Czasowniki frazowe. Język angielski Phrasal verbs by Langenscheidt Polska

Język angielski • Czasowniki frazowe na poziomie A1-C1 uporządkowane alfabetycznie • Różnorodne ćwiczenia utrwalające wraz z kluczem odpowiedzi • Testy sprawdzające, przykłady i słowniczki • Praktyczne wskazówki i zabawne rysunki, dzięki którym łatwiej zapamiętać nowe informacje

ISBN 978-83-7476-594-7

Cena: 19,90 zł

Język angielski Czasowniki frazowe

Langenscheidt Czasowniki frazowe

Powtórka przed • klasówką • maturą • egzaminem

Langenscheidt Czasowniki frazowe

Język angielski

Langenscheidt

Czasowniki frazowe

Język angielski Elżbieta Mańko konsultacja językowa

James Todd

Warszawa

Tytuł: Czasowniki frazowe. Język angielski Autor: Elżbieta Mańko Redaktor prowadzący: Joanna Szeligowska Konsultacja językowa: James Todd Redakcja: Klaudyna Cwynar Korekta: Krystyna Luto-Lach, Magdalena Lech, Agnieszka Łodzińska Okładka: Grażyna Ficenes Ilustracje: Marzenna Dobrowolska Skład i łamanie: Marzenna Dobrowolska

ISBN 978-83-7476-939-6

Drogi Czytelniku!

Jak wiadomo, angielskie czasowniki złożone (phrasal verbs) przysparzają nam wielu kłopotów. Tymczasem w żywej mowie i języku potocznym są używane bardzo często. Czasami łatwiej jest nam zapamiętać formę oficjalną danego czasownika np. postpone/delay niż formę potoczną put off. To dlatego język angielski w wykonaniu Polaków brzmi często chłodno i zbyt oficjalnie, a między rozmówcami tworzy niepotrzebny dystans. Ta książka pomoże to zmienić. Znajdziesz w niej: • 365 czasowników złożonych uporządkowanych alfabetycznie • minisłowniczek na każdej stronie • przykład użycia czasownika w zdaniu z tłumaczeniem na język polski • ćwiczenia utrwalające • klucz odpowiedzi • 30 testów sprawdzających na końcu książki Książka ta przeznaczona jest dla wszystkich uczących się języka angielskiego: zarówno na poziomie podstawowym jak i zaawansowanym. Według Europejskiego Systemu Kształcenia Językowego publikacja z zakresu A1-C1 wspaniale nadaje się dla uczniów szkół ponadpodstawowych i studentów oraz nauczycieli przygotowujących się do zajęć. Słowem dla wszystkich, którzy chcą udoskonalić lub sprawdzić swoją znajomość języka angielskiego.

Życzymy powodzenia! Autorka i Wydawnictwo

Spis treści Wstęp ASK

BLOW BREAK BRING CALL CARRY CATCH CHECK CHOP CLEAN CLEAR CLOSE COME COUNT CUT DIE DO DROP EAT FALL FILL FOLLOW GET GIVE GO HAND HANG HELP HOLD JUMP KEEP KNOCK LEAVE LET LIE LIVE LOOK MAKE

5 7 9 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 23 24 25 26 28 29 30 32 33 34 40 42 47 49 51 52 53 54 56 58 59 60 61 62 64

MOVE PACK

PASS PAY PICK PIN PLAY PULL PUT READ RING ROLL RUN SEE SET SHOW SHUT SIGN SIT SPEAK STAND STAY STICK STOP STRIKE SWITCH TAKE TALK TEAR TELL THROW TRY TURN WAIT WALK WATCH WEAR WORK WRITE

67 69 70 71 72 73 74 76 77 78 79 80 81 82 83 84 85 86 87 88 89 91 92 93 94 98 100 101 102 104 105 108 109 110 111 112 113

114

116

115 117 118 119 120 121 122 123 124 125 126 127 128 129 130 131 132 133 134 135 136 137 138 139 140 141 142 143

ASK

after | around | for | in | out

ask after sb ask around ask for ask sb in ask sb out

inquire about sb’s health request information request sb or sth

pytać o czyjeś zdrowie, rozpytywać o kogoś popytać w celu zasięgnięcia informacji prosić (o kogoś lub o coś)

invite sb inside (eg. to dinner) invite sb to go out

zaprosić kogoś do środka (aby wszedł) zapraszać kogoś (np. na obiad do restauracji)

Jim asked after your mother. I’ll ask around where they sell organic food. Helen asked me for help. He has never asked me in. John often asks Mary out to dinner.

Jim pytał o twoją matkę. Popytam, gdzie sprzedają żywność ekologiczną. Helena prosiła mnie o pomoc. Nigdy mnie nie zaprosił do domu. John często zaprasza Mary na obiad do restauracji.

Your turn now! Replace the verb in bold with a suitable phrasal verb from the box above. 1. Jack invited Molly to dinner in a restaurant, but she refused, so he went with someone else. 2. I’ve never seen the inside of his flat. He never invites me into it. 3. The police were seeking information about you. What’s up? 4. There’s a man at the door. He wants to talk to you. Complete the sentences with the right preposition. 1. We spend every evening watching TV. Why don’t you ask me ______ tonight? 2. Jeffrey moved to a new flat but hasn’t asked us ______ to his new place yet. 3. He’s got what he deserves. He asked ______ it! 4. Molly was here. She was asking ______ you. Very kind of her, isn’t it? Translate the following sentences into English. Use suitable phrasal verbs. 1. Poprośmy twoich rodziców o pożyczkę. ______________________________________________ 2. Zaprośmy Wagnerów na kolację do restauracji. _________________________________________ 3. Popytaj o miejscową szkołę w tej wsi. ________________________________________________ 4. Jakiś podejrzany typ rozpytywał o ciebie. _____________________________________________

Answer Key 1.Jack asked Molly out to dinner, but she refused, so he went with someone else. 2.He never asks me in. 3.The police were asking after you. 4.He is asking for you. 1.out, 2.in, 3.for, 4.after; 1.Let’s ask your parents for a loan. 2.Let’s invite the Wagners out to supper. 3.Ask around the local school in that village. 4.A suspicious guy was asking after you.

