Lamia Ahmed | Portfolio 2021

PORTFOLIO, 2021

LAMIA AHMED

ACADEMIC AND PROFESSIONAL WORK

Co-author: Mariia Smoliakova Supervisor: Alejandra Navarrete Llopis

Master’s Thesis, 2021

Beyond Survival Building resilient communities through co-creation for the rohingya refugees of Bangladesh

Author: Jonas Bendiksen

The project focuses on the Rohingya refugee issue. In 2017 thousands of people had to cross the borders of Myanmar due to mass genocide triggered by ethnic cleansing and around 800,000 of them flee to Bangladesh as refugees. Whereas, Bangladesh has 2 million informal settlers of its own known as internally displaced people (IDPs) who have been displaced due to extreme climatic conditions. So, we are dealing with the issue of how refugees can coexist in a country where there are already thousands homeless.

Currently, the government has built a settlement for 100,000 people on a newly emerged island, Bhashan Char in the Bay of Bengal.

Thousands of Rohingya refugees are already being relocated there.

However, with the predicted sea-level rise not only the island but the majority of the coastal area of Bangladesh might go underwater. Our project is an attempt to imagine a resilient community, where both refugees and Bangladeshi people will be able to coexist in Bhashan Char, build empathy for each other, and be able to co-develop preparedness for future changes connected to sea-level rise using local potential. Hence, the aim of our project is to establish conditions of co-existence for the refugees and IDPs of Bangladesh where they can co-create resilient communities in connection with the local context and the changing environment.

Beyond Survival

Bhashan Char, Bangladesh

Bangladesh

1%

of Humanity are Displaced

Refugees

Returnees

Asylum-seekers

Stateless persons

IDPs

Others Source: UNHCR, 2019

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Chapter 1: The story of the displaced people Since Bangladesh is a delta, two-thirds of the country is less than 5 m above sea-level. Large share of the land might be vulnerable to the sea-level rise, including Bhashan char.

Moreover, Bangladesh is a densely populated country where Rohingya refugees are living in 34 extremely congested camps in Cox Bazar which has ruined the ecosystem of the hill tracts of the region in the Southern part of the country.Now Bangladesh is proposing to relocate 100,000 refugees to a remote island in the bay of Bengal, which is called Bhashan Char.

Kutupalong

Bangladesh

Myanmar

Kutupalong expansion Hakimpara, Jamtoli, Moynarghona

India

Bangladesh

Chakmarkul

India

Shamlapur

Unchiprang Alikhali Leda

Villages destroyed by fire in August 2017

Nayapara camp Jadimura

Myanmar

Flood prone area Erosion prone area Coastal areas vulnerable to sea level rise

Camps

Rakhine state

Location of the camps

Source: UN/ Relief Web / OCHA / Inter Sector Coordinator Group, 2020

Bhashan Char

Lifestyle of Rohingya people in the built structures of Bhashan Char

Beyond Survival

Camp

Lifestyle of Rohingya refugees in the camps of Bangladesh

Bhashan Char, Bangladesh

MYANMAR 1800

Burmese government considers the migration during this period illegal, and refuses citizenship to the Rohingya.

1948

After independence from British rule, Muslim rebellion erupts in Rakhine State.

1962

Military rule begins in Burma.

1977 - 82

Among 135 national ethnic groups, Rohingyas were excluded and rendered stateless.

1989 - 91

Burma was renamed Myanmar.

Military crackdown, another 50,000 refugees flee to Bangladesh.

1992 - 94

The Myanmar and Bangladesh governments agree to repatriate refugees. Hundreds of thousands of people return to Myanmar over several years.

BANGLADESH East Pakistan was formed as a following the end of British rule, combining current Bangladesh and Pakistan.

1947

Bangladesh became independent.

1971

In Bangladesh famine and flooding left an estimated 27,000 people dead.

1974

Thirteen camps for the refugees were established. Repatriation took place.

1982

Massive flood inundated three-quarters of the country. Half a million were left homeless and 1300 were killed after a cyclone hit Bangladesh.

1987 - 88

Death toll rose above 1,500 due to flooding and stranded more than 30 million people.

2004

Cyclone Sidr killed 4234 people and left millions homeless

2007

Cyclone Aila destroyed thousands of homes.

2009

Cyclone Roanu killed at least 11.

100,000 people were displaced.

2016

2014

Myanmar’s first census in 30 years, the Rohingya are still not included as an ethnic group.

Cyclone Fani and Bulbul hit Bangladesh.

Severe flooding displaced 800,000 people and inundated a third of the country.

2019

2017

Horrific violence and terror targeting the Rohingya community. More than 700,000 Rohingya flee Myanmar.

