TOWARDS A NEW CIRCULAR MINDSET UPCYCLING CENTER OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
Master Dissertation Project WASTE MANAGMENT
Laura Alejandra Lamprea Velez
KU Leuven, Faculty of Architecture, Campus Sint-Lucas Ghent International Master of Science in Architecture
Academic promotor: Luc Eeckhout Academic year: 2018-2019
Š All rights reserved under International Copyright Conventions. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photo-copying, recording or by any information storage retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher or specific copyright owners.
KU Leuven, Faculty of Architecture, Campus Sint-Lucas Ghent Belgium International Master of Science in Architecture Master Dissertation Author Name and Surname Academic promotor Luc Eeckhout Academic year 2018-2019 Publication June 2019
Healing the city Laura Alejandra Lamprea Velez
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“Earth provides enough to satisfy every man’s needs, but not every man’s greed.” Mahatma Gandhi
FOREWORD Following th UN call “For the goals to be reached, everyone need to do their part: Government, the private sector, civil society and people like you” the develop research and project proposal looks to create awareness about the big role of architecture into generating deep changes towards a more sustainable cities.
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KEYWORDS
Circular city, Resource scarcity, Metabolic city, Upcycling, Contruction and demolition wate C&D, Shift mindset, Unconventional spaces.
ABSTRACT After almost half century of being concerned about the implication of our consumerist lifestyle into the environment, we have not seen dramatic changes that are driving the relation between economy and nature into a positive balance. In fact linear processes in cities are constantly increasing resources depleiton, waste production and pollution. This means that it is necessary to create an structural change in our mentality or all the efforts are going to continue being useless and out of the path. Then, a circular mindset should be impulsed as a coherent approach to avoid waste of energy and a better management of our resources as well as a good strategy to relate to metabolism logics from nature. Therefore, this Master dissertation explores a new circular production model within the framework of a healthy circular village with a Masterplan for Muide Meulestede in 2030, then presents a research in zero waste production and sustainalble materials creation and shapes all the findings into an upcycled materials factory building. Moreover, architecture as a field its introduced as one of the drivers of waste production through construction and demolition waste C&D generation. Architectural design, material production, and disposal of old building and materials are explored as problematics to be solved to provide a shift from the field itsself. This exploration showed how dispersed iniciatives can be guided towards a more accurate and resilient objectives, and defined how creating unconventional relations can be a sustainable design strategy to find the innovative proposals needed to achieve a circular mindset
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
00
INTRODUCTION
11
01
GENERAL FRAMEWORK
13
02
03
Analitical tool The methodology The vision The scale approach Master plan ABOUT WASTE About C&D waste Design drivers Circular economy UPCYCLED PANELS Material upcycling Panel fabrication
21 23 25 27 35
48 57 57
UPCYCLING CENTER Design strategies Proposal
68 70 74 82
CIRCULAR MUIDE REFINING THE NETWORK CONCLUSION SOURCES
66 72
04 05 06 07 08
41
90 97 103 104
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MATERIAL CONSUMPTION INCREMENT IN THE LAST 40 YEARS THE CONTEXT
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INTRODUCTION The current environmental crisis have been increased by the unrelated relation between inputs and outputs that our cities in constant growth require for their operation. It is known that with the current demand we are consuming 3 times more resources than the planet can provide in a healthy and sustainable way. Nevertheless, this consumption is not efficiently used, as it follows the logics of the market where fastproduction and obsolecence are the priority to provide a continue economic feeding of the system. This processment of resources in an unefficient way with high demands of energy where the output of the process is consider waste is know as a linear economy thinking. One of the biggest problematic of this mindset is the waste production that is increasing the levels of pollution of the environment as well as the high usage of non renewable materials that is driving us to an scarcity of resources. At the same time this erratic behaviour is compromising the hability to meet the needs of future generations which according to the Burtland report results in an unsustainable development. Therefore, it is necessary to rethink how our cities can reuse and integrate, the equivocally idea of garbage, into materials waiting to be reintegrated in the system.
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Linear economy - THE PROBLEM
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On the other hand, this linear economy thinking is reflected in the architectural projection where there is not an awareness about the relevance of building consumption and the way resources as water or energy are processed, problematics that later are solved wrongly with additional dispositves that are not efficient. Because of this deviation on the design decision making and relevance, the current projects are contributing to materials waste while creating nonreusable elements and spaces, generating leftovers of materials through very particular designs and while providing pollution through the demolition debris of non flexible buildings. Therefore, it is necessary to promote the circular economy thinking where the idea of waste is not possible as there is always a chance behind every leftover. A circular thinking is an smarter way to manage our resources and energy as well as an opportunity to generate job opportunities and improve the behaviour of our society. The architectural project should be aware of the economic and social dynamics where it is going to be introduced to start to generate a shift into a more sustainable way of living.
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Doughnut economy - Kate Raworth
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To do so, we have chosen the island of Muide in the city of Ghent to visualize a future city in 2030 where the circular thinking is present and can be visualized through strategic projects that focus on five of the demands of a city (water, energy, food, space, adaptability, waste and mobility) to be a healthy environment to live. While promoting this kind of thinking into architecture and urban practices is is possible to provide in a more effective and meaningful ways a solution to improve of our cities and built environment which is directly connected with the remediation of the natural environment. By recognizing the power that an architectural project has to empower alternative ways of living, working and leisure we can easily facilitate a pattern of change in social behavious and economic patterns.
