PORTFOLIO, 2021
LAMIA AHMED
ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL WORK
Co-author: Mariia Smoliakova Supervisor: Alejandra Navarrete Llopis
Master’s Thesis, 2021
Beyond Survival Building resilient communities through co-creation for the rohingya refugees of Bangladesh
Author: Jonas Bendiksen
The project focuses on the Rohingya refugee issue. In 2017 thousands of people had to cross the borders of Myanmar due to mass genocide triggered by ethnic cleansing and around 800,000 of them flee to Bangladesh as refugees. Whereas, Bangladesh has 2 million informal settlers of its own known as internally displaced people (IDPs) who have been displaced due to extreme climatic conditions. So, we are dealing with the issue of how refugees can coexist in a country where there are already thousands homeless. Currently, the government has built a settlement for 100,000 people on a newly emerged island, Bhashan Char in the Bay of Bengal. Thousands of Rohingya refugees are already being relocated there. However, with the predicted sea-level rise not only the island but the majority of the coastal area of Bangladesh might go underwater. Our project is an attempt to imagine a resilient community, where both refugees and Bangladeshi people will be able to coexist in Bhashan Char, build empathy for each other, and be able to co-develop preparedness for future changes connected to sea-level rise using local potential. Hence, the aim of our project is to establish conditions of co-existence for the refugees and IDPs of Bangladesh where they can co-create resilient communities in connection with the local context and the changing environment.
Beyond Survival
Bhashan Char, Bangladesh
Bangladesh
1%
of Humanity are Displaced
Refugees
Returnees
Asylum-seekers
Stateless persons
IDPs
Others Source: UNHCR, 2019
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Chapter 1: The story of the displaced people Since Bangladesh is a delta, two-thirds of the country is less than 5 m above sea-level. Large share of the land might be vulnerable to the sea-level rise, including Bhashan char. Moreover, Bangladesh is a densely populated country where Rohingya refugees are living in 34 extremely congested camps in Cox Bazar which has ruined the ecosystem of the hill tracts of the region in the Southern part of the country.Now Bangladesh is proposing to relocate 100,000 refugees to a remote island in the bay of Bengal, which is called Bhashan Char.
Kutupalong
Bangladesh
Myanmar
Kutupalong expansion Hakimpara, Jamtoli, Moynarghona
India
Bangladesh
Chakmarkul
India
Shamlapur
Unchiprang Alikhali Leda
Villages destroyed by fire in August 2017
Nayapara camp Jadimura
Myanmar
Flood prone area Erosion prone area Coastal areas vulnerable to sea level rise
Camps
Rakhine state
Location of the camps
Source: UN/ Relief Web / OCHA / Inter Sector Coordinator Group, 2020
Bhashan Char
Lifestyle of Rohingya people in the built structures of Bhashan Char
Beyond Survival
Camp
Lifestyle of Rohingya refugees in the camps of Bangladesh
Bhashan Char, Bangladesh
MYANMAR 1800
Burmese government considers the migration during this period illegal, and refuses citizenship to the Rohingya.
1948
After independence from British rule, Muslim rebellion erupts in Rakhine State.
1962
Military rule begins in Burma.
1977 - 82
Among 135 national ethnic groups, Rohingyas were excluded and rendered stateless.
1989 - 91
Burma was renamed Myanmar. Military crackdown, another 50,000 refugees flee to Bangladesh.
1992 - 94
The Myanmar and Bangladesh governments agree to repatriate refugees. Hundreds of thousands of people return to Myanmar over several years.
BANGLADESH East Pakistan was formed as a following the end of British rule, combining current Bangladesh and Pakistan.
1947
Bangladesh became independent.
1971
In Bangladesh famine and flooding left an estimated 27,000 people dead.
1974
Thirteen camps for the refugees were established. Repatriation took place.
1982
Massive flood inundated three-quarters of the country. Half a million were left homeless and 1300 were killed after a cyclone hit Bangladesh.
1987 - 88
Death toll rose above 1,500 due to flooding and stranded more than 30 million people.
2004
Cyclone Sidr killed 4234 people and left millions homeless
2007
Cyclone Aila destroyed thousands of homes.
2009
Cyclone Roanu killed at least 11. 100,000 people were displaced.
2016
2014
Myanmar’s first census in 30 years, the Rohingya are still not included as an ethnic group.
Cyclone Fani and Bulbul hit Bangladesh. Severe flooding displaced 800,000 people and inundated a third of the country.
2019
2017
Horrific violence and terror targeting the Rohingya community. More than 700,000 Rohingya flee Myanmar.
Bangladesh started relocating Rohingya refugees in a remote island.
2020
2021
Myanmar's military seized power after detaining Aung San Suu Kyi and other leaders.