Bangladesh started relocating Rohingya refugees in a remote island.

2020

2021

Myanmar's military seized power after detaining Aung San Suu Kyi and other leaders.

Source: Timelines, 2020 and World Vision, 2020

Bangladesh

Lifestyle of Bangladeshi people in the villages

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Myanmar

Lifestyle of Rohingya people in the country of their origin

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Chapter 2: The story of the disappearing land The site is located in a river estuary where the islands continually change their shapes as erosion and accretion are a common natural phenomena.

Compared to the gradual inhabitation process of the islands, here a whole settlement was built within 2 years to accommodate 100,000 people.

91’18E

91’20E

91’22E

91’24E

91’26E

91’18E

Nov. 25

91’22E

91’24E

91’26E

91’18E

91’20E

91’22E

91’24E

91’26E

22’24N

22’24N

22’24N

22’26N

22’26N

22’26N

22’28N

2005

91’20E

2011

Nov. 10

22’28N

22’28N

2015 Nov. 6

Cyclone shelter Water pond

Elevation 1.2 m Toilets

Room 3.7*4.3 m Kitchen

Building module

Beyond Survival

Bhashan Char, Bangladesh

High tide Low tide

Resident birds Kingfisher, dove, cuckoo, crow, bulbul, myna, robin, lora

Mangrove species Sonneratia apetala (Keora), Exceoecaria agallocha L. (Gewoa), Nypa fruticans (Golpata)

Animals

Migratory birds

Buffalo, cow, goat

Spoonbill Sandpiper (critically endangered) Nordmann’s Greenshank (endangered)

Fishes

Seagrass

Invertebrates

Hilsha, pangas, Halodule univervis, river dolphin Halophila decipiens, Ruppia maritima

Benthic organisms, molluscs, and marine worms

A

Moat Embankment Siltation

B C

Helipad 2&3 Admin buildings

School One module Mosque Solar panel VIP guest house Light house Helipad 1 Sea port

Formulated forest Clustered trees Unformulated vegetation

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Chapter 3: The framework of co-creating resilient communities The aim of the project is to establish conditions of coexistence for the refugees and IDPs of Bangladesh where they can co-create resilient communities in connection with the local context and the changing environment in collaboration with the NGOs and government. And for that we have used phasing design in three times, 2024, 2030 and 2040.

Phase 1

+2021

+ 2024

Establishing identity through livelihood

Phase 2

through collective knowledge + Empowering 2030

Phase 3

with more than human commons +Coexistence 2040 +

Population 10, 000

Population 75,000

Housing

Housing

Basic services

Diversification

+

+

+

+ Smaller communities

Population 125,000

+

+

Housing

Housing

+

+ +

Nypa palm Mangrove

Traditional techniques

Diversification

Relocation

Basket weaving

Innovative housing prototype

Floating agriculture

Experimental agriculture

Future expansion

bee farms

Blocks to be reappropiated Breaking rigidity Nursery & cattle shed Vehicle routes Settlement connections Pedestrian paths Initial guided habitation Shoreline protection Mangrove plantation Agricultural land Floating agriculture

Beyond Survival

Bhashan Char, Bangladesh

Empowering communities through co-creation

Collective knowledge platform (app)

Organic growth

Territorial Forest mapping

Landscape mapping

Disaster monitoring

Agricultural Techniques

Co-design

Co-implementation

Database

Technology

Guidelines

Prototype database

Collective feedback

Assesment & monitoring

Design Local Techniques

Planning Participatory workshop

Decision making

Service

Co-diagnostic

Blocks to be reappropiated

Co-evaluation

Elements to be reused

Utilities

Report

Reused elements in further expansion

New structures for the settlement

Locally available materials

∙

One block

New infrastructure

Modularity based on local techniques

Construction rubbles

Break water reefs

Temporality

Plantation of mangrove sapling

Diversification & Maintenance

Conservation & dependence

Fast growing trees Keora (Sonneratia apetala) Baen (Avicenna officinalis) Golpata (Nypa fruticans)

Diversified species Sundari (Heritiera fomes) Gewa (Excoecaria agllocha) Passur (Xylocarpus mekongensis) Bee farm

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Phase 1: Establishing identity through livelihood The aim of the first phase is to create identity through livelihood. Here we are emphasising on two of their traditional techniques, the weaving techniques with nypa palm leaves and floating vegetation.Three sets of programs, education, production and leisure are distributed in three different scales, neighborhood, inter neighbourhood and the settlement scale.

