvI-cn-®n-cn-°p∂ a\p-jy-k-a-Xz-a-lm-k`-bpsS {]h¿Ø-t\mZya ktΩ-f\w C∂p ]I¬ c≠p-a-Wn°v sNß-∂q¿ Cw•ojvan-Un¬ kvIqƒ lmfn¬h®v {ioam≥ sI \mcm-b-W-°p-cp°ƒ Ah¿Iƒ _nF-bpsS A[y-£-X-bn¬ hfsc `wKnbmbn \S-∂n-cn-°p-∂p.'

Abn-Øm-N-c-W-sØ ]cn-l-k-cn-®p-sIm≠pw CØcw Imcy߃shSn™v ]cn-jvI-c-W-]m-X-bn-eqsS k©-cn-°m≥ Blzm\w sNøp-∂-Xn¬ "hnZym-hn-t\m-Zn\n' hln® ]¶pw hfsc hep-Xm-bncp-∂p. \nc-h[n teJ-\-߃ CX-\p-k-cn®v hnZym-hn-t\mZn\n \¬IpI-bp-≠m-bn. "PmXn{`jvSv' F∂ Xe-s°-´n¬ hnZym-hn-t\m-Zn\nbnSnsI \mcm-b-W≥ tat\m≥ Fgp-Xnb Hcp teJ\w CXn\v DZm-lc-W-ambn Nq≠n-°m´mw: "sIm®n-bn¬ NØ-hs‚ ]pe tImgn-t°m-s´-°v, F∂p th≠, lna-Kn-cn-bpsS sImSp-ap-Sn-bn-te-°pw, \njv{]-bm-tk\ FØpw.

CXp-t]m-se-Ø-s∂-bm-Ip∂p s]‰-]p-e-bp-sSbpw io{L-K-Xn. Hcp-Ø≥ P\n-°p-∂-Xn-\mepw acn-°p-∂-Xn-\mepw D≠m-Ip∂ Aip-≤n, Aßns\ Ds≠-¶n¬Xs∂, X¬°mew kw-_‘w bmsXm∂pw C√mØ A\ys\ _m[n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ ImcWw bp‡n°p hfsc A\p-k-cn-°p-∂-Xmbn ImWp-∂n-√. F¥psIm-s≠-∂m¬, tcmKw tlXp-hm-bn´p hym]n® Zp¿Δm-bp-°fpsS kv]¿iw acn-°m≥ InS-°p∂ BfpsS ASp-°-ep-≈-hsc-b-√msX a‰p-≈-hsc _m[n-°p-sa∂v tXm∂p-∂n-√. Aip≤-amb hvkXp-hn-t\mSv kº¿°-Øn-\n-S-h-∂m¬ icocw ipNnbm-t°-≠Xv AXym-hiyw Xs∂. ]s£ aen-\X X´n-b-h¿ am{Xw ip≤-am-bm¬ t]msc F∂mWv kwi-bw. AXp-Iq-SmsX acn-®h - s‚ kw_-‘n-If - mbn A©p-e£w Bfp-If - p-s≠-¶n¬, Ah-sc√mw ]Øpw-]-Xn-\©pw Znhkw hoXw Aip≤w BNcn-°-W-sa∂p ]d-bp-∂-Xns‚ Dt±iw F¥m-Ip∂p? CXnepw hnti-jn®v h√ Imc-W-Ømepw X¬°mew Adn-bm≥ Ign-

- fpws 74 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

bmØ Hcp-Ø≥ ]pebpw ]Xn-\mdpw Ign-™-Xn\v tij-amWv ]pe Adn-™-sX-¶n¬, Adn™ \nanjw apX¬ Ch≥ GI≥ am{Xw Ah-[n-{]-Imcw ]pe BN-cn-®n-s√-¶n¬ {`jvS-\m-Ip∂-Xm-W-s{X. ]pe-bpsS kmcw hyk\w `mhn-®n-cn-°p-I-bmsW- ∂ m- I n¬, AXp- ≈ - h ¿ am{Xw t]msc? AX- s √- ¶ nkmbv]n∑mcpsS amXncn h√ AS-bmfw sI´n-bm¬ t]msc?

AXp-Xs∂ hyk-\-ap-≈-h¿ t]msc? AXpw h√-Xp-am-I-s´. hfsc \mƒ Zo£n-®v, ]m´pw IqØpw t\¿∂v inip P\n-°p∂-Xn-\m¬ BN-cn-°p∂ ]pebpw hyk-\-sØ-bmtWm kqNn∏n-°p-∂Xv? AXv kt¥m-j-kq-N-I-am-sW-¶n¬ Aip≤n AawK-f-at√?' ˛hnZym-hn-t\m-Zn-\n, ]pkvXIw 20

an{i-t`m-P-\w, an{i-hn-hm-lw, hn[-hm-hn-hmlw kap-Zmb ]cn-jvI-c-Ww, Abn-tØm-®m-S\w t]mse-bp≈ ]cnjvI-cW {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ tN¿Øp-sh-t°-≠-h-bmWv an{i-t`m-P\w, an{i-hn-h-m-lw XpS-ßnb kw`-h-߃. BNmc ]cn-jvI-c-W߃s°m∏w PmXn-ssh-Pm-Xy-߃ C√m-Xm-°m≥ \S-Ønb hnπh-I-c-amb \S-]-Sn-I-fm-bn-cp∂p Ch-c-≠pw. kwL-Sn-X-ambpw H‰-Xncn™pw \S∂ CØcw {]h¿Ø-\ß - ƒ°v henb {]m[m\yw \¬IpIbpw AXv apJy-[m-c-bn-se-Øn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-Xn¬ A∂v ]{X߃ henb CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ \S-Øn. hnth-tIm-Zbw ]{Xm-[n-]cpw Fkv F≥ Un ]n tbmKw kwL-S\m sk{I-´-dn-bp-ambncp∂ sI F≥ Ip™n-Ir-jvW≥ {_m“W bph-Xnsb hnhmlw sNbvX hm¿Ø 1930 \hw-_¿ 19¬ tIkcn \¬Ip-I-bp-≠m-bn. Hcp an{ihn-hmlw F∂ Xe-s°-t´m-Sp-IqSn Xs∂-bm-bn-cp∂p B hm¿Ø {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®-Xv. "hnth-tIm-Zbw ]{Xm-[n-]cpw Fkv F≥ Un ]n tbmKw kwLS\m sk{I-´-dn-bp-ambn an. sI F≥ Ip™n-Ir-jvW≥ _n F At±- l - Ø ns‚ hI Im¿Øn- I - ∏ ≈n ap≠- ∏ ≈n KrlØn¬sh®p kztZ-in-bmb Hcp sIm¶W{_m“-W-bp-h-Xnsb- hnhmlw sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂p.'

-˛tIkcn 1930 \hw-_¿ 19

ss\-an-im-c-Wyw--

kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws

75

sIm®-nbn¬\n∂v "ktlm-Z-c≥' amknI BZy-e-°w ]pd-Øn-dßn-b-Xp-Xs∂ \thm-∞m\ e£yw {]Jym-]n-®p-sIm-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

BZy-t]-Pn¬Xs∂ amkn-I-bpsS Dt±-i-e-£y-ß-sf-Ip-dn®v hni-Zam-b hnh-c-W-ß-fmWv \¬In-b-Xv. B {]kvXm-h-\ Cßs\bmWv: "alm-flmhv kzman-]m-Z-ß-fnse sKuch-ta-dnb ktμ-isØ hln-®p-sIm≠v ChnsS "ktlm-Z-c-kwLw' F∂ Hcp ]pXnb ÿm]\w G¿s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. PmXn-hy-Xymkw C√m-Xm°p-hm≥ Xß-sf-s°m≠p Ign-bp-∂-sXms° a\-]q¿hw {]h¿Øn-°m-sa∂pw {]Xn⁄ sNøp-∂-h-sc-bmWv kwLØn¬ AwK-ambn tN¿°p-∂X - v. ......-{i-ak - m-≤y-amb Rß-fpsS Cu DZy-a-Øn¬ alm-P-\-ß-fpsS DZm-c-amb A\p-Iºsb A`y¿∞n- ® p- s Im≠v ktlm- Z - c s\ Ah- c psS apºmsI ka¿∏n-®p-sIm-≈p-∂p.'

BZy e°-Øn¬Xs∂ AX-\p-k-cn-®p≈ hm¿Ø-Ifpw teJ-\ßfpw "ktlm-Z-c-\n¬' {]Xy-£-s∏-´p. an{i-t`m-P-\w \S-Øn-b-XneqsS kaq-lsØ Cf-°n-a-dn® kwL-Øn-s‚bpw Aø-∏-s‚bpw {]h¿Ø-\-ßtfmSv A\p-Iq-en®pw {]Xn-Iq-en®pw A∂v \S-∂n-cp∂ kwhm-Z-ß-fpsS IqSn {]Xn-^-e-\w amkn-I-bnepw {]I-S-am-bn-cp-∂p. an{i-t`m-P\w F∂ t]cn¬ ktlm-Z-c-\n¬ h∂ Hcp teJ\w Cßs\bmWv: "an{i-t`m-P\ - w-sIm≠v Hcp {]tbm-P\ - h - pw Cs√∂p Nne¿ hmZn°p-∂p. ]pe-b\pw \ºq-Xn-cnbpw IqSn-bn-cp∂p ]¥n-t`m-P\w sNbvXm¬ ]pe-b¿ Db-cp-I-bn-s√-∂p-am-{X-a√ \ºq-Xncn XmgpI-IqSn sNøp-sa-∂-XmWv Ah-cpsS A`n-{]m-bw. \ºq-Xn-cnsb-XmgvØn ]pe-bs‚ \ne-bn¬ sIm≠p-h-cmsX ]pe-bs\ Db¿Øn \ºq-Xn-cn-bpsS \ne-bn-em-°-W-a-s{X. an{i-t`m-P-\sa∂v tIƒ°p-tºmƒ s\‰n Npfn-°p∂ Cu KqVm-tem-N-\°m¿ AXns‚ Dt±-ihpw D]-tbm-Khpw Xosc a\- n-em-°o´n-√. an{i-t`m-P\w sNøp-∂Xv AXp-sIm-≠p-am{Xw GsX¶nepw h¿K-°m¿°v hnZym-`ym-khpw [\hpw h¿≤n-∏n-®p-I-fbm-sa-∂p-h-®n-´-√. Db¿∂-hsc XmgvØn XmW-h-cpsS ÿnXnbn¬ sIm≠p-h-cm\pw an{i-t`m-P-\-°m¿°p-t±-i-an-√. s]mXp-

- fpws 76 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

hn¬ cmPy-Øns‚ t£a-Øn-\p-th-≠n, B¿°pw D]-{Zhw D≠m-Im-Ø-hn-[-Øn¬ PmXn-hy-Xymkw C√m-Xm-°-W-sa-∂pam-{Xta Ah¿°v B{K-l-ap-≈q.'

AXpambn _‘-s∏´v Db¿∂ kwhmZw kaq-l-Øn¬ s]s´ms∂m∂pw Ah-km-\n-®n-´n-√. ktlm-Zc - s‚ XpS¿∂p≈ e°-ßf - nepw a‰v {]kn-≤o-I-c-W-ß-fnepw an{i-t`m-P-\-sØbpw an{i-hn-hm-lsØbpw kv{XoI-fpsS \ne-hmcw Db¿tØ≠-Xn-s\-bpw Ipdn®v hm¿Ø-Ifpw teJ-\-ßfpw \nc-¥cw h∂p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. ktlmZ-c≥ c≠mw e°Ønepw CXp-Im-Wmw. AtXm-sSm∏w IogvPm-Xn°m-tcmSv Xß-fpsS Ahÿ kzbw Xncn-®d - n™v DW¿∂p-{]-h¿Øn°m-\p≈ Blzm-\hpw ktlm-Z-c≥ \¬In. "DW-cp-h≥' F∂ as‰mcp apJ-te-J\w IqSn \¬In: "XmW-Pm-Xn-°m-sc∂v hnNm-cn-°-s∏-´p-t]m-cp∂ Rß-fpsS ktlm-Z-c-ßsf; \ΩpsS ÿnXn-sb-∏‰n H∂v Btem-Nn-®pt\m-°qI. \mw a\p-jy-cmbn P\n®p F∂-√msX \ap°p a\pjy-k-l-P-amb h√ kzmX-{¥yhpw Dt≠m? F{X-Xs∂ hnZzm∑mcpw ]W-°mcpw KpW-hm-∑mcpw Bbmepw \Ωƒ XmWh-cs{X! \ap°v tdmUn¬ k©cn-®p-Iq-Sm, Db¿∂-h-sc∂v ]d-bp∂ \sΩ-t∏mse Xs∂-bp≈ a\p-jy-cpsS ASpØp \S∂p-Iq-Sm. \mw sXmSp-Itbm ASp-°p-Itbm sNbvXm¬ F√mw Aip-≤-ambn! \ap-°p-≈{X Akzm-X-{¥yhpw Ah-i-Xbpw temI-Øn¬ a‰p bmsXmcp a\p-jy-h¿K-Øn-\p-an-√.' ktlm-Zc kwLw \S-Ønb an{i-t`m-P-\sØ FXn¿Ø i‡nIƒ {]Xn-Imc \S-]S- n-Ifpw i‡-ambn kzoI-cn-®n-cp-∂p. AXn-sem∂v an{i-t`m-P-\-Øn¬ ]s¶-SpØhsc Ducp hn-e-°p-I-sb-∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p. AtX-k-abw CØcw Imcy-߃ hm¿Ø-bm-°p-∂-Xnepw ktlm-Z-c\pw a‰p-{]-kn-≤o-I-c-W-ßfpw henb {]m[m\yw \¬In. ktlm-Z-cs‚ c≠mw e°-Øn¬ Xs∂ "an{i-t`m-P-\-h-g°v' F∂ t]cn¬ hni-Z-amb teJ\w CXp-kw-_-‘n®v \¬In: "ChnsS "ktlm-Zc-kwL' Øns‚ B`n-ap-Jy-Øn¬ \S∂ an{i-t`m-P-\-Øn¬ Dƒs∏´ GXm\pw Nnesc ÿesØ

ss\-an-im-c-Wyw--

kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws

77

"hn⁄m-\-h¿[n\n' k`-bn¬\n∂v XevIm-e-tØ°v am‰-nbncn-°p-∂-Xmbn Hcp hn⁄m-]\w k`m IΩ-‰n-°m¿ ]pd-s∏-Sphn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. k`bv°pw Bt£-]-I-chpw kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ Dt±-i-߃°v Xosc hn]-co-Xhpw Bb Cu amXncn hn⁄m]\w R߃ G‰hpw _lp-am-\n-°p∂ B ]cn-jvIr-X-amb hn⁄m-\h - ¿≤n-\n-bn¬\n∂pw ]pd-s∏´p F∂p ImWp-∂X - nAXn-i-bn-°p-∂p. IY-bn-√m-Ø-hm-inbpw hg°pw ]nSn®p Xea-d∂v FÆ-sX-°m-Xn-cn-°p-∂Xv \∂v.' ktlm-Z-c-s\m∏w C°m-cy-Øn¬ i‡-ambn \ne-bp-d-∏n-®-h-cmbn-cp∂p "anX-hmZn. an{i-t`m-P-\-sØ-∏‰n anX-hmZn Cßs\ tcJs∏-SpØn: "....ln¥p-aXw hnth-Im-\-μ-kzman ]d-bp-∂-Xp-t]mse Fs∂ sXmSs√ Fs‚ ASp-°¬ hcs√ F∂m-bn-Øo¿∂n-cn-°p∂p. B ÿnXn amdn-bm-e-√msX \ap°v Hcp-abpw Db¿®bpw D≠m-hp-I-bn-s√∂p ]e alm-∑mcpw A`n-{]m-b-s∏-´n-cp-∂p. ]pe-bc - p-ambn `£Ww Ign-°p-∂X - n¬ bmsXmcp sX‰pw Cs√∂mWv Rß-fpsS ]q¿W hnizm-kw. tbmKy-∑m¿°p Xoh≠n B^o-kp-I-fn¬ sh®p ]d-b-cpsS tNmdv DÆm-sa-¶n¬ a‰p-≈h¿°p ]pe-b-cpsS tNmdv DÆm≥ ]mSn-s√∂v ]d-bp-∂-XnbmsXmcp \ymbhpw bp‡nbpw C√...'

AtX-ka - bw "kXy-\mZw' Cu {]iv\w ssIImcyw sNbvXv Zo¿Lamb kck teJ\w Xs∂ {]kn-≤o-I-cn®p. AXn-ßs\bmWv: "lnμp-aX kn≤m-¥-߃ PmXn-kv]¿≤bpw ka-kr-jvSn-kvt\l-an-√m-bvabpw {]Z¿in-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\p Btcbpw \n¿_-‘n°p-∂n-√. Cu Ccp-]Xmw \q‰m-≠n¬ km[p-°-fmb ]pe-bcpsS KpW-Imw-£n-Isf ]p—n-°p-∂-h-cpsS temI-]-cn-N-b-an√m-bvasb]‰n hyk-\n-∏m-Xn-cn-∏m≥ \nh¿Øn-bn-√. cmPy-\∑-sb Dt±-in®v ]pe-bsc ka-\n-e-bn¬ sIm≠p-h-cm≥ {ian°p∂ ktlm-ZckwLw k¿thm-ev°¿tjW h¿Øn-°-s´.'

- fpws 78 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

aXw-am‰hpw B\p-Im-en-I-ßfpw PmXn- h n- t h- N \w cq£- a mb kml- N - c y- Ø n¬ AXn¬\n∂v tamN\w t\Sp-∂-Xn-\mbn Iogv-Pm-Xn-°m¿ A°m-eØv kzoI-cn® coXn Iq´-tØmsS aXw amdp-I-sb-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. sX°≥ tIc-fØn¬ Cßs\ \nc-h[n t]¿ {InkvXp-a-X-Øn-te°v ]cn-h¿Ø\w sNbvXp. hnthN\w Ah-km-\n-®p-In-´m\pw s]mXp-[m-cb - n¬ Db¿∂p\n¬°m\pap≈ am¿Kw F∂ \ne-bn-em-bn-cp∂p Cu ]cn-h¿Ø-\ß-sf-√mw. Nne-bn-S-ß-fn¬ H‰-s∏´ coXn-bnepw a‰n-S-ß-fn¬ Iq´tØm-sSbpw \S∂ CØcw aX-]-cn-h¿Ø-\-ßfpw A∂v ]{X-߃ {]m[m-\y-tØmsS \¬In. aX-Øn¬\n∂v aX-Øn-te-°p≈ IqSpam-‰-Øn-\-∏pdw A[-Ir-X-s\∂ \ne-bn¬\n∂v amdn-\n¬°m-\p≈ IogvPm-Xn-°m-cs‚ B{K-l-am-bn-cp∂p CXn¬ {]I-S-am-b-Xv. "ktlmZ-c'-\n¬ {]kn-≤o-I-cn® CØcw Hcp kw`hw Cßs\: "apf-hp-Im´v ]pe-b-k-amPw sk{Is´dn anÿ IrjvtWXn Dt±iw \qdn¬]cw ]pe- b - t cm- S p- I qSn {Inkv X p- a - X - Ø ntN¿∂-Xmbn tIƒ°p-∂p. B km[p-°ƒ Xßsf arK-ßsf-°mƒ \nIr-jvSc - mbn Icp-Xp∂ kz¥-aX - Ø - n¬\n∂pw HmSn Xßsf ktlm-Zc - `- m-hØ - n¬ kzoI-cn-°p∂ thsdmcp aX-ØnA`bw {]m]n-®X - n¬ AXn-ib - n-°m-\n-√. Cugh kamPw {]knU‚ v {ioam≥ t_m[m-\μ - k - zm-an-Iƒ anÿ IrjvtW-Xn-tbmSp Cu Imcy-sØ-∏‰n kwkm-cn-®t- ∏mƒ Ccp-]X - p-sIm-√t- Ømfw Cug-h¿ ]Sn-®] - Wn ]Xn-s\´p Ign-®n´pw hmkvXh - Ø - n¬ HcSn apt∂m-´p-h-bv°p-hm≥ km[n-®n-´n-√m-Ø-ÿn-Xn°p ln¥p-a-XØn¬ Ccp-∂p-sIm≠p Db-cp-∂-Im-cy-Øn¬ ]pe-b¿ Xosc \ncm-ic - m-bn-cn-°p∂p F∂p B ]pe-b{- ]-amWn ]d-™p-hs - {X. A[x-]-Xn®v \njvTp-c-amb ln¥p-asX! \n∂n¬ hniz-kn®p ""tdm´n¬ \S- ° p- h m≥ A\p- h - Z n- ° - s W'' F∂v bmNn°p∂htcmSp adp-]Sn ]d-bm\pw IqSn \o {i≤n-°p-∂n-√t- √m.'

apkveow kap-Zmb ]cn-jvI-c-Whpw am[y-a-ßfpw lnμpa-X-Øn¬ am{Xw HXp-ßn-b-Xm-bn-cp-∂n√ A∂sØ ]cnjvIc - W {]h¿Ø-\ß - ƒ. apl-ΩZv A_vZp-dl - vam-s\bpw h°w aue-

ss\-an-im-c-Wyw--

kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws

79

hn-sbbpw t]mep-≈-h¿ \S-Ønb CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ apkveow kapZmb-Øn¬ henb am‰w krjvSn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Cu {]iv\-ß-sfbpw A∂v ]{X-ßfpw a‰p {]kn-≤o-I-c-ßfpw Ah-bpsS apJy-hn-j-b-ambn Xs∂ ssIImcyw sNbvXp. F¶nepw apkveow kap-Zm-b-Øn\p-≈n¬ kzm[o\w sNep-Øp-I-sb∂ e£y-tØmsS CXns\ ap∂n¬\n∂v \bn-®Xv "A¬-˛-A-an≥', "A¬-˛-Ckvemw' XpSßnb {]kn-≤o-I-c-W-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p. Ch-bn¬ hcp∂ teJ-\-߃ ]p\x-{]-kn-≤o-I-cn®v a‰p ]{X-ßfpw CXc kap-Zm-b-ß-fnse \thm∞m\ {ia-ß-sf t{]m’m-ln-∏n-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. apkveow aX ]cnjvI-c-W-Øn-\mbn "Ckvemw aX kw{Klw' F∂ t]cn¬ teJ\-߃ \evIpIbmWv ktlm-Z-c≥ sNbvX-Xv. A¬˛Ckvem-anh∂ kz`mh kwkvI-cWw F∂ teJ\w "ktlm-Z-c≥' ]p\x{]kn≤o-Icn-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. AXn-ß-s\-bmWv: "Ckvemw aX-Øns‚ {][m\ Dt±-i-ß-fn¬ H∂mWv kz`mh kwkvI-c-Ww. F∂-√, "k¬Kp-W-ßsf ]q¿Øo-I-cn-°p-∂Xn-\m-bn-´s{X Rm≥ \ntbm-Kn-°-s∏-´n-´p-≈-Xv.'' F∂p \_n (- k ) Acp- f n- s N- b v X n- c n- ° p- ∂ Xp t\m°n- b m¬ Zo\ns‚ (Ckvemw aX-Øn-s‚) s]mXp-hmb Dt±iyw Xs∂ kz`mh kwkvI-c-W-am-sW∂p ImWm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv.'

A‘hn-izm-k-ßfpw A\m-Nm-c-ßfpw kmaq-lnI ]cn-jvI-c-W-Øns‚ `mKw Xs∂-bm-bn-cp∂p A‘hn-izm-k-Øn-s\-Xn-cmbn \S∂ {]Nm-c-W-ßfpw A\m-Nm-c-߃ \n¿Ø-em-°m≥ \S-Ønb t_m[-h-XvI-cW {ia-ßfpw. CXnG‰hpw {it≤-b-am-bXv Xncp-hnXmwIq¿ cmPmhv A\p-jvTn-®p-h∂ apd-P-]sØ Ipdn-®p≈ hm¿Ø-I-fm-Wv. cmPy-߃ Iogvs∏-Sp-Øm\p≈ bp≤-Øn-\n-S-bn¬ \S-Øp∂ sIme-]m-X-I-ß-fp-sSbpw a‰v lnwk-I-fp-sSbpw tZmjw Xo¿°m-\mbn am¿Øm-WvV-h¿a-bpsS Imew apX¬ Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ cmP-°m-∑m¿ A\p-jvTn-®p-h∂ BNmc-amWv apd-P-]w. ]e- `m-K-ß-fn¬\n-∂mbn {]tXyIw £Wn-s®Øp∂ \ºq-Xn-cn-am¿ Igp-؉w sh≈-Øn-en-dßn \S-Øn-h∂ {]tXyI NS-ßm-bn-cp∂p AXv. Bdp h¿jw IqSp-tºm-gm-bn-cp∂p Cu ]m]]cn-lmc{Inb. Bbn-c-°-W-°n\v \ºq-Xn-cn-am¿°v 56 Znhkw hnin-jvSy-t`m-Py-߃ \¬In Xr]vXn-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂X - m-bn-cp∂p

- fpws 80 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

CXnse sNe-th-dnb NS-ßp-I-fn-sem-∂v. \nIpXn∏Ww D]-tbmKn®v \ºq-Xn-cn-am¿°p-am-{X-ambn cmPmhv \S-Øp∂ Cu NS-ßn-s\Xnsc Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬ henb tXmXn-ep≈ Aa¿jw Db¿∂p-h∂p. CXv \n¿Ø-em-°-W-sa-∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p s]mXp-P-ß-fn¬ A∂p≠mb i‡-amb hnIm-cw. A°mcyw Ac-°n-´p-d-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\pw apd-P-]-Øn-s\-Xn-cmb P\-Iob hnImcw Db¿Øn-s°m-≠p-h-cp-∂Xn\pw ]{X-߃ henb ]¶p-h-ln-°p-I-bp-≠mbn. ka-Z¿in, tIcf IuapZn, tIk-cn, ktlm-Z-c≥, amXr-`qan XpS-ßnb ]{X-ß-sf√mw Xs∂ apd-P-]-Øn\pw Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ cmPm-hns‚ [q¿Øn-s\-Xnscbpw i‡-am-b \ne-]m-Sp-I-fm-sW-Sp-Ø-Xv. apd-P-]m-N-cW ka-bØv Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcsØ hen-b-tIm-bn-°¬, iwJp-ap-Jw, ss\Xm-t»-cn-aT - w, an{Xm-\μ - ] - p-cw, {ioI-WvtT-iz-cw F∂nh-S-ß-fn¬ 16 henb ]pc-I-fmWv \ºq-Xn-c-am¿°v Xma-kn-°m≥ am{X-ambn sI´n-s∏m-°n-b-Xv. Hmtcm s\Sp-ºp-c-bnepw 150-˛160 t]¿°v InS-°m-\p≈ I´nepw A\p-_‘ kma-{Kn-Ifpw k÷-am-°pw. 100 ]d Acn-sIm-≠p≈ tNmdpw sIt¶-a-amb kZybpw Ch¿°mbn Hcp-°pw. CØcw Imcy-߃°p ]pdsa \ºq-Xn-cn-amsc £Wn-®psIm-≠p-h-cm-\mbn \S-Øp∂ NSßpw sNe-th-dn-b-Xm-bn-cp-∂p.

CØcw sNe-hp-Iƒ t\cn´v I≠p-sIm-≠n-cp∂ km[m-cW°mcnte°v ]{X-ß-fpsS CS-s]S¬ {]Xn-tj[w i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p≈ henb klm-b-ambn amdn. Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dnse ]{X-߃ am{X-a√ Cu \nIr-jvSm-Nm-c-Øn-s\-Xn-cmbn \ne-sIm-≠Xv F∂-XmWv amXr`qanbpsS CS-s]-SeneqsS hy‡-am-Ip-∂-Xv. F¶nepw \nc-h[n h¿jß-sf-Sp-Øp-am-{Xta apd-P]w \n¿Øm-\p≈ t]mcm´w hnP-b-Ønse-Øn-°m-\m-bp-≈q. ssh°w kXym-{K-l-Øn\v apºv apd-P-]-Øns‚ Nn´-h-´-߃ hfsc I¿i-\-am-bmWv ]men-®p-t]m-∂n-cp-∂-Xv. Xncp-hn-Xm-Iq¿ cmPmhns‚ A[n-Im-chpw cmP-Ip-Spw-_h - p-ambn _‘-s∏-´p-In-S° - p-∂h - ¿°v e`n-®n-cp∂ khn-ti-jm-[n-Im-chpw apd-P-]ImeØv IogvPm-Xn-°msc a‰p tPmen-I-sf-Sp-°p-∂-Xn\v t]mepw XS- -s∏-Sp-Øn. Hcn-°¬ apdP] \S-Øn-∏ns‚ {]tXyI DtZym-K-ÿ≥ IqSn-bm-bn-cp∂ Pn√m aPn-kvt{S‰v kn tKmhn-μ-∏n≈, tImS-Xn-bn¬ lmP-cmb IogvPm-Xn°m-c-\mb h°o-¬ ]n F≥ am[-hs\ Abn-Ø-Øns‚ t]cntImS-Xn-bn¬\n∂v ]pd-Øm-°p∂ kμ¿`w hsc-bp-≠m-bn. tImS-

ss\-an-im-c-Wyw--

kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws

81

Xn-bn¬ lmP-cmb h°o-ens\ aPn-kvt{S‰v AbnØw I¬∏n®v ]pdØm-°nb Cu kw`hw henb {i≤-bm-I¿jn-®p. Sn sI am[-hs‚bpw sI Pn Ip™p-Ir-jvW-]n-≈-bp-sSbpw Fw Pn tIi-h-]n-≈bp-sSbpw kn tIi-h-s‚-bp-sa√mw t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ henb {]t£m`-߃ Ac-tß-dn.

Cu kw`hw kn. tIi-h≥ hnh-cn-°p-∂Xv Cß-s\-bmWv: "99-˛mam≠m-Wv. A∂v ]nF≥ am[-h≥ h°o-emWv. _n F]mkmb Cugh h°o-e-∑m¿ Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-cØv A∂p thsd C√. As°m√w Xpem-Øn¬ apd-P-]-am-bn, ]fl-\m-`-kzman t£{X-Øn¬. ]≠v, 925¬ am¿Ø-WvU-h¿Ω Xncp-hn-XmwIq¿ kwÿm\w ]fl-\m-`s‚ Xr∏-Sn-bn¬ Zm\w sNøp-tºmƒ Bdp sIm√w IqSq-tºmƒ Hcp-X-hW hoXw 25 apd-P-]-Øn\v hyhÿ sNbvXn-cp-∂p-h-s{X. 150 sIm√w-sIm≠v Ah-km\n-°p∂ Hcp b⁄-Øn\v. 25 Xh-W-bpw, 150 sIm√hpw Ign™n-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw B b⁄w 90epw Ah-km-\n-®n-√. Cu 1129-˛epw Ah-km-\n-®n´n√. hS-°p-In-S-°p∂ \ºq-Xn-cn-am-scsb√mw £Wn-®p-h-cp-Øn, Hcp aWvU-e-°mew Ipim-embn kZybpw k¿Δm-Wnbpw sImSp-°p∂ Hcp IY-bn-√m-bva-. Cu A\m-Nm-c-Øn¬ henb {]Xn-tj[w s]m¥n-h∂ Ime-am-bncp∂p AXv. Cug-h-cpsS t£{X-{]-th-i\ {]t£m-`-W-Øn\v B\p-jw-Kn-I-ambn CØcw ]e "]m¿iz--hmZ'ßfpw D¤-hn®n-cp-∂p. apd-P-]-°m-esØ tIm´-bv°Iw H∂p ImtW-≠-XpX-s∂. ae-bm-f-{_m-“-W-cp-sSbpw ]c-tZ-i-{_m-“-W-cp-sSbpw, \mb-cp-sSbpw ]Xm-I-Iƒ tIm´-bv°-IØp ]mdn-°-fn-°p∂ Hcp A]q¿hm-h-k-cw. apd-P-]-°-´nepw apd-P-]-°p-´n-Ifpw ]gsam-gn-I-fm-Wv. apd-P-]-°m-eØv Cug-h¿°pw a‰pw tIm´-bv°IØv {]th-i\w hne-°-s∏-´n-cp-∂n-√. ]t£, AØ-hW Cuh-scbpw a‰pw tIm´-bv°-IØp Imep-Ip-Øm≥ A\p-h-Zn°-cp-sX-sb∂p ]´m-f-Øn\v hcpXn sImSp-Øn-cn-°p-∂-Xmbn Hcp tIm´ shSn, A∂p Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-c-Øp-\n∂v ]pd-s∏-´psIm-≠n-cn-°p∂ ka-Z¿in apg-°n. tIcf Iuap-Znbpw Acniw-sIm-≠v, apd-P-]-Øns‚ D¤-hhpw Ncn-{Xhpw IY-bn-√m-

- fpws 82 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

bvab - p-sams° Nq≠n-°mWn-®v, A©p-e£w cq]-bpsS ]mgvs®e-hns\ sh√p-hn-fn-®p. apd-P-]-Øn\v F{X Bbncw "tImWI' ßfmWv th≠n- b n- c n- ° p- ∂ - s X∂v k¿°m¿ IW°pIƒ IuapZn D≤-cn-®p. ]´m-f-Øn\v hcp-Xn-sIm-Sp-Øn-´p-s≠t∂m Cs√t∂m k¿°m¿ ]d-™n-√. Cu ÿnXn-K-Xn-I-fn¬ `mKyw sI´ Hcog-h≥ `mKyw sI´ Hcp Cug-h-h-°o-ens\ AXym-hiy-ambn tImS-Xn-bn¬ lmP-cm-Ip-∂X - n\v Hcp tIkp-ambn kao]n-®p. tIkv t]jvIm-cpsS apºn-em-Wv. t]jvIm¿ kn. tKmhnμ-∏n-≈-bmWv-˛No^v sk{I-´-dn-bm-bn-cp∂ Pn F≥ Xºn-bpsS AΩm-h≥. kn tKmhn-μ∏ - n≈ PmXn-°d t]mbn-´n-√mØ DtZymK-ÿ-\p-am-Wv. tIm´-bv°Iw D’h aT-Øn-emWv B alm≥, apd-P]w BI-bm¬, It®cn sNøp-∂-Xv. At±-l-Øns‚ apºn¬ lmP-cm-tI≠ \n¿`mKyw {Kkn® Cug-h-h-°oFs‚ kvt\ln-X≥ ]nF≥ am[-h-\m-bn-cp-∂p. ]t≠ Hcp a[m-h-hn-tZz-jn-bm-bn-cp∂p tKmhn-μ-∏n≈ t]jvIm¿. hS°p t]jvIm-cm-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ thsdmcp Cugh am[-hs\ ]pdØp-Nm-Sn® Ncn{Xw At±-l-Øn-\p-≠v. IuapZn ]d-™p, cmhWs‚ `Im-c-`bw t]mse-bm-bn-cp∂p tKmhn-μ-∏n-≈-bpsS aImc- ` bw F∂v . ]n F≥ am[- h - s \bpw At±lw It®- c nbn¬\n∂p ]pd-Øp-Nm-Sn-®p. I£n°p tIkpw h°o-en\v ^okpw \jvSs - ∏-´p. am[-h≥ Cu Ah-tl-f\w Hcp t£m`hpw IqSmsX hmßn t]m°-‰n-en´p sIm≠p-t]m-∂p. ]s£, thsdmcp am[-h\v Fß-s\tbm Cu kw`-h-Øns‚ K‘w In´n. At±lw "]pI-bp-a-·n-_mWw t]m¬' RßfpsS temUvPn¬ ]ms™-Øn. AXv Sn sI am[-h-\m-bn-cp∂p. Hcp sskzcyhpw B¿°pw sImSp-°m≥ At±lw k∂≤-\m-bn-√. Iºn-bm-bn, a{Zmkv ]{X-߃°v. tImem-l-e-ambn. \msSm-´p°v Hcp henb {]t£m-`Ww Xs∂ At±lw Agn-®p-hn-´p. ]ucm-h-Im-i-`-RvP\w [n°m-c-Øns‚ hI-t`-Zambn At±lw FÆn. Rm\pw At±-l-Øn\v kao]w \n∂p Pzen-®p. Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw F¬ Fw Fkv lmfn¬ Nß-\mt»-cn-bpsS A[y-£-X-bn¬ AXn-Kw-`o-c-amb Hcp alm-tbmKw

ss\-an-im-c-Wyw--

kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws

83

IqSn. sI Pn Ip™p-Ir-jvW] - n-≈b - pw, Fw Pn tIi-h] - n-≈bpw A∂p Xos∏mcn ]d-°p∂ {]kw-K-߃ sNbvXmbn Rm≥ Hm¿Ωn-°p-∂p. t_mws_-bnepw sImfw-_nepw Hs° {]Xntj-[-߃ \S-∂p. ]e alm-tbm-K-ßfpw IqSn. ]{X-ß-sf√mw Cu A\o-Xnsb FXn¿Øp apJ-{]-kw-K-߃ FgpXn' ˛ kn tIi-h≥, Pohn-X-k-a-cw "apd-P] ASn-b-¥-c-Øns‚ amlmflyw!' F∂ Xe-s°t´msSbm-bn-cp∂p amXr-`qan Cu kw`hw hm¿Ø-bm°nbXv. "tImS-Xnbn¬\n∂v ]pd-Ømb Hcp Abn-Ø-°m-c≥ h°o-ens‚ A\p-`hw' F∂phn-i-Zo-I-cn®v, ]pd-Øm-°-s∏´ h°o¬ ]nF≥ am[-h≥ FgpXnb Ipdn∏v amXr-`q-an \¬In. AXv Cßs\: "apd-P] ASn-b-¥-c-Øns‚ ]cn-ip-≤-Xsb \ne-\n¿Øphm≥ Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw tIm´-bv°-I-Øp≈ tImS-Xn-\n∂p ]pd-Øm°-s∏´ h°o¬ ]n F≥ am[-h≥ Ah¿Iƒ _n F _F]{Xß-fn-te°v C{]-Imcw Fgp-Xn-bn-cn-°p-∂p:˛ "C∂se 22-˛mw XoøXn D®-Xn-cn™p aq∂p-aWn°v Ime-lc-W-s∏-´p-t]m-Im≥ ASp-Øncp∂ Hcp A∏o¬ ^b-em-°phm≥ Rm≥ Unhn-j≥ It®-cn-bn¬ t]mbn....' F∂p-Xp-Sßn-bmWv ]n F≥ am[-h≥ Ipdn-s∏-gp-Xn-b-Xv. tImS-Xn-bn\S∂ Imcy-߃ ]n∂oSv khn-kvXcw {]Xn-]m-Zn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. Cu kw`hw tZiob {i≤ t\Sn-sb-¶nepw apd-P]w \n¿Øp-∂Xn\v Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ Xøm-dm-bn-√. ]ns∂bpw ]e-X-hW apd-P]w Bh¿Øn-°-s∏-´p. ]{X-߃ \nc-¥cw CXns\-Xnsc Fgp-Xp-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]{X-߃ Iptd-°qSn kPo-h-am-hpIbpw A[n- I m- c nIsf apJw- t \m- ° msX hna¿in- ° m- \ p≈ ss[cyam¿Pn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp-I-gn-™n-cp∂p At∏mƒ. sIm®nbn¬\n-∂p≈ "ktlm-Z-c≥' aq∂mw e°w ]pd-Øn-d-ßn-bXv apd-P]sØ \nin-X-ambn hna¿in-®p-sIm-≠mWv: "Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dn¬ apd-P]w Bcw-`n-®n-cn-°p-∂p. F√m-h¿°pw IqSnbp≈ kzØv Nnehp sNbvXv {]tXyIw Nnesc £Wn-

- fpws 84 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

®p-h-cpØn c≠p-am-k-°mew \m\m-t`m-K-ßsf-sIm-≠m-cm-[n®v aS°n Ab-°p∂ Cu \oXn-bn-√mØ G¿∏mSns\ icn-bmb ]ucm-h-Imit_m[-ap≈ Nne¿ A[n-t£-]n-°p-∂-Xn¬ AXni-bn-°m-s\m-∂p-an-√.' ˛ktlm-Z-c≥ aq∂mw e°w 1940-I-fn¬ ho≠pw apd-P-]-Øn\v Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ cmP-Ip-Spw_w tIm∏p-Iq-´n-b-t∏mƒ kmaq-lnI CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ henb tXmXnDb¿∂p-h-∂p. ]{X-߃ IqSp-X¬ i‡n-tbmsS B™-Sn-®p. apd-P]-Øn-s\-Xnsc \ºq-Xn-cn-am¿°n-Sn-bnepw FXn¿∏v At∏m-tg°pw Db¿∂p-I-gn-™n-cp-∂p. "-ap-d-P]w \n¿ØpI Xs∂ thWw' F∂mhiy-s∏´v hS-°n-√Øv DÆn-\º - q-Xn-cn-∏mSns‚ teJ\w amXr-`qan {]kn≤o-I-cn-®p. apd-P-]-Øns‚ Ncn-{Xhpw At∏mƒ \S-°m\n-cn-°p∂ apd-P] NS-ßns‚ [q¿Øpw hni-Zo-I-cn-®p-≈-Xm-bn-cp∂p teJ-\w. {]t£m-`-߃s°m∂pw hg-ßm≥ Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ cmP-Ip-Spw_w Xøm-dm-bn-s√-¶nepw kzmX-{¥y-{]m-]vXn-°p-tijw apd-P]w \S-Øm≥ cmP-Ip-Spw_w Xøm-dm-bn-´n-√.

