Towards a circular mindset: Upcycling center of construction materials

TOWARDS A NEW CIRCULAR MINDSET UPCYCLING CENTER OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

Master Dissertation Project WASTE MANAGMENT

Laura Alejandra Lamprea Velez

KU Leuven, Faculty of Architecture, Campus Sint-Lucas Ghent International Master of Science in Architecture

Academic promotor: Luc Eeckhout Academic year: 2018-2019

Š All rights reserved under International Copyright Conventions. No part of this publication may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photo-copying, recording or by any information storage retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher or specific copyright owners.

KU Leuven, Faculty of Architecture, Campus Sint-Lucas Ghent Belgium International Master of Science in Architecture Master Dissertation Author Name and Surname Academic promotor Luc Eeckhout Academic year 2018-2019 Publication June 2019

Healing the city Laura Alejandra Lamprea Velez

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“Earth provides enough to satisfy every man’s needs, but not every man’s greed.”

Mahatma Gandhi

FOREWORD Following th UN call “For the goals to be reached, everyone need to do their part: Government, the private sector, civil society and people like you” the develop research and project proposal looks to create awareness about the big role of architecture into generating deep changes towards a more sustainable cities.

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KEYWORDS

Circular city, Resource scarcity, Metabolic city, Upcycling, Contruction and demolition wate C&D, Shift mindset, Unconventional spaces.

ABSTRACT After almost half century of being concerned about the implication of our consumerist lifestyle into the environment, we have not seen dramatic changes that are driving the relation between economy and nature into a positive balance. In fact linear processes in cities are constantly increasing resources depleiton, waste production and pollution.

This means that it is necessary to create an structural change in our mentality or all the efforts are going to continue being useless and out of the path. Then, a circular mindset should be impulsed as a coherent approach to avoid waste of energy and a better management of our resources as well as a good strategy to relate to metabolism logics from nature.

Therefore, this Master dissertation explores a new circular production model within the framework of a healthy circular village with a Masterplan for Muide Meulestede in 2030, then presents a research in zero waste production and sustainalble materials creation and shapes all the findings into an upcycled materials factory building.

Moreover, architecture as a field its introduced as one of the drivers of waste production through construction and demolition waste C&D generation.

Architectural design, material production, and disposal of old building and materials are explored as problematics to be solved to provide a shift from the field itsself.

This exploration showed how dispersed iniciatives can be guided towards a more accurate and resilient objectives, and defined how creating unconventional relations can be a sustainable design strategy to find the innovative proposals needed to achieve a circular mindset

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

00

INTRODUCTION

11

01

GENERAL FRAMEWORK

13

02

03

Analitical tool The methodology The vision The scale approach Master plan ABOUT WASTE About C&D waste Design drivers Circular economy UPCYCLED PANELS Material upcycling Panel fabrication

21 23 25 27 35

48 57 57

UPCYCLING CENTER

Design strategies Proposal

68 70 74 82

CIRCULAR MUIDE REFINING THE NETWORK CONCLUSION SOURCES

66 72

04 05 06 07 08

41

90 97 103 104

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MATERIAL CONSUMPTION INCREMENT IN THE LAST 40 YEARS THE CONTEXT

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INTRODUCTION The current environmental crisis have been increased by the unrelated relation between inputs and outputs that our cities in constant growth require for their operation. It is known that with the current demand we are consuming 3 times more resources than the planet can provide in a healthy and sustainable way. Nevertheless, this consumption is not efficiently used, as it follows the logics of the market where fastproduction and obsolecence are the priority to provide a continue economic feeding of the system.

This processment of resources in an unefficient way with high demands of energy where the output of the process is consider waste is know as a linear economy thinking.

One of the biggest problematic of this mindset is the waste production that is increasing the levels of pollution of the environment as well as the high usage of non renewable materials that is driving us to an scarcity of resources. At the same time this erratic behaviour is compromising the hability to meet the needs of future generations which according to the Burtland report results in an unsustainable development.

Therefore, it is necessary to rethink how our cities can reuse and integrate, the equivocally idea of garbage, into materials waiting to be reintegrated in the system.

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Linear economy - THE PROBLEM

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On the other hand, this linear economy thinking is reflected in the architectural projection where there is not an awareness about the relevance of building consumption and the way resources as water or energy are processed, problematics that later are solved wrongly with additional dispositves that are not efficient. Because of this deviation on the design decision making and relevance, the current projects are contributing to materials waste while creating nonreusable elements and spaces, generating leftovers of materials through very particular designs and while providing pollution through the demolition debris of non flexible buildings.

Therefore, it is necessary to promote the circular economy thinking where the idea of waste is not possible as there is always a chance behind every leftover. A circular thinking is an smarter way to manage our resources and energy as well as an opportunity to generate job opportunities and improve the behaviour of our society. The architectural project should be aware of the economic and social dynamics where it is going to be introduced to start to generate a shift into a more sustainable way of living.

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Doughnut economy - Kate Raworth

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To do so, we have chosen the island of Muide in the city of Ghent to visualize a future city in 2030 where the circular thinking is present and can be visualized through strategic projects that focus on five of the demands of a city (water, energy, food, space, adaptability, waste and mobility) to be a healthy environment to live.