Source: Timelines, 2020 and World Vision, 2020
Bangladesh
Lifestyle of Bangladeshi people in the villages
Academic works, 2021
Myanmar
Lifestyle of Rohingya people in the country of their origin
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Chapter 2: The story of the disappearing land The site is located in a river estuary where the islands continually change their shapes as erosion and accretion are a common natural phenomena. Compared to the gradual inhabitation process of the islands, here a whole settlement was built within 2 years to accommodate 100,000 people. 91’18E
91’20E
91’22E
91’24E
91’26E
91’18E
Nov. 25
91’22E
91’24E
91’26E
91’18E
91’20E
91’22E
91’24E
91’26E
22’24N
22’24N
22’24N
22’26N
22’26N
22’26N
22’28N
2005
91’20E
2011
Nov. 10
22’28N
22’28N
2015 Nov. 6
Cyclone shelter Water pond
Elevation 1.2 m Toilets
Room 3.7*4.3 m Kitchen
Building module
Beyond Survival
Bhashan Char, Bangladesh
High tide Low tide
Resident birds Kingfisher, dove, cuckoo, crow, bulbul, myna, robin, lora
Mangrove species Sonneratia apetala (Keora), Exceoecaria agallocha L. (Gewoa), Nypa fruticans (Golpata)
Animals
Migratory birds
Buffalo, cow, goat
Spoonbill Sandpiper (critically endangered) Nordmann’s Greenshank (endangered)
Fishes
Seagrass
Invertebrates
Hilsha, pangas, Halodule univervis, river dolphin Halophila decipiens, Ruppia maritima
Benthic organisms, molluscs, and marine worms
A
Moat Embankment Siltation
B C
Helipad 2&3 Admin buildings
School One module Mosque Solar panel VIP guest house Light house Helipad 1 Sea port
Formulated forest Clustered trees Unformulated vegetation
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Chapter 3: The framework of co-creating resilient communities The aim of the project is to establish conditions of coexistence for the refugees and IDPs of Bangladesh where they can co-create resilient communities in connection with the local context and the changing environment in collaboration with the NGOs and government. And for that we have used phasing design in three times, 2024, 2030 and 2040.
Phase 1
+2021
+ 2024
Establishing identity through livelihood
Phase 2
through collective knowledge + Empowering 2030
Phase 3
with more than human commons +Coexistence 2040 +
Population 10, 000
Population 75,000
Housing
Housing
Basic services
Diversification
+
+
+
+ Smaller communities
Population 125,000
+
+
Housing
Housing
+
+ +
Nypa palm Mangrove
Traditional techniques
Diversification
Relocation
Basket weaving
Innovative housing prototype
Floating agriculture
Experimental agriculture
Future expansion
bee farms
Blocks to be reappropiated Breaking rigidity Nursery & cattle shed Vehicle routes Settlement connections Pedestrian paths Initial guided habitation Shoreline protection Mangrove plantation Agricultural land Floating agriculture
Beyond Survival
Bhashan Char, Bangladesh
Empowering communities through co-creation
Collective knowledge platform (app)
Organic growth
Territorial Forest mapping
Landscape mapping
Disaster monitoring
Agricultural Techniques
Co-design
Co-implementation
Database
Technology
Guidelines
Prototype database
Collective feedback
Assesment & monitoring
Design Local Techniques
Planning Participatory workshop
Decision making
Service
Co-diagnostic
Blocks to be reappropiated
Co-evaluation
Elements to be reused
Utilities
Report
Reused elements in further expansion
New structures for the settlement
Locally available materials
∙
One block
New infrastructure
Modularity based on local techniques
Construction rubbles
Break water reefs
Temporality
Plantation of mangrove sapling
Diversification & Maintenance
Conservation & dependence
Fast growing trees Keora (Sonneratia apetala) Baen (Avicenna officinalis) Golpata (Nypa fruticans)
Diversified species Sundari (Heritiera fomes) Gewa (Excoecaria agllocha) Passur (Xylocarpus mekongensis) Bee farm
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Phase 1: Establishing identity through livelihood The aim of the first phase is to create identity through livelihood. Here we are emphasising on two of their traditional techniques, the weaving techniques with nypa palm leaves and floating vegetation.Three sets of programs, education, production and leisure are distributed in three different scales, neighborhood, inter neighbourhood and the settlement scale.