A\m-Nm-c-ß-fp-sSbpw A‘-hn-izm-k-ß-fp-sSbpw Iq´-s∏-cp-°H∂pam-{X-am-bn-cp∂p apd-P] - w. CXn-s\-Xn-cmb {]Nm-cW - ß - ƒt]mse Xs∂ kaq-l-Øns‚ Htcm `mKØpw A\m-Nm-c-߃s°-Xn-cmb {]Nm-c-W-߃ i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ \thm-∞m\ \mb-I¿°v km[n®n-cp-∂p. `K-hXn t£{X-߃ tI{μo-I-cn-®p≈ arK-_-en-bm-bn-cp∂p CXn¬ {]mIr-X-amb NS-ßp-I-fn-sem-∂v. arK-_en \ndp-Ø-em-°p∂-Xn-\p≈ Xo{h-{i-a-߃ kaq-l-Øn¬ \S-∂-Xns‚ {]Xn-^-e\w A∂sØ ]{X-ßfn¬ ImWm≥ km[n-°p-∂-tX-bp-≈q. ]ptcm-K-a\m- i - b - ° m- c mb sNdp- ∏ - ° m- c psS ]cn- { i- a - ^ - e - a mbn arK- _ en \n¿Ønb kw`-h-ßfpw Ht´-sd-bp-≠m-bn. AsX√mw hm¿Ø-bmbn \¬In A\m-Nm-c-Øn-s\-Xn-cmb t]mcm´w ]{X-ßfpw i‡n-s∏-SpØn. tIk-cn-bn¬ "arK-_en \ndp-ج' F∂ Xe-s°-´n¬ h∂ Hcp hm¿Ø \m´n¬ \S-°p∂ CØcw {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS {]Xn^-e-\-am-bn-cp∂p: "tImX-°p-dp»n-bnse "A\w-K\ - S- n-bp-hP - \ kwL' Øns‚ ]cn{i-a^ - e - a - mbn ]cn-kc - {- ]-tZ-iß-fn-ep≈ an° `K-hX - n-t£-{Xß-fnepw arK-_en Xosc \n¿Ø¬ sNbvXn-cn-°p-∂X - mbn Adn-

ss\-an-im-c-Wyw--

kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws

85

bp-∂p. arK-_en hgn-]m-Sp-Iƒ taen¬ Bcpw t\c-cp-sX∂pw, t\¿∂p-In-S∏ - p-≈h _en-{In-bI - q-SmsX a‰p h√ hgn-]m-Sp-If - pambn Ign-∏m\pw A`y¿∞n-®p-sIm≠p am\y-∑m-cmb ]ecpw tN¿∂p Hcp hn⁄m-]\hpw {]kn-≤s - ∏-Sp-Øn-bn´p≠v'.

A\m- N m- c - ß ƒs°- X n- c mb {]- h ¿Ø- \ - ß ƒs°m∏w Xs∂ A‘-hn-izm-k-߃ C√m-Xm-°m-\p≈ {ia-ßfpw \thm-∞m-\-]mXbn¬ A\p-{I-a-ambn \S-∂p-h-cp∂p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. A‘-hn-izm-kßsf t{]m’m-ln-∏n-®p-sIm≠v \thm-∞m\ e£yw ssIh-cn-°m≥ Ign-bn-s√∂ bmYm¿Yy-a-dn-bp-∂-Xp-sIm-≠p-X-s∂-bm-bn-cp∂p A∂v Cu cnXn-bn-ep≈ t_m[-h-XvI-c-Whpw \S-∂-Xv. \thm-∞m\ hgnbn-eqsS kaq-lsØ \bn® ]{X-ßf - n¬ ]eXpw A‘-hn-izm-ksØ C√m-Xm-°m≥ ap≥ssI FSp-Øn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬, hnizm-khpw A‘hn-izm-khpw th¿Xn-cn-®d - n-bm-\m-ImØ kμ¿`-߃ hcp-tºmƒ ]{X߃ ]e-t∏mgpw ]n¥n-cn-™p. lcn-∏m-Sp-\n∂v hymgmgvN tXmdpw {]kn-≤o-I-cn® "`mcX XmcI' 1927 \hw-_¿ 24\v ]pd-Øn-d-ßnbXv (]p-kvXIw 10, e°w 13) ckI-c-amb Hcp hm¿ØtbmsS-bm-bn-cp-∂p. "Ip´n-®m-Øs‚ Iøv' F∂ Xe-s°-´n¬ H∂mw-t]-Pn¬ \¬Inb hm¿Ø CXm-bn-cp∂p: "`h-\-ß-fn¬ XosIm-fp-Øp-I, Bfp-Isf ASn-°p-I, hkv{X߃ Iodp-I, kmam-\-ßsf -H-fn-®p-I-f-bp-I, `£-W-km-[-\ß-fn¬ Ata-≤ym-Zn-Iƒ hnX-dpI apX-emb A{I-a-߃ {]h¿Øn®pw A]q¿hw Nne-t∏mƒ IØp-Iƒ Fgp-Xnbpw i_vZ-߃ ]pd-s∏-Sp-hn®pw, Acq-]n-bm-sW-¶nepw kzcq]w Im´nbpw P\-ßsf D]-{Z-hn-®p-t]m-cp∂ Hcp tZh-\m-Wt√m Ip´n-®m-Ø≥. Ip´n-®m-Ø-s\-∏-‰n-bp≈ IY-Iƒ \ΩpsS-bn-Sbn¬ GXp-\m-´nepw ""h≠n''-°-W-°n\p ]fin-X-]m-a-c-∑m¿ Hcp-t]mse ]d-™p-h-cp-∂p-≠v. ]uckvXy-∑m¿ A‘-hn-izmkn-I-fm-sW∂pw AXn-\m¬ Ah¿ ]d-bp∂ `qX-t{]-X-]n-imNm-Zn-Iƒ shdpw sI´p-I-Y-I-fm-sW∂pw a‰pw ]d™p ]cn-lkn-°pI ]m›m-Xy-∑m¿°p ]Xn-hm-Wv. ""kv]ncn-Nz-en-k''hpw a‰pw ]Sn-™m-d≥ Zn°p-I-fn¬ thcq-∂p-Ibpw AXn-\\p-cq-]ß-fmb {]mtbm-KnI Zr„m-¥-߃ A\p`-h-cq-t]W {]Xy-

- fpws 86 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

£-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNbvX-tXm-Sp-IqSn AXo-{μn-b-i-‡n-I-fpsS hmkvX-h-Øn¬ Ahcpw Gsd-°ptd hnizmkw ImWn-®p-Xp-Sßn-bn-´p-≠v. CXns\ H∂p-IqSn _e-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ \ΩpsS Ip´n®m-Ø≥ ]Xps° Ata-cn-°-bn-te°v {]bmWw sNbvXn-cn°p-I-bm-Wv. AhnsS HmSp-I, NmSp-I, BSp-I, ]mSp-I apXemb ]eIrXn-Ifpw Im´n. HSp-hn¬ hkv{X-Øn¬ Xo sImfpØn-Øp-S-ßn. ho´p-Im¿ thsdm-cn-S-tØ°v amdn. NmØ\pw IqsS-Ø-s∂, hoSn-s\-b√ Bfn-s\-bmWv NmØ≥ ]nSn-Iq-Snb-sX∂p At∏mƒ {Kln-®p. NmØs‚ i_vZw Fen- I-c-bp∂-Xn\v Xpey-am-sW∂v ]ecpw A`n-{]m-b-s∏-´p. kw`hw CXmWv: Hcp- ho-´n¬ Xq°n-bn-´n-cn-°p∂ Hcp aWn- hnSmsX ASn-°p-∂Xv tI´v ho´p-Im¿ sN∂p-t\m-°n-b-t∏mƒ aWn-bnHcp ssI Xqßn-°n-S-°p-∂-Xp-I-≠p. IdpØ B ssIbn\p a\p-jy-∑m-cpsS ssIbn¬\n∂v A©n-cn´n hen-∏-ap-≠v. C{Xbp-am-b-t∏mƒ ho´p-Im¿ hnhcw t]meo-kn¬ Adn-hp-sIm-SpØp. Ct∏mƒ t]meo- k p- I m¿ NmØs\ ]nSn- ° m≥ ]pcbv°pNp‰pw Imh¬ \nevIp-I-bm-W-s{X.'

]{X-am-cW \nb-a-߃ 19˛mw \q‰m≠ns‚ HSp-hnepw 20˛mw \q‰m≠ns‚ BZy Zi-I-ßfnepw ]cn-jvI-cW {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ henb Xm¬]cyw ImWn°m-Xn-cp∂ ÿm\-ØmWv ]{X-{]h¿Ø-\Øns‚ KXn-am‰w km[yam-°n-s°m≠v ta¬∏-d™ ]{X-ß-fpsS Bhn¿`m-hhpw hf¿®-bpw.

20˛mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ BZy Zi-I-ß-fn¬ IqSp-X¬ ae-bmf ]{X-߃ {]kn-≤o-I-cWw XpS-ßn-sb-¶nepw Npcp°w Nne-Xp-am-{Xta tZiob {]ÿm-\-Øn\pw ]cn-jvI-cW {]h¿Ø-\-߃°pw Du∂¬\¬Inbp≈q F∂-XmWv hkvXp-X. F¶nepw A[n-Im-cn-Isf {]oWn-∏n® a‰p-]-{X-ß-tf-°mƒ P\m-`n-{]mbw cq]o-I-cn-°m≥ tZio-b-˛-\-thm∞m\ {]ÿm-\-ßsf ]n¥p-W® ]{X-߃°m-bn. kaq-l-Ønse Cu am‰w AwKo-I-cn-®p-sIm-≠v BZy-Im-eØv hnap-JX ImWn-®ncp∂ ]{X-߃°v ]n∂oSv CXns\m∏w \n¬t°-≠n-h-cn-Ibpw sNbvXp.

ss\-an-im-c-Wyw--

kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws

87

hm¿Ø-Iƒ \¬Ip-∂-Xn-ep-]cn hkvXp-X-Isf DØ-c-hm-Zn-Øt_m-[-tØmSp IqSn Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-Ibpw AXv ]{X-Øns‚ \ne]m-Sp-I-fmbn {]Jym-]n-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ coXn-bm-bn-cp∂p A∂v \thm-∞m\ ]mX-bn¬ k©-cn® ]{X-߃ kzoI-cn-®n-cp-∂X - v. AXpsIm-≠p-Xs∂ hm¿Ø-Iƒ hmbn-°p-tºmƒXs∂ {]kvXpX hnjb-Øn¬ ]{X-Øns‚ kao-]\w Fs¥∂v t_m[y-s∏Spam-bn-cp-∂p. kaqlw Fßs\ Nn¥n-°-W-sa∂ kqN\ \¬Ip∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p CØcw hm¿Ø-I-sf-√mw.

F∂m¬, kaq-lsØ ap∂n¬\n∂v \bn® Cu ]{Xß-fn_lp-`q-cn-]-£-Øn\pw Gsd-\mƒ ]nSn-®p-\n¬°m≥ km[n-®n-√. {_n´ojv `c-WIqS-Øn-s‚bpw Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ cmPmhns‚bpw I¿°i \S-]-Sn-Ifpw tZiob {]ÿm-\Øn\v t\XrXzw sImSpØ ]{X-ß-fpsS \ne-\n¬∏n\pw hf¿®bv°pw henb hnLm-X-am-bn. k¿°m-dns\ A\p-Iq-en® ]{X-߃°p-am-{X-amWv ]nSn-®p-\n¬°m\m-b-Xv. A]-hm-Z-am-bXv henb t\Xm-°-fpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬\-SØn-h∂ Npcp°w ]{X-߃°p-am-{Xw. amXr-`q-an, A¬ Aao≥, tIkcn, tIcf IuapZn, kn tIi-hs‚ Iuap-Zn, ae-bm-fn, \hi‡n, \h-tI-c-fw, tIc-f-Zm-k≥, bph-`m-c-Xn, tIcf ktμiw XpSßn \nc-h[n ]{X-߃°pw B\p-Im-en-I-߃°pw `c-W-Iq-S-Øns‚ sImSnb ASn-®-a¿Ø¬ \S-]-Sn-Isf A°m-eØv t\cn-tS-≠n-h-∂p. tZiob Xe-Øn¬ tIm¨{K-kns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ knhn¬ \nba-ew-L\ {]ÿm\w XpS-ßn-b-tXmsS, {]t£m-`-Øn\v A\-pIqe \ne-]m-sS-SpØ ae-bmf {]kn-≤o-I-c-W-ßfpw AXns\ i‡n-s∏SpØp∂ \ne-]msSSp-Øp. CtXmsSbmWv ]{X-ßsf \nb-{¥n-°p∂-Xn\v {_n´ojv `c-W-Iq-Sw Hcp-sº-´n-d-ßn-b-Xv. tZiob Xe-Øn]{X-ßsf \nb-{¥n-°m-\mbn 1910¬ sIm≠p-h∂ \nb-asØ Hcp Hm¿Un-\≥kn-eqsS IqSp-X¬ I¿°-i-am-°n-bmbn-cp∂p {_n´ojv `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-IfpsS ]{X-th-´. AXns‚ Nph-Sp-]nSn®v sIm®n cmPyØpw Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dnepw ]{X-ßsf \nb-{¥n-°m-\p≈ \S]-Sn-Iƒ XpS-ßn. 1934¬ ]{X-kzm-X{¥yw ]cn-an-X-s∏-Sp-Øn-bp≈ _n¬ sIm®n-cm-PyØpw 1935¬ Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iqdnepw sIm≠p-h-∂p. k¿°m-dn\v henb Xe-th-Z-\-bm-bn-cp∂ "tIkcn'bpsS {]kn≤o-I-cWw \n¬Øp-I-sb-∂-Xp-X-s∂-bm-bn-cp∂p Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ ]{X-\n-ba t`Z-K-Xn-bpsS {][m\ e£yw. AXn-\p-ap-tº-Xs∂

- fpws 88 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

tIkcn _me-Ir-jvW-∏n-≈bvs°Xnsc cmPy-t{Zml°p‰w NpaØn k¿°m¿\-S-]-Sn-Iƒ XpS-ßn-bn-cp-∂p. ka-Z¿in-bn¬\n∂v amdn "{]t_m-[I'\neq-sSbpw AXv I≠p-sI-´n-b-Xns\ XpS¿∂v "tIkcn' bneq-sSbpw k¿°m¿ hna¿i\w XpS¿∂n-cp∂ _me-Ir-jvW-∏n≈sb \nb-{¥n-°m≥ ]{X-\n-ba t`Z-K-Xn-bneqsS km[n-°p-sa∂v Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ alm-cm-Pmhv Icp-Xn. Aß-s\-bmWv ]{X-ssek≥kp-Iƒ ssIam‰w sNøp-∂Xv \ntcm-[n-®p-sIm≠v \nb-a-t`-ZKXn sIm≠p-h-∂-Xv. kz¥w t]cn¬ ssek≥kn-√msX ]{Xw \SØp-∂-h¿ {]tXyIw ssek≥kv FSp-°-W-sa∂v \nb-a-Ønhyhÿ sNbvXp. 1,000 cq]-bmWv tIk-cn-tbmSv ssek≥kv ^okmbn Bh-iy-s∏-´-Xv. CXv \¬In-bmepw ]{Xw I≠p-sI-´m\p≈ km[y-X-Iƒ X≈n-°-f-bm-\m-hn-s√-∂-Xn-\m¬ _me-Ir-jvW∏n≈ "tIkcn' sb Ncn-{X-Øn-te°v hn´p. {]Nmc hep-∏-tØ°mƒ F{Xtbm hep-Xmbn kaq-lsØ Cf-°-a-dn-®-Xm-bn-cp∂p "tIkcn' bpsS ZuXyw. tIk-cn-bpsS {]h¿Ø\w \ne®-tXmsS ae-bmf ]{X-{]-h¿Ø\ssien-bpsS KXn-am-‰nb Hcp ]{X-amWv C√m-Xm-bXv.

hn[hm hnhm-l-Øn-te°v F∂m¬, \thm-∞m\ apt∂-‰-߃ AhnSwsIm≠v Ah-km-\n®n-cp-∂n-√. tIk-cnsb t]mep-≈-h¿ XosIm-fp-Øn-hn´ Nn¥m-[mcsb Gs‰-S-°m≥ ]n∂oSv ]ecpw apt∂m-´p-h-∂p. F¶nepw BbnSbv°vXs∂ ]cn-jvI-cW {]h¿Ø-\-Øn\v t\XrXzw sImSpØ BZy-Ime {]kn-≤o-I-c-W-ß-fn-te-sdbpw \ne-®-a-´m-bn-cp-∂p. "tIcf Iuap-Zn'bpw "amXr-`q-an'bpamWv \thm-∞m\ hgn-bnse FXn¿∏pI-fn¬ XfcmsX ]nSn-®p-\n¬°pIbpw AXns‚ t\XrXzw Gs‰-Sp°p-Ibpw sNbvX-Xv. At∏m-tg°pw tIc-f-Ønse tIm¨{K- ntkmjy-enÃv Bi-b-K-Xn-°m¿ kzm[o\w Dd-∏n-®-tXmsS cmjv{Sob cwKw s]mXpsh bmYm-ÿn-XnI Np‰p-]m-Sp-Isf s]m´n-s®-dn-bm-\p≈ tijn ssIh-cn-®n-cp-∂p.

AXn-¬ henb Nph-Sp-sh-∏m-bn-cp∂p \ºq-Xncn kap-Zm-b-Ønse hn[-hm-hn-hm-lw. tIc-f-Ønse kmaq-lnI kmwkvIm-cnI taJ-ebn¬ hnπ-hm-flI ]cn-h¿Ø-\-Øn\v XpS-°-an-´-Xm-bn-cp∂p hn[hm hnhm-lw. bmYm-ÿn-Xn-I-Xz-Øns‚ aXn¬s°-´p-Iƒ s]mfn-®v, a\-

ss\-an-im-c-Wyw--

kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws

89

I-fnse Ccp-´d - I - ƒ t`Zn®v Hcp hn[h ]pd-tØ-°p-hc - p-∂Xpw Ahsc kzoI-cn-°m≥ kzk-ap-Zm-b-Øn¬Xs∂ Hcp ]pcp-j≥ Xøm-dm-hp∂Xpw Hcp-t]mse {][m-\-s∏-´-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. 1934 sk]vXw-_¿ 13\mWv \ºq-Xncn kap-Zm-b-Ønse BZysØ hn[-hm-hn-hmlw tagtØmƒ {Kma-Øn¬ hn.Sn `´-Xn-cn-∏m-Sns‚ hk-Xn-bn¬ \S-∂-Xv. h[p C´y-º-d-ºØv hmkp-tZ-h≥ \ºq-Xncn-bpsS aIfpw hn.Sn-bpsS `mcym-k-tlm-Z-cn-bp-amb Dam-tZhn A¥¿P-\w. hc≥ "Fw.-B¿._n' F∂ ht∂cn ap√-aw-K-eØv cma≥ `´-Xn-cn-∏mSv. c≠mw hnhm-lØn\v Hcp-ßp-tºmƒ Ccp-]X - p-am-{X-am-bn-cp∂p Dam-tZ-hn-bpsS {]mbw. c≠c hb- p≈ Ip´n-bpsS AΩ-bpw. h[p-hn-s\-°mƒ c≠p-h-b p-am-{X-amWv Fw.-B¿.-_n°v D≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. Cu hn[hm hnhmlw \S-°p-∂-Xn\v hfsc apºp-Xs∂ hn.Sn `´-Xn-cn-∏m-Sns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn-ep≈ A∂sØ \ºq-Xncn kap-Zm-bØnse bph-P\ hn`mKw CtX-°p-dn-®p≈ kPoh N¿®-Iƒ \SØn-bn-cp-∂p. B N¿®-I-fmWv hn.Sn bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬Xs∂ CØ-cs - amcp hnhm-lØ - n\v hgn-sbm-cp-°n-bX - v. "tbmK-t£aw' , "DÆn \ºq-Xncn' F∂o {]kn-≤o-I-c-W-ß-fn-se√mw hn[hm hnhmlØns‚ Bh-iy-I-X-bn¬ Du∂¬ \¬Inb teJ-\-߃ A°meØv hcn-Ibpw sNbvXp. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ BZy hn[hm hnhml-Øn\v henb {]m[m\yw \¬Im≥ "tbmK-t£a' hpw "DÆn-\ºq-Xncn' bpw Xøm-dm-bn. ]cn-jvI-cW {]h¿Ø-\-߃°v ]n¥pW \¬In h∂ "amXr-`qan' bpw henb {][m-\y-tØm-sS-bmWv BZy hn[hm hnhmlw dnt∏m¿´v sNbvX-Xv. "Ncn-{X-{]-[m-\-amb kw`hw' F∂v hnti-jn-∏n-®mWv "amXr-`qan' CXv hni-Za - mbn dnt∏m¿´v sNbvXXv: "tIc-f-°-c-bpsS \m\m-`m-K-Øp-\n∂pw FØn-t®¿∂ncp∂ kp{]-kn≤ \ºq-Xncn IpSpw-_mw-Kß - ƒ°p-]p-ds - a, t]sc-SpØ kap-Zmb t\Xm-°≥amcpw kzX-{¥-Nn-¥-I≥am-cp-ambn \m\mPmXn aX-ÿ-cmb kvXo]p-cp-j-∑m¿ Xnßn-°q-Sn-bn-cp∂ almk-Z - n¬ πm‰vt^m-dØ - n¬ {ioaXn Dam A¥¿P-\hpw {ioam≥ Fw.-B¿. `´-Xn-cnbpw ]cn-jvIr-X-co-Xn-bn¬ hkv{Xw [cn®v h∂n-cp-∂p. ip`-ap-lq¿Ø-Øn¬ hc≥ h[p-hns‚ Igp-ØnXmen-sI-´n. h[p Hcp ]pjv]-lmcw hcs\ AWn-bn-°p-Ibpw

- fpws 90 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

sNbvXp. X¬k-abw Hcp sNdnb a{¥w D®-cn-°-s∏-´p. hnhml-Øns‚ NSßpw CtXmsS Ah-km-\n®p' XpS¿∂v hnhm-l-Øn¬ ]s¶-SpØ {][m-\n-I-fpsS t]cpw A\¥cw \S∂ NSß-fp-Ifpw amXr-`qan hm¿Ø-bn¬ Dƒs°m-≈n-®p. hm¿Ø \¬IpI am{X-a√ - , CtX-°p-dn®v apJ-{]-kwKw Xs∂ FgpXn "amXr-`qan.' ]n∂oSpw CtXm-S-\p-_-‘n-®p≈ hm¿Ø-Ifpw teJ-\ßfpw ]{X-ß-fn¬ h∂p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. Hcp hnhm-l-Øn\v ]{X-Xmfp-I-fn¬ C{X-tbsd ÿew \o°n-sh® kw`hw AXn\v apºpw ]nºpw D≠m-bn-°m-Wn-√. \ºq-Xncn kap-Zm-bØ - n-ep-≠mb Cu apt∂‰-Øns‚ Ae-Iƒ CXc kap-Zm-b-ß-fn-te°pw {]h-ln-®p. AXv kaq-l-Øn¬ krjvSn® Ne\w A{X-h-ep-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. kmaq-lnI ]cn-jvI-cW ]£-Øp-\n-e-bp-d-∏n® {]k-≤o-I-c-W-ß-sf√mw Xs∂ CsX√mw henb {]m[m-\y-tØmsS \¬In-s°m-≠ncp∂p.

CØcw Ne-\-߃ \m´n¬ \-S-°p-∂-Xn-\n-S-bn-emWv 1935sjm¿Wq-cn¬\n∂v tIm¨{Kkv tkmjy-en-Ãp-I-fpsS hI-bmbn "{]`mXw' hmcnI ]pd-Øn-d-ßn-b-Xv. CFw-Fkv ]{Xm-[n-]-cm-bn-cp∂ "{]`m-Xw', tZiob {]t£m-`-sØ-sb∂t]mse \thm-∞m\ apt∂‰-ß-sfbpw t{]m’m-ln-∏n® {]kn-≤o-I-c-W-am-bncp-∂p. kmaq-lnI ]cn-jvI-cWhambn _‘-s∏´v ]{X-Øns‚ {]h¿Ø-\sØ Ipdn®v CFw-Fkv Xs∂ hnh-cn-°p∂Xvv Cß-s\-bmWv: "\nh¿Ø\ {]ÿm-\-Øn-s‚ Imcy-Øn¬ am{X-a-√, sslμ-thXc aX hn`m-K-ß-fp-sSbpw ]nt∂m° hn`m-K-ß-fn¬s∏´ sslμh kap-Zmb Bh-iy-߃, {]ÿm-\-߃ F∂n-h-bpsS Imcy-Øns]mXp-hnepw a‰v "tZio-b-hmZn' Ifn¬\n∂v hyXy-kvXamb Hcp \ne-]m-SmWv R߃ FSp-Ø-Xv. kh¿W-ln-μp-°-fpsS cmjv{Sob-ta-[m-hnØhpw P∑n-h¿K-Øns‚ kmº-ØnI ta[m-hn-Øhpw kln®v AS-ßn-sbm-Xpßn Ign-™p-Iq-Sm≥ Xømdn√mØ km[mc-W-°m¿ Xß-fpsS FXn¿∏v {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v kwL-SnX sXmgnemfn {]ÿm- \ - Ø ns‚bpw I¿j- I - { ]- ÿ m- \ - Ø n- s ‚bpw cq]Øn¬am-{X-a-√, Ah-i-Pm-Xn-°mcpw aX-\yq-\-]-£-ßfpw F∂ \nebv°v X߃°p≈ Bh-iy-ß-fp-ambn apt∂m-´p-h-cp-∂Xpw AhcpsS FXn¿∏ns‚ Hcp cq]-am-Wv, AXp-sIm≠v Ahbv°v t{]m’m-

ss\-an-im-c-Wyw--

kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws

91

l-\hpw t{]c-Wbpw \¬In Ahsb cmjv{Sobambn t\¿h-gn°v \bn-°m≥{i-an-°p-∂Xv ]ptcm-K-\-a-hm-Zn-I-fpsS IS-a-bmWv-˛C-Xmbn-cp∂p Rß-fpsS \ne-]mSv' ˛Bfl-IY, C-Fw-Fkv \ºq-Xn-cn-∏m-Sv i‡-amb CS-Xp-]£ \ne-]mSv kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw `c-W-Iq-SsØ \nin-X-ambn hna¿in-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-Xp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ "{]`mX' Øns‚ {]h¿Ø-\-߃ H´pw kpJ-I-c-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. A[n-Im-cn-Ifnƒ\n-∂p≈ \nc-¥c ]oU-\-߃ hmcn-Ibv°v t\cn-tS-≠n-h-∂p. tIm¨{Kkv tkmjy-en-Ãp-]m¿´n-bpsS apJ-]-{X-sa∂ \ne-bn-emWv "{]`m-X'- Øns‚ {]kn-≤o-Ic - W - w. `KXv knMns\ Xq°n-te-‰n-bt- ∏mƒ \ninX hna¿i-\-hp-am-bmWv "{]`mXw' ]pd-Øn-d-ßn-b-Xv. CtX XpS¿∂v aZn-cmin Kh¨sa‚ v ]{X-tØmSv Pmayw sI´n-sh-°m≥ \n¿tZ- i n- ® p. CXn\v Xøm- d m- h m- ™ - X n\m¬ {]kn- ≤ o- I - c W ssek≥kp-Xs∂ d±vsNbvXv \S-]Sn I¿i-\-am-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p aZn-cmin Kh¨sa‚ v sNbvX-Xv. ]n∂oSv 1938¬ tImgn-t°m-Sp-\n∂v {]kn-≤o-I-cWw ]p\-cm-cw-`n®p-sh-¶nepw Zo¿L-Imew apt∂m-´p-sIm-≠p-t]m-Im-\m-bn-√. A[nIw Xma-kn-bmsX Xs∂ tIc-f-Ønse tIm¨{Kkv tkmjy-en-Ãp-Iƒ Iayq-WnÃv ]m¿´n LSIw cq]o-I-cn-°p-Ibpw tZiob{]ÿm-\Øn¬\n∂v amdn kzmX-{¥y-k-a-c-Ønepw ^yqU¬ P∑n-Xz-Øn-\psa-Xn-cmb t]mcm-´-Øns‚ X\Xp ]mX Is≠-Øp-Ibpw sNbvXncp-∂p. CXns‚ XpS¿®-bmbn 1944¬ tImgn-t°mSv \n∂v Iayq-WnÃv ]m¿´n-bpsS apJ-]-{X-ambn "tZim-`n-am\n' Bcw-`n-®p. hmcnIm cq]Øn-embncp∂p "tZim-`n-am\n' bpsS XpS-°w. kzmX{¥y t]mcm-´Øn-s\m∏w kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\-Øns‚ XpS¿® Gs‰-Sp-°m\pw AX-\p-k-cn-®p≈ {]Nm-cWw \S-Øm\pw "tZim-`n-am\n' Xøm-dmbn.

Cu A¿∞-Øn¬ kzmX{¥ye_v[n- h-sc-bp≈ tIcf Ncn-{XØn¬ \thm-∞m\ ]mX-bn¬ \n¿Wm-bI ÿm\w hln-°m≥ A∂sØ \nc-h[n ]{X-ßfpw hmcn-I-Ifpw apt∂m-´p-h-∂n-cp-∂psh-∂Xv X¿°-a‰ hkvXp-X-bm-Wv. tIc-f-Øns‚ kmwkvIm-cnI \thm-∞m\ apt∂-‰-߃°v hnhn[ {]ÿm-\-߃ hln® ]¶ns\m∏w tN¿Øp-hm-bn-°m-hp-∂-XmWv ]{XßfpsS Cu CS-s]-S-epI-fpw.

A[ymbw 4

kzmX-{¥ym-\-¥c ]n≥\-SØw kzmX-{¥ym-\-¥cw ae-bmf ]{X-{]-h¿Ø\Øns‚ k©m-cw ]pXphgnbneq-sSbm-bn-cp-∂p. AXp-hs - c-bp-≠m-bn-cp∂ {]Ya e£yw km£m-XvI-cn-°-s∏-´-Xn-s‚bpw AXn\v t\Xr-]-c-amb ]¶p-h-ln-®Xn-s‚bpw Nmcn-Xm¿Yy-Øn-em-bn-cp∂p tZiob {]ÿm-\-Øn-s\m∏w \ne- b p- d - ∏ n- ® n- c p∂ ]{X- ß ƒ. e`y- a mb kzmX{¥yw kwc- £ n°pIbpw P\-ß-fn¬ ]uc-t_m-[-ap-W¿ØpI-bp-amWv Xß-fpsS ]pXnb DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-sa∂v Ah I≠p. AXn\v Du∂¬ \¬Ip∂-Xmbncp∂p Cu L´-Ønse BZy-\m-fp-Ifnse hm¿Ømhn\ymkhpw apJ-{]-kw-K-ß-fpw teJ-\-ß-fpw.

F√m A¿∞-Ønepw \ho-\-am-b Hcp tIc-f-amWv kzmX-{¥ym\-¥cw D≠m-b-sX∂v ]d-bm≥ Ign-bn-√. sshtZin-Im-[n-]-XyØn¬\n- ∂ p≈ tamN\w km[y- a m- s b- ¶ nepw P∑n- ˛ - \ m- S p- h mgnØØm¬ tI{μo-I-cn-°-s∏´ kmaq-ln-Im-h-ÿ-bpsS thc-dp-°m≥ At∏mgpw km[n-®n-cp-∂n-√. F¶nepw CXv s]m´n-s®-dn-bm-\p≈ am\kn-Im-h-ÿ-bn-te°v Iogmf P\-hn-`m-K-߃ Db¿∂p-h-cn-Ibpw am‰Øn\p≈ s]mXp- t _m[w krjn- ° - s ∏- S p- I bpw sNbv X n- c p- ∂ p. {_n´ojv `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-I-fn¬\n-∂m-bn-cp-∂n√, ]Icw ^yqUkmaq-lnI LS-\-bmWv Zpcm-Nm-c-ß-fp-sSbpw PmXn-hn-th-N-\-Øns‚bpw tI{μ-_n-μp-sh∂ Xncn-®-dnhv kmam-t\y\ Iogm-f-cnhf¿∂p-h-∂p. AXv XqØp-am-‰m\p≈ kwL-Sn-X-ap-t∂-‰-am-bn-cp∂p ]n∂o-Sp-≠m-b-Xv. hy‡-amb tNcn-Xn-cp-hp-Iƒ cq]-s∏-´Xmbn-cp∂p At∏mgp≈ s]mXp-cm-jv{Sob afi-ew. kzmX{¥y ka-c-Øns‚ Ah-km\ ZiI-Øn¬ tZio-b-{]-ÿm-\-Øn¬\n∂v hn`n-∂-ambn Nn¥n® tIc-fØnse tIm¨{Kkv tkmjy-en-Ãp-Iƒ Iayq-WnÃv ]m¿´n-bmbn amdn-b-t∏mƒXs∂ Cu tNcn-Xn-cnhv {]I-S-am-bn-cp-∂p. Izn‰v C¥ymk-a-csØ sNm√nbpw c≠mw temI-a-lm-bp-≤-Ønse \ne-]m-SpIsf sNm√nbpw C¥y≥ \mj-W¬ tIm¨{Kkpw Iayq-WnÃv ]m¿´n-bpw XΩn-ep-≠mb ]cky kwhm-Z-߃ Hcp G‰-ap-´¬ kz`m-

ss\-an-im-c-Wyw--

kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws

93

hØn\p-a-∏p-d-tØ°v Xs∂ amdp-I-bp-≠m-bn. kzmX-{¥ym-\-¥-chpw Cu G‰pap-´¬ XpS¿∂p. kzmX-{¥y-e-_v[nsb shfpØ kmbn-∏n¬\n∂v tZiob kmbn∏n-te-°p≈ A[n-Imcss°am‰w am{X-ambn hymJym-\n® Iayq-WnÃp-]m¿´n tZio-b-_q¿jzm-kn-s°-Xn-cmb P\-Iob apt∂‰w XpStc-≠-Xns‚ Bh-iy-I-X-bn-eq-∂n-bm-bn-cp∂p XpS¿∂pw {]h¿Øn®-Xv. Cu Blzm-\Ø - n¬, tIc-fØ - n¬ hen-sbm-cf-thmfw P\-ßsf AWn- \ n- c - Ø m≥ Iayq- W n- à p- ] m¿´n- ° m- b n. Imc- W w, tZiob kzmX{¥yw e`n-s®-¶nepw cmPysØ ]pXnb A[n-Im-c-tI-{μ-Øns\m-∏a - m-bn-cp∂ ^yqU¬ kwhn-[m-\Øn\v Iogn¬ kaq-ea - mb kmaqlnI am‰w km[m-c-W-°m-c\v {]m]y-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. AXns‚ ^ew, P∑n-˛-\m-Sp-hm-gnØ kwhn-[m-\-Øn-se Zpc-h-ÿ-bmb PmXob D®\o-N-Xz-Øn\v Cc-I-fmb km[m-c-W-°m¿, AXn-s\-Xnsc t]mcm´w \S-Ønb Iayq-Wn-Ãp-Im¿s°m∏w tN¿∂p F∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. \thm∞m\ {]ÿm-\-߃ Dgp-Xpa-dn® aÆn¬ hf¿∂p ]¥en-°m-\p≈ hnØn-dn-°nb Iayq-WnÃv ]m¿´n°v B DZyaw ^e-{]Z-am-°m\pw km[n-®p. CØcw Bi-b-kw-L¿j-ß-fn-eq-sS-bm-bncp∂p tIc-fØ - nse s]mXp-afi e - Ø - ns‚ XpS¿hn-Im-kw. kzmX{¥y e_v[n°pw tIc-f-∏n-d-hn°pw tijw kmaq-lnI D∂-a-\-Ønse kp{]-[m\ \S-]-Sn-bm-bn-cp∂p `q]-cn-jvI-cW \nb-aw. AXv {]m_ey-Øn-em-b-tXmsS ASn-ÿm\ P\-hn-`m-K-߃°v Xe- D-b¿Øn∏n-Sn-°m\p≈ ss[cyw e`n-°pI IqSn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. kmaq-lnI]›mØ-e-Ønse Cu ASn-ÿm\ am‰-Øns‚ {]Xn-^-e\w ae-bmf ]{X-{]-h¿Ø\ taJ-e-bn-ep-ap-≠m-bn. kzmX-{¥y-k-a-c-Øn-s‚bpw kmaq-lnI ]cn-jvI-c-W-Øn-s‚bpw `mK-am-bn \ne-sIm-≠n-cp∂ H´p-an° ]{X-߃°pw kzmX-{¥y-∏pecn BkzZn°m≥ km[n-®n-cp∂n-√. A]q¿hw ]{X-߃°p-am-{Xam-bn-cp-∂p kzmX-{¥y-k-a-c-Im-esØ ]oU-\-ß-sfbpw a‰v {]Xn_-‘-ß-sfbpw AXn-Po-hn-°m≥ km[n-®Xv. "amXr-`qan' , "ae-bmf at\m-ca' , "Zo]nI-' , "tIcf IuapZn' , "tZim-`n-am\n' Xriq-cn¬\n∂v 1944¬ sI IrjvW≥ Bcw-`n® "FIvkv{]kv' F∂n-ßs\ hnc-ense-Æm-hp∂h am{X-amWv kzmX-{¥ym-\-¥-chpw {]kn-≤o-I-cWw XpS-cm\pw ae-bmfn a\- p-If - n¬ kzm[o\w sNep-Øm\pap≈ i‡n

- fpws 94 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

kºm-Zn-®-Xv. \mcm-bW Kpcp Db¿Øn-hn´ Bi-b-hn-kvt^m-S-\sØ k¿h-i-‡n-tbmsS {]N-cn-∏n-°m\pw AXv kaq-l-Øn¬ henb Ne\-߃ krjvSn-°m\pw "tIcf IuapZn' \S-Ønb CS-s]S-ep-Iƒ hfsc hep-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. Iayq-WnÃv Bi-b{- ]-Nm-cW - Ø - n-\mbn Bcw`n-®- "tZim-`n-am\n' °v kmaq-lnI am‰-Øn-\mbn Iayq-WnÃv ]m¿´n \S-Øn-h∂ {]h¿Ø-\-ßsf henb {]m[m-\y-tØmsS \¬Im\p≈ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-hp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

F∂m¬, cmjv{Sob˛kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m\ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS `mK-am-hp-∂Xnepw AXn-\m-h-iy-amb C‘\w ]I¿∂p \¬Ip-∂Xnepw kzmX{¥ye_v[n-°p-ti-jw {]apJ ]{X-߬ ]eXpw hnapJX ImWn-®p. tZiob {]ÿm-\-Øns‚ `mK-ambn \ne-bpd∏n®n-cp∂ ]{X-߃°v kzmX{¥ysa∂ e£yw t\Sn-b-tijw \nb-X-amb as‰mcpe£yw \n›-bn®v {]h¿Øn-°m≥ Ign-bmsX t]mbXv Hcp \yq\X Xs∂-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Cu t]mcmbva ]n¬Ime ae-bmf ]{X-{]-h¿Ø\ cwKØv ]cn-l-cn-°-s∏-Sm-\m-hmØ henb hSp-°ƒXs∂ Xo¿Øp. CXn¬ G‰hpw {][m\w \thm-∞m\ aqey-ß-fpsS XpS¿® Gs‰-Sp-°p-∂- ImcyØn-em-bn-cp-∂p. 1980-I-fmb-t∏mtg°pw ]{X-hy-h-km-bw a’-cm-[n-jvTn-X-am-hp-Ibpw hm¿Ømaqeyw \n›-bn-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv AX-\p-k-cn®v amdp-Ibpw sNbvX-tXmsS- kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m\apt∂-‰-Øn¬\n∂p≈ Cu ]n≥\-SØØn\v thKw IqSn. kzmX-{¥y-Øn\v apºp≈ \thm-∞m\ ]{X{]-h¿Ø-\-Øn\v t\XrXzw hln-®-h-cn¬ tIkcn _me-IrjvW∏n≈, sI ]n tIi-h-ta-t\m≥, sI. tIf-∏≥, ktlm-Z-c≥ Aø-∏≥, apl-ΩZv A_vZp-d-ln-am≥ F∂n-h-cm-bn-cp∂p F¶n¬ kzmX-{¥ym\-¥cw AØcw CS-s]-S¬ \S-Øn-bXv tIcf Iuap-Zn-bn-eq-sSbpw a‰pw ]n. sI _me-Ir-jvWs\t]mse H‰-s∏´ Nne¿ am{X-am-Wv. kzmX-{¥y-Øn\v apºv kmaq-lnI _‘-ß-fnse sX‰p-Isf XncpØm\pw icn-bmb am¿K-Øn-eqsS \bn-°m-\p-am-bn-cp∂p ]{X-߃ {i≤-sIm-Sp-Øn-cp-∂-Xv. ]n∂oSv, kmaq-lnI _‘-ß-fn¬ s]mfns®-gptØm ]cn-jvIm-ctam A√, kaqlw Fßs\ Nn¥n-°p∂p F∂v t\m°n AX-\p-kc - n®v {]h¿Øn-°p-Is - b-∂\ - n-eb - n-te°v am[ya-߃ amdn Nn¥n-®p-Xp-S-ßn. sFIy-tI-cf ]nd-hn-°p-ti-jw Npcpßnb \mfp-I-fn¬Xs∂ tIcfw kmaq-ly-am-‰-Øn¬ ]n≥\-SØw XpS-ßn-b-Xmbn ImWmw. kzk-ap-Zm-b-ß-fnse A\m-Nm-c-ßfpw

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kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws

95

A‘-hn-izm-k-ßfpw am‰n-sb-gp-Xm\pw AXn-eqsS kap-Zmb D∂-a\hpw e£y-an´v {]h¿Øn-®n-cp∂ PmXn, kap-Zmb kwL-S-\-Iƒ B coXnbn¬\n∂v PmXncmjv{So-b-Øn-te°v {]h¿Ø\ ssien am‰p-Ibpw sNbvXv Xp-Sß - nb-tXm-sS-bmWv C-Xp-≠m-bX - v. 1957¬ A[nIm-c-Øn¬h∂ CFw-Fkv \ºq-Xn-cn-∏m-Sns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn-ep≈ k¿°m-dns\ A´n-a-dn-°m≥ Bcw-`n® hntam-N\ kacw Cu ]n≥\S-Ø-Øns‚ IqSn DXv]-∂-am-bn-cp-∂p.