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GENERAL FRAMEWORK 1
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1.THE MASTER PLAN- MUIDE MEULESTEDE 2030 1.1 THE FRAMEWORK SUSTAINABILITY GOALS TARGET 12 Within the framework of the United Nations sustainable goals it is necesary to start to implement a 10 years framework to achieve a sustainable management that promotes and efficient use of natural resources. Then this is decided as the goal to achieve the vision of a sustainable city that can be replicated and generate a change.
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H + N + S Landscape architects
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1.3 Urban
metabolism- ANALITIC TOOL
The way to find a good balance between human settlements and nature and create a positive relationship between each other can be achieved through the analisys of its inputs and outputs in the way we do with natural metabolisms. The city as a gathering of human beings behaves as an natural organism that consume certain resources, process and metabolizes materials and generates some outputs classified as waste. Therefore, the urban metabolism approach appears as a tool to understand the city behaviours, allows to recognize each system and finally provides some strategies of remediation of the bad behaviours that are afecting our quality of life as well as the environment.
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Lendager group analisys - Gronttorvet spisehuis
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THE METHODOLOGY 1.4 Close the loop - Find relations After understanding the city as the metabolism it was necesary to group the resources to do an analisys of each chain and find relationships to close the open loops. The used sustainable strategy consists in find relations between the different groups and in this way it is possible to enrich the possibilities of the chain . The defined basic resources are as well as in Ledanger group diagram Materials, Water, Food and Nature and Energy which respond to an ecosystemic approach. Nevertheless, this is the built environment which includes Space as a resource that has to be taken as an element to be well managed a well as its Adaptability.
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THE VISION 1.2 The healthy city While the cities are driven by the forces of stressing consumption, the good quality spaces and conditions are deteriorate. The way to achieve this conditions of wellbeing is relating the group of resources with the qualities that can be reinforced and highlighted after solving the loop. According to this statement we defined 4 qualities to be explored through strategic hub located in buildings that represent the awarness of the problem: ADAPTABILITY which allows place making and evolution of the spaces with time and society, an smart usage of space and development of a mix fuctionalities. CONECTIVITY which allows a local network with human scale spaces and proximity to save energy and reduce carbon print. BIODIVERSITY where nature is not a leftover and interacts with the city in a healthy way proving food and letting the rewilding of cities happen. Integrates urban food production and water treatment. CIRCULARITY where the local production is reinforced according to the available resources which can estimulate the local economy.
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R4
R4 N9
0
N7
R40
Gent Dampoort
A14
Gent-Sint-Pieters
A10
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N9
N43
1.5 SCALE APPROACH - ZOOM IN / ZOOM OUT At the same time as the nature has the global, the local and the inmediate environment where all our decisitions have a repercussion, every decisition making has an effect in the city scale, the local scale and the building itselft. This approach provides a better understanding of the whole picture of the behaviours and the help to find conections while understanding the system itself. Therefore we did a study of the current situation of muide regarding to Gent Natural system, water supply chain, city conections and waste managment operation.
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ADAPTABILITY Urban scale - Focal points High-rise buildings possible Adjusted scale - correct scale to be researched (4-6 storeys) Social housing Buildings recommended to acquire To be urbanized industrial areas Industrial harbor hangars - Structure to be maintained
MOBILITY Water mobility Train tracks Fast speed roads Bus and tram mobility Bike mobility Bus stops Tram stops
C
Cambio stops
GREEN Green areas
ENERGY Gas station and electricity building Electricity post
C
12
C
C
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A SCENARIO TO EXPLORE THE REMEDIATION OF A CITY Through the lenses of the urban metabolism and the defined resources it was possible to understand that :
ADAPTABILITY
This former industrial and port area is in transformation with available structures and spaces to be resignified
MOBILITY
The three main axis that cross the island are suficient and appropiated and just need to be more coherent with slow mobility priority, variety of transport options and take advantage of the water as a potential circulation area.
GREEN
There are green areas are related to the residential spaces and are open spaces where multiple food production, edible park and take place.
ENERGY
There is dependency on Gent supply which is an open opportunity to implement a circular usage of biowaste and household waste to provide energy. Muide openloops can be closed an can provide a scenario for sustainable development. Because of its condition of a well connected island it is possible to generate an scenario as it has all the elements present in a big city.
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URBAN LAYERING - ECONOMY DYNAMIC According to the study of the current situation it was possible to establish a urban layer organization that is part of the island and that can be a tool to repurpose the city logics. HARBOUR AREA: In service of the port in front used to be a gate for products and storage with a purely logistic function. INDUSTRIAL AREA: Collects all the industrial and productive activities and gathers the highest amounts of traffic and goods. RESIDENTIAL AREA: In function to the port and industrial activities it requires a local structure that is not dependent on Gent activities. CROSSED AXIS Away to relate the existent layers is to connect them with the crossed streets where a new system and locis can be introduced It was possible to identify five main axis that had a complete relation with the layers and had potential areas to provide the implementation of new systems. After the analisys of its qualities it was possible to define one of them as the main tructural that can provide a core and centralities to the island.
