Media for press (2) by lakshmi Anandhakrishnan

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tIm∏n-Iƒ°v sk{I-´-dn, tIcf aoUnb A°m-Z-an, Im°-\m-Sv, sIm®n ˛ 682 030 t^m¨ : 0484 2422275, E-mail: mail@pressacademy.org \hw-_¿ 2015

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O. J. George

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Bookshelf

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F≥. ]n. B¿ Students’ Corner

J. V. Vil’anilam

Things to do about the press Indian Women in Journalism Shoma A. Chatterji

25 29

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Editor Sergy Antony Editorial Board E.P. Shajuddeen N. Rajesh P. Sujathan T. R. Madhukumar C. N. Mohanan Design & Layout Chetana Media, Kottayam Printer & Publisher N. P. Santhosh Marketing In Charge Shainus Markose Address ‘Media’ Kerala Media Academy Kakkanad, Kochi – 682 030 Phone: 0484 2422275 Email : kmamedia2015@gmail.com mediamag.kma@gmail.com Website: www.keralamediaacademy.org

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`b-an-√msX Pohn-°pI F∂-XmWv G‰hpw henb kzmX{¥yw. A{]-Imcw Pohn-°m-≥ Ahk-c-an-√msX hcp-tºm-gmWv a\p-jycpw Pohn-Ifpw Akz-ÿ-cm-Ip-∂Xpw A{I-a-Im-cn-I-fm-Ip-∂Xpw. a\p-jy-c-√mØ Pohn-I-sf√mw Ft∏mgpw GsX-¶nep-sam-∂ns\ `oXn-tbmsS ImWp-∂p≠v. AXp ]et∏mgpw kz¥w h¿K-Øn¬s∏-´-h-scbmhn√. a‰v GsX-¶nepw hn`m-K-Øn¬s∏´ Pohn-I-sf-bmhpw Ah `b-°pI. Fen ]q®sbbpw ]mºn\p Iocnsbbp-sam-s°-sb-∂-Xp-t]m-se. F∂m¬ a\p-jys\ kw_-‘n-®n-S-tØmfw a‰p Pohn-Ifn¬\n∂p kzbw {]Xn- t cm- [ n- ° m- \ p≈ ]e AS- h p- I fpw kz¥ambp≠v. a\p-jy≥ G‰hpw IqSp-X¬ `b-s∏-Sp-∂Xp a‰p a\p-jy-sc-Ø-s∂-bmWv. kwkv I m- c - a p≈ kaq- l - Ø n¬ Hmtcm a\pjy\pw a‰p- ≈ - h ¿°v XpW- b mbncn°pw. kzX{¥hpw kam-[m-\-]q¿W-hp-amb PohnX kml-N-cyØn-\mbn {]b-Xv\n-°pI F∂-XmWp a\p-jy-[¿aw. a‰p Pohn-I-fp-sSbpw Poh-Pm-e-ß-sf-√m-‰ns‚bpw kwc- £ - I \pw kq£n- ∏ p- I m- c - \ p- a m- b mWp a\pjys\ Icp-Xp-∂Xv. {]Ir-Xn-sb kwc-£n-°m-\p≈ Npa-Xebpw kaq-l-Øn-\p≠v. kaq-l-Øn\p t{ZmlI-c-amb hn[-Øn¬ F√m cwK-ß-fnepw NqjWw \S- ° p- ∂ p- ≠ v . NqjWw C√mØ kaqlØn¬ kzmX{¥yhpw ka-Xz-hpw D≠m-bn-cn-°pw. kaq-l-Øns‚ A]-N-b-ßfpw kaq-l-Øn\pw hy‡nIƒ°pw t{Zml- I - c - a mb Imcy- ß fpw Nq≠n°m-´m≥ am[y-a-ßƒ°p- IS-a-bp≠v. P\m-[n-

(5) ]Xy kwhn-[m-\-Øn¬ CsXmcp henb DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-ambn amdp∂p. AhnsS P\-X-bpsS kzmX-{¥yhpw kpc-£bpw \oXn-bpw- D-d-∏p-h-cp-Øp∂ \nb-a-\n¿amW-k-`bv°pw `c-W-Iq-S-Øn\pw PpUojy- d n- ° p- s am- ∏ - a mWp am[y- a - ß - f psS ÿm\w. am[y-a-ß-fpsS B {]m[m\yhpw DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-hpw Hm¿an∏n°phm\mWp tZiob am[y-a-Zn\w. Cu h¿jsØ am[y-a-Zn\w ]eXp- s Im≠pw {]m[m- \ y- a ¿ln- ° p∂p. am[y- a - ß ƒs°- X n- t cbpw am[y- a - { ]h¿Ø-I¿s°-Xn-tcbpw henb B{I-aW-ßƒ D≠m-bn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p∂ Imeam-WnXv. CØcw {]Xn-k‘n L´-ßƒ P\m-[n-]Xy C¥y-bn¬ CXn-\p-apºpw D≠m-bn-´p≠v. ASn-b-¥-cm-hÿ-°mew AXns‚ henb DZm-l-c-W-amWv. `cW-L-S-\-bpsS Xs∂ Nne hIp-∏p-Iƒ Db¿Øn-°mń P\-hn-Im-c-ßƒ Aa¿Øn `c- W - I q- S - Ø n\p apt∂m- ´ pt]m- I m- \ mbn. ]t£ P\- h n- [ n- b psS ap∂n¬ B Dcp- ° p- t Im- ´ - I - s fms° XI¿∂p-hoWp. hnhn[ kwÿm-\-ß-fnse `c-Wm[n-Im- c n- I - f pw Xß- f psS CwKn- X ßƒ°p hiw-h-Z-cm-ImØ am[y-a-{]h¿Ø-I¿°v òj-Wn krjvSn-°m-dp-≠v. Xßƒ°v CjvS-s∏-SmØ Im¿´q-WpIƒ {]kn- ≤ o- I - c n- ® - am[y- a - ß - f psS t\tc- t ]mepw `c- W m- [ n- I m- c n- I ƒ tIm]w ]q≠p. Xs∂ Im¿´q-Wn¬\n∂v Hgn-hm-°-cp-Xv F∂v Bh-iy-s∏´ {][m\-a-{¥nbpw \ap-°p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p-sh∂v Cu Ah-k-c-Øn¬ kt¥m-j-tØmsS Hm¿°m-hp-∂-XmWv. F√m-h¿jhpw \hw-_¿ 16 tZiob am[y-a-Zn-\-ambn cmPyw BtLmjn-°p∂p. DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-]q¿W-hp-amb am[y-a-ßƒ F∂-XmWv Cu Zn\-Øns‚ Nn¥m-hn-jbw. cmPyØv {]kv Iu¨kn¬ Hm^v C¥y \ne-hn-¬h∂ Zn\- a m- W Xv . am[y- a - ß ƒ°p am¿K Z¿i\w F∂-Xm-bn-cp∂p {]kv Iu¨kn¬ cq]- h - ¬ I- c - W - Ø ns‚ Dt±iyw. C¥y- b n¬ am[y- a - ß ƒ F°mehpw Bg-Øn-ep≈ kzm[o\w kaq-lØn¬ sNep-Øn-bn-cp∂p. AtX-k-a-bwI- S pØ sh√p- h n- f n- I - s fbpw C¥y≥ am[y-a-ßƒ t\cn-ń-´p≠v. tImf\n `c-

W-Im-eØpw cmP-`-c-W-Ønepw CØcw sh√p-hn-fn-Isf kss[cyw t\cn´ {]K-¤-cmb am[y-a-{]-h¿Ø-I¿ GsdbmWv. kzmX-{¥ym-\-¥-c- C-¥y-bn¬ cmPy-tØmsSm∏w am[y-a-ßfpw hf¿∂p. cmjv{S-\n¿amW-Øn¬ am[y-a-ßƒ \n¿-Wm-b-I-amb kw`-mh-\-IfmWp \¬InbXv. am[y- a - { ]- h ¿Ø- \ - Ø ns‚ D∂- X - a mb aqey- ß ƒ kw-c-£n-°m-\p≈ DØ-c-hm-Zn-Xz-amWp {]kv Iu¨knen¬ \n£n-]vX-am-bn-cn-°p-∂Xv. F∂m¬ \n¿ZnjvS e£yßƒ°-\p-k-cn®p {]h¿Øn-°m≥ {]kv Iu¨kn-en\v Ign-™n-´pt≠m F∂p ktμ-ln-°p-∂-h¿ Ipd-h√. `c-WIq-S-Øns‚ \nb-{¥-W-ap≈ GXp kan-Xn-°pw D≈ ]cnan- X n- I ƒ {]kv Iu¨kn- e n- \ pw D≠v . GXm- b mepw cmPyØv am[y-a-ßƒ i‡n-{]m-]n-°-W-sa-∂Xv P\m-[n]-Xy-Øns‚ hf¿®bv°v AXy-¥m-t]-£n-X-am-Wv. {]kv Iu¨kn¬ C°m- c y- Ø n¬ IqSp- X ¬ DØ- c - h m- Z n- X ztØmsS {]h¿Øn-°-Ww. sXmgn¬]-c-amb [m¿an-IX ]pe¿Øm≥ am[y-a-ßsfbpw am[y-a-{]-h¿Ø-I-scbpw k÷-cm-°pI F∂-XmWv {]kv Iu¨kn-ens‚ ASn-ÿm-\-]-c-amb ZuXyw. Cu am[yaZn\-Øn¬ am[y-a-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´p hnhn[ ÿe-ß-fn¬ N¿®-Ifpw knwt]m-kn-b-ß-fp-sams° \S°m-dp≠v. CØcw Ipsd NS-ßp-I-fn¬ am{Xw HXp-ßnt∏mtI-≠-X√ cmPysØ am[ya kwhm-Z-ßƒ. F∂n-cp-∂mepw Kuc-h-]q¿W-amb N¿®-Iƒ sXmgn¬ sa®-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂Xn\pw am[y-a-{]-h¿Ø-I¿ t\cn-Sp∂ _p≤n-ap-´p-Iƒ _‘s∏-´-hsc Adn-bn-°p-∂-Xn-\p-sams° klm-b-I-amIpw. {]kv Iu¨kn¬ cq]- h - ¬I- c n- ° - s ∏´ Ime- L - ´ Øn¬\n∂p XnI®pw hyXy-kvX-amb ZuXy-ßƒ Ct∏mƒ Gs‰- S p- t °- ≠ - X mbn ht∂°mw. \h- a m- [ y- a - ß ƒ C{X kPo-h-am-bn´v GXm\pw h¿j-ßtf Bbn-´p≈q. \h-am[y-a-ßƒ D]-tbm-Kn-°p-∂-h¿ Hmtcm-cp-Ø-cpw- am[y-a-{]h¿Ø-I-\mbn amdn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-I-bmWv. hm¿Øm-hn\na-b-a-cw-KsØ hnπ-h-I-c-amb am‰-ßƒ am[y-a-ß-fpsS cq]-L-S-\-sb-t∏mepw _m[n-®n-´p≠v. kn‰n-k¨ tP¿Wen-Ãp-Iƒ hym]-I-am-Ip∂p. am[y-a-{]-h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ D]I-c-W-ßƒ Xs∂ amdn. am[y-a-{]-h¿Ø-Is‚ Xqen-IbpsS i‡n-sb-∏‰n Ct∏mƒ ]d-bp-∂Xp hmNym¿Y-Øn¬ A{]-k-‡-amWv. t]\ Ct∏mƒ cwK-Øn-s√∂p ]d-bmw. ]Icw CeIvt{Sm-WnIv D]-I-c-W-ßfpw Iw]yq-´-dp-I-fp-ap≠v. Bi-b-hn-\n-a-bØns‚ thKw ]Xn-∑-Sßp h¿[n-®ncn-°p-∂p. CØ-h-WsØ tZiob am[y-a-Zn\w cmPysØ am[ya-{]-h¿ØI-¿ t\cn-Sp∂ sh√p-hn-fn-I-sf-°p-dn-®p≈ N¿®I-fm¬ km¿YIam-Is´. \mfsØ am[y-a-ß-sf-°p-dn®p Nn¥n- ° m≥t]mepw \ap- ° n- t ∏mƒ Ign- s ™- ∂ p- h - c n- √ . ImcWw A{X thK-Øn-emWv kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy-Iƒ Bib-hn-\n-absØ apt∂m´p sIm-≠p-t]m-Ip-∂-Xv. C∂sØ am[y-a-ßƒ Xs∂-bm-hs´ \ΩpsS {][m\ Nn¥m-hn-jbw. IS-∂p-t]m-Ip∂ Hmtcm \nan-jhpw hm¿Ø-bpsS Hmtcm A[ym-b-am-Wv.

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O.J.George

lthough Reporters Without Borders do not place India in the category of nations having absolute media freedom, a practicing journalist in the country can safely say that one enjoys enormous amount of freedom even in the midst

of inherent challenges, which are both hidden and open. There are instances, here and there, of threats, intimidations and lack of encouragement for free and fair dissemination of information, ideas, interpretation and analysis, unfettered by interference of vested interests. But that is not to say that the country, which had introduced the first amendment of the Constitution to put reasonable restrictions on Press freedom, does not allow mediapersons to function liberally. In fact, we donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t have Freedom of the Press, by extension Freedom of the Media, but we have Freedom of Speech and Expression enshrined in Article 19 (1) of the Constitution, which the Supreme Court has confirmed as tantamount to Freedom of the Press. We have the general freedom as available to any citizen of the country, but that is definitely a practical tool for genuine mediapersons to practise

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(7) their profession in accordance with their conscience and general ethics.

Even as we rue the ruin of media freedom, there have been occasions when the country rose to fight against the evil of intolerance, persecution and excessive use of powers of the ruling class. Take the cases of the central government and various state governments, we have the print, the electronic and the social media to take on the authorities for their wrong-doings. It may be that instances of rape and murder, atrocities against women and children, attacks against Dalits and such other abominable acts of vandalism and cruelty may be on the increase, but it is the hard fact that the evil-doers have been exposed thoroughly because of the incessant probe and vigil pursued by the media. It is in this context that the National Press Day is being observed in November every year, as an extension of the activities of the Press Council of India which acts as

the guardian angel of Freedom of Media. It was on November 16, 1966 that the Press Council of India, which was constituted on July 4, 1966, started functioning to ensure that the media are not fettered by outside influence, governmental restrictions and other extraneous factors detrimental to free media. Press Council itself explains that it is a mechanism for the Press to regulate itself. This unique institution is rooted in the concept that in a democratic society the Press needs at once to be free and responsible. If the Press is to function effectively as the watchdog of public interest, it must have secure freedom of expression, unfettered and unhindered by any authority, organised bodies or individuals. But, this claim to press freedom has legitimacy only if it is exercised with due sense of responsibility. The Press must, therefore, scrupulously adhere to accepted norms of journalistic ethics and maintain high standards of professional conduct. There may be elements within the fraternity which

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In this country, there were cruel instances of Kalburgi, Dabholkar and Pansare having been done to death by fringe elements which do not want dissent of any sort to their sworn form of ideology, but think about the way the media, intellectuals and the society at large reacted to the dastardly act. I would say, only because we enjoy tremendous amount of freedom of expression has it turned out that the perpetrators of intolerance could be exposed thoroughly.

There are instances, here and there, of threats, intimidations and lack of encouragement for free and fair dissemination of information, ideas, interpretation and analysis, unfettered by interference of vested interests. \hw-_多 2015

(8) kept hidden. The media dish out details of bribe, commission, and other pecuniary benefits in each instance of multi-crore deals. We do not welcome a day without skeletons of scams hurtling down the cupboard. But how do we come to know the details and about the individuals and entities who get embroiled in the murky deals? The media are always on the look-out for ferreting out the intimate details, which sometimes go overboard, to the extent of destroying the privacy of individuals. But the golden rule is that privacy of public figures and their activities are not always that private.

sometimes break the model code of conduct for some petty gains here and there. But that does not mean that the media do not have a glorious history of self-less service for the betterment of the society and safeguarding of democracy. The country has learnt a lesson from the clamping of Emergency which had brought in censorship and other forms of brutality of sorts emanating from such a political situation when even the Supreme Court had to toe the line that Right to Life was not a fundamental right. Senior leader L.K.Advani had said the Press was asked to bend, but they had chosen to crawl.

I have often thought that, especially after the emergence of a powerful social media realm, everyone has turned out to be disseminators of information, ideas and interpretation which forays into areas of trespassing the laws. But the people concerned very often leave the aggressors alone, without dragging them to courts. Even the Press Council of India gives maxi-

It may be of interest to note that the same Mr Advani has not ruled out emergence again of an Emergency-like situation in the country, against which all freedom lovers and rightthinking citizens should constantly be on the vigil. Now it has turned out that India is a country of corruption, but the silver lining is that instances of corruption are not \hw-_多 2015

L.K.Advani

(9) The agency gives out every year a list of journalists killed, kidnapped and jailed for what is being dubbed as offensive practice of the profession. Nondemocratic countries have their own news organizations and propaganda channels which give out only materials of sycophancy. It is in this context that we Indians must accept the fact that we are comparatively far better than journalists of various nondemocratic countries. These days we hear about millions of people leaving their own countries, being unable to stand the strains of oppression of all sorts from dictatorial regimes. They land up in European countries to be treated as refugees, for at least that way they can breathe fresh air and freedom.

mum number of opportunities for all the parties concerned of being heard and the maximum penalty is some sort of censure, on the assumption that people would be careful in future. We have the Right to Information, Right to Services, Right to Education etc only because the media have been perennially arguing for transparency and conferment of entitlements on the citizens. It is interesting to note that according to Reporters Without Borders, more than a third of the worldâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s people live in countries where there is no press freedom. No wonder these people live in countries where there is either no system of democracy or where there are serious flaws in the democratic process. Namesake democracies do not stand instances of dissent.

India which is a confederation of states with people speaking different languages and are embedded in variegated cultures cannot be a rigid nation enforcing discipline on the dotted line. The largest democracy in the world, with a lot of illiterates and the poor, have the sagacity to overthrow regimes which torment them. Whenever and wherever intolerance, suppression and oppression raise their hood, people stand up to fight against the evil. This critical character of 1.25 billion people take us to a bright future in a democratic way, through the involvement of a vigilant media. But the luxury of media freedom should not be exploited and used to gain personal perks. This freedom enjoins on the practitioner to adhere to a code of ethics emanating from within. The authorities, state, public or private entities, would not be entirely successful to rein in an agile, vigilant and truthful media.

Former Special Correspondent, The New Indian Express, New Delhi Email :ojgeorge@gmail.com \hw-_Âż 2015

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(11) \-Øn\v \¬Inb ktμ-iØ - n-emWv DΩ≥ Nm≠n Xs‚ Bi- b ßƒ ]¶p- h - ® - X v. ]{X- { ]- h ¿Ø- I cpw ]{X{]h¿ØI bqWn- b - \ p- s am- s °- b m- b n X\n°v

Zo¿L-Im-esØ Dujvaf _‘-am-Wp-≈-sX∂v DΩ≥ Nm≠n A\p-kva-cn®p. ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-Ic - psS Ah-Im-iß - ƒ t\Sn-sb-Sp-°p∂-Xnepw Ah kwc-£n-°p-∂-Xnepw am[ya {]h¿ØI¿°v Hcp kwc-£-W-h-ebw krjvSn-°p-∂-Xnepw ]{X{]-h¿ØI bqWn-b≥ hln® kvXpXy¿l-amb DØ-chm-ZnXzt_m[sØ At±lw A`n-\-μn-®p. A©p Zim-_vZØ - n-e[ - nIw ]{X-{]-h¿ØI bqWnb≥ H‰-s°-´mbn {]h¿Øn®p F∂Xv F√m-h¿°pw A`n-am-\-I-c-am-Wv. ]{X-{]-h¿ØI bqWn-bs‚ kmcYn-I-fm-bn-cp-∂-h-scbpw \ne-hn-ep≈ kmc-Yn-I-sfbpw A`n-\μ - n-°m\pw Cu Ah-kcw hn\n-tbm-Kn-°p-∂Xmbn At±lw Adn-bn®p. temI-sa-ºmSpw henb am‰-ßƒ kw`-hn-®p-sIm≠n-cn-°p∂ Hcp Ime-L-´-Øn-emWv \man∂p Pohn-°p∂-Xv. \q‰m-≠p-sIm≠v kw`-hn® am‰-ßƒ ]pXnb ImeØn¬ kw`-hn-°m≥ amk-ßtfm Znh-k-ßtfm aXn. am[y-a-cw-KØpw AXn-th-KXbn-emWv henb am‰-ßƒ kw`-hn-®p-sIm-≠n-cn-°p-∂-Xv. kmt¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy-bn-eq-∂nbp≈ Cu henb am‰-ßsf Dƒs°m-≠-h-cmWv ]{X{]- h ¿Ø- I - t c- s dbpw. t]mkn- ‰ ohv Bbp≈ am‰ßƒs°m∏w Ac-£n-XX - z-Øn-s‚bpw A\n-›n-XX - z-Øns‚bpw hgn-IƒIqSn Xpd-°p-I-bmWv Cu am‰-ßƒ. aqe[\ i‡n-Iƒ henb tXmXn¬ am[y-a-cw-K-tØ°p IS-