Agricultural research institute
Community center Social dining
Secluded space
Vocational school
Multi-media center
Leisure
Cyber cafe
Home based production Library
Theatre
Social shed
Hosting & socializing
book club
Playfield
Nursery
Boithok-khana (the common space)
Language cafe
Floating agriculture
Education
Cattle shed
Collective resource center
Inter neighborhood scale
Production
Weaving workshop Display center
Career counselling
Settlement scale
Floating vegetation Mangrove plantation
Cattle shed
Social shed Extension
Edible grove Boithok-khana Social shed
Playground Playground
Cyber cafe
Theatre
Community center
Display center Living room
Book club Extension
Career counseling Weaving workshop
Experimental nursery
Vocational school
Boithok-khana
Library
Social dining
Edible grove Farmers market Mangrove nursery
Multi-media center
Playfield
Living room
playground
Cattle shed
Agricultural research institute Boithok-khana Collective resource center
Language cafe
Beyond Survival
Cyber cafe
Bhashan Char, Bangladesh
Boithok-khana Fatema, a 15 years old girl is currently living in Bhashan char with her family. She helps her mother in her spare time to weave the baskets with nypa palm leaves, just like they used to do when they were living in Myanmar. It’s one of the things that makes her feel connected to her roots. They have made this structure in their neighborhood which they call “boithok-khana” means the living room. Here, they spend their leisure time with other families and sometimes she just goes to the upper floor to get some quiet time on her own.
The in-between Karim (age 28), an young adult, is currently associated with the experimental floating vegetation model in Bhashan Char. They are trying to figure out an adaptive approach for growing vegetables in the water. It has helped him learn new techniques and collaborate with other farmers. He really enjoys his work since it also gives him the scope to be creative. Now he is becoming more self reliant in his life and he is no longer dependent on the ration provided by the humanitarian organizations
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Beyond Survival
Bhashan Char, Bangladesh
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Phase 2: Empowering through collective knowledge In phase 2 the community will build a set of knowledge and skills, which will help them in the adaptation to the future changes, such as relocation elsewhere due to sea level rise. The programmatic set is transformed to the needs of the current phase. Thus, education is transformed into innovation through three core programs: civic center of innovations, design school and experimental platform for prototyping.
Tech gallery
Community center
Tech & Coding schools
Business incubator
Playfield
Social shed Social dining
Civic center of innovations
Collaborative space
Design school of local building materials & techniques
Smart street scope
Boithok-khana (the common space)
Nursery
Production Floating agriculture
Research & experimental lab
3D lab
Theatre Multi-media center
Cyber cafe
Innovation Experimental platform for prototyping “flood resilient houses”
Leisure
Cattle shed Collective resource center
Weaving workshop Career counselling
Display center
Inter neighborhood scale
Crafts market
Settlement scale
Design school of local building materials & techniques Cyber cafe Smart street scope Outdoor workshops Design school
Civic center of innovations
Social gathering
Display center Lecture hall Research center Open research lab Collaborative space
3D lab Experimental lab
Experimental platform for prototyping “flood resilient houses” Living units Community space Production units Experimental gardens
Beyond Survival
Bhashan Char, Bangladesh
Civic center Karim, who in the first phase was working with experimental floating vegetation, in the second phase is participating in a workshop in the civic center. Their ideas can then be exhibited in the outdoor display space. Additionally, they have the opportunity to get consultancy from business school and the research center on how to proceed with their project on vertical aquaculture units.
Entrepreneurship school
Technical school
Co-working
Shared resources
Memory center
Smart street scope
Outdoor collaborative space
Cyber cafe
Recreation Landmark
Display
Collaborative space
Wood workshop
Lecture hall
Weaving workshop
Green recreation
Design school
Design school Fatema is studying in design school in phase 2. She is working in a weaving workshop in collaboration with some residents. They can go to the cyber cafe in order to develop a 3D model of their facade for a living unit whereas other students from the technical school would work on the platform with a guide for this new technique. Fatema can also use a 3D printer from the collective resource center to prototype the facade.
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Phase 3- Coexistence with more than human commons Large share of land area of Bangladesh might be affected by sea-level rise by 2050. Considering the high density of Bangladesh, land will be a scarcity and most of the mainland will be heavily saturated with people. So, here we assume that relocation from Bhashan Char will take place in multiple sites and we have identified one sample location, Hatiya island to further explore the relocation scenario considering its’ proximity to Bhashan char.
Media center
Residential plug-in
Residential plug-in Workshops & labs
Floating vegetation
Residential plug-in
Meghana river
Modular market Floating vegetation
Nursery
Mangrove plantation
Sandwip
Hatiya
Mangrove plantation
Bhashan Char
Chattogram
Manpura Shoreline protection system
2030 +from Preparation for future relocation from Bhashan Char
+
from 2040
from 2050
+ Relocation of smaller communities to safer locations in
+ Relocation of large share of the population from
phases due to partial submergence of Bhashan char.