While promoting this kind of thinking into architecture and urban practices is is possible to provide in a more effective and meaningful ways a solution to improve of our cities and built environment which is directly connected with the remediation of the natural environment. By recognizing the power that an architectural project has to empower alternative ways of living, working and leisure we can easily facilitate a pattern of change in social behavious and economic patterns.

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GENERAL FRAMEWORK 1

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1.THE MASTER PLAN- MUIDE MEULESTEDE 2030 1.1 THE FRAMEWORK SUSTAINABILITY GOALS TARGET 12 Within the framework of the United Nations sustainable goals it is necesary to start to implement a 10 years framework to achieve a sustainable management that promotes and efficient use of natural resources. Then this is decided as the goal to achieve the vision of a sustainable city that can be replicated and generate a change.

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H + N + S Landscape architects

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1.3 Urban

metabolism- ANALITIC TOOL

The way to find a good balance between human settlements and nature and create a positive relationship between each other can be achieved through the analisys of its inputs and outputs in the way we do with natural metabolisms.

The city as a gathering of human beings behaves as an natural organism that consume certain resources, process and metabolizes materials and generates some outputs classified as waste.

Therefore, the urban metabolism approach appears as a tool to understand the city behaviours, allows to recognize each system and finally provides some strategies of remediation of the bad behaviours that are afecting our quality of life as well as the environment.

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Lendager group analisys - Gronttorvet spisehuis

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THE METHODOLOGY 1.4 Close the loop - Find relations After understanding the city as the metabolism it was necesary to group the resources to do an analisys of each chain and find relationships to close the open loops. The used sustainable strategy consists in find relations between the different groups and in this way it is possible to enrich the possibilities of the chain .

The defined basic resources are as well as in Ledanger group diagram Materials, Water, Food and Nature and Energy which respond to an ecosystemic approach.

Nevertheless, this is the built environment which includes Space as a resource that has to be taken as an element to be well managed a well as its Adaptability.

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THE VISION 1.2 The healthy city While the cities are driven by the forces of stressing consumption, the good quality spaces and conditions are deteriorate. The way to achieve this conditions of wellbeing is relating the group of resources with the qualities that can be reinforced and highlighted after solving the loop.

According to this statement we defined 4 qualities to be explored through strategic hub located in buildings that represent the awarness of the problem: ADAPTABILITY which allows place making and evolution of the spaces with time and society, an smart usage of space and development of a mix fuctionalities.

CONECTIVITY which allows a local network with human scale spaces and proximity to save energy and reduce carbon print.

BIODIVERSITY where nature is not a leftover and interacts with the city in a healthy way proving food and letting the rewilding of cities happen. Integrates urban food production and water treatment.

CIRCULARITY where the local production is reinforced according to the available resources which can estimulate the local economy.

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R4

R4 N9

0

N7

R40

Gent Dampoort

A14

Gent-Sint-Pieters

A10

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N9

N43

1.5 SCALE APPROACH - ZOOM IN / ZOOM OUT At the same time as the nature has the global, the local and the inmediate environment where all our decisitions have a repercussion, every decisition making has an effect in the city scale, the local scale and the building itselft.

This approach provides a better understanding of the whole picture of the behaviours and the help to find conections while understanding the system itself.

Therefore we did a study of the current situation of muide regarding to Gent Natural system, water supply chain, city conections and waste managment operation.

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ADAPTABILITY Urban scale - Focal points High-rise buildings possible Adjusted scale - correct scale to be researched (4-6 storeys) Social housing Buildings recommended to acquire To be urbanized industrial areas Industrial harbor hangars - Structure to be maintained

MOBILITY Water mobility Train tracks Fast speed roads Bus and tram mobility Bike mobility Bus stops Tram stops

C

Cambio stops

GREEN Green areas

ENERGY Gas station and electricity building Electricity post

C

12

C

C

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A SCENARIO TO EXPLORE THE REMEDIATION OF A CITY Through the lenses of the urban metabolism and the defined resources it was possible to understand that :

ADAPTABILITY

This former industrial and port area is in transformation with available structures and spaces to be resignified

MOBILITY

The three main axis that cross the island are suficient and appropiated and just need to be more coherent with slow mobility priority, variety of transport options and take advantage of the water as a potential circulation area.

GREEN

There are green areas are related to the residential spaces and are open spaces where multiple food production, edible park and take place.

ENERGY

There is dependency on Gent supply which is an open opportunity to implement a circular usage of biowaste and household waste to provide energy.

Muide openloops can be closed an can provide a scenario for sustainable development. Because of its condition of a well connected island it is possible to generate an scenario as it has all the elements present in a big city.

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URBAN LAYERING - ECONOMY DYNAMIC According to the study of the current situation it was possible to establish a urban layer organization that is part of the island and that can be a tool to repurpose the city logics.

HARBOUR AREA: In service of the port in front used to be a gate for products and storage with a purely logistic function.

INDUSTRIAL AREA: Collects all the industrial and productive activities and gathers the highest amounts of traffic and goods.

RESIDENTIAL AREA: In function to the port and industrial activities it requires a local structure that is not dependent on Gent activities.