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Pre-Industrial
Housing
Transition
0
5 10
0 5 10 0 5 10
Density-Scale
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Industrial
THE HEART OF THE VILLAGE-PROVIDING AN STRUCTURE
The chosen axis has a particular location as it provides certain elements where a central focus can be proposed. DRY DOCK- Located in the west canal its related with the identity of the place as well as with the creation of a water entrance to the island. MEETING POINT: the crossing of four streets coming from diferent directions generates a meeting point or square with high accesibility that can be defined as the activity core CHURCH BACKGROUND Communitiy iniciatives are taking place in this old church towards sustainability. GAS STATION: an strategic point of connection with Gent, the harbour and the ourskits.
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ADAPTABILITY Adjusted scale - correct scale to be researched (4-6 storeys) Social housing Buildings recommended to acquire To be urbanized industrial areas Industrial harbor hangars - Structure to be maintained
WATER Water Pond C
MOBILITY Water mobility Train tracks Fast speed roads Bus and tram mobility Bike mobility Bus stops Tram stops
C
Cambio stops Water-bus stops
C 2H
ENERGY Gas station and electricity building Electricity post
2H
Floating element
2H
12
GREEN Green areas Green belt C
Streets with new trees Residential streets Meulesteedsesteenweg/Muidepoort/Voormuide
WASTE Waste container port
C
Waste collector point 2H
Second hand market Up-cycling center
C
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Repair School
MUIDE MASTER PLAN PROPOSAL The proposed interventions are looking foward an improvement of the living conditions of the island as well as to promote it gradual evoltion into sustainable development. The main strategies consist in: A GREEN LOOP conformation to provide a continue system for nature resttlement as well as a productivity area. TRAFFIC DEVIATION that allows the continuity of the green loop as well as deacreases the afectation of heavy traffic into the local scale.. REACTIVATION OF HARBOUR with activities that respond to the local necesities SPREAD SYSTEMS of energy supply, waste management and water purification that can be used by all the inhabitants.
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Voorhaven Old Harbour
Neighborhood
Green Belt
Housing
Public Services & Recreative Spaces
Groot Dok
New Harbour
N
Zoning
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MUIDE MAIN AXIS PROPOSAL AND INTERVENTIONS According to the needs and requirements of each design resources drivers the have located SPACE directed building with a co-housing proposal in the old harbour. FOOD PRODUCTION CENTER empowering current existent sustainable initiatives MATERIALS CREATION CENTER related to local job creation and empowering WATER TREATMENT AREA in the green loop where natural process can take place MOBILITY CENTER to exchange transport medium and distribute goods with a slow mobility approach ADAPTABLE oriented building reusing an old existing industrial structure ENERGY PRODUCTION CENTER related to the industrial activities WASTE MANAGMENT CENTER to reduce pollution and achieve efficient process.
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Mobility
Adaptability
Waste
Food
Energy
Textile
Haas
Water
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COLLABORATIVE DESIGN-SMART DESIGN PROCESS The colective work while developing each focus proposal allowed us to find several solutions that later on could be taken as an advantage to provide an uncommon response to an issue. We were possible to identify the needs of resources and the excess of them and find connection to cushion the affectation and be able to keep a balanced relationship in the village. In the later development of the building proposal it is going to be highlighted how strategies from other topics can be crucial to solve the main issues of waste managment. In this way it is possible to work in harmony with the economy but also with the nature. And at the same time while we are conscious of the relations it is possible to reevaluate them and find the eventual failings on the system.
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“Etymologically, the english word “waste” steams from the latin word vastus, the same latin root as for the root as for the english word “vast” meaning ”unoccupied” or ininhabited””
2
ABOUT WASTE
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WHAT IS WASTE “waste as matter has a disturbing presence” krzak collectivity
Madaster image
WHEN A MATERIAL IS NOT VALUED THEN IS DISCARDED. IT BECOMES AN UNWANTED MATTER WITH A DISTURBENCE PRESENCE. IT SHOULD BE CLEAR THE WAYS A MATERIAL CAN BE CONTINUESLY USED
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WITHOUT A LIFE CYCLE.
MATERIALS MEANT TO BE WASTE “Modernity’s concept of progress is built on the ideal of constantly replacing the old with the new. Waste, in massive quantities, thus forms the smelly underbelly of modernity”
CURRENT ECONOMIC LOGIC
SUSTAINA
ETERNAL WASTE PRODUCERS
SMART M
SMALL INVESTMENTS MORE OFTEN
U
Low quality products Programmed obsolecense
Ephemeral trend related
Short term use
Short term satisfaction
Goo
Constantl update
Long term use
OBJECTS WITHOUT VALUE
OB
Materials in oblivion
Rec
David La Chapelle - Couture consumption
The logics of fast consumption that impulse misspending of materials potential to feed the consumerist lifestyle removed the real value from the object so it is obsolete faster.