PmXob- X bpw h¿Ko- b - X bpw s]mXp- [ m- c - b n- t e°v ho≠pw Db¿Øn-s°m-≠p-h-cp-∂-Xn¬ hntam-N\ kacw sNdp-X-√mØ ]¶pX-s∂-bmWv hln-®-Xv. ss{IkvXh k`-Ifpw F≥.-F-kv.-F- ns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ \mb¿ hn`m-K-ßfpw k¿°m-cn-s\-Xnsc Xncn-®p-hn´ {]t£m`w cmjv{So-b-Øn-ep]cn kmaq-ln-I-_-‘-ß-fn¬ ]pXnb tNcn-Xn-cn--hp-Iƒ°pw Imc-Wa - m-bn. CsX√mw ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\Ø - nepw {]I- S - a m- b n. aebmf ]{X- { ]- h ¿Ø- \ - Ø ns‚ BZy \qdph¿jØn¬\n∂v XnI®pw `n∂-am-bn-cp∂p ]n∂o-Sp≈ Ime-L-´w. ]{X-{]-h¿Ø\w hyh-km-b-Øns‚ `mK-am-hp-Ibpw {]^-j-W-enk-Øn\v ta¬ssI e`n-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-tXmsS e£y-t_m-[hpw [m¿an-I-aq-eyhpw c≠mw \nc-bn-te°v X≈-s∏-´p. P\-ß-fpsS A`ncp-Nn-°-\p-k-cn®v th≠ hn`-h-߃ \evIp-I-sb∂ \ne-bn-te°v ]{X-߃ AXns‚ hm¿Øm hn\ym-ksØ {Ia-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ coXn Ah-ew-_n-°m≥ XpS-ßn. `qcn-]£w P\-ßfpw CjvS-s∏-Sp-∂sXt¥m AXv \¬Ip-I-sb-∂-Xmbn ]n∂o-Sp≈ am‰w. P\m-`n-emjw \n›-bn-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ am\-Z-WvU-ßfpw hyXy-kvX-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p. kzmX-{¥ym-¥c tIc-f-Ønse 50 h¿jw ae-bmf ]{X-{]-h¿Ø\-cw-K-Øp-≠mb Cu am‰-ßsf Ipdn®v C.-Fw.-Fkv \ºq-Xn-cn-∏mSpw "ae-bmf at\m-ca' ]{Xm-[n-]-cm-bn-cp∂ sI Fw amXyphpw A`n{]m-b-s∏-´-Xn¬\n-∂p-Xs∂ CXv hy‡-am-Ip-∂-Xm-Wv. "kzmX{¥y e_v[n°p tij-ap≈ C¥y-bnepw kwÿm\ cq]o-Ic - W - Ø - n\v tij-ap≈ tIc-fØ - nepw ]pXnb C¥y-bn]pXnb tIcfw sI´n-∏-Sp-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ D]-I-c-Wambn aebmf ]{X-{]-h¿Ø\w amdp-sa-∂m-bn-cp∂p {]Xo-£n-®n-cp-∂Xv. F∂m¬, \S-∂Xv Aß-s\-b-√. apX-em-fnØ am¿K-ØneqsS C¥y-tbbpw tIc-f-tØbpw ]ptcm-K-an-∏n-°m-\p≈

- fpws 96 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

ImgvN-∏m-Sns‚ `mK-ambn kzImcy em`-ap-≠m-°m-\p≈ am[ya-ambn C¥y-bn-em-sIbpw tIc-fØ - n-ep-ap≈ ]{X-ap-Sa - I - ƒ ]{X{]-h¿Ø-\sØ am‰n-Øo¿Øp. a‰p "_nkn-\ p' Isf t]mse ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\hpw Hcp "_nkn-\ m' °nØo¿Øp. Cu "_nkn-\kv' hXvI-c-W-amWv kzmX{¥y e_v[n-°p-ti-j-ap≈ ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ apJ-ap-{Z' ˛C.-Fw-.Fkv, ae-bmf ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ AºXv h¿jw "]{X-ß-fn¬ {]^-j-W-enkw h∂-tXm-sS, Ah kap-l-Ønhln-®n-cp∂ ]¶nepw hyXymkw hcn-Ibpw ]{X-߃ kaqlm-`n-em-j-tØmSv IqSp-X¬ ASp-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp F∂mWv kzmX-{¥ym-\¥ - c ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\Ø - ns‚ ImX¬ F∂v Rm≥ Icp-Xp-∂p. kzmX{¥y ka-cI - m-esØ ]{Xm-[n-]∑ - m-cn¬ _lp`q-cn-]-£hpw AXn¬ ]¶p-h-ln-°pI IqSn sNbvX-h-cm-Wv. ]{X-߃ kac Pnlz-I-fm-bn. tIm¨{K-kns‚ ]Xm-I-hm-lI-cm-bn. tIm¨{Kkv ]nf¿∂-t∏mƒ, ]{X-߃ AXp-hsc hln-®n-cp∂ ]¶n\v am‰-ap-≠m-bn. Ah hkvXp-\n-jvT-ambn Imcy-߃ ImWm≥ XpS-ßn. apJ-{]-kw-Kß - f - n¬ GsX-¶nepw ]m¿´n-bpsS ]£w ]nSn-®mepw hm¿Ø-I-fn¬ AXp-≠m-hns√∂v h∂p. at\m-ca BZyImew sXm´v tIm¨{Kkv Nmbvhv {]I-Sn-∏n® ]{X-am-Wv. ]s£, {]^-j-W-en-k-Øn¬ A[njvTn-X-amb hm¿Øm-ho-£Ww h∂t∏mƒ hkvXp-Xm-]-c-amb hm¿Øm-dn-t∏m¿´nw-Knepw Ah-X-c-W-Øn-ep-amWv R߃ {i≤n-®-Xv. ˛sI. Fw. amXyp, ae-bmf ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ AºXv h¿jw CFw-Fkv Nq≠n-°m-Wn® _nkn-\kv hXvI-c-W-hpw sIFw amXyp kΩ-Xn® "kaq-lm-`n-em-j-tØmSv IqSp-X¬ ASp-°p∂' coXnbpw-X-s∂-bmWv kzmX-{¥ym-\-¥c tIc-f-Øn¬ ae-bmf ]{X-{]h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ KXn \n›-bn-®-Xv. CFw-Fkv Imcy-߃ EPp-hmbn ]d-bp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. sI Fw amXyp kΩ-Xn® "kmaq-ln-Im-`n-emjw' ae-bmf at\m-ca Dƒs∏-sS-bp≈ apJy-[mcm ]{X-߃ kzoI-cn®

ss\-an-im-c-Wyw--

kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws

97

coXn-bpw. kmaq-ln-Im-`n-emjw GXp coXn-bn-ep-≈X - m-sW-¶nepw AXv {]Xn-^-en-∏n-°p-I-sb∂ s]mXp-k-ao-]\amWv ]n∂oSv ]{X-߃ kzoI-cn-®p-h-∂-Xv. icn-b-s√∂v ]q¿W-t_m-[y-ap≈ Imcy-߃ t]mepw Cu kmaq-ln-Im-`n-em-j-Øns‚ \n¿h-N-\-Øn¬s∏-SpØn icn-bpsS ]£-tØ-°pw, hm¿Øm aqeyw \n›-bn-°p-∂-Xn-te°pw FØn-t®¿∂p. CXv ]e-t∏mgpw t\ctØ kzoI-cn® \thm-∞m\ e£y-߃°v XnI®pw ISI-hn-cp-≤-hp-am-bn-cp-∂p.

sFIy-tI-c-f-Ønse PmXn cmjv{Sobw kzmX-{¥y-]n-d-hn-°p-apºpw tij-hp-ap≈ tIc-f-Ønse PmXn cmjv{So-bsØ {]tXyIw A]-{K-Y\w \S-tØ-≠-Xp-≠v. kmaq-lnI kml-Nc - y-ßfpw cmjv{Sob am‰-ßfpw PmXn kwL-S\ - I - f - psS h¿Øam-\-Ime {]k-‡n-bnepw {]h¿Ø\ coXn-bnepw am‰w hcp-tØ≠Xv A\n-hm-cy-am-bn-cp∂ncn°m-sa-¶nepw kzmX-{¥ym-\-¥c tIcf-Ønse PmXn kwL-S-\-IfpsS kao-]\w \thm-∞m-\-ap-t∂-‰-ßfpsS XpS¿® Gs‰-Sp-°p-∂-Xn¬ F{X-tØmfw klm-bn-®p-sh-∂Xv henb tNmZy-ambn Xs∂ Ah-ti-jn-°pw.

19˛mw \q‰m≠ns‚ HSp-hnepw 20-˛mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ BZy Zi-I-ßfnepw \S∂ ae-bmfn satΩm-dn-bepw Cugh satΩm-dn-bepw \nh¿Ø\ {]t£m-`hpw kmaq-lnI hnIm-k-Øns‚ KXn-thKw Iq´nb P\-ap-t∂-‰-ß-fm-bn-cp-∂p. Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-¿ `cW kwhn-[m\-Øn\v Iognse \n¿WmbI ÿm\-ß-fn¬ Xangv {_mlva-W-acpsS B[n-]-Xy-Øn-s\-Xn-cmbn \S-∂- ae-bmfn satΩm-dn-b]pXnb kmaq-ln-Im-h-t_m-[-amWv krjvSn-®Xv. CXns‚ XpS®bmbn-cp∂p Cugh satΩm-dn-b¬. hnZym-kº-∂-cmb Hcp-hn-`mKw A∂sØ Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dnse D∂-X-]-Z-hn-I-fnse Xan-gv{_m-lvaWm-[n-]-Xy-Øn-s\-Xn-cmbn Bcw-`n® ae-bmfn satΩm-dn-b¬ ]pXnb cmjv{So-bm-h-t_m-[-amWv krjvSn-®-Xv. hnhn[ PmXn-I-fn¬s]´ \nch[n t]¿ H∏n´ \nth-Z\w 1981¬ ae-bmfn satΩmdn-b-embn Xncphn-Xmw-Iq¿ alm-cm-Pm-hn\v ka¿∏n-®p. A©p-h¿j-Øn\v tijw tUm. ]ev]p-hns‚ t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ Cug-h-cpsS Ah-Imi \ntj-[Øn-s\-Xn-cmb kwL-SnX apt∂‰w Cug-h-sa-tΩm-dn-b-embn k¿°mdn\v ka¿∏n-°-s∏-´p. 13,176 Cug-hcpsS Ht∏m-Sp-IqSn 1896 sk]vXw_¿ aq∂n-\mWv Cugh satΩm-dn-b¬ alm-cm-Pm-hn\v ka¿∏n-®-Xv.

- fpws 98 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

Cug-h¿°pw a‰v ]n∂m-°-hn-`m-K-°m¿°pw k¿°m¿ tPmen \ntj[n-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn-s\-Xn-sc-bm-bn-cp∂p Cugh satΩm-dn-b¬. almcm-Pm-hn¬\n∂v CXn-\p≈ adp-]Sn \ncm-im-P-\-I-am-bn-cp-∂p. e£yw t\Sm≥ At∏mƒ km[n-®n-s√-¶nepw Cug-h-k-ap-Zm-b-Øn¬ AhIm-i-t_m[w Db¿Øm≥ klm-bn-®-Xm-bn-cp∂p B {]t£m-`w. kzmX{¥y kacw i‡n- b m¿Pn- ® - t ijw 1930- I - f n- e mWv \nh¿Ø\ {]t£m-`-Øn-eqsS tIcfw IS-∂p-t]m-b-Xv. 1932se `cW-L-S\m ]cn-jvIm-c-ß-tfm-Sp≈ {]Xn-tj-[-ambmWv \nh¿Ø\ {]t£m`w cq]-s∏-´-Xv. ]cn-jvIm-c-Øns‚ `mK-ambn \nb-a-k-`-bnP\-kw-Jym-\p-]m-Xn-Ia - mbn Cug-h¿°pw apkveo-߃°pw {InkvXym\n-Iƒ°pw Ipd™ {]mXn-\n[yw am{Xw e`n-°p∂ kml-Ncyw krjvSn-°-s∏-´-t∏m-gm-bn-cp∂p {]Xn-tj[w Ae-b-Sn-®-Xv. P\-kwJym-\p-]m-Xn-I-amb {]mXn-\n[yw Bh-iy-s∏´v kn tIi-h-s‚bpw F≥ hn tPmk-^n-s‚bpw t\Xr-Xz-Øn¬ kwbp-‡c - m-jv{Sob kanXn cq]o- I - c n®v ]n∂m° hn`m- K - ß ƒ {]t£m- ` - Ø n- t e°v \oßn. \nh¿Ø\ {]t£m`w tIc-f-Øn¬ hen-sbmcp Xnc-bn-f°w Xs∂bmWv Xo¿Ø-Xv. cmPy-t{Zm-l-Ip‰w NpaØn kn. tIi-hs\ Pbn-eneS® kp{]-kn-≤-amb "tImg-t©cn {]kwKw' Cu {]t£m-`-Øn\n-S-bn-em-bn-cp∂p. \nh¿Ø\ {]t£m`w henb hnP-ba - m-bn-cp-∂p. Cug-h, apkveow, {InkvXy≥ hn`m-Kß - ƒ°v k¿°m¿ k¿ho-kn¬ kwh-cWw G¿s∏Sp- Ø n. ]n∂m° hn`m- K - ß ƒ°v k¿°m¿ DtZym- K - ß - f nkwhcWw e`y-am-°m-\mbn ]ªnIv k¿hokv IΩn-js\ \ntbmKn-®p. `qkz-Øns‚ Imcy-Øn¬ Cfhv hcpØn kΩ-Xn-Zm-\m-h-Imiw ]n∂m-°-°m-cn¬IqSn e`y-am-Ip∂ am‰w h∂p. Cu A¿∞-Ønae-bmfn satΩm-dn-bepw Cugh satΩm-dn-bepw Db¿Øn-hn´ cmjv{Sob˛km-aq-ln-Im-h-t_m-[w aq∂p-\m-ep-]-Xn-‰m≠n\v tijw e£yw t\Sp∂ Xe-Øn-te°v Db¿∂p-h-cn-I-bmWv sNbvX-X-sX∂p-]-d-bmw. kmap-Zm-bnI˛PmXn kwL-S-\-Iƒ ssIh-cn® Cu cmjv{So-b-mht_m[w kzmX-{¥yØn\pw sFIy-tI-cf ]nd-hn°pw tijw kwÿm\sØ ssZ\wZn\ cmjv{So-b-Ønse \n¿Wm-bI CS-]-sS-ep-Iƒ \S-Øp∂ LS-I-ambn ]n∂oSv amdp-Ibpw sNbvXp. F∂m¬, sFIytI-c-f-∏n-d-hn°v tijw Cu PmXn-˛-km-ap-Zm-bnI i‡n-I-fpsS

ss\-an-im-c-Wyw--

kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws

99

{]h¿Ø\w kΩ¿Z-cm-jv{So-b-am-bn-cp-∂p. PmXo-b-ambn kwL-Sn°p-Ibpw kΩ¿Zw sNep-Øm-\p≈ tijn ssIh-cn-Ibpw sNøp∂-Xn-eqsS am{Xta P\m-[n-]X - y-Ønse hne-t]-i¬ cmjv{So-bØ - n{]mapJyw t\Sm≥ Ignbq F∂ \ne-bn-te°v PmXn-˛-km-ap-Zm-bnI kwL-_-esØ am‰n-sb-Sp-°pIbmWv ]n∂o-Sp-≠m-b-Xv. kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m\ ImeØv PmXn hnth-N\w C√m-Xm-°m≥ {iaw \SØnb PmXn-˛-km-ap-Zm-bnI kwL-S-\-Iƒ, ]m¿e-sa‚dn P\m-[n-]Xy-Øn¬ PmXo-b-ambn kwL-Sn®v kΩ¿Z i‡n-bmbn amdp-I-sb∂ \ne-bn-te°v Xß-fpsS \b-ßfpw kao-]-\-ßfpw am‰n-sb-Sp-Øp. \thm-∞m\ {]ÿm-\-ß-fpsS ]nevIme [m¿an-I-Xsb Ipdn-®v ]p\¿hn-Nn-¥\w A\n-hm-cy-am-sW∂ tXm∂-emWv PmXn-˛-a-X-cmjv{Sob i‡n-IfpsS Cu kΩ¿Zw krjvSn-®Xv. bYm¿Y-Øn¬ PmXob-X-bpsS ]p\-ÿm-]-\-amWv sFIy-tI-cf-∏n-d-hn°v tij-ap-≠mb kmaq-lnI ]cn-h¿Ø-\-sa-∂p-]-d-bmw. hntam-N-\ ka-c-Im-eØv cq]-s∏´ ]pXnb {[qho-I-cWw ]n∂o-Stßm´v i‡-ambnØs∂ tIcfØns‚ s]mXp-afi e - Ø - n¬ hym]cn-®p. {io\m-cm-b-Wo-b¿ Fkv-F≥Un]n cq]o-I-cn®v XpSßnb kapZmb kwL-Sm\ kwhn-[m\w ]n∂oSv ]pe-b¿°pw \mb¿°pw \ºqXn-cn-am¿°psa√mw kz¥w kwL-S\ cq]o-I-cn-°m-\p≈ {]tNm-Z-\am-bn-cp-∂p. Cu kwL-S-\-I-sf√mw Xs∂ cq]o-I-cW L´-Ønkzk-ap-Zm-b-Øns‚ kmaq-ln-tIm-∂-a-\-am-bn-cp∂p e£y-an-´-Xv. C∂v F√m PmXn-Iƒ°pw, Ah ]n∂m-°tam ap∂m-°tam BI-s´, kwLS-\-sb∂ \ne-bn-te°v tIc-f-Ønse kmaq-ln-Im-hÿ amdn-°-gn™p. PmXn tNmZn-°-cp-sX∂pw ]d-b-cp-sX-∂p-a√ PmXn-]-d-™p-am{Xta Ah-Imiw t\Sm≥ Ignbq F∂v Fkv-F≥Un]n \ne-]-mSv ]c-ky-ambn Xs∂ am‰n-∏-d-™p. F≥-F-kv-Fkpw FkvF≥Un]nbpw sFIy-s∏-Sm≥ Ign-bmØ hn[w AI-ep-Ibpw AtX-k-abw Xs∂ h¿Ko-b-{[q-ho-I-c-W-Øns‚ km[y-X -Im-Wp-tºmƒ hnim-eln-μp-sF-Iy-sa∂ t]cn¬ Ipdp-ap-∂Wn kΩ¿Zw cq]-s∏-Sp-Øm\pw XpS-ßn. cmjv{Sob t\Xr-Xzw PmXobbpsS NXp-cØn-te°v th¿Xncn-°-s∏-´p. Cu kml-N-cysØ Ncn-{X-Im-c≥ tUm. sI.-F≥ ]Wn°¿ \nco-£n-°p-∂Xv Cß-s\-bmWv: "tIc-f-Øn¬ kmap-Zm-bnI kwL-S-\-Iƒ Ah-cpsS cq]o-IcW Ime-L´- Ø - n¬\n∂pw XnI®pw hyXy-kvXa - mb Hcp ZuXy-

- fpws 100 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

amWv C∂v Gs‰-Sp-Øn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. aX-kw-L-S-\-Ifpw PmXnkw-L-S-\-Ifpw PmXn-˛-a-X-]-cn-jvI-c-W-kw-L-S-\-I-fm-bmWv \ne-hn¬h-∂-Xv. BNm-c-ß-sfbpw A\p-jvTm-\-ß-sfbpw ]cnjvI-cn°pI F∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p Ah-bpsS ZuXyw. AXn¬\n∂v amdn C∂v PmXn kwL-S-\-Iƒ Hcp sNdnb hn`m-K-Øns‚ Xmev]-cy-ßsf kwc-£n-°m-\p-≈ kwL-S-\m-cq-]-ß-fmbn amdn-°-gn-™n-cn-°p-∂p.' ˛sI.F≥. ]Wn-°¿, ^mjn-k-Øns‚ \mfp-Iƒ

am[ya Xmfp-I-fnse PmXo-bX CØ-c-Øn-ep≈ PmXn {[pho-I-c-WsØ XS-bp-∂-Xn-\p≈ {iaß-f√ sFIy-tI-cf ]nd-hn°v tijw am[y-a-߃ kzoI-cn® coXn. AXv i‡n-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p-XIpw hn[w am[y-a-ß-fpsS ]n¥pW \n¿t√m-]-am-bn-cp-∂p. PmXn Nn¥ tIc-fob kaq-l-Øn¬\n∂v am‰pI-bm-bn-cp-∂n√ e£yw, ]Icw PmXn Nn¥ Du´n-bp-d-∏n-°p∂ \S]-Sn-I-fmWv am[y-a-ß-fpsS `mK-Øp-\n-∂p-≠m-b-sX∂v ImWmw. kh¿Wcpw ap∂m° PmXn-°mcpw t]cn-s\m∏w PmXn-t∏¿ tN¿Øv kap-Zm-b-Ønse Xß-fpsS A[o-iXzw {]I-Sn-∏n-®n-cp∂ `qX-Im-eØn\v Gd-°psd am‰w hs∂-¶nepw C∂pw PmXn-t∏cv A`n-am\ Nn”-ambn kq£n-°p∂ kh¿W-˛-ap-∂m° kap-Zm-bmwK-߃ tIcf-Øn¬ [mcm-f-am-Wv. Rmb-dmgvN ]{X-ß-fn¬ hcp∂ sshhm-lnI ]c-ky-ß-fnse hmIy-߃ am{Xw {i≤n-®m¬ PmXn-Nn¥ Ct∏mgpw F{X-tØmfw \ΩpsS s]mXp-k-aq-l-Øn¬ cqV-aq-e-ambn \ne-\nevIp-∂p-sh∂v hy‡-am-Ipw. PmXnt∏cv kh¿W˛ap∂m° hn`m- K - ß ƒ°v am{X- a mWv Ct∏mgpw `qj-Ww. s]mXp-k-aq-l-Ønse Cu hnizm-k-[m-csb XI¿°p-Ib - √ - , adn®v {]Xn-tem-aI - c - a - mb Cu {]h-WX - sb t{]m’mln-∏n-°p∂ hn[-Øn-emWv apJy-[mcm am[y-a-ß-fpsS kao-]-\-߃.

Poh-\-°m-cpw teJ-Icpw PmXn-t∏-cn-eqsS Adn-b-s∏-Sp-∂Xv A`nam\am-bn sIm≠p-\-S-°p-∂-hcmWv ae-bmf at\m-c-a. ]{X-{]-h¿ØI-\-√m-Ø-t∏mƒ PmXn-t∏cv tN¿°mØ dnt∏m¿´¿amcn¬ ]ecpw ]n∂oSv PmXn-t∏cv tN¿Øv ]{X-Xm-fp-I-fn¬ {]Xy-£-s∏´Xv PmXob-X-bpsS ]p\-ÿm-]-\-Ønse sNdnb Hcp DZm-l-cWw am{Xta

ss\-an-im-c-Wyw--

kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws101

BIp-∂p-≈q. Aßs\ tN¿°-W-sa∂v \n¿tZ-in-°p∂ DS-a-Iƒ sNøp-∂Xpw PmXo-b-XbpsS ]p\-ÿm-]\w Xs∂.

Gsd ]cn-jvIr-Xs - a∂v Ah-Im-is - ∏-Sp-tºmgpw PmXn-hn-th-N\ - hpw Ducp-hn-e-°p-apƒ∏-sS-bp≈ kmaq-lnI sshIr-X-߃ Ct∏mgpw H‰-s∏-´ -tXm-Xn-se-¶nepw tIc-f-Øns‚ ]e-`m-K-ß-fn-embn \ne\n¬°p-I-bm-Wv. teJ-I¿ hy‡n-]-c-amb Xmev]-cy-ß-sf-SpØv hcp∂ H‰-s∏´ hm¿Ø-Itfm ]c-º-c-Itfm A√msX, Ah Zqco-Icn-°m-\≈ i‡-amb CS-s]-S-en\v t{]cn-∏n°pw hn[w hnj-bsØ ssIImcyw sNøm≥ am[y-a-߃ Xøm-dm-Ip∂n-√. Hmtcm Znh-khpw ]{X-ß-fn¬ A®-Sn-®p-h-cp∂ At\Iw hm¿Ø-I-fpsS Iq´-ØnH∂mbn CØcw hm¿Ø-Ifpw ]cy-h-km-\n-°p∂XmWv ]Xn-hv. kmaq-lnI H‰-s∏-S¬ hm¿Ø-bm-bm¬ t]mepw AXns‚ ]nevImem-hÿ Fs¥∂ At\z-jW -- -Øn-\pw Bcpw apXn-cm-dn-√.

^Ww hnS¿Ønb h¿Ko-bX Zo¿L-C-S-th-f°v tijw tZio-b-X-e-Øn¬ h¿Ko-bX AXns‚ cu{Z-`m-hØ - n¬ Ah-Xc - n-®Xv 1990-If - n-em-bn-cp-∂p. 1989¬ tI{μ-ØnA[n-Im-c-Øn¬ h∂ hn]n knwKv k¿°m¿, k¿°m¿ k¿ho-kpI-fn¬ Zen-Xv-˛-]n-∂m° hn`m-K-Øn\v sXmgn¬ kwh-cWw G¿s∏Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\mbn afi¬I-Ωn-j≥ dnt∏m¿´v \S-∏m-°p-∂-Xmbn {]Jym-]n-®-tXmsS kh¿W sslμ-hX AXns‚ XmgvXn-sh®ncp∂ ^Ww Db¿Øp-Ib - m-bn-cp-∂p. afi¬ {]Jym-]\w cmPy-sa-ßp-ap≈ ASn-®-a¿Ø-s∏´ ZenXv˛Io-gmf hn`m-K-Øn\v ]pXnb DW¿hmWv \¬In-b-Xv. kmaq-lnI hnth-N-\-Øns‚ Zqjn-X-h-ebw XI¿sØdn-bm\pw ]uc-∑m-cpsS KW-Øn¬t]mepw s]Sm-Xn-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX henb P\-hn-`m-KØ - n\v Xe Db¿Øm-\p≈ Bfl-hn-izmkw AXv \¬In. CXns\ sNdp-°m-\mbn kh¿W-˛-apt-∂m° hn`m-K߃ \S-Ønb {ia-߃ cmPy-saßpw henb Iem-]-Øn-\mWv \mμn-Ip-dn-®-Xv. XpS¿∂v Atbm-[y-bn¬ _m_-dn akvPnZv XI¿°s∏-Sp-II - qSn sNbvXt- XmsS hn`-P\ - m-\¥-ca - p-≠mb Iem-]t- Ø-°mƒ arKo-b-amb hwi-lXy cmPy-sa-ßp-ap-≠m-bn. hen-b-tXm-Xn-ep≈ {]Xn-I-c-W-߃ D≠m-bn-s√-¶nepw tIc-fØns‚ s]mXp-km-aq-ln-IL-S\ - b - psS ASn-Ø´- n¬ Akz-ÿX - b - psS ]pI-®p-cpƒ Db¿Øn-b-Xm-bn-cp∂p Cu kw`-h-߃. hm¿Ø-Isf

- fpws 102 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

Gsd-°ptd ]Iz-X-tbmsS kao-]n®v Iem]w ]S-cm-Xn-cn-°m-\p≈ Pm{K-X-bm¿∂ kao-]\w A°m-eØv tIc-f-Ønse am[y-a-߃ kzoI-cn°pI-bp-≠m-bn. F∂m¬, kaq-l-a-\-km£nbn¬ PmXn-˛-kmap-Zm-bnI {[pho-I-c-W-Øns‚ hym]vXn Iq´n-b-Xm-bn-cp∂p Cu kw`h-ß-sf-√mw. Iem]w XS-bp-Itbm D≠m-Im-Xn-cn-°m-\p≈ Pm{KX ]pe¿Øp-Itbm sNøp∂p F∂-sXm-gn-®m¬, kaq-l-Øns‚ ASnØ-´n¬ CØcw tNcn-Xn-cn-hn\v Imc-W-am-Ip∂ a‰v {]h¿Ø-\߃s°√mw {]Nmcw \¬Ip-I-bmWv am[y-a-߃ sNøp-∂-Xv. h¿Kob kwL¿j-Øn-te°v \bn-°p-∂-X-s√-¶n¬ t]mepw, ]pXnb ImeØv AXn-Po-h\w km[y-am-I-W-sa-¶n¬ PmXob-amtbm kmapZm-bn-I-amtbm kwL-Sn-t°-≠n-bn-cp∂p F∂ tXm∂¬ krjvSn°pw hn[w hm¿Ø-Iƒ hn\y-kn-°-s∏-Sp-∂p, t_m[-]q¿htam A√m-sXtbm. kaq-l-Ønse ASn-ÿm-\-L-S-\-bn¬ h-cp∂ am‰-Øns‚ {]Xn^-e\w IqSn CØcw hm¿Øm-hn-\ym-k-Øn¬ ImWm-hp-∂-Xm-Wv. Hgp-°n-s\-Xnsc \o¥p-∂Xn\v ]Icw AXn-s\m∏w \o¥p-I-bmWv am[y-a-߃ sNøp-∂-Xpw. kap-Zm-b-߃ XΩn-ep≈ _‘-ØnASn-ÿm-\-]-c-amb am‰-߃ kw`-hn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p∂p F∂Xv Hcp -bm-Ym¿Yy-am-Wv. a‰p-k-ap-Zm-b-hp-ambn Xmc-Xayw sNbvXv XßfpsS Ah-ÿsb hni-I-e\w sNøp∂ coXn CXn-\mbn Ah-ew_n-°p-∂p. sI.-F≥ ]Wn-°¿ \nco-£n-°p-∂Xv t\m°pI: "Hcp kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ tami-amb Ah-ÿbv°v ImcWw CXc-k-ap-Zm-b-ß-fnse ]ptcm-K-Xn-bm-sW∂v Ah¿ sX‰mbn hnizkn-°p-∂p. 19˛mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ Ah-km-\-Im-eØv apkveo-ßfpsS CS-bn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ Hcp ImgvN-∏m-Sv, Ah-Im-i-߃ \ntj-[n-°-s∏-Sp-∂Xv lnμp-°ƒ ]e-ta-J-e-bnepw ]ptcm-Kan-®p-\n¬°p-∂-Xn-\m-emWv F∂m-bn-cp-∂p. C∂v tIc-f-Øn]e kap-Zm-b-ßfpw Xß-fpsS Ah-Im-i-߃ a‰v kap-Zm-b߃ Iø-S-°n-bn-cn-°p∂p F∂v hmZn-°m≥ XpS-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂p. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ kmap-Zm-bnI kwL-S-\-Iƒ, aXm-Snÿm-\-Øn¬ kwL-Sn-°≠ Bh-iy-I-Xsb Ipdn®v Nn¥n°m≥ XpS-ßn-bn-cn-°p-∂p.' ˛-^m-jn-k-Øns‚ \mfp-Iƒ, sI.-F≥ ]Wn-°¿

ss\-an-im-c-Wyw--

kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws103

kmap-Zm-bn-I-amb Xpe\w sNø¬ Ah-Im-i-߃ t\Sn-sb-Sp°m-\p≈ kΩ¿Z-i-‡n-bmbn amdm≥ kap-Zmb kwL-S-\-Isf {]m]vXc - m-°p-∂p-≠m-Ipw. F∂m¬, kaq-lØ - ns‚ ASn-Ø´- n¬ AXv krjvSn-°p∂ sh√p-hn-fn-Isf Ah-K-Wn-°m≥ Ign-bn-√.

aqe-[\ Xmev]-cy-ßfpw hnizm-k-ß-fpsS ]p\-ÿm-]-\hpw ae-bmf ]{X-{]-h¿Ø\w ]q¿W-ambpw hymh-km-bnI apJw kzoI-cn-®Xv 1980-I-fn-em-sW∂v ]d-bmw. kzmX-{¥ym-\-¥cw AXnPo-hn® ]{X-߃ {]Nmcw h¿[n-∏n-°m\pw _nkn-\kv Xmev]cym¿Yhpw IqSp-X¬ ]Xn-∏p-I-sf∂ e£yw h®v apt∂m-´p-t]m-Im≥ XpS-ßn. hm¿Ø-Iƒ AXn-th-K-sa-Øn-°p-∂Xn\pw {]mtZ-in-Ihm¿Ø- I - f psS km[y- X - I ƒ D]- t bm- K - s ∏- S p- Ø p- ∂ - X n\pw C{XtØmfw klm-b-I-c-amb as‰m∂pw ]{X-{]-h¿Ø\ cwK-Øp≠m-bn-´n-s√∂v ]d-bmw. taJe Xncn-®p≈ FUn-j-\p-Iƒ°v ]Icw hepXpw sNdp-Xp-amb F√m ]{X-߃°pw Pn√m tI{μ-ß-fn{]tXyIw FUn-j-\p-Iƒ F∂ \ne-bn-te°v Ct∏mƒ amdn-bn-cn°p-∂p. hrØm¥ ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\-Øn¬\n∂v aqe-[\ ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\Øn-te-°p-≈ Cu am‰-tØmsS F¥v h - m¿Ø-bmImw F∂Xn¬\n∂v amdn F¥pw hm¿Øbm-Ip-sa∂v h∂p-tN¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p. B¿°pw aqSn-sh-°m≥ km[n-°m-Ø-hn[w hm¿Øm-temIw kzX-{¥-am-°-s∏´n-cn-°p-∂p. Hcp-]{Xw Xa-kvI-cn-®mepw at‰-sX-¶nepw ]{Xw AXv \evIp-∂{X kzX-{¥amWv Ct∏mƒ tIc-f-Ønse am[y-a-cw-Kw. hm¿Ø-Iƒ tiJ-cn-°p∂ dnt∏m¿´¿am-cpsS FÆw IqSn-s°m-≠ncn-°p-∂p. Hmtcm ]{X-߃°pw {]mtZ-inI {]Xn-\n-[n-I-fp-≠m-bn°-gn-™p. ]{X-hn-X-c-W-°m-cmb GP‚p-am¿Xs∂ hm¿Ø-I-f-dn-bn°p∂ \ne-bn-te°v hf¿∂p-Ig - n-™p. CXn-se-√m-ap-]cn hmb-\° - m¿ t\cn´v hm¿Ø-Iƒ Adn-bn-°p-Ibpw Ah¿°p-{]n-b-s∏´ ]{X-ØnB hm¿Ø h∂n-cn-°-W-sa∂ Xmev]-cy-Øn-\\p-kcn®v {]h¿Øn°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. Cßs\ hm¿Øm-hn-\n-a-b-Ønse P\-Iob hnkvt^m-S-\-Im-e-Øneq-sS-bmWv Ct∏mƒ ae-bmf am[ya cwKw k©-cn-°p-∂-Xv. AXn-s\m∏w kmt¶-XnI hnZybpw {]^-jW-enkhpw anI-hns‚ ]pXnb Db-c-߃ tXSp-∂p. am[ya taJ-e-bnse aqe-[\hXvI-c-W-Øns‚ ^e-amWv CsX-√mw. aqe-[-\-Xm-ev]cyw

- fpws 104 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

hm¿Ø-I-fpsS kz`m-h-sØbpw hm¿ØIƒ \evIp∂ coXn-sbbpw Xs∂ Nne-t∏mƒ kzm[o-\n-t®-°m-dp-s≠-¶nepw temIw apgp-h≥ hm¿Øm-hn-\n-ab cwK-Øp-≠m-Ip∂ ]pXnb hnkvt^m-S-\-˛-hn-Imk-Øn¬\n∂v amdn-\n-¬°m≥ ae-bmf ]{X-߃°v Ign-bn-√.