+
Harbour
Bhashan Char as most of the island is submerged
+
+
Relocation planning
Site planning
Disassembling structures
Assembling structures
- Finding places for possible relocation - Evaluating topography, land area and surroundings - Economic planning
- Choosing site for relocation - Scope assessment - Leasing land - Site visit - Data collection
- Engaging manpower - Dismantling structural elements - Co-ordinating the logistics
- Underpinning the structures and site - Construction of the house - Assemblage of memory and identity
Personal
+
Negotiation & consultancy - Meeting with community representatives - Voluntary selection process of people willing to move - Skills and value assessment
Beyond Survival
+
Route planning - Evaluating the routes and transportation logistics - Assessing manpower and cost - Selecting relocation methods
+
Transportation - Translocation on moving device - Engaging manpower - Co-ordination of the whole process
+
Co-creating communities & shoreline - Rebuilding the community programs with locals - Planting mangrove trees - Building shoreline protection
Bhashan Char, Bangladesh
Disassembling & Assembling One of the goals for the project is to increase preparedness. Hence, in this phase we considered the relocation process from the island before it gets entirely underwater with these cooperative steps which are distributed through the time.
x12 Roof
x36 Bamboo columns 4 m
x1 Door panels
Single family house made out of 3 modular units (4*4 m)
x3 Floor structure
x21 Wall panels
x12 Floating units
Planning
3-4 People can disassemble or assemble the house within 2 days Service
x10 Window panels
Assessment & monitoring
Utilities
x8 Perforated panels
Decision making
x12 Footing
Report
x240 Bamboo columns 3 m
Relocation Fatema and Karim along with many others are co-creating their community in the new place. Karim is teaching mangrove plantation techniques to a student, whereas Fatema is guiding the process of assembling modular floating houses.
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Co-authors: Niveda Karuppuswamy, Jingwen Qin Supervisors: Alejandra Navarrete Llopis
Ecologies Studio, 2020
Weaving Health
Designing wellness into the city Sedentary Lifestyle
50% population
is overweight or obese
digital-intensive physically inactive work
car-oriented movement and city design
consumer-driven leisure
In Sweden, 50% of its population show tendencies of overweight and obesity. This scenario of growing public health issues due to sedentary lifestyle and the current corona crisis has shined a spotlight on the importance of the inherent health and immunity of our bodies. Our research revealed that the city of Stockholm does not respond efficiently to the physical activity needs of the people, at present. The design proposal is a response to this stagnation. Our aim is to integrate seamless patterns of physical activity within everyday lifestyles of residents. The proposal aims to modify the city of Stockholm as a host to existing patterns and also to encourage subliminal spontaneous activity. Through this project, we tried to explore how interventions in the built environment could create an active population. From history, we can see that not until the industrial revolution that people realized the importance of good environmental quality in our health and wellbeing. With the turn of the century, human wellness (the act of practicing healthy habits on a daily basis) has been commercialized and individualized rather than prioritizing as a rational choice(easily available, accessible, and economically affordable for all) in our city design. Our project “Weaving Health: Designing wellness into the city” is a manifestation of integrating wellness in our current city design by creating a wellness network.
Weaving Health
Stockholm,Sweden
Timeline To understand the relationship between physical activity and our lifestyle, we looked into how the city has responded to the health of the body in the past. Health was institutionalised and taught at first, then commercialised and individualised in an effort to make it publicly accessible. Preventive urban design of the 20th century does not include designing for individualised physical activity as an aspect of priority.
GIH
Health for Survival
Academic works, 2020
Health Being Institutionalised
Until 8000 BC
15th Century
19th Century
Nomadic hunter-gatherers and agricultural civilizations
War and feudalism, exclusive military training for noble families.
Industrialisation and sedentary lifestyle, health was researched, taught and practiced.
TYRESÖ GYM
GIH
Health for Defence
SUPERKILEN
Health Being Commercialised
Health Being Externalised
Health Being Individualised
20th Century
Late 20th Century
Early 21st Century
Rise of gym culture, home fitness and exclusive accessiblity.
Superficial and segregated ‘green’ consisting of parks, playgrounds, bike tracks and pedestrian streets.
Social media, portable gadgets and apps for monitoring and assessing work out sessions.
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Cartography Through the cartography process, we explored the available options for physical health and well being in Stockholm. First step was to map the most used spaces for physical activity by residents, we used heatmap from strava to include the data of people working out for eg. running, jogging, cycling, swimming and winter sports. Noteworthy finding was that the pathways close to water are being mostly used for physical activity and main streets are the most active ones for physical activity, not parks.