∂p-h-∂n-cn-°p-∂p. Ah¿ \nc-h[n am[y-a-ÿm-]-\-ßsf hne-bvs°-Sp-Øn-cn-°p-Ib - m-Wv. F∂m¬ CS-Øc - w, sNdpInS am[y-aß - ƒ henb {]Xn-k‘ - n-If - n-eqsS IS-∂p-t]mIp-∂p. am[y-a-{]-h¿Ø-I-cpsS iº-fw, tPmen-ÿn-c-X, tPmen-km-l-N-cy-ßƒ XpS-ßn-b-h-bn-sems° henb am‰-ßƒ kw`-hn-®n-cn-°p-∂p. h¿°nwKv tP¿W-enÃv BIvSn¬ t]mepw hnjz¬ aoUn-bsb Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn-bnń-√. Ign™ bp]nF k¿°m-cns‚ ImeØv CXp kw_-‘n® Nne kp{]-[m\ Xocp-am-\-ßƒ ssIs°ms≠- ¶ nepw AXpw {]m_- e y- Ø n- e m- b n- √ . Icm¿ tPmenbpw lb¿ B≥Uv ^b¿ t]mfn-knbpw hym]-Iam-bn-cn-°p-∂p. B]-XvI-c-amb \ne-bn-te°p Imcy-ßƒ \oßn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-∂p. apJy-a{¥n A`n-{]m-b-s∏´p P\m-[n-]-Xy-Øns‚ s\Sp-wXq-Wp-I-fn¬ H∂mb aoUn-bbv°v CØ-c-samcp Ah-ÿm-hn-tijw D≠m-Ip∂Xv H´pw `qj-Wa - √ - . \ΩpsS \mSns‚ ]ptcm-KX - n-bnepw hnI-k\ - Ø - n-epw, Cu \mSns\ P\m-[n-]X - y-Ønepw atXX-c-Xz-Ønepw Dd-∏n®p \n¿Øp-∂-Xnepw kp{]-[m-\-amb ]¶mWv am[y-a-ßƒ hln-®-Xv. Cu s\Spw-Xq¨ sh√phn-fn-I-fpw {]Xn-k-‘n-Ifpw t\cn-Sp-tºmƒ Ah¿°v ]n¥p-Wbpw IcpØpw ]I-cm-\p≈ DØ-c-hm-ZnXzw kaql-Øn\pw `c-W-Iq-S-ßƒ°p-ap-≠v. am[y-a-cwKw t\cnSp∂ {]iv\-ß-sf-°p-dn®pw {]Xn-k-‘n-I-sf-°p-dn®pw Cu k¿°m-cn\v DØa t_m[y-ap-≠v. C°m-cy-Øn¬ sNøm-hp∂ Imcy-ß-sf-°p-dn®v _‘-s∏´ F√m-h-cpambn IqSn-bm-tem-Nn-°m\pw km[y-amb \S-]-Sn-Iƒ kzoI-cn-°m\pw k¿°m¿ Xbm-dm-Wv. apJya{¥n Dd∏p \¬In. \q‰m≠p ]n∂n´ ]{X-ßfpw Im¬\q-‰m≠p ]n∂n´ Nm\-ep-Ifpw \ap-°p-≠v. ]{X-{]-h¿Ø\ Ncn-{X-Ønepw am[ya km£-c-X-bnepw am[ya km{μ-X-bnepw tIcfw F∂pw ap∂n-em-Wv. P\-ßƒ hniz-kn-°p-∂-Xp-sIm≠mWv am[y-a-ßƒ°v Cu t\´w ssIh-cn-°m-\m-b-Xv. F∂m¬ kao-]-Im-esØ ]e kw`-h-ßfpw am[y-a-ßfpsS hnizm-ky-X-bv°v tIm´w hcp-Øn-bn-´p-t≠m-sb∂v Bfl-]-cn-tim-[\ \S-Ø-Ww. CØcw Bfl-]-cn-tim[\ t_m[- ] q¿hw \S- Ø p- ∂ n- s √- ¶ n¬ Ccn- ° p∂ sImºp-ap-dn-°p-∂-Xn\p Xpey-am-bn-cn°pw AXv. apJy-[mcm am[y-a-ßƒ°v kam-¥-c-ambn \h-am[y-aß - fpw Ct∏mƒ cwK-Øp-≠v. apJy-[mcm am[y-aß - ƒ Xa-kvI-cn-°p-I-tbm, hnkva-cn-°p-Itbm sNøp∂ ]e hm¿Ø-Ifpw \h-am-[y-a-ßfneqsS ]pd-Øp-h-cp-∂p. bmsXm-cp-hn[ \nb-{¥-W-ßfpw C√m-sX-bmWv \h-am[y-a-ßƒ {]h¿Øn-°p-∂Xv F∂-XmWv as‰mcp hkvXpX. Hmtcm hy‡nbpw Cs∂mcp am[y-a-am-Wv. P\m-[n-]Xy-Øn¬ am[y-a-\n-b-{¥-W-Øn\p henb {]k-‡n-bn√. kzbw \nb-{¥-Whpw Bfl-kw-b-a-\hpw Bfl-]-cntim-[\ - b - p-amWv Bh-iysa∂v DΩ≥ Nm≠n Hm¿an-∏n®p. P\m- [ n- ] - X y- Ø nse _lp- k z- c - X bpw sshhn [yhpw kwc-£n-°p-Is - b∂ kp{]-[m-\a - mb ]¶pw am[ya-ßƒ°p-≠v. AXp-t]mse Xs∂, \ΩpsS \mSns‚ \hw-_¿ 2015

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kztZ-im-`n-am\n-˛tIkcn ]pckvImcw sI.-Fw. tdmbn°v

ÿm\ k¿°m-cns‚ 2014˛se kztZ-im-`n-am\n˛tIkcn ]pc-kvIm-c-Øn\v sI.-Fw. tdmbn A¿l-\m-bn. dnt∏m¿´¿, FUn-‰¿, tImf-an-Ãv, H∂n-tesd {]kv ¢_p-I-fpsS ÿm]I≥, tP¿W-enkw, A[ym-]-I≥ F∂o \ne-I-fnse hy‡n-ap-{Z-bmWv sI.-Fw. tdmbnsb ]pc-kvIm-c-Øn\v A¿l-\m-°n-b-Xv. awKfw Zn\-]-{XØns‚ XpS°w apX¬ P\-d¬ FUn-

‰-dm-bn-cp∂p sI.-Fw. tdmbn. Hcp e£w cq]bpw {]i-kvXn-]{Xhpw AS-ßp-∂-XmWv ]pc-kvIm-cw. sI.-Pn. apc-fo-[-c≥, sI.-kn. \mcm-b-W≥, Sn.-kn.-amXyp F∂n-h-cS-ßp∂ PUvPnßv IΩ-‰nbmWv ]pc-kvImc tPXm-hns\ sXc-s™-Sp-Ø-Xv. Cw•o-jv, aebmfw ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\-cw-K-ß-fn¬ Hcp-t]mse {]mK¤yw sXfnbn® ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-I-\mWv sI.-Fw. tdmbn. 1961-˛¬ aØmbn am™q-cms‚ tIcf {]Im-i-Øn-eq-sS-bmWv ]{X-{]-h¿Ø\ cwKsØ-Øn-b-Xv. ]n∂oSv tZi-_-‘p-hnepw tIcf `qj-W-Ønepw {]h¿Øn-®p. Zv F°-tWm-anIv ssSwkv, Zv lnμp, hm¿Øm GP≥kn-bmb bp.-F≥.sF F∂n-h-bn¬ {]h¿Øn-®-tijw awKfw Zn\-]-{X-Øn-se-Øn. awKfw hmcn-I-bnse Ccpfpw shfn®hpw F∂ ]w‡n ]Xn-‰m-≠p-I-tfmfw hmb-\-°m-cpsS CjvS]w-‡n-bm-bn-cp-∂p. awKfw Zn\-]-{X-Øn¬ Xpd∂ a\-tkmsS F∂ {]Xn-hmc ]w‡n ]{X-Øns‚ XpS°w apX¬ ssIImcyw sNbvXp. CXp-Iq-SmsX C¥y°v AIØpw ]pd-Øp-ap≈ hnhn[ Cw•o-jv, ae-bmfw {]kn-≤o-I-c-W-ß-fn¬ ]w‡n-Iƒ {]kn-≤o-Icn-®p. A°m-Zan P\-d¬ Iu¨kn¬ AwK-am-Wv. ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-I-cpsS kwL-S-\-bmb tIcf ]{X-{]-h¿ØI bqWn-bs‚ ÿm]I t\Xm-hmb tdmbn tIm´-bØpw Fd-Wm-IpfØpw {]kv ¢_p-Iƒ ÿm]n-°m≥ t\XrXzw \¬In. tZiob kwL-S-\-bmb C¥y≥ s^U-td-j≥ Hm^v h¿°nßv tPW-enÃns‚ sk{I-´dn P\-d-ep-am-bn-cp-∂p.

]ptcm-KX - n-bnepw hnI-k\ - Ø - nepw am[y-aß - ƒ°v henb ]¶p-h-ln-°m-\p-≠v. am[y-a-ß-fpsS ]n¥p-W-bn-√msX \mSn\v Gsd apt∂m-´p-t]m-Im-\m-In-√. hnI-k-\-Im-cyØn¬ C°m-eØv {][m-\-s∏´ cmjv{So-b-I-£n-Iƒ XΩn¬ s]mXp-hmb Nne [mc-W-Iƒ cq]-s∏-´n-´p-≠v. ]g-b-Xp-t]mse Bcpw IÆ-S®v H∂n-s\bpw FXn¿°p∂n-√. AXp-sIm-≠mWv Cu cwKØv Nne apt∂-‰-ßƒ \S-Øm≥ \ap°p km[n-®-Xv. CSp°n Uman\pw s\Spºm-ticn hnam-\-Øm-h-f-Øn-\pw-tijw tIc-f-Øn¬ Nne h≥InS ]≤-Xn-Iƒ Ct∏mƒ bmYm¿∞y-am-Ip-Ibm-Wv. tIc-f-Øn¬ D≠mb A¤p-X-I-c-amb Cu am‰w ]e¿°pw hniz-kn-°m≥ t]mepw Ign-bp-∂n-√. F∂m¬ tIc-f-Øn\v C\n-bp-tasd apt∂m-´p-t]m-Im≥ km[n°psa∂v apJy-a{¥n A`n-{]m-b-s∏-´p. hnhm-Z-ß-fpsS Hcp \mSmbn ssZh-Øns‚ kz¥w \mSv amdp∂ Hcp {]h-WX Ct∏mƒ \mw ImWp-∂p-≠v. hnhm-Z-ßƒsIm≠v \mSn\v t\´-sam∂pw D≠m-b-Xmbn ImWp-∂n√. \Ωp-sS Ip´nIƒ hf¿∂p-h-cp-I-bm-Wv. \hw-_¿ 2015

Ah¿°n-hnsS hnZy A`y-kn-°m\pw hf-cm\pw Pohn°m-\p-ap≈ Ah-kcw D≠m-°n-s°m-Sp-t°≠ _m[yX \ap-s°√mw D≠v. AXn\p ]‰p∂ kml-N-cyhpw km[yX-Ifpw \ap-°p-≠v. CXp {]tbm-P-\-s∏-Sp-Øm-Xn-cp-∂Xp-sIm-≠mWv e£°W-°n\p ae-bm-fn-Iƒ°v tIc-fØn\p ]pd- t Ø°pw cmPy- Ø n\p ]pd- t Ø°pw t]mtI≠n h∂-Xv. tIc-f-Øns‚ hn-Ik-\-Im-cy-ß-fn¬ am[y-a-ß-fpsS ]n¥pWbp≠m-I-W-sa∂v apJy-a{¥n A`y¿∞n-®p. hnI-k\ {]h¿Ø-\-ß-fn¬ kpXm-cyX Cs√- ¶ n¬ IÆ- S ®v FXn¿°mw. F∂m¬ FXn¿°m≥th≠n FXn¿°-cpsX∂v At±lw Hm¿an∏n-®p. ]pXp-Xmbn Npa-X-e-tb-¬°p∂ kwÿm\ {]knU‚ v kn.-F. A_vZpƒ K^q¿, P\-d¬ sk{I-´dn kn. \mcm-b-W≥ F∂n-h-cpsS t\Xr-Xz-Øn-ep≈ `mc-hm-lnIƒ°v apJy-a{¥n A`n-\-μ-\-ßfpw Biw-k-Ifpw A¿∏n-°p-Ibpw sNbvXp.

(13)

aoUnb ss_‰vkv F≥. ]n. B¿

F{X t]¿

hn-h-cm-h-Im-iw tX-Sp∂p, t\-Sp-∂p ? Cu cwK-Øv {]-h¿-Øn-°p-∂ \n-ch-[n ]u-c-kw-LS-\-Iƒ A-h-cp-tSXm-b ]T-\-ß-fpw k¿-sh-Ifpw \S-Øn ]p-d-Øp-sIm-≠p-h-∂ I-W-°p-Iƒ {i-t≤-bam-b hn-h-c-ßƒ \¬-Ip-∂p-≠v.

cW-Im-cy-ß-f-dn-bm≥ ]uc-\v ]m¿-e-sa-‚w-K-tØ°mƒ A-h-Im-iw \¬-Ip-∂ hn-h-cm-h-Im-i-\nb-aw {]m-_ey-Øn¬ h-∂ ti-jw bYm¿-∞-Øn¬ ]u-c-∑m¿ Cu A-h-Im-iw F-{X-tØmfw D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p-≠v? Ncn{Xw kr-„n-® \n-b-aw ]-Xn‰m-≠v ]q¿-Øn-bm-°nb-t∏mƒ ]t£, hn-h-cm-h-Im-i HutZym-Kn-I-kw-hn-[m-\-ßsfm∂pw C-°mcyw ]-cn-tim[n-®n√. Cu cwK-Øv {]-h¿Øn-°p-∂ \n-ch-[n ]u-c-kwL-S-\-Iƒ A-h-cp-tSXm-b ]T-\-ß-fpw k¿-sh-Ifpw \SØn ]p-d-Øp-sIm-≠p-h-∂ IW-°p-Iƒ {i-t≤-b-am-b hnh-c-ßƒ \¬-Ip-∂p-≠v. Acp-W tdm-bv t\XrXzw \¬-Ip-∂ cm-P-ÿm\n-se a-kv-Zq¿ In-km≥ i‡n kw-L-S-\-bm-Wv C°mcyw ]Tn-°m≥ {i-an® Hcp k-∂-≤-kw-L-S-\. A-h¿ \-SØn-b t]m-cm-´-am-Wv BZyw cm-P-ÿm-\nepw ]nAcp-W tdm-bv \hw-_¿ 2015

(14)

s∂ C-¥y-sbm-´p°pw Cu \nb-aw \-S-∏m-°p-∂-Xn-te-°v \-bn-®Xv. ]-Øv h¿jw ]q¿-Øn-bm-Ip-tºmƒ F¨]-Xv e-£w C-¥y-°m¿ C-Xn-\-Iw \n-b-aw D-]tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øn hn-h-cw t\-Sn-b-Xm-bn A-cp-Wm tdm-bv ]-d-bp-∂p-s≠-¶nepw AXpw ]q¿-W-hn-izm-ky-X-bp-≈ H-cp I-W-°m-bn Aw-Ko-I-cn-°-s∏-ń-ń√. hn-hcm-hIm-i I-Ωo-j-\p-Iƒ-°v A-hn-sS e-`n-® A-∏o-epI-sf Ip-dn-t® ÿn-Xn-hn-hc-°-W-°p-Iƒ \¬-Im≥ I-gn-bp-∂p≈q. k¿-°m¿ h-Ip-∏p-I-fn¬-\n∂pw ÿm]-\-ß-fn¬ \n∂pw hm¿-jn-I-hn-h-c-ti-J-c-W-Øn\pw A-h-bp-sS Sm-_p-tej\pw Im-cy-£-aam-b kw-hn-[m-\w tI-{μ˛kwÿm-\ k¿-°-m-dp-Iƒ C-Xph-sc G¿-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-ń√. tI-{μ C≥-^¿-ta-j≥ I-Ωoj-s‚ I-W-°-\p-k-cn-®v 2009˛10 Im-eØv 6,26,748 t]-cpw 10˛11 ¬ 4,37,744 t]-cpw 11˛12 ¬ 7,05,976 t]-cpw 12˛13 Im-eØv 8,86,681 t]-cpw 13˛14 Im-eØv 9,62,630 t]-cpw B-Wv hnh-cw tX-Sn-b-Xv. Cu IW-°p-Iƒ D-s≠-¶nepw tIm-a¨-sh¬-Øv lq-a≥ ssd-‰v-kv C-\o-tjy-‰ohv

\hw-_¿ 2015

(kn.F-Nv.B¿.sF) t]m-ep≈ kw-L-S-\-Iƒ hn-h-cmhIm-i \n-b-a D-]-tbm-K-sØIp-dn-®v A-h-cp-tSXm-b I-W°p-Iƒ {]-kn-≤-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn´p≠v. Ip-sd kw-ÿm-\-ßfn¬ \n-∂v ti-J-cn-® hn-h-c-a\p-k-cn®v 24.77 e£w B-fpI-fm-Wv 2012˛13 Im-e-Øv cmPy-Øv hn-h-cm-h-Im-iw tX-Sn A-t]-£ \¬In-b-Xv. ]-e kwÿm-\ I-Ωo-j-\p-I-fpw hnh-cw \¬-In-bn-´n√- F-∂

(15)

£-I-fp-sS F-Æ-tØm-fw h-cn√ A-t]£-I-cp-sS FÆw. H-cmƒ A-t\-Iw A-t]-£-Iƒ \¬-In-bn-´p-≠m-Ipw. hnhcmh-Im-i-cwK-Øv k-Po-h-am-bn {]h¿-Øn-°p-∂-h¿ Ht∂m ct≠m At]-£-Iƒ am{Xw \¬-In Xr-]v-Xn-s∏Sp-∂-hc√. \n-c¥-cw A-t]-£-Iƒ \¬-Ip-∂-h-cm-Wv. F-{X h-\n-X-Iƒ hn-h-cm-h-Im-i\nb-aw D-]-tbm-Kn-®p F-∂ tNm-Zy-Øn\v DØ-cw \¬-Inb-Xv c-≠v kw-ÿm\-ßƒ am-{Xw. O-´o-kv-K-Un¬ hn-h-cmh-Im-iw t\-Sp-∂-cn¬ 6.9 i-X-am-\w am{X-am-Wv h-\n-XIƒ. \m-Km-em≥-Un¬

----------------------------

h-kvXp-X ]-cn-K-W-n °p-tºmƒ c-≠v h¿jw sIm-≠v Aº-Xv e£w t]¿ hn-h-cmh-Im-iw D-]-tbm-K-s∏Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v F-∂pth-Ww I-cp-Xm≥. apgp-h≥ kw-ÿm-\-ßfn-sebpw tI-{μ-Ønsebpw I-W-°p-Iƒ F-{X h-en-®p-\o-´n-bmepw, ]-Øv h¿-jØn\-Iw shdpw H-cp i-X-am-\-tØmfw Bfp-I-fm-Wv cm-Py-ØmI-am-\w \nb-aw D-]tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øn-b-Xv F-∂v A-\p-am-\n-°mw. C-Xv A`n-am-\n-°m-hp∂ H-cp kw-Jy-bm-Wv F-∂v hn-h-cm-hIm-i {]-h¿-Ø-I¿ I-cp-Xp∂n√. hn-h-cm-h-Im-iw t\-Sp-∂-h-cp-sS F-Æw G-‰hpw Iq-Sp-X¬ a-lm-cm{„-bn-emWv. I¿-Wm-S-Ibpw Kp-P-dm-Øp-am-Wv c≠pw aq∂pw ÿm-\-ßfn¬. P-Ωp˛Im-iv-ao-cn¬ 2012˛13 Im-e-Øv ap≥ h¿-j-tØ-°mƒ 127 i-Xam-\w Iq-Sp-X¬ B-fp-Iƒ hn-h-cm-h-Im-iw t\-Sn F∂-Xv {i-t≤-b-ambn. cm-P-ÿm-\n-epw C-tX Ime-Øv C-c-´n-t∏¿ hnh-cw tXSn. hnh-cw tX-Sn-bh-cp-sS F-Æw Ip-d-™-Xm-bn dn-t∏m¿-´v sN-bv-X G-I kw-ÿm-\w H-Unj-bm-Wv. Cu ÿn-Xn-hn-h-c-°-W-°p-Iƒ-s°√mw H-cp ]-cn-an-Xn-bp-≠v. A-t]-

]p-Xp-Xm-bn \n-e-hn¬ h-cp-∂ Pp-Uo-jy¬ I-Ωo-j-s‚ A-\pa-Xn hm-ßn-tb t]m-eo-kv ]-{X{]-h¿-Ø-Is‚ tc-J-Iƒ ]-cn-tim-[-\-bv-°v B-h-iy-s∏-Sm-hq

\hw-_¿ 2015

(16) C-h-cp-sS F-Æw 2.55 am-{X-hpw. a-‰v kw-ÿm-\-I-Ωo-j-\p-I-sfm∂pw Cu hnh-cw \¬-In-b-Xp-X-s∂-bn√. F-{X t]¿ hnh-cw Xnc-°n F-∂√m-sX F-{X-t]¿-°v tNm-Zn-® hnh-cw In-´n- F-∂v H-cp ]T-\ dnt∏m¿-´p-I-fn-epw C√.

(I-S-∏mSv: thehoot.org

| 29/10/2015)

hm¿-Øm-t{km-X- p-Isf kw-c-£n-°m≥ \nb-aw am-[y-a-{]-h¿-Ø-I¿-°v B-cv hnh-cw \¬-In F-∂p I-s≠-Øm-\p≈ t]m-eo-kv A-t\z-j-W-ßƒ-°pta¬ {_n-´≥ \n-b-a-]-cam-b \n-b-{¥Ww G¿-s∏-Sp-Øp∂p. ]t£, \n-b{¥-W-ßƒ ]q¿-W- Xr-]v-Xn- \¬Ip∂n-s√-∂v am-[y-a-{]-h¿-Ø-I¿ A`n-{]m-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. ]p-Xp-Xm-bn \n-e-hn¬ h-cp-∂ Pp-Uo-jy¬ I-Ωoj-s‚ A-\pa-Xn hm-ßn-tb t]m-eo-kv ]-{X-{]-h¿-ØIs‚ tc-J-Iƒ ]-cn-tim-[-\-bv-°v B-h-iy-s∏-Sm-hq F∂m-Wv H-Iv-tSm-_¿ H-Sp-hn¬ {]-kn-≤-s∏-SpØn-b Ic-Sv \n-b-a-Øn¬ ]-d-bp-∂Xv. hn-c-an-® P-Uv-Pn-s‚ t\-Xr-XzØn-ep-≈- I-Ωoj-\v C≥-sh-kv-‰n-tK‰-dn ]-th-gv-kv IΩo-j-W¿- F-∂mhpw t]-cv. aq-∂v h¿-j-Øn-\n-S-bn¬ t]m-eo-kv 82 ]-{X-{]-h-¿Ø-I-cp-sS t^m¨ kw-`m-j-W hn-h-c-ßƒ c-l-ky-ambn tX-Sn-bn-cp-∂p F-∂ dn-t∏m¿-´n-s\ Xp-S¿-∂m-Wv C°m-cy-Øn¬ ]pXn-b \n-b-a-\n¿-am-W-Øn-\v K-h-s◊-‚ v k-∂-≤-am-b-Xv. ]-{X-ÿm-]-\ß-sf A-dn-bn-°m-sX-bmWv t]m-eo-kv sS-e-nt°mw ÿm-]-\-ß-fn¬-\n-∂v hnhcw tX-Sm-dp-≈-Xv. kz-Im-cy-X-bv-°p-≈ A-h-Im-iw F√m-h¿°pw Ds≠-¶nepw Nn-e s{]m-^-j-\p-Iƒ-°v {]-tXy-I kwc£-Ww B-h-iy-am-Wv F-∂ XØzw C-t∏mƒ K-hs◊-‚pw s]m-Xp-k-aq-lhpw kzo-I-cn-°p-∂p≠v. tUm-IvS¿-am¿, A-`n-`m-jI¿, am-[y-a-{]-h¿-Ø-I¿, ]m¿-e-sa‚ v Aw-K-ßƒ Xp-S-ßn-b-h¿ C-°q-´-Øn¬ s]-Sp-∂p. hn-h-c-ßƒ a-d-®p-sh-°p-∂ {In-an-\-ep-Iƒ A√ tP-W-en-Ãp-Iƒ F-∂v t]m-eokpw \n-b-a-\n¿-am-Xm°fpw a-\- n-em-°-W-sa-∂v ]p-Xn-b \n-b-a ]-cn-jv-Im-csØ-bpw tNmZyw sN-øp-∂ skm-ssk-‰n Hm-^v F-Unt‰-gv-kv t_m-_v km-s®z¬ A`n-{]m-b-s∏´p. hnh-cw tXSm≥ t]m-eo-kv {i-an-°p-tºmƒ A-Xn-s\ tNm-Zyw sNøm≥ am-[y-a-{]-h¿-Ø-I-\v A-hk-cw \¬-Intb Xo-cq F∂pw A-t±-lw ]-d™p.