CROSSED AXIS Away to relate the existent layers is to connect them with the crossed streets where a new system and locis can be introduced It was possible to identify five main axis that had a complete relation with the layers and had potential areas to provide the implementation of new systems.

After the analisys of its qualities it was possible to define one of them as the main tructural that can provide a core and centralities to the island.

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Pre-Industrial

Housing

Transition

0

5 10

0 5 10 0 5 10

Density-Scale

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Industrial

THE HEART OF THE VILLAGE-PROVIDING AN STRUCTURE

The chosen axis has a particular location as it provides certain elements where a central focus can be proposed.

DRY DOCK- Located in the west canal its related with the identity of the place as well as with the creation of a water entrance to the island.

MEETING POINT: the crossing of four streets coming from diferent directions generates a meeting point or square with high accesibility that can be defined as the activity core CHURCH BACKGROUND Communitiy iniciatives are taking place in this old church towards sustainability.

GAS STATION: an strategic point of connection with Gent, the harbour and the ourskits.

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ADAPTABILITY Adjusted scale - correct scale to be researched (4-6 storeys) Social housing Buildings recommended to acquire To be urbanized industrial areas Industrial harbor hangars - Structure to be maintained

WATER Water Pond C

MOBILITY Water mobility Train tracks Fast speed roads Bus and tram mobility Bike mobility Bus stops Tram stops

C

Cambio stops Water-bus stops

C 2H

ENERGY Gas station and electricity building Electricity post

2H

Floating element

2H

12

GREEN Green areas Green belt C

Streets with new trees Residential streets Meulesteedsesteenweg/Muidepoort/Voormuide

WASTE Waste container port

C

Waste collector point 2H

Second hand market Up-cycling center

C

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Repair School

MUIDE MASTER PLAN PROPOSAL The proposed interventions are looking foward an improvement of the living conditions of the island as well as to promote it gradual evoltion into sustainable development.

The main strategies consist in: A GREEN LOOP conformation to provide a continue system for nature resttlement as well as a productivity area.

TRAFFIC DEVIATION that allows the continuity of the green loop as well as deacreases the afectation of heavy traffic into the local scale..

REACTIVATION OF HARBOUR with activities that respond to the local necesities SPREAD SYSTEMS of energy supply, waste management and water purification that can be used by all the inhabitants.

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Voorhaven Old Harbour

Neighborhood

Green Belt

Housing

Public Services & Recreative Spaces

Groot Dok

New Harbour

N

Zoning

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MUIDE MAIN AXIS PROPOSAL AND INTERVENTIONS According to the needs and requirements of each design resources drivers the have located SPACE directed building with a co-housing proposal in the old harbour.

FOOD PRODUCTION CENTER empowering current existent sustainable initiatives MATERIALS CREATION CENTER related to local job creation and empowering WATER TREATMENT AREA in the green loop where natural process can take place MOBILITY CENTER to exchange transport medium and distribute goods with a slow mobility approach ADAPTABLE oriented building reusing an old existing industrial structure ENERGY PRODUCTION CENTER related to the industrial activities WASTE MANAGMENT CENTER to reduce pollution and achieve efficient process.

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Mobility

Adaptability

Waste

Food

Energy

Textile

Haas

Water

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COLLABORATIVE DESIGN-SMART DESIGN PROCESS The colective work while developing each focus proposal allowed us to find several solutions that later on could be taken as an advantage to provide an uncommon response to an issue.

We were possible to identify the needs of resources and the excess of them and find connection to cushion the affectation and be able to keep a balanced relationship in the village.

In the later development of the building proposal it is going to be highlighted how strategies from other topics can be crucial to solve the main issues of waste managment.

In this way it is possible to work in harmony with the economy but also with the nature. And at the same time while we are conscious of the relations it is possible to reevaluate them and find the eventual failings on the system.

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“Etymologically, the english word “waste” steams from the latin word vastus, the same latin root as for the root as for the english word “vast” meaning ”unoccupied” or ininhabited””

2

ABOUT WASTE

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WHAT IS WASTE “waste as matter has a disturbing presence” krzak collectivity

Madaster image

WHEN A MATERIAL IS NOT VALUED THEN IS DISCARDED. IT BECOMES AN UNWANTED MATTER WITH A DISTURBENCE PRESENCE. IT SHOULD BE CLEAR THE WAYS A MATERIAL CAN BE CONTINUESLY USED

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WITHOUT A LIFE CYCLE.

MATERIALS MEANT TO BE WASTE “Modernity’s concept of progress is built on the ideal of constantly replacing the old with the new. Waste, in massive quantities, thus forms the smelly underbelly of modernity”

CURRENT ECONOMIC LOGIC

SUSTAINA

ETERNAL WASTE PRODUCERS

SMART M

SMALL INVESTMENTS MORE OFTEN

U

Low quality products Programmed obsolecense

Ephemeral trend related

Short term use

Short term satisfaction

Goo

Constantl update

Long term use

OBJECTS WITHOUT VALUE

OB

Materials in oblivion

Rec

David La Chapelle - Couture consumption

The logics of fast consumption that impulse misspending of materials potential to feed the consumerist lifestyle removed the real value from the object so it is obsolete faster.