Agricultural research institute

Community center Social dining

Secluded space

Vocational school

Multi-media center

Leisure

Cyber cafe

Home based production Library

Theatre

Social shed

Hosting & socializing

book club

Playfield

Nursery

Boithok-khana (the common space)

Language cafe

Floating agriculture

Education

Cattle shed

Collective resource center

Inter neighborhood scale

Production

Weaving workshop Display center

Career counselling

Settlement scale

Floating vegetation Mangrove plantation

Cattle shed

Social shed Extension

Edible grove Boithok-khana Social shed

Playground Playground

Cyber cafe

Theatre

Community center

Display center Living room

Book club Extension

Career counseling Weaving workshop

Experimental nursery

Vocational school

Boithok-khana

Library

Social dining

Edible grove Farmers market Mangrove nursery

Multi-media center

Playfield

Living room

playground

Cattle shed

Agricultural research institute Boithok-khana Collective resource center

Language cafe

Beyond Survival

Cyber cafe

Bhashan Char, Bangladesh

Boithok-khana Fatema, a 15 years old girl is currently living in Bhashan char with her family. She helps her mother in her spare time to weave the baskets with nypa palm leaves, just like they used to do when they were living in Myanmar. It’s one of the things that makes her feel connected to her roots. They have made this structure in their neighborhood which they call “boithok-khana” means the living room. Here, they spend their leisure time with other families and sometimes she just goes to the upper floor to get some quiet time on her own.

The in-between Karim (age 28), an young adult, is currently associated with the experimental floating vegetation model in Bhashan Char. They are trying to figure out an adaptive approach for growing vegetables in the water. It has helped him learn new techniques and collaborate with other farmers. He really enjoys his work since it also gives him the scope to be creative. Now he is becoming more self reliant in his life and he is no longer dependent on the ration provided by the humanitarian organizations

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Beyond Survival

Bhashan Char, Bangladesh

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Phase 2: Empowering through collective knowledge In phase 2 the community will build a set of knowledge and skills, which will help them in the adaptation to the future changes, such as relocation elsewhere due to sea level rise. The programmatic set is transformed to the needs of the current phase. Thus, education is transformed into innovation through three core programs: civic center of innovations, design school and experimental platform for prototyping.

Tech gallery

Community center

Tech & Coding schools

Business incubator

Playfield

Social shed Social dining

Civic center of innovations

Collaborative space

Design school of local building materials & techniques

Smart street scope

Boithok-khana (the common space)

Nursery

Production Floating agriculture

Research & experimental lab

3D lab

Theatre Multi-media center

Cyber cafe

Innovation Experimental platform for prototyping “flood resilient houses”

Leisure

Cattle shed Collective resource center

Weaving workshop Career counselling

Display center

Inter neighborhood scale

Crafts market

Settlement scale

Design school of local building materials & techniques Cyber cafe Smart street scope Outdoor workshops Design school

Civic center of innovations

Social gathering

Display center Lecture hall Research center Open research lab Collaborative space

3D lab Experimental lab

Experimental platform for prototyping “flood resilient houses” Living units Community space Production units Experimental gardens

Beyond Survival

Bhashan Char, Bangladesh

Civic center Karim, who in the first phase was working with experimental floating vegetation, in the second phase is participating in a workshop in the civic center. Their ideas can then be exhibited in the outdoor display space. Additionally, they have the opportunity to get consultancy from business school and the research center on how to proceed with their project on vertical aquaculture units.

Entrepreneurship school

Technical school

Co-working

Shared resources

Memory center

Smart street scope

Outdoor collaborative space

Cyber cafe

Recreation Landmark

Display

Collaborative space

Wood workshop

Lecture hall

Weaving workshop

Green recreation

Design school

Design school Fatema is studying in design school in phase 2.

She is working in a weaving workshop in collaboration with some residents. They can go to the cyber cafe in order to develop a 3D model of their facade for a living unit whereas other students from the technical school would work on the platform with a guide for this new technique.

Fatema can also use a 3D printer from the collective resource center to prototype the facade.

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Phase 3- Coexistence with more than human commons Large share of land area of Bangladesh might be affected by sea-level rise by 2050. Considering the high density of Bangladesh, land will be a scarcity and most of the mainland will be heavily saturated with people. So, here we assume that relocation from Bhashan Char will take place in multiple sites and we have identified one sample location, Hatiya island to further explore the relocation scenario considering its’ proximity to Bhashan char.

Media center

Residential plug-in

Residential plug-in Workshops & labs

Floating vegetation

Residential plug-in

Meghana river

Modular market Floating vegetation

Nursery

Mangrove plantation

Sandwip

Hatiya

Mangrove plantation

Bhashan Char

Chattogram

Manpura Shoreline protection system

2030 +from Preparation for future relocation from Bhashan Char

+

from 2040

from 2050

+ Relocation of smaller communities to safer locations in

+ Relocation of large share of the population from

phases due to partial submergence of Bhashan char.