Aßs\ amdn \n¬°p-∂-h¿ Adp-]-g-©-\m-hp-Itbm Ime-l-c-Ws∏-Sp-Itbm sNøpw. aqe-[\ Xmev]-cyw ]{X-ßfpsSkmaq-lnI ImgvN-∏m-Sp-Ifnepw {]Xn-^-en-°p-∂-Xm-Wv. kzX{¥ ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\w, \njv]-£-X, [m¿an-IX F∂nßs\ am[y-a-cwKw \nc-¥cw N¿®-Iƒ°pw hna¿i\-߃°pw hnt[-b-am-Ip∂ \nc-h[n hnj-b-ß-fp-≠v. CsX√mw ]m{X-Ønse Pew t]mse-bm-Wv. GXp-]m-{XØn¬ Pew tiJ-cn°p∂p F∂-X-\p-k-cn-®p-am{Xta AXn\v cq]-ap-≠m-Ip-∂p-≈q.

Hcmƒ°v kzX-{¥hpw \njv]-£hpw [m¿an-I-hp-sa∂v tXm∂p-∂Xv A]-c-\p-≠m-I-W-sa-∂n-√. F√m-h-scbpw Hcp-t]mse Xr]vXn-s∏-SpØp∂ H∂pw Hcp-Im-eØpw km[y-am-hp-I-bp-an-√.

Cu aqe-[\ Xm¬]cyw ap≥\n¿Øn PmXn˛aX˛-hn-izm-k-tI-{μoIr-X-amb kw`-h-ßsf kao-]n-°pI F∂-Xn-te°v B[p-\nI am[ya-cwKw FØn-t®¿∂n-´p-≠v. {]Nm-c-Øn\v tIm´-ap-≠mIpw hn[w hnizm-k-tI-{μo-Ir-X-amb H∂n¬ hm¿Ø-Itfm A`n-{]mb {]I-S-\ßtfm \S-Øm≥ C∂v ]{X-߃ apXn-cm-dn-√. BZy-Im-e-ß-fn\thm∞m\ apt∂-‰-Øns‚ `mK-ambn ap∂n¬\n∂v \bn® ]{X߃t]mepw Ct∏mƒ {]Nm-c˛]-c-ky-tI-{μo-IrXamb hymP-an-XXz-Øn-te°v ]e-t∏mgpw t]mIp∂ kml-Ncyw D≠m-bn-´p-≠v. hnizmksØ Fßs\ ^e-{]-Z-ambn {]Nm-c-h¿[-\bv°v D]-tbm-Kn°mw F∂-XmWv B[-p\nI am[y-a-{]-^-j-Wen-kw. Cu X{¥w hnP-bI-c-ambn \S-∏m-°p-∂-Xnepw ap∂n¬ ae-bmf at\m-cabpw amXr-`qanbpw Xs∂. awK-fhpw Cu a’-c-Øns‚ `mK-am-Wv. tIcf IuapZn-bm-Is´ Cu t{iWn-bn¬ HmSn-Ø-f¿∂p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. C{XtØm-f-an-s√-¶nepw a‰p]-{X-߃s°m∂pw aX-hn-izm-kkw-_-‘nbmb hm¿Ø- I - f n¬\n∂v Hgn™p \n¬°m≥ Ign- ™ n- ´ n- √ , Aßs\ Ign-tb-≠-Xp-an√.

F∂m¬, hnizm-k-ßsfbpw BNm-c-ß-sfbpw AXns‚ kzm`mhn-I-X-bn¬ Ihn™v s]cp-∏n®v ImWn-°p-∂Xpw hnizm-kn-Isf

ss\-an-im-c-Wyw--

kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws105

{hW-s∏-Sp-tØ-≠n-h-cp-sa-∂-Xn-\m¬ A\m-Nm-c-߃°p-t\sc IÆS-°p-Ibpw sNøp∂ coXn kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\Øn\v \n¿WmbI kw`m-h\ \¬Inb ]{X-߃°v Hcp-X-c-Ønepw `qj-W-a-√.

1990-Iƒ°v tijw hnizm-k-tI-{μo-Ir-X-amb kmaq-ly-km-l-N-cyßfnte°v s]mXp-k-aq-lsØ t_m[-]q¿hw \bn-°p-tºm-gmWv ]{X-߃ AXv Zpcp-]-tbmKw sNøp-Itbm As√-¶n¬ Ip‰-I-c-amb \n w-KX ]pe¿Øp-Itbm sNbvX-sX∂v ImWmw. tZio-b-]-{X-Øns‚ s]cp-a-bp≈ amXr-`qan sslμh Xmev]-cy߃°v ap≥Xq°w \¬Ip-∂p-s≠∂ hna¿i\w amXr-`q-an-bpsS {]mcw-`-Imew apX¬ Xs∂ Db¿∂p-h-∂-Xm-Wv. "\mb-∑m-cpsS ]{Xw' F∂ Bt£]ambn-cp∂p XpS°w apX¬. kn. IrjvW≥ ]{Xm-[n-]-cmbn Xoø-cpsS t£a-Øn-\mbn XpS-ßnb "anX-hmZn' bpw apl-ΩZv A_vZp-d-lvam≥ ]{Xm-[n-]-cmbn XpS-ßnb "A¬-˛-A-ao\pw' XpS°w apX¬ amXr-`q-an-bpsS Cu Xm¬]-cy-ßsf hna¿in®p-sIm≠v Fgp-Xn-bn-cp-∂p. C°m-cy-Øn¬ Znh-k-߃ \o≠ kwhmZ-߃Xs∂ Cu ]{X-߃°n-S-bn¬ D≠m-bn-´p-≠v. alm-flm-Km‘n-bpsS aqØ-a-I≥ lcn-em¬ Km‘n Ckvemw aXw kzoI-cn®v ssiJv A_vZp-√m-Km-‘n-bmbt∏mgm-bn-cp∂p A¬ Aao-≥ hna¿i\w D∂-bn-®-Xv. Cu kw`hw amXr-`qan Xs∂ hni-Zo-I-cn-°p-∂Xv Cßs\-bmWv: "alm-flm-K-‘n-bpsS aqØ aI≥ lcn-em¬ Km‘n C…mw aXw kzoI-cn®v ssiJv A_vZp-√m-Km-‘n-bm-bXv C°m-e-ØmWv, 1936 sabn¬. C¥ybn-se-∂-√, temI-sØm-´msI A∂v hen-sbmcp N¿®m-hn-j-b-ambnØo¿∂p, Cu aXw am‰w.

F∂m¬, amXr-`qan A°m-cy-Øn¬ Hcp DZm-ko\ \b-amWv kzoI-cn-®-Xv. ae-_m-dnse apk¬am-∑m-dn¬ Hcp-hn-`mKw Cu DZm-ko\ \b-Øn¬ Akw-Xr]vXn {]I-Sn-∏n-®p. A_vZp-≈mK-‘n-bpsS C…mw aX-kzo-I-cWw icn-bm-sbmcp hnizm-k-]cn-h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ ^e-am-sW∂p hniz-kn-®n-cp∂ Ah¿, aXan-s√∂p ]d-bp∂ amXr-`qan Cu aXw-am-‰sØ A\p-Iq-en-°pI-Xs∂ thW-sa∂pw hniz-kn-®n-cn-°-Ww. 1936 sk]vXw-_dn¬ ssiJv A_vZp≈ Km‘n°v s]m∂m-\n-bn¬ Hcp {]apJ

- fpws 106 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

apkveow aX kwL-S-\-bpsS B`n-ap-Jy-Øn¬ Hcp kzoI-cWw \¬I-s∏-´p. {]kvXpX kzoI-c-W-tbm-K-Øn¬ AwKo-I-cn-°s∏´ {]ta-b-ß-fn¬ H∂v amXr-`q-an-bpsS DZm-ko\ \b-Øn{]Xn- t j- [ n- ° p- ∂ - X n\pw amXr- ` qan _ln- j v I - c n- ° m≥ ap…oßsf Blzm\w sNøp-∂-Xp-am-bn-cp-∂p.' ˛am-Xr-`q-an-bpsS Ncn-{Xw, c≠mw hmeyw lcn-em-ens‚ aXw-am-‰sØ Ipdn®v Km‘nPn \¬Inb hni-Zo-Ic-W-Øns‚ NphSp ]nSn-®m-bn-cp∂p A∂v amXr-`qan CXn¬ XßfpsS `mKw \ymbo-I-cn-®-Xv. Km‘nPn CXn\v \¬Inb hni-Zo-IcWw Cß-s\-bmWv: "Cu aXw am‰w lrZ-b-Øn¬\n-∂p≈ sFln-I-hn-Nm-c-߃ H∂pw-Xs∂ IqSm-ØXpw Bbn-cp-∂p-sh-¶n¬, F\n°v Bt£]-ap-≠m-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. F¥p-sIm-s≠-∂m¬ Fs‚ aX-sØt∏m-se-Xs∂ kXy-am-b-XmWv C…mw aXhpw F∂p Rm≥ hniz-kn-°p-∂p'. F∂m¬, lcn-em-ens‚ aXw am‰-ØnX\n°v kwi-bp-ap-s≠∂v hy‡-am-°n-bmWv Km‘nPn hniZo-I-cWw Ah-km-\n-∏n-°p-∂-Xv. amXr-`q-an-bm-Is´ apJ-{]-kwK-Øn-eqsS C°m-cy-Øn¬ \bw hy‡-am-°n: "aXw hy‡n-IfpsS kz¥w Imcy-am-Wv. Hcm-fpsS aXw-am-‰-Øn¬, Bbmƒ°√msX a‰m¿°pw kt¥m-j-Ønt\m k¥m-]-Ønt\m AhIm-i-an-√. aXw-am-‰w-sIm≠v X\n°v B[ym-flnIc£ e`n®p F∂p IcpXn Hcmƒ bYm¿Y-Øn¬ kt¥m-jn-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬, Abm-fpsS kt¥m-j-Øn¬ a‰p-≈-h¿°pw BÀm-Zn-°m-hp-∂Xm-Wv. F∂m¬, {]kvXm-h-\-bnep≈ aX-]-cn-h¿Ø-\-ß-fnAß-s\-bp≈ BÀm-Z-Øn\pw hI-bn-√. hnizm-kw-sIm-≠√, `uXn-I-amb Nne kuI-cy-߃ Dt±-in-®mWv X߃ aXw amdp-∂-sX∂v Aßs\ aXw amdp-∂-h¿Xs∂ kΩ-Xn-°p-∂p≠v.' ˛am-Xr-`q-an-bpsS Ncn-{Xw, c≠mw hmeyw X߃°v aXhpw PmXn-bp-an-s√∂v {]Jym-]n®v \nc-h[n apJ-{]kw-K-߃ Xs∂ amXr-`q-an°v hni-Zo-I-c-W-ambn \¬tI-≠n-h-∂n-

ss\-an-im-c-Wyw--

kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws107

cp-∂p. F∂n´pw apt∂m-°-˛-k-h¿W sslμh Xm¬]cyØns\m∏w \n¬°p∂ ]{X-sa∂ ]gn-bmWv amXr-`qan Ct∏mgpw tIƒt°-≠nh-cp- ∂-Xv. CXv adn-IS- ° - m-\mbn CXc aX-ßf - p-sbSpw ]n∂m° PmXnIfp-sSbpw hm¿Ø-Iƒ°v \√ ]cn-K-W\ \¬Ip-∂p-s≠-¶nepw apg®p-\n¬°p∂ sslμ-hm-`n-ap-JysØ ad-®p-sh-°m≥ amXr-`q-an°v Ignbm-dn-√. hcn-°mcpw hmb-\-°m-cp-amb henb hn`mKw lnμp-a-Xÿ-cm-sW-∂-Xp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ i‡-amb kz¥w ASn-Ødbv°v Cf°w X´mXn-cn-°m≥ CØcw hnj-b-ßsf ssIImcyw sNøp∂Xn¬ amXr-`qan _≤-{i-≤-\¬Ip∂p. lnμp-hn-izm-kn-Isf Xr]vXns∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn-\mbn tZho-˛-tZ-h-∑m-cp-ambn _‘-s∏-Sp∂ hntij Znh-k-ß-fn¬ H∂mw-t]-Pn¬ Xs∂ Ah-cpsS Nn{Xw {]kn-≤o-I-cn°p∂ coXn amXr-`qan CS-°m-eØv kzoI-cn-®n-cp-∂p, {]tXyI NSß-fpsS hm¿Ø F∂ cq]-Øn-e-√msX Xs∂!

]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\-Ønse `‡n `‡n Hcp hyh-km-bambn -amdn F∂-XmWv B[p-\nI tIc-fØns‚ as‰mcp khn-ti-j-X. at‰Xv hyh-km-b-tØ-°mfpw Ffp-∏Øn¬ hn]-Wn-bpsS ioe-ßsf kzmwio-I-cn-°m\pw D]-t`m-‡mhns‚ a\- n-te°v Bgv∂n-d-ßm\pw `‡n°v Ign-™n-cn-°p-∂p. `‡n- h n- I m- k - Ø ns‚ tNcp- h - I ƒ kaq- l - Ø n¬ GXp Xe- ß fn¬\n∂pw Db¿∂p-h-cmw. Cu tNcp-h-Isf ^e-{]-Z-ambn D]-tbmK-s∏-Sp-Øp-Ibpw `‡n-hn-]-Wn-bpsS km[y-X-Iƒ A\¥-am-sW∂v a\- n-em-°p-Ibpw sNbvX-Xv am[y-a-ß-fm-Wv. Itºm-f-Øn¬ GXp hym]m-c-Øn\pw hyh-km-b-Ønepw \jvS-km-[y-X-Iƒ Gsd-bm-Wv. `‡n-hy-h-km-b-Øn¬ adn-®pw. \jvSw kw`-hn-°m≥ GsX-¶nepw km[y-X-bp-s≠-¶n¬ AXv hnizm-kn-sb∂ D]-t`m-‡m-hn\v am{Xam-bn-cn-°pw. hnizm-k-Øns‚ Iºn-fn-∏p-X-∏n-\p-≈n¬ Ign-bp-∂-Xn\m¬ \jvSw hcpØp∂ ac-hn-∏n-s\bpw hn[n-sb∂m-iz-kn®v Igntb-≠n-h-cn-I-bmWv hnizm-kn.

`‡nbpw ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\hpw kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw sI´p-]n-W™p-In-S-t°≠ H∂-√. hn]-Wn- km[y-X-Isf D]-tbm-K-s∏-SpØp-∂X - n¬ ]{X- D-Sa - I - ƒ ssIh-cn® anSp-°ns‚ ^e-ambn C∂v AX-ßs\ InS-°p-∂p. Cu kml-Ncyw Fgp-Øp-Im-c≥ k°dn-b \nco-£n-°p-∂Xv Cß-s\-bmWv :

- fpws 108 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

"tIc-f-Øn¬ C∂v D≠m-bn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂Xv `‡n, ]{X{]- h ¿Ø\w F∂ c≠v hyh- k m- b - ß ƒ H∂v t N¿∂v {]h¿Øn-°p∂ Hcp {]tXyI Ah-ÿ-bm-Wv. C¥y-bnas‰mcp kwkvIm-c-Ønepw as‰mcp `mj-bnepw Cß-s\-sbmcp hn]Wn {]Xn-`mkw Zriy-a-√. `‡n-hy-h-km-b-Øns‚ hn]Wn-Xm-ev]-cy-߃ hm¿Ø-I-fn-te°v \nKq-V-ambn {]Xn-jvTn°-s∏-Sp-∂p. ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-I¿hm-Wn-Py-]-c-ambn kzm[o-\n-°s∏-Sp-tºmgpw ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-I¿Xs∂ `‡-cmbn amdp-tºmgpw CXv kw`hn-°mw. ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-I≥ hm¿Øsb Xs‚ `‡nbn-eq-sS, As√-¶n¬ , `‡n-hm-Wn-Py-Xm-ev]-cy-ß-fpsS {]Nmc-tWm-]m-[n-bmbn Zpcp-]t- bm-Ks - ∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. hm¿Ø Ifhmbn amdp-∂p' ˛ `--- ‡nbpw ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\hpw, Iem-Iu-apZn, am¿®v 2003 aXw, PmXn, `‡n XpS-ßnbhsb kao-]n-°p-tºmƒ `‡n-bpsS hn]-Wn-km-[y-X-Isf D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-sb∂ e£y-tØmsS ho£n-°m≥ am[ya߃ {ian-°p-∂Xv Cu Hcp ]›m-Ø-e-Øn¬IqSn- b m- W v . AXp- s Im- ≠ p- X s∂ \n¿Wm- b - I - a mb F¥p- ] - c njvImc\n¿tZ-i-ßfpw `‡n-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´ taJ-e-bn¬ Db¿∂ph-cp-tºmƒ hn]Wn e£yw-h-®p≈ kao-]\w am{Xw aXn-sb∂ \ne-bn-te°v B[p-\nI am[y-a-߃ ˛th¿Xn-cn-th-Xp-an-√msX˛ FØn-t®¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p. CXp≠m-°p∂ {]Xym-LmXw hep-Xm-Wv. tIc-f-Øns‚ kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m\ apt∂-‰-ßsf XI¿Øp-I-fbp∂ coXn-bn¬, BNmc \njvT-Ifpw hnizmk {]am-W-ßfpw ]p\ÿm-]n-°m≥ \SØp∂ t_m[-]q¿h {ia-ßsf Xpd-∂p-Im-´m≥ B[p-\nIImeØv ]{X-߃ hnap-JX ImWn-°p-∂ \ne-bn-te°v AXv FØn-bn-cn-°p-∂p. CØcw Imcy-ß-fn¬ kzX-{¥hpw \n¿`b-hp-amb A`n-{]mb {]I-S\w X߃°v Xs∂ BXy-¥n-I-amb Xncn-®SnbmIp-sa∂ `b-amWv Cu Dƒh-en-b-en\v {][m\ Imc-Ww. 1990- I ƒ°p- t ijw t£{X- ß - f psS ]p\- c p- ≤ m- c - W - Ø nepw apkveow˛ss{I-kvXh tZhm-e-b-߃ ÿm]n-°p-∂-Xnepw t\c-sØbn-√mØ Xmev]cyw AXXp kap-Zm-b-ß-fn¬ Db¿∂p-h∂n-´p-≠v.F√m Bcm-[m-\m-e-b-ß-fnepw FØn-t®-cp∂ hnizm-kn-I-fpsS

ss\-an-im-c-Wyw--

kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws109

FÆhpw Hmtcm h¿jhpw IqSn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. F∂m¬, CtXk-μ¿`-ß-fn¬ Bcm-[-\m-e-b-ß-fnse Nn´-h-´-߃ ]cn-jvI-cn-°p∂ Imcy-Øn¬ amaq-ep-Iƒ ssIsh-Sn-bm≥ Hcp-°-a-s√∂ ISpw-]n-SpØ-Øn-emWv hnizmkn kaq-lw. KpW-]-c-ambn amtd≠ CØcw N¿®-I-fn¬t]mepw ss[cy-k-taXw CS-s]-Smt\m A`n-{]mbw tcJs∏-Sp-Ømt\m ]{X-߃ Xøm-d-√. tIc-f-Øns‚ kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\-Øn¬ G‰hpw henb NphSp-sh-∏m-bn-cp∂p Kpcp-hm-bq¿ kXym-{K-lw. AtX Kpcp-hm-bq¿ Aºe-Øn¬ tIm¨{Kkv t\Xmhv hb-em¿ chn-bpsS sIm®-pa-I\v \evInb tNmdqWv krjvSn® tImem-lew \thm-∞m\ tIc-fØns‚ apJ-tØ°p≈ sNfn-hm-cn-tb-dm-bn-cp-∂p. hb-em¿ chn-bpsS `mcy tagvkn-c-hn-bm-bn-cp∂p hnhm-Z-Øns‚ Cc. ss{IkvXh hnizmkn-bmbn-cp∂ tagvkn-bpsS aI\pw sIm®p-a-I\pw sslμ-h-t£-{XØn¬ {]th-i\w km[y-am-b-Xp-Xs∂ Kpcp-X-c-amb BNm-c-\n-tj[-ambpw t£{X-ip-≤nsb If-¶-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xmbpw Nn{Xo-I-cn-°-s∏´p. ]cn-lm-c-{In-b-bn-eqsS ip≤n Xncn-®p-]n-Sn-®mWv Kpcp-hm-bq¿ t£{X-\-S-Øn-∏p-Im¿ tZhs‚ AlnXw am‰n-bXv! t£{X-Øn{]th-in® hb-em¿ chn-bpsS aI-s‚bpw sIm®p-a-I-s‚bpw hnizmk-߃°m-bn-cp-∂n-√, ]Icw t£{X-Øn¬ {]th-in-°mØ tagvknbpsS hnizm-k-am-bn-cp∂p Kpcp-hm-bq¿ Aip-≤n-bm-Im≥ Imc-W-ambn t£{Xm-[n-Im-cn-Iƒ Nq≠n-°m-´n-b-Xv. Cu {]iv\-Øn¬ s]mXp-k-aq-l-Øn¬ Db¿∂p-h∂ hyXykvX A`n-{]m-b-߃ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\∏pdw hy‡-amb \ne-]m-sSSp-°m≥ apJy-[mc ]{X-ß-sfm∂pw Xøm-dm-bn-√. X߃ CXnA`n-{]mbw ]d-bp-∂Xv hnizm-kn-If - mb _lp-`q-cn-]£w P\-XbpsS FXn¿∏v kºm-Zn-°m-\n-Sb - m-°p-sa∂ tXm∂-em-bn-cp∂p {]apJ ]{X߃°p-≠m-b-Xv. CXpƒs∏sS t£{X-ß-fnse BNmc coXn-Iƒ ]cn-jvI-cn-°p-∂Xp kw_-‘n®v Db¿∂ \n¿tZ-i-ß-tfm-sS√mw HcpXcw \n wK \ne-]m-SpXs∂ XpS¿∂p. Kpcp-hm-bq¿ t£{X-Ønkv{XoI-ƒ°v Nqcn-Zm¿ [cn®v {]th-in-°m-sa∂ \n¿tZiw Db¿∂t∏mƒ BNmc ]cn-jvImcw hnizm-k-Øn\v tIm´w X´p-sa∂ hmZ߃°v {]mapJyw \¬Im≥ ]{X-߃ aSn-Im-´n-bn-√. t£{X-ßfnse shSn hgn-]m-Sp-Iƒ A]-I-S-߃°v CS-bm-°p-sa-∂-Xn-\mshSn-i_vZw sdt°m¿Uv sNbvXv tIƒ∏n-®m¬ t]mtc-sb∂v tIcf

- fpws 110 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

sslt°m-SXn Bcm-™t- ∏mƒ s]mXp-kaql-Øn¬ AsXmcp N¿®bmbn Db¿Øn-s°m-≠p-h-cm\pw am[y-a-߃ hnap-JX ImWn-®p.

ImcWw hnizm-k-Øn\v £X-ta¬°p∂ N¿®-Iƒ Xß-fpsS {]Nmc-km-[y-Isf XS- -s∏-Sp-Øp-sa-∂-Xp-X-s∂. \mcm-b-W-Kp-cp- Acp-hn-∏pdw {]Xn-jvT- \-S-Øn-bXv 1888-em-Wv. t£{X{]-th-i-\Ønepw t£{Xm-[n-Im-c-Øn-ep-ap≈ A{_m-“-WcpsS Ah-Imiw ÿm]n-°-em-bn-cp∂p AXv. {_m“-Wm-[n-]-XyØns‚ Zpjn® ioe-ßsf {]Xn-tcm-[n-°m-\p≈ kwL-i-‡n-°p≈ ASn-Ø-d-bn-´-Xm-bn-cp∂p Acp-hn-∏pdw {]Xn-jvT. AXns‚ XpS¿®bmbn Fkv-F≥Un-]nbpw \thm-∞m\ {]ÿm-\-ßfpw i‡n-s∏´-t∏mƒ ]qP sNøm-\p≈ Ah-Im-ihpw IogvPm-Xn-°m-c-\p-s≠∂v {io\m-c-mb-Wo-b¿ ÿm]n-®p. ]qPm-hn-[n-Iƒ ]Tn® GsXm-cp-hnizm-kn°pw ]qP-sN-øm≥ Ah-Im-i-ap-s≠∂ Cu {]Jym-]-\sØ sNdnb tXmXn¬t]mepw Dƒs°m-≈m≥ tIc-f-Ønse hnime lnμp-hn-izmkn kaqlw Xøm-dm-bn-´n-√. \mcm-b-W-Kpcp apt∂m-´psh® \thm-∞m-\m-i-bsØ Cug-h-t£-{X-ßfpw Cugh∏qPm-cnamcpw Cugh ssZh-ßfpw F∂ \ne-bn¬ hn]-coX Zni-bn¬ hmbn°p-I-bmWv B[p-\n-I-tI-c-fob s]mXp-k-aqlw sNbvXXv. ]qPm-ZnI¿Ω-ß-fnse kh¿Wm-[n-]-XysØ C√m-Xm-°m-\p≈ {ia-߃°v ]n¥pW \¬Im≥ FkvF - ≥Un-]n°v ]pdØv as‰mcp kwL-S\ - tbm \thm-∞m-\ aqey-߃ ]n≥]‰n \n¬°p∂ ]{X-ß-tfm k∂-≤-ambn-´n-s√∂-XmWv bmYm¿Yyw. i_-cn-a-e-bpambn _‘-s∏´v Db¿∂ hnhm-Z-ß-fnepw `qcn-]£w hcp∂ hnizmkn kaq-l-Øns‚ hnIm-c-ßsf {hW-s∏-Sp-Øm-\ns√∂ \ne-]mSv kzoI-cn®v, hymP-\n¿an-Xnsb Xpd-∂p-Im-Wn-°p∂Xn¬\n∂v amdn-\n¬°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p am[y-a-߃. i_cnae-bnse kv{Xo km∂n-[y-am-bn-cp∂p Hcp hnhmZ hnj-bw. hn{K-l-Øn\v kao]w kv{Xo IS-∂p-sN-∂-Xmbn t£{X-Øn¬ \S-Ønb tZh-{]iv\-Øn¬ sXfn-™-Xmbn tPymXnjn ]c-∏-\-ßmSn DÆn-°r-jvW]-Wn-°¿ \S-Ønb ]cm-a¿iw hnizmkn kaq-lsØ H∂-S¶w Cf-°n-a-dn-®-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. t£{Xm-Nm-c-ß-fpsS \ntj-[-amb {iotImhn-ense kv{Xo km∂n[yw Fß-s\-bp-≠m-sb-∂Xv kw_-‘n® X¿°-߃ Gsd \S-∂p. tZh-{]-iv\-Ønse Is≠-ج icn-bmsW∂v hy‡-am-°n-s°m≠v I∂S Ne-®n-{X-Xmcw Pb-ame, t£{X-

ss\-an-im-c-Wyw--

kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws111

k-μ¿i\w \S-Øn-bXv Xm\m-sW∂v ]d-bpI IqSn sNbvX-tXmsS tZh-{]-iv\-Ønse ]cm-a¿i-Øn\v km[q-I-c-W-hp-am-bn. F∂m¬, Pb-am-e-bpsS shfn-s∏-Sp-Ø-tem DÆn-Ir-jvW-∏-Wn-°-cpsS {]iv\\n-co-£-Wtam icn-bm-sW∂v ÿm]n-°m≥ ]n∂oSv B¿°pw km[n®n-√. e£-°-W-°n\v hcp∂ hnizm-kn-I-fpsS hnIm-csØ {hW-s∏Sp-Ønb Cu ]cm-a¿i-ß-fnte°v \bn® ]n∂m-ºpd bmYm¿∞y߃ Is≠-Øm≥ km[n-®n-√. am{X-a-√, i_-cn-ae t£{X-Ønse kv{Xo{]-th-i\ \ntj[w ]p\-∏-cn-tim-[n-t°≠ H∂m-sW∂ A`n{]m-bß - ƒ°pw am[y-aß - ƒ henb {]m[m\yw sImSp-Øn-√. ImcWw CØcw N¿®-I-sf√mw Xs∂ hnizm-kn-I-fpsS FXn¿∏n-te-°mWv \bn-°p-I-sb∂ `bw ]{X-ßsf h√msX ]nSn-Iq-Sp-I-bp-≠m-bn.

BNm-c-߃ ]cn-jvIcn°p-I-sb-∂-Xn-te°v IS-°msX, tPymXn-jØns‚ t]cn¬ krjvSn-°p∂ CØcw A]-I-S-ßsf Xpd-∂p-Im´m\p≈ DØ-c-hm-ZnØw GsX-¶nepw ]{Xw Gs‰-Sp-t°-≠-Xm-bncp-∂p. tPymXn-j-Øn\v imkv{Xo-bm-Sn-Ø-d-bp-s≠∂v A\p-Iq-en-Iƒ hmZn-°p-∂n-S-tØmfw Xs∂ {]m[m\yw AXns‚ t]cn¬ \S-°p∂ Nqj-W-ßsf P\-ß-fn-te°v FØn-°p-∂-Xn\pw \¬Im≥ am[y-a߃ k∂-≤-am-I-W-am-bn-cp-∂p. DÆn-IrjvW ]Wn-°-cpsS tZh{]-iv\-Ønse Is≠-ج, henb hnizmkn kaq-lsØ {hW-s∏Sp-Øp-sa-∂-Xn-\m¬ Xnc-kvI-cn-°-s∏-´p-sh-∂-Xn\v A∏pdw {]iv\hn[n ]cm-am¿i-ß-fn¬ Cßs\ ÿncw IS-∂p-Iq-Sp-∂ s]m≈-Øc-ßsf hnNm-cW sNøm≥ s]mXp-k-aq-ltam am[y-a-ßtfm Xømdm-bn-√. aI-c-tPymXn kw_-‘n® hnhm-Z-ß-fm-bn-cp∂p ]{X-ß-fpsS Ip‰I-c-amb DZm-ko-\X shfn-hm-b-Xv. tPymXn ImWm-s\-Ønb \qdnte-d-t∏cpsS Poh≥ ]p¬taSv Zpc-¥-Øn-eqsS \jvS-am-b-t∏m-gmWv aI-c-tPym-Xn-bpsS hni-Zmw-i-߃ Adn-b-W-sa∂v tIc-f-Ønse s]mXp-k-aqlw B{K-ln-®-Xv. s]m∂-ºeta´n¬ aI-c-tPymXn sXfnbp-∂X√ sXfn-bn-°p-∂-Xm-sW∂v tZhkzw A[n-Ir-X¿°pw HSphn¬ kΩ-Xn-t°-≠n-h-∂p.

F{Xtbm h¿j-ß-fmbn tIc-f-Øn-epw kwÿm-\-Øn\v ]pdØp-ap≈ hnizm-kn-Isf tZh-kz-Øns‚ Adn-thmsS \S-Ønb Cu I_-fn-∏n-°¬, AXns‚ Kuc-h-tØm-sS-b√ am[y-a-߃ kao-]n-®-

- fpws 112 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

Xv. Ahn-sSbpw hnizmkw Xs∂-bm-bn-cp∂p {]Xn-_-‘w. aIc tPymXn sXfn-bn-°p-∂Xv, i_-cn-a-e-bnse as‰√m NS-ßp-I-sfbpw t]mse a\p-jy≥ sNøp-∂-Xm-sW∂v kΩ-Xn-®m¬ AXns‚ ]hn{X-X \jvS-s∏-Sp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. AXn\v ]Icw, aIc tPymXn sXfnbp-∂-Xn\v Hcp KqV-]-cn-thjw \ne-\n¿Øm-\m-bn-cp∂p tZhkzw t_m¿Upw t£{Xm-[n-Im-cn-Ifpw {ian-®-Xv. AXn-eqsS IqSp-XssZhn-IX krjvSn-s®-Sp-°m≥ tZhkzw {ian-®p. hnizm-kn-I-fpsS [mc-W-Iƒ°p-tase \S-Ønb Cu I_-fn-∏n-°¬ AXns‚ Kuch-tØmsS ]pd-sØ-Øn-°p-∂-Xn\v ]Icw H∂pw sNømsX amdn\n¬°p-I-bmWv ]p¬taSv Zpc-¥-Øn\v tijhpw am[y-a-߃ sNbvXXv. ae-bmf at\m-c-abpw amXr-`q-an-bp-sa√mw AXoh kq£va-X-tbmsS-bmWv {]iv\w ssIImcyw sNbvX-Xv. tPymXn sXfn-bp-∂tXm sXfn- b n- ° p- ∂ tXm F∂Xv Is≠- t Ø≠ Hcp Bh- i yhpw X߃°n-s√∂ a´n-em-bn-cp∂p ]{X-߃. GXm\pw Znh-k-߃ CXp- k w- _ - ‘ n® hm¿Ø- I ƒ hs∂- ¶ nepw kz¥w \ne- b ntPymXn°v ]n∂nse cl-ky-߃ Is≠-Øm≥ Hcp am[y-ahpw Xp\n™n-cp-∂n-√. \ne-]mSv hni-Zo-I-cn®v apJ-{]-kw-K-߃ Fgp-Xn-sb¶nepw AsXm∂pw aI-c-tPym-Xn-bpsS t]cn¬ \S-Øn-h∂ Cu HutZym-KnI I_-fn-∏n-°-ens\ Xpd-s∂-Xn¿°m≥ Xøm-dm-bn-√. CXphsc XpS¿∂ "BNm-c-߃' AtX-]Sn \S-°p-∂-Xt√ DNn-Xsa∂mbn-cp∂p s]mXpam[ya kao-]-\w. e£-°-W-°n\v hcp∂ Bcm-[-I¿°v Ct∏mgpw \n›-b-an-√mØ-XmWv Cu I_-fn-∏n-°¬. ]p√p-taSv Zpc-¥Øn\v GXm\pw h¿jwapºv ssIcfn Nm\en¬ at\mPv ]pXn-bh - nf \S-Ønb hkvXpXm-A-t\z-j-W-amWv aI-c-tPymXn kw_-‘n® bmYm¿Yyw ]pd-ØpsIm≠ph∂ anI® dnt∏m¿´p-I-fn-sem-∂v. ]p√p-taSv Zpc-¥-Øn\v tijhpw tIc-f-Ønse am[y-a-ßsf√mw tPymXn°v ]n∂nse clky-߃ shfn-®-Øp-sIm-≠p-h-cm≥ aSn-®p-\n-∂-t∏mƒ Xan-gv\m-´nsebpw B{‘-bn-sebpw am[y-a-߃, ssIcfn \¬Inb ]gb dnt∏m¿´p-Isfbpw Zriy-ß-sfbpw B{i-bn®psIm≠v, Cu I_-fn∏n-°-ens\ Ipdn®v hkvXp-Xm-]-c-amb dnt∏m¿´v \S-Øm≥ Xøm-dmsb-∂Xv {it≤-b-am-Wv.

ss\-an-im-c-Wyw--

kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws113

hnizm-k-Øns‚ t]cn¬ \S°p∂ X´n-∏p-Iƒs°-Xnsc P\-apt∂-‰-ap-≠mb kwÿm-\-ØmWv i_-cn-a-e-bn¬ hnizm-kn-Isf NqjWw sNbvXp≈ BNm-c- \m-SIw Ac-tß-dp-∂-sX∂-XmWv bmYm¿Yyw. am[y-a-ß-fm-Is´ Ip‰-I-c-amb \n w-K-X-bn-epw. sshcp≤y-sa∂v ]d-b-s´, at\mPv ]pXnb hnf-bpsS hkvXp-Xm-t\z-jWw BZy F∏n- t kmUv kwt{]- j Ww sNbv X - t ∏mƒ Xs∂ A∂v ssIcfn Nm\¬ Xe-∏-Øp-≠m-b-h-cn¬\n∂v hna¿i-\-߃ Db¿∂psh-∂Xpw XpS¿∂v "ka-Im-enIw' F∂ Id‚ v A^-tbgvkv ]cn-]mSn-bnse D≈-S°w \nco-£n-°m≥ Hcp kwhn-[m\w Hcp-°n-sb-∂Xpw bmYm¿Yy-am-Wv. i_-cn-a-e-bnse Xnc°v Hgn-hm-°m≥ F√m Znh-khpw Bcm-[\-sb∂ coXn kzoI-cn-°p-∂X - ns\ Ipdn®v sslt°m-SXn A`n-{]mbw Bcm-™-t∏mgpw AXv Kuc-h-amb ]cn-K-W-\-bv°v sh°m≥ tZhkztam am[y-a-ßtfm Xøm-dm-bn-´n-√. as‰¥pw henb N¿®-bm°n am‰p∂ am[y-a-߃ sslt°m-S-Xn-bpsS `mK-Øp-\n∂p≠mb Cu A`n{]m- b - { ]- I - S - \ sØ Kuc- h - a mb N¿®- b m°n am‰m- \ p≈ Xm¬]cyw H´pw {]I-Sn-∏n-®-Xp-an-√. KXm-KX kuI-cy-ß-fn-√m-Ø, hen-b-tXm-Xn¬ hnizmkn-Iƒ FØm-Xn-cp∂ ImeØv aI-c-˛-a-fie D’hw \S-∂-Xp-t]m-se-b√ C∂v hnizm-kn-Iƒ Iq´-tØmsS HgpIp∂ ImesØ ÿnXn. t£{X-ßfpw AXnse BNm-c-A-\p-jvTm\-ßfpw a\p-jy-\n¿an-X-am-sW-∂-XpsIm≠pX-s∂-bmWv ]pXnb kml-N-cy-Øn¬ ÿnc-ambn t£{Xw Xpd-°p-∂-Xn-\p-≈ km[y-XIƒ F{X-tØm-f-ap-s≠∂v ]cn-tim-[n-t°-≠n-bn-cn-°p-∂-Xv. CØcw \n¿tZ- i - ß - t fmSv am[y- a - ß ƒ ImWn® Cu \n w- K - X bv ° pw ImcWw ]{X-ßfpsS {]Nm-c-Øn\v tIm´w X´m-Xn-cn-°m-\p-≈ aqe[\ Xm¬]cyw am{X-am-bn-cp-∂p. hnizmk tI{μo-Ir-X-amb Imcyß-fn¬ am‰-Øn-\mbn \ne-bp-d-∏n-°p-I-sb-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂n√ am[y-aß-fpsS Ign™ Iptd-Zi - I - ß - f - m-bp≈ kao-]\ - w. hnizmkn kaqlw Fß-s\-bmtWm \oßp-∂Xv AX-\p-k-cn®v \oßp-I-sb-∂-Xn-\-∏pdØv {Iobm-flI CS-s]-Sen\v Hcp-am-[y-ahpw Xp\n-bp-∂-Xmbn ImWm≥ Ign-bn-√.

Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw ]fl-\m-`-kzman t£{X-Ønse \ne-h-d-bv°p≈n¬ kq£n® kzØp-hn-h-c-ßfpsS Imcy-Ønepw hnizm-kn-I-tf°mƒ henb hnizm-k-Øn-eq-∂nbmbncp∂p am[y-a-߃ k©-cn-

- fpws 114 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

®-Xv. t£{X-hp-ambn \nc-¥c _‘-Øn-eq≈ Hcp hnizmkn \¬Inb tIkn-emWv \ne-h-d-Iƒ Xpd∂v kzØns‚ aqeyw ]cn-tim-[n-°p∂-Xn\v tImSXn DØ-c-hn-Sp-∂-sX∂ hkvXpX t]mepw am[y-a߃°v {]k-‡-ambn tXm∂n-bn-√. ]Icw \ne-hd Xpd-∂m-ep-≠mIp∂ `hn-jy-Øp-Iƒ, kzØns‚ DS-a-ÿm-h-Imiw t£{X-Øn\v Xs∂-bm-sW∂v ÿm]n-°m-\p≈ Xo{h-{i-a-߃ Cßs\ hnizmk-tI-{μo-Ir-X-ambn hm¿Ø-Isf \¬Ip∂ kao-]-\-amWv ae-bmf am[y-a-߃ kzoI-cn-®-Xv. Pbn-®-h-sc kvXpXn®pw cmP-`-‡n {]I-Sn-∏n®pw Fgp-Xn-t®¿Ø Ncn-{X-sØbpw tI´p-tIƒhn-I-fmbn {]N-cn-®-Xp-amb Imcy-ßsf Iptd-°qSn s]mSn-∏pw-sXm-ßepw tN¿Øv Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-I-bmWv ]fl-\m-`-kzm-an-t£-{X-Ønse kzØns‚ aqey-\n¿W-b-Ønse am[ya kao-]-\w. 1750¬ cmPyw apgp-h≥ {io]fl-\m-`\v k¿Δ-kz-Zm\-ambn \¬Inb hnim-e-a-\-kvI-\m-bmWv am¿Øm-fi-h¿asb A∂pw C∂pw hnti-jn-∏n-°m≥ F√m-h¿°pw Xmev]-cyw. am¿Ømfi-h¿abpsS Xr∏-Sn-Zm-\sØ ]mSn-∏p-I-gvØpI cmP-`-c-W-ImeØv At±-l-Øns‚ B{in-X-hr-μ-ß-fpsS ZuXy-am-bn-cp-∂p. 18˛mw \q‰m≠n¬ Zp¿_-e-ambn InS-∂n-cp∂ thWm-Sns\ CX-c-{]-tZ-i-߃ sh´n-∏n-Sn®pw cmPy-Øn-\-IØv Xs∂ ]n≈-am-cpsS t\Xr-Xz-ØnDb¿∂ hna-X-\o-°-ß-sf AXn-Po-hn-®p-amWv am¿Øm-fi-h¿a thWm-Sns‚ B[n-]Xyw Ac-°n-´p-d-∏n-®-Xv. BZyw cmP-`-c-W-Øn\p≠mb Akz-ÿ-Isf ASn-®-a¿Øp-∂Xm-bn-cp∂p \bw. a°-Øm-b-a-\p-k-cn®v Xr∏m-∏q¿ knwlm-k-\-Ønt∑¬ Ah-Im-i-hmZw D∂-bn® ]fl-\m-`≥ Xºn-sbbpw cma≥ Xºnsbbpw Ah¿°v ]n¥pW \¬Inb ]n≈-am-scbpw tbmK-°m-scbp-amWv am¿Øm-fih - ¿a ASn-®a - ¿Øn-bX - v. XpS¿∂m-bn-cp∂p cmPy߃ sh´n-∏n-Sn-°¬. B‰n-ß-ep-am-bp≈ eb-\w, sIm√w, ImbwIp-fw, sIm´m-c-°c Ff-b-SØp kzcq-]w, Aº-e-∏pg F∂n-h-bp-ambp≈ bp≤--߃, U®p-Imsc Xpc-Ønb Ipf-®¬ bp≤w F∂nh am¿Øm-fi-h¿Ω-bpsS hnP-b-Km-Y-I-fn¬s]-Sp-∂-h-bm-Wv. F∂m¬, Cßs\ sh´n-∏n-Sn-®-t∏mgpw cmPy-Øns‚ Ingt° AXn¿Ønbn¬\n∂v am¿Øm-fi-h¿Ωbv°v henb sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ t\cn-tS≠n-h-∂n-cp-∂p. B¿t°m´v \hm-_ns‚ _‘p-°-fmb Nμm-kmln_pw _Um-kmln_pw \S-Ønb B{I-a-W-߃, Xr»n-\m-∏-≈n-

ss\-an-im-c-Wyw--

kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws115

bnse Kh¿Æ-cm-bn-cp∂ atU-anb Xncp-s\¬th-en-bn¬ \S-Ønb B{I-a-W-߃, CuÃn-¥ym-I-º-\n-bpsS klm-b-tØmsS I¿ÆmSnIv \hm-_mb apl-Ω-Zmen \S-Ønb B{I-a-W-߃ F∂n-ßs\ am¿Øm-fi-h¿Ωbv°v Xncn-®-Sn-tb-In-bXpw \nc-¥cw Akz-ÿX krjvSn-®-Xp-amb kw`-h-߃ thsd-bp-ap-≠m-bn-cp-∂p.

CXn-s‚-sb√mw ^e-ambn knwlm-k\w kwc-£n-°p-∂-Xn-s\m∏w a‰v bp≤-ß-fn-eqsS sh´n-∏n-Sn® kzØp-°ƒ ssIhn-´p-t]m-ImXn-cn-°m-\pw AXn-\mbn cmPysØ hnizm-kn-I-fmb _lp-`q-cn-]£-Øns‚ ]n¥p-W-bm¿Pn-°m-\p-sa√mw \S-Ønb {ia-ß-fpsS `mKamWv Xr∏-Sn-Zm-\-sa∂ \nco-£-W-ßsf Kuc-h-tØmsS ]cn-tim[n-°m\pw hni-I-e\w sNøm\pw am[y-a-߃ Xp\n-™n-´n-√. ]Icw hnizm-kn-Iƒt°m, s]mXp-k-aq-l-Ønt\m Hcp-{]-tbm-P-\-hp-an-√msX t£{X \ne-h-d-bn¬ kq£n® hne-a-Xn-°m-\m-hmØ kzØp-°ƒ, Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ cmPm-°-∑m-cpsS {]Pm-Xm-ev]cyw ap≥\n¿Øn-bp≈ Xocp-am-\-sa∂ JymXn-]-I¿∂p-\¬Im-\m-bn-cp∂p am[y-a-ß-fpsS hy{K-X. am¿Øm-fih - ¿Ω Xr∏Sn Zm\w \S-Øp∂ L´-Øn¬ cmPyw P\m-bØ `c-W-Øn-te°v IS-∂p-sN-√p-sa∂pw cmP-`-cWw C√mXm-Ip-sa∂pw IW-°q-Iq-´m≥ hgn-bn-√. AXn\v ]Icw cmP-`-cWw Fs∂-t∂-°p-ambn \ne-\n-evIm-\mhiy-amb Icp-X¬ [\w Is≠Øp-Is - b-∂X - n¬ Ihn™ {]Pm-Xm-ev]cyw Xr∏-Sn-Zm-\Øn\v \¬Ip∂-Xp-Xs∂ HuNn-Xy-an-√m-bva-bmWv. am¿Øm-fi-h¿a-bp-sSbpw a‰pw ImeØv cmPyØv D≠mbn-cp∂ kmaq-lnI hnth-N-\-Øns‚ `mK-ßsf hnkva-cn®v cmP-`-c-W-tØmSv tN¿∂p-\n∂ \ma-am-{X-amb Imcy-ÿk - a - q-lØ - n\pw ta¬PmXn hn`mK-߃°pw ssIh∂ t\´-Øn-eqsS t£{X-\n-e-h-d-bn¬ Icp-Xnsh® kzØns\ A]q¿h "\n[n' sb∂v hymJym-\n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p cmP-`‡n \jvS-s∏-SmØ, t£{XsØ Np‰n-∏-‰n-bp≈ Hcp-Iq´w hnizm-kn-Iƒ sNbvX-Xv. Cu IW-s°-Sp∏pw {]Nm-c-Whpw hnizmk-Øn-\p-t\-sc-bp≈ sh√p-hn-fn-bmbn t]mepw hymJym-\-ap-b¿∂p.

CØcw kμ¿`- ß - f n- s e√mw bmYm¿Yy- t ØmSv ASp- ° msX hnizmknIsfam{Xw IW-°n-se-SpØv hm¿Ø-Iƒ \¬Ip-∂X - n-emWv am[y-a-߃ {i≤-sIm-Sp-Ø-Xv. cmP-`-c-W-Iq-S-Øns‚ kzØp-k-ºmZ-\-Øn\pw km[m-c-W-°msc ]ngn-bp∂ \S-]-SnIƒ°pw FXn-sc am{X-a-√, kmaq-lnI hnth-N-\-Øns‚ Zpc-h-ÿ-sb-°p-dn®pw \nc-

- fpws 116 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

¥-c-hm¿Ø-I-fn-eqsS ae-bm-fnsb {]_p-≤-cm-°p-Ibpw ka-tcm-’pI-am-°p-Ibpw sNbvX BZy-Ime hrØm-¥-]-{X-{]-h¿Ø\ ImeØp-\n-∂mWv B[p-\nI aqe-[\am[ya Xmev]-cyw Cu hnizm-ktI-{μo-I-c-W-Øn-te°v \oßn-b-sX∂v ImWmw. Im‰pw shfn-®hpw IS-°m-Ø-X√ t£{Xm-Nm-c-ßfpw hnizm-kß-fpw. AXn-{]m-No-\hpw {]mIr-X-hp-amb BNmc coXn-I-ƒ ]eXpw B[p-\nI bpK-Øn¬ C√m-Xm-hp-Itbm henb ]cnh¿Ø-\-Øn\v CS-bm-hp-Itbm sNbvXn-´p-≠v. CØcw am‰w km[y-am-bXv ssZhnI CS-s]-S-en-eq-sSb√. a\p-jy-krjvSn-bmb BNmc coXn-Ifn¬ a\pjy¿Xs∂ hcp-Ønb am‰-ßsf hnizmkn kaqlw Dƒs°m-≠Xns‚ ^e-amWv BNm-c-ß-fnepw hnizm-k-ß-fnepw CXn-\Iw h∂n´p≈ am‰-߃. am‰-߃°v A\p-Iq-e-ambn Nn¥n-°m-Ø cmPm-[nImc Ime- Ø p- t ]mepw ]cn- j v I m- c - ß ƒ bmYm¿Yy--a m- b n- c p- ∂ p.

F∂m¬, P\m-bØ kwhn-[m-\-Øn-te°v `c-W-{I-ahpw kmaq-lnI LS-\bpw amdnb L´-Øn¬, kam-\-co-Xn-bn-ep≈ am‰w BNmc hnizmk coXn-bn¬ hcpØm\p≈ DZyaw t]mepw Fhn-sS-bp-saØp-∂n-√. Db¿∂p-h-cp∂ \n¿tZ-i-ß-fm-Is´ bmYm-ÿn-Xn-I-XzØns‚ s]cp-t¶m-´-IƒsI´n {]Xn-tcm-[n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. hymP \njv]-£-X-bpsS Iq´p-tN¿Øv Cu s]cp-t¶m-´-Iƒ°v ZrV-X-tbIpIbmWv am[y-a-߃.

Xncp-ج i‡n-bmbn \ne-sIm-t≈≠ CØcw kμ¿`-ß-fnam[y-a-߃ kzoI-cn® ]n¥n-cn-∏≥ \ne-]mSv H‰-s∏-´-X-√. `‡n-hyh-km-b-Øns‚ KpW-t`m-‡m-°-fmb am[y-a-߃, s]mXpsh Bcm[-\m-e-bBtLm-j-߃°v \¬Ip∂ Aan-X-`-‡ym-Z-c-ß-fpsS XpS¿® am{X-amWv ta¬ kw`-h-ß-tfmSv kzoI-cn® kao-]-\-hpw.

Ahn-sS-bmWv k°-dnb \nco-£n® "hm¿Ø If-hm-Ip∂' kml-Ncy-ap-≠m-Ip-∂-Xv. sslμh t£{X-ßsf am{Xw tI{μo-I-cn-®p-≈X√ CXv. ]s£ `qcn-]£ kap-Zm-b-sa-∂-\n-e-bnepw sslμ-h-t£{X-ß-fnse Bcm-[m-\-Iƒ°v e`n-°p∂ sshhn-[yX Imc-Whpw CXv Gdn-\n¬°p-∂p-sh∂v am{Xw. Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-csØ B‰p-Im¬ s]m¶me am[y-a- hm¿Ø-bpsS "BtLm-j'-Øns‚ B[p-\nI DZm-l-c-W-am-Wv. s]m¶m-e hm¿Ø \¬Ip-∂-Xn¬, AXns‚ `mjm {]tbm-K-Øn¬ am[y-a-߃ kzoIcn°p-∂Xv `‡n-a-’c coXn-bm-Wv. `‡n-bpsSbpw hnizm-k-Øn-

ss\-an-im-c-Wyw--

kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws117

s‚bpw A¥-k-Ø-Xs∂ tNmZyw sNbvXn-cp∂ Iayq-WnÃv {]ÿm\-Øns‚ apJ-]-{X-amb "tZim-`n-am\n' °pt]mepw B‰p-Im¬s]m¶me Dƒ∏-sS-bp≈ t£{X-ß-fpsS BtLm-j-s∏cp-°-Øn¬\n∂v amdn-\-S-°m≥ km[n-®n-´n-√.

2012se B‰p-Im¬ s]m¶mebpsS hm¿Ø tZim-`n-am\n \¬InbXv t\m°n-bm¬ CXv hy‡-am-Ipw. s]m¶me Znh-k-amb am¿®v Ggn\v tZim-`n-am-\n-bpsS Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw ]Xn-∏v BtLm-jsØ Gs‰-SpØ coXn-bn-em-bn-cp-∂p. H∂mw t]Pn¬ C∂v s]m¶m-e-sb∂ hm¿Øbpw ]Shpw Dƒt]Pn¬ Ac-t∏Pv \nd-b-Ø-°-hn[w aq∂phm¿Øbpw aq∂p-]-S-hpw. AI-t∏-Pnse {][m\ hm¿Ø "Zo]w ]Icp-∂Xv cmhnse 10-\v F∂ Xe-s°-t´m-sS-bm-bn-cp-∂p. "Dd-ßmsX \K-cw' F∂ Xe-s°-´n¬ \¬Inb as‰mcp hm¿ØbnemWv tZim`n-am-\nbpw hm¿Ø \¬Ip-∂-Xn¬\n∂v amdn `‡n-bn-em-dm-Sp-∂-Xv. s]m¶m-esb Fßs\ Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw \K-chpw `‡-P-\-ßfpw hc-th¬°p-∂p-sh-∂m-bn-cp∂p hm¿Ø-bpsS kw{K-lw. AXn-ßs\ XpS-cp∂p: "s]m¶m-e-bpsS Xte∂v \Kcw Dd-ßn-bn-√. A`q-X-]q¿h-amb Xnc-°mWv sNmΔmgvN cmhnse apX¬ A\p-`h - s - ∏-´X - v. s]m¶me-bv°p-th≠ km[-\-ß-fp-ambn kpc-£nX ÿm\-߃ tXSnbp≈ `‡-cpsS Hm´w. cmhnse apX¬ t£{X-Z¿i-\-Øn\pw h≥ Xnc-°m-bn-cp-∂p. t£{X-Øn\v kao]w s]m¶m-e-b-Sp-∏pIƒ \nc-Øn-b-h¿ cm{Xn sXm´-Sp-Øp≈ hoSp-I-fnepw t£{Xß-fn-ep-ambn Ign-®p-Iq-´n. PmXn-aX t`Z-an-√msX `‡¿°v F√mhn[ klm-bhpw \¬Im≥ \K-ch - m-kn-If - pw. Xan-g\ v m-S,v B{‘, I¿Wm-SI XpS-ßnb kwÿm-\-ß-fn¬\n-∂p-≈-hcpw s]m¶me-bvs°-Øn-bn-´p-≠v.' dnt∏m¿´v sNbv X sX√mw hkv X p- X - I ƒX- s ∂. a‰v hm¿ØIƒs°m∏w \¬Im- h p∂ hnh- c - ß tf AXn- e p- ≈ q. F∂m¬, AXnse `mj `‡n-]-{X-{]-h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ coXn-bn-ep-≈-Xm-bn. hnizm-kn-I-tfmSpw BNm-c-ß-tfmSpw tZim-`n-am\n apJw-Xn-cn-™p\n¬°p-∂n-s√∂v ImWn-°pI IqSn-bmhmw hm¿Ø-Iƒ Cu coXnbn¬ hn\y-kn-®-Xns‚ e£yw. H∏w s]m¶m-e-bn-Sm-s\-Øp∂ `‡¿°v A[n-I-ku-I-cy-ß-sfm-cp-°n-s°m-Sp-ØXv F¬Un^v

- fpws 118 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

k¿°m-cm-sW∂ Hm¿Ω-s∏-Sp-جIqSn \S-Øp∂p AtX hm¿Øbn¬ tZim-`n-am-\n. F¬Un-F^v k¿°m-cns‚ ImeØv B‰p-Im]mew DZvLm-S\w sNbvX-tXmsS In≈n-∏m-e-Øp-\n∂v Xnc-°n√msX `‡¿°v t£{X-Øn-se-Øm-\p-≈ kuIcyw h¿[n-s®∂pw hm¿Ø-bn¬ ]d-bp-∂p tZim-`n-am-\n. hnizm-kn-Isf ]{X-tØmSpw ]m¿´n-tbmSpw tN¿°p-I-sb∂ Xmev]cyw Xs∂-bmWv C{Xbpw hn]p-e-amb Hcp- hm¿Øm hn\ym-k-Øn\v tZim-`n-am-\nsb t{]cn∏n-®n-´p-≠m-hp-I. s]m¶me Ign™Xns‚ ]nt‰-∂n-dß - nb ]Xn-∏nepw CXns‚ XpS¿® Xs∂-bm-Wv. tI{μ- d-bn¬sh _P‰v apJy-hm¿ØbmbXn-\m¬ A∂v s]m¶m-e-bpsS Nn{Xw -am-{Xta H∂mw-t]-PnCSw In´n-bp-≈q. F¶nepw hm¿Ø ]pdw-t]-Pn¬ hni-Z-am-bn-Øs∂ \¬Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. s]m¶me hm¿Ø hcp∂ Zn\-ß-fn¬ s]m¶mebv°v Biw-k-b¿∏n®v Nne ÿm]-\-߃ \evInb ]c-kyhpw tZim-`n-am\n {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®p. s]m¶mesb tZim-`n-am-\nbpw `‡nhy-h-km-b-ambn D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øn-sb∂-XmWv {]tXy-IX. t£{X˛tZhm-eb BtLm-j-ßfpw BNm-c-ßfpw hm¿Ø-Ifpw ^o®-dp-I-fp-ambn CSw ]nSn-°p-∂Xv \thm-∞m\ aqey-ß-sf C√mXm-°p∂ H∂mWv F∂√ CXns‚ hnh-£. BtLm-jß - ƒ hm¿Øsb∂ Xe-Øn¬ ]{X-Xm-fp-I-fn¬ CSw-]n-Sn-t°-≠-Xp-X-s∂-bm-hpw.

AXn-ep-]cn am[y-a-߃ AXns‚ `mK-ambn\n∂v hm¿Ø-Iƒ ssIImcyw sNøp-tºm-gmWv hyXykvX hne-bn-cp-Ø-en\v Xs∂ CS-\¬Ip-∂-Xv. BtLm-j-ß-ƒ°v s]men-a-tb-‰p∂ am[y-a-߃, Ct∏mgpw \S-am-Sp∂ A‘-hn-izm-k-ß-sfbpw BtLm-j-Øns‚ ad ]‰n \S-°p∂ `‡n-\m-S-I-ß-sfbpw I≠n-s√∂v \Sn-°p-∂-XmWv A]-I-S-I-cw.

BtLm-j-am-Ip∂ _en-X¿∏Ww sslμh BNm-c-ß-fnepw hnizm-k-ß-fnepw henb am‰-߃ hs∂-¶nepw h¿[n-X -ho-cy-tØmsS Xncn-sI-sb-Øp∂ H∂mWv a¨a-d-™p-t]mb ]nXr-°ƒ°p≈ _en-X¿∏-Ww. Bflm-°fpw ]tc-Xm-flm-°fpw kaq-l-Øn-\n-S-bn¬ C∂pw kPo-h-amb N¿® \ne-\n¬°p∂ H∂m-Wv. bp‡n-hm-Zn-Ifpw `uXn-I-hm-Zn-Ifpw ]tcXm-flm-°-fpsS kmwK-XysØ tNmZyw-sN-øp-∂p-sh-¶nepw hnizmk-_-‘n-X-amb Hcp- k-aq-l-Øn¬\n∂v CXns\ C√m-Xm-°m≥

ss\-an-im-c-Wyw--

kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws119

km[n-®n-´n-√. am[y-a-ß-fm-Is´, XnI®pw hy‡n-]-chpw IpSpw-_߃°p-≈n¬ BN-cn-°p-∂-Xp-amb CØ-cw- N-S-ß-fp-Isf kaqlw GI-a\ - t- msS Htc Znhkw BN-cn-°p∂ H∂mbn hcp-Øn-Øo¿°m\p≈ {ia-ß-fmWv \S-Øn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. ap≥\nc am[y-a-߃ t{]m’m-ln-∏n® Cu ]mXbv°v ]n∂m-se-bm-Wv, Bƒ°q´w tNcpsa-∂-Xn-\m¬ ]n∂mse t]mIp-∂-Xn\mWv sNdp-InS am[y-a-ßfpw hnizm-k-[m-cbv°v ]pd-Øp-\n-ev°p∂ cmjv{So-b-\n-e-hmcw Db¿Øn∏n-Sn-°p∂ ]{X-ßfpw sNøp-∂Xv. ]nXr- X ¿∏W \mƒ Bep- h m- X o- c Øpw h¿°e ]m]- \ m- i ØnepwXs∂ {im≤-aq-´-W-sa∂ \ne-bn-te°v HØp-tN-c-ens‚ kmaq-ln-I-a-\x-imkv{Xw D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-bmWv am[y-a-߃ sNøp-∂-Xv. hen-sbmcp Bƒ°q´w CXm-Nm-cn-°p-tºmƒ AXv hm¿Ø-b-√m-Xm-Ip-∂sX-ß-s\-b∂mWv am[y-a-߃ Db¿Øp∂ tNmZyw. "Bbn-c-߃ ]tc-Xm-flm-°ƒ°v {im≤-aq-´n' F-∂-Xn¬Ihn™v Hcp-hm¿Ø-bp-an-√mØ B kw`hw dnt∏m¿´p sNøm\pw am[y-a-߃ \o°n-sh-°p∂ ÿehpw AXn-\p-]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ `mjbpw CØcw BNm-c-ß-tfm-Sp≈ ap≥\n-c- am-[y-a-ß-fpsS kao]\w Fs¥∂v hy‡-am-°p-∂p. A∂p-\-S-°p∂ bYm¿Y hm¿Øtb-°mƒ {]m[m\yw ]e-t∏mgpw ]{X-ß-fpsS H∂mw-t]-Pp-I-fn]nXr-X¿∏Ww \S-Øp∂ hm¿Øbv°pw Nn{X-Øn-\p-am-Ip-∂Xv kaql-a-\- ns\ CXn-s\m∏w \n¿Øp-I-sb-∂Xpw AXp-sIm-≠p≈ t\´w kz¥-am-°p-Ibpw sNøpI F∂-e£yw sIm≠p-am-{X-am-Wv. {im≤-aq´n "kmbq-Py-a-S-bmØ' Hcp-]-{Xhpw _en-X¿∏-W-∏n-t‰∂v tIc-f-Øn-en-d-ßn-s√-∂-XmWv h¿Ø-am-\-bm-Ym¿∞yw.

BƒssZ-h-ßfpsS Pnlz 2006se \nb-ak - `m sXc-s™-Sp-∏n¬ Pbn-®p-Ib - d - nb Dtajv N≈nbn¬ io\m-cm-b-W-Kp-cp-hns‚ \ma-Øn¬ kXy-{]-Xn⁄ sNbvXXv Hcp {]tXyI hm¿Ø-sb∂Xn-\-∏pdw Kuc-h-amb H∂mbn am[y-a߃ IW-°p-Iq-´n-bn-cp-∂n-√. F∂m¬, kXy-{]-Xn⁄ sNbvX coXns°-Xnsc \¬Inb l¿Pn-bn¬ 2012¬ kp{]nw tImSXn Nne kp{][m\ ]cm-a¿i-߃ \S-Øn. BƒssZ-h-ß-fpsS t]cn¬ kXy-{]Xn⁄ ]mSn-s√-∂m-bn-cp∂p kp{]nw tImS-Xn-bpsS \nco-£-Ww. AXm-bXv ssZh-\m-a-Øn¬ kXy-{]-Xn⁄ sNøm-sa-∂-√msX

- fpws 120 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

ssZh-Øns‚ t]cp-hn-fn-®p≈ kXy-{]-Xn-⁄ ]mSn-s√∂v kp{]nw tImSXn hy‡-am-°n. t]cp-hn-fn-®p≈ tZh-∑m¿ IqSp-Xe - p-≈Xv lnμphn-izm-k-{]-Im-c-am-Wv. hnjvWp, inh≥, {_“mhv F∂n-ßs\ \ofp∂p B \nc. Aß-s\-bp≈ t]cp-hnfn t]mepw ]mSn-s√-∂mWv kp{]nw tImSXn {]mY-an-I-ambn Xs∂ hne-bn-cp-Øn-b-Xv. hnjvWp\m-a-Øn¬ kXy-{]-Xn⁄ sNbvXp F∂v ]d-b-cpXv, ssZh-\m-aØn¬ F∂pam-{Xta BImhq F∂¿∞w. am{X-a√, {io\m-cm-bW Kpcp AØ-c-Øn-semcp ssZh-\m-aw BtWm F∂pw tImSXn Bcm™p. BƒssZ-h-ßsf ssZh-ambn Iev]n-°m-\m-hn-s√∂ i‡amb {]kvXm-h-am-bn-cp∂p kp{]nw tImS-Xn-bn¬\n∂v D≠m-b-Xv. BcmWv ssZh-sa∂v \n›-bn-°m≥ tImS-Xn°pw km[n-°mØ kml-Nc - y-Øn¬ kp{]ow-tIm-SX - n-bpsS Cu ]cm-a¿iw F°m-eØpw kwhm-Z-߃°v CS-\¬Ip∂ H∂m-bn-am-dntb-°mw. \mcm-b-W-Kp-cp-hns\ BƒssZ-h-ambn tIc-f-Ønse am[y-a-߃ IW-°m-°n-bn-´n-√. "Kpcp' hns\ "tZh'-\m-°m-\p≈ t_m[-]q¿h{i-a-߃ ]nevIm-e-Øp-≠m-sb-¶nepw {io\m-cm-b-Wo-bsc√mw Xs∂ \mcm-b-WKpcp-hns\ \thm-∞m-\-\m-b-I-s\-∂ \ne-bnX-s∂-bmWv IW-°m-°p-∂-Xv. F∂m¬, `‡n-hyh-km-b-Øns‚ km[y-X-Iƒ ^e-{]-Z-ambn D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Ønb BƒssZ-h-߃ B[p-\n-I- Im-e-ØmWv IqSp-X¬ Db¿∂p-h-∂-sX-∂-XmWv {it≤bw. t\csØ, kmaq-lnI Nn¥-I-fn-te°v Im‰pw shfn-®hpw IS°mØ Ime-Øv, km[m-c-W-°m-cpsS A⁄X apX-se-SpØv a{¥hm-Zn-Ifpw BƒssZ-h-ßfpw tPymXn-jn-Ifpw H‰-s∏´ \ne-bnkz¥w "{]`m-h-ebw' Xo¿Øncp-∂p. \thm-∞m\ apt∂-‰-Øns‚ i‡n-{]-hm-l-Øn¬ CØcw BƒssZ-h-ß-fpsS {]`-b-‰p-t]m-hpIbpw sNbvXp. CXn¬\n∂v `n∂-am-bmWv B[p-\nI bpK-Øn¬ BƒssZ-h-ßfpsS ]pXnb DZ-bw. \nKq-V-X-bmWv BƒssZ-h-ß-fpsS ASn-Ø-d.

AXv hnP-b-I-c-ambn \S-Øp-∂-Xn\v XnI™ {]^-j-W¬ kao-]\-ap≈ A\p-N-c-hr-μhpw BƒssZ-h-߃°v Np‰p-ap-≠v. tIc-fØn¬am-{X-a-√, C¥y-bn¬Xs∂ hnP-bn® BƒssZ-h-߃s°√mw ]nd-In¬ CØ-c-samcp kwLSn-Xhpw Bkq-{Xn-X-hp-amb {ia-߃ Ds≠∂v ImWmw.

ss\-an-im-c-Wyw--

kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws121

BƒssZ-h-ßsf Ipdn-®p≈ bmYm¿Yy-߃ Adn-™n´pw `‡nhy-h-km-b-Øns‚ `mK-ambn AXv ad-®p-sh-°p-∂-Xn\pw BƒssZh-߃°v t{]m’m-l\w \¬Ip-∂-Xn-\p-amWv am[y-a-ßfpw {i≤sIm-Sp-Ø-Xv. CXn¬ G‰hpw henb DZm-l-cWw kmbn-_m-_tbmSv am[y-a-߃ kzoI-cn® kao-]-\-am-Wv. B{‘-bn¬am-{X-a-√, tIc-fØnse am[y-a-ßfpw kmbn-_m-_-sb∂ a\p-jy-s‚ ÿm\Øv BƒssZ-hsØ {]Xn-jvTn-°m-\m-bn-cp∂p Xmfp-Iƒ \o°n-sh-®-Xv. as‰-¥n-ep-sa-∂-Xp-t]mse ae-bm-f-a-t\m-c-abpw amXr-`q-anbpw Xs∂bm-bn-cp∂p CXnepw ap∂n¬. kmbn-`-‡nbnse hyh-kmb km[y-X-bmWv Chn-sSbpw am[ya-߃ D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv. Pme-hn-Zy-bpsS BZy-]mTw ]Tn-°pI-t]mepw th≠mØ km[m-c-W-°m-c\v sNøm-hp∂ eLp-Pm-e-hnZy-bn-eqsS "hn`qXn' bpw "kz¿W-tKm-fhpw' kmbn-_m_ ]pd-sØSp-°p∂Xv hkvXp-Xm-]c - a - mbn dnt∏m¿´v sNøm≥ tIc-fØ - nse am[ya-߃ Xøm-dm-bn-´n-√. kmbn-_m-_- "ssZhn-Imw-i-Øn¬' apgp-Inb ae-bmf am[y-a-߃ Pme-hn-Zy-bnse km[m-c-W-°m-cs\ I_-fn∏n-°p-∂-Xv Xpd-∂-p Im-´msX, h¿j-߃ \o≠ CØcw Pme-hn-Zybn- e qsS kzcq- ] n® kzØnepw AXp- h gn \S- Ø p∂ ImcpWy {]h¿Ø-\ß - f - n-ep-am-bn-cp∂p Du∂¬ \evIn-bX - v. _n.-_n.kn. Dƒ∏sS-bp≈ am[y-a-߃ Zriy-ß-fpsS klm-b-tØmsS kmbn-_m_ \S-Ønb Pme-hn-Zy-I-fpsS bmYm¿Yyw ]pd-sØ-Øn-®p-sh-¶nepw C¥ybnsebpw tIc-f-Ønse am[y-a-ß-fpsS IÆv kmbn `‡cnepw `‡n-hy-h-km-b-Øn-ep-am-bn-cp-∂p. ssZhn-I-]-cn-thjw kzbw Nm¿Øm--sX\ Poh-Im-cpWy {]h¿Ø-\-߃ \S-Øp∂ hy‡nIfpw kwL-SI - fpw cmPyØv Gsd-bp-s≠-∂X - mWv hkvXp-X. Chsb Xa-kvI-cn-®p-sIm≠m-bn-cp∂p `‡n-hy-h-km-b-Øn\v ]n∂m-se-bp≈ am[y-a-ß-fpsS Hm´w.

BƒssZ-h-߃ tIc-f-Øn\v ]pd-Øpam{Xap≈ {]Xn-`mka-√.

Hcp- ] s£ a‰v kwÿm- \ - t Ø- ° mƒ hn]p- e hpw i‡- h p- a mb BƒssZhw C∂p-≈Xv tIc-f-Øn-em-sW∂v ]d-bmw. Aar-Xm-\-μabn F∂ kp[m-aWn apX¬ \m´n≥]pd-ß-fn¬ Gsd {]ikvXnsbm∂pw t\SmØ sIm®p-sIm®p BƒssZ-h-߃ hsc C∂v k¿hkm-[m-c-W-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p. \thm-∞m-\ aqey-ß-ƒ Db¿Øn-∏n-Sn®v Xe-sb-Sp-t∏msS \n∂ Hcp kaq-l-Øn-emWv a\p-jys‚ hy‡n-]-

- fpws 122 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

c-amb at\m-hy-Y-Iƒ hfhpw sh≈-hp-ambn D]-tbm-Kn®v BƒssZh-߃ Db¿∂p-h-cp-∂-Xv. BƒssZh߃°v Znhy-i-‡n-bn-s√-¶nC{X-tbsd Bfp-Iƒ Fßs\ Ahn-tS°v BI¿jn-°s - ∏-Sp-∂p-sh∂ F∂ tNmZyw H‰ t\m´-Øn¬ bp‡n-`-{Zsa∂v tXm∂n-tb-°mw.

BƒssZ-h-ß-fpsS A\p-N-c-hrμw hna¿i-\-ßsf t\cn-Sp-∂Xpw hnizm-kn-I-fpsS CØcw A\p-`-h-km-£yw- h-®p-sIm-≠m-Wv. GsX¶nepw hn[-Øn-ep≈ at\m-hyY A\p-`-hn-°m-Ø-h¿ Hcp-Im-eØpw Hcp kaq-l-Ønepw D≠m-bn-cn-°p-I-bn-√. Nne¿ AXv kzbw adn-IS-°pw. a‰p-Nn-e¿°v _‘p-°fpw an{X-ßfpw Bizm-k-h-N-\-ta-Ipw. B[p-\nI ImeØv imkv{Xo-b-amb ]T\w \S-Ønb Iu¨kne¿am-cpsS ASpØv {]iv\-߃ Ah-X-cn-∏n®v ]cn-lm-c-am¿K-߃ tXSpw. CsXm∂pw Ah-ew-_n-°m-Ø-h-cmWv Bcm-[m-\m-e-b-ß-fnte°pw BƒssZ-h-ß-fpsS ASp-tØ°pw t]mIp-∂-Xv. am\-knI]ncn-ap-dp°w hcn-™p-ap-dp-°nbXmWv tIc-f-Øns‚ h¿Ø-am-\k - m-aq-lnI ]›m-Øe - w. Bflo-bX - bv°v hf-°q-dp≈ HcpXew AXv krjvSn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. Cu kml-N-cy-ØnemWv G‰hpw ^e-{]-Z-amb hyh-km-b-sa∂ \ne-bn-¬ BƒssZ-h-߃ hf¿∂phn-I-kn-®-Xv. tIc-f-Øns‚ kmaq-ln-Im-h-ÿ-bn-te°v HcpXcw elcn t]mse AXv ]S¿∂p-I-b-dp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Ncn-{X-Im-c≥ sI.F≥ ]Wn-°¿ CXns\ \nco-£n-°p-∂Xv Cß-s\-bmWv: "tIc-f-Ønse a[y-h¿Kw kmwkvIm-cn-Ihpw kmº-Øn-I-hpamb {]Xn-k‘n A\p-`-hn-°p-∂p-≠v. AXv Hm¿Ωn-∏n-°p-∂Xv A¿P‚o- \ - b nse a[y- h ¿K- s Ø- b m- W v . GI- t Ziw F√mhcpsSbpw Xs∂ ]tØm ]Xn-\t©m sIm√sØ hcp-am\w C∂v IS-Øn-em-Wv. hmbv]-I-fn-eq-sS-bmWv tIc-f-Ønse a[yh¿Kw Pohn-°p-∂-Xv. Hcp-]s£ C¥y-bn¬ as‰mcp `mKØpw C√m-Ø-Xn-t\-°mƒ IqSp-X¬ hmbv] Chn-sS-bp-≠v. \ΩpsS PohnX \ne-hmcw Db¿∂p-sh-∂Xv \√-Imcyw Xs∂. ]s£ B \n-e-hmcw Db¿∂Xv Hcp {]Xn-k-‘n-bn-eq-sS-bm-Wv. B {]Xn-k-‘n°v Hcp-]-cn-lmcw F∂ \nebv°v Bflo-b-Xsb kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. tIc-f-Øn¬ hf¿∂p-sIm-≠n-cn°p∂ BƒssZ-h߃ AXns‚ ZrjvSm-¥-am-Wv. BƒssZ-h-

ss\-an-im-c-Wyw--

kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws123

ß-fpsS `‡-cmbn Xo¿∂v Cu {]Xn-k-‘n°v ]cn-lmcw ImWm\mWv tIc-f-Ønse a[y-h¿Kw {ian-°p-∂-Xv. Cßs\ hf-cp∂ BflobX A‘-hn-izm-k-Øn-e-[n-jvTn-X-am-Wv.' ˛sI.-F≥ ]Wn-°¿, ^mjn-k-Øns‚ \mfp-Iƒ Cu Hcp A\pIqe LSIw D]-tbm-Kn-s∏-SpØn hf¿∂p-h-cp∂ BƒssZh tI{μo- I rX `‡n- h yh- k m- b sØ FXn¿°mt\m tNmZyw sNømt\m Bcpw, ]ptcm-K-a\ {]ÿm-\-ßtfm \thm-∞m\-aq-ey-߃ Db¿Øn-∏n-Sn® kwL-S-\-Itfm, am[y-a-ßtfm Xømdm-bn-s√-∂-XmWv bmYm¿Yyw. am{X-a-√, kmbn-_m-_-bpsS tIcf ]Xn- ∏ mbn Db¿∂p- h ∂ Aar- X m- \ - μ - a - b nsb BƒssZ- h - a mbn BtLm-jn-°p-∂-Xnembn-cp∂p amXr-`q-anbpw ae-bmf at\m-c-abpw t]mep≈ {]apJ ]{X- ß ƒ ImWn® AXyp- ’ mlw. Xpd∂v FXn¿t°-≠n-bn-cp∂ ]ptcm-Ka\-ap-J-Om-b AWn™ ]{X-ß-fmIs´ AXn\v apXn-cmsX XnI™ au\ah-ew-_n-®p.