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MATERIAL CONSUMPTION

According to the UN cities con-

78 % the world’s energy and produce 2.6 trillion of garbage per year. sume

This growing tendency is leaded by the raw materials extraction

240% of rise in 40 years.

which has reach a Data by materials flows.net

Eventhough Belgium does not have big population in comparison with other develop countries it leads the trend of raw material consumption in between United states and China.Therefore, it is relevant to propose ways to reduce and desinterest the raw materials consumption while revealing the surplus behing waste reuse.

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MATERIAL SCARCITY

OVER

3.3 billion tons OF RESOURCES HAVE BEEN extracted FROM THE

OVER

127 million tons OF WASTE HAVE BEEN dumped GLOBALLY THIS

EARTH GLOBALLY THIS YEAR YEAR

Non renewable materials following the current consuption patterns have 58 years left. It is not possible to continue this behaviour anymore.

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MATERIAL EXTRACTION

ALMOST 50% OF THE MATERIAL EXTRACTION IN THE WORLD IS RELATED TO NON METALLIC MATERIALS FOR

CONSTRUCTION

The activity construction it is a big consumer of resources in relation with the spreads of cities.

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WASTE DISPOSAL IN DEVELOPED COUNTRIES

JUST

2%

IT IS TRULY

RETURN

TO THE SYSTEM AND

MANAGED

More than 60% of all the used materials or the leftovers after our processing finish their lifecycle in dumps or landfills where are out of the chain and are deedless. 26% is located in unknown location with most of the time implies it is storage without being used and its just kept out of the system.

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“Maybe waste is just an attitude that we apply to matters that do not seem to hold any potential value� krzak collectivity

ABOUT C&D WASTE 2.2

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MANUFACTURE OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

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DEMOLITION PHASE OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

Belgium anual C&D waste production comparison - Rotor

DEMOLITION WASTE

EXCAVATION WASTE

90%

10%

“Demolition and disposal of old buildings represents a further and often unnecessary action that also impacts on the environment”p.25

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RECLAIMING CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

Image: Reclaiming materials - Rotor

FAST DEMOLITION PRACTICES ARE ALSO GENERATING MORE WASTE PRODUCTION

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POLICIES TO AVOID DEMOLITION WASTE

Image: OVAM - Sustainable strategies

FLANDERS EFFORT TO DENSIFICATION

PROMOTE REUSE

OF OLD HOUSING AND

Government plays an important role to help to reduce demolition waste by protecting existent construction and promoting its refurbishment.

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REUSABLE CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS

REUSABLE WITHOUT CHEMICAL PROCESS STONY AND GLASS

NON EASYLY REUSABLE

WOOD

Composite wood - OSB Surface treated - Window frame - Parket - - Plywood Chemical treated Garden sreens Untreated - Stucture beams and columns

METALS

PVC

AERATED CONCRETE Bricks - Rooftiles Sand - Gravel Concrete Flat glass Tiles - Natural stones Porcelain and ceramic BITUMEN

SUPPLE FLOORING Vapour barrier Water proof

Pallets Paper and Cardboard Plastic film EPS

REMAINING WASTE Combustible Non combustible

Gypsum board

ELASTOMERS Stone wool - Glass wool Organic Synthetic materials

Paint Plaster Coating

Kraft paper Vapour barrier

GYPSUM ELEMENTS

INSULATION

Linoleum Vynil

FINISHING LAYERS

POLYOLEFINS

Iron - Steel - Copper IPE - Truss Mesh - Net Screws

PACKAGING

Pipes - Profiles Cables - Sheets

Stuctural elements

HAZARDOUS EPDM roofing

Aerosol Resins Abesto Fluorecent light

Most of the non directly reusable materials are related to toxic substances or non desmountable elements. Avoid this kind of products is very important to provide more flexibility in the de-construction process.

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IDENTIFYING CONSTRUCTION MATERIAL WASTE

!

! !

!

The biggest quantity of wasted materials in construction are wooden elements, concrete, insulation and rooftiles. Therefore, for this materials is more urgent to provide a reintegration in the system taking advantage of its best qualities.

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PROPOSED C&D WASTE REPURPOSE

CONSTRUTION FIXTURES

CONSTRUTION ELEMENTS

POWDER AND GRANULAR WASTE

RAW MATERIALS WASTE

CONSTRUCTION ELEMENTS AND GRAULAR WASTE ARE THE CHOSEN MATERIALS TO BE UPCYCLED IN THE PROPOSED PANELS

According to state of the construction and demolion waste the proposed organization looks to reduce the energy consumption while decreasing the possibilities of recycling that is the most energy consuming process and benefiting upcycling initiatives.