BLOW

off | out | over | up

blow off (away) blow out blow over (down) blow over blow up

carry away by the wind extinguish fire by blowing fall because of the wind

zerwać (przez wiatr) zdmuchnąć, ugasić poprzewracać się na wietrze

pass, stop  destroy with an explosion  to start suddenly  inflate  make a photo bigger

przeminąć, ucichnąć, uspokoić się wysadzić (w powietrze), wybuchnąć zerwać się, wybuchnąć nadmuchać powiększyć zdjęcie

The storm was so fierce that the roof blew off. Jeff blew out all the candles on his birthday cake. The rubbish bins have blown over and plastic bags are scattered all over the lawns. Don’t worry, the storm will soon blow over. The terrorists blew up the railway station.

Burza była tak silna, że zerwało dach. Jeff zdmuchnął wszystkie świeczki na swoim urodzinowym torcie. Kosze na śmieci poprzewracały się na wietrze i plastikowe torby leżą porozrzucane na trawnikach. Nie martw się, burza wkrótce minie. Terroryści wysadzili dworzec kolejowy.

Your turn now! Replace the verb in bold with a suitable phrasal verb from the box above. 1. He had to inflate the mattress before he went to sleep. 2. The angry voices became quieter and the argument gradually stopped. 3. The fence surrounding our house fell down in the wind. 4. Can you make the photo a little bit bigger? 5. Her balloon got carried by the wind. Complete the sentences with the right preposition. 1. Little Johnny wasn’t able to blow ______ the three candles at one go. 2. Guy Fawkes wanted to blow ______ the Houses of Parliament. 3. The storm blew ______ in the afternoon. 4. Some pot plants on the balcony blew ______ in the gale and demolished a car parked in the street. 5. When we were in the middle of the lake, a gale blew ______ unexpectedly.

Answer Key 1.He had to blow up the mattress before he went to sleep. 2.The angry voices became quieter and the argument gradually blew over. 3.The fence surrounding our house blew over. 4.Can you blow up the photo a little bit? 5.Her balloon blew off (away). 1.out, 2.up, 3.up, 4.off (away), 5.up;

BREAK

away from | down | in/into

break away from break down

separate from wyłamać się, oddzielić, oderwać  stop working zepsuć się  lose control of one’s emotions stracić panowanie nad sobą, załamać się

break in/into break in

enter a place in order to steal interrupt

The cyclist broke away from the pack. His car broke down unexpectedly. Helen broke down and started to cry. Somebody broke into my car yesterday and stole my GPS. The waitress broke into our chat and took our order.

włamać się przerwać

Kolarz oderwał się od peletonu. Jego samochód popsuł się niespodziewanie. Helena załamała się i zaczęła płakać. Ktoś wczoraj włamał się do mojego samochodu i ukradł GPS. Kelnerka przerwała naszą pogawędkę i przyjęła zamówienie.

Your turn now! Choose the right preposition to complete the sentence. 1. Helen broke away/down and confessed everything. 2. The dog broke away/down from its lead. 3. The burglar broke down/in through the kitchen door. 4. When her computer broke away/down, she started to panic. 5. The boss broke down/in the talks to answer the phone. Join the broken sentences. 1. The lift has broken down 2. Somebody has broken into our flat 3. They decided to break away 4. On hearing the news

a) so we are going to call the police. b) and start a new party. c) so we have to walk up the stairs. d) she broke down and burst into tears.

Match the sentences with the pictures. a) He’s going to break into the car. b) His car has just broken down. 1

Answer Key 1.down, 2.away, 3.in, 4.down, 5.in;

1.c, 2.a, 3.b, 4.d;

1.b, 2.a;

BREAK break off break out

break up

off | out | up end a relationship  begin suddenly  escape from a place

zerwać z kimś wybuchnąć uciec (skądś)

 end a relationship  close a school for holidays

zerwać z kimś zamknąć szkołę na wakacje

Jack broke off with Mary when he got a job in Ireland. A fire broke out in the attic and spread quickly through the entire building. Their marriage finally broke up. Stella has broken up with her boyfriend. School breaks up on 23rd June.

Jack zerwał z Mary, gdy dostał pracę w Irlandii. Pożar wybuchł na strychu i szybko rozprzestrzenił się na cały budynek. Ich małżeństwo w końcu się rozpadło. Stella zerwała ze swoim chłopakiem. Wakacje szkolne zaczynają się 23 czerwca.

Your turn now! Replace the verbs in bold with a suitable phrasal verb from the box above. 1. World War II began on 1st September 1939. 2. When do schools in England close for summer holidays? 3. They argue a lot so I think they’re going to stop going out. 4. Did you hear? Tim and Anne decided to finish their relationship. 5. The thieves escaped from the prison on Sunday night. Choose the suitable preposition to complete the sentences. 1. A fierce argument broke ______ in my neighbours’ flat last night. a) off b) up c) out 2. Riots broke ______ in the streets of Belfast. b) out c) off a) up 3. The family managed to break ______ from the flooded area. a) out b) off c) in 4. The couple decided to break ______ after ten years of their relationship. a) down b) off c) in 5. When does school break ______ in your country? a) out b) up c) down

Answer Key 1.World War II broke out on 1st September 1939. 2.When do schools in England break up for summer holidays? 3.They argue a lot so I think they’re going to break up/off. 4.Tim and Anne decided to break up/off. 5.The thieves broke out from the prison on Sunday night. 1.c, 2.b, 3.a, 4.b, 5.b;

BRING

along | back | on

bring (sb/sth) along bring back

bring on (sth)

take (sb/sth) with you przyprowadzić (kogoś), przynieść (coś) cause memories or feelings przywoływać (wspomnienia) to return to your mind cause something (usually unpleasant)

powodować coś (zwykle coś niemiłego)

Come to my place and bring Anne along. This photo brings back memories of my childhood. His allergy brought on that attack.

Wpadnij do mnie i przyprowadź Annę. To zdjęcie przywołuje wspomnienia z mojego dzieciństwa. Jego alergia spowodowała ten atak.

Your turn now! Complete the sentences with a suitable preposition from the box below. along | back | on 1. Pop in tomorrow and don’t forget to bring your son ______. 2. The damp, chilly weather brought ______ his bronchitis. 3. European soldiers returning from Asian missions bring ______ antibiotic resistant bugs. 4. Is there a song that brings ______ memories from when you were a teenager? Match the broken sentences. 1. If I can’t get a babysitter for my daughter, 2. The shock of losing all his money 3. She got cold and wet in the rain 4. The documentary 5. The school reunion party

a) which must have brought on her illness. b) I’ll have to bring her along to work. c) brought back memories of my teenage years. d) brought on a stroke. e) brought back the drama of that time.