(I-S-¸mSv : www.pressgazette.co.uk/)

]-c-ky-Xm¬-]-cy-Øn-\v h-g-tß-≠n h-cp∂p _n-kn\-kv tP-W-en-Ãp-Iƒ-°n-S-bn¬ {]-kv Kk-‰v \hw-_¿ 2015

\-SØn-b k¿-sh-bn¬ {]-I-Sam-b H-cp ]-cmXn, am-[y-aÿm-]-\-ßƒ ]-c-ky-°m-cp-sS X-m¬-]-cy-ßƒ-°v h-gßm≥ \n¿-_-‘n-X-cm-hp-∂p F-∂-Xm-Wv. {]-kv Kk-‰v ÿm-]-\-Øn-s‚ A-ºXmw hm¿-jnIw {]-am-Wn-®v {_n-´-\n¬ \-S-Øn-b Hm¨-sse≥ k¿sh-bn¬ {_n-´-\n-se F-gp-\q-dv am-[y-a-{]-h¿-Ø-I-c-mWv ]-s¶-Sp-ØXv. C-Xn¬ A-dp-]Ø-©v t]¿ _n-kn\-kv Sp _n-kn-\kv tP-W-en-Ãp-I-fm-Wv.(D¬-∏-∂-ßƒ D-Xv]m-Z-I ÿm-]-\-ß-fp-am-bn ssI-am-‰w sN-øp-∂ ÿm-]\-ßƒ B-Wv _n-Sp-_n ÿm-]-\-ßƒ). Cu cw-Kw dnt∏m¿-´v sN-øp-∂-h¿-°v Xm-c-X-tay-\ Iq-Sp-X¬ {]-Xn^ew e-`n-°p-∂p-≠v, ]t£, sXm-gn¬ kw-Xr-]v-Xn a-‰p≈-h-tc-°mƒ Ip-d-hmWv. sXm-gn¬ kw-Xr-]v-Xn G‰hpw Ipd-hv \yq-kv G-P≥-kn-I-fn¬ {]-h¿-Øn-°p-∂h¿-°mWv. sXm-gn¬ cwK-sØ G-‰hpw hen-b B-i-¶

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F-¥v F-∂ tNm-Zy-Øn-\mWv, F-Un-t‰m-dn-b¬ {]-h¿Ø-\-Øn-\v ta-ep-≈ ]-c-ky-°m-cp-sS kzm-[o-\w F-∂ a-dp]-Sn e-`n-®-Xv.

]-{X-{]-h¿-Ø-I≥ tPm-en-°n-S-bn¬ D-d-ß-s´! D-d-ß-W-sa-∂v tXm-∂p-tºmƒ D-d-ßp-∂-Xv sX‰√ F-∂v hn-iz-kn-°p-∂ D-S-a-bm-Wv l-^n-Mv-S¨ t]m-

Ãv F∂ am-[y-a-ÿm-]-\-Øn-t‚-Xv. ]p-e¿-s® c-≠v aWn-°v hm¿-Ø A-b-°p-∂h-sc B-Z-cn-°p-∂ kw-kvIm-cw C-hn-sS-bn√. \m-W-t°-Sm-Wv A-Xv ˛ l-^n-MvS¨ t]m-Ãv F-Un-t‰m-dn-b¬ U-b-d-Iv-‰¿ Um-\n jn-b ]-d-bp-∂p. D-d-°-Øn-s‚ B-cm-[n-I-bm-Wv ÿm-]-\-Øn-s‚ ÿm-]-I Iq-Sn-bm-b F-dn-bm-∂ l-^n-MvS¨. \√ Dd°w a-\p-jy-s‚ {In-bm-ﬂ-I-Xbpw I¿-a-ti-jnbpw h¿-≤n-∏n-°pw, D-d-°Øn-\v ]-c-a-{]m-[m-\yw \¬-IWw˛ \√ D-d-°-io-eß-sf Ip-dn-®v ]p-kv-XI-sa-gp-Xm≥ X-s∂ H-cp-sº-Sp-∂ Fdn-bm-∂ ]-d-bp-∂p. l-^n-Mv-S¨ Poh-\-°m-cp-sS Po-hn-X Kp-W-Øn-\v ]c-a-{]m-[m\yw \¬-Ip-∂p. \√ -£-

------------------------h-cp-am-\w Ipd-™, A-]ISw G-sd-bp-≈, enw-K-sshhn≤yw C√m-Ø, sXm-gn¬ D-b¿-®-°v A-hk-cw Ipd™, sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ G-sd A-`n-apJo-I-cn-°p-∂ sXm-gn¬-ta-J-e-bm-Wv t^mt´m tP-W-en-kw. \hw-_¿ 2015

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tdm-bn-‰¿ C≥-Ãn-‰yq-´v t^m¿ Z Ã-Un H-^v tP-W-en-khpw thƒUv {]-kv t^mt´m ^u-t≠-j\pw kw-bp-‡-am-bm-Wv ]T-\w \-S-ØnbXv. i-º-fw, sXm-gn-¬ kw-Xr]vXn, hn-Zym-`ym-k˛]-cn-io-e-\ ku-I-cy-ßƒ, F∂n-h kw-_-‘n®v \q-dp cm-Py-ß-fn-se 1500 t^mt´m tP-W-en-Ãp-Iƒ-°n-S-bnem-Wv k¿-sh \-S-Øn-bXv. sXm-gnen-S-Øn-se A]-I-S km-[y-X-bv-°v ]pd-sa k-ao-]-Ime-Øv t^m-t´m km-t¶Xn-I hn-Zy-bn-ep-≠m-b am-‰ßfpw t^mt´m tP-W-en-kw cwKØv sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ D-b¿-Øp-∂Xm-bn A-h¿ I-cp-Xp-∂p. k¿-sh-bn¬ `m-K-`m°m-b F¨]-Xv i-X-am-\w t]cpw ]p-cpj-∑m-cmWv. A-©n¬ \m-ev t]-cp X-\n-®m-Wv tPm-en sN-øp-∂Xv. a-‰v s{]m-^-j-\p-I-fp-am-bn Xm-c-X-ays∏-Sp-Øp-tºmƒ iº-fw Ip-d-hmWv˛ 75 i-X-am-\-Øn-\pw h¿-jw \m-¬-]-Xn-\m-bn-cw ]u-≠n-\v Xmsg-tb i-º-f-ap≈q. aq-∂n-sem-cm-ƒ°v C-Xv ]-Xn-\m-bn-cw ]u-≠n-epw Xm-sg-bmWv. ]-Øn¬ Hº-Xv t]cpw F-t∏m-gm-Wv B-{I-an-°s∏Sp-I F-∂ `-b-tØm-sS-bm-Wv tPmen sN-øp-∂Xv. A-\-[n-Ir-Xam-bn X-ß-fp-sS t^m-t´m-Iƒ D-]tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p F-∂ ]-cm-Xn F√m-h¿°pw D-≠v. A®-Sn am-[y-a-Øn-s‚ `m-hn tim`-\-a√ F-∂ B-i-¶ hym-]-Iam-sW-¶nepw t^mt´m tP-W-enÃp-Iƒ°v s{]m-^j-s‚ `m-hn-sb Ip-dn-®v B-i-¶-bn√. am-[y-a D-S-a-

Ww e`n-°p-∂ Im‚o\pw D-d-ßm≥ ap-dn-Ifpw Po-h-\-°m¿°v H-cp-°nbn-´p≈ A-Xy-]q¿-h ÿm-]-\-am-Wv AXv. [ym-\-Øn\pw tbm-K-bv°pw A-hn-sS ku-I-cyw G¿-s∏-Sp-Øn-bn-´p-≠v. h-ºn-® {]-Nm-c-ap-≈ Un-Pn-‰¬ am-[y-a-am-Wv l-^n-Mv-S¨ t]m-Ãv. am-kw 8.6 tIm-Sn-bm-Wv A-h-cp-sS ssk-‰n-s‚ hm-b-\-°m¿. \yq-tbm¿°v ssSw-kn-t\-°mƒ ta-se. ( ]-{X-{]-h¿-Ø-I¿ ar-„m-∂w Xn-∂n´pw Dd-ßn-bn´pw H-∂pw ÿm-]-\-Øn-\v tI-Sn√ ! ) 850 am-[y-a-{]-h¿-Ø-I-cp≠v C-t∏mƒ Cu ÿm-]-\Øn¬.

t^mt´m tP-W-en-kw A-\m-I¿-j-Itam ?

S-\n-Sv tIm-jv \hw-_¿ 2015

---------------------

{]-kv t^m-t´m-{Km-^¿-am¿ A-h-cp-sS sXm-gn-en-s\ B-cm-[n-°p-Ibpw kv-t\-ln-°p-Ibpw sN-øp-∂-h-cmWv. ]t£, t^m-t´m tP-W-enksØ Ip-dn-®v \-SØn-b H-cp tem-I-hym-]-I k¿-sh sh-fn-hm-°p∂-Xv A-{X-sbm∂pw B-I¿-j-Iam-b h-kv-Xp-X-I-f√. h-cp-am-\w Ipd-™, A-]I-Sw G-sd-bp-≈, enw-K-ssh-hn≤yw C√mØ, sXm-gn¬ D-b¿-®-°v A-hk-cw Ipd™, sh√p-hn-fn-Iƒ G-sd A`n-ap-Jo-I-cn-°p-∂ sXm-gn¬-ta-J-e-bm-Wv t^mt´m tP-W-en-kw.

A¿-≤-\-· h-\n-X-I-fpsS t^mt´m sIm-Sp-Øv {]-Nm-cw Iq-´p-∂p F-∂v B-t£-]-ap-≈, bq-tdm∏nse G-‰hpw hm-b-\°m-cp-≈ ]-{X-Øn-\v BZy-am-bn h-\n-Xm F-Un‰¿.

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ÿ-∑m¿ th≠-{X {]m-[m\yw \¬-IpIbpw aq-e[-\w C-d-°p-I-bpw sN-bvXm¬ hn-jz¬ dn-t∏m¿-´n-Mv C-\nbpw hn-I-kn-°p-sa-∂-v `q-cn]-£w t^mt´m tP-W-en-Ãp-Ifpw I-cp-Xp∂p. G-sd {]bm-k-ß-fp-s≠-¶nepw t^m-t´m tP-Wen-k-Øn-s‚ k¿Km-ﬂ-I-X-bm-Wv X-ßsf A-Xns\ s\-t©m-Sp-tN¿-Øv \n¿Øp-∂-Xv- F-∂v A-h¿ D-d-∏n-®p-]-d-bp∂p.

BZy h-\n-Xm F-Un-‰¿ A¿-≤-\-· h-\n-X-I-fp-sS t^mt´m sIm-Sp-Øv {]-Nm-cw Iq-´p-∂p F-∂v B-t£-]-ap-≈, bq-tdm-∏nse G‰hpw hm-b-\-°m-cp-≈ ]-{X-Øn-\v BZy-am-bn h-\n-Xm F-Un‰¿ BILD ]-{XØn-s‚ F-Un-‰-dm-bn Npa-X-e G‰-Xv ap∏-sØ-´p-Im-cn S-\n-Sv tIm-jv BWv. BIv-k¬ kv-{]n-ß¿ {Kq-∏n¬ s]-´-Xm-Wv _n¬-Uv ]-{Xw. 29 e-£w tIm-∏n k¿-°p-te-j≥ D-≈ ]-{X-sØ kw-_-‘n-®n-S-tØm-fw C-sXm-cp hn-π-hw-X-s∂-bmWv. ss]-¶nfn, ssewKn-I hm¿-Ø-I-fm-Wv ]-{X-sØ \-s√m-cp hn-`m-Kw hm-b-\°m¿-°v {]n-b-s∏-´-Xm-°n-bn-´p-≈Xv.

ssN-\-bn¬ dn-t∏m¿-´n-ßv A-]-I-S-I-c-am-Ip-∂p

A-]-ISw, {]-Ir-Xn-Zp-c-¥w F-∂n-h-bv°v ]pd-sa t]m-eo-kp-am-bn _-‘s∏-´ hm¿-Ø-Iƒ°pw km-aq-lyam-b A-kzmÿyw D-≠m-°p-∂ G-Xv hm¿Ø-bv-°pw ]pXn-b hy-h-ÿ _m-[-IamWv. CØ-cw hm¿-Ø sIm-Sp-°p∂-X√, A-hm-kv-X-h hn-h-c-ßƒ tN¿-°p-∂-XmWv Ip‰w. in-£ G-gv h¿-jw h-sc X-S-hv.

----------------------------

Zp-c-¥-ß-sf-Ip-dnt®m ]-I¿-®-hym-[n-I-sf Ipdnt®m sIm-Sp-°p-∂ hm¿-Ø A-hm-kv-X-h-am-bn-cp-∂p F-∂v sX-fn-bn-°-s∏-´m¬ dn-t∏m¿-´¿-am¿°v ITn-\-in£ \¬-Im≥ hy-h-ÿ sN-øp-∂ \nb-aw \-hw-_¿ H∂n-\v {]m-_-ey-Øn¬ h-∂p.

A-]-ISw, {]-Ir-Xn-Zp-c-¥w F-∂n-h-bv-°v ]pd-sa t]m-eo-kp-am-bn _-‘-s∏-´ hm¿-Ø-Iƒ°pw km-aqlyam-b A-kzmÿyw D-≠m-°p-∂ G-Xv hm¿-Ø-bv°pw ]pXn-b hy-h-ÿ _m-[-I-amWv. CØ-cw hm¿-Ø sIm-Sp-°p-∂-X√, A-hm-kv-X-h hn-h-c-ßƒ tN¿-°p-∂XmWv Ip‰w. in-£ G-gv h¿-jw h-sc X-S-hv. P-\m-[n-]-Xy cm-Py-ß-fn¬ \n-e-hn-ep-≈X-cw A`n-{]m-b-kzm-X-{¥yw C√m-Ø-Xp-sIm-≠v K-h-s◊-‚ n-\v A-h¿ C-„-s∏-Sp-∂ hm¿-Ø- am-{X-ta am-[y-a-ß-fn¬ hcp-∂p-≈q F-∂v D-d-∏p-h-cp-Øp-I-bm-Wv CØ-cw \n-b-a\n¿-am-W-ß-fp-sS D-t±-iy-sa-∂v A-¥m-cmjvv{S ]-{X-kzmX-{¥y {]-ÿm-\-am-b I-Ωn-‰n Sp s{]m-´-Iv-‰v tP-W-en-Ãvkv A-`n-{]m-b-s∏´p. kz-X-{¥ ]-{X-{]-h¿-Ø-I-sc-bpw tªm-K¿-am-scbpw \n-b-{¥n-°p-∂-Xn-\p-≈ ]p-Xn-sbmcp X-{¥-am-WnXv. \n-b-a-Øn-se ]e hy-h-ÿ-Ifpw A-hy‡-ß-fm-b-Xp-sIm-≠v G-XpX-cw hm¿-Ø-sbbpw in£-bv-°v Im-c-W-am-°n-tb-°mw. h-en-b Zp-c-¥-ß-fn¬ t]m-epw B-f-]m-b-Øn-s‚ IW-°v H-fn-®p-sh°p-I k¿-°m-dn-s‚ km-[m-c-W co-Xn-bm-W.v CØ-cw kw`hß-fn¬ kz-¥-am-bn A-t\zj-Ww \S-Øn B-sc-¶nepw kXyw I-s≠-Øp∂-Xv X-S-bp-I-bm-Wv ]pXn-b N-´-Øns‚ D-t±-iy-sa-∂v kn.]n.sP. Ip-‰-s∏-Sp-Øn.

ap-Xn¿∂ am[y-a-{]-h¿Ø-I\pw tImf-anÃpw tIcf aoUnb A°m-Z-an-bpsS ap≥ sNb¿am-\p-amWv teJ-I≥. C˛-sabn¬: nprindran@gmail.com \hw-_¿ 2015

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A J. V. Vil’anilam

Students’ Corner

New

MEDIA Theory for

INDIA? A

s the largest democracy in the world, India has a very strong democratic media structure with a fairly free press. It has thousands of newspapers and magazines; over 800 feature films are produced every year, and a few hundred documentaries reaching millions of viewers every week; hundreds of radio and television channels; millions of listeners and viewers using them; and several million Internet connections, and social media such as YouTube, Face-Book and Twitter. But India needs many more media units and a widespread media culture extending to all corners of the country since our media diffusion rate is far behind that in many countries. There is also a need for a strong media policy. Some people are of the opinion that India should have a new Normative Theory for media based on the needs of a nascent nation with just 65 years of existence as a politically democratic \hw-_¿ 2015

(21) nation, and as a socioeconomically and culturally independent entity. Media in a new nation should contribute substantially to nation-building through communication support irrespective of political ideologies that engender party politics. This should not be wrongly interpreted as kowtowing to government policies or as a policy of placating those in power at any given time. Historically, India is an ancient nation with a 5000-year-old civilization, but certain wrong attitudes have taken strong roots in people’s minds as far as basic issues are concerned. A dispassionate analysis of the social structure in India and people’s attitude to fellow-beings will reveal a very unscientific handling of human relations. There are myths that do not support the democratic spirit; they simply extol the virtue of monarchy and central authority. Constitutions says all men (and women) are created equal and they are entitled to the same privileges of life-sustenance, equal protection and treatment. All people are nurtured by the same Nature according to certain

universal principles of gravitation, geology, biology, ecology, physiology, physics, chemistry, sociology and human relations. This underlying principle has not yet become part of the thinking process or the intrapersonal system of a large number of the elite and the masses. As we have seen elsewhere when we discussed the democratic participant media theory, the press/media is crucial to the building of a democratic society. Education and Communication/Information are two strong pillars along with the Legislature, Executive and Judiciary. All these pillars of democracy are essential for holding the roof of a democratic society. But the continued sustenance of democracy depends on the free press/media. All liberties are protected by the free media; if the media fail in exposing the faults and frailties of the other wings of government, the democratic system will fail. Our hoary past is sometimes a disadvantage because wrong rules evolved in times of ignorance about many things, if will harm society and pull it backward. Such rules cannot continue for long. For example, it is silly to hold the ridiculous view that some human beings come from the head, some others from the torso and the large majority from the belly or the feet of the Creator. We know that humans come from the bodily union between the male and the female of the human species. There is, of course, a great need for people with different skills to do essential services in society, but Chandaal’as, S’udras and other so-called “lower-caste” sections of society are not to be considered specially suited for certain types of work but as essentially human just like others; they are not to be treated as people born to do all the dirty work and confine themselves to certain areas of the town, living as Untouchables who can even “electronically” pollute others by merely crossing their path or being seen by a high-caste biped! Indians have not completely gotten rid of this ancient mindset even in the 21st century. In modern democratic nations, a Brahmin may work as a scavenger or sweeper if forced by circumstances, and a Chandaal’a can work as an \hw-_¿ 2015

(22) administrator or a highranking army man, provided he or she satisfies all the requirements of the job. All beings are equal before the eyes of God and Mammon! But invariably we ask for “caste” and “sub-caste” at the time of kindergarten or primary school admission. The socioeconomic status of the applicant is not as important as his or her educational background or physical and mental fitness to do a particular job. And for school admissions, for heaven’s sake, it should be made mandatory for every educational institution to drop the query about caste and sub-caste of a candidate who comes to the school as a knowledge-seeker! Look at another example. Why are the poor dying in thousands when an uncontrollable flood sweeps away their quarters and why only dozens from the privileged classes and castes die in such natural disasters? The answer is: Because, the poor as a rule are quartered in more precarious circumstances in dilapidated homes. We have not yet felt the need for protecting the poor from the ravages of Nature, again because of the callousness of the high caste, the rich and the privileged who live in safer environments and have the power and the privilege to allocate the necessary funds . What is needed is this realization and the implementation of an educational policy that promotes equality, fraternity and liberty of thought and expression. This is where the media of public communication have to become imbued with

\hw-_¿ 2015

the principles of service to society. And this will happen only when media are directed by people who are willing to look at the new society in India as a society where all citizens have equal human rights. Currently we see how the rich and the privileged in India are manning (“womanning” too) the majority of the media organizations? The two most dangerous characteristics of the Indian society are religious obscurantism and perpetuation of the caste system. Swami Vivekananda, Jyotiba Phule, Pandita Ramabai, Mahatma Gandhi and B. R. Ambedkar and many other great men and women of India have tried their best to do away both these dangers from Indian society. Unfortunately, their efforts have not succeeded as we can see how castes and sub-castes continue to fight against one another even in the 21st century. Inter-caste marriages have become fatal! Independence of thinking and choice is denied with vengeance and retribution. What is the lesson we can learn from the tragic events occurring in different parts of the country? We have not yet learnt the art or science of looking at others with the democratic spirit of “live and let live.” Life is sacred and it belongs to every individual, man or woman. Every human being needs protection of his sacred possession— LIFE. Governments have to give this privilege to every citizen who respects law and order, namely, THE PROTECTION of LIFE. Governments’ capitulation to communalism and religious obscurantism is the most dangerous thing that can happen in a modern democracy. The big Indian media —newspapers, magazines, the electronic media and even the social media (as proved recently in the Muzaffar Nagar communal violence in U. P.) have lost their political judgment and economic independence in recent years.

(23) who finance them. The media should re-assert some of the independence which they usually claim as their great asset and heritage. They should use their independent judgment and resist the efforts of “managers of news and controllers of information,” according to McQuail. Anthony Smith, The Age of Behemoths: The Globalization of Mass Media Firms, New York: Twentieth Century Fund, 1991. J. H. Altschull, The Agents of Power: The Role of News Media in Human Affairs, New York: Longmans, 1984. Denis McQuail in his forward to J. V. Vilanilam, Reporting a Revolution, New Delhi: SAGE, 1989.