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MATERIAL CONSUMPTION
According to the UN cities con-
78 % the world’s energy and produce 2.6 trillion of garbage per year. sume
This growing tendency is leaded by the raw materials extraction
240% of rise in 40 years.
which has reach a Data by materials flows.net
Eventhough Belgium does not have big population in comparison with other develop countries it leads the trend of raw material consumption in between United states and China.Therefore, it is relevant to propose ways to reduce and desinterest the raw materials consumption while revealing the surplus behing waste reuse.
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MATERIAL SCARCITY
OVER
3.3 billion tons OF RESOURCES HAVE BEEN extracted FROM THE
OVER
127 million tons OF WASTE HAVE BEEN dumped GLOBALLY THIS
EARTH GLOBALLY THIS YEAR YEAR
Non renewable materials following the current consuption patterns have 58 years left. It is not possible to continue this behaviour anymore.
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MATERIAL EXTRACTION
ALMOST 50% OF THE MATERIAL EXTRACTION IN THE WORLD IS RELATED TO NON METALLIC MATERIALS FOR
CONSTRUCTION
The activity construction it is a big consumer of resources in relation with the spreads of cities.
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WASTE DISPOSAL IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES
JUST
2%
IT IS TRULY
RETURN
TO THE SYSTEM AND
MANAGED
More than 60% of all the used materials or the leftovers after our processing finish their lifecycle in dumps or landfills where are out of the chain and are deedless. 26% is located in unknown location with most of the time implies it is storage without being used and its just kept out of the system.
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“Maybe waste is just an attitude that we apply to matters that do not seem to hold any potential value� krzak collectivity
ABOUT C&D WASTE 2.2
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MANUFACTURE OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
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DEMOLITION PHASE OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
Belgium anual C&D waste production comparison - Rotor
DEMOLITION WASTE
EXCAVATION WASTE
90%
10%
“Demolition and disposal of old buildings represents a further and often unnecessary action that also impacts on the environment”p.25
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RECLAIMING CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
Image: Reclaiming materials - Rotor
FAST DEMOLITION PRACTICES ARE ALSO GENERATING MORE WASTE PRODUCTION
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POLICIES TO AVOID DEMOLITION WASTE
Image: OVAM - Sustainable strategies
FLANDERS EFFORT TO DENSIFICATION
PROMOTE REUSE
OF OLD HOUSING AND
Government plays an important role to help to reduce demolition waste by protecting existent construction and promoting its refurbishment.
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REUSABLE CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS
REUSABLE WITHOUT CHEMICAL PROCESS STONY AND GLASS
NON EASYLY REUSABLE
WOOD
Composite wood - OSB Surface treated - Window frame - Parket - - Plywood Chemical treated Garden sreens Untreated - Stucture beams and columns
METALS
PVC
AERATED CONCRETE Bricks - Rooftiles Sand - Gravel Concrete Flat glass Tiles - Natural stones Porcelain and ceramic BITUMEN
SUPPLE FLOORING Vapour barrier Water proof
Pallets Paper and Cardboard Plastic film EPS
REMAINING WASTE Combustible Non combustible
Gypsum board
ELASTOMERS Stone wool - Glass wool Organic Synthetic materials
Paint Plaster Coating
Kraft paper Vapour barrier
GYPSUM ELEMENTS
INSULATION
Linoleum Vynil
FINISHING LAYERS
POLYOLEFINS
Iron - Steel - Copper IPE - Truss Mesh - Net Screws
PACKAGING
Pipes - Profiles Cables - Sheets
Stuctural elements
HAZARDOUS EPDM roofing
Aerosol Resins Abesto Fluorecent light
Most of the non directly reusable materials are related to toxic substances or non desmountable elements. Avoid this kind of products is very important to provide more flexibility in the de-construction process.
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IDENTIFYING CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL WASTE
!
! !
!
The biggest quantity of wasted materials in construction are wooden elements, concrete, insulation and rooftiles. Therefore, for this materials is more urgent to provide a reintegration in the system taking advantage of its best qualities.
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PROPOSED C&D WASTE REPURPOSE
CONSTRUTION FIXTURES
CONSTRUTION ELEMENTS
POWDER AND GRANULAR WASTE
RAW MATERIALS WASTE
CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS AND GRAULAR WASTE ARE THE CHOSEN MATERIALS TO BE UPCYCLED IN THE PROPOSED PANELS
According to state of the construction and demolion waste the proposed organization looks to reduce the energy consumption while decreasing the possibilities of recycling that is the most energy consuming process and benefiting upcycling initiatives.
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CURRENT OPEN LOOP OF MATERIAL PRODUCTION
Raw materials Non related and different factories Multiple measurements Specific design process Demolition Materials in oblivion
TOWARDS
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PROPOSED CLOSED LOOP OF MATERIAL PRODUCTION
Recicled materials Related factories Modular measurements Encajables materiales Demountable process Reusable material
ZERO WASTE PRODUCTION IN CONSTRUCTION PROCESS
Laura Alejandra Lamprea Velez
THE
REFERENCE PROJECT
Image: Recycling plant Abalos y Herreros
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ECODESIGN
CONSTRUCTION
NEW CYCLE OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS DISSASEMBLE
BUILDING
USER
DESIGN DRIVERS
2.2
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SOLVE AND THEN IMPROVE
FIRST
UPCYCLE AND DESIGN FOR REUSE
Upcycling is a method that can remediate the problematics caused by the closed and linear mentallity and can provide a better value to downgraded materials. Nevertheless, a circular and sustainable design method should be directed towards dismountable and modular elements that can create a circular process in the architectural design practice.