Translate into English. 1. Przynieś ze sobą niezbędne dokumenty. _____________________________________________ 2. Trzęsienie ziemi spowodowało wybuch epidemii. _______________________________________ 3. Jak radzić sobie ze stresem spowodowanym atakami terrorystycznymi? ______________________ 4. Żałował, że nie wziął ze sobą komórki. _______________________________________________

Answer Key 1.along, 2.on, 3.along, 4.back; 1.Bring along the necessary documents. 2.The earthquake brought on the 1.b, 2.d, 3.a, 4.e, 5.c; outbreak of epidemic. 3.How can we deal with stress brought on by terrorist attacks? 4.He wished he had brought along his mobile.

BRING

forward | round | up

bring forward

 change the date of an event so that it happens earlier  produce, present

bring (sb) round

bring up

make somebody conscious again  raise  mention, introduce a topic

The match has been brought forward from 7 p.m. to 5 p.m. A group of MPs decided to bring forward their plans of new bills. She fainted and we tried to bring her round. He is a single parent who brings up two children. The boss said the issue would be brought up at the next meeting.

przyśpieszyć pokazać, zaprezentować, przedłożyć cucić (kogoś), doprowadzać do przytomności wychowywać wspomnieć, poruszyć temat

Mecz odbędzie się wcześniej, o 17.00, zamiast o 19.00. Grupa posłów postanowiła przedłożyć plany nowych ustaw. Zemdlała i próbowaliśmy ją ocucić. On jest samotnym ojcem, który wychowuje dwoje dzieci. Szef powiedział, że temat będzie poruszony na następnym spotkaniu.

Your turn now! Match the broken sentences. 1. Mary brings up three children 2. The European Commission decided to bring forward 3. Peter is being transferred to Canada in June 4. They tried to bring her round

a) splashing water on her face. b) so they’ve brought forward their wedding a month. c) the subject of noise pollution soon. d) a single anti-discrimination directive.

5. They’re going to bring up

e) on her own.

Read the sentences and choose the most suitable reply. 1. She fainted when she heard the news! a) Oh dear! Did you manage to bring her round? b) Oh dear! Who brought her up? 2. It’s too late to have a party at midnight. a) Shall we bring it round then? b) Shall we bring it forward then? 3. I’m going to give a speech at the conference. a) Great! Are you going to bring up the issue of teaching grammar to young children? b) Great! Are you going to bring forward your speech?

Answer Key 1.e, 2.d, 3.b, 4.a, 5.c;

1.a, 2.b, 3.a;

CALL call back call off call on call up

back | off | on | up telephone sb in response cancel pay a short visit

oddzwonić odwołać wpaść (do kogoś)

telephone sb

zadzwonić do kogoś

I must call him back as soon as I have a spare minute. The flight has been called off due to the fog. As we were in London, we called on my cousin. I’ll call you up as soon as I know the results.

Muszę do niego oddzwonić, jak tylko będę mieć wolną chwilę. Lot został odwołany z powodu mgły. Gdy byliśmy w Londynie, wpadliśmy do mojego kuzyna. Zadzwonię do ciebie, jak tylko będę znał wyniki.

Your turn now! Do the crossword. Across  1. cancel 2. telephone somebody Down  1. return a phone call 2. pay a short visit

Complete the sentences with the right preposition. 1. Mrs Smith will call you ______ as soon as she is free. 2. The game was called ______ because of the torrential rain. 3. Shall we call ______ your brother when we are in London? 4. I would have called you ______ if I knew your phone number. Translate into English. 1. Oddzwonię do pani, gdy przemyślę sprawę. ___________________________________________ 2. Wpadnij do mnie, gdy będziesz w Warszawie. __________________________________________ 3. Musieliśmy odwołać imprezę. ______________________________________________________ 4. Zadzwoń do mnie po egzaminie. ___________________________________________________

Answer Key Across: 1.call off, 2.call up; Down: 1.call back, 2.call on; 1.I’ll call you back when I have thought the matter 1.back, 2.off, 3.on, 4.up; over. 2.Call on me when you are in Warsaw. 3.We had to call off the event. 4.Call me up when the exam is over.

CARRY

off | on | out | through

carry off

 succeed in doing sth  win a prize  cause death, die of a disease  remove from a place

carry on carry out

continue do (a task) carry through succeed in putting sth into practice Ralph carried off the project perfectly. Jenny carried off most of the awards. Yellow fever carried him off two years ago. After a short break, the teacher carried on his lecture. Some urgent repairs of the roads are being carried out at the moment. The government carried the tax reforms through despite difficulties.

dać radę coś zrobić, poradzić sobie zdobyć nagrodę spowodować śmierć, umrzeć wynieść kontynuować dokonywać, prowadzić, realizować (zadanie) wprowadzić

Ralf doskonale poradził sobie z tym projektem. Jenny zdobyła większość nagród. Żółta febra zabrała go dwa lata temu. Po krótkiej przerwie nauczyciel kontynuował wykład. Obecnie prowadzone są na drogach pilne prace naprawcze. Pomimo trudności rząd wprowadził reformy podatkowe.

Your turn now! Complete the sentences with a suitable preposition. 1. She carried ______ the first prize in the competition. 2. He looked confused for a while but managed to carry ______ his speech. 3. We’ll need a qualified and experienced engineer to carry ______ the project. 4. They are planning to carry ______ a survey nationwide. Match the broken sentences. 1. They managed to carry the project through

a) the Oscar for best actor this year?

2. It seems she has too many duties 3. Who will carry off 4. The troops

b) despite difficulties. c) to carry out. d) carried out the mission successfully.

Complete the tongue-twister (caption) next to the picture with the right preposition. “It wasn’t the cough that carried him ______, it was the coffin they carried him ______ in.”