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CURRENT OPEN LOOP OF MATERIAL PRODUCTION

Raw materials Non related and different factories Multiple measurements Specific design process Demolition Materials in oblivion

TOWARDS

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PROPOSED CLOSED LOOP OF MATERIAL PRODUCTION

Recicled materials Related factories Modular measurements Encajables materiales Demountable process Reusable material

ZERO WASTE PRODUCTION IN CONSTRUCTION PROCESS

Laura Alejandra Lamprea Velez

THE

REFERENCE PROJECT

Image: Recycling plant Abalos y Herreros

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ECODESIGN

CONSTRUCTION

NEW CYCLE OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS DISSASEMBLE

BUILDING

USER

DESIGN DRIVERS

2.2

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SOLVE AND THEN IMPROVE

FIRST

UPCYCLE AND DESIGN FOR REUSE

Upcycling is a method that can remediate the problematics caused by the closed and linear mentallity and can provide a better value to downgraded materials. Nevertheless, a circular and sustainable design method should be directed towards dismountable and modular elements that can create a circular process in the architectural design practice.

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PROJECT REFERENCE

UPCYCLE HOUSE - LENDAGER ARKITEKTER The amount of energy used in recycling or upcycling is a fraction of the energy used when converting raw materials to building components “We initially thought that a reduction of 65% CO2 was unrealistic, but when we ran the LCA (Life Cycle Assesment) on all materials throughout the entire project, it turned out that we had reduced the CO2 emissions associated with construction with 86%, compared to a benchmark house” Lendager arkitekter

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DESIGN DRIVERS

MODULARITY AND DESIGN FOR REUSE To achieve an ecodesign it is necessary to include a module from everypart of the elements respond to

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DESIGN DRIVERS

Image: Deconstruction et reemploi, Rotor

DECONSTRUCTION AND FLEXIBILITY

DESIGN FOR

A building has several layers that respond to specific fuctions and have diferent rates of lifespan. While understanding this relation it is possible to improve our understanding of the advantages of the materials and their patterns of change.

While the structure is meant to last for several decades a skin can be renewed after several years. Therefor we focus on provide a better solution to a fast trend of renew that is part of our lifestyle.

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DESIGN DRIVERS

DECONSTRUCTION AND FLEXIBILITY

DESIGN FOR

Through prefabrication and return of elements to the manufecter is is possible to reduce the materials extraction and architectural practices can enter into zero waste logics.

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RRENT ECONOMIC LOGIC

SUSTAINABLE ECONOMIC LOGIC

ERNAL WASTE PRODUCERS

SMART MATERIALS PRODUCERS

SMALL INVESTMENTS MORE OFTEN

UNIQUE INVESTMENT

Low quality products

Good quality products

ammed lecense

Ephemeral trend related

Constantly updated

Flexible and removable

rt term use

Short term satisfaction

Long term use

Long term satisfaction

OBJECTS WITHOUT VALUE

OBJECTS WITH A VALUE

Materials in oblivion

Recognized Materials

DESIGN FOR

MATERIAL OPTIMIZATION

This means to provide a product that can be easy to update for the needs of fast consumption of our society as well as that can last for a long time. This happens when the characteristic of the material are used in the smartest way and we avoid using low quality materials.

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SHIFT MINDSET STRATEGIES

Image: Deconstruction et reemploi, Rotor

PROVIDE A

MATERIAL DATABASE FOR MATERIAL VALUE

If we recognize easily the characteristics and condition of the material this can be effectively track and we are more aware of the value of it.

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From Deconstruction et reemploi by rotor

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UPCYCLED PANELS

FLEXIBILITY AND MODULARITY

DEFINING THE FRAME

GABION

FIX IN A FRAME

SEWED IN A FRAME

BENT WITH SUPPORTS

THE GOAL IS TO ACHIEVE THE MOST FLEXIBLE OPTIONS WITH THE MINIMUM AMOUNT OF MATERIALS AND ELEMENTS

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DIRECTING STRATEGIES

DESMOUNTABLE FACADE

Click fixture Percentage of waste

Lego-like

Facade Click

David Hakkens

Conceptos plรกsticos

Belgium

The Netherlands

Colombia

Composite Waste Brick Stone cycling The Netherlands

BRISOLEI PANELS

Old tiles from renovation

Unsorted roof tiles

Fixed briesolei of bricks

Movable glass division

Rotor

Wang shu

Abdum design

Divicat

Gent

China

Iran

Spain

FACADE ALTERNATIVES

ACOUSTIC PANEL

The design strategy consist in take from the broad amount of existent materials some examples and redirect them towards modularity and flexibility. Techniques, new materials and fixtures and joint together and show how it is completely possible to achieve a creative proposal while being sustainable

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Const Material packaking

Paper tiles

Men work clothes

Fabric panels

Renewi

Dear human

Construction companies

Gessato

Gent

Canada

Gent

Chile

DIVISION WALL PANEL Laura Alejandra Lamprea Velez

David Hakkens

Conceptos plรกsticos

The Netherlands

Colombia

Belgium

Stone cycling The Netherlands

BRISOLEI PANELS

DIRECTING STRATEGIES Old tiles from renovation

Unsorted roof tiles

Fixed briesolei of bricks

Movable glass division

Rotor

Wang shu

Abdum design

Divicat

Gent

China

Iran

Spain

ACOUSTIC PANEL

Const Material packaking

Paper tiles

Men work clothes

Fabric panels

Renewi

Dear human

Construction companies

Gessato

Gent

Canada

Gent

Chile

DIVISION WALL PANEL

Recycled fiber structure

PET tranlucent wall

Can heating system

Matress foam panel

ECOR panels

Project DWG

ECOcosas

Potato head

USA

INTERIOR WALL ALTERNATIVES Chile The Netherlands

Bali

The chosen materials come from the construction activity including clothing and packaging. This to looking for the target of zero waste in the construction activity.