They are firmly wedded to their profit-oriented, commercial activities, including nonmedia or extra-media interests. They have grown into mammoth organizations— ”behemoths”, a term used by Anthony Smith while describing big media in the Western world.* Oligopolistic groups are controlling the media all over the world and India is no exception. This has serious consequences for media’s independence, unfettered adherence to truth, and unbiased communication. According to Altschull**, the media are no longer independent actors, although they have the potential to exercise independent judgment. The general trend in the media reflects the interests of those

In this context, it is relevant to cite a reader’s views about newspapers in India, although they are not quite applicable to all newspapers of the country all the time. We have to admit that generally speaking, Indian newspapers have lost some of the qualities they used to have during the pre-1947 years. As the reader observes, political news gets major attention now. One may add that inaugurations and dedications by government ministers and senior bureaucrats, with ministers’ and officials’ pictures and speeches fill two or three pages every day. Views from the public are confined to the feature, Readers’ Letters and an Open Page in some newspapers. Some others do not give any attention to readers’ opinions. There is very little news from rural areas and small towns in most newspapers unless there is some crime or natural disaster in those areas, mainly because most newspapers are produced in metropolitan cities, industrial towns and suburbs of large cities. But it is the small towns and rural areas that need the most attention because the large majority of India’s teeming millions live and work there. Their miserable conditions of living and working are to be discussed in newspapers on a daily basis, with follow-up reports on what actions remain to be taken owing to official indifference. Reports about schemes and projects launched by the Central and State governments for people’s welfare are to be followed up until they are completed. Such surveillance is expected of all media but unfortunately, there is no sustained reporting about people’s problems and their solutions. Our media are not doing this because the media owners look upon the media for selling more of wanted and unwanted products. The media in rich developed countries have a different set of priorities and those priorities are not our priorities. What is really happening in the media world of developing countries is media owners’ competition to project the impression that we are in the path of development. Our media tend to forget that substantial percentage of our population is still poor and \hw-_¿ 2015

(24) The other major problem confronting the world is denial of human rights. There are constant violations of human rights in the world, particularly in the historically underdeveloped regions, nationally and globally. The violations including unbalanced gender relations and suppression of the weak, the meek and the poor by mighty, the haughty and the rich.

miserable, eking out their existence with an income of half a U. S. dollar a day! Thousands of new media units have to emerge in all parts of India—not huge conglomerates but small units started by people in each Panchayat so that people’s problems are brought to the public sphere and development efforts are supported by media units. Our national and local problems are too big to be left to a few media or media professionals. Most of our media workers concentrate their attention on politicians and their activities, with an occasional glance at the rural areas, especially when some crime occurs there. Globalization takes away the national character of media fare and media experience. Let us not forget that poverty is still the Number One Problem in the world. All other problems emerge from poverty and hence our communication strategy and policy should not ignore the fundamental causes of poverty. \hw-_¿ 2015

• • • •

Whatever that be, it is only proper to be concerned about the following: • Concentration of media ownership and monopoly • Cross media ownership and conglomeration with non-media business • Quality of news and information • National security and international insecurity • Vitiation of social order through social media • National culture and international intrusion Decency, morality and cultural norms Media in the service of national development and in the interest of national poverty and attendant miseries. Recognition of communication as a human right. Small-scale rural media without competition with existing urban media, purely as service to the people.

Professor Dr.J. V. Vil’anilam was Vice-Chancellor (1992-1996) and Head of the Department of Communication & Journalism (1982-1992) at the University of Kerala. As Professor Emeritus of the UGC he has taught at Berhampur, Bhopal, Bhubaneswar, Calicut, Dharwar, and Mangalore universities from 1996 onwards. Visit his website: www.vilanilam.com.

Doyen’s Pen

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Arun Shourie

Things to do about the

PRESS The Premise of democratic governance is that the people will decide. But what will be the character of the decisions they will take when instead of being informed, inspired, when necessary enraged to act on issues, they are distracted and merely entertained? The notion that journalists must merely be “good professionals” is only a little less pernicious. Albert Speer was a good professional. An assassin is no poorer a professional in his marksmanship than a soldier. The new skills, the new technology, unless permeated by a sense of public purpose will end up enticing us away from the issues which we in any case do not want to face. They will therefore make us even less able to improve our condition. This ideology of professionalism undermines all a sense of proportion, of all sense of purpose beyond that of getting the applause of one’s peers and the audience. On this criterion purveying gossip about film stars well is as laudable as purveying facts about the North-east well. The consequences are immediate and disastrous, not the least for the professional himself. Professionalism — specially good professionalism — puffs up the professional. He begins to insist that as he is such a good professional he is entitled to more than the ordinary citizen, and that he is entitled to special privileges merely because he is such a good professional — privileged access for one, the right to be taciturn about his assertions, for

another — and he is entitled to them even though he is neglecting the duties that are his as an ordinary citizen. Similarly, professionalism - specially among the ones who come to excel at their job — gives the successful an exaggerated importance of their job, of continuing to be successful

at it. Thus, for instance, even the best journalists muffle what they have to say on the rationalization that they must preserve their access to the forum at all costs. This is one danger — commercialism, consumerism, the philosophy of being merely “good professionals”. Opportunism The other danger is even more serious. It is opportunism. It is, of course, true that in journalism as in other professions we \hw-_¿ 2015

(26) have long had opportunists. But in the last few years two things have converted opportunism into a grave danger. First, in the press as in other spheres of life the tentacles of the State — in practice this means the tentacles of those who are occupying the offices of State from time to time have spread far and deep. Journalists are being offered and are lapping up all sorts of favours — trips, plots at concessional rates and much else. Many a politician has converted this purchase into an art. The result is that our papers are full of stories planted by these politicians. Naturally, politicians are not the only ones who practice the art. Business companies, foreign governments do just as much and as effectively. Among governments, for instance, communist countries have been in the business long, they have a veritable stable of journalists and magazines who will put out what they suggest or what they need to have put out. Business companies do the same. Among journalists they are known by the gifts that can be expected from them. The consequences are before us. It isn’t just that the press does not take up issues of vital interest to the public weal — for \hw-_¿ 2015

Arun Shourie Arun Shourie, one of India’s most uncompromising and renowned journalist, was born in Jalandar, on 2 November 1941. He is well known for introducing a new style of aggressive, independent and investigative journalism to India. He studied at Modern School, Barakhamba and St. Stephen’s in Delhi and obtained his doctorate in Economics from Syracuse University in the United States and worked for the World Bank from 1967 to 1978. Simultaneously, between 1972–74, he was a consultant to the Indian Planning Commission and it was around this time that he began writing articles as a journalist, criticizing economic policy. He became a fellow of the Indian Council of Social Science Research in 1976. He has uncovered scandals and corruption in the Indian political scene, including what has been dubbed as the ‘India Watergate’. In 1975, during The Emergency imposed by then prime minister, Indira Gandhi, Shourie began writing for the Indian Express in opposition to what he saw as an attack on civil liberties. The newspaper, owned by Ramnath Goenka, was a focal point for the government’s efforts at censorship. In January 1979, Goenka appointed Shourie as executive editor of the newspaper, giving him a carte blanche to do with it as he saw fit. He developed a reputation as an intelligent, fearless writer and editor who campaigned for freedom of the press, exposed corruption and defended civil liberties Among the many battles Shourie fought for press freedom, perhaps the most famous was his crusade against the government’s proposal in 1988 to introduce a defamation bill. It was widely believed that the bill had been introduced with unusual speed in Parliament in an attempt to muzzle The Indian Express, and the entire media community joined Shourie and The Indian Express in condemning the move. A prolific writer, he has written several articles and books including Worshipping False Gods a n d The World of Fatwas. Shourie was a winner of the Ramon Magsaysay Award in 1982, in the Journalism, Literature and Creative Communication Arts category as “a concerned citizen employing his pen as an effective adversary of corruption, inequality and injustice. In 2000, he was named as one of the International Press Institute’s World Press Freedom Heroes. He has also been named International Editor of the Year Award and was awarded The Freedom to Publish Award.

(27) instance, the way Dhirubai Ambani prostituted institution after institution, was taken up by hardly any paper other than the Indian Express. A Code In the past whenever a politician has proposed a code of conduct for the press, my reaction, like that of so many others in the press, has been; “Why don’t the politicians formulate and enforce a code for themselves?” I had the apprehension that the code would become another stick in the hand of the politician. The moment there was a code, I felt — even a one line code, “You shall report the truth, the whole truth and nothing but the truth” — pressmen would be put to proving to somebody else’s satisfaction that they were abiding by the code. The politicians would find it easier to manipulate that somebody — or those few bodies — that to manipulate a numerous and varied press. The only result, I feared, would be that the press would be put even more on the defensive. So, there is much to improve and improve the press we must. First, India is one of the few societies in which free expression and discussion have the opportunity to make a difference. There is scarcely a country outside North America and Western Europe that affords the pressman the freedom that we enjoy in India. We often make much noise about this restriction or that, about this “pressure” from the Government or that but it is only when we encounter evidence of, say, psychiatric hospitals in the Soviet Union or when we read Jacob Tiberman’s account of the conditions that an honest pressman has to contend with in Argentina that we get a glimpse of what real restrictions and real pressure mean. In India by the contrast “restrictions” mean laws that are in fact helpfully worded, that are in any case not enforced; “pressure” means a telephone call from a more or less fraternal official. Moreover, the record shows that there are many points of strength in the press on which one can build. Over the last few years on one issue after another the press has been associated with reform in our public life. If blindings are not state policy today, if the murder of citizens in “encounters” has fallen in Uttar Pradesh or Tamil Nadu, if a momentary victory has been won here and there against malfeasance, the press has had a hand in the outcome. It isn’t just that there are these nodes of strength but that their being in the press is particularly helpful. The press is an infectious trade, it is more of a public profession than most, so that if a few journalists in one

paper conduct themselves in an exemplary way others have to follow suit, in a little measure may be, but at least in that vital little measure. Hence the possibilities of improvement. Finally, it isn’t just that the press can be improved, a code of conduct can be one good device for improving it. Again, there are negative as well as positive reasons for this. Victims of the press are seldom in a position to fight back. As the relationship of a pressman to his victim is often of potential blackmail, as the latter is able

to engineer to have the last word, as given their procedures it is so enormously difficult to bring them to book through courts there is much to be said for putting the relationship between the two a bit more at par. Hence a code. As in so many matters, there scarcely is a better guide for preparing such a code than Gandhiji. Reflecting on the counsel he explicitly set out for newspapers and pressmen from time to time, reflecting even more on what he himself did with the publications he supervised, I set out a code for pressmen which addresses itself to the lacunae listed above: The Code I affirm that an open society is imperative \hw-_¿ 2015

(28) for India, not so much for the rich as for the poor and for all who work for transforming our society in the interest of the poor. I therefore subscribe to and I shall fight for the institutions of an open society. I believe that a free press is an essential instrument for maintaining our society as an open one and also for reforming it, for to reform society we must first inform the people. I affirm that I shall be a citizen first and last and not a mere professional; in particular I shall not claim for myself any more than I would urge for the ordinary citizen; but simultaneously being a citizen, I shall wholeheartedly and relentlessly devote myself to the public weal. As in a society where the overwhelming millions are mute, the access to a forum that reaches large numbers is a privilege; as the use of the forum can have considerable consequence - both for good and ill I shall view my work as a trust to be exercised on behalf of the people. In particular: I shall not use my access to the forum for personal gain nor shall I let personal enmity distort what I write. I shall use the forum for the good of the people at large and not to advance any sectional interests including in the latter the interests of the press or any part thereof. The basis in Gandhi The code sketched above is Gandhian in several senses. First it aims at two eminently Gandhian objectives. The first objective is that of subserving mere professionalism to a larger purpose — recall Gandhiji’s severe strictures against lawyers in the Hind Swaraj — of urging a sense of responsibility as citizens. Next, given the good fortune that one has in having access to platforms which have such a wide reach in a country where millions cannot read and write, where millions are mute, given the fact that the relationship of a pressman to his subject can always be of potential blackmail, the second objective is to put pressmen and their victims a bit more at par than they are at the present moment. Moreover, the Code rests on four premises which, too, are Gandhian. First, it was Gandhiji’s view that, apart from the fact that it is everyone’s duty to work for the general good of the community, even from the parochial point of view of a specific institution, say the press, service to the community is the best way for the institution to safeguard itself against assault: the best way for the press to safeguard its freedom is to take up issues which are of concern to the people so that when it is attacked the people feel that an instrument vital to their wellbeing is being undermined. Constraints Within: Next, he taught that an institu\hw-_¿ 2015

tion, a movement grows not by the demands it makes on others but by the demands it makes on itself, on its members. This is specially true in the case of the press in India today because the operative constraints on it arise not from external sources but from within. The third Gandhian premise on which the Code rests is that the formulation of rules of conduct, of norms should not be diluted because of some supposed notions of what is practical and what is not. If norms are thus diluted the battle will be lost even before it is begun. Euclid’s point without breadth or length, Gandhiji used to recall, is not realizable in practice and yet, he would say again and again, an entire geometry had been founded with it as a postulate; and what seems utopian today, he would say, comes to pass tomorrow. Fourth, Gandhiji’s operational premise as well as his experience was that if a few abide by the ideal others are likely to follow suit. This is more likely to the case in a trade which is as much a public affair as the press. But while this was Gandhiji’s operational premise as well as his experience he would caution that one’s adherence to an ideal should not be governed by this possibility, by this prospect of results. Ideals are worth pursuing in themselves for their pursuit alone endows our work with meaning. Finally, the Code is Gandhian in that almost each specific element of the Code is derived not just from reflecting upon the current state of the press but directly from Gandhiji’s writings on the press and related matters — in particular, from his writings during the Rowlatt agitation. The reader will perhaps have his favorite incident or passage from Gandhiji’s life and writings to which the elements can be directly traced. Thus, the watchword for pressmen must be introspection. The watchwords for readers must be skepticism. And for those who are working to transform our society the watchword must be the counsel that Gandhiji gave in his article about the Lokmanya ruling our hearts without pen and speech. Article appeared in Public Union of Civil Liberties, Bulletin August, 1990

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INDIAN WOMEN IN

JOURNALISM

Shoma A. Chatterji

he percentage of women in Indian journalism has been rising every day spanning the many areas of media ranging from print through radio, television and the Internet. Women have taken leading roles in news channels and even on the boards of some national newspapers of course, via family ties the paper already has. This is not confined to the English media but reaches out far and wide to embrace the languages recognized by the Indian constitution and has publications or channels or stations delivering in these languages. The rise in new technology has widened to include women journalists who have broadened their skills and developed expertise in several different

types of media. Growth opportunities for women in the media are available. Women who have already achieved top positions are generally bringing others along and encouraging a new generation of women media leaders. But the road to the top, especially for women in the South Asian media which includes India is not a smooth one. This does not mean that barriers and obstacles to success women face each day cannot be met and surmounted with success. Gone are the days when journalism was considered to be a predominantly male domain. There were women who were strong and bold and succeeded in their careers but in terms of numbers, they formed a fractional percentage of men in the field. Few however, could reach the top of the \hw-_多 2015

(30) pyramid even if they were sufficiently qualified, had long track records and had done some wonderful work. Homai Vyarawalla was India’s very first woman photojournalist. She journeyed through the evolution of the camera as a technical innovation, the fluid and slow changes that came in the process of still photography and the treatment and approach to subject/ s, events and landscapes photographed. Vyarawalla’s political photographs are a vivid document of the turbulent years that heralded and followed Independence. Her striking images of the death of Gandhiji and the visits of international dignitaries such as Ho Chi Minh, Queen Elizabeth and Jackie Kennedy are stamped forever in public memory. Prabha Dutt, late mother of today’s fiery journalist Barkha Dutt began her training with Hindustan Times, Delhi in

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1964. But after her internship, the editor informed her that the newspaper organization did not employ women. When they changed their rules to include women, she barged into the editor’s office demanding a job. She got it. In course of time, she became the first woman chief reporter of a national daily. Today, her daughter Barkha holds an enviable position in a national news channel anchoring talk shows and panel discussions, covering intensive and extensive field work and so on. But the story has not changed much from the time women could not access top jobs in media organizations in spite of their expertise and their qualifications. Even today, in most newsrooms across the world the leaders who head media organizations or edit news channels or papers are man. Though women comprise more than half the world’s population, men routinely decide what news they should hear and read. What is the impact on women when the news is constantly reported from a male point of view? In other words, every news story or investigative report is bound to be coloured by the patriarchal mindsets of the males never mind how liberated or prowomen or progressive they are. Sample this: Whoever controls

(31) assignments, whoever decides how a story is going to be covered, whoever decides what placement that story gets in a newspaper or over the airwaves, is not only shaping content of news, but is deciding what readers and listeners know and how they know it. Media leaders are not just industry leaders, they have the power to shape society’s attitudes. In a democracy like India, the media is also known as the Fourth Estate that is the invisible but very powerful fourth arm of the three government machineries – the legislative, the executive and the judiciary. Till the late 1980s, women reporters in most Indian dailies were barred from doing night duty which was a double-edged disadvantage for the women. One, they lost out on the stories that came on the teleprinter before the computer age, late in the night. Two, since they had no access to high voltage news stories that filtered in the night, their promotions were automatically either halted or slowed down. In one newspaper in Mumbai, the women reporters, numbering one less than the figure for men, approached the editor to demand night duty. They were told that the office did not consider it safe for women to do night duty as they had to go home at unearthly hours of the morning. Another hollow reason was that the newspaper office did not have separate toilets women journalists could report to at night and had to go downstairs which could be unsafe. But they insisted stating that their ‘safety’ was their concern and that

Indira Gandhi and Jacqueline Kennedy

Tanu Sharma

they would not lose out on promotions because of some out-dated office rule. They had to give a fight but ultimately, they won their cause and doors to night duty for women opened followed by other publication offices subsequently. However, though electronic media like television and also the internet has removed these antique barriers for women journalists, problems continue to dog them at every step. Sometimes, the social taboos that sustain in a given region, say some pockets in Punjab and Haryana and UP where families do not permit girls and women to enter into journalism as a profession, have their impact on the girls themselves who would shy away from stepping into a career their families did not approve of or that might stand in the way of their marriage as the other family would be similarly conditioned. Many women in metro cities like Kolkata, Mumbai, Delhi, Chennai and so on are forced to give up a good career as a journalist because their marriage or a transfer in the husband’s job makes it impossible for \hw-_¿ 2015

(32) them to continue at their own jobs. This has signed the end of many a bright career of a woman journalist. Men, on the other hand, have no such problems to face. One report on women journalists in India points out that woman from small towns and rural areas who migrate to the cities with a journalist’s job find safe and good accommodation a big hindrance towards continuing at the job. Many girls from modern and progressive families are ready to leave their cities in search of employment in publications and news channels and radio stations. But the dearth of working women’s hostels in big cities create blocks in their careers. The report statues that due to non-availability of such hostels they end up living in dingy rooms in narrow lanes of urban villages like Munirka, Zia Sarai, Vinod Nagar and Mukherjee Nagar, Ber Sarai in South Delhi. If Delhi is in this condition, one shudders to think the situation in other Indian cities. Non cooperative roommates, unhygienic food and substandard accommodation are other problems women must face. Other more serious issues are those of gender discrimination at the workplace while assigning stories or giving promotions or changing beats that hinder the rise of women in the profession even if they are very good at it. Tanu Sharma, 31, an anchor with INDIA TV tries to commit suicide by consuming poison because she had constant disputes with some in the organization. She claimed that a SMS she had sent to a staff member was taken as her resignation and she was not allowed to enter the office the following day. The channel offered the convenient excuse that she was suffering from depression and the matter ended there. But her messages on a social networking site clearly made allegations against senior channel officials who were hatching a conspiracy against her. The Tarun Tejpal case of sexual harassment of a female colleague is still fresh on the pages of every print media in the country to be able to easily wipe it under the carpet of convenience. The aforementioned report states that the case has triggered a media \hw-_¿ 2015

debate about silence over the harassment of women at their places of work. India’s working women often face sexual harassment from colleagues, managers or employers, yet few report these cases, fearful of losing their jobs or facing persecution simply for speaking out, gender rights activists say. Women journalists are often barred, subtly and indirectly from pursuing and filing ‘hard core” stories such a criminal cases and set off for lifestyle and glamour stories which are “safe” and more ‘womanfriendly.’ They forget that in addition to a different approach to reporting the news, women decision-makers may also change the rate at which women appear as subjects of the news and how they are portrayed by the media. Yet, the bright light at the end of the dark channel shows that a critical mass of women in leadership posts, it is now possible to find women who have moved into top media management and discover what contributions they are making. .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

The writer is a freelance journalist, author and film scholar based in Kolkata. She has authored 17 books and contributed to many compilations on cinema, family and gender. Email: shoma.chatterji@gmail.com

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^n¬ t]mØn-d-®n-bpsS iX-am\w F{XbmWv? ]iphpw Imfbpw XΩn¬ C°m-cy-Øn¬ hyXymk-apt≠m? tIc-f-Øn¬ \K-c-k-`, ]©m-bØp sXc-s™Sp∏p {]N-cWw NqSp-]n-Sn®p h∂ ka-b-ØmWv s]s´∂v Zn√n-bnse tIcfm lukn-se- A-Sp-°-f-bn¬ t]meokv Ibdn Cd-®n-°dn aW-Ø-Xv. Zn√n-bnse t]meokv tI{μk¿°m-cns‚ Iogn-em-Wv. Zn√n k¿°m-cns‚ hcp-Xn-°m-

c-√. CXv kocn-bkv {]iv\-amWv. s^U-d¬ kwhn[m-\-Øn\v FXn-cm-Wv. `c-W-L-S-\-bvs°-Xn-cm-Wv. temI-Ønse F√m cmjv{S-X-e-ÿm-\-ß-fnepw Fw_kn hf-∏p-I-fn¬ Bcp-sS-bmtWm Fw_kn B aXn¬s°-´n-\-IØv Ah¿°p ]q¿Æm-[n-Im-cam-Wv. AXp-t]m-se-bmWv tIcfm lukv th≠-Xv. AXv tIc-f-Øn-s‚-bm-Wv. AhnsS tI{μw Ib-dp∂Xv \ΩpsS auen-Im-h-Im-isØ tNmZyw sNø-

\hw-_¿ 2015

(36)

em-Wv. tIc-f-Ønse CSXpw heXpw ap∂-Wn-Iƒ kt¥m-j-ambn amdn amdn F√m-Øcw sXc-s™-Sp-∏pI-sfbpw hoXw hbv°p-∂-Xn-\n-S-bn¬ s]s´-∂mWv tI{μ-Øns‚ ]n¥p-W-tbmsS Hcp aq∂mw Iq´¿ CØhW Kuc-h-ambn F∂p tXm∂-Ø-°-hn[w cwK-{]thiw sNbvX-Xv. ]s≠ms° sXc-s™-Sp∏p Imew hcp-tºmƒ ]e hm¿Ø-Ifpw P\-Iob {]iv\-ßfmbn thmńs\ e£y-am°n hcm-dp-≠v. kv{Xo]o-U\w, Agn-a-Xn, cmjv{Sobs°me-]m-X-Iw, kz`m-h-l-Xy, `qan am^n-bm, ap√-s∏-cn-bm¿, ]®-°-dn-bnse hnjw, IpSn-sh-≈w, tdmUnse Ipgn, ]I¿®-hym-[n, kzm{ib hnZym-`ym-kw, hne-°-b-‰w, F∂p-th-≠, sFkv{Io-apw, sIms°m-t°m-f-bpw, Sm‰bpw hsc hcm-dp-≠v. ]t£ CØ-hW Ch-sb√mw A{]-k-‡-am°n aoUnbm aebm-fn-bpsS _o^v t{]asØ thm´-dpsS ap∂n¬ Db¿Øn°mń. F¥m-bmepw sh≈n-aqß BIvSo-hm-bn. \√ H∂mw-Xcw ae-bm-fn-bpsS \mhns\ am{X-a√, a\- n-s\bpw aYn-°p∂ _o^v \mb-I-\mbn Ie°n. ae-bm-f-`m-j-bn¬ ]ip-hn-d-®n, Imf-bn-d-®n, t]mØn-d-®n, Fcp-a-bn-d-®n, Igp-X-bn-d®n Fs∂√mw \√ \ma-ß-fp-≠v. ]t£, Cu Cd®n IrXy-ambn \ΩpsS ASp-°-f-bn-se-Øn-°p∂ Xan-g≥ AÆm®n Cu t]cp-Iƒ ]Tn-°m≥ {ian-°msX H‰-b-Sn°v kz¥w `mj-bnse amń-d®n F∂p t]mepw ]d-bmsX Cw•o-jn¬ _o^v F∂p F√m-‰n\pw IqSn Htc t]cn´v \ap°p Xcp-∂p. ]iphpw Imfbpw t]mØpw Fcp-abpw cpNn hyXymkw Af-°m-\p≈ am]n\n \yq P\-td-j≥ I≠p-]n-Sn-°p∂ Imew hsc Cu t]cnse A]-ISw \ne-\n¬°p∂ a´m-Wv. tKmam-Xm-hns‚ \hw-_¿ 2015

amwkw `£n-°m≥ hne-°p≈ lnμp Xo{h-hm-Zn-bv°pt]mepw At±-l-Øn\v G‰hpw {]nb-ap≈ t]mØnd®n Ign-°p-∂-Xn-\p≈ kzmX{¥yw C√m-Xm-bn. Cu Kuc-h-amb {]Xn-k-‘n-sb-°p-dn®v ck-I-c-amb _o^v N¿®-Iƒ Nm\-ep-I-fn-se√mw hmin-tbmsS sNøp-∂Xv Bkz-Zn®v CXv C∂sØ {][m\ hm¿Ø-bm-°n-bXn\p ]n∂nse _p≤n Bcp-tS-Xm-bn-cn-°p-sa∂v Nn¥n°p-I-bm-bn-cp∂ Fs∂ Fs‚ emÃv t]c-a-I≥ F´p hb pIm-c≥ AssZzXv ]pdØp Xń hnfn-®p. A∏q-∏m, Cu ]iqs\ sIm√p-∂Xv ]m]-a√ntbm? AssZzXv Ipsd t\c-ambn Fs‚ samss_-seSpØv Fs¥m-s°tbm Im´p-I-bm-Wv. hc-Ifpw ]Shpw \ndhpw i_vZhpw F√mw Iqń-°-e¿Øn anIvkv sNbvXv hoUntbm sKbnw-kns‚ Bth-i-tØmsS Ah≥ ]pXnb I≠p-]n-Sp-Ø-ßƒ \S-Øp-I-bm-Wv. ]pXnb Fs¥m-s°tbm krjvSn-°p-I-bm-Wv. CSbv°v tjm¿´v t{_°n¬ F\n°v Bthiw Xcp∂ Snhn Nm\¬ N¿® Ah≥ {i≤n-®n-cn-°-Ww. Rm≥, \ΩpsS Xe-ap-d-bpsS hnizmkw Ah-\nte°v ]I¿∂p. AsX. ]ip tKmam-Xm-h-√ntbm? AsX. tKmam-Xmhns\ sIm√p-∂-Xp-t]mse ]ip-°pńtbw Imftbw sIm√p-∂Xv ]m]-a-√ntbm? AsX. AXv tKmh¿§-am-Wv. ]m]-am-Wv. At∏mƒ t]mØnt\w ao\nt\w tImgnt\w sIm√p-∂tXm? AXpw ]m]-am-Wv. Poh-\p≈ F¥nt\w sIm√p∂Xv ]m]-am-Wv.