Answer Key 1.off, 2.on, 3.through, 4.out;

1.b, 2.c, 3.a, 4.d;

off, off;

CATCH catch on

catch out

on | out | up with  understand and learn  become popular discover sb doing sth wrong or making an error

załapać, zrozumieć, połapać się przyjąć się, stać się popularnym przyłapać kogoś na czymś

catch up with  become even with someone dorównać, dogonić  learn something that many people zrozumieć, załapać already understand Everybody knew what was going on, Każdy wiedział co się dzieje, ale Harry potrzebował but it took Harry ages to catch on. więcej czasu, aby się połapać. Chinese herbs are catching on in the US. Chińskie ziółka stają się popularne w Stanach. Fingerprint checking helps catch out Sprawdzanie odcisków palców pomaga złapać repeat offenders. notorycznych przestępców. Mark is finally catching up with his Mark nareszcie dorównuje swojemu older brother. starszemu bratu. My grandmother is trying to catch up with Moja babcia próbuje załapać, o co chodzi the Internet. z internetem.

Your turn now! Choose the right sentence that has a similar meaning. 1. Mark has to work hard to catch up with the rest of the class. a) Mark is a weaker student than the rest of the class. b) Mark has worked hard and now he is the best student in his class. 2. I must catch up with (on) my work. a) I don’t need to work faster. b) I am late with my work. 3. They caught him out when they phoned his previous employer. a) They discovered that he was lying. b) They found him a reliable person. 4. Organic food has caught on as consumers are now more health-conscious. a) Organic food is becoming more and more popular. b) Organic food is hardly available on the market. Translate into English. 1. Przyłapałem go na kłamstwie. ______________________________________________________ 2. W końcu zrozumiał reguły gry. _____________________________________________________ 3. Opuściłem kilka lekcji i muszę teraz nadgonić z materiałem. ________________________________ Answer Key 1.a, 2.b, 3.a, 4.a; 1.I’ve caught him out lying. 2.Eventually/Finally, he caught on to the rules of the game. 3.I missed some lessons and now I must catch up with the material.

CHECK

in | off | out | up on

check in check sth off

arrive (e.g. at the hotel) make sure a name or an item is on the list, tick off, verify

zameldować się, zgłosić się do odprawy sprawdzić na liście, odhaczyć, zweryfikować

check out check up on

pay the bill and leave find information about sb

wymeldować się (z hotelu) sprawdzić (osobę, firmę); zajrzeć, upewnić się, że wszystko w porządku

When you get there, check in at the reception. I’ll check your name off on the list. Remember to check out before 11 a.m. Can you check up on the baby while you’re upstairs?

Gdy tam dotrzesz, zamelduj się na recepcji. Odhaczę twoje nazwisko na liście. Pamiętaj, żeby się wymeldować przed 11-tą. Czy możesz zajrzeć do dziecka, gdy będziesz na górze?

Your turn now! Choose the right preposition to complete the sentences. 1. It’s time to check ______ on dental health. 2. Before going on holiday, check ______ your to-do list. 3. If you don’t check ______ before 11, you will have to pay for another night. 4. What time should you be at the airport to check ______? Complete the sentences with suitable phrasal verbs. 1. How to ____________ (sprawdzić) a Life Insurance Company? 2. I went to the hotel to meet Jeff but he had already ____________ (wymeldował się) . 3. I’ll ____________ (sprawdzę) Lisa right away and tell you what she is doing. 4. Go to the reception and ____________ (zamelduj nas) while I park the car. Translate the following sentences into English using suitable phrasal verbs. 1. Musisz zgłosić się do odprawy co najmniej dwie godziny przed odlotem. _____________________________________________________________________________ 2. Czy sprawdzasz imprezy, na które chodzą twoje nastoletnie dzieci? _____________________________________________________________________________ 3. Proszę odhaczyć każde nazwisko na liście. _____________________________________________________________________________ 4. Thomsonowie wymeldowali się dziś rano i pojechali do Francji. _____________________________________________________________________________

Answer Key 1.You have to check in at least two hours before your 1.up, 2.off, 3.out, 4.in; 1.check up on, 2.checked out, 3.check up on, 4.check in; flight. 2.Do you check up on the parties your teenage children go to? 3.Please check off each name on the list. 4.The Thomsons checked out this morning and left for France.

CHOP chop down chop off chop up

down | off | up cut a tree with an axe cut sth off with scissors or a knife cut into small pieces or cubes

Six 200-year-old oak trees are to be chopped down in West Hunsbury. This photo is too big for the frame so I’ll probably chop off the bottom of it. Skin the tomatoes and chop them up.

ściąć drzewo odciąć, odrąbać siekać, kroić Sześć dwustuletnich dębów zostanie ściętych w West Hunsbury. To zdjęcie jest za duże do tej ramki, więc chyba odetnę dół. Obierz pomidory ze skórki i pokrój je na kawałki.

Your turn now! Complete the sentences with a suitable preposition. 1. Peel the potatoes and chop them ______, will you? 2. His finger was chopped ______ in the accident. 3. Some organizations try to protect the Amazon and prevent deforestation by paying locals not to chop ______ trees. 4. The forest has been depleted as the villagers have chopped ______ most of the trees for fuel. Match the questions with the replies. 1. What shall I do with those diseased trees? 2. This branch is too long. What shall I do with it? 3. What shall I do with this onion? 4. I hate these long trousers. 5. My eyes are watering when I chop up onions.

a) Chop it up finely and use for your salad. b) Wear goggles and a mask then! c) Tell your husband to chop them down. d) Why don’t you chop it off? e) Why don’t you chop them off at the knee to make Bermuda shorts?

Choose the right caption for the picture. A. I’m going to chop down this tree! B. I’m going to have a barbecue under this tree!

Answer Key 1.up, 2.off, 3.down, 4.down;

1.c, 2.d, 3.a, 4.e, 5.b;

CLEAN

down | out | up

clean down clean out

wyczyścić coś porządnie, wytrzeć, wyszorować wysprzątać

clean and wash sth clean sth and remove everything that is not wanted

clean up

make tidy

sprzątnąć

The new plastic table is easy to clean down after each meal. We spent the whole day cleaning out the cellar. We can go out as soon as I’ve cleaned up the kitchen.

Ten nowy plastikowy stolik jest łatwy do wyczyszczenia po każdym posiłku. Spędziliśmy cały dzień sprzątając piwnicę. Możemy wyjść, jak tylko sprzątnę kuchnię.