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ADAPTABLE ELEMENTS OF SPATIAL COMPOSITION

MATERIALS

ADAPTABLE ELEMENTS

RECLAIMED WOOD

UPCYCLED PANEL

UPCYCLED FABRIC

RECLAIMED WINDOWS

GRID + PANELS

FRAME + PANELS

FLEXIBILITY

PRIVACY

DETAILS

OPENESSS

DISMOUNTABLE JOINS

DISMOUNTABLE JOINS

FLEXIBILITY

FOLDING STRUCTURE

SLIDING PANEL

The number of materials used is kept as minimal as possible starting with reclaimed wood for the frame structures, the upcycled panels produced in the factory, upcycled fabric from The textile lab of Muide and reclaimed windows from demolitions. It is defined two adaptable systems that can

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MATERIALS

EXISTING MATERIAL - FACADE REUSE

SANDWICH PANEL

HEMPCRETE

MUD PLASTER

OPERATIONS

N

SLIDING PANEL

The existing steel sandwich panel is reused as sliding doors, shading system and openings to improve the spatial quality of the space. To improve the cold and industrial perception of this material, in the interior hempcrete its used to increase the resistance to temperature changes as well as mud plaster that provides a warm feeling that allows more appropiate environment for people. Also this material has moisture control properties as well as can be easily return to its raw state.

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UPCYCLING C&D CENTER

3 BRINGING HEALTHY INDUSTRY BACK TO THE CITY 72

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SHIFT IN INDUSTRIAL SPATIAL ENVIROMENT

BUILDING SCALE CHALLENGE

Noise / Pollution / Closed / Far

Low industry / Urban space / Accesible / Open

A healthy city bring the production spaces by being aware of the importance of the generation of good working spaces. In this way, industry can be reintegrated into the dynamics of the city and can even provide and generate good quality public spaces for the city.

Normally a factory is related to noise, big amounts of air pollution and close and unrelated to its surroundings.

To rethink this spaces the practic factor of its operation should be mitigated through buffers, connected urban spaces, and mix of uses.

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SPATIAL STRATEGIES

MFO Zurich by Raderschall

GREEN HOUSES To mitigate the noisy and unhealthy environment of a factory, including green houses that bring the green can be used as the common areas for the workers as well as for the city. At the same time, the green houses can be included into a food production process. It also helps to purify the polluted air and can provide wellbeing in a productive city.

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FORMAL OPERATIONS FOR PERMEABILITY AND SPACE QUALITY Open harbour

Substraction

Addition

Identification

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IDENTITY OF WAREHOUSES

IDENTITY OF THE GREENHOUSES

RELAXING AREA GREENHOUSE RECREATIONAL PARK BOTANICAL GARDEN RESTAURANT MEETING POINT COWORKING SPACE ENTRANCE VIEWPOINT HINTERLAND

RELAXING AREA GREENHOUSE RECREATIONAL PARK BOTANICAL GARDEN

FOOD MARKET FOOD FACTORY DINNING AREA GATHERING SPACE

BREAKING REPETITION / PROVIDING GREEN Green houses also are an ordering factor of the big industrial complex with the volumetric language that is related to diferent functions as well as to private and public permits.

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FUNCTION DEFINITION OF THE WAREHOUSES

SORTING AREA REPAIR UPCYCLE RECYCLE

PRODUCTION AREA HANDMADE WORKSHOP TRAINING AREA BRICK PRODUCTION

SELLING AREA SHOWROOM START UPS

BUSSINESS MODEL In the existing warehouses it is proposed the production activities of the upcycling center first with a sorting area of the waste received from muide and Gent

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FLOW OF GOODS AND PEOPLE

BIOENERGY PLANT

PARKING

BIOMASS

TRANSPORT

BIO MATERIALS

WASTE LOGISTIC CENTER (HEAVY INDUSTRY)

SORTING AREA

TECH MATERIALS

G O O D S

RECYCLE

REUSE

UPCYCLE

REPAIR

IVAGO

2 HAND

FACTORY

REPAIR SCHOOL

HANDMADE WORKSHOP

DESIGN AND RESEARCH ATELIER

-Facade panels -Finishing Panels -Flexible space divisions

STORE P E O P L E

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STORAGE

BRICK PRODUCTION

-Debris bricks

C&D WASTE UPCYCLING FACTORY (LIGHT INDUSTRY)

SHIPPING

SHOWROOM DEPOT STARTUPS

Cafeteria / dinning room / toilets / garden

SHOWROOM DEPOT COMMON SERVICES

Flexible offices/ auditorium/ living room

SHOWROOM DEPOT HOTEL

Single and double rooms

Laura Alejandra Lamprea Velez

MUIDE ZERO WASTE MASTER PLAN

STORE AND SHOWROOMS

SPATIAL STRATEGIES

SHIFTED FUNTIONALITY

STORE MATERIALS EXHIBITION

MUSEUM VISITORS PATH

START UPS NON CONVENTIONAL WORKING SPACES

WAREHOUSE IDENTITY

COMBINATION OF GOOD QUALITIES The strategy to improve the quality space of a construction material store is to combine it with a showroom that is not motionless and fake but avoid waste of space and provide an activity that improves the development of the factory with research material startups.