+

Harbour

Bhashan Char as most of the island is submerged

+

+

Relocation planning

Site planning

Disassembling structures

Assembling structures

- Finding places for possible relocation - Evaluating topography, land area and surroundings - Economic planning

- Choosing site for relocation - Scope assessment - Leasing land - Site visit - Data collection

- Engaging manpower - Dismantling structural elements - Co-ordinating the logistics

- Underpinning the structures and site - Construction of the house - Assemblage of memory and identity

Personal

+

Negotiation & consultancy - Meeting with community representatives - Voluntary selection process of people willing to move - Skills and value assessment

Beyond Survival

+

Route planning - Evaluating the routes and transportation logistics - Assessing manpower and cost - Selecting relocation methods

+

Transportation - Translocation on moving device - Engaging manpower - Co-ordination of the whole process

+

Co-creating communities & shoreline - Rebuilding the community programs with locals - Planting mangrove trees - Building shoreline protection

Bhashan Char, Bangladesh

Disassembling & Assembling One of the goals for the project is to increase preparedness. Hence, in this phase we considered the relocation process from the island before it gets entirely underwater with these cooperative steps which are distributed through the time.

x12 Roof

x36 Bamboo columns 4 m

x1 Door panels

Single family house made out of 3 modular units (4*4 m)

x3 Floor structure

x21 Wall panels

x12 Floating units

Planning

3-4 People can disassemble or assemble the house within 2 days Service

x10 Window panels

Assessment & monitoring

Utilities

x8 Perforated panels

Decision making

x12 Footing

Report

x240 Bamboo columns 3 m

Relocation Fatema and Karim along with many others are co-creating their community in the new place.

Karim is teaching mangrove plantation techniques to a student, whereas Fatema is guiding the process of assembling modular floating houses.

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Co-authors: Niveda Karuppuswamy, Jingwen Qin Supervisors: Alejandra Navarrete Llopis

Ecologies Studio, 2020

Weaving Health

Designing wellness into the city Sedentary Lifestyle

50% population

is overweight or obese

digital-intensive physically inactive work

car-oriented movement and city design

consumer-driven leisure

In Sweden, 50% of its population show tendencies of overweight and obesity. This scenario of growing public health issues due to sedentary lifestyle and the current corona crisis has shined a spotlight on the importance of the inherent health and immunity of our bodies. Our research revealed that the city of Stockholm does not respond efficiently to the physical activity needs of the people, at present. The design proposal is a response to this stagnation. Our aim is to integrate seamless patterns of physical activity within everyday lifestyles of residents. The proposal aims to modify the city of Stockholm as a host to existing patterns and also to encourage subliminal spontaneous activity.

Through this project, we tried to explore how interventions in the built environment could create an active population. From history, we can see that not until the industrial revolution that people realized the importance of good environmental quality in our health and wellbeing.

With the turn of the century, human wellness (the act of practicing healthy habits on a daily basis) has been commercialized and individualized rather than prioritizing as a rational choice(easily available, accessible, and economically affordable for all) in our city design. Our project “Weaving Health: Designing wellness into the city” is a manifestation of integrating wellness in our current city design by creating a wellness network.

Weaving Health

Stockholm,Sweden

Timeline To understand the relationship between physical activity and our lifestyle, we looked into how the city has responded to the health of the body in the past. Health was institutionalised and taught at first, then commercialised and individualised in an effort to make it publicly accessible. Preventive urban design of the 20th century does not include designing for individualised physical activity as an aspect of priority.

GIH

Health for Survival

Academic works, 2020

Health Being Institutionalised

Until 8000 BC

15th Century

19th Century

Nomadic hunter-gatherers and agricultural civilizations

War and feudalism, exclusive military training for noble families.

Industrialisation and sedentary lifestyle, health was researched, taught and practiced.

TYRESÖ GYM

GIH

Health for Defence

SUPERKILEN

Health Being Commercialised

Health Being Externalised

Health Being Individualised

20th Century

Late 20th Century

Early 21st Century

Rise of gym culture, home fitness and exclusive accessiblity.

Superficial and segregated ‘green’ consisting of parks, playgrounds, bike tracks and pedestrian streets.

Social media, portable gadgets and apps for monitoring and assessing work out sessions.

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Cartography Through the cartography process, we explored the available options for physical health and well being in Stockholm. First step was to map the most used spaces for physical activity by residents, we used heatmap from strava to include the data of people working out for eg. running, jogging, cycling, swimming and winter sports.

Noteworthy finding was that the pathways close to water are being mostly used for physical activity and main streets are the most active ones for physical activity, not parks.