BƒssZ-h-ß-fpsS {]Nm-c-W-Øn-\p-X-Ip∂ hm¿Ø-Iƒ \¬ImXn- cn-°pI F∂-Xp-am-{ X-am-b n-c p∂p "tZim-` n- a m- \ n' , "am[yaw' t]mep≈ _Z¬ CS-s]-S¬ \S-Øm≥ i‡n-bp-≠m-bn-cp∂ ]{Xßfpw sNbvX-Xv. Cu hn´p-\n¬°¬ BƒssZ-h- hf¿®bv°v HcpX-c-Øn-ep≈ hnLm-Xhpw krjvSn-®n-√. Aar-Xm-\-μ-a-bnsb "AΩ' F∂v A`nkwt_m-[\ sNøp-∂-Xn¬ kmbq-Py-a-S-bp-∂-h-cm-bncn°mw Ah-cpsS `‡-∑m¿. am[y-a-ßfpw AtX kmbqPyw tXSnt]m-Ip-∂-Xv bp‡-nt_m-[-Øn\v \nc-°p-∂-X-√. Aar-Xm-\-μ-a-bn°v Np‰p-ap≈ \nKq-VX - I - f - n-te°v IS-∂p-sN-√m-sX, AXn\v kwc-£Ww Xo¿°p-∂Xv hy‡-amb Xmev]-cy-ß-fpsS ]pd-Øm-sW-∂p-am-{Xw. CXn¬\n∂v amdn Nn¥n-°m≥ tZim-`n-am-\n°v t]mepw km[n-®n-´n√. Aar-Xm-\-μ-abn aT-Øn-s\-Xnsc Db-cp∂ Btcm-]-W-ß-fpsS Imcy-Øn¬ Icp-X-tem-sS-bp≈ AIew {]m]n-°p-∂-XmWv tZim`n-am-\n-bp-sSbpw coXn. kaq-l-Øns‚ D∂-X-t{i-Wn-bn-ep-≈-hsc {_m≥Uv Aw_m-knU¿amsc t]mse ap∂n¬\n¿Øn-bmWv BƒssZ-h-߃ P\-lr-Zb-ß-fn¬ CSw-]n-Sn-°m≥ XpS-ßn-b-Xv. D∂-X-sc ap∂n¬\n¿Ønbm¬ km[m-c-W-°msc Ffp∏w hogvXm-sa∂ Xncn-®-dnhv BƒssZh-ßfpw A\p-N-c-∑mcpw ^e-{]-Z-ambn D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-ØpI-bm-bncp-∂p. CXn\v am[y-a-ß-fpsS ]n¥p-Wbpw Bthmfw e`n-®p. Poh-

- fpws 124 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

Im-cpWy {]h¿Ø\w F¥n-\p-ap≈ ad-bm-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ]Ww PohIm-cp-Wy-Øn-\mbn sNe-hn-Sp-∂p-sh-¶n¬ AXv \√ -]-W-sa∂pw sNe-hn-Sp-∂-h¿ alm-∑m-cp-am-Ip-∂p. Cu ]Ww Fßs\ kwL-Sn∏n-°p-∂p-sh-∂Xv Hcp tNmZyta A√m-Xm-bn. as‰√m {]iv\-ß-fnepw hen-b-tNm-Zy-ßfpw At\z-j-Wm-flIcoXnbpw kzoI-cn-®n-cp∂ aebm-f-am-[y-a-߃ BƒssZ-h-ß-fpsS CØcw [\-t{km-X- p-I-fpsS ]n∂mse t]mb-tX-bn-√. ]Icw `‡n-hy-h-km-b-Øns‚ km[y-XIƒ Chn-sSbpw I≠v BƒssZ-h-ß-fpsS "]n∂mse' t]mhp-I-bmbn-cp-∂p. `mc-Xob bp‡n-hmZn kwL-Øns‚ P\-d¬ sk{I-´-dnbmb {io\n ]´-Øm\w Fgp-Xnb "amXm Aar-Xm-\-μ-abn: Znhy IY-Ifpw bmYm¿∞yhpw' F∂ ]pkvXIw kp[m-a-Wn-bpsS AarXm-\-μ-a-bn-bn-te-°p≈ am‰sØ(-h-f¿®-sb) hna¿i-\-am-fl-I-ambn ]cn-tim-[n-°p-∂X - m-Wv. Cu ]pkvXI - sØ B[m-ca - m°n 2002 HmKÃv Ggnse C¥ym-Sp-sU-bn¬ k°-dnb Fgp-Xnb Ipdn∏v am[y-a-߃ Aar-Xm-\-μ-a-bn-tbmSv kzoI-cn-°p∂ kao-]-\-Øns‚ t\¿Nn-{X-amWv. k°-dnb Fgp-Xp∂p: "D≈nte°v IS-°p-tºmƒ, {io\n-]-´-Øm-\-Øns‚ ]pkvXIw Aar-Xm-\-μ-abn-bpsS Pohn-Xw, ]T-\-߃, Ah-sc-∏-‰n-bp≈ Atcm- ] - W - ß ƒ XpS- ß n- b - h sb ]cntim[n- ° p- ∂ - X mbn ImWmw. Aar-Xm-\-μ-abn F∂ kp[-ma-Wn-sb-∏-‰n, CØ-c°m-cmb ]g-bXpw ]pXn-b-Xp-amb F√m hy‡n-I-sf-bp-sa-∂Xp-t]m-se, \n¿Ωn-°-s∏-´n-´p≈ AXn-i-tbm‡n IY-Iƒ°pw hnkv a - b - ] mcmb- W - ß ƒ°pwA¤p- X - i ‡n ]cn- t h- j ߃°pw ]pd-Øp-\n∂v C¥y≥ ]uc-∑m-cnse bp‡n-hmZn F∂ "¢mkn'¬s]-Sp∂ {io\n ]´-Øm\w hnNn-¥\w sNøp∂-XmWv \mw Cu {KŸ-Øn¬Im-Wp-∂-Xv. ae-bm-f-Ønse "kzX{¥w' F∂v kzbw hnh-cn-°p∂ am[y-a-߃, ]c-kytam-lhpw {]Nm-ct- am-lhpw shdpw \s´-√n-√m-bvabpw \nanØw kzoI-cn-°m≥ hnk-Ω-Xn-°p∂ At\z-j-Wm-flI kao-]-\amWv ]´-Øm\w Xs‚ ]pkvX-I-Øn¬ kzoI-cn-®n-cn-°p-∂Xv' Aar-Xm-\-μ-abntbm-Sp≈ am[ya kao]\w k°-dnb Hcp DZml-cW-ambn Nq≠n-°m-´n-sb-t∂-bp-≈q. tIc-f-Ønse BƒssZ-h-

ss\-an-im-c-Wyw--

kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws125

ß-fn¬ "hepXpw i‡n-tb-dn-bXpw' Aa-r-Xm-\-μ-abn Bb-Xn-\mFfp∏w DZm-l-cn-®p-sh-∂p-am-{Xw. Aar-Xm-\-μ-abnsb IqSmsX a‰v sNdp-InS Bflo-b-hym-]mcw \S-Øn-b-h-scbpw Xpd-∂p-Im-Wn-°m≥ am[y-a-߃ Xøm-dm-bn-√. Aar-X-ssN-X\y F∂ kt¥m-jvam-[hs‚ Bflo-b-hym-]m-c-Ønse I≈-°-fnIƒ ]cm-Xn-bmbn ]pd-Øph-cp-∂-Xp-hsc BƒssZ-h-߃°v hf-cm-\p≈ kzX-{¥-hm¿Øm{]-XeamWv am[y-a-߃ Hcp-°n-s°m-Sp-Ø-Xv.

kt¥mjv am[-h\n¬ kS-Ip-S™v CXn-semcp am‰-ap-≠m-bXv Aar-X-ssN-X\y F∂ kt¥m-jvam[-hs\Xnsc Db¿∂ ]cm-Xn-tbm-sSbm-Wv. F∂m¬, AXpw am[ya-ß-fpsS At\z-jWm-flI ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ anSp-t°m, \ne]m-Sp-If - psS ssÿcytam ImcWw ]pd-Øp-h∂ hm¿Ø-bp-a√ - . adn®v, tcJm-aq-e-ap≈ ]cmXn In´n-b-t∏mgpw AXnt\mSv \ntj-[m-flI kao-]-\-am-bn-cp∂p BZy--L´Øn¬ am[y-a-߃ ]pe¿Øn-b-sX∂mWv hkvXp-X. FUzn≥ skdm-^n≥ F∂ {]hmkn h\nX 2008 sabn¬ s]meo-kn\v \¬Inb ]cm-Xn-tbm-sS-bmWv kt¥m-jvam-[h≥ hm¿Ø-bn¬ CSw ]nSn-®-Xv. Fd-Wm-Ifpw ac-Sn¬ im¥-nXocw F∂ B{iaw \S-Øp∂ Aar-X-ssN-X\y F∂ I´-∏-\-°m-c≥ kt¥m-jvam-[-h≥ 40 e£w cq] X´n-sb-Sp-Øp-sh-∂m-bn-cp∂p F≥Uzn≥sk-dm-^n≥ s]meo-kn\v \¬Inb ]cm-Xn. cmPym-¥-c -X-e-Øn-ep≈ At\z-jW GP≥kn-Iƒ°-S°w \¬Inb ]cm-Xnbpw AXn¬ \-S-Øp∂ At\z-j-Whpw tcJm-aqew \evIn-sb-¶nepw Aar-X-ssN--X\y-bpsS Bflob"ssN-X\y' ØntIc-f-Ønse am[y-a-߃ BZyw ]I-®p-\n¬°p-I-bmWv sNbvXXv. H∂mw \nc-bn-ep≈ ]{X-߃s°√mw ]cm-Xn-bpsS ]I¿∏v e`y-am-sb-¶nepw ]cm-Xn-°m-cn-bpsS hnizm-kyX Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øm-\mhm-sXbpw Aar-X-ssN-X\ybv°v "hnizm-kyX' bpsS B\p-Iqeyw \evInbpw am[y-a-߃ hm¿Ø Xa-kvI-cn-®p. kaq-l-Ønse D∂X-cmb hy‡n-I-fp-ambn Bflo-b-˛dn-b¬-F-tÉv hym]m-c-Øn-eqsS hen-b-_‘w krjvSn-®-Xn-\m¬ Ffp∏w B{I-an-°-s∏-SmØ {]Xntcm[w kt¥m-jvam-[-h≥ BZytaXs∂ krjvSn-®n-cp-h-∂p-sh-∂Xv bmYm¿Yy-am-bn-cp-∂p. Cu {]Xn-tcm[w t`Zn-°m≥ am[y-a-߃ H´pw ss[cyw ImWn-®n-√.

- fpws 126 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

"tIcfi_vZ' amWv Cu then-s°´v s]m´n-®-Xv. H∂mw-\n-c-am[y-a-߃ AK-Wn-®-t∏mƒ sNdp-InS ]{X-ßsf kao-]n® ]cm-Xn°m-cs‚ `mK-Øn\v CSw \¬Im≥ tIcf i_vZw ss[cyw ImWn®p. tIc-f-i-_vZØns‚ hm¿Øsb ]n∂oSv Ah-K-Wn-°m≥ am[ya-߃°mbn√. s]meokv At\z-j-Ww IqSn-bm-b-tXmsS a‰v am[ya-ßfpw kt¥mjv am[-h≥ {]iv\w Gs‰-Sp-Øp. ho≠pw Hgn-™pam-dm≥ hømØ hn[w At∏m-tg°pw kw`-h-ß-fpsS \o≠ \ncXs∂ DS-se-Sp-Øp-I-gn-™n-cp-∂p. hm¿Ø-I-fmbn A®-Sn-®p-h-cp-∂Xn-tesd Imcy-߃ Dulm-t]m-l-ß-fmbn s]mXp-k-aq-l-Øn¬ CgpIn-t®¿∂p. ]n∂oSv am[y-a-߃°v Hcp `qXm-th-i-am-bn-cp-∂p. ssNX\y-an-√mØ kt¥m-jvam-[-hs\ Xpd-∂p-Im-Wn-°p-∂-Xn¬ ap∂nXß-fm-sW∂v hcp-Øn-Xo¿°m-\p≈ {ia-amWv ]n∂oSv am[y-a-߃ \S-Øn-b-Xv. AXn-\mbn s]meokv At\z-j-WØn\v kam-¥-c-ambn kz¥w At\z-j-Whpw s]mSn∏pw sXmßepw h® hm¿Ø-Ifpw hm¿Ø-Isf BtLm-jn-°p∂ ]Xnhv am[y-a-co-Xn-t]mse ]{X-Xmfp-I-fn¬ CSw ]nSn-®p. sk≥tk-j-ssekv sNø-s∏-Sp-tºmƒ hmb-\-°m¿ IqSp-XBI¿jn-°s - ∏-Sp∂p F∂ B[p-\nI am[y-a{- ]-h¿Ø\ coXn Xs∂bm-bn-cp∂p kt¥mjv am[-h-\p-ambn _‘-s∏´ XpS¿hm¿Ø-Iƒ \¬Ip-∂-Xnepw am[y-a-߃ kzoI-cn-®-Xv. adn®v Bflob hym]m-cØn-s\-Xncmb Bflm¿Y-amb Xpd∂ bp≤-ambn AXv ]cn-W-an-®tX-bn-√. kt¥mjv am[-hs‚ kw`-h-߃°v ]n∂mse \m´n≥]pd-ß-fn¬ hnhn[ Xe-ß-fn¬\n∂ BƒssZ-h-߃s°-Xnsc \nch[n ]mcm-Xn-Iƒ Db¿∂p. C{X-tbsd BƒssZ-h-߃ _u≤nIhpw kmwkvIm-cn-I-hp-ambn Db¿∂ tIc-f-Øns‚ kmaq-ln-Im-¥co-£-Øn¬ Ae-´n-√msX Z¿i\w \¬In-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v ]pd-Øp-hcp-∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p ]n∂o-Sp≈ hm¿Ø-Iƒ. am[y-a߃ At\z-jn-®pt]m-Ip-∂-Xn-te-°m-tfsd BƒssZ-h-߃s°-Xn-cmb Hcp s]mXpt_m[w Db-cp-Ibpw Bflo-b-hym-]mcw \S-Øp-∂-hcpsS tI{μ-ßfn-te°v \m´p-Im-cp-sSbpw bphP-\-ß-fp-sSbpw {]Xn-tj-[-߃ Db¿∂p-h-cn-I-bp-amWv D≠m-b-Xv. kt¥mjv am[-hs‚ Imcy-Øn-se-∂-t]mse, kw`-h-ß-fp-≠mb-t∏mƒ AXv dnt∏m¿´v sNøm-Xn-cn-°m≥ am[y-a-߃°v km[n°p-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. am{X-a-√, A∂sØ P\-hn-Imcw Bflob hym]m-

ss\-an-im-c-Wyw--

kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws127

c-Øn-s‚-t]-cn¬ \S-°p∂ I_-fn-∏n-°-en\v FXn-cm-bn-Øo-cp-Ibpw sNbvXp. Xß-fpsS hmb-\m-k-aq-l-Øns‚ Cu s]mXp-hn-Im-c-Øns\m∏w k©-cn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p am[y-a-߃ sNbvX-Xv. kaq-lØn¬ s]mXp-N¿® A{X-ta¬ kPo-h-am-bn. c≠mw \thm-∞m-\-apt∂-‰-Øn-\p≈ Blzm\w hnhn[ tImWp-I-fn¬\n∂v Db¿∂p-h∂p. ]ptcm-K-a\ bph-P\ kwL-S-\-Iƒ Bflo-b-hym-]m-c-Ønse I_-fn-∏n-°-en-s\-Xnsc kmwkvIm-cn-I-Iq-´m-bva kwL-Sn-∏n®v kaql-t_m-[sØ DW¿Øn.

F∂m¬, Hcp-Xcw sshIm-cnI {]I-S-\-Øn-\-∏p-dØv bmYm¿Yyt_m-[-tØmsS Bflo-b-hym-]m-csØ kao-]n-°m≥ ]n∂oSpw am[ya- ß ƒ Xøm- d m- b n- s √- ∂ - X mWv bmYm¿Yyw. kt¥m- j v a m- [ s‚ AdÃpw XpS¿\-S-]-Sn-Ifpw at‰Xv tIknse \nb-a-\-S-]-Sn-{I-a-߃ dnt∏m¿´v sNøp∂ coXn-bn¬ hm¿Ø-I-fn¬ CSw ]nSn-®p. tImSXn \S-]-Sn-Iƒ ]q¿Øn-bm°n kt¥m-jvam-[-hs\ in£n-°p-∂-L-´whsc am[y-a-߃ Cu hm¿Ø-bpsS ]n∂mse t]mbn. kt¥mjvam-[-h≥ Pbn-en¬ B-°-s∏-´-Xn\v tijw, BƒssZ-h˛B-flo-bhym-]m-cß - sf "Xpd-∂p-Im-´m-\p≈' Xmev]cyw am[ya߃°pw C√mXm-hp-I-bm-bn-cp-∂p. Dd°w \Sn® BƒssZ-h-˛-B-flo-b-hym-]m-cn-Iƒ ]pI-]S- ew HSp-ßn-bt- ∏mƒ ]Xp-s°-Xe - s - ]m-°m≥ XpS-ßn-sb-¶nepw am[y-a-߃ Atßm´v Xncn-™p- t\m-°n-b-tX-bn-√. c≠mw \thm∞m-\-Øn\v Blzm\w sNbvX tIc-f-Ønse ]ptcm-K-a-\-{]-ÿm\-ß-fpsS ]pXp-X-e-ap-dbpw At∏m-gp-≠mb Xm¬ImenI hnIm-c-{]I-S-\-Øn-\-∏pdtØ°v {]h¿Ø\ coXnbpw am‰n-bn-√. kt¥m-jvam[-h\pw ]c-¬ao-\p-If - psS KW-Øn¬s]-Sm-hp∂ a‰v BƒssZ-hß - fpw am[y-a-˛-s]m-Xp-k-aql hnNm-c-W-bv°v hnt[-b-am-b-t∏mgpw "{]ÿm\-ambn' amdnb a‰v BƒssZ-h߃ Ah-cpsS {]h¿Ø\w Hcp t]md-ep-ta¬°m-Ø-hn[w apt∂m-´p-sIm-≠p-t]mbn F∂Xv IqSn {it≤b-amb hkvXp-X-bm-Wv.

apkveow \thm-∞m-\hpw Bflo-b-hym-]m-chpw Bflob hym]mcw lnμp-a-X-hn-`m-K-tØmSv am{Xw tN¿∂p≈X√. ]utcm-ln-Xy-tI-{μo-Ir-X-amb apkveow-˛-ss{I-kvXh aX-ÿ¿°nS-bnepw CXv i‡-am-Wv. tIc-f-Ønse s]mXp-\-thm-∞m-\-ap-t∂-‰Øn-s\m∏w Xs∂ apkveow kaqlw Db¿sØ-gp-t∂¬∏ns‚ Ne-

- fpws 128 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

\߃ {]I-Sn-∏n-®n-cp-∂p-sh-¶nepw AXn-thK hnImkw {]m]n-°m≥ apkveow \thm-∞m-\-ap-t∂-‰-Øn\v km[n-®n-cp-∂n-s√∂v ImWmw. AXns‚ ^ew hnZym-`ymk˛sXm-gn¬cw-K-ß-fn¬ ]n∂m°w t]mhpIbpw kv{Xoim-‡o-I-cWw t]mep≈ Imcy-ß-fn¬ \ntj-[m-flI kao-]\w XpS-cp-Ibpw aX-]-c-amb BNm-c-߃ A\p-jvSn-°p-∂Xn¬ Imtem- N n- X - a m- ‰ - ß ƒ Dƒs°m- ≈ msX ]n≥\- S - ° p- I bpw sNbvXp-sh-∂-Xm-Wv. i‡-amb CS-s]-S¬ \S-Øm≥ Ign-bp-am-bn-cp-∂Xv ae-bmf am[ya-߃°m-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬ hn]-Wn-tI-{μo-Ir-X-amb Hcp `bw CØcw {]iv\-ß-fn¬ ss[cy-k-taXw CS-s]-Sp-∂-Xn¬ \n∂v am[ya-߃ kzbw hne-°n-\p≈ Imc-W-am-°n- am-‰n. BƒssZ-h-߃°pw Bflo- b - h ym- ] m- c - Ø n- \ p- s a- X nsc hm¿Ø- I - f psS tImem- l ew krjvSn-°-s∏-´-t∏mgpw apkveow aX-ß-fnse A‘-hn-izm-k-kw_‘nbmb Bflo-b-Nq-j-W-߃ ]pd-Øp-sIm-≠p-h-cp-∂-Xn¬ am[ya-߃ hnap-JX ImWn-°p-I-bmWv sNbvX-Xv. AXn-\¿∞w F√mco-Xn-bn-ep≈ ]ptcm-K-a-\m-i-b-ß-tfmSpw am[y-a-߃ ]pdw-Xn-cn-™psh-∂-√. hnZym-`ym-kw, k¿°m¿tPm-en, kv{Xoim-‡o-I-cWw XpSßnb taJ-e-bn¬ ]ptcm-K-a\m-flI CS-s]-S-ep-Iƒ am[y-a-ß-fpsS `mK-Øp-\n-∂p-≠m-sb-¶nepw Bflo-b-Nq-j-WsØ t\cn-Sp-∂- Imcy-Øn-em-bn-cp∂p kzbw hn´p-\n¬°p∂ {]hWX ImWn®Xv. kap-Zm-bØ - n-\I - sØ A\n-kvem-an-Ia - mb BNmc coXn-Iƒ - s°Xncmb t]mcm-´-am-bn-cp∂p apkveow kpZm-b-Ønse \thm-∞m-\-apt∂-‰Ø - ns‚ BZy-L´- w. hnZym-`ymkw t\Sn-sb-Sp-°m-\p≈ {ia-߃ AXns‚ XpS¿®-bmbn D≠m-bn. J_dnSw Bcm-[-\-bm-bn-cp∂p apkveow- k-aq-l-Øn-\n-S-bnse hnNn-{X-amb BNm-cw. CXv A\n…m-an-I-am-sW∂ hmZ-amWv h°w aue-hn-sb-t]m-ep-≈-h¿ Ign™ \q‰m-≠ns‚ XpS°w apX¬ apt∂m-´p-h-®-Xv. J_¿ Bcm-[-\bpw aJmw Ddq-kp-Ifpw B≠p-t\¿®bpw Ckvemw hnizm-k- [m-c-bpsS GI-XzØns‚ \ntj-[-am-sW∂ hkvXpX ]cs° AwKo-I-cn-°s∏-´-Xm-sW-¶nepw B[p-\nI bpK-Ønepw J_¿ Bcm-[\-bpƒs∏sS-bp≈ NS-ßp-Iƒ \n¿_m[w XpS-cp-I-bm-Wv. Ddp-kp-Iƒ D’-hß-fm-bmWv BtLm-jn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. amºp-dw, ae-∏p-dw, sImt≠m´n t\¿®-Ifpw Xncp-h\ - ¥ - ] - pcw _oam-∏≈n Ddqkpw BtLm-jß - fpsS C\-Øn¬ ap∂n¬ \n¬°p-∂p.

ss\-an-im-c-Wyw--

kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws129

ap≥\nc apJy-[mcm am[y-a-߃ CØcw BNm-c-߃s°m-∏-amsW-∂-XmWv ck-I-cw. sslμ-h, ss{IkvXh aX-ß-fnse Bcm-[\m-eb - ß - f - n¬ \-S° - p∂ NS-ßp-Iƒ°v Xpey-am-bmWv ap≥\nc apJym[mcm am[y-a-ßfpw CXns\ ImWp-∂-Xv. C…m-ense GI-ssZ-h hn-izm-ksØ \nc-kn-°p-∂Xpw H∏w- A-‘-hn-izm-km[n-jvTn-X-hpamb J_dmcm-[\bv°pw Ddq-kp-Iƒ°pw henb hm¿Øm-{]m-[m\yw Cu am[y-a-߃ \¬Ip-∂p. apkveow kap-l-Øns‚ D∂-a-\-Øn-\v Du∂¬sIm-SpØp \ne-sIm-≈p∂ apkveow kap-Zm-b-kw-L-S-\-IfpsS \nb-{¥-W-Øn-ep≈ ]{X-ß-fmWv CXn¬ hn]coX \ne-]mSp-I-ƒ kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xv. Pam-AsØ Ckvem-an-bpsS t\Xr-Xz-Ønep≈ "am[ya' hpw tIcf \Zvh-Øp¬ apPm-ln-±o\ns‚ t\Xr-XzØn-emw-cw-`n® "h¿Ø-am-\hpw' hnizm-k-[m-c-bn¬ A[n-jvTn-X-ambn J_-dm-cm-[-\-sbbpw Ddq-kp-I-sfbpw hna¿i-\m-fl-I-ambn kao-]n°p-∂-h-bm-Wv. F∂m¬, Im¥-]pcw F.]n A_q-_-°¿ apkvenbm-cpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn-ep-ff kp∂n-hn-`m-K-Øns‚ apJ-]-{X-amb "kndmPv' apkveow eoKns‚ apJ-]-{X-amb "N{μnI' F∂nh Ddq-kpI-sfbpw J_-dm-cm-[-\sbbpw t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p∂ kao-]-\-amWv kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xv. hnizm-kn-I-fmb Hcp henb kaq-lsØ F¥n\v Dt]-£n-°Ww F∂-XmWv ap≥\n-c-am-[y-a-߃ C°m-cy-Ønepw kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xv. CXv sslμh BƒssZ-h-ß-fp-sSbpw Bflo-b-t\-Xm-°-fp-sSbpw Imcy-Øn¬ kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xn¬\n∂v `n∂-hp-a-√. apkveow kap-Zmb-Øn¬ i‡amb kzm[o\w sNep-Øm≥ Ign-bp∂ "am[yaw' t]mepw C°m-cy-Øn¬ \S-Øp∂ CS-s]S¬ i‡-am-sW∂v ]dbm≥ Ign-bn-√. Ddq-kp-I-fpsS hm¿Ø-Iƒ \¬Im-Xn-cn-°p-I-tbm, As√-¶n¬ {]m[m\yw Ipd®v \¬Ip-Itbm sNøp-∂-Xn-\-∏pdw Bflob hym]m-c-Øn-s\-Xn-cmb s]mXp-hn-Imcw kaq-l-ØnkrjvSn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-X-Ip∂ CS-s]S¬ \S-Øm≥ am[yaw aSn-Im-Wn°p-I-bm-Wv. "I≠p-\n¬°p-I-b√ CS-s]-Sp-I-bmWv' F∂ am[y-aØns‚ B]vX-hmIyw ChnsS CsX√mw I≠p-\n¬°p-∂p.

F∂m¬, Im¥-]pcw F ]n A_q-_-°¿ apkven-bm¿ "XncptIiw' F∂v t]cn´v apl-ΩZv \_n-bpsS apSn ssIh-i-ap-s≠∂ Ah-Im-i-hmZw D∂-bn-®-t∏m-ƒ am[yaw AXn-s\-Xnsc i‡-ambn \ne- ] m- S p- X - s ∂- s b- S p- Ø p. Xncp- t Iiw C´p- s h® sh≈Øn\v

- fpws 130 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

ZnhyXzw Iev ] n®v \¬Ip∂Xn\pw CXns‚ t]cn¬\- S - Ø p∂ Bflob hym]m-c-Øn-\p-sa-Xn-sc-bm-bn-cp∂p am[y-a-Øns‚ \ne-]mSv. "h¿Ø-am-\hpw' Xncp-tI-i-hn-cp≤ \ne-]mSv kzoI-cn-®p-sh-¶nepw {]Nm-c-Øn¬ ap∂n-ep≈ ae-bmf at\m-c-abpw amXr-`q-anbpw XncptIiw kw_-‘n®v kz¥-amb \ne-]m-sS-Sp-°p-Itbm Im¥-]p-cØns‚ Ah-Im-ih - m-ZØ - ns‚ s]mcpƒ tX-Sp-Itbm sNbvXn--√. ]Icw A\p-Iq-ehpw {]Xn-Iq-e-hp-amb \ne-]m-Sp-Iƒ \¬In "\njv]-£-X'bpsS aqSp-]Sw AWn-bp-I-am-{X-am-bn-cp∂p sNbvX-Xv. Xncp-tI-i-hn-hmZw Db¿∂-t∏mƒ AXn-t\mSv {]Xn-I-cn-°p-∂ Im-cy-Øn¬ tIc-f-Ønse cmjv{Sob˛-kmw-kvIm-cnI t\Xr-Xzhpw `b-∏m-tSm-sS-bp≈ kao-]-\-amWv ssIs°m-≠-Xv. Bflo-b-Im-cyß-fn¬ cmjv{So-b-t\-XrXzw CS-s]-Sp-∂n-s√∂ Hgn-™p-am-d-em-bncp∂p tIm¨{Kkv t\Xr-Xz-Øns‚ kao-]\ - w. AtX-ka - bw, apSnbpw \Jhpw Dƒs∏-S-bp≈ F√m-Im-cy-ßfpw ico-c-am-en-\y-am-sW∂v Nq≠n-°m´n kn]n-sF(-Fw) kwÿm\ sk{I-´dn ]nW-dmbn hnPb≥ ]c-ky-\n-e-]mSv Xncp-tI-i-Øn-s\-Xnsc kzoI-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. a‰v cmjv{Sob hnj-b-ß-fn¬ CØ-csammcp ]c-ky-{]-kvXmh\ h∂m¬, AXn-t∑¬ hen-sbmcp kwhmZkm[yX Is≠-Øpam-bn-cp∂ am[ya߃, ]s£ ]nW-dmbn hnP-bs‚ ]c-ky-{]-kvXmh\ h∂-ti-jhpw "Xncp-tIi' Nqj-W-Øns‚ hkvXp-X-I-fn-te°v IS-°m≥ {ian-®n-cp∂n-√. tIcf apkveow-I-fnse hen-sbmcp hn`mK-amb kp∂n-Isf F¥n\v ]nW-°Ww F∂-XmWv am[y-a-߃ C°m-cy-Øn¬ kzoI-cn® \n w-KX - b - p-sSbpw ASn-ÿm-\w. sslμh Bflo-b-hym-]m-c-Øns‚ km[y-X-Iƒ t]mse Xncp-tIi Bflo-bX-bpsS hym]mc km[y-Xbv°v Xs∂-bmWv ap≥\n-c-am-[y-a-߃ {]mapJyw \¬InbXv. "apko-_Ø - p-Ifpw ssiØm≥_m-[I - fpw' \o°m\pw tcmK-ßfpw £oWßfpw am‰m\pw a{¥n-®q-Xnb Ge- p-I-fpw Dd-p°p-Ifpw Acs°-´nepw ssII-fnepw sI´p-∂Xv C∂pw apkveoßfnse hnizmk-[m-c-bpsS `mK-am-Wv. Ckvem-an¬ ]utcm-ln-Xy-Øn\v ÿm\-ans√-¶nepw a{¥-hm-Zß - fpw Ddp°v˛- G - e - kv hnZy-Ifpw \¬Ip∂ km[yX-Iƒ D]-tbm-K-s∏-SpØn aue-hn-am-cpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn-ep≈ ]ptcmln-X-hrμw i‡n-£-bn-°msX \n¬°p-I-bmWv B[p-\nI kaql-Øn-epw. kn≤-∑m¿ {Kma-ß-fnepw \K-c-ß-fnepw "hnLv\-߃'

ss\-an-im-c-Wyw--

kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws131

\o°p-∂Xv tNmZyw-sN-ø-s∏-SmsX t]mhp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. aXNcy-If - nse a‰p-Im-cy-ßf - nepw kam-\a - mWv am[y-aß - ƒ kzoIcn® coXn. sslμ-hm-Nm-cß - ƒ ]cn-jvIc - n-°p∂ hnj-bß - ƒ Db¿∂ph-∂-t∏mƒ AXv sXmSp-∂Xv hnizm-kn-I-f-S-ßp∂ Hcp-hn-`m-KsØ ]nW-°p-∂-Xn-te°v \bn-°p-sa-∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p am[ya `bw. apkvenwß-fnse Nn´-I-fpsS Imcy-Ønepw CtX kao-]\w Xs∂ am[y-a߃ kzoI-cn-®p. ]≈n-I-fn¬ JpXv_-bpsS `mj GsX∂ Imcyج apkveow kaq-l-Øn-\n-S-bn¬ kwhm-Z-߃ \nc-¥cap≈-XmWv. F√m-h¿°pw a\- n-em-Ip-∂-hn[w JpXp_ ae-bm-f-Øn-em-°W-sa∂pw {]m¿∞-\-bn¬ ]ptcm-ln-X-≥ ]d-bp-∂Xn\v "Bao≥' ]dbp-∂-Xn¬ A¿∞-an-s√-∂p-ap≈ hmZ-߃ kap-Zm-b-Øn-\p-≈n¬\n∂p-Xs∂ i‡-ambn Db¿∂p-h-∂n-´p-≈-Xm-Wv. apkveow kap-Zmb kwL-S-\Iƒ \S-Øp∂ {]kn-≤o-I-c-W-ß-fn¬ CXp-kw-_-‘n® N¿®- I fpw hna¿i- \ - ß fpw Btcm- ] - W - { ]- X ym- t cm- ] - W - ß fpw Db¿∂p-h-cp-∂p-s≠-¶nepw AsXm∂pw ap≥\n-c-am-[y-a-ß-fpsS ]cnK-W-\m-hn-j-bta BIp-∂n-√. aX-N-cy-Iƒ A\p-h¿Øn-°p-∂-Xnse ]cn-jvI-c-W-߃ \n¿tZin-®-XneqsS-bm-bn-cp∂p tNI-∂q¿ auehn sIm√-s∏-Sp-∂-Xv. CXpkw-_-‘n® {Ian-\¬ tIkp-Iƒ°v {]m[m\yw e`n-®p-sh-∂-√-sX, tNI-∂q¿ auehn Db¿Ønb tNmZy-ßfpw apt∂m-´p-h® \n¿tZ-ißfpw Kuc-h-amb s]mXp-N¿®-bmbn CSw-sIm-≈n-°m≥ ap≥\n-cam-[y-a-߃ k∂-≤-cm-bn-s√-∂Xv {]oW-\-]-{X-{]-h¿Ø\w F∂ ]pXnb ssien-bmbn kzoI-cn-®-Xp-sIm-≠p-am-{X-am-Wv. s]mXp-hn-Zym-`ymk cwK-Øp-\n∂pw ]q¿W-ambpw amdn-\n-∂-Xmbn-cp∂p tIc-f-Øn-se, {]tXy-In®v ae-_m-dnse apkveow-I-fpsS ]q¿Δ-Im-ew. Cw•ojv hnZym-`ymkw t\Sp-∂Xpw ae-bmfw ]Tn-°p∂-Xp-t]mepw aX-hn-cp-≤amsW∂ {]Nm-cWw Ign-™-\q-‰m-≠ns‚ XpS-°-Øn-e-S°w aue-hn-amcpw ]ptcm-ln-Xcpw Agn-®p-hn-´n-cp-∂p. kmaq-ln-I- ]n-∂m-°m-h-ÿ-bm-bn-cp∂p CXns‚ {]Xym-Lm-Xw. kzmX-{¥y-e-_v[n-°p-tijw, apkveowkapZmbw cmjv{So-b-i-‡nbmb Db¿∂v Gsd-°-gn-™mWv s]mXp-hn-Zym-`ym-k-Øn-te°v apkveow hn`m-K-Ønse F√m-hcpw FØn-t®-c-W-sa∂ Nn¥ DSse-Sp-ØXv. At∏mgpw s]¨Ip-´n-I-fpsS hnZym-`ymk-Øn\v ap≥KW\ In´n-bn-√. s]¨Ip-´n-I-tfmSpw kv{XoI-tfmSpw aX-bm-Ym-ÿn-

- fpws 132 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

Xn-I¿ ImWn-°p∂ kao-]-\-Øn¬ Ct∏mgpw am‰w h∂n-´n-s√-¶nepw kmaq-lnI ]ptcm-K-Xn-s°m∏w \S-°m≥ hnZym-`ymkw t\Sn-sb-Sp°-W-sa∂ Nn¥m-[m-c-bn-te°v amdm≥ apkveow kap-Zm-b-Ønse hen-sbm-cp-hn-`mKw k∂-≤-am-bn-cn-°p-∂p. kv{XoIƒ s]mXp-cw-K-tØ°p IS-∂p-h-cp-∂-Xn-t\m-Sp≈ \ntj[m-flI \ne-]mSv C∂pw apkveow kap-Zm-b-Øn-\n-S-bn¬ ]q¿Wambpw amdn-bn-´n-√. hnZym-`ymkw t\Sn-sb-Sp-°p-∂-Xn¬ hen-sbmcp apt∂‰w apkveow s]¨Ip-´n-Iƒ \S-Øn-sb-¶nepw AXv ]q¿WtXm-Xn-ep≈ s]mXp-{]-th-i-ambn amdmØ {]tZ-i-߃ Ct∏mgpw tIc-f-Øn-ep-≠v. kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ D∂-a-\amWv am[y-a-ß-fp-sSbpw \ne-]m-sS-¶nepw s]¨Ip-´n-Isf tPmen°v \n¿Øp-∂-Xn¬ ]{Xw XpSßn c≠p-Z-im_vZØntesd "am[yaw' ]{Xhpw Xøm-dm-bn-cp∂n-√. {]I-S-amb kv{Xohn-cp-≤-X {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p am[yahpw sNbvX-Xv. c≠p-Z-im-_vZ-Øn\v tijw kv{XoIsf tPmen-bn{]th-in-∏n-°m≥ am[yaw amt\-Pp-sa‚pw Xøm-dm-bXv, hnZym-`ymkw t\Sn-b-Xn-eqsS apkveow kap-Zm-b-Øn-\p-≈nepw Db¿∂p-h∂ DW¿hns‚ ^ew IqSn-bm-bn-cp-∂p.

Bflo-b-hym]m-c-Øn-s‚bpw aX-N-cy-I-fnse ]cn-jvIm-c-ßfpsSbpw Imcy-Øn¬ ]n¥n-cn-™p-\n-∂p-sh-¶nepw hnZym-`ymk-cwK-sØ-∂-t]mse k¿°m¿ k¿ho-kp-I-fn¬ apkvenw hn`m-K-Øn\v A¿l-amb {]mXn-\n[yw e`n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ kΩ¿Zw sNep-Øp-∂Xn¬ ]{X-߃ henb {]mapJyw \¬In. 19˛mw \q‰m-≠n¬ A[nIm- c - ÿ m- \ - ß - f n¬ A¿ln- ° p∂ {]mXn\n[yw e`n- ° m- \ mbn apkveow AS°-ap≈ CXc ]n∂m-°-hn`mKw \S-Ønb \n¿h¿Ø\- { ]- t £m`Øns‚ XpS¿®bmWv Btd- g p- ] - X n- ‰ m- ≠ n\ptijw k¿°m¿ k¿ho-kp-I-fn¬ \jvS-s∏´ Ah-k-c-߃ hos≠-Sp-°m\mbn ho≠pw DS-se-Sp-ØXv. apkveo-ß-fpsS Ah-kc \jvS-Øns‚ I-W°v shfn-hm-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p PÃnkv \tc-{μ≥ IΩn-j≥ dnt∏m¿´v. Cu dnt∏m¿´v- A-Sn-ÿm-\-am°n \S-]Sn kzoI-cn-°p-∂Xv kw_-‘n®v hen-b-tXm-Xn-ep≈ FXn¿∏p-Iƒ ap∂m° kap-Zm-bß-fn¬\n-∂p-≠m-sb-¶nepw apkveoß-fpsS \jvS-s∏´ Ah-kcw ]p\-ÿm-]n-°p-∂-Xn¬ am[y-a-ß-fpsS `mK-Øp-\n-∂pw Imcy-amb FXn¿∏p-≠m-bn-√. apkveow kap-Zmb kwL-S-\-I-fp-sSbpw cmjv{Sob-]m¿´n-bp-sSbpw DS-a-ÿ-X-bn-ep≈ ]{X-ß-sf√mw \tc-{μ-I-Ωn-

ss\-an-im-c-Wyw--

kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws133

j≥ dnt∏m¿´v ASn-ÿm-\-am°n Ah-Im-i-t∏m-cm-´-Øn-\mbn \nesIm-≠-t∏mƒ, AXv km[m-c-W-°m-cs‚ hnIm-c-am-sW∂v a\- nem-°n- {]t£m-`-Øn\v ]n¥pW \¬Im≥ a‰v ap≥\nc ]{X-ßfpw Xøm-dm-bn.

an{i-hn-hm-l-Øn¬\n∂v euPn-lm-Zn-te°v tIc-f-Ønse kmaq-lnI am‰-Øn¬ an{i-hn-hm-l-߃ hln® ]¶v hfsc hep-Xm-Wv. PmXn hnth-N-\-Øns‚ Zpc-hÿbn¬ Ign™n-cp∂ Iogmf P\-hn-`m-K-߃°v Xe Db¿Øn-∏n-Sn-°m\pw Ahsc CXcPmXn hn`m-K-߃ kzoI-cn-°m\pw XpS-ßn-bXv an{ihn-hm-l-tØm-sS-bm-bn-cp-∂p. ]I¬ t\c-ß-fn¬ PmXo-b-ambn am‰n\n¿Ø-s∏-´p-sh-¶nepw A¥n-a-b-ßn-bm¬ Iogmf hn`m-K-ß-fnse s]¨Ip-´n-Isf \n¿_‘ kw_-‘-Øn\v hnt[-b-am-°p-∂-Xnkh¿W ap∂m° hn`m-K-ß-fnse ]pcpj-∑m¿°v H´pw aSn-bn-√mØ-Xm-bn-cp∂p tIc-f-Øns‚ `qX-Im-ew. AØcw _‘-ß-fn-eqsS ]nd∂ Ip™p-ß-fp-ambn injvS-Po-hnXw \c-I-bm-X\ A\p-`-hn-t°≠n-h-∂-t∏mgpw Xncn-™p-t\m-°m≥ kh¿W ]pcp-j∑m¿ Xøm-dmbn-cp-∂n-√. Cu kmaq-lnI bmYm¿Yy-Øn¬\n-∂mWv an{i-hn-hm-lsa∂ hnπ-hm-flI ]cn-h¿Ø\w 20-˛mw \q‰m-≠ns‚ a[y-tØmsS tIc-f-Øn-ep-≠m-Ip-∂-Xv. PmXob then-s°-´n-\-∏p-dØv kvt\l-Øn\pw {]W-b-Øn\pw ÿm\-ap-s≠∂pw IpSp-_w-Po-hn-XØn-te°v AXv ]I¿ØpI km[yam-sW∂pw an{i-hn-hm-l-Øn-eqsS sXfn-™p. IpSpw-_-ß-fnepw kaql-Ønepw henb tImfn-f-°-ß-fp-≠m-°n-sb-¶nepw an{i-hn-hml-Øns‚ kmaq-lnI {]k‡n IqSns°mt≠bn-cp-∂p. PmXn amdnbp≈ hnhml _‘-ß-tfmSv A\p-`mhw {]I-Sn-∏n-®-h¿ A°mew hfsc A]q¿h-am-bn-cp-∂p. F∂m¬, FXn¿∏p-Isf Ah-K-Wn-®psIm-≠p-Xs∂ PmXn-c-ln-X-amb {]Wbw ae-bm-f-°-c-bn¬ km[mc-W-ambn. CØcw an{i-hn-hm-l-߃ kzmX-{¥y-Øn\v apºv ]{X߃ hm¿Ø-bmbn Xs∂ \¬Ip-Ibpw sNbvXp. B hm¿Ø-Iƒ kmaq-lnI am‰-Øns‚ ktμiw P\-ß-fn-te°v FØn-°m≥ Dt±in-®p-≈-Xp-am-bn-cp-∂p. tIhew PmXobamb AXn¿Øn-°p-≈n{]Wb k¶-ev]-ßsf XS-™p-sh-t°-≠-X-s√∂pw PmXn-th-ens°´v t`Zn-®v IS-∂p-h-cm≥ {]W-bn-\n-Isf t{]m’m-ln-∏n-®-Xp-am-

- fpws 134 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

bn-cp∂p AØcw hm¿Ø-Iƒ. bmYm-ÿn-Xn-I-Xz-Øns‚ Iºfw am‰mØ ]e IpSpw_ _‘-ßfpw C°m-c-W-Øm¬ inYn-e-am-sb¶nepw an{i-hn-hmlw krjvSn® kmaq-lnI am‰sØ Ah-K-Wn-°m\m-hn-√. kzmX-{¥ym-\-¥c \ho\ tIc-f-Øn¬ an{i-hn-hmlw F∂Xv henb A¤p-Xtam AXn-km-l-knI kmaq-lnI hnπ-htam A√mXm- b n. AsXmcp km[m- c W {]{In- b bpw AXp- s Im- ≠ p- X s∂ hm¿Ø-I-f-√m-Xm-hp-∂-Xp-am-bn. hy‡n-kzm-X{¥yw A{X-ta¬ hn]pehpw s]mXp-k-aqlw AXns\ AwKo-I-cn-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp. PmXnbpw aXhpw amdn-bp≈ hnhm-l-߃ Nne IpSpw-_-ß-fpsS kzmÿyw \jvS-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠m-Im-sa-¶nepw an{in-hn-hm-l-Øn\v Gd-°psd Hcp s]mXpkzoIm-cyX e`n-®p.