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SPATIAL STRATEGIES

Matadero Music Hall - Langarita Navarro

BOX IN A BOX LOGIC The strategy to improve the quality space of a construction material store is to combine it with a showroom that is not motionless and fake but avoid waste of space and provide an activity that improves the development of the factory with research material startups.

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SPATIAL STRATEGIESCOMPOSITION ELEMENTS

GRID + PANEL

-Flexible but with guidance -Several grades of privacy -Several space sizes -Semi-private space -Inmediate trasformation of spaces

ADAPTABLE BOX

-Easy to reposition -2 levels of privacy -Adaptable size -Private space -Fast transformation of spaces

FIXED AREAS

-Not easy to reposition -1 levels of privacy - Fixed size -Private space -Slow transformation of spaces

COMPOSITION ELEMENTS The main purpose is being able to generate flexible and adaptable spaces with the less amount of elements as possible. At the same time this elements can be recomposed to achieve the different spatial requirements.

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VARIETY OF SPATIAL COMPOSITIONS With the proposed grid + panel and Box in a box composition elements it is possible to arrange the space according to different funcitons such as offices, workshops, exhibitions and industrial activities .

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OPENING THE FACTORY TO THE PUBLIC The facade design strategy consist in opening the warehouses to the main street revealing the activities ocurring in the interior to the citizens.

The bridge acts as a internal public street that allows visitor and workers to move freely in the center without compromising the industrial activities.

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START UP HUB AND SHOWROOM AREA

The produced panels are exhibit in the Startup area that acts as a showroom without letting the space without being used. This allows to offer cheap renting areas that can generate job as well as innovation and knoledge production. The interior of the warehouse with hempcrete and mud plaster offer a more friendly environment for this kind of actiities.

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INTERIOR STREET GREENHOUSE

The greenhouses act as the gates and conection with the public area. The reclaimed and recycled doors are painted in different colors to provide identity and orientation. This are the areas with more public flow. Also the filter for visitors can take place here.

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INTERIOR STREET WAREHOUSE

The circulation strip acts as a internal street that allows an efficient circulation without compromising the activities of the factory. A red bridge, an orange elevator and yellow stairase provides a clear color code for visitors to easily orientate and move through the complex.

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3

TOWARDS A CIRCULAR MUIDE A

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NETWORK FOR THE BLUE ECONOMY

PRODUCTIVE CITY ZERO WASTE LOCAL MATERIALS CREATE COMMONS

CIRCULAR VILLAGE MUIDE

CONSTRUCTION MODULAR ELEMENTS FACTORY

REPAIR SCHOOL

Port warehouses

2 HAND SHOP

Furniture shop URBAN WASTE CONTAINERS

Local Market

Residual spaces

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MUIDE BLUE ECONOMY BUSSINES MODEL

WASTE AS RESOURCE

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PRODUCTION

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LEARNING

RESEARCH

RENTING

1

URBAN WASTE CONTAINERS

RECOLECT

Local production Zero waste Economic indepence Empower community

2

CIRCULAR MUIDE SECOND HAND SHOP

REUSE

Local production Zero waste Economic indepence Empower community

3

FURNITURE REPAIR SCHOOL

REPAIR

Handcraft activity Local Job creation Rethink Functions Saving money

4

C&D MATERIALS CENTER Soft Industrial activity Local Job creation Regional impact Revitalize spaces Local identity

UPCYCLE

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RELATIONS AND INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE VILLAGE

ANIC

ORG

E

T WAS

GAS

BIO RGY

TER YWA GRA

ENE

TER E WA

D AGE DAM ITURE N FUR

ABL POT A

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G DIN FOL STEM SY

URE

NAT

STE WA N L ATIO NER ODE E G SS M E JOB IN Y SS U IT B C E TIVE MUID DUC TION PRO DUC PRO NS D MO M FOO O C ATE LE B CRE A CES ORD AFF G SPA RKIN WO

SCA

MO

ED YCL E UPC EXTIL T E TIL TEX TER L SHE

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TY

BILI

STE WA RT SPO N A TR

TEX

TILE

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TY

BILI

PTA

ADA

D

E YCL UPC LS E PAN

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SCH

3

REFINING THE NETWORK IMPROVING AND GUIDING GENT INITIATIVES Upcycling center of Construction materials

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CURRENT GENT WASTE MANAGMENT

100.000

Combustible household Waste

ton per year

INCINERATION PLANT

Power capacity

4.2 kw

18.000 ton CO2 less

deNOx process

5 bags per week

ENERGY PRODUCTION THROUGH INCINERATION IS NOT A EFFECTIVE SOLUTION TO SOLVE WASTE PRODUCTION

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GENT WASTE CATEGORIES

RECYCLABLE

GENT WASTE MANAGMENT

Tires Construction Electronic Car tires

NON RECYCLABLE

ASPHALT

Coolers Asbestos pipes Freezers stone rubble TV and monitors lumber and planks Computers sleepers Households Plaster board appliances Roofing