(37) bv°p-≠v. ]s£, AXn\v Hcp henb ssa\kv t]mbn‚p-≠v. hm¿Ø-bpsS D¤hhpw AXns‚ Ah-km-\hpw XΩn-ep≈ ka-b-ssZ¿Lyw Xosc C√. AXp ImcWw tP¿W-en-Ãn\v Xs‚ _p≤n D]tbm-Kn®v hm¿Øsb A]-{K-Yn-°m≥ A®Sn aoUn-bm-bn¬ Inń-bn-cp∂ CS-thf C∂n-√. sh≈n-aq-ß-Iƒ°v hm¿Ø D≠m°m\pw C√m-Xm-°m\pw C∂v Ffp-∏-amWv. (kn-\na ImWm-Ø-h¿°p-th≠n ]dbmw. sh≈n-aqß ASp-Øn-d-ßnb at\ml-c-amb tIcf cmjv{Sob Bt£-]lmky ae-bmf kn\n-a-bm-Wv. Xs‚ e£yw t\Sm-\mbn AXn cl-ky-ambn F√m-h-scbpw Ah¿°v H´pw kwibw hcmØ ań¬ Icp-hm°n hnP-bn-°p∂ t\Xm-hn-s\-bmWv sh≈naqß F∂p ]ns∂ F¥n-\m. ]iqs\ am{Xw sIm∂p Xn∂m≥ ]mSn√m∂v ]d-bp-∂Xv? Cu aXm-Nm-c-ß-fpsS A¿∞w Ipń-Iƒ°p ]d-™p-sIm-Sp-°m≥ {ian-®-h-scms° Ah-cpsS kwi-bßƒ°p adp-]Sn \¬Im≥ ]‰msX Ipg-ßn-bn-t´-bp-≈p. ]memgn IS-™t∏mƒ kpc`n F∂ AΩ-∏ip h∂Xpw \ap°v ssZhw X∂n-´p≈ Ggv AΩ-am-cn¬ {][m-\n-bmWv tKmam-Xm-sh∂pw F√mw F\n°p ]d™p sImSp-°m-\-dn-bmw. ]s£, Ah\v Xr]vXn-bmIn√ Ah-km\w C\n tNmZyw tNmZn-®m¬ ssZhw tIm]n°pw F∂p t]Sn-∏n®v apXn¿∂-h¿ Xe-ap-d-I-fmbn IpńIsf HXp-°p-∂- sS-Iv\n°v {]tbmKn-t°-≠n-h-cpw. F\n-°Xp Fs‚ t]c-°p-ń-tbmSv Im´m≥ a\-°cpØp h∂n-√. Rm≥ Nm\¬ am‰n. Cu kw`hw aoUn-bm-bn¬ sshdem-°n-b-Xn\p ]n∂nse _p≤n-ams\ C∂sØ `mj-bn¬ sh≈n-aqß F∂p hnfn-°pw. A®Sn aoUn-bmbv°v C√m-Xncp∂ ]e πkv t]mbn‚p-Ifpw hnjz¬ aoUn-bm-

hnfn-°p-∂-Xv). aoUn-bmbv°v sh≈n-aq-ß-Isf ImWm-\p≈ i‡n C∂sØ X¬k-ab dnbmIvj≥ {]m[m-\y-ap≈ ssien-bn¬ Ipd™p hcn-IbmtWm? C∂v P\m-[n-]Xy hyh-ÿ-bpsS hnPbw P\-Øns\ Ah-cmWv cmPyw `cn-°p-∂-sX∂pw cmjv{Sob t\Xr-Xz-Øns\ Ah-cmWv cmPyw `cn-°p-∂-sX∂pw hniz-kn-∏n-®n-cn-°p∂ ÿnXn \ne-\n¿ØpI F∂-XnseØn \n¬°p-I-bm-Wv. `cn-°p∂ Iq´¿°v \nb-a-k-`-bnse FXn¿]£-amWv icn°pw Xß-fpsS i{Xp-°ƒ F∂v aoUnbm hgn tXm∂n-∏n°-Ww. P\-Øn\pw AtX hnizmkw aoUnbm \¬I-Ww. hmkvX-hØn¬ \nb-a-k-`-Iƒ, Akw-ªnbpw ]m¿e-sa‚pw a‰pw Hcp \mS-I-th-Znbmbn amdn-s°m-≠n-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. sSen-hn-j-\nse X¬k-ab Zriyßƒ ImWp-tºmƒ P\w Ahn-SpsØ {]h¿Ø-\-ßƒ kpXm-cy-amsW∂v [cn®p sIm≈pw. Ahn-SpsØ F√m IYm-]m-{X-ßfpw \mbIcpw. ta°∏pw kv{In]v‰pw Bcpw {i≤n-°m≥ ]mSn-√. F¥p-sIm≠v aoUnbm C¥y≥ P\m-[n-]-Xy-Ønse G‰hpw alØmb Hcp Im¬hbv]ns\ ImWmsX t]mIp∂p? \ΩpsS `c-W-L-S\ A\p-k-cn®v tI{μ kwÿm\ k¿°m-cp-Ifn¬ cmjv{SobI£n-Isf ASn-ÿm-\-am-°nb P\m-[n-]-Xy-co-Xn-bmWv \ne-\n¬°p-∂-Xv. ]s£ aq∂mw Xe k¿°m-cmb tIm¿∏-td-j≥, \Kc-k-`, ]©m-b-Øp-I-fn¬ ÿnXn -hn-`n-∂-am-Wv. ChnsS cmjv{Sob

\hw-_¿ 2015

(38)

I£n A{]-k-‡-am-Wv. tab¿/sU]yqń tab-sd-bpw, ap\nkn-∏¬ sNb¿am≥/sshkv sNb¿am-s\-bpw, ]©m-bØp {]kn-U‚ v/sshkv {]kn-U‚n-s\bpw sXc-s™-Sp-°-s∏´ F√m {]Xn-\n-[n-Ifpw tN¿∂mWv sXcs-™Sp-°p-∂-Xv. AXp-t]mse Hmtcm hIp-∏n-s‚bpw `c-W-®p-a-Xe hln-t°≠Xv `qcn-]-£-I-£n-bpsS t\Xm-°-f-√. ]Icw Hmtcm hIp∏n\pw `cWw \S-Øm≥ Hcp Ãm≥UnwKv IΩn‰n D≠v. Btcm-Kyw, hnI-k-\w. hnZym-`ym-kw, [\-Im-cyw, acm-a-Øv, sh¬s^-b¿ F∂n-ßs\ Hmtcm hIp-∏n\pw ÿncw kan-XnIƒ. Cu kan-Xn-bn¬ k`-bpsS F√m `mK-Øp-\n-∂p-ap-≈hcpw AwK-ß-fm-Wv. Hmtcm Iu¨kn-edpw ]©m-b-Øp-saºdpw GsX-¶nepw Hcp hIp-∏nse Ãm≥UnwKv IΩn-‰n-bn¬ AwK-am-Wv. AXm-bXv Hmtcm saºdpw `c-W-Øn¬ ]¶m-fnbm-Wv. AXm-bXv, F√m-hcpw `c-W-]-£-am-Wv. {]Xn-]-£-an√. hmkvX-h-Øn¬ Xt±-i-sX-c-s™-Sp-∏p-Iƒ I£n cln-Xam-bn-cn-°-W-sa∂ Bibw Nne kwÿm-\-ßƒ {]mh¿ØnI-am-°n-bn-´p-≠v. ]s£ tIc-f-Øn¬ AØ-c-samcp Nn¥bv°p-t]mepw CSw Inń-bn-ń-√. \nb-a-Øn¬ hyhÿ C√mXn-cp-∂n´pw GsX-¶nepw Hcp cmjv{So-b-I£n Xß-fp-sSNn”w Hcp ÿm\m¿∞n°p \¬Im≥ Bh-iy-s∏-´m¬ AXp \¬Ip-∂Xv ]cn-K-Wn-°mw F∂ \njv°-f-¶-sa∂p tXm∂n-°p∂ dqfns‚ ad-hn¬ hmkvX-h-Øn¬ `c-W-L-S-\bpsS A¥- -Ø-sb-Øs∂ Xa-kv°-cn-°p-I-bt√ kw`-hn-®ncn-°p-∂Xv? Fs‚ Fd-Wm-Ip-fsØ kplr-Øv, D¥p-h≠n hn¬]-\°m-c≥ _nlmdn Ahn-ZKv[ sXmgn-emfn cmw Nc≥ A£-cm`ym-k-an-√. IW-°p-Iq-´m≥ IjvSn-®-dn-bmw. ]Øp sIm√-ambn tIc-f-Øn-em-Wv. B≠n-sem-cn-°¬ \mń¬ _nlm-dnse Dƒ\m-S≥ {Kma-Øn¬ t]mIpw. IpSpw_w Ahn-sS-bm-Wv. AhnsS Irjn-∏-Wn°v t]mIm-am-bn-cp-∂p. ]s£ sIm√Øn¬ IqSn-bm¬ Bdp amkta ]Wn D≠m-Iq. Znh-k-°qen IqSn-bm¬ \q‰-º-Xv. ChnsS kz¿§-am-Wv. Znhkw Adp-\qdp Fgp-\qdp cq] em`w In´pw. Bdp-t]¿ Iq´p-Xm-a-kw. `£Ww Iq´mbn ]mIw sNøpw. amkw ]Xn-\-øm-bncw cq]m \mń-te\hw-_¿ 2015

°-bbv°pw. Rm≥ cmw Nc-t\mSv Ign™ h¿jw temIv-k`m sXc-s™-Sp∏p ImeØv tNmZn-®p. cmw Nc¨, \mń¬ t]mIp∂nt√? F¥n\v `mbn-km_v? sXc-s™-Sp∏p hcn-I-t√, thm´p sNøm≥ t]mtIt≠? F¥p sXc-s™-Sp∏v `mbn km_v? temIvk`m sXc-s™-Sp-∏v. \Ωsf `cn-°p∂ {][m-\-a-{¥nsb sXc-s™-Sp-°p-∂Xv? Hm, AtXm? AXv km_v, Zn√nbnse amUhpw emeqPow Hs°°q-Sn-b-t√, sXc-s™-Sp-°p-∂-Xv. AXn¬ F\n-s°¥p Imcyw km_v? At∏mƒ cmw Nc¨ thm´p sNbvXnńt√? D≠v, km_v. Rm≥ Ft∏mgpw t]mIpw thm´p sNøm≥. Akwªn sXc-s™-Sp-∏n\v At√? A√, km_v. AXn\v \Ω-sf-t∏m-ep-≈h¿°p Imcy-an-√. Rm≥ RßsS ]©m-bØp sXc-s™-Sp-∏n\v t]mIpw. km_v, Fs‚ hoSncn-°p∂ hm¿Uns‚ saºsd sXc-s™-Sp°p∂ thmń-\v. km_v hm¿Uv saº¿ \√-h\m-bn-cn-°-Ww. Ah≥ I≈-\m-bn-cn-°-cp-Xv. AhnsS F√m-h-scbpw kvt\l-tØmsS ImWp-∂-h-\m-bn-cn-°-Ww. klmbn Bbn-cn-°Ww. AØ-c-°m-c-s\-bt√ F\n°p sXcs™-Sp-t°-≠-Xv. AXv emep-Pntbm Zn√n-bnse amUtam BtWm sXc-s™-Sp-t°-≠-Xv. Ahs\ F\n-°t√ Adn-bq. At√, km_v? F.-sI. B‚Wn CubnsS ]d-™Xv shdpw kXy-a-Wv. cmjv{Sob {]h¿Ø-I¿ km[m-c-W-°mcn¬\n∂v hfsc AI-∂p-I-gn-™p. ]s£ aoUn-bmbpw CXp t]mse amdp-Ibt√? sh≈n-aq-ß-Isf ImWm-\p≈ i‡n aoUn-bmbv°pw \jvS-s∏-Sp-I-bmtWm? .....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

t\mh-enÃpw ho£Ww ap≥ No^v FUn-‰-dpamWv teJ-I≥. C˛-sabn¬: klmv@rediffmail.com

(39)

ap≥t] ]d-∂-h¿

hcptam ho≠pw Hcp auehn? ]n. kpPm-X≥

e-bmf ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\-Øns‚ Ncn-{X-[m-c-WI-fn¬ A¿lamw hn[w AwKo-I-cn-°-s∏-SmsX t]mb t]cmWv h°w A_vZpƒJm-Z¿ aue-hn. tIc-fØns‚ \thm-∞m\ \mb-I-∑m-cpsS t{iWn-bn-

sehnsStbm h°w aue-hn-sb-∂p-IqSn Fgp-Xnt®¿°m≥ CubnsS Nne {ia-ß-fp-s≠-¶nepw \q‰n∏Øv h¿jw apºv At±lw Cu \mSns‚ am‰ßƒ°p-th≠n sNbvX auen-I-amb kw`m-h-\-Iƒ IrXy-ambn am\n-°-s∏-´n-√. "kztZ-im-`nam\n' Dƒs∏sS \mev B\p-Im-enI {]kn-≤o-I-c-W-ßƒ [oc-km-l-kn-I-XtbmsS \S-Øn-s°m≠v kmaq-lnI ]cnjvI-c-W-Øn¬ CS-s]´ aue-hn°v hnkvar-Xn-bn¬ CSw \¬In-bXv Ncn{X]c-amb Hcp h©-\-bm-sW-∂p-t]mepw ]dbmw. ]g-b-Ime ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-I¿ kz¥w ]{X-ß-fpsS t]cv Hcp _lp-aXn t]mse Ah-cpsS t]cn-s\m∏w sIm≠p-\-S-∂p. ka-Xz-hm-Zn, {]t_m-[-I≥ F∂o ]{Xß-fn¬ tPmen sNbvXn-´p≈ F. _meIr-jvW-]n≈ "tIkcn'sb∂ kz¥w ]{X-Øns‚ t]cn¬ F°m-ehpw Adn-bs∏-Sm≥ CjvS-s∏-´p. tImgn-t°ms´ IrjvW≥ h°o¬ Ncn-{X-Øns‚ anXhmZn IrjvW≥ F∂-dn-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. ktlm-Z-c-{]-ÿm-\-Øn-t‚bpw "ktlm-Zc≥' ]{X-Øn-t‚bpw ÿm]-I≥ sI. Aø-∏≥ Gh¿°pw ktlm-Z-c≥ Aø-∏\m-Wv.- cm-Pm-hns‚ hm°mWv P\-ßƒ ]men-t°≠ \nbaw F∂v A\p-im-kn-®ncp∂ ImeØv ]ucs‚ P\m-[n-]-Xym-hIm-i-ß-sf-°p-dn®v kml-kn-I-ambn Nn¥n-°p-Ibpw {]h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw sNbvX tZi-kvt\-ln-bm-bn-cp∂p A_vZp¬JmZ¿ aue-hn. 1905-˛¬ Xs‚ P∑-\m-´n¬\n∂v {]kn-≤o-I-cWw XpSßnb kztZ-im-`n-am-\n-bpsS t]cn¬ At±lw Adn-b-s∏-SmsX t]mbXv F¥psIm-≠m-bn-cn°pw? tZim-`n-am\w th≠Xn-te-sd-bp≈ Bfm-bn-cp∂p aue-hn. h°w {Kma-Øn¬ At±lw ÿm]n® hmb-\-im-ebv°v \¬Inb t]cv "tZim-`nam\n' F∂m-bn-cp-∂p. tIm¨{Kkv \hw-_¿ 2015

(40) t\Xmhv Sn.-sI. am[-h≥ ]n¬°m-eØv B t]cn¬ Hcp ]{X-am-cw-`n®v {]i-kvX\m-bn. h°w aue-hn-bpsS kztZ-im-`n-am\n ]{XØns‚ ]cym-b-ambn s\øm‰n-≥Ic kztZin sI. cmaIr-jvW-]n≈ Adn-b-s∏Sm≥ CS-bm-b-t∏mƒ Imew FhnsStbm Iui-e-]q¿hw Hfn-®p-I-fn-°p-∂-Xp-t]mse tXm∂pw. A_vZp¬JmZ¿ aue-hn-bpsS Is≠-Ø-embn-cp∂p cma-Ir-jvW-]n≈. h°w A_vZp¬JmZ¿ aue-hnaue-hn-bpsS tXm∂-ep-Ifn¬ ImesØ adn-I-S°p∂ At\Iw Xqh-ep-Iƒ D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. AXn-sem-∂m-bn-cp∂p `b-c-ln-X-amb ]{X-{]h¿Ø\w F∂ kml-kn-I-X. cmPm-hns‚ {]Xn-]p-cp-j\mbn \mSp-hm-Wn-cp∂ Znhms‚ A{]o-Xn-°n-c-bmbn ]{Xm-[n]¿ cma-Ir-jvW-]n≈ \mSp-I-S-Ø-s∏-´-t∏mƒ \ntcm-[n-°s∏´ ]{X-Øns‚ \mahpw Ncn-{X-sa-gp-Xn-b-h¿ ]{Xm-[n]¿°p Nm¿Øn-s°m-Sp-Øn-cn-°mw. F∂m¬ h°w A_vZp¬ JmZ¿ aue-hn-bpsS al-Ømb kw`m-h-\-Iƒ hnkva-cn-°-s∏Sm≥ CS-bm-Ip-∂Xv \oXn-tI-Sm-Wv. kztZ-im-`n-am\n cma-IrjvW-]n-≈-sb∂ ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-Is\ krjvSn® aue-hn-bpsS IjvS-\-jvS-ßfpw kw`m-h-\-Ifpw tIc-f-Øns‚ hf¿®-bn¬ \n¿Æm-b-I-amb kzm[o-\-i-‡n-bm-Wv. ]{Xw DS-abpw sXmgnem-fnbpw F∂ kmt¶-XnI _‘-Øn-\-∏pdw ]c-kv]c _lpam\-Øn-t‚bpw kvt\l-Øn-s‚bpw Dƒ°m-gvN-bptSbpw am\p-jnI Zu¿_-ey-ß-fp-tSbpw kl-I-c-W-Ønt‚bpw Icp-Øp‰ Hcp kulr-Z-am-bn-cp-∂p. aue-hnbpw cmaIr-jvW-]n-≈bpw XΩn-ep-≠m-bn-cp-∂-Xv. a\p-jyXzw F∂ ]Z-Øn\v At\-Iw A¿∞-ß-fp-≠v. Iayq-Wnkw C¥y-bn¬ Cd-°p-aXn sNø-s∏-Sp-∂-Xn\v Hcp hymg-h´w apºv Imƒ am¿Ivkns‚ Poh-N-cn{Xw ae-bm-fn-Isf FgpXn Adn-bn® D¬]-XnjvWp Bbn-cp∂p cma-Ir-jvW-]n-≈. Ccp-]Xmw \q‰m-≠ns‚ DZ-b-Im-eØv temIØv e`y-amb G‰hpw \qX\-amb kmt¶-XnI kuI-cy-ß-tfmsS ]{X-{]-kn-≤o-I-cWw XpS-ßnb kwcw-`-I-\m-bn-cp∂p h°w aue-hn. A©v sXßv F∂ Xoc-tZ-i-{Km-a-Øn¬\n∂v Adn-hns‚ hnim-e-tem-ItØ°v PmeIw Xpd∂ auehn ae-bm-fn-I-fpsS `mhn-sb-°pdn-®p-I≠ kz]v\-ßƒ°v AXn-cp-I-fn-√m-bn-cp-∂p. "kztZ-im-`n-am\n'°p ]pdsa h°w A_vZp¬Jm-Z¿ auehn hyXykvX e£y-ß-tfmsS aq∂v B\p-Im-enI {]kn-≤o-I-c-W-ßƒ XpS-ßn. ap…n, A¬-˛-C-…mw, Zo]nI F∂o amkn-I-I-fm-bn-cp∂p Ah. hnZym-`ym-kw, kwkvIm-cw, Ncn-{Xw, aX-\h - o-Ic - Ww F∂n-hb - n¬ Du∂n hmb-\° - msc temI-Øns‚ \qX-\N - e - \ - ß - ƒ°v H∏w sIm≠p-t]m-Ip-Ib - mbn-cp∂p h°w aue-hn. kztZ-im-`n-am\n {] n¬\n∂v "ap…nw' amknI {]kn-≤o-Ic - n-®p-sIm≠v H∂mw e°-Øn¬ auehn Cßs\ tcJ-s∏-SpØn: ""ae-bm-fØ - n¬ ]{X-ßfpw amkn-IIfpw \mƒ°p-\mƒ A[n-Ia - mbn D≠m-bn-s°m-≠n-cn-°ptºmƒ ap…nw ]{XnI A\m-hi - y-at√ F∂v Nne¿ tNmZn-°m\n-Sb - p-≠v...-tI-cf - Ø - nse ]e PmXn-°mcpw Ah-ch - c - psS A`nhr-≤n-°mbn th≠Xp {]h¿Øn®p XpS-ßn-bn-cn-°p∂ C°m\hw-_¿ 2015