Distribution of health infrastructure Mixed land use Park area Gym Swimming pool Sports Hall Sports field Outdoor gym Park Street Data source: Global Heatmap from Strava
+
+ Vasastan
+
least active
Weaving Health
Kungsholmen
+
most active
Stockholm,Sweden
walkway St. eriksplan park
8
active street inside the city
13
Kungholmen
railway & highway
water
13
5
4
Vasastan
most active route Odenplan
moderately active route pause 1-5
6-9
>10
8
9
6
Vasaparken 5
2
Vasastan 4
8
12
13
13
Kungsholmen
12 5
school
hospital
Academic works, 2020
gallery/museum
8
residential building
retail+residential building
official building
Lamia Ahmed Portfolio Kronobergsparken
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Masterplan To achieve an integrated network, a wellness system has been waved conceptually into the city, by stitching the wellness routes, urban wellness programs and water edge spatially, to form an integrated wellness network. This weaved and integrated network can be seen as a host to the existing physical activity patterns of people and encourage subliminal patterns of activity for the people who move through it.
Wellness Routes
Weaving Health
Wellness Services
Linear Water Edge
Wellness Network
Stockholm,Sweden
building
4m
2m
8m
2m
4m
building
building
cycle route
2m
18m
2m
6m
gamified wellness route
wellness route
wellness route
6m
wellness route
extended health services
cycle route
building
cycle route
bus stop
Wellness route
Gamified Wellness route
The wellness routes combine the use of colour, texture and different play equipments along its way which instigates movement and activity among the citizens.
These routes are similar to wellness routes, however they have the quality to be converted into different games such as orienteering or relay race or in association with different online games and apps.
tactical play area
tactical play area wellness route
metro station
wellness route bus stop
rest stop
Academic works, 2020
Refresh pause
Rest pause
Refresh pauses appear every 400- 500 m, typically associated with the metro stations. The pauses combine the use of colour, texture and different play equipments along with the refresh stops so that people can get changed after a run on their way to work.
Tactical insertions along the wellness routes which combines the use of colour, texture and different play equipments which instigates movement and activity among the users. The rest pauses are associated with the bus stops in most places within the city.
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Route illustration - on the way to work
I can go to school safely on this route!
This new continious route helps my training!
Weaving Health
Oh! I lov Oh! I have finished my run on time! Now I can get changed and go to work
Stockholm,Sweden
Colours! ve it!
Mom! I want to play too!
Academic works, 2020
I bet I can jump that high!
Oh! I can explore the city with the kids on this route!
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Detail plan 1
Detail plan 2
Weaving Health
Stockholm,Sweden
Route illustration - lunch break
I really like spending time with my family by the water! So many options for play here!
Thankfully I can get some fresh air while working from home during the lunch break!
It’s nice to catch up with my friend during the lunch break!
It’s nice to sit here quietly with my dog and have lunch!
It’s so nice that you can buy fresh vegetables so close to home!
Bored? Having a bad day? Punch me!
This game on the blue route is fun!
Route illustration - evening play
Do you wanna walk and grab a coffee?
Hey dad! Can I go play with my friends while you watch the game?
I am so excited to catch the game while my friends are late!
It’s so convenient that all three of us can spend some quality time while working out! Oh! Maybe next time I can also workout here after buying groceries!
Oh! Now I can watch the game before I head home! It’s so convenient to come here and meet my friend by myself!
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Weaving Health
Stockholm,Sweden
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Supervisors: Alejandra Navarrete Llopis, Hanna Erixon Aalto
Situations Studio, 2020
Activating Oxelösund: Designing the creative shift
The small fishing town named Oxelösund which is just one hour south of Stockholm developed significantly after the formation of Sweden’s largest steel production company SSAB in 1913. Although the city has potential significance as a seasonal touristic destination to some extent, however, it is still largely dependent on only one industry economically, socially and politically. The neighborhoods were planned and built at different stages of the timeline of the city. However, all these planned areas lack integration among themselves and as a result has created fragmented and isolated bubbles. Hence, the design exploration for Oxelösund would primarily be based on how to change the current fragmented scenario of the city and the imbalanced dependency on only one industry and respectively formulating design strategies for making it more cohesive and independent. So the idea is to bring in one significant catalyst in the area which in turn would create the framework for new opportunities and possibilities to grow. Careful insertion of the new catalyst which is a technical university would activate the area with new actors which would have both immediate and long term aftereffects in the city.