Your turn now! Re-arrange the words in the right order to make proper sentences. 1. I cleaning cupboard these photos when found I was out the in my bedroom. _____________________________________________________________________________ 2. Make properly down the surface of the sure table is cleaned and wiped over. _____________________________________________________________________________ 3. The cleaned pictures of the frames have been and repainted down. _____________________________________________________________________________ Do the crossword. Across  1. You should ____ down the surface before you paint it. 2. When you have ____ out the attic, you’ll have a spare bedroom. 4. It’s your turn ____ clean up the kitchen. 5. I’m ____ to clean up the bathroom. Down  1. I found these books when I was ____ out the cupboard. 3. I had to clean ____ the rack because it got rusty.

3 4

Answer Key 1.I found these photos when I was cleaning out the cupboard in my bedroom. 2.Make sure the surface of the table is cleaned down and wiped over properly. 3.The frames of the pictures have been cleaned down and repainted. Across: 1.clean, 2.cleaned, 4.to, 5.going; Down: 1.cleaning, 3.down;

CLEAR clear away

away | out | up  remove things that are not wanted anymore (like dishes from the table)  pass  leave a place

clear out

 remove unwanted things  leave somewhere clear up  tidy things (and put them away)  improve

usunąć (np. talerze), posprzątać ze stołu przeminąć, ustąpić odejść opróżnić, zabrać niepotrzebne rzeczy, wysprzątać odejść, wynieść się uporządkować, posprzątać polepszyć (się)

Notice that clear away and clear out sometimes have similar meanings: remove things or go away from a place.

After dinner she cleared away the dishes. We had to wait until the fog cleared away. We were told to clear away from the scene of the accident. I cleared out my wardrobe and threw away worn out clothes. Soldiers told them to clear out immediately. They packed their things and cleared up the mess. The argument didn’t last long and things were clearing up.

Po obiedzie sprzątnęła naczynia ze stołu. Musieliśmy czekać, aż mgła ustąpi. Powiedziano nam, abyśmy usunęli się z miejsca wypadku. Wysprzątałam szafę i wyrzuciłam zniszczone ubrania. Żołnierze kazali im natychmiast się wynieść. Spakowali swoje rzeczy i uporządkowali miejsce. Kłótnia nie trwała długo i sprawy szły ku lepszemu.

Your turn now! Replace the part of the sentence in bold with the suitable phrasal verb and write it on the right. 1. Just sit down, I’ll take the dishes to the kitchen. ____________ 2. Students must empty their lockers by the end of term. 3. Remember to remove snow from roofs and balconies.

____________ ____________

Decide which sentence has a similar meaning to the one above. 1. Please clear away your toys so I can a) The toys are scattered all over the carpet. vacuum the carpet. b) The toys are dirty and dusty. 2. The fog gradually cleared away. a) The weather is good. b) It is foggy and rainy. 3. All rental lockers must be cleared out a) The lockers must be emptied before 1st June. by 1st June. b) The lockers must be removed by 1st June. 4. Eventually, the weather cleared up. a) The weather worsened. b) The weather improved. Answer Key 1.Just sit down, I’ll clear away. 2.Students must clear out their lockers by the end of term. 3.Remember to clear away snow from roofs and balconies. 1.a, 2.a, 3.a, 4.b;

CLOSE close down close off close up

down | off | up stop operating prevent people from entering  stop operating/doing business  lock the door

They are planning to close down the factory. The police have closed off the area. All the shops in the town closed up for the weekend. Don’t forget to close up the door.

zlikwidować, zamykać zamykać zamykać zamykać drzwi Planują zamknąć fabrykę. Policja zamknęła teren. Wszystkie sklepy w mieście zamknięto na weekend. Nie zapomnij zamknąć drzwi na klucz.

Notice that close, close down and close up have similar meanings: stop operating.

Your turn now! Put the words in the right order to make proper sentences. 1. Police cafe down illegal closed internet have an. ________________________________________ 2. Some 2005 have up shops music closed since local. _____________________________________ 3. The falling Council Parks caused many walking have on off to by the closed due Green Hill the danger tracks trees staff. _______________________________________________________________ Do the crossword. Across  1. The authorities have closed ____ many charity organizations. 2. Most companies closed down because they weren’t ____ to withstand competition. 4. Police in Coventry have closed off part of the road following the discovery of a WWII ____. 5. Officials have ____ off beaches in Brighton due to water pollution. 5 Down  1. In the first six months of this year, several shops closed down ____ to the economic crisis. 3. Remember to close up the doors and windows ____ you leave. 6. Police units have closed ____ all roads leading to the area.

Answer Key 1.Police have closed down an illegal internet cafe. 2.Some local music shops have closed up since 2005. 3.Council Parks staff have closed off the walking tracks on Green Hill due to the danger caused by many falling trees. Across: 1.down, 2.able, 4.bomb, 5.closed; Down: 1.due, 3.before, 6.off;

COME

across | at | by

come across come at come by

find sth/sb by accident make a threatening move towards sb  visit  get, obtain, acquire

While I was cleaning the attic, I came across these old photos. Suddenly a bear came at us but luckily we managed to escape. I’ll come by after work and see if you neeed anything. How did you come by that old typewriter?

natknąć się na kogoś/coś iść/ruszyć na kogoś, atakować kogoś wpaść (do kogoś) dostać, wejść w posiadanie

Gdy sprzątałam na strychu, natknęłam się na te stare zdjęcia. Nagle niedźwiedź ruszył na nas, ale na szczęście udało nam się uciec. Wpadnę po pracy i zobaczę, czy czegoś nie potrzebujesz. Jak weszłaś w posiadanie tej starej maszyny do pisania?

Your turn now! Match the pictures with the sentences. There are more sentences than you need. 1

a. Good jobs are hard to come by these days. b. She came by this afternoon just for a chat. c. He came at me and wanted my wallet. d. I came across my old teacher when I was shopping in the supermarket. Replace the verbs in the sentences with a suitable phrasal verb from the box above. 1. He claims he’s ____________ (got) his collection of paintings from his grandfather. 2. My daugher ____________ (found by chance) my old school reports when she was clearing out a cupboard in the attic. 3. Meat contains many important nutrients that are hard to ____________ (obtain) from other sources. 4. I have ____________ (acquired) this information from their website, so it must be true.