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PROJECT REFERENCE
UPCYCLE HOUSE - LENDAGER ARKITEKTER The amount of energy used in recycling or upcycling is a fraction of the energy used when converting raw materials to building components “We initially thought that a reduction of 65% CO2 was unrealistic, but when we ran the LCA (Life Cycle Assesment) on all materials throughout the entire project, it turned out that we had reduced the CO2 emissions associated with construction with 86%, compared to a benchmark house” Lendager arkitekter
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DESIGN DRIVERS
MODULARITY AND DESIGN FOR REUSE To achieve an ecodesign it is necessary to include a module from everypart of the elements respond to
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DESIGN DRIVERS
Image: Deconstruction et reemploi, Rotor
DECONSTRUCTION AND FLEXIBILITY
DESIGN FOR
A building has several layers that respond to specific fuctions and have diferent rates of lifespan. While understanding this relation it is possible to improve our understanding of the advantages of the materials and their patterns of change. While the structure is meant to last for several decades a skin can be renewed after several years. Therefor we focus on provide a better solution to a fast trend of renew that is part of our lifestyle.
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DESIGN DRIVERS
DECONSTRUCTION AND FLEXIBILITY
DESIGN FOR
Through prefabrication and return of elements to the manufecter is is possible to reduce the materials extraction and architectural practices can enter into zero waste logics.
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RRENT ECONOMIC LOGIC
SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC LOGIC
ERNAL WASTE PRODUCERS
SMART MATERIALS PRODUCERS
SMALL INVESTMENTS MORE OFTEN
UNIQUE INVESTMENT
Low quality products
Good quality products
ammed lecense
Ephemeral trend related
Constantly updated
Flexible and removable
rt term use
Short term satisfaction
Long term use
Long term satisfaction
OBJECTS WITHOUT VALUE
OBJECTS WITH A VALUE
Materials in oblivion
Recognized Materials
DESIGN FOR
MATERIAL OPTIMIZATION
This means to provide a product that can be easy to update for the needs of fast consumption of our society as well as that can last for a long time. This happens when the characteristic of the material are used in the smartest way and we avoid using low quality materials.
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SHIFT MINDSET STRATEGIES
Image: Deconstruction et reemploi, Rotor
PROVIDE A
MATERIAL DATABASE FOR MATERIAL VALUE
If we recognize easily the characteristics and condition of the material this can be effectively track and we are more aware of the value of it.
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From Deconstruction et reemploi by rotor
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UPCYCLED PANELS
FLEXIBILITY AND MODULARITY
DEFINING THE FRAME
GABION
FIX IN A FRAME
SEWED IN A FRAME
BENT WITH SUPPORTS
THE GOAL IS TO ACHIEVE THE MOST FLEXIBLE OPTIONS WITH THE MINIMUM AMOUNT OF MATERIALS AND ELEMENTS
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DIRECTING STRATEGIES
DESMOUNTABLE FACADE
Click fixture Percentage of waste
Lego-like
Facade Click
David Hakkens
Conceptos plรกsticos
Belgium
The Netherlands
Colombia
Composite Waste Brick Stone cycling The Netherlands
BRISOLEI PANELS
Old tiles from renovation
Unsorted roof tiles
Fixed briesolei of bricks
Movable glass division
Rotor
Wang shu
Abdum design
Divicat
Gent
China
Iran
Spain
FACADE ALTERNATIVES
ACOUSTIC PANEL
The design strategy consist in take from the broad amount of existent materials some examples and redirect them towards modularity and flexibility. Techniques, new materials and fixtures and joint together and show how it is completely possible to achieve a creative proposal while being sustainable
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Const Material packaking
Paper tiles
Men work clothes
Fabric panels
Renewi
Dear human
Construction companies
Gessato
Gent
Canada
Gent
Chile
DIVISION WALL PANEL Laura Alejandra Lamprea Velez
David Hakkens
Conceptos plรกsticos
The Netherlands
Colombia
Belgium
Stone cycling The Netherlands
BRISOLEI PANELS
DIRECTING STRATEGIES Old tiles from renovation
Unsorted roof tiles
Fixed briesolei of bricks
Movable glass division
Rotor
Wang shu
Abdum design
Divicat
Gent
China
Iran
Spain
ACOUSTIC PANEL
Const Material packaking
Paper tiles
Men work clothes
Fabric panels
Renewi
Dear human
Construction companies
Gessato
Gent
Canada
Gent
Chile
DIVISION WALL PANEL
Recycled fiber structure
PET tranlucent wall
Can heating system
Matress foam panel
ECOR panels
Project DWG
ECOcosas
Potato head
USA
INTERIOR WALL ALTERNATIVES Chile The Netherlands
Bali
The chosen materials come from the construction activity including clothing and packaging. This to looking for the target of zero waste in the construction activity.