eØv apk¬am≥am¿°v Cßs\ Hcp DZyaw AXym-hi - y-am-Ip-∂p. C°-gn™ Imt\-jp-am-cn°-W°p t\m°n-bm¬ ae-bm-fØ - nse apk¬am-≥am¿ hnZym-`ymk hnj-bØ - n¬ hfsc ]n∂n¬ \n¬°p-Ib - m-sW∂v a\- n-em-°mw'' Fkv.-F≥.-Un.-]n. tbmK-Øns‚ apJ-]-{Xambn "hnth-tIm-Zbw' amkn-Ibpw tbmK-t£-ak-`bv°v "DÆn-\-ºq-Xncn' amkn-Ibpw D≈-Xpt]mse hnZym-`ym-k-]-c-ambn hfsc ]n∂n¬ Ign-bp∂ Xs‚ kap-Zm-b-Øns‚ D∂-a-\-Øn\p {]tXy-I-amb Hcp {]kn-≤o-I-c-W-Øns‚ Bhiy-ap-s≠∂v A_vZp¬Jm-Z¿ auehn Xncn-®-dn™p. alm-Ihn Ipam-c≥ Bim\pw hn.-Sn. `´Xn-cn-∏mSpw a‰pw \S-Øp∂ kmaq-lnI ]cnjv°-c-W-{]-h¿Ø-\-ßƒ°v kam-\-amb Xncphn-Xmw-Iq-dnse Xs‚ kap-Zm-b-ßƒ°n-S-bn¬ Ne-\-ap-≠m-°m≥ auehn XpS-ßnb DZy-a-am-bncp∂p "ap…nw' amkn-I. ]Øp-h¿jw apS°w IqSmsX AXv \S-Øn-s°m-≠p-t]m-bXv em`-\jvS-°-W°v t\m°msX Bbn-cp-∂p. "CμpteJ' F∂ t\mh-en-eqsS Høm-cØp N¥p-tat\m≥ XpS°w Ipdn® kuay-amb Hcp kmaqlnI ]cn-h¿Ø-\-ap-≠v. Cw•ojv hnZym-`ym-kØns‚ {]m[m-\yhpw kv{Xo˛-]p-cpj kaXz k¶¬∏-sØ-°p-dn-®p≈ N¿®bpw bph-a-\- pIsf kzm[o-\n-°p-∂p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. \qX-\-amb B Nn¥m-[m-c-Iƒ Xs‚ kap-Zm-b-Øn-te°v hym]n-∏n-°p-∂-Xn\v DX-Ip∂ teJ-\-ßfpw A`n-apJ kw`m-j-W-ßfpw hm¿Øm Ipdn-∏pIfpw ]cn-`m-j-Ifpw ap…nw-am-kn-I-bn¬ auehn Dƒs∏-Sp-Øn. sI. cma-Ir-jvW-]n≈ amkn-Ibn¬ "Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dnse apk¬am≥am¿' F∂ teJ-\-sa-gp-Xn. s]m∂m\n ap…n-ßfpw Cw•ojv hnZym-`ym-khpw F∂ {]uV-amb teJ\w tIc-f-k-©mcn F∂ Xqen-Im-\m-aØn¬ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®p. CS-hm-bnse ap…nßfpw hnZym-`ym-khpw F∂ t]cn¬ Hcp teJ\w amkn-I-bn¬ Fgp-XnbXv F.-Fw. aplΩZv bqk^v Bbn-cp-∂p. kv{XoIƒ s]mXp-cwK-Øp-h-c-W-sa∂pw hnZym-`ymkw t\Sn kaq-l\-∑bv°v apX¬°q-´m-I-W-sa∂pw A‘-hn-izmk-ßƒ shSn-b-W-sa∂pw Hcp \q‰m≠v apºv tIcf k©m-cn-sb∂ Xqen-Im-\m-a-Øn¬ FgpXn-b-t∏mƒ ae-_m¿ {]tZ-isØ Hcp hmb-\°m-c≥ "kkvt\lw' {]Xn-I-cn-®Xv ""AXn\v Rß-fpsS Imew IqSn Ign-t™ms´ F∂m-bncp-∂p.'' "C¶n-cokpw In¶n-cokpw Adn-™XpsIm≠v Hcp sImWhpw D≠m-hm-\n√' F∂v FgpXn Adn-bn® hmb-\-°m-cp-ap-≠v. kztZ-im`n-am\n {]kv k¿°m¿ IÆp-sI-´n-bn´pw ]ØpsIm-√-°mew FXn¿∏p-Isf t\cn-´p-sIm≠v h°w auehn ap…nw amknI XpS¿∂p. Jp¿-˛B≥ ]T-\-Øn\v Hcp apJ-hp-c, C…m-aX kn≤m¥ kw{Klw XpS-ßnb teJ-\-ß-fneqsS hnizm-kn-I-fn¬ imkv{Xob t_m[w

(41)

hf¿Øm≥ auehn \S-Ønb {iaw kzmKXw sNø-s∏-´p. F∂m¬ hnip≤ aX-{KŸw ]cn`m-j-s∏-Sp-Øm≥ ]mSn-s√∂v iTn® bmYmÿn-Xn-I¿ FXn¿°m-Xn-cp-∂n-√. amXr-`m-jbn¬ Fgp-]Xv Jp¿-˛-B≥ kq‡-ßƒ ]cn`mj sNbvXv {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°pI hgn kmam\y-P-\-ßƒ°v aX-Im-cy-Øn¬ shfn®w ]Icp-I-bmWv auehn sNbvX-Xv. Ad_n ae-bmfw en]n ]cn-jv°-cn-®psIm≠v k∑m¿§-]m-T-ß-fp-ambn A¬-C…mw Fs∂mcp amkn-Ibpw auehn XpS-ßn. "kztZ-im-`n-am\n h°w auehn' F∂ Poh-Ncn-{X-KŸw Fgp-Xnb Ncn-{Xm-t\z-j-I≥ tUm. Sn. Pam¬ apl-ΩZv AtX-°p-dn®v tcJ-s∏-SpØp-∂Xv C{]-Im-c-amWv: ""ap…nw s]¨Ip-´nIsf ssIsb-gpØv ]Tn-∏n-°p-∂Xv aX-hn-cp-≤am-sW∂v {]N-cn-∏n-°p-∂-Xn-s\-Xnsc i‡ambn {]Xn-I-cn-®p-sIm≠v auehn A¬-˛-C…m-an¬ Fgp-Xnb teJ\w P\-ßsf CcpØn-®n-¥n-∏n-®p. kv{Xohm-b-\-°m-scbpw BI¿jn°pw hn[w efnX tImaf ]Zm-h-enIfpw `mjm-{]-tbm-K-ßfpw B amkn-I-bpsS khn-tij kz`m-h-am-bn-cp-∂p.'' Jp¿-˛-B≥ ]cn-`mj C¥y-bn¬ BZy-ambn {]Xy-£-s∏´ {]kn-≤o-I-c-Whpw A¬-˛-C…mw amkn-I-bm-

bn-cp-∂p. bmYm-ÿn-Xn-I-cpsS FXn¿∏p-aqew Bdv e°w sIm≠v Cu amknI \ne-®p. Pohn-X-Øns‚ Ah-km-\Im-eØv "Zo]nI' F∂ kmln-Xy-am-kn-Ibpw Hcp sIm√°mew \SØn {KŸ-\n-cq-]-W-cw-KØv NphSp hbv°m\pw auehn {i≤n-®n-cp-∂p. ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\-Ønepw kmaq-lnI ]cn-jv°-c-W-Ønepw kml-kn-I-ambn apgpIn ]q¿hm¿PnX kºØv apgp-h≥ ssIsbm-gn™ h°w auehn \nkz\pw \n -lm-b-\p-ambn cwKw hntS-≠n-h-∂p. 1932 HIvtSm-_¿ 31-˛mw XobXn DZ-c-tcm-K-Øm¬ hiw-sI´v A¥y-izmkw hen-°p-tºmƒ cmjv{Sob kmaq-lnI aﬁe-Ønepw kmwkvIm-cnI cwKØpw At±lw Ah-ti-jn∏n® ap{Z-Iƒ tIc-f-Øns‚ B[p-\nI Ncn-{X-sa-gp-Xn-bh¿ th≠-hn[w I≠n-√. kztZ-im-`n-am\n ]{X-Øn-eqsS D≠m-°nb ]cn-h¿Ø-\-ß-fpsS Xqh-ep-I-sf√mw cma-IrjvW-]n-≈-bpsS sXm∏n-bn¬ XncpIn h®-h¿ aue-hnsb {Iqc-amw-hn[w ad∂p If-™p. h°w aue-hn-bn-√m-bn-cps∂-¶n¬ Ncn-{X-Øn¬ kztZ-im-`n-am\n cma-Ir-jvW-]n≈ D≠m-Ip-am-bn-cp-∂n-s√-∂-XmWv hkvXp-X. bYm¿∞-Øn¬ F¥mWv Fw. A_vZp¬ JmZ¿ F∂ h°w auehn \qdv h¿jw apºv sNbvX-Xv. Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dnse cmP-`-cWw kmam-\y-P-\-ßƒ°v Zpcn-Xhpw ZpxJhpw am{Xw D≠m-°n-s°m-≠n-cp-∂-t∏mƒ 1888-˛¬ {ioaqew {]Pm-k` \ne-hn¬ h∂p. Icw Xocp-hbp-≈-hcpw {]am-Wn-amcpw P\-{]-Xn-\n-[n-I-sf∂ \ne-bn¬ AwK-ß-fmbn h∂v \m´p-Im-cy-ßƒ `c-Wm-[n-Im-cn-bpsS {i≤-bn¬ s]Sp-Øp∂ k`. C¥y-bn¬ `mKoI P\m-[n-]Xy-Øns‚ {]mIrX cq]-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ Ncn-{X-{]m-[m-\yap-s≠-¶nepw {]Pm-k-`sb icnbmb P\-{]-Xn-\n-[n-k-`sb∂v hnfn-°m-\m-hp-am-bn-cp-∂n-√. _mcn-Ã¿ F.-sI. ]n≈-sb-t∏m-ep-≈-h¿ "A¿∞-iq\yp' F∂v hnti-jn-∏n®v {]Pm-k-`-bn¬ \n∂v cmPn-h-®n-d-ßn-t∏m-bn-´p-≠v. cmjv{Sob Xocp-am-\-ßƒ FSp-°p-∂Xpw kmº-ØnI hn\n-abw \nb-{¥n°p-∂Xpw cmPm-hns‚ {]Xn-]p-cp-j-s\∂ \ne-bn¬ Znhm≥ Bbn-cp-∂p. Znhms‚ Iøn¬ Hcp ]mh-bmbn {]h¿Øn-®pt]m∂ cmPmhv Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dnse A\o-Xnbpw Agn-a-Xnbpw H∂pw I≠n-√. Znhm\pw cmP-In-¶-c-∑mcpw ]c-tZ-in-Ifpw sIm´mc D]-Po-hn-Ifpw Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dns\ sIm≈-b-Sn-®p-sIm≠n-cp-∂p. hnZym-`ymkw kn≤n® \m´p-Im-cmb bphm-°ƒ°v k¿°m¿ k¿ho-kn¬ tPmen e`n-°n-√. sXmgn-e-h-k-c-ßsf√mw A\y-\m-´p-Im-c-\mb Znhm≥ Xs‚ \m´n¬\n-∂p≈ CjvS-°m¿°v hoXn-®p. Agn-a-Xnbpw kzP-\-]-£-]m-Xhpw t]mcm-™n´v sIm´m-csØ Np‰n-∏‰n kZm-Nmc hncp≤ {]h-WX-Ifpw ]Xn-hm-bn. Znhm≥t]mepw sIm´m-c-Øn¬\n-∂p≈ A]-lmky hrØm-¥-ß-fnse IYm-]m-{X-am-sW∂v cmPysØ D¬∏-Xn-jvWp-°ƒ a\- n-em-°n. cmPmhv ssZh-am-sW∂v hniz-kn-°p∂ P\-ßƒ°v Znhm-s‚bpw sIm´mc In¶-c-∑m-cpsSbpw A]-Y-k-©m-c-ßsf AwKo-I-cn-°m≥ hnj-a-am-bn-cp∂p. ]t£, AkwLSn-Xcpw \n -lm-bcpw Bb P\-ßƒ°v F¥p-sN-øm-\mIpw? ]ptcm-K-a-\-hm-Zn-Ifpw a\p-jy-kvt\-lnIfpw hnπ-h-Im-cn-I-fp-amb bphm-°ƒ P\m-`n-em-j-ß-fpsS {]Xo-I-ambn GIm-[n-]-Xy-Øns‚ Zpjv{]-h-W-X-Iƒs°-Xnsc kml-kn-I-ambn cwK-Øp-h-cpw. Ccp-]Xmw \q‰m-≠ns‚ BZy-Zi-I-ß-fn¬ ]{X-{]-h¿Ø\w AØ-c-°m-cpsS BI¿j-I-amb I¿Ω-cw-K-ambn amdn.

\hw-_¿ 2015

(42) A_vZp¬JmZ¿ auehn ae-_m-dnepw sIm®n-cmPyØpw Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dnepw ]e-{]m-hiyw Np‰n k©-cn-®p. [mcmfw {]apJ hy‡n-I-fp-ambn Bi-bhn-\n-abw \S-Øn. Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dnse cmjv{Sob kmaq-lnI ÿnXn-sb-°p-dn®v N¿® \S-Øn. P\m-[n-]Xy-h-Im-i-ßfpw ]uc-kzm-X-{¥yhpw C√mØ Hcp \m´n¬ kzX-{¥-]-{X-{]-h¿Ø\w anYy-bm-sW∂v Xncn-®-dn-bm-\p≈ hnth-I-sams° bphm-hmb aue-hn-

F.-B¿. cmP-cm-P-h¿Ω

°p-≠m-bn-cp-∂p. F¶nepw km£-cX ssIh-cn®p XpSßnb P\-ßƒ°v \m´p-Im-cy-ßƒ hmbn-®-dn-bm≥ Hcp ]{XnI thW-sa∂v At±lw a\- n-em-°n. 1905 P\phcn 19-˛mw XobXn {_n´ojv A[o-\-{]-tZ-i-am-bn-cp∂ A©psXßn¬\n∂v {]kn-≤o-I-cWw Bcw-`n® "kztZ-im-`n-am\n'bpsS BZy-e-°-Øn¬ auehn FgpXn: ""Rms\mcp I®-h-S-°m-c-\-√. kmaq-lnI tkh-\hpw cmPy-tk-h-\-hp-amWv Rm≥ ]{Xw sIm≠v Dt±-in-°p-∂-Xv. F\n°v th≠ ]c-a-amb em`w ]W-a-√.'' A©psXßv, aßmSv, AjvS-ap-Sn Fs∂m-s°-bp≈ ÿe-\m-a-ßƒ ta¬Øcw Ib¿ D¬∏-∂-ßƒ°v {]kn-≤-am-Wv. aue-hn-bpsS ktlm-Zc-∑m¿ Ib¿ hyh-km-bn-I-sf∂ \ne-bn¬ e≠-\nse Nne Iº-\n-I-fp-ambn _‘-ap-≈-h-cm-bn-cp-∂p. AhcpsS kzm[o\w D]-tbm-Kn®v A∂v temIØp In´mhp∂ \qX-\-amb A®Sn b{¥hpw kma-{Kn-Ifpw ]ntbgvkv sekven Iº\n hgn Be-∏p-g-bn¬ Cd-°p\hw-_¿ 2015

aXn sNbvXp. ]¥o-cm-bncw cq]-bm-bn-cp∂p AØ-csamcp {] ns‚ A°m-esØ hne. hm¿Øm-hn-h-cßƒ°v A¥m-cmjv{S \yqkv GP≥kn-bmb tdmbn-t´gvkns‚ kl-I-cWw Dd-∏m-°n. AØ-c-Øn¬ hn]pehpw \qX-\hpw Bb Xbm-sd-Sp-t∏msS Bcw-`n® kztZ-im-`n-am-\n°v auehn B{K-ln-®-t]mse Din-c\mb Hcp ]{Xm-[n-]sc Is≠-Øm≥ Ign-™n-√. Nndbn≥Iogv kn.-]n. tKmhn-μ-∏n≈ F∂ cmP-`-‡\pw kuay-io-e\pw Bb ]{Xm-[n-]-cpsS tkh-\-Øn-emWv kztZ-im-`n-am\n BZyw {]kn-≤o-I-cn®p XpS-ßn-b-Xv. {_nójv `cW-{]-tZ-iØv Ccp-∂p-sIm-≠p-t]mepw Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-csØ Znhm≥ `c-W-Øn-s\Xnsc Fgp-Xm≥ Cu ]{Xm-[n-]¿°v ss[cyw D≠m-bn-cp-∂n-√. aue-hn-bpsS B{K-l-Øn-s\mØv amdm≥ ]‰msX tKmhn-μ-]n≈ as‰mcp ]{X-Øn¬ tPmen kzoI-cn-®p-t]m-bn. F.-B¿. cmP-cm-Ph¿Ω, tIcfh¿Ω henb tImbn-Ø-ºpcm≥, tUm. ]n. ]¬∏p, D≈q¿ Fkv. ]cta-iz-c-ø¿, kn. i¶-c≥ \mb¿ XpS-ßn-bh-sc√mw XpS°w apX¬ kztZ-im-`n-am-\nbn¬ Fgp-Øp-Im-cm-bn-cp-∂p. auehn Cu am\y kplr-Øp-°-tfm-sS√mw \s√mcp ]{Xm-[n-]sc Is≠Øn Adn-bn-°m≥ A`y¿∞n-®p. Aßs\ "ae-bmfn' ]{XØn¬ tPmen-sN-bvXp-sIm-≠n-cns° DS-abp-ambn ]nW-ßn-∏n-cn™v C\n ]{X-{]h¿Ø-\-Øn-te-°n√ F∂ Xocp-am-\-hpambn \nb-a-]-T-\-Øn-s\m-cp-ßp∂ sI. cma-Ir-jvW-]n≈ _n.-F.- F∂ sNdp∏°m-c-s\-∏‰n h°w auehn tI´-dn™p. hnZym¿∞n-bm-bn-cn-°p-tºmƒ apX¬ HSp-hn¬ Ip™n-IrjvW tat\ms‚ "cma-cmPyw' F∂ {]Xn-hmc ]{Xn-I-bpsS teJ-I-\mbn {]h¿Øn-®n´p≈ cma-Ir-jvW-]n-≈-bpsS FgpØpw `mjm-ssi-enbpw aue-hn°v CjvS-am-bn. "tIc-f-Z¿∏Ww' F∂ ]{Xw ]n≈ kz¥-ambn \S-Ønbn-cp-∂Xpw cmP-`-c-WsØ FXn¿Øv AΩm-h-\p-ambn ]nWßn hoSp-hn-ń-d-ßn-bXpw Adn-™-t∏mƒ auehn°v cma-Ir-jvW-]n-≈-tbmSv IqSp-X¬ CjvSw tXm∂n. B sNdp-∏-°m-cs\ t\cn´p ImWm≥ auehn sN∂p. ]{X-{]-h¿Ø-\-tØmSpw ]{Xw DS-a-ItfmSpw Ah⁄ Ie¿∂ ]p—-tØmsS kwkm-cn® ]n≈sb A¬∏-t\-csØ kw`m-jWw sIm≠v auehn ssIbn-se-SpØp. ]{Xm-[n-]-sc∂ \ne-bn¬ ]cn-]q¿Æ-amb kzmX-{¥yw. B{K-ln-®-Xn-tesd iºfw, Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dnse Agn-a-Xn-Iƒ shfn-®Øp sIm≠p-h-c-W-sa∂ ZrV-\-bw, aue-hn-bpsS hm°p-Ifnse Bflm¿∞X cma-Ir-jvW-]n-≈sb BI¿jn®p. Xs‚ Xs∂ B{K-l-ß-fpsS hm°p-Iƒ sIm≠mWv auehn kwkm-cn-°p-∂-sX∂v ]n≈bv°v tXm∂n. 1906 P\p-hcn 17-˛mw XobXn kztZ-im`n-am-\nbpsS c≠mw hmeyw H∂mw e°w ]{Xm-[n-]¿ sI.