Answer Key 1.a, 2.c, 3.d;

1.come by, 2.came across, 3.come by, 4.come by;

COME

down with | into | off

come down with

rozchorować się, dostać (+ nazwa choroby) odziedziczyć

come off  fall off sth  leave sth (e.g. a plane)  succeed, happen as planned  stop taking (medicine or drugs)

spaść z czegoś zejść, wyjść (np. z samolotu) dziać się, odbywać zgodnie z planem zaprzestać brania (lekarstw lub narkotyków)

become ill come into inherit

Lucy has come down with pneumonia and is taking antibiotics. Mark came into a large fortune when his childless American uncle died. Mary came off her new bike and broke her arm. David came off Mt. Everest due to bad weather conditions. Did the show come off all right? Martha came off those painkillers eventually.

Lucy dostała zapalenia płuc i bierze antybiotyki. Mark odziedziczył wielki majątek, gdy zmarł jego bezdzietny wujek z Ameryki. Mary spadła z roweru i złamała rękę. David zszedł z Mount Everest z powodu trudnych warunków pogodowych. Czy przedstawienie się udało? Marta w końcu przestała brać środki przeciwbólowe.

Your turn now! Replace the verbs in italics with a suitable phrasal verb from the box above. 1. She ____________ (fell off) her horse and hurt her knee. 2. The performances ____________ (went) wonderfully due to our numerous rehearsals. 3. After the treatment, he managed to ____________ (stop taking) those drugs. 4. Daisy ____________ (got) a fortune on her 18th birthday, according to her grandpa’s last will. Read these remarks by different people and then decide whether the statements below are true (√) or false (x). Alice: I’ve come down with flu. John: I came into these books after my grandfather’s death. Mary: The party didn’t quite come off, as not all the people we’d invited arrived. Tim: I nearly fell down when I was coming off the plane.

1. Alice said she was suffering from flu. 2. John’s grandfather didn’t leave him anything in his will. 3. Mary thinks the party was good. 4. Tim didn’t fall down when he was leaving the plane. Answer Key 1. came off, 2.come off, 3.come off, 4.come into;

1.true, 2.false, 3.false, 4.true;

True

False

COME

out | out in | round

come out  leave a room or a building  reveal, say publicly (e.g. that you are gay)  be published, appear, to become known

wyjść ujawnić, wyjść na jaw, powiedzieć publicznie (np. że jest się homoseksualistą) być opublikowanym, ukazać się,

zniknąć, zejść (o plamie) dostać wysypki

 disappear (of a stain) (e.g. a rash) be covered in spots due to allergy or illness come round  visit sb  become conscious

come out in

The truth came out during the interrogation. Her latest book has just come out. The stain will come out when you soak your blouse for about 20 minutes in this liquid. I came out in a rash after I ate some nuts. I have a lot of work to do so I can’t come out with you today. Don’t phone, just come round. I have a home-made cake. We sprinkled cold water over his face and then he came round.

odwiedzić kogoś, wpaść do kogoś odzyskać przytomność (również: come to)

Podczas przesłuchania, prawda wyszła na jaw. Właśnie ukazała się jej ostatnia książka. Ta plama zejdzie, gdy namoczysz na 20 minut bluzkę w tym płynie. Po zjedzeniu orzechów dostałem wysypki. Mam masę pracy, więc nie mogę dziś wyjść. Nie dzwoń, po prostu wpadnij. Mam domowe ciasto. Spryskaliśmy mu twarz zimną wodą i wtedy odzyskał przytomność.

Your turn now! Choose the right preposition to complete the sentences. 1. Everything will come ______ in court. 2. She came ______ to her parents and of course they were shocked. 3. He came ______ soon after he got the injection. Match the questions with the answers. 1. When do you expect your poem to be published? 2. When was the secret revealed? 3. When will the exam results be known? 4. Are you allergic to something? 5. Has anybody been here?

a. Jenny came round for a cup of coffee. b. I came out in a rash after I applied this lotion. c. It should come out next month. d. They should come out next Monday. e. It came out during the wedding party.

Answer Key 1.out, 2.out, 3.round;

1.c, 2.e, 3.d, 4.b, 5.a;

COME

through | up | up with

come through

 survive  arrive (a message), become known come up  mention  approach, come nearer

przetrwać, przeżyć, przeprawiać się przyjść (wiadomość), ogłosić poruszyć (problem, kwestia), wspomnieć (coś), pojawić się, paść podejść (bliżej)

come up with suggest sth

zasugerować coś, wyjść z jakimś pomysłem, wymyślić coś

Most of the soldiers came through the battle unharmed. The question of where to go on holiday has never come up. A stranger came up to us and began to sing. During our last meeting Mike came up with a very clever idea.

Większość żołnierzy przetrwała bitwę bez ran. Sprawa, gdzie pojechać na urlop nigdy się nie pojawiła./Nigdy nie zastanawialiśmy się, dokąd pojechać na urlop. Nieznajomy podszedł do nas i zaczął śpiewać. Podczas naszego ostatniego spotkania Mike wyszedł z bardzo sprytnym pomysłem.

Your turn now! Complete the sentences with a suitable preposition. 1. A terraced house in my street came ______ for sale last week. 2. Unexpectedly, Jeff came ______ a great idea. 3. Our house came ______ the flood without much damage. 4. The exam results have just come ______. Join the broken sentences. 1. The minister came up with an interesting suggestion a) the fighting unharmed. 2. Something urgent has come up at work b) breaking the locks. 3. Most of the soldiers came through c) how to solve the problem of school uniforms. 4. The thief came up and started d) so I’ll be late for dinner tonight. Translate into English using suitable phrasal verbs. 1. Faks przyszedł w piątek o 9.00. _____________________________________________________ 2. Adam wystąpił z pomysłem zorganizowania konkursu. ___________________________________ 3. Przetrwaliśmy najcięższy okres. ____________________________________________________ 4. Podczas rozmowy kwalifikacyjnej mogą paść tego typu pytania. ____________________________ 5. Sprawa twojej podwyżki nie była poruszona. __________________________________________ Answer Key 1.The fax came through on Friday at 9.00. 2.Adam came up with an idea of 1.up, 2.up with, 3.through, 4.through; 1.c, 2.d, 3.a, 4.b; organizing a competition. 3.We came through the most difficult time. 4.This type of question may come up during the interview. 5.The issue of your pay-rise hasn’t come up.

COUNT count down count in count on

down | in | on wait, count backwards include expect

czekać, odliczać wliczać, przyłączać się liczyć na

We have begun counting down to the end of the school year.

Zaczęliśmy odliczać dni do końca roku szkolnego.