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ADAPTABLE ELEMENTS OF SPATIAL COMPOSITION
MATERIALS
ADAPTABLE ELEMENTS
RECLAIMED WOOD
UPCYCLED PANEL
UPCYCLED FABRIC
RECLAIMED WINDOWS
GRID + PANELS
FRAME + PANELS
FLEXIBILITY
PRIVACY
DETAILS
OPENESSS
DISMOUNTABLE JOINS
DISMOUNTABLE JOINS
FLEXIBILITY
FOLDING STRUCTURE
SLIDING PANEL
The number of materials used is kept as minimal as possible starting with reclaimed wood for the frame structures, the upcycled panels produced in the factory, upcycled fabric from The textile lab of Muide and reclaimed windows from demolitions. It is defined two adaptable systems that can
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MATERIALS
EXISTING MATERIAL - FACADE REUSE
SANDWICH PANEL
HEMPCRETE
MUD PLASTER
OPERATIONS
N
SLIDING PANEL
The existing steel sandwich panel is reused as sliding doors, shading system and openings to improve the spatial quality of the space. To improve the cold and industrial perception of this material, in the interior hempcrete its used to increase the resistance to temperature changes as well as mud plaster that provides a warm feeling that allows more appropiate environment for people. Also this material has moisture control properties as well as can be easily return to its raw state.
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UPCYCLING C&D CENTER
3 BRINGING HEALTHY INDUSTRY BACK TO THE CITY 72
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SHIFT IN INDUSTRIAL SPATIAL ENVIROMENT
BUILDING SCALE CHALLENGE
Noise / Pollution / Closed / Far
Low industry / Urban space / Accesible / Open
A healthy city bring the production spaces by being aware of the importance of the generation of good working spaces. In this way, industry can be reintegrated into the dynamics of the city and can even provide and generate good quality public spaces for the city. Normally a factory is related to noise, big amounts of air pollution and close and unrelated to its surroundings. To rethink this spaces the practic factor of its operation should be mitigated through buffers, connected urban spaces, and mix of uses.
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SPATIAL STRATEGIES
MFO Zurich by Raderschall
GREEN HOUSES To mitigate the noisy and unhealthy environment of a factory, including green houses that bring the green can be used as the common areas for the workers as well as for the city. At the same time, the green houses can be included into a food production process. It also helps to purify the polluted air and can provide wellbeing in a productive city.
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FORMAL OPERATIONS FOR PERMEABILITY AND SPACE QUALITY Open harbour
Substraction
Addition
Identification
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IDENTITY OF WAREHOUSES
IDENTITY OF THE GREENHOUSES
RELAXING AREA GREENHOUSE RECREATIONAL PARK BOTANICAL GARDEN RESTAURANT MEETING POINT COWORKING SPACE ENTRANCE VIEWPOINT HINTERLAND
RELAXING AREA GREENHOUSE RECREATIONAL PARK BOTANICAL GARDEN
FOOD MARKET FOOD FACTORY DINNING AREA GATHERING SPACE
BREAKING REPETITION / PROVIDING GREEN Green houses also are an ordering factor of the big industrial complex with the volumetric language that is related to diferent functions as well as to private and public permits.
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FUNCTION DEFINITION OF THE WAREHOUSES
SORTING AREA REPAIR UPCYCLE RECYCLE
PRODUCTION AREA HANDMADE WORKSHOP TRAINING AREA BRICK PRODUCTION
SELLING AREA SHOWROOM START UPS
BUSSINESS MODEL In the existing warehouses it is proposed the production activities of the upcycling center first with a sorting area of the waste received from muide and Gent
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FLOW OF GOODS AND PEOPLE
BIOENERGY PLANT
PARKING
BIOMASS
TRANSPORT
BIO MATERIALS
WASTE LOGISTIC CENTER (HEAVY INDUSTRY)
SORTING AREA
TECH MATERIALS
G O O D S
RECYCLE
REUSE
UPCYCLE
REPAIR
IVAGO
2 HAND
FACTORY
REPAIR SCHOOL
HANDMADE WORKSHOP
DESIGN AND RESEARCH ATELIER
-Facade panels -Finishing Panels -Flexible space divisions
STORE P E O P L E
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STORAGE
BRICK PRODUCTION
-Debris bricks
C&D WASTE UPCYCLING FACTORY (LIGHT INDUSTRY)
SHIPPING
SHOWROOM DEPOT STARTUPS
Cafeteria / dinning room / toilets / garden
SHOWROOM DEPOT COMMON SERVICES
Flexible offices/ auditorium/ living room
SHOWROOM DEPOT HOTEL
Single and double rooms
Laura Alejandra Lamprea Velez
MUIDE ZERO WASTE MASTER PLAN
STORE AND SHOWROOMS
SPATIAL STRATEGIES
SHIFTED FUNTIONALITY
STORE MATERIALS EXHIBITION
MUSEUM VISITORS PATH
START UPS NON CONVENTIONAL WORKING SPACES
WAREHOUSE IDENTITY
COMBINATION OF GOOD QUALITIES The strategy to improve the quality space of a construction material store is to combine it with a showroom that is not motionless and fake but avoid waste of space and provide an activity that improves the development of the factory with research material startups.