Cu kmaq-ln-I-km-l-N-cy-Øn-t∑-ep≈ It√-dm-bn-cp∂p "eu PnlmZv' F∂ am[ya"Is≠-ج'. sslμh ^mkn-Ãp-Iƒ _m_dn akvPn-Zv XI¿Ø-Xn\v tij-ap≈ C¥y-bn¬, Xm≥ Xo{hhm-Zn-b-s√∂v kzbw ÿm]n-t°≠ _m[yX C¥y-bnse apkveow kap-Zm-bmw-K-ß-fn¬ ASn-t®-ev]n-®-Xns‚ XpS¿®-bm-bn-cp∂p eu Pnlm-Zv. apkveow Xo{h-hmZ kwL-S-\-bnse {]h¿ØI¿ {]Wbw \Sn®v a‰p-a-X-ÿcpambn hnhml _‘-Øn-te¿s∏-Sp-∂psh∂pw CXv Xo{h-hm-Z-Øn-te°v Bfp-Isf FØn-°m-\p≈ kwL-SnX {iaamsW-∂pam-bn-cp∂p 2009-˛10 ImeØv tIc-f-Øn¬ Db¿∂p-h∂ Btcm-]-Ww. Hcp-Im-eØv tIc-f-Øns‚ \thm-∞m\ ]cn-h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ ap≥\n-cb - n-ep-≠m-hp-Ibpw PmXn-˛a - X - h - n-th-N\ - ß - sf FXn¿°p-Ibpw an{i-hn-hm-lsØ hnπ-hm-flI ]cn-h¿Ø-\-ambn t{]m’m-ln-∏n°pbpw sNbvX "tIcf IuapZn' bmbn-cp∂p "euPn-lmZv' F∂ Btcm-]-W-Øns‚ BZy-sh-Sn-ap-g-°n-b-Xv. Xo{h-hm-Z-hn-cp-≤-Xbv°pw tZi-kvt\-l-Øn\pw ]Ø-c-am-‰ns‚ hm¿Øm-aqeyw Iev]n® a‰v apJy-[mc am[y-aß - fpw CXv G‰p-]n-Sn-®p. ae-bmf at\m-ca - bpw amXr`q-anbpw euPn-lm-Zns‚ ]n∂mse t]mbn. s]meokv At\z-j-Ww h∂p. Xo{h-hm-Z-h-f¿®sb {]Xn-tcm-[n-°m-\p≈ AXoh tZikvt\l {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fmWv \S-Øp-∂-sX∂ Bflm-`n-am-\-tØmsS-bm-bn-cp∂p euPn-lmZv hm¿Ø-Isf apJy-[mcm am[y-aß - ƒ kao]n-®-Xv.

ss\-an-im-c-Wyw--

kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws135

apkveow-˛-lnμp IpSpw-_-ß-fn-ep-≈-h¿ \S-Ønb hnhm-l-Øns‚ IW-°p-Is - f-SpØv euPn-lm-Zns‚ "Xo{hX' G‰n-s°m-≠n-cp∂p ]{X߃. s]meokv At\z-jW-Øn\pw Ah-cpsS Is≠-Øe - n\pw ap∂nem-bn-cp∂p am[y-a-߃. hkvXp-Iƒ°v ]Icw s]mSn-∏pw -sXm-ßep-ap≈ hmN-I-ß-fp-ambn AXv kaq-l-Øns‚ kzmÿyw sISpØp∂ coXn-bn-te°v hf¿∂p-hn-I-kn-®p. hyXykvX aX-ÿ-cm-bh¿ kwkm-cn-°p-∂Xpw {]W-b-_-≤-cm-Ip-∂Xpw kwi-b-Zr-jvSntbmsS t\m°-W-sa∂ hn]-coX-t_m[w kaq-l-a-\- n¬ ASnt®¬∏n-°p-∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p am[y-a-ß-fpsS CS-s]S¬. B¿.-F-kv.-Fkv, F≥.-F-kv.-F-kv, Fkv.-F≥.-Un.]n XpS-ßnb sslμh cmjv{Sob-˛-km-ap-Zm-bnI kwL-S-\-Iƒ euPn-lmZv G‰p-]n-Sn-®p. ItØmen°m k`bpw euPn-lm-Zn-s\-Xnsc ap∂-dn-bn-∏p-ambn cwK-sØØn. am[y-a-߃ apt∂m-´p-sh® kw`-h-ß-fpsS ]n∂mse t]mb s]meo-kn\v, Is≠-Ø-ep-Isf km[q-I-cn-°m-\p≈ sXfn-hp-I-fpsS sNdnb I®n-t]mepw In´n-bn-√. AtXmsS tImS-Xn-bn¬, euPn-lmZv shdpw s]m≈-°-Y- am-{Xam-sW∂v shfn-hm-°-s∏-´p. {ItaW euPnlmZv F∂ Is≠-Ø-ens‚ ap\-sbm-Sn-bp-Ibpw sNbvXp. tIkv \S-Øn-∏n-\n-S-bn¬ tImSXn \S-Ønb ]cm-a¿i-߃ t]mepw XßfpsS BZy-hm¿Øbv°v km[q-I-cWw \¬Ip-∂-hn[w sX‰mbn hymJym- \ n- ° p- ∂ - X n¬ am[y- a - ß ƒ Aan- X m- t hiw ImWn- ® p.

F∂m¬, am[y-a- I-s≠-Ø-en¬ Ig-ºn-s√∂v tImSXn BXy-¥n-Iambn ]d-™-tXmsS ssI IgpIn ]n∑m-dp-I-bm-bn-cp∂p Cu am[ya-ß-sf√mw sNbvX-Xv. kmap-Zm-bnI kulm¿±w XI¿°p∂ hn[-Øn¬ kwi-b-hnØpIƒ]mIn hm¿Ø-Iƒ \evInb am[y-a-߃ ]s£, sNbvXXv sXs‰∂v sXfn-™-tijw AtX-‰p-]-d-bp-∂Xn¬ as‰√mImcyØnepsa∂-t]mse ]Xnhv Aew-`mhw XpS¿∂p. kaq-lsØ `n∂n∏ns‚ Xe-Øn-te°v Db¿Øn-b-Xn¬ Hcp Ip‰-t_m-[hpw am[y-a߃°p-≠m-bn-√.

Xncp-Ø-s∏-tS≠ {]h-W-X-Iƒ Ae-ka - m-bn-°n-S° - p∂ Hcp kaq-lØ - n-te°v Zqjn-Xk - z-`m-hß - ƒ \pg-™p-I-b-dp-∂Xv kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv. kmaq-ln-I-hn-Im-k-Øns‚

- fpws 136 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

Ncn{Xw CXv ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂p. \thm-∞m-\m-im-b-߃ Hcm-fn¬\nt∂m Hcp {]tXyI kμ¿`-Øntem Dcp-Øn-cn-™p -h-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂n-√. h¿j-ß-fmbn a\p-jy≥ A\p-h¿Øn® ioe-ß-fnse bp‡n-cmlnXyw Xncn-®dn™--h¿ kzbw Db¿ØnbXpw kaq-l-Øns‚ ap∂nte°v Fdn-™p-sIm-Sp-Ø-Xp-amb tNmZy-ß-fmWv ]cn-h¿Ø-\-Øn\v ASn-ÿm-\-Im-c-W-am-b-Xv. A\p-`h -bm-Ym¿YyØn¬\n-∂p≈ am‰ambn CXns\ Ncn{Xw tcJ-s∏-Sp-Øn. am‰w {ia-I-c-am-bn-cp-∂p. kaql-Øn¬ B[n-]Xyw Dd-∏n-®n-cp∂ bmYm-ÿnXnINn¥-Isf C√mXm-°m≥ \S-Øp∂ DZy-aß - sf kmaq-ly-LS- \ - b - psS D]cn-Xe - Ø - nCcn-∏p-d-∏n® hn`mKw F°m-ehpw XS-bn-Sm≥ {ian-®n-´p-≠v. G‰p-ap´ens‚ Cu Ncn{Xw Xs∂-bmWv tIc-f-Ønse \thm-∞m-\-ap-t∂-‰Øn-\p-ap-≠m-b-Xv. AXn-¬ hy‡-amb \ne-]m-Sp-ambn apt∂m-´p-t]mbn-cp∂ am[y-a-߃ ]n¬°m-eØv ka-c-k-s∏-Sp-I-sb-∂-Xn-te°v \ne-]mSv am‰n-sb-∂-XmWv kzmX-{¥y-e-_v[n°pw am[y-a- ta-J-ebnse hymh-km-bn-I-hn-Im-k-Øn\pw tijw {]I-S-am-hp-∂-Xv. kaq-lsØ ]Tn-°p-I-bmWv am[y-a-߃ sNøp-∂Xv F∂-Xpt]mse kaqlw Adn-bp-∂Xpw ]Tn-°p-∂Xpw am[y-a-ß-fn¬\n-∂pX-s∂-bm-Wv. Cu sImSp-°¬ hmß-ep-Isf sX‰mbn {]tbm-K-hXvIc - n-°p-Ib - mWv ]n¬Im-eØv \thm-∞m-aq-ey-ßf - psS XpS¿® Gs‰Sp-°p∂ Imcy-Øn¬ ae-bm-fa - m-[y-aß - ƒ \¬Inb kw`m-h\ - . CXn]p\¿hn-N-n¥\Øn\v {]k-‡n-bp-s≠∂v t]mepw aqe-[-\-Xmev]cyw ta¬ss° t\Snb B[p-\nI am[y-ak - w-kvIm-cØ - n-ep-s≠∂v tXm∂p-∂n-√. hn]-Wn-bp-‡n-sb kmam-\y-h-XvI-cn®v h-f¿®-bpsS cmk-h-f-am-°p-I-bmWv B[p-\n-I-am-[ya hyh-km-bw. ]{Xm-[n-]¿ ]{X-Øns‚ apJ-ambncp∂ Imew AkvXa - n-®X - p-t]mse, thdn´ Nn¥Isf {]I-Sn-∏n-°msX F√mw Dƒt®¿∂ kaq-l-Øns‚ bYm¿∞ {]Xn-^-e\-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ kzbw {]Xn-jvTn-°m-\mhpw am[y-a-߃ XpS¿∂pw {ian-°p-I. ]ptcm-Ka-\hpw ]n¥n-cn-∏\pamb Bi-b-ßsf Htc \pI-Øn¬ sI´n hf¿®-bnte°v Nph-Sp-sh-°p∂XmWv ]pXnb-Im-esØ am[ya ssh`-hw.

A[ymbw 5

hnizm-kß - f- psS hn]-Wn B[p-\nI hnI-knX kaq-l-Øns‚ Ne-\-߃ tI{μo-I-cn-®n-cn°p-∂Xv hn]-Wnsb B{i-bn-®m-Wv. hn]Wn \n›bn-°p∂ KXnbn-eqsS k©-cn-°p-∂Xv kaq-l-Øns‚ kzm`m-hn-I- co-Xn-bmbn amdnbn- c n- ° p- ∂ p. hy‡n Pohn- X - Ø nepw kaq- l - Ø ns‚ kz`mhw ]p\¿\n¿W-bn-°p∂Xnepw hn]WnbpsS kzm[o\w A{X-tØmfw hep-Xm-Wv. `mj, thjw, kwkvIm-cw F∂n-ßs\ X\Xv kzXz-ßfn¬ hy‡nXzw Is≠-Øn-bn-cp∂ `n∂kaq-l-ß-ƒ A{]-Xy-£-amIp∂p F∂-XmWv hn]Wn \nb-{¥nX ]pXnbIme-Øns‚ ]cnWm-aw. hn]-Wn-bpsS Cu km[y-Xsb ^e-{]-Z-ambn D]-tbm-K-s∏Sp-Øn-bXmWv B[p-\nI apX-em-fn-Ø-Øns‚ hnP-bhpw. am[ya taJe hymh-km-bnI hXvI-c-W-Øn-te°v \oßp-Ibpw ]{X-ßfpw Hcp "DXv]∂'ambn cq]m-¥-c-s∏-Sp-IbpwsNbvX ]pXnb ImeØv hn]-Wn-bpsS km[y-X-Isf Fßs\ {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øm-sa-∂Xmbn B[p- \ nI am[y- a - h o£Ww. hrØm- ¥ - ] - { X- { ]- h ¿Ø- \ Øn¬\n∂v aqe-[-\-tI-{μo-IrX ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\-Øn-te-°p≈ am‰ambncp-∂p AXns‚ ^ew. am[y-a-ßsf kw_-‘n®v hn]Wn at‰Xv tIm¿∏-td‰v ÿm]-\ß-sfbpw DXv]-∂-ß-sfbpw t]mse-b-√. Htc kabw Cc´ km[yX-Iƒ e`n-°p-∂p-sh-∂-XmWv am[y-a-߃°p≈ A]q¿h t\´w.

H∂v kz¥w DXv]∂w hn¬°msa-∂-Xm-Wv. c≠m-a-tØXv DXv]-∂Ønse CSw hn¬°m-sa-∂-Xm-Wv. CXn¬ BZy-tØ-Xmb DXv]∂w hn‰-gn-°p-∂-Xn\v F√m aqe-[\ i‡n-Ifpw sNøp-∂-Xp-t]mse hn]Wn-bn¬ G‰hpw kzoIm-cy-amb tNcph DXv]-∂-Øn\v \¬Ip-Isb∂ X{¥w Xs∂ am[y-a-ßfpw kzoI-cn-°p-∂p-. ae-bmf at\mca FUn‰- d m- b n- c p∂ sI.Fw amXyp ]d™ P\m- ` n- e mj]{X- { ]h¿Ø\w Cu hn]Wn Xm¬]cyw ap≥\n¿Øn- b p- ≈ - X m- W v .

DXv]∂w G‰hpw \√ coXn-bn¬ hn‰p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xn-\mbn DXv]-∂Øns‚ ck-°q-´nse tNcp-h-Iƒ P\-ß-fpsS A`n-cp-Nn-°-\p-k-cn®v am‰p-I-sb-∂-XmWv {]Ya X{¥w. Bh-iy-°m-c\v AYhm hmb\°m-c\v F¥mtWm th≠Xv AXv \¬Ip-∂p. km[m-c-W a\p-

- fpws 138 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

jys‚ hnIm-c-ß-sfbpw Xm¬]-cy-ß-sfbpamWv AXn\v am\-Z-fiam-°p-∂-Xv. P\-Øn\v C∂Xv thWw F∂v \n›-bn-°p-Ibpw AX\p-k-cn®v hn`-h-߃ \¬Ip-Ibpw sNøp∂ coXn. AhnsS hm¿ØbpsS aqey-Øn\√ P\m-`n-em-j-Øn-\mWv ap≥K-W-\. P\-{]nb ]{X{]-h¿Ø-\hpw hkvXp-\njvT ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\hpw hyXy-kvX-amsW∂ [mcW C√m-sXb-√, ]Icw hkvXp-\n-jvT-bm-Ym¿Yy-ßsf-°mƒ P\-{]n-b-X kzoI-cn-®mte DXv]∂w hn‰p-t]m-hp-I-bp≈q F∂ hn]Wn-bnse kmam-\y -XXzw ]men-°p-I-bmWv am[ya߃. hm¿Øbpw A`n-{]m-b-ßfpw Xß-fpsS DXv]∂w hn‰-gn-°p-∂-Xn\v hnLm-X-am-Ip-sa∂v ImWp-tºmƒ AXv hne-°-s∏tS≠ hm¿Øbm-bn-Øo-cp-∂p. hm¿Ø \¬Ip-∂-Xn-eqsS ]{X-Øns‚ Hcp hcn°mc-s\ \jvS-s∏-Sp∂ kml-Ncyw ]{X-ap-S-a-Iƒ°v Xmev]-cy-ap≈-X-√. ]Icw hm¿Ø \¬Im-Xn-cn-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS ]pXnb hcn-°mcs\ e`n-°p-Ib - m-sW-¶n¬ DS-aI - f - psS Xmev]cyw AXn-t\m-Sm-WpXm\pw. ssZ\wZn\ hm¿Ø-I-fn¬ ]{X-apS-a-Iƒ t\cn´v CS-s]-Sp∂ coXn ae-bmf ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\-Øn-ep-s≠∂v ]d-bm≥ Ign-bn-√. F∂m¬, kao-]-\-Ønse s]mXp-coXn F¥m-bn-cn-°-W-sa∂ ktμiw XßfpsS ÿm]-\-Ønse Poh\°m¿°v \¬Im≥ ]{X-D-S-a-Iƒ°v km[n-°p-∂p-≠v. Cu \n¿tZiw ewLn-®p-sImt≠m, \b-]-c-amb Xocp-am-\-߃°v hn]-co-X-amtbm Bb hm¿Ø-Iƒ \¬Im≥ dnt∏m¿´¿am¿ Xp\n-bm-dn-√. \pg-™p-Ib - d - n-hc - p∂ AØcw dnt∏m¿´pIsf kqjv-a-\n-co-£Ww \S-Øm≥]‰p∂ i‡-amb FUn-t‰m-dnb¬hn`mKw C∂v ap≥\nc ae-bmf ]{X-߃°p-≠v. hmb-\-°mcs\ Xr]vXn-s∏-Sp-Øp∂ coXn-bn¬ hm¿Ø-Iƒ \¬Ip-∂-Xn-te°v Nne- k-μ¿`-ß-fn-se√mw t_m[-]q¿h-amb Xocp-am-\-sa-Sp-°p-∂Xv ]{X-Øns‚ {]Nm-c- hn-Im-k-Øn-\p≈ am[ya DS-a-I-fpsS Xmev]cyw FUn-t‰m-dn-b¬ hn`mKw \S-Øn-s°m-Sp-°p∂p F∂-Xp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂-bm-Wv. AXp-sIm-≠mWv, icn-b-s√∂pw A[m¿an-I-sa∂pw tXm∂p-∂-Im-cy-߃ t]mepw hmb-\m-`n-cpNn IW-°m°n ]{X-Ømfp-I-fn¬ CSw-]n-Sn-°p-∂-Xv. hm¿Ø-bpsS ap≥K-W\ \¬Ip-∂Xn¬t]mepw CXv {]I-S-amhpw, hm¿ØbpsS \n¿h-N-\-Øn¬s]SmØ kwK-Xn-Iƒt]mepw hmb-\-°msc BI¿jn-°p-sa-∂-Xn-\mH∂mw-t]-Pn¬ CSw ]nSn-°p-∂Xv CXp-sIm-≠m-Wv.

ss\-an-im-c-Wyw--

kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws139

Cw•ojv am[y-a-ß-fmWv C°mcyw hfsc ^e-{]-Z-ambn {]tbmK-Øn¬h-cp-Øn-b-h¿. tKmkn-∏p-Iƒ \nd®v ImX-en-√m-Ø -hm-b-\bpsS ]pXnb kwkvImcw cq]-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xn¬ {_n´ojv SmtªmbvUp-Iƒ Hcp-]p-Xnb hnπhw Xs∂-bmWv Xo¿Ø-Xv. hm¿Ømaqeyw \n¿W-bn-°p-∂-Xn¬ Smtªm-bvUp-I-fpsS ]n∂mse t]mbns√-¶nepw Ah¿ \¬Ip∂ hm¿Ø-Iƒ sNdn-b-tXm-Xn-se-¶nepw Fhn- s S- s b- ¶ nepw Dƒs∏- S p- t Ø≠ hn[w "t]m∏p- e ¿ \yqkv dnt∏m¿´n-Mp-'I-fn-te°v temIsØ {]apJ ap≥\nc Cw•ojv am[ya-߃°pw Xß-fpsS \ne-]m-Sp-Iƒ amt‰-≠n-h-∂p. C¥y-bnepw Cu {]h-W-X A\p-I-cn-°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂p Cw•ojv am[y-a-߃sNbvX-Xv. ]{X-Øns‚ apJw ]{Xm-[n-]-cm-bn-cp∂ \ne-bn¬\n∂v amdn amt\-P¿am¿ {][m-\-ÿm-\-ß-fn-te°v hcp-∂Xv hn]-Wnkm[y-XIsf ]{X-߃ ^e-{]-Z-ambn {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-sb∂ BtemN-\-bpsS `mK-am-Wv. ]{Xm-[n-]¿°v {]k-‡n-bn-√m-Xm-hp-Ibpw F√mhcmepw hmbn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-hn[w hyXy-kvX-tN-cp-h-IfneqsS hn]-Wnkz-`m-hsØ Dƒs°m-≈p-I-sb∂Xnte°v hm¿Ø-bpsS ap≥K-W\ amdp-Ibpw sNbvXp. C¥y≥ am[y-a-cw-KØv hn]-Wn-Xm¬]cyam\-Zfiw {]tbm-KØn¬h-cp-Øn-bXn\pw a‰p-]-{X-߃°v AXn-te°v \otß-≠n-h∂-Xn\pw ImcWw ssSwkv Hm^v C¥ybpsS \S-Øn-∏p-Im-cmb s_∂‰v tImƒam≥ Iº\n kzoI-cn® \ne-]m-Sp-am-‰-am-sW∂v Sn sP Fkv tPm¿Pv Nq≠n-°m-´n-bn-´p-≠v. C¥y-I≠ G‰hpw anI® ]{Xm-[n-]-cm-bn-cp∂ {^m¶v samd-bvk-sW Xcw-XmgvXn s_tIm Iº-\n-bpsS sNb¿am-\m-bn-cp∂ AtimIv Pbn-\ns‚ aI≥ kao¿ Pbn≥ ]{X-Øns‚ kmcYyw Gs‰-Sp-Ø-tXm-sS-bmWv Cu am‰-sa∂v Sn sP Fkv \nco-£n-°p-∂p. ]{X-Øns‚ {]Nmc h¿[-\bv°v kao¿sP-bn≥ ]pXnb ]≤Xn Xs∂ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-I-bp-≠m-bn. kao¿P-bn-\ns‚ ap∂n¬ ]{Xw F∂Xv shdpw DXv]∂w am{X-ambn-cp-∂p. C¥y-bnse am[y-a-cw-KØv Zqchym-]-I-amb {]Xym-Lm-XamWv Cu \bw-am‰w krjvSn-®-sX-∂mWv Sn sP F ns‚ hne-bncp-ج:

"DXv]∂w hn‰v em`w D≠m-°pI F∂ GI C\ Npa-Xe \nd-th-‰m≥ {][m-\-ambpw aq∂v D]m-b-ß-fmWv At±lw

- fpws 140 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

I≠p-]n-Sn-®Xv: hm¿Ø akm-e-h-XvI-cn-°p-I, ]c-kyhpw hm¿Øbpw XΩn-ep≈ AI¬® Ipd-bv°p-Itbm C√m-Xm°p-Itbm sNøp-I, ]ckyw sImSp-°p∂ Iº-\nIfp-ambn kzIm-cy-_‘ - Ø - n-te¿s∏-Sp-I. cmjv{So-bØ - ns‚ AXn-{]kcw Hgn-hm-°m-s\∂ hymtP-\-bmWv kn\n-am-\-Sn-I-fpsS hkv{X-[m-cW - h - pw, {]i-kvXc - psS hncp-∂p-kX - vIm-cß - fpw Im∏n-I-S-I-fnse sIm®p-h¿Ø-am-\hpw dnt∏m¿´¿am-cpsS hnj-bß - f - m-°n-bX - v. t]Pv {Xo, Uw_nMv Uu¨ F-s∂ms°-bp-≈{- ]-tbm-Kß - ƒ Dcp-Øn-cn-™p. hm¿Ø-If - psS XcwXm-gvØn, Fcnhpw ]pfnbpw \nd-®v, \ndhpw a[pchpw Ie¿Øn DXv]∂w hmßm≥ Bfp-Isf t{]cn-∏n-°p∂ Uw_nKv Uu¨ Hcp ^mj-\m-bn. sFiz-cy-dmbn \l-\S\pambn hg-°p-Iq-Sp-∂Xv H∂mw-t]-Pnse NqS-∏-am-bn. a‰p-]{X-ßfpw Cu hgn°v Xncn-bm≥ XpS-ßn-b-t∏mƒ s_tImbpsS kmc-Yn-Iƒ hnP-b{- io-em-fn-Xc - mbn' ˛am[y-a-]-T-\-߃, ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\-Ønse {]h-W-X-Ifpw ]co-£-W-ßfpw P\-{]o-b-hm¿Ø-I-fn-te°pw P\-{]nb ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\-ß-fnte°pw am[y-a-߃ amdn-bsX-ß-s\-sb∂Xn\v Hcp DZm-l-c-W-amWn-Xv. P\-{]obXbpsS ]cn-K-W-\-bn¬ Dƒs∏-tS≠ hnj-b-߃ {]mtZ-in-Ihpw `mjm-]-c-hp-ambn hyXym-k-s∏-´p-sh-∂-√msX B[p\nI am[y-a-cw-KsØ A\m-tcm-Ky-I-c-amb {]h-W-X-bmbn amdn CXv. hmb-\-°m¿°v Xm¬]-cy-ap≈ hnj-b-߃ Is≠-Øp-I-sb-∂Xpw AXn\v {][m\yw e`n-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂-co-Xnbn¬ ae-bm-f- am-[ya-߃ amdn-b-Xns‚ ASn-ÿm\w kao¿ P-bn≥ apt∂m-´p-sh® hn]Wn -]n-Sn-®-S-°p-I-sb∂ hmWn-Py-]-{X-{]-h¿Ø\ coXn Xs∂-bmWv. kmaq-ln-I-hn-Im-ksØ ]n∂m°w hen-°p-∂psh∂v I≠v t\csØ Xnc-kvI-cn-°p-Ibpw FXn¿°p-Ibpw sNbvXn-cp∂ kwKXn-Isf t]mepw, Nne¿ A\p-jvTn-°p-∂p-sh-¶n¬, Nne¿°v CjvSam-sW-¶n¬ AXn-t\mSv F¥n\v apJw Xncn-°-W-sa∂ ]pXnb efn-X-bp‡n Ah-X-cn-∏n®v ae-bmf am[y-a-߃ kzmwio-I-cn-°p∂-Xns‚ Imc-Whpw CXp-X-s∂. `‡nbpw hnizm-khpw A‘-hnizm-khpw B`n-Nm-c-{In-b-Ifpw DXv]∂w hn‰p-t]m-Im-\p≈ D]m-[nbmbn hm¿Ø-bpsS ÿm\Øv Cßs\ CSw ]nSn-°p-∂p. Cu ]{Xw

ss\-an-im-c-Wyw--

kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws141

X߃s°m-∏-am-sW∂ tXm∂¬ CØcw BNm-c-hn-izm-k-߃ ]n¥p-S-cp-∂-h-cn¬ krjvSn-s®-Sp-°-sb-∂-XmWv CXn\mbn Ah-ew_n-°p∂ am¿Kw. cmjv{So-b-]m¿´n-I-fpsS ktΩ-f-\-ßfpw Item’-h-ßfpw BtLm-jn-°s∏Sp-∂Xv C∂sØ Znhkw Ah-cp-tSXmWv F∂ XXz-Øns‚ ASn-ÿm-\-Øn-em-Wv. Cu X{¥w, kmaqlnI \thm-∞m-\sØ ]n∂m°w hen-°p∂ ]n¥n-cn-∏≥ hnizmk-[m-c-I-fpsS Imcy-Ønepw am[y-a-߃ kzoI-cn-°p-∂p. hn]-Wn-bpsS c≠m-asØ km[yX ]{X-Ømfnse CSw hn¬Ip∂-Xn-eq-sS-bm-Wv. hm¿Ø-Iƒ°mbn \o°n-sh® ÿew a‰v ÿm]\-ß-fpsS ]c-ky߃ \¬Im-\mbn \S-Øp∂ hnev]-\. am[y-aÿm-]-\-ß-fpsS {][m\ hcp-am\ t{kmX-kmWv ]c-kyw. ÿm]\-ß-fpsS hf¿®bpw ssZ\wZn\ sNe-hp-Ifpw Cu CSw hnev]-\bn-eqsS Xs∂ Is≠-tØ-≠n-h-cpw. B[p-\nI Pohn-X-Øn¬ ]cky-ßsf Ah-KW - n-°m-\m-hn-√. h¿Ø-am\ ImesØ G‰hpw i‡amb kwth-Z\ D]m-[n-bmWv ]c-kyw. BtKmf ]c-ky-hn-]-WnbpsS aqeyw 1990-Iƒ°v tijw IpXn-°p-I-bm-Wv. hnI-knX hn]Wn-Iƒ ^e-{]-Za - mbn D]-tbm-Kn® Cu hn]-Wt- \m-]m[n C∂v C¥ybnepw G‰hpw anI® Xe-Øn-te°v Db¿∂n-cn-°p-∂p. ssN\bpw C¥y-bp-amWv _lp-cmjv{S Iº-\n-I-fpsSbS°w G‰hw henb ]cky hn]-Wn. hm¿Ø-Ifpw ]c-ky-ßfpw XΩn-ep≈ ]c-kv]-c]q-cI _‘-Øn-eq-sS-bmWv B[p-\nI am[ya hyh-km-b-Øns‚ \ne-\n-ev]p-Xs∂. th¿s]-Sp-Øn-bm¬ AXn-Po-h\w Akm-[y-amIp∂ _‘w.

BtKmf ]cky hn]Wn hnI-kn-°p-∂-Xn\v apºv Xs∂ aebmf ]{X-ß-fnepw ]c-ky-߃°v {]m[m\yw e`n-®n-cp-∂p. Itºmf-Øns‚ hnIm-k-\-Øn-\p-k-cn®v ]ckyw \¬Ip∂ ÿm]-\-ßfpsS FÆhpw ]ckyØns‚ tXmXpw IqSn-sb-∂p-am-{Xw. hm¿ØIsfbpw ]c-ky-ß-sfbpw Gßs\bmWv Htc-k-abw _‘-ß-fn-√msXbpw G‰-ap-´-sem-gn-hm-°nbpw kao-]n-°p-I-sb-∂Xv am[y-a-ÿm]-\-ß-fn¬ \nc-¥cw Db-cp∂ tNmZyamWv. AXp-sIm-≠p-Xs∂ henb ]c-ky-Zm-Xm-°ƒ°v £Xw kw`hn-°p∂ hn[-Øn-ep≈ hm¿Øm-km-l-k-Øn\v apJy-[mc am[y-a-߃ an°-hmdpw apXn-cmdn√. am[y-a-ß-fn¬ hcp∂ ]c-ky-߃°v am[y-a-ÿm-]-\-hp-ambn Fs¥-¶nepw _‘-apt≠m F∂ tNmZyw s]mXp-k-aq-l-Øn¬

- fpws 142 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

kzm`m-hn-I-am-Wv. kz¥w ]{X-Øn¬ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p∂ Hcp ]cky-Øns‚ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-Øn¬\n∂v Hcp am[y-a-ÿm-]-\-Øn\pw Hgn-™p-am- dm≥ Ign-bp-∂X - √ - . DØ-ch - m-Zn-Øß - ƒ Gs‰-Sp-°m≥ IgnbmØ ]c-ky-߃ Hgn-hm-°p∂ ]Xnhv am[y-aß - ƒ Ct∏mgpw kzoIcn-®p-h-cp-∂p-ap≠v. ]c-ky-ß-fpsS DØ-c-hm-ZnØw ]c-ky-Zm-Xm-hn\v am{X-a-√, AXv {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°p∂ am[y-a-߃°p-ap-≈-Xm-sW∂Xn-\m-emWv Cu ap≥I-cp-X¬. s]mXp-k-aq-l-Øn¬ hnizm-k-yXbm¿Pn® Hcp ]{X-Øn¬ ]ckyw hcp-Øm≥ Ign-bp-∂-Xn-eqsS Xß-fpsS DXv]-∂-߃°v As√-¶n¬ apt∂m-´p-sh-°p∂ Bi-bØn\v IqSpX¬ B[n-Im-cn-IX \¬Im≥ Ign-bp-sa-∂-XmWv ]cky-Zm-Xm-°-fpsS hnizm-k-hpw. ]c-ky-hn-]-Wn-bnse km[y-X-Isf F√mA¿∞-Ønepw D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-I-sb-∂-XmWv B[p-\nI am[y-a-cw-KsØ kao-]\w. {]Jym-]nX e£y-ß-fn¬\n∂v `n∂-amb-Xm-bm¬t]mepw Ah ]c-kyßfmbn \evIp-∂-Xn\v am[y-a߃°v aSn-bn--√. hcp-am\ t{kmX-s ∂ \ne-bn¬ AXn\v ]c-amh[n t{]m’m-l\w \evIp-Ibpw sNøp-∂p.

F¥ns‚ ]ckyw sNømw F∂Xv ]{X-D-S-a-I-fpsS hnth-N-\m[n-Im-c-am-Wv. B[p-\nI ImeØv ]{X-ß-fpsS \ne-\nev]v Xs∂ ]c-ky-h-cp-am-\-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´p InSn-°p-∂p. ]{X-ß-fpsS DXv]mZ\ sNe-hnepw Ipd™ \nc-°n¬ hmb-\-°m¿°v Ah e`y-am-Ip∂Xv ]c-ky-ß-fn-eqsS e`n-°p∂ hcp-am-\w-sIm-≠m-sW-∂Xv hnkvacn-°m-hp-∂-X-√. F∂m¬, DS-a-I-fpsS Xmev]cyw AXn-\-∏pdw emt`—-bn-te°v IS-°p-tºmƒ ]c-ky-߃ kzoI-cn-°p-∂-Xn\p≈ hmXnep-Ifpw Xpd-∂n-Sp-I-sb-∂-Xmbn amdp-∂p. F¥pw ]c-ky-ambn amdmw F∂ hn]-Wn-bnse km[y-X-Iƒ Xs∂-bmWv \thm-∞m-\-aq-eyßsf C√m-Xm-°p∂ DXv]-∂-ß-fpw kwK-Xn-Ifpw ]c-ky-ambn h¿Ø-am\ ]{X-Øn¬ CSw-]n-Sn-°m\pw hgn-sbm-cp-°p-∂-Xv. tIc-f-Ønse \thm-∞m\ ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\-hp-ambn _‘-s∏´pw ]c-ky-߃°v henb {]m[m-\y-ap-≠v. ]c-ky-߃°p≈ CSsØ \thm-∞m\ aqey-߃°mbn ^e-{]-Z-ambn hn\n-tbm-Kn® ]{Xßfpw Imehpap≠mbn-cp-∂p. B[p-\nI hn]-Wn-tI-{μo-IrX am[ya cwKw CXns\ Xe-Io-gmbv {]Xn-jvTn-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. kzmX-{¥yØn\v apºv kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\ apt∂-‰-Øns‚ {]mcw` Zi-apX¬ kPo-h-ambn \n∂ Imew-hsc A∂v Cu e£y-Øn-\mbn

ss\-an-im-c-Wyw--

kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws143

\ne- s Im≠ ae- b mf ]{X- ß ƒ ]cky߃°v \¬Ip∂ CSsØbpw \thm-∞m\ ImgvN-∏m-Sn-te°v \bn-°m-\mWv {ian-®n-cp∂-Xv. A‘-hn-izm-k-ßfpw A\m-Nm-cßfpw t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p∂ ]c-ky-߃ CØcw ]{X-ß-fpsS Xmfp-I-fn¬ CSw-]n-Sn-®n-cp-∂n-√.

AtX-k-abw A‘-hn-izm-khpw A\m-Nm-chpw Zqco-I-cn-°p-∂-Xns‚ `mK-am-bp≈ ]c-ky-߃°v \evIp-Ibpw sNbvXp. ]{X-߃°v ]cky-h-cp-am\w \ma-am-{X-t]mepw C√mØIme-ØmWv hnth-I-]q¿Wamb Cu Xocp-am\w Nne ae-bmf ]{X-߃ kzoI-cn-®n-cp-∂-Xv. ssh°w kXym-{Klw \S∂ ImeØv AXv hnP-bn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\m-h-iy-amb \nc-¥c hm¿Ø-Iƒ \evInb ]{X-amWv "ka-Z¿in'. ]{X-Øns‚ t]Pp-Iƒ ]q¿W-ambpw kXym-{Kl hm¿Ø-Iƒ°pam-{X-ambn \o°n-sh-°m≥ ka-Z¿in Xøm-dm-bn-cp-∂p. 1924 Pqsse aq∂n\v ka-Z¿in-bn¬ "Hcp At]£' F∂ Xe-s°-t´msS h∂ Hcp ]ckyw Cß-s\-bmWv: ssh°w kXym{Kl ^≠n-te°v Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-c-Øp-\n∂pw {]Xn-amkw 100 cq]-sb-¶nepw ]ncn-®p-sIm-Sp-t°≠ `mcw Fs∂ IΩn‰n°m¿ Gev]n-®n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. [¿Ω kac hnPbtØ Imw£n-°p∂ F√ tZi-`-‡-∑mcpw Ah-cm¬ Ignbp∂ [\-k-lmbw sNbvXp \ΩpsS Xmeq-°ns‚ Bflm-`nam-\sØ c£n-°p-sa∂v Rm≥ hniz-kn-°p-∂p. Xcm≥ km[n°p∂ XpI Hmtcm-cp-Øcpw aWn-tbm¿U-dmbn F\n°v Ab®p-X-cn-Itbm a‰p-hn-[-Øn¬ Fs‚ ]pØ≥N-¥-bn-ep-≈ B∏okn¬ FØn-°tbm sNø-W-sa-∂-t]-£n-°p-∂p. kw`m-h\ sNøp- ∂ - h - c psS t]¿ hnhcw A∏- t ∏mƒ ka- Z ¿in- b n{]kn≤w sNøp-∂-Xm-Wv. F∂v, sI Pn Ip™n-Ir-jvW-]n-≈, _nF _nF¬, h°o¬, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw A‘-hn-izm-kß - fpw A\m-Nm-cß - fpw \m´p\S∏mbn XpS-cp-Ibpw Ahbv°v {]Nmcw \evIp-∂-hn[w ]c-ky-ßfpw hm¿Ø-Ifpw a‰v {]kn-≤o-I-c-W-߃ \evIpIbpw sNøp∂ L´-Øn-emWv ka-Z¿in hyXykvX \ne-]mSv kzoI-cn-®-Xv. tkmt±-iy-tØm-sS-bp≈ Cu ]cky-Øn-\v, A∂v ssh°w kXym-{K-l-Øns‚ `mK-ambn \ne-bp-d∏n® ka-Z¿in, XpI-hm-ßn-bn-cpt∂m F∂v \n›-ba - n-√. kaZ¿insb t]mep≈ ]{X-߃ Cßs\ hyXykvX \ne-]mSv kzoI-cn-®-t∏mƒ

- fpws 144 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

a‰v {]kn-≤o-Ic - W - ß - f - n¬ A‘-hn-izmkw t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°p∂ ]cky-߃ km[m-c-W-am-bn-cp-∂p. A¤pX kn≤n ]I-cp∂ am{¥nI Ge p-Ifpw ajn-t\m´w t]mep≈ Imcy-ßfpw A∂v km[m-cW P\-Øns‚ hnizm-k-X-e-ß-fn¬ cqV-aq-e-am-bn-cp∂ ImeØv CXv NqjWw sNøp-∂-Xn-\p≈ ]c-ky-߃ ]{X-ß-fn¬ [mcmfw {]Xy£-s∏-´p.