We’re organizing a party; can we count you in? We’re counting on you!

Organizujemy imprezę; przyłączysz się? Liczymy na ciebie!

Your turn now! Complete the sentences with a suitable preposition. 1. Don’t count ______ him, he’ll refuse to help. 2. Sure, count me ______. I’ll be happy to go with you. 3. Everybody started to count ______ to the New Year. 4. We’re counting ______ the days till the end of the exams. Do the crossword. Across  2. They can no longer count ____ her to look after their dog while they’re away. 4. If I were you, I ____ count on her help. 5. She ____ always count on her mother for support. 7. Let’s count ____ the ratings from 20 to number 1. Down  1. Let’s ____ down the days till we say farewell to this place. 2. Do you think the ____ person you can count on best is yourself? 3. The coach has ____ him in for the next match. 6. She told me to count her ____ for the tour.

2 3 4

6 7

Answer Key 1.on, 2.in, 3.down, 4.down;

Across: 2.on, 4.wouldn’t, 5.can, 7.down; Down: 1.count, 2.only, 3.counted, 6.in;

CUT

back | down | off | out

cut back (on) cut down

cut off

cut out

reduce  chop down  reduce, use less  kill

zmniejszać, redukować, ograniczać ścinać zmniejszać, redukować, ograniczać zabić, zastrzelić

 disconnect  remove  cut sth from a magazine  fit (by nature)  desist, stop doing sth, exclude

odłączyć odciąć, odkroić wyciąć coś z czasopisma nadawać się (z natury) wyciąć, zaprzestać, wykluczyć

Change your cooking style and cut back on meat. They are going to cut down all the trees in the street. Doctors told her to cut down on the amount of sweets she ate. Many soldiers were cut down during the battle. The Internet has been cut off because we didn’t pay the bill. She cut off a big piece of meat. I’ve cut some pictures out from a magazine to use them in class with my students. I’m not cut out to be a doctor. I must cut out salt from my diet.

Zmień swój styl gotowania i ogranicz mięso. Wytną wszystkie drzewa na ulicy. Lekarze kazali jej ograniczyć ilość słodyczy. Wielu żołnierzy zostało zabitych podczas bitwy. Internet został odłączony, ponieważ nie zapłaciliśmy rachunku. Odkroiła duży kawałek mięsa. Wycięłam kilka ilustracji z czasopisma, aby użyć ich na lekcji. Nie nadaję się na lekarza. Muszę wyeliminować sól z mojej diety.

Your turn now! Complete the sentences with a suitable preposition. 1. I’m trying to cut ______ on the amount of coffee I drink during the day. 2. He is cut ______ to be an actor. 3. Let’s cut ______ the bushes in front of the terrace to have a better view over the garden.. 4. The telephone operator has cut us ______ so we can’t make any calls for the time being. Translate into English using the phrasal verbs given above. 1. Powinieneś ograniczyć palenie. ____________________________________________________ 2. Odetnij rękawy od tej bluzki. ______________________________________________________ 3. Wyeliminuj czekoladę ze swojej diety. _______________________________________________ 4. Odcięto nam prąd. ______________________________________________________________ Answer Key 1.down/back, 2.out, 3.down, 4.off; 1.You should cut down/back on smoking. 2.Cut off the sleeves of this blouse. 3.Cut out chocolate from your diet 4.We’ve been cut off from the electricity supply./The electricity supply has been cut off.

DIE

away | down | off | out

die away die down die off die out

gradually disappear, cease become quieter, less strong or less violent become extinct, die in a short period of time

wyginąć, ustać, ucichnąć wygasnąć, uspokoić się, przycichnąć wyginąć, wymrzeć, uschnąć

become extinct, disappear

wyginąć, wymrzeć, zaprzestać

When the applause died away, he started to sing. When all the fuss dies down, I’ll try to talk to him. The eagle may die off if we ruin their habitats. Some scientists claim that dinosaurs died out when a comet hit the Earth and the climate changed.

Gdy ucichły oklaski, zaczął śpiewać. Kiedy to całe zamieszanie się uspokoi, spróbuję z nim porozmawiać. Orły mogą wyginąć, jeśli będziemy niszczyć ich środowisko. Niektórzy naukowcy twierdzą, że dinozaury wymarły, gdy kometa uderzyła w Ziemię i nastąpiła zmiana klimatu.

Your turn now! Join the broken sentences. 1. Her scream gradually died away 2. The rumours will soon die down 3. The wind slowly died away 4. The interest gradually died down 5. Most of the elm trees in the area died off

a) and it began to snow. b) when Dutch elm disease arrived. c) so don’t worry about your reputation. d) and there was silence again. e) after it had been on the front pages for a few days.

Do the crossword. Across  2. Many Indian communities are ____ out. 5. Many traditions have died out ____ the last 60 years. 6. The panda is in ____ of dying out. 7. The rain is expected ____ die out overnight. 8. The flowers have died ____ and the lawn looks sad. 10. You should leave for a while ____ the fuss dies down. Down  1. Why does the wind usually ____ down at night? 2. The wind has ____ down at last. 3. The sound of his footsteps ____ died away. 4. Let’s wait for the laughter to die ____. 9 7. I drive at night when the ____ dies away. 10 9. Unfortunately, this tradition died ____ before WW II.

1 2

6 7

Answer Key 1.d, 2.c, 3.a, 4.e, 5.b;

Across: 2.dying, 5.during, 6.danger, 7.to, 8.away, 10.until; Down: 1.die, 2.died, 3.gradually, 4.down, 7.traffic, 9.out;

away with | in | out

do away with

do sb in

do out

 eliminate, abolish, get rid of  kill sb  kill sb  exhaust, make tired, ruin

pozbyć się, skończyć z czymś, znieść coś skończyć z kimś, zabić zabić wykończyć, zmęczyć, zrujnować

 clean  decorate (e.g. a room)

sprzątać udekorować (np. pokój), urządzić

The death penalty has been done away with in many countries. People think he’s done away with his wife. Working long hours really did me in. Somebody did him in to get his money. I’ll do out the kitchen while you go shopping. The room was beautifully done out in country-house style.

Kara śmierci została zniesiona w wielu krajach. Ludzie myślą, że on zabił swoją żonę. Praca do późnych godzin naprawdę mnie wykończyła. Ktoś go zabił dla jego pieniądzy. Posprzątam kuchnię, kiedy ty pójdziesz na zakupy. Pokój był pięknie urządzony w wiejskim stylu.