Activating Oxelösund
Oxelösund, Sweden
Supersection Supersection throughthrough the town the: town centrum : centrum
Supersection Supersection throughthrough the town the: town gamla: gamla
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SITUATION 1 2020
2030
+
2025
• singular economy
• business campus established
• fragmented isolated bubbles
2040
• technology campus established
2045
• environment campus established
• design campus established
• Singular economy
• pollution
• emerging entrepreneurs
• added polpulation due to university will be 400
• polpulation 12000
workplaces
housing
2035
reused garage
active ground floor
new accomodation
revitalized coworking spaces
different apartment sizes
new coworking places
• fossil fuel free ssab
infrustructure
recreation
train station for public
overlooking balcony
ecology
earth remediation
revitalizing the existing proposed new
e-bike station
logistic corridor
bus stop
waterfront promenade
proposed wetland
networking platforms
Ecological connectivity
e-bike station
New accomodation
new workshops
new walkways
new restaurants and shops
new allotment garden
new multipurpose hall
new green houses
Overall strategies
Activating Oxelösund
Oxelösund, Sweden
SITUATION 2 2050
+
SITUATION 3 2055
2060
2065
+2070
• economical diversification started
• diversified economy
• pollution mitigation strategis in action
• polpulation 17,866
• grounded in nature
• population 14,650
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SITUATION 1: 2030
positive learning environment
Campus integrated with the community
proximity to nature
networking platforms
integrated local food production PATH TOWARDS TECHNOLOGY CAMPUS
PATH TOWARDS TECHNOLOGY CAMPUS
BIKIN SHARED STREET BUFFER GREEN
SHARED STREET
RENOVATED ECO MUSEUM
EBIKE STATION WATERFRONT PROMENADE BUS STOP
EBIKE STATION
EXISTING MARITIME MUSEUM
RENOVATED GARAGES AS HOUSES
Activating Oxelösund
Oxelösund, Sweden
legend university campus
new train station
networking platform
stormwater filteration
administration
bus stop
workshop
local food production
multipurpose hall
e-bike station
restaurnat
hydroponics
eco museum
shared street
recreation
buffer green
new accomodation
biking path
water plaza
shoreline park
renovated garage houses
solar panels
waterfront promenade
skating park
NEW STUDENT ACCOMODATION
EBIKE STATION
NG PATH
BIKING PATH EBIKE STATION
NEW STUDENT ACCOMODATION
BUS STOP
BUS STOP EBIKE STATION
TRAIN STATION NEW STUDENT ACCOMODATION
STORMWATER FILTERATION WETLAND
BUS STOP
EBIKE STATION
SHARED STREET
EBIKE STATION
ADMINISTRATION MULTI PURPOSE HALL
UNIVERSITY CAMPUS
HYDROPONICS
SKATING PARK
RESTAURANTS
WORKSHOP
SOLAR PANELS
NETWORKING PLATFORM
NEW STUDENT ACCOMODATION
WATER PLAZA EBIKE STATION SHORELINE PARK
Academic works, 2020
WORKSHOP
RECREATIONAL FACILITIES
LOCAL FOOD PRODUCTION
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SITUATION 2: 2050
proximity to nature
positive learning environment
connectivity
different age group within the same area
integrated local food production
positive working environment
networking platforms
flow within the neighborhoods
Activating Oxelösund
Oxelösund, Sweden
legend
Academic works, 2020
walkway
new housing
retrofitted shared facility
hydroponics
shared street
co working areas
retrofitted verendah overlooking
networking platforms
logistic corridor
multi-purpose hall
the courtyards
wetland
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SITUATION 3: 2070
no coal
compaction reduction
ssab stop using coal by 2045
for drainage and to improve rooting depth
Activating Oxelösund
earth healing
vegetation
nutrients
additional soil
letting the area heal
growth of vegetation
compost from the city for organic growth
additional soil from the previously proposed wetland
Oxelösund, Sweden
legend
Academic works, 2020
walkway
new housing
shared facility
hydroponics
shared street
co working areas
verendah overlooking
networking platforms
allotment garden
other functions
the courtyards
green water edge
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Revitalized public courtyards
coworking spaces
networking platform
retrofitted verendah overlooking the courtyards
Reusing abandoned parking lots
coworking space and new housing
logistic corridor retrofitted shared facility
courtyard
retrofitted shared facility
hydroponic garden
Revitalizing car dominated roads to pedestrian friendly streets
logistic corridor OPEN PASSAGE THROUGH GROUND FLOORS
boulevard
PUBLIC ART
Connection with nature
open passage through ground floors
Activating Oxelösund
coworking space and new housing
hydroponic garden
connected and close to nature
Oxelösund, Sweden
Earth Remediation
Academic works, 2020
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Supervisors: Prof Shayer Ghafur Kaji Fahriba Mustafa
Bachelor’s Thesis, 2017
Impact Resilient Homestead In char areas of Faridpur, Bangladesh
In the dynamics of erosion and accretion in the rivers of Bangladesh, the sand bars emerging as islands (char) within the river channel, creates new opportunities to establish new settlements and pursue agricultural activities on those islands. Fragile physical environment, limited assets, reduced income opportunities, remoteness and absence of mainland institutions and service together make char dwellers livelihoods particularly vulnerable to extreme poverty and destitutions. For its geographic location, char areas are severely vulnerable to riverbank erosion, flood and other natural disasters, which leads to permanent loss of agricultural lands as well as homesteads. The affected communities often take refuge on nearby embankments or migrate to big cities and deteriorate the urban living conditions with increasing number of slums. To cope with the river and its morphological change people are dependent on their traditional strategies and very few steps have been taken to mitigate the adverse effect and increase their adaptability to the situation. So, the focus of the thesis is to build resilient communities by identifying and investigating the problems in the traditional approach of house design in chars so that they can adapt, withstand and quickly recover from natural disasters like flood and riverbank erosion. The site for investigation has been selected in Decreer char, Faridpur. The idea is to generate an adaptable solution by improving the traditional approach and method of house design by using local indigenous materials and simple low cost technologies for char land people.