(43) cma-Ir-jvW-]n≈ F∂pw DS-a-ÿ≥ Fw. A_vZpƒ JmZ¿ F∂pw tcJ-s∏-SpØn U_nƒ tdmb¬ sskUn¬ IqSpX¬ t]Pp-I-tfmsS ]pd-Øp-h-∂p. `mjm-]-{X-{]-h¿Ø-\-Øn¬ ]pXnsbmcp Ncn-{X-Øns‚ XpS-°-am-bncp∂p AXv. cma-Ir-jvW-]n-≈-tbmSv ]{Xw DSa F∂ \ne-bn¬ h°w auehn hm°p-]m-en-®p. hm¿Øbpw apJ-{]-kw-Khpw teJ\-ßfpw ]{Xm-[n-]-cpsS ]q¿Æ \nb-{¥WØn¬ am{Xw. kztZ-im`n-am-\n-bpsS t]cpw {]Nm-chpw \mƒ°p-\mƒ h¿[n-®p. Xncp-hnXmw-Iq-dnse Agn-aXn `c-WsØ \nin-Xhpw I¿°-i-hp-amb `mjbn¬ cma-Ir-jvW-]n≈ hna¿in®p. Znhm≥ ]n. cmP-tKm-]m-em-Nmcn-bmWv cmPysØ Ipń-t®m-dm°p-∂-Xn\v t\XrXzw \¬Ip-∂sX∂v apJ-{]-kw-K-ß-fn-eqsS ]n≈ Hm¿Ωn-∏n®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. hna¿i-\-ßƒ ]e-t∏mgpw hy‡n]-c-amb IS-∂m-{I-aWw t]mep-amb-t∏mƒ aue-hn-bpsS kplr-Øp°fpw _‘p-°fpw ]cm-Xn-Iƒ ]d™p XpS-ßn. `hn-j-Øp-°-sf°p-dn®v ]ecpw aue-hnsb Hm¿Ωs∏-Sp-Øn. "Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iqdpw ssI°q-enbpw' Hcp e°-Øn¬ apJ-{]-kw-K-Øns‚ Xe-s°-´v, ]ns∂m-cn-°¬ "sIm´m-c-Ønse sIme-]m-XIw' F∂ Xe-s°-ń¬ kp{]-[m-\-amb cmP-hn-fw-_-csØ Ifn-bm-°n. "Hcp e£w cq]' F∂ io¿j-I-Øn¬ ]pd-Øp-h∂ apJ-{]kwKw {ioaqew Xncp-\m-fns‚ aI-fpsS hnhml [q¿Øn-s\-°p-dn-®m-bn-cp-∂p. aue-hn-bpsS hyh-km-bn-I-fmb ktlm-Z-c-∑m¿ ]{X-Øns‚ Xo{h-\n-e-]mSp-I-fn¬ `b-ap-≈-h-cm-bn-cp-∂p. cma-IrjvW-]n-≈-bpsS ta¬ \nb-{¥Ww thWsa∂v Ah¿ tPyjvT-t\mSv Bh-iy-s∏-´p. ]t£, At±lw eh-teiw hg-ßn-bns√∂v am{X-a√ N¿®-I-fn-se√mw ]{Xm-[n]sc {]iw-kn-°m\pw t{]m¬km-ln-∏n°m\pw {]tXyIw {i≤n-°p-I-bmWv auehn sNbvX-Xv. Aßs\ Hcn-°¬ cma-Ir-jvW-]n≈ apJ-{]-kwKw ap≥Iqń Fgp-Xn-h-®n´v Ah-[n-bn¬ s\øm-‰n-≥I-cbnse hoń-te°v t]mbn. ]{X-Øn¬ A®-Sn°pw apºv aue-hn-bpsS ktlm-Zc≥ apJ-{]-kw-K-Øns‚ {]q^v FSp-Øphm-bn-®p. Hmtcm hm°pw hcnbpw k¿°m-

cns‚ shdp∏v £Wn-®p-h-cp-Øp-∂-Xm-bn-cp-∂p. `mj-sb-¶nepw A¬]w ab-s∏-Sp-Ø-W-sa∂v aue-hn-tbmSv ktlm-Z-c¿ ]d-™p.

{ioaqew Xncp-\mƒ aue-hnbpw apJ-{]-kwKw FSpØp hmbn-®p-t\m-°n. ktlmZ-cs‚ `b-Øn\v \ymb-ap-s≠∂v At±-l-Øn\pw tXm∂n. cma-IrjvW-]n-≈sb t\cn´v sN∂p-I≠v F¥p-th-W-sa∂v auehn Bcm-™p. th≠ Xncp-Ø-ep-Iƒ hcp-Øn-s°m-≈m≥ ]{Xm-[n-]¿ A\p-aXn \¬In. auehn XncnsI h∂v apJ-{]-kw-K-Øns‚ {]q^pw ssIbn¬ h®v Zo¿L-t\cw Btem-Nn-®p. ho≠pw ho≠pw hmbn-®p-t\m-°n. HSp-hn¬ Hcp A£-c-wt]mepw Xncp-ØmsX Aßs\ Xs∂ {]kn-≤o-I-cn-°m≥ \n¿t±-in-®p. ]{Xw hmbn-®tijw cma-Ir-jvW-]n≈ HmSn-s®∂v aue-hnsb Bt«-jn-®p. At±-l-Øns‚ IÆp-Iƒ \nd-™p-I-hn-™p. Xs∂ a\- n-em-°pIbpw FXn¿∏p-Iƒ Ah-K-Wn®v ]n¥p-W-bv°p-Ibpw sNbvX A_vZpƒ JmZ¿ aue-hn-tbmSv ]n≈bv°v henb BZ-chv tXm∂n. A∂p apX¬ auehn Xs‚ Cc´ ktlm-Z-c-\m-sW∂v cma-IrjvW-]n≈ hniz-kn-®p. Ah¿ ]c-kv]cw Btem-Nn®pw N¿® sNbvXpw kztZ-im-`n-am-\nsb AWn-bn-s®m-cp-°n. cma-Ir-jvW]n≈ \nb-a-]-T\w XpS-cm≥ kuI-cy-{]-Z-am-Ipw-hn[w ]{X-Øns‚ {]kn-≤o-I-cWw Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-c-tØ°v am‰p-∂Xv \∂m-bn-cn-°psa∂v \n¿tZ-in-®p. As√-¶nepw Xe-ÿm\ \K-c-Øn-te-°p≈ am‰w \√-Xm-sW∂v aue-hn°pw tXm∂n. 1907 Pqembv 17-˛mw XobXn apX¬ kztZ-im-`n-am\n Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-c-Øp-\n∂v {]kn-≤o\hw-_¿ 2015

(44)

I-cn®p XpS-ßn. ssZzhm-cn-I, ss{Xhm-cnI F∂o {IaØn¬ kztZ-im-`n-am-\n-bpsS {]kn-≤o-I-cWw {]Pm-aﬁe ktΩ-f-\-th-f-bn¬ Zn\-]{Xw BbXv Xncp-h-\¥-]p-cØv FØn-b-ti-j-amWv "Nme-e-lf' F∂ Ip{]-kn-≤-amb kwL¿j ka-b-am-bn-cp∂p 1908 \hw_¿. Xncp-h-\-¥-]p-csØ hmWn-Py-tI-{μ-amb Nmebn¬ t]meokv sIm≠p-h∂ KXm-KX \nb-{¥Ww I®-h-S-°m-cp-tSbpw \m´p-Im-cp-tSbpw FXn¿∏v £Wn®p-h-cp-Øn. h≈-°-S-hn¬\n∂v Nme-°-tºm-f-Ønte°v Nc-°p-ambn h∂ Imf-h-≠n-°m-cs\ t]meokv a¿±n-®p. hym]m-cn-Iƒ AXns‚ t]cn¬ elf XpSßn. P\-°q-´hpw I®-h-S-°mcpw tN¿∂v t]meokv tÃj\p Xosh-®p. t]meokv kq{]≠v Cw•o-jp-Im-c\mb _≥en-bm-bn-cp-∂p. dnk¿hv ]´m-fsØ Cd°n elf ASn-®-a¿Øn. Cu kw`hw {ioaqew {]Pmk`bn¬ NqSp-]I¿∂ N¿®-bm-bn. B Hcp amk-°mew Znh-khpw kztZ-im`n-am\n {]kn-≤o-I-cn-®p. Aßs\ ae-bm-f-Ønse BZysØ Zn\-]-{X-sa∂ AwKo-Imcw t\Sn IqSp-X¬ hmb-\-°m-cn-te°v ]{Xw FØnt®¿∂p. km[m-cW BgvN-bn¬ aq∂pw {]Pm-a-ﬁe ktΩ-f\ImeØv \nXyhpw F∂ ]Xnhv XpS¿∂p. Znhm≥ ]n. cmP-tKm-]m-em-Nm-cnsb Ifn-bm°m\pw hna¿in-°m\pw e`n® Ah-k-c-ß-sfm∂pw ]{Xm-[n-]¿ cma-Ir-jvW-]n≈ ]mgm-°n-bn-√. Znhm\v CSw-hew Xncn-bm-\m-Im-Ø-hn[w kztZ-im`n-am\n B{I-an-®p-sIm-≠n-cp-∂p. ]n≈-bpsS cmjv{Sob teJ-

Znhm≥ ]n. cmP-tKm-]m-em-Nm-cn

\hw-_¿ 2015

\-ßfpw apJ-{]-kw-K-ßfpw hmb-\-°msc lcw sIm≈n-®p. Znhms‚ kZm-Nm-c-hn-cp≤ {]h¿Ø-\ßƒ aqew s]mXp-P-\-ßƒ°v kzÿ-ambn Pohn°m≥ t]mepw Ign-bp-∂n-s√-∂m-bn-cp∂p Hcn-°¬ apJ-{]-kw-K-Ønse hmNIw "K¿ly-amb \SØw' F∂ Xe-s°-ń¬ Fgp-Xnb apJ-{]-kw-K-Øn¬ Cßs\ Hcp hmNIw D≠m-bn-cp-∂p. ""anÃ¿ BNmcn It®cn \S-Øp∂ lPq¿ Hmôkv apdn-bn¬ \njvIu]-\o-b-\mbn Hcp t\¿Ø ]mhp-ap≠pw [cn®v Ccn-°mdp-≈-Xp-sIm≠v Iogv DtZym-K-ÿ¿°pw h°o-e∑m¿°pw I£n-Iƒ°pw ASpØp sN√m-\m-ImsX e÷n®v apJw XmgvtØ≠n hcp-∂p.'' alm-cm-Pmhv hnimJw Xncp-\m-fns‚ Ime-Øm-bn-cp∂p Znhm≥ Cßs\ s]cp-am-dn-bn-cp-∂-sX-¶n¬ Xncp-a-\- nse IpXn-c-°m-cs‚ Ihp-©n-sIm≠v Cu hy`n-Nm-cn-bpsS sXmen-s]m-fn-®p-hn-Sp-am-bn-cp∂p F∂pw Fgp-Xn. CXm-bn-cp∂p cma-Ir-jvW-]n-≈-bpsS apJ-{]kwK ssien. Znhm\pw {ioaqew Xncp-\mƒ cmPmhn\pw Hcp hmN-I-Øn¬ Cc-´-°q-Øv. A`n-{]mb kzmX-{¥y-Øn\v AXn-cp-Iƒ I¬∏n-®n-cp∂ ImeØv Cßs\ cmPm-hn-s\bpw Znhm-s\bpw B{I-an-°p∂ Hcp ]{X-sØbpw ]{Xm-[n-]-scbpw h®p-s]m-dp-∏n°ptam? 1886-˛¬ sIm®n-bn¬ "tIc-f-an{Xw' {]kv ]qń®v DSa tZhvPn òwPnsb XS-hn-em-°nb kw`hw cma-Ir-jvW-]n-≈°pw h°w aue-hn°pw Adn-bm-hp∂-Xm-Wv. Znhm\pw In¶-c-∑mcpw AS-ßn-bn-cp-∂n-√. cma-Ir-jvW-]n-≈sb HXp-°m≥ Ah¿ D]m-bßƒ tXSn. kztZ-im-`n-am\n {]kv DSa A_vZp¬JmZ¿ aue-hnsb {]tem-`n-∏n°m\pw òj-Wn-s∏-Sp-Øm\pw ZqXsc hn´p. F{X cq] hnebv°pw ]{Xhpw {]kpw hmßnt°m-fm-sa∂v Adn-bn-®p. auehn hg-ßn-bn-√. F∂m¬ cma-Ir-jvW-]n-≈bv°p ]Icw as‰mcp ]{Xm-[n-]sc At\z-jn-®p-sIm-≈m≥ D]-tZ-in-®p. AXn\pw auehn Iq´m-°n-bn-√. òj-Wn-Iƒ ]e coXn-bn¬ ]e-X-hW Ah¿ Bh¿Øn-®p. ]{X-Øn¬ A®-Sn-®p-h-cp∂ Hmtcm hm°n\pw hcn°pw Xs‚ ]q¿Æ ]n¥p-W-bp-s≠∂v h°w auehn ZqX-∑m-tcmSv ]d-™p. A\-¥-c-^-e-ßƒ Adn-™p-sIm≠p≈ ZrV-amb \ne-]m-Sm-bn-cp∂p AXv. 1910 sk]vXw-_¿ 26-˛mw XobXn kztZ-im-`n-am\n ]{Xhpw A®-Sn-im-ebpw I≠p-sI-ń. ]{Xm-[n]¿ sI. cma-Ir-jvW-]n-≈sb \mSp-I-S-Øn. "s]mXp-P-\-t£-am¿∞w ssIsIm-≈p∂ \nba-]-c-amb \S-]Sn' F∂m-bn-cp∂p HutZym-KnI hymJym-\w. Z£n-tW-¥y-bn¬ "lnμp' ]{Xw HgnsI tIc-f-Ønse Hcp {]kn-≤o-I-c-Whpw Znhm≥ `c-W-Iq-S-Øns‚ Cu A\o-Xnsb hna¿in-®n-√. _wKm-fn, adm-Tn, ]©m-_n, DdpZp, lnμn ]{X-ßƒ Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq-dnse ]{Xam-c-WsØ Ip‰-s∏-SpØn apJ-{]-kw-K-sa-gp-Xn. cma-Ir-jvW] - n≈ `mcy _n. IeymWn AΩ-tbbpw aIƒ tKmaXn AΩ-tbbpw Iqń cmPyw hn´p. tImb-ºØ - q¿ hgn HSp-hn¬

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{_nójv ae-_m-dns‚ `mK-amb IÆq-cn¬ h∂p Xma-kn-®p. h°w auehn kmap-Zm-bnI kwL-S\m {]h¿Ø-\hpw aX-]c - n-jv°c - W b⁄hpw amkn-Im-{]-h¿Ø-\hpw XpS¿∂p. ]ucm-hI - mi {]ÿm-\ßƒ D≠m-°m≥ cmjv{So-b˛- k - m-apZm-bnI t\Xm-°f - p-ambn h°w auehn ssItIm¿Øp. Xncp-hnXmw-Iq¿ dh\yq hIp-∏n¬ A¿lcmb \m´p-Im¿°v \nb-a\w In´-Wsa∂ Bhiyw PmXn-aX kwL-S\-Iƒ D∂-bn-®p-t]m-∂p. ae-bmfn satΩm-dn-b¬ B e£yw t\Sp-∂Xn¬ hnP-bn-°msX h∂-t∏mƒ Cug-hs - a-tΩm-dn-b¬ hgn cmPmhns‚ ap∂n¬ \nth-Z\ - s - a-Øn-sb¶nepw ê-ap-≠m-bn-√. 1919-˛¬ Cug-h˛- a - p-…nw-˛{- In-kvXy≥ kap-Zmb-ßƒ kwbp-‡a - mbn ]ucm-hImi eoKv D≠m-°n. F.-sP. tPm¨, Sn.-sI. am[-h≥, h°w auehn F∂n-hc - m-bn-cp∂p AXns‚ t\Xm-°ƒ. cma-Ir-jvW]n-≈b - psS \mSp-IS- Ø - ¬ in£ Cf-hp-sNbvXp In´m≥ auehn H‰bv°pw ]ucm-hI - mi eoKv hgn kwL-Sn-Xa - mbpw {ian-®p-sIm-≠n-cp∂p. \mSp-hn-´-tijw cma-Ir-jvW]n-≈sb t\cn¬ ImWm≥ h°w auehn B{K-ln-®p. sImSp-ß-√qcn¬ "ePv\-Øq¿ la-Zm-\nb' F∂ kwL-S-\-bpsS hm¿jnI ktΩ-f-\-Øn\v cma-Ir-jvW-]n≈sb A≤y-£-\mbn £Wn-®p. h°w aue-hnbpw B ktΩ-f-\Øn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°p-∂p-≠v. kwL-S\-bpsS `mc-hmln sI.-Fw. koXmkm-ln-_ns‚ hk-Xn-bn¬ h®v \o≠-Im-esØ CS-th-f-bv°ptijw aue-hnbpw cma-Ir-jvW-]n≈bpw I≠p. hnIm-c-Xo-{h-amb B IqSn-°m-gvN-sb-∏‰n Np\-°c tKm]m-e-Ir-jvW-≥ tcJ-s∏-Sp-Ønbn-´p-≠v. hm°p-Iƒ Ccp-h¿°pw apń-t∏mb \nan-j-ßƒ. At\ym\yw \nd-I-Æp-I-tfmsS Ah¿ t\m°n-\n-∂p. ]c-kv]cw Benw-K\w sNbvXp. kwL¿jØn\v Ab-hp-h-∂-t∏mƒ cma-IrjvW-]n-≈-bpsS hnXp-ºp∂ hm°p-Iƒ ]pd-Øp-h-∂p. ""Rm≥ apJm-¥ncw {]kpw ]{Xhpw \jvSs - ∏-´X - n¬ ZpxJ-ap-

≠v.'' ]n≈ ]d-™p. ""F\n-°Xn¬ Atijw k¶-San√ cmaIr-jvW] - n-≈b - psS Ah-ÿb - mWv Fs‚ henb ZpxJw''˛auehn ]d-™p. ktΩ-f\ - Ø - ns‚ A≤y£ ÿm\-tØ°v cma-IrjvW] - n≈ X\n-°p-]I - cw h°w aue-hnsb _e-ambn ]nSn-®n-cp-Øn. ]ncn-bm≥ t\cw ""C\n F∂p ImWpw'' F∂p auehn tNmZn-®p. AXn\v Ccph¿°pw DØ-ca - n-√m-bn-cp-∂p. Bcpw ImWmsX Ioibn¬\n∂v Hcp s]mXn-sb-SpØv auehn ASp-Øp-\n∂ cma-IrjvW] - n-≈b - psS j¿´ns‚ t]m°-‰n¬ h®p. ""F¥m CXv'' F∂p tNmZn®v ]n≈ IpX-dn-amdm≥ {ian-®p. A©p IpXn-c∏ - h≥ Bbn-cp∂p s]mXn-bn¬. ""th≠m-bn-cp∂p'' F∂p ]d™v s]mXn XncnsI G¬∏n°m≥ {ian-®t- ∏mƒ IÆo¿ XpS®p-sIm≠v auehn ]pdw-Xn-cn™p. cma-Ir-jvW] - n-≈b - psS IpSpw-_Ø - ns‚ ÿnXn a\- n-em°n F√mam-khpw iº-fØ - pI IÆq-cn¬ FØn-°m≥ h°w auehn G¿∏mSv sNbvXn-cp-∂X - mbn Poh-Nc - n-{X-Im-c≥ tUm. Pam¬ apl-ΩZv Fgp-Xp-∂p. cma-Ir-jvW-]n≈ A¥-cn-®-tijw _n. Ieym-Wn-b-Ωbv°v Bizmkhpw ss[cyhpw ]I¿∂p-sIm≠v h°w auehn Ab® Zo¿L-amb IØv KZy-Øn-se-gp-X-s∏´ hnem-]-Imhyw t]mse tNtXm-l-c-am-Wv. cmaIr-jvW-]n-≈-bpsS aIƒ tKma-Xnsb _mcn-Ã¿ F.-sI. ]n≈ hnhmlw sNbvXv sIm√-Øp-sIm-≠p-h-∂p. Xncp-hn-Xmw-Iq¿ kztZ-im-`n-am-\n-bpsS IpSpw-_-tØmSv sNbvX A\o-Xn°v Xs‚ \ne-bn¬ \S-Ønb Hcp {]mb›n-Ø-amWv AsX∂v _mcn-Ã¿ ]n≈ ]n∂oSv sI.-]n. tIi-h-ta-t\mt\mSv ]d-™p. {]nb tXmgs‚ aI-fpsS "kzbw-hc'Øn¬ ]s¶-Sp-°m≥ Ah-kcw e`n-°m-Ø-Xp-sIm≠v h°w auehn sIm√Øv sN∂v h[q-h-c∑msc A\p-{K-ln-®p. ""Cuhn[w kvt\l kº-∂-\mb Hcp kplrØv D≠m-bn-cp∂ Bfm-Wt√m `mKy-hm-\mb Fs‚ A—≥'' F∂v tKma-XnbΩ ]n¬°m-eØv h°w aue-hn-sb-°p-dn-s®-gp-Xnb kvac-W-bn¬ hmbn°mw. Aº-sØm-ºXp h¿jw Xncp-hn-Xm-Iq-dns‚ cmjv{Sob PmXIw XncpØn-sb-gp-Xm≥ am{X-ambn Pohn®v Bcmepw hmgvØ-s∏-SmsX a¨a-d™ aue-hn-bpsS IY-hm-bn®v ssh°w apl-ΩZv _jo¿ Cßs\ FgpXn: "h°w A_vZpƒJmZ¿ aue-hnbpw {io \mcm-b-W-Kpcp kzman-Ifpw henb Iq´p-Im-cm-bn-cp-∂p. _p≤n ac-hn-®p-t]mb P\-Xsb DW¿Øm≥ ]cn-{i-an® _p≤n-am-∑m¿. ap…nw kap-Zm-b-Øn¬ Ct∏mƒ [mcmfw tImSoiz-c-∑m-cp-≠v. hne-Iq-Snb Imdpw cay-l¿ay-ßfpw At\Iw `mcy-amcpw D≈-h¿. h°w aue-hn-sb-t∏m-sem-cmƒ am{Xw C√.' ae-bmf am[y-acwKw ]pXnb aue-hn-amsc ImØn-cn-°p-∂p. ...........................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................

tIc-f-Iu-ap-Zn, Iem-Iu-ap-Zn, ho£Ww F∂o am[y-a-ß-fn¬ {]h¿Øn-®n-´p≈ cmjv{Sob \nco-£-I\pw {KŸ-Im-c\pw BWv teJ-I≥. E-mail: sujaathan@gmail.com. \hw-_¿ 2015

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]{X-{]-h¿Ø\ anI-hn\v ]pc-kvIm-c-ßƒ kwÿm\ k¿°m- c ns‚ 2014- ˛ se am[ya Ahm¿Up-Iƒ {]Jym-]n-®p. kwÿm\ C≥^¿ta-j≥ ]ªnIv dnte-j≥kv a{¥n sI.-kn. tPmk^mWv ]{Xk-tΩ-f-\-Øn¬ Ahm¿Uv {]Jym-]\w \S-Øn-b-Xv. P\-d¬ dnt∏m¿´nw-Kn\v amXr-`qan Zn\-]-{X-Ønse No^v dnt∏m¿´¿ Fkv.-F≥. Pb-{]-Imiv A¿l-\m-bn. 2014 BKÃv 28 apX¬ sk]vXw-_¿ H∂p-hsc {]kn≤o-I-cn® "sk{I-t´-dn-tb‰v hf-cp∂p: `cWw Xf-cp∂p' F∂ teJ\ ]c-º-c-bmWv Ahm¿Uv t\Sn-s°m-Sp-ØXv.- hnI-k-t\m-∑pJ dnt∏m¿´nwKv hn`m-K-Øn¬ ae-bmf-a-t\m-ca ko\n-b¿ dnt∏m¿´¿ atljv Kp]vX≥ Xømdm°n ae-bmf at\m-ca - b - n¬ 2014 Unkw-_¿ F´v apX¬ 15 hsc {]kn-≤o-I-cn® "hnkvab e¶' F∂ teJ\

tIm¿∏v kvImw' Pqdn-bpsS {]tXyI ]cm-a¿i-Øn\v A¿lam-bn. Snhn \yqkv FUn-‰nwKv hn`m-KØ - n¬ Gjym-s\‰v \yqkn¬ 2014 s^{_p-hcn Fń\v kwt{]-jWw sNbvX "S^v ssSw' F∂ dnt∏m¿ńs‚ FUn-‰¿ A\q]v sI Ahm¿Un\v A¿l-\m-bn. FUn-‰nwKv hn`m-KØ - n¬ at\mca \yqkn¬ 2014 am¿®v A©n\v kwt{]-£Ww sNbvX "A∏q-∏≥ XmSn' F∂ dnt∏m¿ńs‚ FUn-‰¿ _nt\mPv F≥ Pqdn-bpsS {]tXyI ]cm-a¿iw t\Sn. Snhn Iymad hn`m-K-Øn¬ 2014 sabv Fń\v "`qam^nb' F∂ tÃmdn sNbvX at\m-ca \yqknse Iyma-dam≥ kPohv hn Ahm¿Un\v A¿l-\m-bn. \yqkv doU¿ hn`m-K-Øn¬ aoUnb h¨ Nm\-ense tKm]o-Ir-jvW≥ sI.-B¿. 2014 HIvtSm-_¿ A©nse kvs]jy¬ FUn-