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SPATIAL STRATEGIES
Matadero Music Hall - Langarita Navarro
BOX IN A BOX LOGIC The strategy to improve the quality space of a construction material store is to combine it with a showroom that is not motionless and fake but avoid waste of space and provide an activity that improves the development of the factory with research material startups.
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SPATIAL STRATEGIESCOMPOSITION ELEMENTS
GRID + PANEL
-Flexible but with guidance -Several grades of privacy -Several space sizes -Semi-private space -Inmediate trasformation of spaces
ADAPTABLE BOX
-Easy to reposition -2 levels of privacy -Adaptable size -Private space -Fast transformation of spaces
FIXED AREAS
-Not easy to reposition -1 levels of privacy - Fixed size -Private space -Slow transformation of spaces
COMPOSITION ELEMENTS The main purpose is being able to generate flexible and adaptable spaces with the less amount of elements as possible. At the same time this elements can be recomposed to achieve the different spatial requirements.
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VARIETY OF SPATIAL COMPOSITIONS With the proposed grid + panel and Box in a box composition elements it is possible to arrange the space according to different funcitons such as offices, workshops, exhibitions and industrial activities .
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OPENING THE FACTORY TO THE PUBLIC The facade design strategy consist in opening the warehouses to the main street revealing the activities ocurring in the interior to the citizens. The bridge acts as a internal public street that allows visitor and workers to move freely in the center without compromising the industrial activities. Upcycling center of Construction materials
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START UP HUB AND SHOWROOM AREA
The produced panels are exhibit in the Startup area that acts as a showroom without letting the space without being used. This allows to offer cheap renting areas that can generate job as well as innovation and knoledge production. The interior of the warehouse with hempcrete and mud plaster offer a more friendly environment for this kind of actiities.
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INTERIOR STREET GREENHOUSE
The greenhouses act as the gates and conection with the public area. The reclaimed and recycled doors are painted in different colors to provide identity and orientation. This are the areas with more public flow. Also the filter for visitors can take place here.
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INTERIOR STREET WAREHOUSE
The circulation strip acts as a internal street that allows an efficient circulation without compromising the activities of the factory. A red bridge, an orange elevator and yellow stairase provides a clear color code for visitors to easily orientate and move through the complex.
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3
TOWARDS A CIRCULAR MUIDE A
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NETWORK FOR THE BLUE ECONOMY
PRODUCTIVE CITY ZERO WASTE LOCAL MATERIALS CREATE COMMONS
CIRCULAR VILLAGE MUIDE
CONSTRUCTION MODULAR ELEMENTS FACTORY
REPAIR SCHOOL
Port warehouses
2 HAND SHOP
Furniture shop URBAN WASTE CONTAINERS
Local Market
Residual spaces
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MUIDE BLUE ECONOMY BUSSINES MODEL
WASTE AS RESOURCE
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PRODUCTION
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LEARNING
RESEARCH
RENTING
1
URBAN WASTE CONTAINERS
RECOLECT
Local production Zero waste Economic indepence Empower community
2
CIRCULAR MUIDE SECOND HAND SHOP
REUSE
Local production Zero waste Economic indepence Empower community
3
FURNITURE REPAIR SCHOOL
REPAIR
Handcraft activity Local Job creation Rethink Functions Saving money
4
C&D MATERIALS CENTER Soft Industrial activity Local Job creation Regional impact Revitalize spaces Local identity
UPCYCLE
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RELATIONS AND INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE VILLAGE
ANIC
ORG
E
T WAS
GAS
BIO RGY
TER YWA GRA
ENE
TER E WA
D AGE DAM ITURE N FUR
ABL POT A
E L AR TRIA Y DUS BILIT D IN E A R N NE NDO T VUL ABA IAL MEN OYE SOC MPL E N U
ER WAT AIR REP
G DIN FOL STEM SY
URE
NAT
STE WA N L ATIO NER ODE E G SS M E JOB IN Y SS U IT B C E TIVE MUID DUC TION PRO DUC PRO NS D MO M FOO O C ATE LE B CRE A CES ORD AFF G SPA RKIN WO
SCA
MO
ED YCL E UPC EXTIL T E TIL TEX TER L SHE
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TY
BILI
STE WA RT SPO N A TR
TEX
TILE
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TY
BILI
PTA
ADA
D
E YCL UPC LS E PAN
IBLE FLEX E C SPA CE SPA
OOL
SCH
3
REFINING THE NETWORK IMPROVING AND GUIDING GENT INITIATIVES Upcycling center of Construction materials
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CURRENT GENT WASTE MANAGMENT
100.000
Combustible household Waste
ton per year
INCINERATION PLANT
Power capacity
4.2 kw
18.000 ton CO2 less
deNOx process
5 bags per week
ENERGY PRODUCTION THROUGH INCINERATION IS NOT A EFFECTIVE SOLUTION TO SOLVE WASTE PRODUCTION
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GENT WASTE CATEGORIES
RECYCLABLE
GENT WASTE MANAGMENT