Impact Resilient Homestead
Faridpur, Bangladesh
Disaster resiliency
TOTAL SYSTEM
individual, a household, a community, a country, or a region to “The ability of anwithstand, adapt and quickly recover from stresses and shocks
“
INDIVIDUAL
HOUSEHOLD
(European Commission, 2012) COMMUNITY
REGION
Existing system
Disaster
Recover
Response
Recovery time
Resilient system
Disaster
Response
Recover Recovery time
Disaster preparedness by risk mitigation
Reducing exposure to the hazard
Vulnerability reduction
Social and technical improvement
Withstand
Academic works, 2017
Adapt
Quickly recover
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Settlement pattern Site: Decreer char Cultivated and settled for 10 years Area: 6505 acre
Evolution type of a charland
Settlement and cultivation at the same time
1
First gets settled and then cultivated
2
First gets cultivated and then settled
3
Connectivity route
Bridge
Neighborhood roads
Service facilities
Raised mound
Mud road
Small shops
Primary school
Mode of transportation
Van
Pulling cart
Impact Resilient Homestead
No clinic
Energy sources
Boat
Troller
Drinking water
Fuel
solar panel
Faridpur, Bangladesh
Activities
Interior zoning 17’-26’
S leeping
7’
Table Bed
Eating
Resting
Reading
Store
13’
Entry
Bed
Store
Table Entry
Homestead element: Dwelling unit
Activities
Interior zoning
7’
10’-15’ Cow rearing
cooker
dry store
Storing fodder
Goat rearing
7’
Entry
cooker
storage space
Entry
Homestead element: Kitchen
Activities
Interior zoning 10’-15’
7’
Cooking night time cattle shed
storage space
Eating
Food storing
Fuel storing
7’
Entry
day time cattle shed
storage space
Entry
Homestead element: Cattle shed Academic works, 2017
Lamia Ahmed Portfolio
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DIisaster and climate resiliency Resilient
Less resilient
Vulnerable
Extremely vulnerable
Heat
Rain
Cold wave
Storm
Flood
Erosion
Plinth Earthen plinth keeps the interior cool and is convenient for erosion prone areas but gets muddy and dump after flood. Coating of cow-dung increases durability of earthen plinths. Scaffoldings in the interior are convenient for taking shelter during flood.
Earthen plinth Scaffolding inside the house
Structure Structures are the main support system of the building which tends to collapse in case of heavy wind or horizontal force created by the flood wave, cross bracing proved to be effective than buttressing. Bamboo or wooden structural elements need special coating of weather proofing and avoidance of direct contact with the ground proved to be long lasting. Rope and screw joints make dismantling possible in case of emergency.
Bamboo/ wooden posts; without bracing Braced structure
Nail joints Rope/ screw joints
Roof Among different shapes of the roof hipped roof with an angle of 30-45° proved to be most stable in case of heavy wind Thatch roof with a layer of polythene sheet is both heat and rain water resilient but needs continuous maintenance. Ceiling made of insulating material makes corrugated iron sheet roof better heat resilient. And CI sheet roof needs less maintenance but gets affected by thunder storm. Ceiling space under the roof works as a convenient space for taking shelter during flood. Eave projection of the roof should be kept minimum (less than 2’6”) as wind force builds up under projected space.