A\q]v sI

Bim Pmth-Zv

_na¬ Xºn-

_nt\mPv F≥

tKm]o-Ir-jvW≥ sI.-B¿.

atljv Kp]vX≥

{]kmZv Sn hn-

Fkv.-F≥. Pb-{]-Imiv

kPohv hn

Sn.-sI. kpPn-Øv

]c-º-c-°mWv Ahm¿Uv. \yqkv t^mt´m-{K^n hn`m-K-Øn¬ am[yaw Zn\]-{X-Øn¬ 2014 s^{_p-hcn Ggn\v {]kn-≤o-I-cn® _na¬ Xºn-bpsS "Im°n-bpsS I\n-hn-\mbv' F∂ ASn°p-dn-t∏msS h∂ t^mt´m A-hm¿Un\v A¿l-am-bn. Im¿´q¨ hn`m-K-Øn¬ 2014 sabv 18-˛\v tIc-f-Iu-ap-Znbn¬ {]kn-≤o-I-cn® Im¿´q-WnÃv Sn.-sI. kpPn-Øns‚ Im¿´q¨ Ahm¿Un\v A¿l-am-bn. Snhn hm¿Ø hn`m-KØ - n¬ at\m-ca \yqkn¬ 2014 Unkw-_¿ 29, 30 Xob-Xn-If - n¬ kwt{]-jWw sNbvX Bim Pmth-Zns‚ "BZn-hmkn' F∂ dnt∏m¿´n-\mWv Ahm¿Uv. Snhn hm¿Øm hn`m-K-Øn¬ Gjym-s\‰v \yqkn¬ 2014 Pqembv 27, 28 sk]vXw-_¿ A©v Xob-XnI-fn¬ kwt{]-£Ww sNbvX {]kmZv Snhn-bpsS "tlm¿´n\hw-_¿ 2015

j≥ \yqkneqsS Ahm¿Un\p A¿l-\m-bn. F≥.-]n. cmtP-{μ≥, kn.-cm-[m-Ir-jvW≥, Ae-Ivkm≠¿ kmw (P-\-d¬ dnt∏m¿ńw-Kv), tUm. Fw. eoem-hXn, aW¿ImSv amXyp, sI.-Pn. apc-fo-[-c≥ (hn-I-k-t\m∑pJ dnt∏m¿ńw- K v), ^ntdmkv _m_p, Nn{X IrjvW≥Ip-ń, cmP≥ s]mXp-hmƒ (\yqkv t^mt´m-{K^n), ]n.-hn. IrjvW≥, cmPp \mb¿, {]k-∂≥ B\n°mSv (Im¿´q¨), kÆn- ° pń F{_- l mw, Fw.- ] n. _jo¿, F. kl-tZ-h≥ (Snhn dnt∏m¿ńw-Kv, FUn-‰nwKv, Iyma-d, \yqkv doU¿) F∂n-h-cm-bn-cp-∂p. Ahm¿Uv hn[n-\n¿Æb kanXn AwK-ßƒ. kΩm-\n-X¿°v 25,000 cq]bpw {]ikvXn ]{Xhpw Ahm¿Umbn \¬Ipw. {]tXyI Pqdn ]cm-a¿i-Øn\v 15,000 cq]bpw {]ikvXn ]{X-hp-amWv \¬Ip-I.

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B-[p-\n-I-hm¿Ømkm-t¶-Xn-I-hn-Zy-I-fn-te-s°m-cp h-gn-Im-´n-bm-bn "Z¿∏Ww' am[ya ]T\ Iymºv

hm¿Øm- c - N - \ bv°pw Ah- X - c - W - Ø n\pw IymadNe- \ - ß ƒ°pw ]pØ≥ssienbpw am\hpw ]I¿∂ "Z¿∏Ww' am[ya ]T\ Iymºv Imbw-Ip-fØns‚ Iem-˛-kmw-kvIm-cnI ss]Xr-I-Øn\v \hym\p`-h-am-bn. tIcf aoUnb A°m-Zan Be-∏p-g, sIm√w, ]Ø- \ w- X n´ {]kv ¢_p- I - f p- s S kl- I - c - W tØmsSbmWv hm¿Øm- t e- J - I ¿°pw tImtfPv hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°p-w Iymºv kwL-Sn-∏n-®-Xv. "Z¿∏Ww' {XnZn\ am[yaIq´m-bvabpw tImfPv hnZym¿∞n-If - psS ZznZn\am[ya ]T-\I - ymºpw Imbw-Ipf-w tdm´-dn lm-fn¬ C≥^¿ta-j≥ ˛ ]ªnIv dnte-j≥kv a{¥n sI.-kn. tPm-k^vv DZvLm-S\w sNbvXp. {]mtZinI]{X-{]-h¿Ø-I¿ F∂ \n¿Δ-N-\-Øn¬ Bscsb√mw Dƒs∏-Sp-ØW - s - a∂ Xocp-am-\a - p-≠m-bmep-Ss\ k¿°m¿ {]Jym-]n® t£a\n[n Bcw-`n°m≥ \S-]Sn kzoI-cn°psa∂v DZvLm-S\ {]kw-KØ - n¬ a{¥n ]d-™p. t£a-\n[n XpSßm≥ Nne kmt¶-Xn-IX - S- - ß - ƒ am{Xam-Wp-≈X - v. CXp kw-_‘ - n®v k¿°m¿ ]{X{]Xn-\n-[nI-fp-ambn N¿® \S-Øn-°g - n-™p. t£a-\n-[n-bn¬ Bscsb√mw Dƒs∏-SpØWsa∂ Imcy-Øn¬ A`n-{]mb sFIyw D≠-mt- I-≠X - p≠-v. ]{X-taJ-eb - n¬ \n∂mWv AXp-≠m- t- I-≠Xv . {]mtZ- i n- I - t e- J - I - ∑ m- t cmSv k¿°m-cn\v A\p-`m-h]q¿W-amb k-ao-]\ - a - mWv D≈-sX∂v a{¥n ]d™p. C∂v s]mXpkaq-l-Øns‚ AP≠- \n›-bn-°p-∂Xv am[y-aß - fm-Wv. Bib-hn-\n-abcwK-Øp≠mb am‰ß-fpsS {]Xn-^-e\w kaq-l-Øn-ep-ap≠m-bn-´p--≠v. ]{Xß-fn¬ hm¿Ø-Iƒ ]e- L-´-ßfn¬ ]cn-tim-[-\bv°p hnt[-b-amIp- ∂ p. AXp- s Im- ≠ - p - X - s ∂ am[ya[¿Ωw Hcp ]cn- [ n- h sc kwc-£n-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.

Zriy-am-[y-aß - f - n¬ t{_°nMv \yqkp-Iƒ°m-bp≈ a’-c-am-Wv. hm¿Ø- b psS \nP- ÿ nXn ]et∏mgpw ]cn-tim-[n-°-s∏-Sp-∂n-√. X∑qew kXyw hnkvac - n-°s - ∏-Sp-∂p. kzbw \nb- { ¥Ww ]men- ® m¬ am{Xta am[y-a-[¿Ωw kwc-£n-°s∏-Sq. \∑- -aq-Sn-h®v tZmssj-I-Zr°p-If - m-Ip∂ {]h-WX - b - m-Wv I-≠ph-cp-∂-Xv. F√mw Ipg-∏-am-sW∂ ImgvN-∏mSv icnb-√. \√ hm¿ØIƒ°p Iq-Sn kabw Is≠-Ø-Wsa∂v a{¥n ]d-™p. Bhn-jvIm-c-kzm-X-{¥y-Øn-s\-Xn-sc-bp≈ IS-∂pI-b‰w cq£-amb Cu Ime-L-´-Øn¬ XnI™ Pm{KX-tbmsS {]h¿Øn-°m≥ am[y-a-{]-h¿Ø-I¿°p Ignb-W-sa∂v NS-ßn¬ A[y£w hln® kn.-sI.-k-Zm-inh≥ Fw.-F¬.F. ]d-™p. A°m-Zan sNb¿am≥ sk¿Pn B‚Wn apJy-{]-`m-jWw \S-Øn. a p ≥ F w . ]n. bpw am[ya\ncq-]-I-\p-amb tUm. -sk_mÃy≥ t]mƒ apJymXn-Yn-bm-bn-cp-∂p. tIcf aoUnb A°mZan sk{I-´dn F.-F.- l°nw kzmK-Xhpw kwLm-SI kanXn I¨ho-\¿ AUz.-F-®v.- kp\n \μnbpw ]d-™p. Im-bw-Ipfw \-K-c-k`-m[y-£ cm-P{io tIm-af-Øv, \-K-ck- ` mwKw sI. ]p- j v - ] - Z m- k v , aoUnb A°m- Z an Akn.sk{I-´dn sI.B¿. {]-tam-Zv Ip-am¿, Be-∏n kvv]n-∂n-Mv an-¬kv sN-b¿-am≥ A-Uz.]n.Fkv. _m-_p-cmPv,X-d-bn¬ _-jo¿ F-∂nh¿ ]-s¶-SpØp. tImtfPv hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°mbp≈ ZznZn\ am[ya ]T-\-Iym-ºnse ao‰v Z an\n-Ã-¿ ]cn-]m-Sn-bn¬ B`y-¥c-a{¥n ctaiv sN∂nØe hnZym¿∞n-I-fp-ambn kwh-

\hw-_¿ 2015

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Zn®p-. Iemeb-ß-fn¬ cmjv{Sobw \ntcm-[n®Xn-t\mSv tbmPn-∏n-s√∂v -a{¥n ]d-™p. F∂m¬ Iem]hpw A{Ia cmjv{So-bhpw t{]m’m-ln-∏n-°m-\m-In-√. sNdp{]m-bØ - n¬Øs∂ kzX-{¥-Nn-¥b - p-≈h - c - mbn hf-cm≥ Iem-eb - c - m-j{v Sobw klmb-Iam-W.v 18 hb- n¬Øs∂ thm´-h-Im-i-ap≈ cmPy-sa∂ \ne-bn¬ P\m[n-]XyØns‚ _me-]m-T-ßƒ a\- n-em-°m\pw {]mtbm-Kn-I X - e - Ø - n¬ sIm≠p-hc - m\pw hnZym¿∞n cm-jv{Sobw Ahk-c-ta-Ip-∂p. P\ßfpsS Poh\pw kzØn\pw kwc£Ww \¬Im≥ _m[y-ÿ-\m-b-Xn-\m¬ ]e-t∏mgpw i‡-amb \ne-]m-Sp-I-sf-Sp-°m≥ \n¿_-‘n-X-\m-Ipw. GXv FXn¿∏p-I-tfbpw {]Xn-tcm-[n-®p-sIm≠v apt∂m´vt]m-Ip-Ib - mWv {][m-\w. P\m-[n-]Xy hyh-ÿb - n¬ P\-ßfmWvv k¿Δ{][m\w. AXp-t]m-se-Øs - ∂-bmWv P\-{]-Xn-\n-[n-Ifpw. k¿°m-cns‚ Xocp-am\w \S-∏m-°pI-sb-∂Xv DtZym-K-ÿ-cpsS DØ-c-hm-Zn-Ø-am-sW∂v At±lw ]d-™p. tIc-fØ - nse bphm-°f - psS aZy-]m\m-k‡n h¿≤n-°p-∂-Xn¬ Bi-¶-bp-s≠∂pw ]Øph¿j-Øn-\Iw _nh-tdPkv Hu´vse-‰p-If - psS FÆw Ipd®p-sIm-≠p-h-cp-I-bmWv k¿°m-cns‚ e£ysa∂pw At±lw ]d™p. tIcf aoUnb A°m-Zan sshkv sNb¿am≥ sI.-kn.-cm-Pt- Km-]m¬ A≤y-£X hln-®p. tImtfPv hnZym¿∞n- I ƒ°mbn kwL- S n- ∏ n® aoUnb Iymºns‚ kam-]\ NS-ßn¬ Hmbn¬ ]mw C¥y sNb¿am≥ sjbvJv ]n lmcnkv k¿´n-^n-°‰ - p-Iƒ hnXcWw sNbvXp. kaq-lØ - n¬ s]mXp-shbpw s]mXp-{]h¿Ø-\Ø - n¬ {]tXy-In®pw _m[n°p∂p-s≠∂v ]d-bs∏-Sp∂ Po¿ÆX ]{X˛-am-[ya -{]-h¿Ø-\-sØbpw

_m[n- ® n- ´ p- ≠ v . amt\- P v s a‚ ns‚ Xm¬]cyßƒ°∏pdØv kzX-{¥-ambn t]\ Nen-∏n°m≥ Ign-bmØ Ah-ÿb - n-emWv ]e am[ya {]h¿Ø-Icpw tjJv ]n lmcnkv ]d™p. Nß-\m-t»cn Akw-]vjy≥ tImtfPnse hnZym¿∞n\n B¿{Z.F.kv, hn]n≥-tZhv F∂nhsc anI® ÃpU‚ v sUen-tK-‰p-I-fmbn sXcs™-Sp-Øp. hnZym¿∞n-Iƒ°mbn \S-Ønb hm¿ØmcN\m a’-c-Øn¬ Imbw-Ipfw Fw.F-kv.-Fw. tImtfPnse _nF Ah-km\h¿j hnZym¿∞n\n kcnIm e£van .Fkv H∂mw ÿm\hpw H∂mw h¿j _nF hnZym¿∞n\n ]m¿hXn. sP c≠mw ÿm\hpw t\Sn. Z¿∏Ww Iymºns‚ kam-]\ ktΩf\w {]apJ am[ya {]h¿Ø-I-\pw kmln-XyIm- c - \ p- a mb sI.- F ¬.- t am- l - \ - h ¿Ω DZv L m- S \w sNbvXp. \h-am-[ya kt¶-X-ßƒ hf¿® {]m]n-°p∂ Ime-L-´-Øn¬ hm¿Ø-bpsS ssien-bnepw Ah-X-c-Wco-Xn-I-fnepw am{X-a√ hmb-\-°m-cs‚ hmb-\m-io-e-ßfn¬ hsc am‰w-h-cp-sa∂v At±lw ]d™p. ]{X-ßƒ am{X-a√ IS-em-kp-t]mepw C√m-Xm-Ipw. tIcf aoUnb A°m-Zan ap≥ sNb¿am≥ F≥.-]n. cmtP-{μ≥ A[y£-\m-bn-cp-∂p. CSp°n Pn√m C≥^¿ta-j≥ Hm^ok¿ F≥.-]n. kt¥m-jv, Imbw-Ipfw kn.sF sI.-Fkv. DZb-`m-\p, Imbw-Ipfw aoUnb sk‚¿ sk{I-´dn hmlnZv I‰m-\w, hn. -chnIp-am¿ F∂n-h¿ kwkm-cn®p. AUz.- C. kao¿, AUz.- F-kv. A_vZp-\m-k¿, AUz.F®v. kp\n F∂n-h¿ NS-ßn¬ k∂n-ln-X-cm-bn-cp-∂p. aoUnb A°m-Zan sk{I-´dn F.-F. l°nw kzmK-Xhpw ]n.-Un. {]Xm-]≥ \μnbpw ]d-™p. anI® am[ya sUen-tK-‰n-\p≈ D]-lmcw awKfw teJ-I≥ B¿. ]obq-jn\v kΩm-\n-®p. ]s¶-SpØ ]{X{]-h¿Ø-I¿°p≈ k¿´n-^n-°-‰p-Iƒ sI.-F¬. taml\-h¿Ω kΩm-\n-®p. ]Ø-\w-Xn-´, Be-∏p-g, sIm√w {]kv ¢_p- I - f psS kl- I - c - W - t ØmsS \S- Ø nb Iymºn¬ \qdn-e-[nIw am[ya {]h¿Ø-I¿ ]s¶-Sp-Øp. A°m-Zan ap≥ sNb¿am≥ F≥.-]n.-cm-tP-{μ≥, tUm. sk_mÃy≥ t]mƒ, F.-k-l-tZ-h≥, tUm.A-Pn-Xv shÆn-bq¿,tUm.-Fw.-hn. tXma-kv, KqKnƒ t^mt´m- FUn‰¿ ^ntdmkv _m_p, Fkv.-l-cn-Ir-jvW≥, tPm¿Pv ]pfn-°≥, A°m-Zan C≥Ãn-‰yq´v Hm^v IΩyq-Wn-t°j\nse A[ym-]I - c - mb sI.-tl-ae - X, sI.-AP - nXv F∂nh¿ ¢mkp-Iƒ \bn-®p.

tIcf aoUnb A°m-Zan `c-W-k-anXn sNb¿am≥: sk¿Pn B‚Wn (Zo-]n-I) sshkv sNb¿am≥: sI. kn. cmP-tKm-]m¬ (at\m-c-a) kanXn AwK-ßƒ: Fw. Fkv. chn (tI-c-f-Iu-ap-Zn), F≥. cmtPjv (am-[y-aw), sI. Fw. tdmbv, kn. F≥. taml-\≥ (tZ-im-`n-am-\n), ]n. kpPm-X≥, t__n amXyp (Po-h≥ Snhn), C. ]n. jmPp-±o≥ (aw-K-fw), Fkv. _nPp (Gjym-s\‰v \yqkv), sNdp-Ic kÆn eqt°mkv (tIc-f-i_vZw), sP. Fkv. Cμp-Ip-am¿ (P-bvlnμv Snhn), Sn. B¿. a[p-Ip-am¿ (tZ-im-`n-am\n hmcn-I), _nPp h¿§okv (aw-K-fw), Fw.-]n. kqcy-Zmkv (amXr`qan), hn. F. kenw (am[yaw), ]n. ]n. kÆn (Zo]nI), It°m-S≥ apl-Ω-Zv, Ub-d-IvS¿ (]ªnIv dnte-j≥kv), sk{I-´dn (^n\m≥kv Un∏m¿´vsa‚ v), sk{I´dn (P\-d¬ AUvan-\n-t{Ãj≥) sk{I-´dn: F. F. l°ow, Akn. sk{I-´dn: sI. B¿. {]tamZvIpam¿ \hw-_¿ 2015

New Books @ Academy Library

Peter B. Seel

Digital Universe: The Global Telecommunication Revolution Peter B. Seel Published by: WILEY-BLACKWELL 1st ed. Description: 276p. Price : 2265.00 For the student and general reader, a tour of the digital universe that offers critical observations and new perspectives on human communication and intelligence. Traces the development and diffusion of digital information and communication technologies, providing an analysis of trans-cultural effects among developed and developing nations Provides a balanced analysis of the pros and cons of the adoption and diffusion of digital technologies Explores privacy, censorship, the digital divide, online games, and virtual and augmented realities Follows a thematic structure, allowing readers to access the text at any point, based on their interests Accompanying resources provide a wealth of related online content Selected by Choice as a 2013 Outstanding Academic Title ]

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Bookshelf(49)

Miles Maguire ADVANCED REPORTING : Essential Skills for 21st Century Journalism Miles Maguire 路Published by: Routledge (London) 1st Ed. Description: 247pages Price : 3017.00 News gathering is a large, complicated and often messy task that has traditionally been viewed by journalists as irretrievably idiosyncratic, best learned through trial and error. Advanced Reporting takes the opposite approach, focusing on reporting as a process of triangulation based on three essential activities: analyzing documents, making observations and conducting interviews. In this readable book, veteran journalism professor Miles Maguire shows how the best reporters use these three tools in a way that allows them to cross-check and authenticate facts, to reduce or eliminate unsupportable allegations and to take readers and viewers to a deeper level of insight and understanding. This book will help to prepare students for a profession marked by increasing complexity and competition. To succeed in this environment, journalists must learn to make the most of digital media to intensify the impact of their work. At the same time, reporters must contend with a host of sophisticated public relations techniques while engaging with news audiences that no longer just consume journalism, but also collaborate in its creation. Discussion questions and exercises help students put theory into practice. \hw-_驴 2015

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temIw I≠ hc A¥¿t±iob am[yacwKsØ {]ikvXamb Im¿´qWpIsf ]cnNbs∏SpØpIbmWv Cu ]w‡nbn¬. amXr`qan Im¿´qWnÃmb tKm]oIrjvW\mWv Ch Xncs™SpØv AhXcn∏n°p∂Xv.

sjdn^v Ad-^ CuPn]vjy≥ Im¿´q-WnÃpw Fgp-Øp-Im-c\pw {]mkw-Kn-I\pw Z¥-tcm-K -hn-Z-Kv[\p-amWv sjdn^v Ad-^. Xo{h-hm-ZsØ sNdp-°p-Ibpw H∏w kaql-Øns‚ \∑-bv°mbn {]h¿Øn-°p-Ibpw sNøpI F∂ Dt±-iy-tØm-sSbmWv Ad^ Z¥mtcmKy-ta-Je Dt]-£n-®-Xv. Xs‚ ]pkvX-I-ß-sfbpw Im¿´q-Wp-I-sfbpw CXn-\m-bn Ct±lw D]-tbm-K-s∏-Sp-Øp-∂p. Ct∏mƒ, CuÃv e≠≥ k¿h-I-em-im-e-bnse AssπUv t]mkn-‰ohv sskt°m-f-PnFwFkv _ncpZhnZym¿∞nbpw IqSn-bmWv Ad-^.

tKm]oIrjvWs‚ C˛sabn¬: cartoonistgopikrishnan@gmail.com Printed and Published by N. P. Santhosh, On behalf of the Secretary, Kerala Media Academy, Published from Kerala Media Academy, Kakkanad, Kochi – 682 030; Printed at Sterling Print House Pvt Ltd, Edappally; Editor: Sergy Antony

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sI\n-b≥ Xe-ÿm-\-amb s\bvtdm-_n-bnse shÃvtK‰v tjm∏nMv amfn¬ òI-c¿ \S-Ønb sRń-∏n-°p∂ B{I-a-W-Øn-\nsS tXm°p-ambn FkvI-te-‰-dn-te°v HmSn-°-b-dnb òI-ccn-semcmƒ. Poh≥ ]W-bw-h®v Cu Nn{Xw temI-Øn\p ap∂n-se-Øn-®Xv ssSe¿ lnIvkv F∂ t^mt´m-{Km-^-dm-Wv. t{_°nMv \yqkv t^mt´m-{K^n hn`m-K-Øn¬ 2014se ]pen-‰vk¿ ]pc-kvImcØn\v Cu Nn{Xw A¿l-am-bn-cp-∂p.

ssSe¿ lnIvkv \hw-_¿ 2015

(52) Media Monthly | November 2015 | `20/- | RNI Reg No. KERBIL/2000/01676

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