Distribution of health infrastructure Mixed land use Park area Gym Swimming pool Sports Hall Sports field Outdoor gym Park Street Data source: Global Heatmap from Strava

+

+ Vasastan

+

least active

Weaving Health

Kungsholmen

+

most active

Stockholm,Sweden

walkway St. eriksplan park

8

active street inside the city

13

Kungholmen

railway & highway

water

13

5

4

Vasastan

most active route Odenplan

moderately active route pause 1-5

6-9

>10

8

9

6

Vasaparken 5

2

Vasastan 4

8

12

13

13

Kungsholmen

12 5

school

hospital

Academic works, 2020

gallery/museum

8

residential building

retail+residential building

official building

Lamia Ahmed Portfolio Kronobergsparken

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Masterplan To achieve an integrated network, a wellness system has been waved conceptually into the city, by stitching the wellness routes, urban wellness programs and water edge spatially, to form an integrated wellness network. This weaved and integrated network can be seen as a host to the existing physical activity patterns of people and encourage subliminal patterns of activity for the people who move through it.

Wellness Routes

Weaving Health

Wellness Services

Linear Water Edge

Wellness Network

Stockholm,Sweden

building

4m

2m

8m

2m

4m

building

building

cycle route

2m

18m

2m

6m

gamified wellness route

wellness route

wellness route

6m

wellness route

extended health services

cycle route

building

cycle route

bus stop

Wellness route

Gamified Wellness route

The wellness routes combine the use of colour, texture and different play equipments along its way which instigates movement and activity among the citizens.

These routes are similar to wellness routes, however they have the quality to be converted into different games such as orienteering or relay race or in association with different online games and apps.

tactical play area

tactical play area wellness route

metro station

wellness route bus stop

rest stop

Academic works, 2020

Refresh pause

Rest pause

Refresh pauses appear every 400- 500 m, typically associated with the metro stations.

The pauses combine the use of colour, texture and different play equipments along with the refresh stops so that people can get changed after a run on their way to work.

Tactical insertions along the wellness routes which combines the use of colour, texture and different play equipments which instigates movement and activity among the users. The rest pauses are associated with the bus stops in most places within the city.

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Route illustration - on the way to work

I can go to school safely on this route!

This new continious route helps my training!

Weaving Health

Oh! I lov Oh! I have finished my run on time! Now I can get changed and go to work

Stockholm,Sweden

Colours! ve it!

Mom! I want to play too!

Academic works, 2020

I bet I can jump that high!

Oh! I can explore the city with the kids on this route!

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Detail plan 1

Detail plan 2

Weaving Health

Stockholm,Sweden

Route illustration - lunch break

I really like spending time with my family by the water!

So many options for play here!

Thankfully I can get some fresh air while working from home during the lunch break!

It’s nice to catch up with my friend during the lunch break!

It’s nice to sit here quietly with my dog and have lunch!

It’s so nice that you can buy fresh vegetables so close to home!

Bored? Having a bad day? Punch me!

This game on the blue route is fun!

Route illustration - evening play

Do you wanna walk and grab a coffee?

Hey dad! Can I go play with my friends while you watch the game?

I am so excited to catch the game while my friends are late!

It’s so convenient that all three of us can spend some quality time while working out!

Oh! Maybe next time I can also workout here after buying groceries!

Oh! Now I can watch the game before I head home!

It’s so convenient to come here and meet my friend by myself!

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Weaving Health

Stockholm,Sweden

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Supervisors: Alejandra Navarrete Llopis, Hanna Erixon Aalto

Situations Studio, 2020

Activating Oxelösund: Designing the creative shift

The small fishing town named Oxelösund which is just one hour south of Stockholm developed significantly after the formation of Sweden’s largest steel production company SSAB in 1913. Although the city has potential significance as a seasonal touristic destination to some extent, however, it is still largely dependent on only one industry economically, socially and politically. The neighborhoods were planned and built at different stages of the timeline of the city.

However, all these planned areas lack integration among themselves and as a result has created fragmented and isolated bubbles.

Hence, the design exploration for Oxelösund would primarily be based on how to change the current fragmented scenario of the city and the imbalanced dependency on only one industry and respectively formulating design strategies for making it more cohesive and independent. So the idea is to bring in one significant catalyst in the area which in turn would create the framework for new opportunities and possibilities to grow. Careful insertion of the new catalyst which is a technical university would activate the area with new actors which would have both immediate and long term aftereffects in the city.