Your turn now! Which of the sentences has the closest meaning to the one above? 1. I’m going to do out the bathroom with blue tiles. a) I’m going to clean the tiles in the bathroom. b) I’m going to have new tiles put in the bathroom. 2. They should do away with all that paperwork and red tape in this country. a) There is too much bureaucracy in this country. b) People need more time to fill the forms and questionnaires. 3. Most parents think schools should do away with long summer breaks. a) Most parents are against long summer school breaks. b) Most parents are for long summer school breaks. Complete the sentences with a suitable preposition. 1. Huge losses on the stock market did many investors ______. 2. My cat ate a whole bar of chocolate and I was terrified that it would do him ______. 3. Before I moved to Glasgow, I had to do ______ with all the stuff I wasn’t going to take along. 4. Computerization made it possible to do away ______ a lot of paperwork. 5. I’ll do ______ the balcony in the meantime.

Answer Key 1.b, 2.a, 3.a;

1.in, 2.in, 3.away, 4.with, 5. out;

over | up | without

do over

 do sth again  steal things from a place  fasten  repair or redecorate sth

zrobić ponownie, przerobić obrabować, „zrobić” zapiąć (guziki, zamek błyskawiczny) naprawić, odnowić

do without

manage (without)

poradzić sobie (bez), obejść się

do up

The composition was full of mistakes and he had to do it over. When I opened the door I immediately noticed that the flat had been done over. Do up your shirt. We had to do up the flat before we could move in. She can’t do without TV.

Wypracowanie było pełne błędów, więc musiał napisać je jeszcze raz. Gdy otworzyłam drzwi, od razu zauważyłam, że mieszkanie zostało obrabowane. Zapnij koszulę. Musieliśmy wyremontować mieszkanie, zanim mogliśmy się wprowadzić. Ona nie może obejść się bez telewizji.

Your turn now! Join the broken sentences. 1. Can you do without milk and cheese 2. The teacher told him his assignment was very poor 3. I wonder how they will do without their grandparents’ help 4. The flat was so ruined

a) because they have relied on it for so long. b) and still have strong bones? c) and he had to do it over. d) that I had to do up all the rooms.

Complete the sentences with a suitable preposition. 1. As there was no Internet cafe in the village, we had to do ______ the Internet for three weeks. 2. I spent the whole summer doing ______ the flat and it looks quite cosy now. 3. Do ______ your shoelaces before you fall down. 4. Soon after they had left for work, their place was done ______ and their computer got stolen. Translate into English using suitable phrasal verbs. 1. Przerób ten artykuł, żeby był krótszy. ________________________________________________ 2. Nie mogę zapiąć zamka w spodniach. ________________________________________________ 3. Musieliśmy obejść się bez kolacji. ___________________________________________________ 4. Napraw zlew, dobrze? ___________________________________________________________

Answer Key 1.b, 2.c, 3.a, 4.d; 1.without, 2.up, 3.up, 4.over; do without supper. 4.Do the sink up, will you?

1.Do this article over so it is shorter. 2.I can’t do the zip up in my trousers. 3.We had to

DROP drop in drop off

in | off | out  visit sb informally  fall asleep  become less or smaller  drive sb to a place

wpaść do kogoś zasnąć, przysnąć zmniejszyć się podrzucić kogoś, podwieźć

drop out stop belonging to a group, stop attending a school Why don’t you drop in when you are in Warsaw? She was so tired that she dropped off to sleep on the sofa. Attendance at the classes dropped off significantly when the weather improved. I’ll drop you off at the airport. Paul has dropped out of school.

odpaść, rzucić

Może byś wpadł, kiedy będziesz w Warszawie? Była tak zmęczona, że zasnęła na kanapie. Frekwencja na lekcjach zmniejszyła się znacznie, gdy pogoda się poprawiła. Podrzucę cię na lotnisko. Paul rzucił szkołę.

Your turn now! Join the broken sentences. 1. Drop in to see us 2. Temperatures will drop off quickly 3. Jack dropped out from school 4. He dropped her off at the supermarket 5. She just dropped in Do the crossword. Across  1. I’ll drop you ____ at the bus stop. 2. I dropped off and ____ hear anything. 4. Will you ____ the children off at school? 5. Drop ____ to see us some time. Down  1. Steve dropped ____ of college. 2. I heard a shot when I was ____ off. 3. Adam finally ____ off to sleep around midnight.

a) because he found it boring. b) and went to work. c) to say hello. d) when it starts to rain. e) next time you are in Lublin.

Answer Key 1.e, 2.d, 3.a, 4.b, 5.c;

Across: 1.off, 2.didn’t, 4.drop, 5.in; Down: 1.out, 2.dropping, 3.dropped;

EAT

in | out | up

eat in eat out eat up

have a meal at home have a meal in a restaurant eat all the food

jeść w domu jeść na mieście, w restauracji zjeść

I don’t want to eat in tonight.

Nie chcę jeść w domu dziś wieczorem.

We didn’t have time to cook at home so we decided to eat out. He has eaten up all the pasta.

Nie mieliśmy czasu, aby coś ugotować w domu, więc postanowiliśmy zjeść coś na mieście. Zjadł cały makaron.

Your turn now! Match the sentences with the pictures. 1

a) They often eat out because they can’t cook. b) They eat in as it is cheaper than eating in restaurants. c) They have just eaten up the cake. Choose the suitable preposition to complete the sentences. 1. If we ever eat ______, we always go to an Indian restaurant. 2. Eat ______ all your vegetables; they’re good for you. 3. I’ve cooked something delicious so we’ll eat ______ tonight. 4. Somebody has eaten ______ all the apples; there aren’t any left, sorry. Choose the sentence which has the closest meaning. 1. Hurry up, Jeff! Eat up your lunch and off we go. 2. I find eating out more exciting than eating at home. 3. It’s ages since I have eaten out. Thank you for inviting me.

a) As soon as Jeff finishes his lunch, they will go out. b) Jeff is eating his lunch very quickly. a) This person prefers to cook at home. b) This person prefers to go to the restaurant. a) This person seldom eats in the restaurant. b) This person often goes to the restaurant.

Answer Key 1.a, 2.c, 3.b;

1out, 2.up, 3.in, 4.up;

1.a, 2.b,3.a;