Glass Hollow glass Flat glass Impure glass

Plastic

Metal

Paper

Garden

Frying Oi Engine Oil Ink and paint Batteries

Plastic foils Hard plastic Styrofoam PMD

Cans Heating Oil Tanks Iron bucket

Cardboard Paper Cork

Pruning wood Garden waste Trees

STEEL ALUMINUM

NEWSPAPER

SHW

CHIPS

SORTED ELEMENTS

MELTED GLASS

BIODIESEL FUEL

FLAKES

Asbesto plate and insulation Glass wool MDF plates Parquet

Incomplete or disassembles devices

Heat resistant glass Porcelain Fluorecent light bulbes Stone bottels

Medicines Explosives Aerosol Laboratory waste

Dishes Motorcycle helmets Soft plastics Silicon tubes

Fire extinguisher Fuel oil tank

COMPOST

Paper tissues Kitchen roll paper Wallpaper Greasy paper

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LINKING CURRENT STAKE HOLDERS

RECOLECTION

REDUCE

RE-VALUE

WASTE DISPOSAL

ZERO WASTE MARKET

ONLINE SHOP

REUSE MATERIALS

RAW MATERIALS RECYCLING

CONSCIOUS CONSUMPTION

ONLINE CATALOGUE

SECOND HAND

WASTE RECOLLECTION

REUSE

RECYCLE

URBAN MINING

UPCYCLING CENTER JOIN INITIATIVES TO PROVIDES A HOLISTIC SOLUTION TO CLOSE LOOPS IN WASTE MANAGAMENT PROCESSES

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REPAIR

KIND REPAIRING

CANAL NETWORK TO FEED THE SYSTEM

Take advantage of the 2 hand shops locations and use them as collecting points for C&D waste to be transported through canals to the upcycling center.

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CIRCULAR CITY waste as a valued resource

IN

MUIDE

Unused or damage bikes Tires Broken car fixtures Replaced old radiators Old cables Fuel waste Waste collected from water Water containers

Uncommon transportation scooters, skates and skateboards

GENT

Recycled materials for filtration and purification of water Water to be cleaned

Improvement of Gent Waste managment Improvement of energy production Smart city Healthy Industry + housing

Biodegrable waste (coffee waste) Soil from excavation Food containers Old windows and doors from renovation Broken or damaged materials Asbestos and dangerous materials

WORLD Reduction of CO2 Less energy consumption Less chemical process more physics related process Ecosystem logic

Port old warehouses Urban space for waste collection

UNDERSTAND THAT

Laura Alejandra Lamprea Velez

Biowaste for energy production Heat from industrial process

Compost Reforestation elements

Uncommon construction materials

Recycled urban furniture

WASTE IS MORE

WE ALREADY HAVE WHAT WE NEED

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OUT

Improvement of saving capacity of residents Rise of income for the community New Local jobs Empowerment of vulnerable communities

CONCLUSION After the development and research of this project it was possible to conclude that it is necessary to generate a shif in the mindset in all the different scales to accomplish a significant change towards circular architecture, mentality and economy.

Nevertheless, this should not be misunderstood as an impossible or unrealistic task to achieve. What is clear is that a small intervention that understands clearly its context and takes a position into it, it is going to provide a benefit towards a more sustainable development.

A project can generate awarness of the way how we should understand our reality and impulse the generation of new initiatives. Once the circular and metabolism logics are used as methodology it is possible to rediriect and adapt this strategies as one of the main cores to take into account.

One of the biggest advantages of taking into account the several design strategies and methodologies shown in this paper is doing more with less effort and energy while generating a more equal society where it is possible to guarantee the improvement of the conditions of our built environment.

This project is also a call to a more aware architectural practice that does not contribute to our environmental crisis and that on the other way it provides solutions to fight againt it. It is also a challenge for designers to produce interesting spaces within a framework of sustainable practices not as a restriction and more as an opportunity.

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SOURCES - PAULI, Gunther. Blue Economy. 2010 - HEYWOOD, Huw. 101 rules of thumb for sustainable cities and buildings. RIBA editorial: London, 2015.

- STEVENS, Peter. Pautas y patrones en la naturaleza.

- ROTOR, Deconstructionet reemploi.

PDF - Le dossier du Cstc. L’economie circulaire bien plus que du recyclage. 2016.

- GYOOT, Michael. Objectif reemploi. 2017 - VAN DE HEUVEL, Dirk. Studio Rotor: Deconstruction. 2017 - Le bati Bruxelois source de nouveaux materiaux. How to assess the functional adequacy of reused construction elements. 2018 - OVAM. Environmental profile of building elements. 2017 ARTICLES -https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2016/05/can-the-circular-economy-transformthe-world-s-number-one-consumer-of-raw-materials/ -https://www.ecobouwers.be/zelf-duurzaam-bouwen-mp/abc-van-duurzaambouwen/bouwmaterialen

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