CØcw hnizm-k-߃ A‘-hn-izm-k-sa∂v t_m[y-ap≈ ]pXnb ImeØpw apJy-[mc ]{X-߃ hnizm-ksØ NqjWw sNbvXp≈ ]c-ky-߃ \evIp-∂Xv \n¿Øn-bn-´n-√. kzmX-{¥y-Øn\v apºv kmaqlnI \thm-∞m-\-Øns‚ ap≥\n-c-bn-ep-≠m-bn-cp∂ "amXr-`qan' bpw {]Nm-c-Øn¬ G‰hpw ap∂n¬\n-evIp∂ "ae-bmf at\m-ca' bpw ¢mkn-ss^Uv t]Pp-I-fn¬ CØ-c-samcp ]ckyw \evImØ Hcp Znhkw t]mepw IS-∂p-t]m-In-√. am{¥nI Ge- p-I-fn¬ hnizmkw Iev]n-°p∂ Hcp kaqlw Ct∏m-gp-ap-s≠∂pw Ah¿°p-th-≠n-bmWv Cu ]c-ky-ß-sf-∂p-amWv CØcw ]c-ky-߃ \evIp∂ ]{X-ßfpsS Ct∏m-gsØ \ne-]m-Sv. hnizm-k-an-√m-Ø-hsc Cu ]c-ky-߃ H´pw kzm[o-\n-°n-√t√m F∂ bp‡nbpw Cu ]c-ky-߃ \evIp∂-Xn-\p≈ \ymb-hm-Z-ß-fmbn \nc-Øp-∂p. imkv{X Nn¥-Ifpw kmt¶-XnI hnZybpw s]mXp-t_m-[hpw Db¿∂p-\n-ev°p∂ B[p-\n-I bpKØn¬ apJy-[mcm ]{X-ß-fpsS Xmfp-I-fn¬ ]Xn-hmbn ImWp∂ Nne ]c-ky-߃ t\m°mw: A¤pX kn≤n an\p-´p-Iƒ°Iw F√m-‰n\pw ]cn-lmcw \q‰m-≠p-Iƒ ]g-°-ap≈ {KŸ-Øn¬\n∂pw Xøm-dm-°p∂ Ge v [cn-®m¬ \nß-fpsS GXv {]iv\-߃°pw DS≥ ]cnlm-cw. alm-e£van tPymXn-jm-e-bw, am¶m-hv, tImgn-t°m-Sv˛7 i‡n-Iq-Snb aZ-\-Im-ta-izcn am{¥nI Gekv Z£n-Wbpw Nnehpw IqSn Npcp-ßnb XpIbv°v \evIp-∂p. tZhm-ebw (t^m¨ \º¿) ajn-t\m´w kPohv ]Wn-°¿ Xe-ap-d-I-fmbv ssIamdn h∂ ]mc-ºcy kn≤nbpw Ipe-sXm-

ss\-an-im-c-Wyw--

kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws145

gn-epw. \nß-fpsS tZmj ZpcnX XS- -߃ ajn-t\m-´-ØneqsS Adn™v Ifcn [¿a-ssZh D]m-k\ aq¿Øn-I-fpsS A\p-{K-l-Øm¬ ]cn-l-cn-°p-∂p. PmXn-aX t`Z-at\y hnfn®p hcnI (t^m¨) ambm-tam-ln\n am{¥nI Ge v Cu Gekv hf-sc-tbsd A¤p-X-i‡n \nd-™-Xm-Wv. CXv [cn-°p-∂-h¿°v hf-sc-b-[nIw BI¿jW i‡n-bp-≠m-Ipw. Ch-cpsS B⁄m-i‡ - n-°p-ap-≥]n¬ F¥pw ASßn \nevIpw. Ipd™ Z£nW sNe-hn¬ Xøm¿ sNbvXp \evIpw. I\-I[mcm Ipt_c tkhm aTw, sIm√-t¶m-Sv, 678506(t^m¨) A¤pX am{¥nI Ge v _nkn-\- v, Imcy-km-≤yw, hnhm-lw, i{Xp-c-£, hkvXp-hnev]\ - , GXm-hi - y-Øn\pw F√m aX-ÿ¿°pw apl-ΩZv apkvenbm¿ Imc-t°m-Sv, Fd-Wm-Ipfw, t^m¨ Imcy-km-[yX ]cn-lmcw hnhm-lw, _nkn-\- v, hkvXp-hn-ev]-\, kmº-Øn-Iw, ZmºXyw, hiyw. F√m {]iv\-߃°pw F√m aX-ÿ¿°pw A_vZpƒk-aZv X߃. ]cn-l-cn-°-s∏-Sm-\m-ImØ Hcp {]iv\hpw am{¥nI Ge- p-Iƒ \¬Ip-∂-h-cpsS ap∂n-en-√. Hcp hnizm-k-Øn-\-∏p-dØv H∂pw CXnen-s√∂v G‰hpw \∂mbn Xncn-®-dn-bp-∂-h¿ Ge- p-Iƒ hnev°p∂-h¿X-s∂-bm-Wv. Ge- p-IƒsIm≠p {]tbmP\w e`n-°p-∂hcpw Ah¿ Xs∂. as‰m-cq-Iq-´¿ ]ckyw \¬Ip∂ am[y-aß - f - pw. am{¥nI Ge- p-I-fpsS Znhy-^-esØ ]cn-l-kn®v kRvP-b≥ "cp{Zm-£-amlmflyw' FgpXn Zi-I-߃°p-ti-jhpw ]{X-Xm-fp-I-fn¬\n∂v Gekv amlm-fly-߃ A{]-Xy-£-am-bn-s√-∂Xv henb Zpc-h-ÿbm-Wv. Gekv amlmflyw \nc-¥cw ]c-ky-ß-fmbn \¬Ip∂ Hcp ]{Xhpw AXns‚ ^e-kn-≤nsb Ipdn®v hkvXp-Xm-]-c-amb Hcp hm¿Ø \¬Im≥ CXp-hsc Xøm-dm-bn-´n-√. B[p-\nI am[ya hyhkm-b- IÆn¬ AXn\v {]k-‡n-bp-an-√.

A‘-hn-izm-kß - f - psS {]Nm-cW - Ø - n¬am-{X-a√ aX-hn-izm-ksØ NqjWw sNbvXp≈ ]c-ky-hn-]Wn Is≠-Øp-∂-Xnepw B[p-\nI

- fpws 146 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

am[ya hyh-kmbw hnP-bn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. ]nXr-X¿∏-Ww t]mep≈ NS-ßp-Iƒ am[y-a-߃°v C∂v BtLm-j-am-Wv. {im≤-Zn\ ]cky-߃ apJy-[mc ]{X-ß-fpsS ÿnc-h-cp-am\ t{kmX- p-I-fm-Wv. Nca Adn-bn-∏mbn BZyw Hcp ]ckyw \¬In-sb-¶n¬ Ah-sc IrXy-ambn Nc-a-hm¿jnIw Hm¿an-∏n-°m≥ {]^-j-W-enkw apJ-ap{Z-bm-°nb apJy-[mc ]{X-߃°v ipjvIm-¥n-tb-sd-bm-Wv. IØb®v {im≤-Zn\w Hm¿an-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-eqsS Hcp XhW IqSn ]ckyw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øm≥ km[n-°p-∂p. F{X- ]-tc-Xm-flm-°-fmWv Hmtcm h¿jhpw Cßs\ ]{X-Xm-fn-eqsS a°fpw IpSpw-_mw-K-ßfpw Xßsf Hm¿°p-∂-Xdn™v Bfl-\n¿hr-XnbS-bp-∂Xv! sslμh hnizm-ksØ B[m-c-am-°n-bp≈ Cu Nqj-W-Øn¬ "amXr-`qan' °p≈ ta¬°-øn¬ Akz-ÿ-cmWv "ae-bmf at\m-ca'. {im≤ ]cky-ß-fnse Cu a’-c-Øn¬ IqSp-X¬ t\´-ap-≠m-°m-\mbn \n-c°p-Iƒ am‰w hcp-Ønbpw a‰v am¿K-ß-fp-]-tbm-Kn®pw IqSp-X¬ Nca-]-c-ky߃ kwL-Sn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ \n¿tZiw FIvkn-Iyq-´o-hpIƒ°v \¬Ip-∂p. Nc-ah - m¿Ø-Iƒ H∂pw \jvSa - m-Ic - p-sX∂v GP‚pam¿°pw teJ-I¿°pw apJy-[mcm ]{X-߃ I¿i\ \n¿tZiw \evIp-∂Xpw Hcmƒ acn® hnhcw ]{X-hm¿Ø-bn-eqsS a‰p-≈-h¿ Adn-bmsX t]mIp-∂-Xnse k¶Sw sIm≠-√, adn®v XpS¿∂p≈ h¿j-ß-fn-se√mw {im≤-]-ckyw Dd-∏p-h-cp-Øm-\p≈ BZy-]Sn-IqSn-bm-Wv. hnizm-ksØ NqjWw sNbvXp-≈- as‰mcp ]c-ky-amWv D±n-jvSIm-cy-Øn\v D]-Imckvac-W-Iƒ. ae-bmf at\m-c-a-bnepw Zo]n-Ibnepw D]-Imckvac-W-Iƒ {]Xy-£-s∏-SmØ Hcp-Zn-\w-t]m-ep-ap-≠mIn-√. D]-Im-c-kva-c-W-Iƒ In´m-Ø-Xns‚ ZpxJ-Øn-emWv a‰p-]-{X߃. Gekv ]c-ky-߃ sIm≠v ]c-ky-Zm-Xm-hn\pw am[y-a߃°pw {]tbm-P\w e`n-°p-∂p-s≠-¶n¬ {im≤-]-c-ky-ß-fpw D]Imckvac-W-I-fpw sIm≠p≈ D]-Imcw am[y-a-߃°p-am-{X-am-Wv. bYm¿∞-Øn¬ D]-Im-c-kva-cW ]ckyw \¬tI-≠Xv hnizm-knIsf NqjWw sNøp∂ CØcw am[y-a-ß-fmWv! hnizm-k-ßsf CΩ-´n¬ NqjWw sNøp∂Xn¬ temI-Øp-Xs∂ ap≥\n-c-bn-emWv ae-bmf am[y-a-߃. apXn¿∂ am[y-a-{]-h¿Ø-I≥ Sn thWp-tKm-]m¬ am[y-a-ßfpsS _nkn-\kv Xmev]cy-sØbpw aqey-Nyp-Xn-sbbpw \nco-£n-°p-∂Xv Cß-s\-bmWv:

ss\-an-im-c-Wyw--

kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws147

"]{X-temIw C∂v Hcp Zqjn-X-ta-J-e-bm-Wv. henb apX¬apS-°ntb C∂v Hcp-]{Xw XpS-ßmt\m hnI-kn-∏n-°mt\m ]‰q. kzm`m-hn-I-ambpw At∏mƒ _nkn-\ v F∂ ImgvN-∏mSv th≠n-hc - p-∂p. _nkn-\ v Bhp-tºmƒ em`w thWw; hnPbw thWw. hnP-bn-®mte IqSp-X¬ em`-Øn\pw IqSp-X¬ hnP-bØn\pw th≠ kzm[o-\-i‡n hf¿Øm≥ ]‰q. At∏mƒ BZ¿i-ß-sfms° Ae-am-dbn¬ AS-®p-]q-´n, hnP-b-Km-Y-Iƒ Nn´-s∏-Sp-Øm-\p≈ X{¥-߃ sa\-tb-≠n-h-cp-∂p. Cu Ifnbn¬ \n¿Æm-b-I-i‡n ]c-ky-ß-fm-Wv. ]{X-Øns‚ \ne\n¬∏n-\p≈ Ah-iy-`u-Xn-I-km-l-Ncyw ]c-ky-ß-fm-W-t√m. ]c-ky-߃ IqSm≥ {]Nmcw IqS-Ww. AXn-\m¬, ]≠v ]m›mXy-\m-Sp-If - n¬ Hcp L´-Øn¬ apdp-Inb {]Nm-cW - b - p-≤Ø - ns‚ apd-Isf _me-eo-eI - f - m-°p∂ X{¥-ssh-`h - ß - ƒ Im´m≥ C∂v \ΩpsS ]{X-߃°v k¿K-`m-h\ D±o-]vX-am-hp-∂p. hmb-\-°m-cpsS A[-a-hn-Im-c-ßsf `mhm-fl-I-ambn {]oWn∏n-°p-Ibpw Ah DØ-a-ß-fm-sW∂v Ahsc t_m[y-s∏-SpØp-Ibpw sNtø-≠Xv _nkn-\ v Bh-iy-am-bn-Øo¿∂n-cn°p-∂p. CXv {]Xy-£-amb a™-∏{X {]h¿Ø-\-am-sW∂p tXm∂n°mXncn-°m≥ _p≤n-am-∑m¿ am\y-X-bpsS hymP-ap-J߃ sI´n \S-°p-∂p. BZ¿i-{]-Xn-_-≤-I-sfms° Ds≠∂v Icp-tX≠ ]{X-߃t]mepw B hgn°v \oßm≥ \n¿_-‘nX-cm-hp-∂p. \ne-\n¬°m≥ ]{X-tem-IØv Igp-Ø-d-∏≥ a’c-am-Wv. C∂v Hcp-]mSp IpSpw-_-߃ Hcp ]{XsØ B{ibn®p Ign-bp-∂p. _m¶p-It- fmSpw a‰p-ap≈ kmº-ØnI _m[yX-Iƒ \nd-th-‰m-\p-≠v. ISw hmßn _m¶p-Isf apSn-°p-∂Xv \ne-\n¬∏ns‚ hgn-b-√. BZ¿i-Øns‚ t]cn¬ F√mw Ipfam°n IpSpw-_-ß-sfbpw ÿm]-\-ß-sfbpw apgp-h≥ sh≈Øn-em-°mtam? AXp-sIm≠v \ne-\nt∂ ]‰q. Pbn-°-Ww. hnPbw Hcp el-cn-bm-Wv. AXv Adn-™p-I-gn-™m¬ IqSpX¬ Pbn-°m≥ t\m°p-∂p. tImSn-Iƒ D≠m-°n-b-h≥ F¥n\mWv ]nt∂bpw ]Xn-∑-Sßp tImSn-Iƒ D≠m-°m≥ IjvSs∏-Sp-∂Xv? CXns‚ k¶o¿W a\-»mkv{Xw km[p-Nn-Ø∑m¿°v a\- n-em-hn-√.' ˛ae-bmf ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ Aº-Xp-h¿jw

- fpws 148 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

BZ¿i-{]-Xn-_-≤X Ae-am-c-bn¬ ]q´p∂-Xp-X-s∂-bmWv apJym[mc ]{X- ß ƒ B[p- \ nI ImeØv kzoI- c n® coXn. P\m- ` nemjØns‚ ]cn-N-Xo¿Øm¬ F¥pw \¬Im-sa∂ \ne-bn-te°v ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\-bp-‡nsb am‰n-sb-gp-Xn-°-gn-™-Xn-\m¬ F√m‰n\pw icn-bp-sSbpw [m¿an-IX - b - p-sSbpw Hcwiw \¬Im≥ Ignbp-∂p. `‡nsbbpw A‘-hn-izm-k-ß-sfbpw ]c-ky-hp-ambn CW-°n-t®¿Øv hcp-am-t\m-]m-[n-bm-°p∂-Xns\ kzbw \ymbo-I-cn-°m≥ am[y-a߃°v Ign-bp-∂Xv Cu hymJym-\-Øns‚ ]›m-Øe -- -Øn-em-Wv. hmWn-Py-Xm-ev]cyw am{X-amWv AhnsS am[y-a-ßsf \bn-°p-∂Xv. `‡n ÿm]-\-h-XvI-cn-°-s∏´ C°m-eØv AXns‚ hn]-Wnaqeyw Is≠-Øp-Ibpw AXns‚ KpW-t`m-‡mhpw Nqj-I-cp-am-hpam≥ am[y-߃°v km[n-®p.

k¶o¿W-amb Cu kmaq-lnI kml-Nc - ysØ AtX-]Sn \ne\n¿Øp-∂X - mWv \ne-hn-ep≈ hn]-Wn-km-[y-Xs - b D]-tbm-Ks - ∏Sp-Øm-\p≈ bYm¿Y A¥-co-£s - a∂ hne-bn-cp-Øe - n-emWv am[ya-ß-sf-∂p-]-d-bmw. kmaq-lnI kml-N-cy-ß-fnse am‰w hm°pI-fn-eqsS {]I-Sn-∏n-°p-sa-¶nepw F√m-hs - cbpw Xr]vXn-s∏-Sp-ØpI-sb∂ s]mXp-X-Xz-a-\pk-cn®v ]n¥n-cn-∏n≥Imcy-ßsf XpS-cm\-\p-h-Zn-°p-I-bmWv am[y-a-߃. s]mXpkaq-l-Øns‚, tImSXn-If - p-tS-Xp-t]m-epw, t_m[-afi e - sØ kzm[o-\n-°m≥ Ign-bpsa∂v sXfn-bn® am[y-aß - f - psS A`n-{]m-b\ - n¿an-Xn-bnse i‡n A‘-hn-izm-k-ßfpw A\m-Nm-c-ßfpw C√m-Xm-°p-∂-Xnepw \thm-∞m-\-apt∂-‰-Øns‚ XpS¿® Gs‰-Sp-°p-∂-Xnepw C√msX-t]m-Ip-∂Xv C°m-cW - Ø - m¬ Xs∂-bm-Wv.

A[ymbw B-dv

Ad-®p-\n¬°p∂ Zriy-am-[y-aß - ƒ hm¿Øm-am-[ya cwKsØ hnπ-hm-flIam‰-am-bn-cp∂p kzImcy Zriy-am-[y-a-ß-fpsS hc-hv. kºq¿W hm¿Øm-Nm-\-ep-I-fpsS hcthmsS tIc-f-Øns‚ hm¿Øm kwkvIm-csØ s]mfn-s®-gp-Xp∂ \ne- ssIh-∂p. ad-®p-sh-°m-s\m-∂p-an-√mØ kml-Ncyw krjvSn°-s∏-´p. hf-®p-sI-´epw hymJym-\-߃°pw CS-\¬Im-Ø-hn[w t{]£-Ic - n-te°v Imcy-߃ t\cn-s´-ØpIsb∂-Xpƒs∏sS hm¿ØIƒ Ah-X-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xnse kpXm-cy-X-bmWv hm¿Øm Nm\-epIƒ krjvSn-®X - v. A®-Sn-am-[y-aß - s - f, {]tXy-In®v ]{X-ßsf ISpØ Bi-¶-bn-te°v X≈n-hn-´-Xm-bn-cp∂p hm¿Øm Nm\-ep-I-fpsS {]thiw. C\n A®-Sn-am-[y-a-߃°v {]k-‡n-bn-s√∂ hmZw hsc Db¿∂p-h-cn-I-bp-≠m-bn. F∂m¬, Imcy-߃ Aß-s\-bm-bn-cp-∂n√. Zriy-am-[y-aß - f - n-eqsS Adn-bp∂ hm¿Ø-Iƒ°-∏p-dt- Ø°v Imcy߃ Adn-bm≥, Bg-Øn¬ a\- n-em-°m≥ F∂n-ßs\ ae-bmfn hmb-\-°m-cs‚ kzm[o\ Xe-ß-fn¬ ]{X-߃°v Ct∏mgpw {]Ya-ÿm\w Xs∂-bp≠v. \thm-∞m\ tIc-f-Øns‚ kmaq-ln-Im-¥-co-£-Øn¬ ]pgp-°pØp-Iƒ hoWpXp-Sß - nb Ime-ØmWv Zriy-am-[y-aß - ƒ tIc-fØ - nkPo-h-am-Ip-∂-Xv. \thm-∞m\ aqey-߃ apdp-sI-]n-Sn-®v hm¿ØbpsS aqey-߃ Db¿Øn-°m-´p-∂-Xn¬ Zriy-am-[y-a-߃°v F¥psN-bvXp-sh∂ eLp-]-cn-tim-[-\-am-{Xta Ct∏mƒ \S-Øm≥ km[n°q. at\m-l-c-ß-fmb Zriy-ßsf BtLm-jn-°p-∂-XmWv Zriy-am[y-a-ß-fpsS coXn. h¿W-∏-In-´p-\¬Ip∂ Zriy-߃°v t{]£-Isc F{X-t\cw thW-sa-¶nepw ]nSn-®p-\n¿Øm≥ Ign-bpw. ImgvN kpJap≈ Hcp A\p-`-h-am-I-W-sa-∂m-{K-ln-°p-∂-h-cm-bn-cn°pw _lp-`qcn-]-£-hpw. ImgvN-bpsS Cu XesØ hm¿Ø-bpsS D≈-S-°-Ønte°v k∂n-th-in-∏n-°p-I-bmWv Nne-L-´-Øn¬ Zriy-am-[y-a-߃ sNøp-∂-Xv. X’-ab hm¿Ø-bpsS Ime-am-Wn-∂v. X’-abw HmSn°m-\m-h-iy-amb hn`-h-ß-fn-s√-¶n¬ D≈-Xns\ s]men-∏n-°p-I-sb∂-XmWv Zriy-am-[y-a-ß-fpsS coXn. AXv Nne-t∏mƒ hm¿Øbv°v e`n-°p∂ ]cn-K-W-\-bpsS Xew Xs∂ amdn-a-dn-bm-dp-ap-≠v. ae-bm-

- fpws 150 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

f-Øn¬ Zriy-am-[y-a-ß-fp-≠m-°nb km∂n-[ysØ tUm. sk_mk-‰y≥t]mƒ hne-bn-cp-Øp-∂Xv t\m°pI: "ae-bmf sSen-hn-j≥ Ncn-{X-Øn\v XpS-°-an-Sp-∂Xv Zqc-Z¿i\m-sW-¶nepw Nm\¬ kwkvIm-cw, ]Øm≠p Ign-s™-Ønb Gjym-s\-‰ns‚ kw`m-h-\-bm-Wv. BtKm-fo-I-c-W-Øns‚ `mKamb kmº-ØnI am‰-߃°p-Xp-S-°-an´ Zi-I-Øns‚ Bcw`-Øn-em-bn-cp∂p Gjym-s\-‰ns‚ P\-\-sa-∂Xv bmZr-—n-I-amsW-¶nepw {it≤-b-am-Wv. tI_nƒ irwJ-e-bn-eqsS tIcfsØ apgp-h≥ he-bn-em-°nb Gjym-s\‰pw XpS¿∂v cwKsØ-Ønb \nc-h[n Nm\-ep-Ifpw tN¿∂v ae-bm-fn-I-fpsS {]m¿∞-\m-\n-cX - a - mb k‘y-Isf i_vZm-ba - m-\a - m-°n. BtKmfo-I-cWw Bh-iy-s∏-Sp∂ kmaq-ln-I-amb H‰-s∏-S-en\v ]cnk-c-sam-cp-°nb Nm\-ep-Iƒ \h-amb P\-{]nb kwkvIm-cØn\v A\p- I q- e - a mb kmaq- l n- I - ] cn- k cw krjv S n- ® p. kmwkvIm-cn-I-amb A[n-\n-th-i-Øn\p Imc-W-am-Ip∂ A`n\n-thiw hf¿Øn-sb-Sp-°p-∂-Xnepw A`n-cp-Nn-Iƒ am‰n-sbSp-°p-∂-Xnepw sSen-hn-j≥ hnP-bn®p' ˛ am[y-a-]-T-\-߃, A[n-\n-th-ihpw am[y-a-ßfpw Zriy-am-[y-a-ß-fpsS henb ]cn-anXn hm¿Øbv°v Dt]m-ev_-eI-amb Zriy-߃ \¬In-bn-s√-¶n¬ AXv ÿm]n-s®-Sp-°mt\m P\ßsf hniz-kn-∏n-°mt\m km[n-°n√ F∂-Xm-Wv. ]e kw`-h-ßfpw AXns‚ Bg-Øn¬ ssIImcyw sNøm≥ Zriy-ß-fpsS A`mhw am{Xw XS- -ambn \n¬°m-dp-s≠∂ hkvXpX ad-°-cp-Xv. F∂m¬, Zriy-ßsf D]-tbmK-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ Ign-bp-∂Xpw Zriy-ßf - n-eq-sS-am{Xw P\-ßsf t_m[y-s∏-Sp-Øm-\m-hp-∂-Xp-ambn \S-]-Sn-I-fn-te°v Zriyam-[y-a-߃ C\nbpw IS-∂p-sN-∂n-´n-√. \thm-∞m-\-aq-ey-ß-sf Gs‰-Sp-°p-∂-Xnepw Zriy-am-[y-a-ßfpsS CS-s]-S¬ F{X-tØm-f-am-sW∂v hne-bn-cp-Øm-\p-≈ ka-bw, XmcX-tay\ Iuamcw ]n∂n-SmØ ae-bmf Zriy-am-[ya taJ-esb kw_‘n®v Bbn-s√∂v ]d-bmw. F¶nepw am[y-a-ß-fpsS Du∂-ep-Iƒ hne-bn-cp-Ø-s∏-Sm-hp-∂-Xp-X-s∂-bm-Wv. Zriy-ß-fmWv Zriy-am-[y-aßsf kº-∂-am-°p-∂X -- v D’-h-ßfpw BtLm-j-ßfpw Zriy-am[y-a-߃ hncp-∂q-´m-\p-≈ BtLm-j-߃ Xs∂-bm-Wv. AXv

ss\-an-im-c-Wyw--

kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws151

ssIImcyw sNøp-∂-Xnse ]Iz-X-bmWv am[y-a-ßsf thdn-´-Xm°p-∂-Xv. ]{X-am-[y-a-ß-ƒ ssIImcyw sNøp∂ hnj-b-߃ Xs∂bmWv Zriy- a m- [ y- a - ß ƒ°pw ssIImcyw sNtø- ≠ n- h - c p- ∂ - X v .

F∂m¬, Zriy-ßf - psS km[y-XI - ƒ hm¿Ø-bpsS {]mapJyw \¬Ip∂-Xn¬ Cu c≠p-am-[y-a-ß-sfbpw thdn-´-Xm-°p-Ibpw sNøp-∂p. i_cnaebnse D’-hhpw B‰p-Im¬ s]m¶m-ebpw Zriy-ß-ƒ \¬Ip∂ angn-hns‚ _e-Øm¬ Zriy-am-[y-a-ß-fpsS hm¿Øm-k-ab-ß-fn¬ henb CSw-Xs∂ t\Sn-sb-Sp-°p∂ H∂m-Wv. AtX-kabw i_-cn-a-e-bnse aI-c-tPym-Xn-bp-ambn _‘-s∏´v DS-se-SpØ hnhm- Z - ß - f psS ]n∂mse t]mbn hkv X p- X Iƒ Zriy- k - l m- b tØmsS {]t£-I-cn-se-Øn-°m≥ F{X-am-[y-a-ßfmWv Xmev]cyw ImWn-®-Xv. ]p√p-taSv Zpc-¥-Øn\v apºv aI-c-tPym-Xn-bpsS Dd-hnSw Is≠-Ønb ssIcfn Nm\¬ hkvXp-XIƒ P\-ß-fn-se-Øn-°m\p≈ icn-bm-b-h-gn-bn-ep-≈ k©mcw \SØn XpS-°-an-Sp-I-bp-≠mbn. F∂m¬, aI-c-tPymXnbnse bmYm¿Yyw t_m[y-amb CtX ssIcfn Xs∂ aI-c-tPymXn Zn\-Øn¬ AXns‚ X’-ab kwt{]j-WØn-eqsS `‡n-bpsS ]mc-ay-Øn-te°v hnizm-kn-k-aq-lsØ sIms≠-Øn-°p-∂Xpw km[m-c-W-am-Wv. aI-c-tPymXn X’-abw \¬Ip-∂-Xn¬ F√m hm¿Øm-Nm-\-epIfpw Htc a’-c-Øn-em-Wv. hnizm-kn-I-fmb Hcp-h-enb kaqlw t{]£-I-cps≠∂Xpw Zriy-ß-fpsS kuμ-cy-hp-amWv aI-c-tPym-XnbpsS X’-a-b-kw-t{]-j-W-Øn\v B[m-c-am-Ip-∂-Xv. tPymXn-bpsS hkvXp-X-Iƒ shfn-hm-°-s∏´ tijhpw ]s£, tPymXn sXfn-bn°p∂ t\c-ap-]-tbm-Kn-°p∂ `mj-bn¬, CXnse hkvXp-X-Iƒ P\ßsf Hm¿Ω-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂-Xnepw hkvXp-Xm-]-c-amb coXn Ah-ew_n-°m≥ Zriy-am-[y-a-߃°v Ign-™n-´n-√. dnt∏m¿´¿am¿ AXns‚ `mK-am-bn-\n∂v \¬Ip∂ X’-ab hnh-c-W-ß-ƒ ]e-t∏mgpw AXnt‚-Xmb ]cn-an-Xn-bn¬ hnI-e-am-°-s∏-Sp-Ibpw sNøpw. Xncp-h-\-¥]p-csØ B‰p-Im¬ s]m¶m-e-sb Hcp km[m-cW D’-h-sa-∂-Xnep-]cn Hcp Zn\w \o≠ Ih-td-Pp-ambn s]men-∏n-®p-b¿Øp-∂-XnZriy-am-[y-a-߃ hln® h¶v hfsc hep-Xm-Wv. -CXp-X-s∂-bmWv ]nXr-X¿∏W Zn\-Ønepw Ac-tß-dp-∂-Xv. F¶nepw hkvXp-Xm-]c - a - mb ]ptcm-Ka - \ CS-s]-Se - p-Iƒ \S-Øm≥ ]e-t∏mgpw Zriy-am-[y-a-ß-fpsS `mK-Øp-\n∂v {iaw \S-∂n-´p-s≠-

- fpws 152 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß

∂-XmWv hkvXp-X. Im¥-]pcw F]n A_q-_-°¿ apkven-bm¿ XncptI-i-hp-ambn cwK-{]-thiw sNbvX-t∏mƒ AXns‚ hkvXp-X-I-ft\z-jn-°p∂-Xn¬ {it≤b CS-s]-S-emWv Zriy-am-[y-a-ß-fpsS `mKØp-\n-∂p-≠m-b-Xv. BƒssZ-h-߃ ]{X-ß-fn¬ BtLm-jn-°-s∏Sp-tºmƒ, ]e-t∏mgpw ]q¿W-ambpw Xnc-kvI-cn-°p-∂-XmWv Zriyam-[y-a-߃ kzoI-cn® coXn. Aar-Xm-\-μ-abnbpw {io{io chn-i¶dpw t]mep≈ BƒssZ-h-ßfpsS kμ¿i-\-߃ Zriy-am-[y-a-ßfn¬ BtLm-jn-°-s∏-SmsX HXp-ßn-t∏m-Ip∂p-sh-∂-XmWv hkvXpX. F∂m¬, ]c-ky-hn-]-WnbpsS kzm[o-\-Øn¬\n∂v amdm≥ hm¿Øm Nm\-ep-Iƒ°pw Ign-™n-´n-√. am{¥nI Ge-kp-IfpsS {]Nm-chpw Bflo-b-hym-]m-chpw Nne Zriy-am-[y-a-ß-fn¬ Ac-a-Wn°q¿ t…m´p-I-fn¬ CSw-]n-Sn-°p-∂p.

Hcp- ] s£, henb CS- s ]- S - e p- I ƒ°pw ]co- £ - W - ß ƒ°pw C\nbpw km[y-X-I-fp-≈-Xm-bn-cn°pw ae-bm-f-Ønse hm¿Øm Nm\ep-I-fpsS hnIm-kw. Hcp-]p-Xnb hm¿Øm kwkvImcw cq]-s∏-SpØn-b- hm¿Øm-Nm-\-ep-Iƒ ]pXn-b-Im-e-Øns‚ kmaq-lnIkmlN-cy-ßsf Fßs\ kao-]n-°p-sa-∂Xv C\nbpw sXfn-bn-°-s∏-tS≠-Xm-Wv. Hcp ImX-ep-an-√mØ hm¿Ø-Iƒ t]mepw {]Xn-Zn\ N¿®IfmIp∂ kml-N-cy-Øn¬ Hcp am‰w AXn-hn-Zp-c-a-√mØ `mhnbn¬Xs∂ kw`-hn-t®-°mw. F√m Nm\-ep-I-fnepw Htc hnj-bØn¬ Htc AXn-Yn-Isf CcpØn \SØp∂ N¿®-Iƒ°v Zo¿LImew td‰nMv ]nSn-®p-\n¿Øm-\m-sb∂v hcn-√. Aßs\ hcp-tºmƒ Kuc-h-amb hnj-b-ßsf Is≠-Ømt\m hm¿ØIƒ \¬Ip-∂Xn¬ ]pXnb coXn-Iƒ ]co-£n-°mt\m Zriy-am-[y-a-ßfpw \n¿_‘n-X-am-tb-°pw.

ss\-an-im-c-Wyw--

kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß - fpws153

klm-bI {KŸßƒ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23

tIcf Ncn{Xw: F {io[-c-ta-t\m≥, Un kn _pIvkv, tIm´bw tIcf Ncn{Xw am¿IvknÃv ho£-W-Øn¬: CFw-Fkv \ºq-Xn-cn-∏m-Sv, Nn¥ ]ªn-tjgvkv Bfl-IY: CFw-Fkv, Nn¥ ]ªn-tjgvkv Pohn-X-k-acw: kn tIi-h≥, Unkn _pIvkv tIm´bw amXr-`q-an-bpsS Ncn{Xw hmeyw H∂v, c≠v, aq∂v: amXr-`qan {]n‚nMv B‚ v ]ªn-jnMv Iº\n tIcf IuapZn Ncn{Xw: s\Sp-¶p∂w tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW≥, tIcf IuapZn tIcf ]{X-{]-h¿Ø\ Ncn{Xw: ]pXp-∏≈n cmL-h≥ kzmX{¥yw kmlnXyw ]{X-{]-h¿Ø\w: kpIp-am-c≥ s]ms‰-°mSv k]vXXn {]kn-≤o-Ic - Ww ]{X-{]-h¿Ø\w `n∂-ap-J-߃: tIcf {]kv A°m-Zan BZy-Ime amkn-I-Iƒ: Pn {]nb-Z¿i-\≥, tIcf kmlnXy A°m-Zan \ncq-]-I-\mb tIkcn: tUm. Sn ]n kpIp-am-c≥, Unkn _pIvkv tIk-cn-bpsS kmlnXy hna¿i-\ß - ƒ: tIkcn F _me-Ir-jW v ] - n-≈, kmlnXy-{]-h¿ØI kl-I-cW kwLw kztZ-im-`n-am\n h°w auehn: tUm. Sn Pam¬ apl-Ω-Zv, {]`mXv _p°v lukv, Xncp-h-\-¥-]pcw sIkn ama≥ am∏n-f: FwsI km\p, tIcf kmlnXy A°mZan tIcf \thm-∞m\w bpK-k-¥-Xn-Iƒ bpK-in-ev]n-Iƒ: ]n tKmhn-μ-∏n-≈, Nn¥ ]ªn-tjgvkv Ac-b≥:tUm. h≈n-°mhv taml≥Zmkv, tIcf kmlnXy A°m-Zan hm°p-Ifpw hkvXp-°fpw : _n cmPo-h≥, Unkn _pIvkv, tIm´bw ^mjn-k-Øns‚ \mfp-Iƒ: tUm. sI F≥ ]Wn-°¿, Henhv hmKv`-Sm-\-μ-Kp-cphpw kmaqlnI \thm-∞m-\hpw: tUm.-Fw- Fkv \mb¿, kmwkvIm-cnI {]kn-≤o-I-cW hIp∏v, tIcfk¿°m¿ am[ya ]T-\-߃: FUn-‰¿ s{]m^. ]∑\ cma-N-{μ≥ \mb¿, Id‚ v _pIvkv kztZ-im-`n-am-\n-bpsS ]{X-{]-h¿Ø\w cmP-hm-gvN-bpsS ZrjvSn-bn¬: ]pXp∏≈n cmL-h≥, tIcf {]kv A°m-Zan tIc-fo-b-Xbpw a‰pw: ]nsI _me-Ir-jvW≥, Unkn _pIvkv ae-bmf ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ Aº-Xp-h¿j-߃: tIcf {]kv A°m-Zan

- fpws 154 kmaq-lnI \thm-∞m-\hpw am[y-aß 24 25 26 27 28

hrØm-¥] - {- X-{]-h¿Ø\w: kztZ-im-`n-am\n sI cma-Ir-jW v ∏ - n-≈, tIcf {]kv A°m-Zan tIk-cn-bpsS apJ-{]-kw-K-߃, tIkcn F _me-Ir-jvW-∏n≈, Unkn _pIvkv tIm´bw ]{Xw Ncn{Xw ]h-\≥: ]h\≥, FUn-‰¿ kPn apf-¥p-cp-Øn, tIcf kmlnXy A°m-Zan am[y-a-ß-fpsS cmjv{Sobw: jmPn tP°_v, Henhv tIf∏Pn:sIhn Ip™n-cm-a≥, tIcf kmlnXy A°m-Za - n, Xriq¿

kmaq-lnI \thm-°m-\hpw am[y-a-§fpw

kmaq-lnI \thm-°m-\hpw am[y-a-§fpw kn.]n. kXy-cmPv

tIc-f-¯nse `qX-Ime kmaq-lnI apt¶-ä-§sfbpw Ahsb Iogvta adn-¡p¶ hÀ¯-am\ bmYmÀYy-§sfbpw am[y-a-§Ä ssIImcyw sNbvX hn[w hnaÀi-\m-ß-Iambn ]cn-tim-[n-¡p¶ ]T-\w. \thm-°m\ tIc-f-¯nsâ ]n³\-S-¯-¯n\v am[y-a-§Ä IpS-]n-Sn-¨-sX-§-s\-sb¶v hni-Z-am-¡p¶ bpàn-`-{Z\nco-£-W-§Ä. `àn-hy-h-km-b-¯nse em`-hnlnXw ]-äm\pÅ am[y-a-§fpsS hgn-hn« k©m-cw hyà-am-¡p¶ {KÙw.

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