Activating Oxelösund

Oxelösund, Sweden

Supersection Supersection throughthrough the town the: town centrum : centrum

Supersection Supersection throughthrough the town the: town gamla: gamla

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SITUATION 1 2020

2030

+

2025

• singular economy

• business campus established

• fragmented isolated bubbles

2040

• technology campus established

2045

• environment campus established

• design campus established

• Singular economy

• pollution

• emerging entrepreneurs

• added polpulation due to university will be 400

• polpulation 12000

workplaces

housing

2035

reused garage

active ground floor

new accomodation

revitalized coworking spaces

different apartment sizes

new coworking places

• fossil fuel free ssab

infrustructure

recreation

train station for public

overlooking balcony

ecology

earth remediation

revitalizing the existing proposed new

e-bike station

logistic corridor

bus stop

waterfront promenade

proposed wetland

networking platforms

Ecological connectivity

e-bike station

New accomodation

new workshops

new walkways

new restaurants and shops

new allotment garden

new multipurpose hall

new green houses

Overall strategies

Activating Oxelösund

Oxelösund, Sweden

SITUATION 2 2050

+

SITUATION 3 2055

2060

2065

+2070

• economical diversification started

• diversified economy

• pollution mitigation strategis in action

• polpulation 17,866

• grounded in nature

• population 14,650

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SITUATION 1: 2030

positive learning environment

Campus integrated with the community

proximity to nature

networking platforms

integrated local food production PATH TOWARDS TECHNOLOGY CAMPUS

PATH TOWARDS TECHNOLOGY CAMPUS

BIKIN SHARED STREET BUFFER GREEN

SHARED STREET

RENOVATED ECO MUSEUM

EBIKE STATION WATERFRONT PROMENADE BUS STOP

EBIKE STATION

EXISTING MARITIME MUSEUM

RENOVATED GARAGES AS HOUSES

Activating Oxelösund

Oxelösund, Sweden

legend university campus

new train station

networking platform

stormwater filteration

administration

bus stop

workshop

local food production

multipurpose hall

e-bike station

restaurnat

hydroponics

eco museum

shared street

recreation

buffer green

new accomodation

biking path

water plaza

shoreline park

renovated garage houses

solar panels

waterfront promenade

skating park

NEW STUDENT ACCOMODATION

EBIKE STATION

NG PATH

BIKING PATH EBIKE STATION

NEW STUDENT ACCOMODATION

BUS STOP

BUS STOP EBIKE STATION

TRAIN STATION NEW STUDENT ACCOMODATION

STORMWATER FILTERATION WETLAND

BUS STOP

EBIKE STATION

SHARED STREET

EBIKE STATION

ADMINISTRATION MULTI PURPOSE HALL

UNIVERSITY CAMPUS

HYDROPONICS

SKATING PARK

RESTAURANTS

WORKSHOP

SOLAR PANELS

NETWORKING PLATFORM

NEW STUDENT ACCOMODATION

WATER PLAZA EBIKE STATION SHORELINE PARK

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WORKSHOP

RECREATIONAL FACILITIES

LOCAL FOOD PRODUCTION

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SITUATION 2: 2050

proximity to nature

positive learning environment

connectivity

different age group within the same area

integrated local food production

positive working environment

networking platforms

flow within the neighborhoods

Activating Oxelösund

Oxelösund, Sweden

legend

Academic works, 2020

walkway

new housing

retrofitted shared facility

hydroponics

shared street

co working areas

retrofitted verendah overlooking

networking platforms

logistic corridor

multi-purpose hall

the courtyards

wetland

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SITUATION 3: 2070

no coal

compaction reduction

ssab stop using coal by 2045

for drainage and to improve rooting depth

Activating Oxelösund

earth healing

vegetation

nutrients

additional soil

letting the area heal

growth of vegetation

compost from the city for organic growth

additional soil from the previously proposed wetland

Oxelösund, Sweden

legend

Academic works, 2020

walkway

new housing

shared facility

hydroponics

shared street

co working areas

verendah overlooking

networking platforms

allotment garden

other functions

the courtyards

green water edge

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Revitalized public courtyards

coworking spaces

networking platform

retrofitted verendah overlooking the courtyards

Reusing abandoned parking lots

coworking space and new housing

logistic corridor retrofitted shared facility

courtyard

retrofitted shared facility

hydroponic garden

Revitalizing car dominated roads to pedestrian friendly streets

logistic corridor OPEN PASSAGE THROUGH GROUND FLOORS

boulevard

PUBLIC ART

Connection with nature

open passage through ground floors

Activating Oxelösund

coworking space and new housing

hydroponic garden

connected and close to nature

Oxelösund, Sweden

Earth Remediation

Academic works, 2020

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Supervisors: Prof Shayer Ghafur Kaji Fahriba Mustafa

Bachelor’s Thesis, 2017

Impact Resilient Homestead In char areas of Faridpur, Bangladesh

In the dynamics of erosion and accretion in the rivers of Bangladesh, the sand bars emerging as islands (char) within the river channel, creates new opportunities to establish new settlements and pursue agricultural activities on those islands. Fragile physical environment, limited assets, reduced income opportunities, remoteness and absence of mainland institutions and service together make char dwellers livelihoods particularly vulnerable to extreme poverty and destitutions. For its geographic location, char areas are severely vulnerable to riverbank erosion, flood and other natural disasters, which leads to permanent loss of agricultural lands as well as homesteads. The affected communities often take refuge on nearby embankments or migrate to big cities and deteriorate the urban living conditions with increasing number of slums.