Thatched mono-pitched roof Gable ended CI sheet roof Hipped roof CI sheet; nail joints roof with rope/ screw joints
Wall Combination of thatch and CI sheet performs better. Segment of the wall with higher probability of getting in touch with water should be built with CI sheet. And section of the wall responsible for occupants’ thermal comfort should be built with thatch or reed. Walls with provision of cross-ventilation prevents wind pressure build up and are proved to be resilient during storm Modular walls of proper dimension make dismantling and relocation easy
Thatch wall Combination of thatch & CI sheet CI sheet wall; fixed joints
Door & window Openings with shutters and shading devices give better climatic protection
Without shutters & shadings
Openings placed at opposite walls prevents the structure from collapsing
With shutters & shadings
Impact Resilient Homestead
Faridpur, Bangladesh
Resiliency during flood Vulnerable
Resilient
Dwelling unit
Agricultural field
River
Dwelling unit
Road
Agricultural field
River
Dwelling unit
Homestead connected with road
Dispersed homestead without road connectivity
Absent
Road Neighbor- Agricultural field hood
River
Homestead with surrounding neighborhood and road
0 DAYS
5 DAYS
10 DAYS
15 DAYS
20 DAYS
Basic needs
Shelter
Water
Academic works, 2017
Food
services
Sanitation
Community
Fuel
Education
Economy
Health
Bazar
Livestock
Agriculture
fisheries
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Impact Resilient Homestead
Faridpur, Bangladesh
Academic works, 2017
Lamia Ahmed Portfolio
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Design formation housing structure 6’
Context appropiate Existing culture and habit Functional zoning and activities Material selection and construction technique
Affordable Local material Easily available Low cost Easily buildable by local craftsmen
6’
6’
6’
Sustainable
6’
Solar panel Rain water harvesting Use of Local material
6’
Scaffolding structure: Adjustable height and floating capacity Scaffolding inside the house, adjustable height and floating capacity for emergency situation
RAIN WATER HARVESTING GUTTER SOLAR PANEL
VEGETATION AND MACHA FOR SLOPE PROTECTION
Impact Resilient Homestead
EMERGENCY EVACUATION SPACE
DRAINAGE SLOPE
Faridpur, Bangladesh
Modular
Climatic factors
Structure can be customized, walls can be altered and joints are easily removable
Thermal comfort; wall and roof Light and ventilation
Segmented wall
joint A
Stable structures
d
Hipped roof for stability Limited eave projection Cross bressing structure
Considering flood and rain water and easily replacable
joint b
b 3’
3’
2’6”
7’
hot air ventilation
joint c
thermal comfort
a
joint d 2’6”
flood and rain water resiliency
c
COMMON TOILET AND TUBEWELL FACILITYIN A RAISED PLINTH
Academic works, 2017
Lamia Ahmed Portfolio
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Impact Resilient Homestead
Faridpur, Bangladesh
Academic works, 2017
Lamia Ahmed Portfolio
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Firm: Vitti Sthapati Brindo Ltd.
Project Architect, 2018
Karwan Bazar Park
Upgradation, regeneration and greening of parks
Karwan Bazar Park created an opportunity to design on a highly complex site within a heavily urban context. The park is in the crossroad of an eminence transformation of land use and the major complexity is that the site is changing towards a new dimension of future. The space which is a market area now, would soon become a commercial and business district in the future. The design concept was to cater the park with facilities that both the present and future can behold. For that reason, the primary intension was to integrate the diversity of land use, with clear demarcation and distinctive sanctity. Existing secondary transfer station (STS) and temporary hawker placement were improved qualitatively along with revitalization of green, flora- fauna and provision of basic public facilities. A public toilet is designed in the south-east corner of the park. Additionally, four group sitting areas with shading trees are designed in the western side of the park. The concept was to raise the edge of the park to keep it free from any encroachment and sloped edge planted with grass is designed to create a green vista.
Karwan Bazar Park
Dhaka,Bangladesh
C
C
Professional work, 2018 D B
SECTION CC Household products Park boundary
SECTION AA
Household products
Fish and grocery market
A
Existing plan
Plastic shops
Hardware shops
A
Plastic product and garments
Wood workshop
Gatehouse
Clothing and electric shops
Temporary shops
Emergency warehouse
Existing road cross-sections
SECTION BB
B
D
SECTION DD
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Design Considerations
Defined space for temporary shops and raised threshold to prevent encroachment of the park
Sloped open space for gathering and green shaded space for seating
Raised threshold to prevent encroachment and also for serving as an interactive platform for the park
Karwan Bazar Park
Dhaka,Bangladesh
Existing warehouse Redsesigned STS Public toilet Open field Raised platform Shaded seating Temporary shops Walkway Footpath
Professional work, 2018
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Karwan Bazar Park
Dhaka,Bangladesh
Professional work, 2018
Lamia Ahmed Portfolio
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LAMIA AHMED
Architect | Urban Designer
+46 79 330 96 43 lamia3445@gmail.com www.linkedin.com/in/lamiaahmedhimi/