Tires Construction Electronic Car tires
NON RECYCLABLE
ASPHALT
Coolers Asbestos pipes Freezers stone rubble TV and monitors lumber and planks Computers sleepers Households Plaster board appliances Roofing
Glass Hollow glass Flat glass Impure glass
Plastic
Metal
Paper
Garden
Frying Oi Engine Oil Ink and paint Batteries
Plastic foils Hard plastic Styrofoam PMD
Cans Heating Oil Tanks Iron bucket
Cardboard Paper Cork
Pruning wood Garden waste Trees
STEEL ALUMINUM
NEWSPAPER
SHW
CHIPS
SORTED ELEMENTS
MELTED GLASS
BIODIESEL FUEL
FLAKES
Asbesto plate and insulation Glass wool MDF plates Parquet
Incomplete or disassembles devices
Heat resistant glass Porcelain Fluorecent light bulbes Stone bottels
Medicines Explosives Aerosol Laboratory waste
Dishes Motorcycle helmets Soft plastics Silicon tubes
Fire extinguisher Fuel oil tank
COMPOST
Paper tissues Kitchen roll paper Wallpaper Greasy paper
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LINKING CURRENT STAKE HOLDERS
RECOLECTION
REDUCE
RE-VALUE
WASTE DISPOSAL
ZERO WASTE MARKET
ONLINE SHOP
REUSE MATERIALS
RAW MATERIALS RECYCLING
CONSCIOUS CONSUMPTION
ONLINE CATALOGUE
SECOND HAND
WASTE RECOLLECTION
REUSE
RECYCLE
URBAN MINING
UPCYCLING CENTER JOIN INITIATIVES TO PROVIDES A HOLISTIC SOLUTION TO CLOSE LOOPS IN WASTE MANAGAMENT PROCESSES
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REPAIR
KIND REPAIRING
CANAL NETWORK TO FEED THE SYSTEM
Take advantage of the 2 hand shops locations and use them as collecting points for C&D waste to be transported through canals to the upcycling center. Upcycling center of Construction materials
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CIRCULAR CITY waste as a valued resource
IN
MUIDE
Unused or damage bikes Tires Broken car fixtures Replaced old radiators Old cables Fuel waste Waste collected from water Water containers
Uncommon transportation scooters, skates and skateboards
GENT
Recycled materials for filtration and purification of water Water to be cleaned
Improvement of Gent Waste managment Improvement of energy production Smart city Healthy Industry + housing
Biodegrable waste (coffee waste) Soil from excavation Food containers Old windows and doors from renovation Broken or damaged materials Asbestos and dangerous materials
WORLD Reduction of CO2 Less energy consumption Less chemical process more physics related process Ecosystem logic
Port old warehouses Urban space for waste collection
UNDERSTAND THAT
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Biowaste for energy production Heat from industrial process
Compost Reforestation elements
Uncommon construction materials
Recycled urban furniture
WASTE IS MORE
WE ALREADY HAVE WHAT WE NEED
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OUT
Improvement of saving capacity of residents Rise of income for the community New Local jobs Empowerment of vulnerable communities
CONCLUSION After the development and research of this project it was possible to conclude that it is necessary to generate a shif in the mindset in all the different scales to accomplish a significant change towards circular architecture, mentality and economy. Nevertheless, this should not be misunderstood as an impossible or unrealistic task to achieve. What is clear is that a small intervention that understands clearly its context and takes a position into it, it is going to provide a benefit towards a more sustainable development. A project can generate awarness of the way how we should understand our reality and impulse the generation of new initiatives. Once the circular and metabolism logics are used as methodology it is possible to rediriect and adapt this strategies as one of the main cores to take into account. One of the biggest advantages of taking into account the several design strategies and methodologies shown in this paper is doing more with less effort and energy while generating a more equal society where it is possible to guarantee the improvement of the conditions of our built environment. This project is also a call to a more aware architectural practice that does not contribute to our environmental crisis and that on the other way it provides solutions to fight againt it. It is also a challenge for designers to produce interesting spaces within a framework of sustainable practices not as a restriction and more as an opportunity.
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SOURCES - PAULI, Gunther. Blue Economy. 2010 - HEYWOOD, Huw. 101 rules of thumb for sustainable cities and buildings. RIBA editorial: London, 2015. - STEVENS, Peter. Pautas y patrones en la naturaleza. - ROTOR, Deconstructionet reemploi. PDF - Le dossier du Cstc. L’economie circulaire bien plus que du recyclage. 2016. - GYOOT, Michael. Objectif reemploi. 2017 - VAN DE HEUVEL, Dirk. Studio Rotor: Deconstruction. 2017 - Le bati Bruxelois source de nouveaux materiaux. How to assess the functional adequacy of reused construction elements. 2018 - OVAM. Environmental profile of building elements. 2017 ARTICLES -https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/05/can-the-circular-economy-transformthe-world-s-number-one-consumer-of-raw-materials/ -https://www.ecobouwers.be/zelf-duurzaam-bouwen-mp/abc-van-duurzaambouwen/bouwmaterialen
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