To cope with the river and its morphological change people are dependent on their traditional strategies and very few steps have been taken to mitigate the adverse effect and increase their adaptability to the situation. So, the focus of the thesis is to build resilient communities by identifying and investigating the problems in the traditional approach of house design in chars so that they can adapt, withstand and quickly recover from natural disasters like flood and riverbank erosion. The site for investigation has been selected in Decreer char, Faridpur. The idea is to generate an adaptable solution by improving the traditional approach and method of house design by using local indigenous materials and simple low cost technologies for char land people.

Impact Resilient Homestead

Faridpur, Bangladesh

Disaster resiliency

TOTAL SYSTEM

individual, a household, a community, a country, or a region to “The ability of anwithstand, adapt and quickly recover from stresses and shocks

“

INDIVIDUAL

HOUSEHOLD

(European Commission, 2012) COMMUNITY

REGION

Existing system

Disaster

Recover

Response

Recovery time

Resilient system

Disaster

Response

Recover Recovery time

Disaster preparedness by risk mitigation

Reducing exposure to the hazard

Vulnerability reduction

Social and technical improvement

Withstand

Academic works, 2017

Adapt

Quickly recover

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Settlement pattern Site: Decreer char Cultivated and settled for 10 years Area: 6505 acre

Evolution type of a charland

Settlement and cultivation at the same time

1

First gets settled and then cultivated

2

First gets cultivated and then settled

3

Connectivity route

Bridge

Neighborhood roads

Service facilities

Raised mound

Mud road

Small shops

Primary school

Mode of transportation

Van

Pulling cart

Impact Resilient Homestead

No clinic

Energy sources

Boat

Troller

Drinking water

Fuel

solar panel

Faridpur, Bangladesh

Activities

Interior zoning 17’-26’

S leeping

7’

Table Bed

Eating

Resting

Reading

Store

13’

Entry

Bed

Store

Table Entry

Homestead element: Dwelling unit

Activities

Interior zoning

7’

10’-15’ Cow rearing

cooker

dry store

Storing fodder

Goat rearing

7’

Entry

cooker

storage space

Entry

Homestead element: Kitchen

Activities

Interior zoning 10’-15’

7’

Cooking night time cattle shed

storage space

Eating

Food storing

Fuel storing

7’

Entry

day time cattle shed

storage space

Entry

Homestead element: Cattle shed Academic works, 2017

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DIisaster and climate resiliency Resilient

Less resilient

Vulnerable

Extremely vulnerable

Heat

Rain

Cold wave

Storm

Flood

Erosion

Plinth Earthen plinth keeps the interior cool and is convenient for erosion prone areas but gets muddy and dump after flood. Coating of cow-dung increases durability of earthen plinths.

Scaffoldings in the interior are convenient for taking shelter during flood.

Earthen plinth Scaffolding inside the house

Structure Structures are the main support system of the building which tends to collapse in case of heavy wind or horizontal force created by the flood wave, cross bracing proved to be effective than buttressing.

Bamboo or wooden structural elements need special coating of weather proofing and avoidance of direct contact with the ground proved to be long lasting.

Rope and screw joints make dismantling possible in case of emergency.

Bamboo/ wooden posts; without bracing Braced structure

Nail joints Rope/ screw joints

Roof Among different shapes of the roof hipped roof with an angle of 30-45° proved to be most stable in case of heavy wind Thatch roof with a layer of polythene sheet is both heat and rain water resilient but needs continuous maintenance. Ceiling made of insulating material makes corrugated iron sheet roof better heat resilient. And CI sheet roof needs less maintenance but gets affected by thunder storm.

Ceiling space under the roof works as a convenient space for taking shelter during flood.

Eave projection of the roof should be kept minimum (less than 2’6”) as wind force builds up under projected space.

Thatched mono-pitched roof Gable ended CI sheet roof Hipped roof CI sheet; nail joints roof with rope/ screw joints

Wall Combination of thatch and CI sheet performs better. Segment of the wall with higher probability of getting in touch with water should be built with CI sheet. And section of the wall responsible for occupants’ thermal comfort should be built with thatch or reed.

Walls with provision of cross-ventilation prevents wind pressure build up and are proved to be resilient during storm Modular walls of proper dimension make dismantling and relocation easy

Thatch wall Combination of thatch & CI sheet CI sheet wall; fixed joints

Door & window Openings with shutters and shading devices give better climatic protection

Without shutters & shadings

Openings placed at opposite walls prevents the structure from collapsing

With shutters & shadings

Impact Resilient Homestead

Faridpur, Bangladesh

Resiliency during flood Vulnerable

Resilient

Dwelling unit

Agricultural field

River

Dwelling unit

Road

Agricultural field

River

Dwelling unit

Homestead connected with road

Dispersed homestead without road connectivity

Absent

Road Neighbor- Agricultural field hood

River

Homestead with surrounding neighborhood and road

0 DAYS

5 DAYS

10 DAYS

15 DAYS

20 DAYS

Basic needs

Shelter

Water

Academic works, 2017

Food

services

Sanitation

Community

Fuel

Education

Economy

Health

Bazar

Livestock

Agriculture

fisheries

Lamia Ahmed Portfolio

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Impact Resilient Homestead

Faridpur, Bangladesh

Academic works, 2017

Lamia Ahmed Portfolio

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Design formation housing structure 6’

Context appropiate Existing culture and habit Functional zoning and activities Material selection and construction technique

Affordable Local material Easily available Low cost Easily buildable by local craftsmen

6’

6’

6’

Sustainable

6’

Solar panel Rain water harvesting Use of Local material

6’

Scaffolding structure: Adjustable height and floating capacity Scaffolding inside the house, adjustable height and floating capacity for emergency situation

RAIN WATER HARVESTING GUTTER SOLAR PANEL

VEGETATION AND MACHA FOR SLOPE PROTECTION

Impact Resilient Homestead

EMERGENCY EVACUATION SPACE

DRAINAGE SLOPE

Faridpur, Bangladesh

Modular

Climatic factors

Structure can be customized, walls can be altered and joints are easily removable

Thermal comfort; wall and roof Light and ventilation

Segmented wall

joint A

Stable structures

d

Hipped roof for stability Limited eave projection Cross bressing structure

Considering flood and rain water and easily replacable

joint b

b 3’

3’

2’6”

7’

hot air ventilation

joint c

thermal comfort

a

joint d 2’6”

flood and rain water resiliency

c

COMMON TOILET AND TUBEWELL FACILITYIN A RAISED PLINTH

Academic works, 2017

Lamia Ahmed Portfolio

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Impact Resilient Homestead

Faridpur, Bangladesh

Academic works, 2017

Lamia Ahmed Portfolio

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Firm: Vitti Sthapati Brindo Ltd.

Project Architect, 2018

Karwan Bazar Park

Upgradation, regeneration and greening of parks

Karwan Bazar Park created an opportunity to design on a highly complex site within a heavily urban context. The park is in the crossroad of an eminence transformation of land use and the major complexity is that the site is changing towards a new dimension of future. The space which is a market area now, would soon become a commercial and business district in the future.

The design concept was to cater the park with facilities that both the present and future can behold. For that reason, the primary intension was to integrate the diversity of land use, with clear demarcation and distinctive sanctity. Existing secondary transfer station (STS) and temporary hawker placement were improved qualitatively along with revitalization of green, flora- fauna and provision of basic public facilities. A public toilet is designed in the south-east corner of the park. Additionally, four group sitting areas with shading trees are designed in the western side of the park. The concept was to raise the edge of the park to keep it free from any encroachment and sloped edge planted with grass is designed to create a green vista.

Karwan Bazar Park

Dhaka,Bangladesh

C

C

Professional work, 2018 D B

SECTION CC Household products Park boundary

SECTION AA

Household products

Fish and grocery market

A

Existing plan

Plastic shops

Hardware shops

A

Plastic product and garments

Wood workshop

Gatehouse

Clothing and electric shops

Temporary shops

Emergency warehouse

Existing road cross-sections

SECTION BB

B

D

SECTION DD

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Design Considerations

Defined space for temporary shops and raised threshold to prevent encroachment of the park

Sloped open space for gathering and green shaded space for seating

Raised threshold to prevent encroachment and also for serving as an interactive platform for the park

Karwan Bazar Park

Dhaka,Bangladesh

Existing warehouse Redsesigned STS Public toilet Open field Raised platform Shaded seating Temporary shops Walkway Footpath

Professional work, 2018

Lamia Ahmed Portfolio

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Karwan Bazar Park

Dhaka,Bangladesh

Professional work, 2018

Lamia Ahmed Portfolio

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LAMIA AHMED

Architect | Urban Designer

+46 79 330 96 43 lamia3445@gmail.com www.linkedin.com/in/lamiaahmedhimi/