Resilient Vejle by Lars Dyve Jørgensen

RESILIENT VEJLE Group 7 MSc01 Urban Design Aalborg Universitet

TITLE PAGE Urban Transformation and Sustainable Engineering Techniques Architecture & Design, Aalborg University Group 7 MSc01 Urban Design Theme: Resilient Vejle Time period: October 14th 2016 - January 23th 2017 Submission date: January 11th 2017 Pages: 94 Appendix pages: 21 Supervisor: Lea Holst Laursen Technical supervisor: Michael Robdrup Rasmussen

Anne-Sofie Sørensen

Eline Øyri

Kent Olav Hovstein Nordby

Lars Dyve Jørgensen

Line Østerkjærhus

ABSTRACT Many cities in the world are built in coastal near areas. Climatic changes make these cities vulnerable, and a need for transformation and adaptation of the built urban environment is imminent. Denmark is no exception, and the city of Vejle one of most vulnerable. Founded on a ford and at the head of the Vejle fjord, the city experiences more frequent problems in relations to water. Combined with this, the municipality of Vejle is one of most rapidly growing in the whole of Denmark. The city needs to not only adapt to the pressing climatic challenges, but also population growth. The municipality of Vejle seeks to find design solutions for handling water intelligently to secure its assets.

This project supplies a design solution to protect against storm surges. Resilient Vejle is a protective system on the harbour front of Vejle. The system consists of multiple interlinked designs all contributing to a resilient city that secures a future growth. The design investigates a new form for urbanism, adapted to water which contributing keep the city dry. Resilient Vejle redesigns the harbour front, making it an accessible public realm for the whole city â&#x20AC;&#x201C; setting into motion long-term changes to the urban fabric leading towards an adapted city in decades to come.

READING GUIDE This project is divided into six chapters; introduction, theoretical framework, analytic framework, design concept, presentation and evaluation. Each part contains relevant text, pictures, diagrams in order to reveal thoughts and ideas. The booklet is chronologically organized, and accompanied by an appendix and a masterplan in the scale 1:2000. The overall structure of the booklet represents the development of the project. The first chapter contains an introduction of the project site and challenges followed by the problem statement. The theoretical framework contains the relevant theories

related to the challenges and problem statement described in the introduction part. The following chapter, the analytical framework, incorporates these theories and challenges into context, and explores the environment and conditions in and around the project site. The design concept reveals the fundamental strategies and concepts based on the analytic and theoretical framework, through diagrams and text. In the presentation chapter the design proposal is presented with renders, plans and sections. The last chapter, evaluation, contains conclusion, reflection and references.

TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE 2 ABSTRACT 3 READING GUIDE 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS 4 DEFINITION 6

INTRODUCTION PREFACE 10 METHODOLOGY 11 CLIMATIC CHALLENGES 12 URBANIZATION 14 PROBLEM STATEMENT 15

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK HOW THE CITY SHOULD GROW 19 CITIES FOR PEOPLE 20 DENSITY 21 THE CITY AS AN ECOSYSTEM 22 LANDSCAPE URBANISM 23 WATER SENSITIVE URBAN DESIGN 24 SUMMARY| THEORY 25

ANALYTIC FRAMEWORK

SITE SPECIFIC ANALYSIS 28 PERCEPTIVE EXPERIENCE 30 FUTURE VEJLE 32 CLIMATE CHALLENGES 33 CASE STUDIES 35 DENSITY 36 HOW TO LIVE DENSE? 37 CONCLUSION 38 VEJLE AS A RESILIENT CITY 38 VISION 39C

DESIGN CONCEPT 40 DESIGN PARAMETERS 42 RESILIENCE 44 WATER MANAGEMENT CONCEPT 45 ECOLOGY CONCEPT 46 MOBILITY CONCEPT 48 CONCEPT FOR THE LIVING AREA 49 ENLIGHTENMENT CONCEPT 52 CONCLUSION 53

PRESENTATION

SITEPLAN 58 PROGRAMMING 60 URBAN DWELLINGS 61 CO-LIVING AND SELF-SUSTAINABLE 61 SECTIONS AND RENDERS 63 INFRASTRUCTURAL 83

06 4

EVALUATION CONCLUSION 88 REFLECTION 89 REFERENCES 90 LITERATURE 90 ILLUSTRATION LIST 93

DEFINITIONS FLOOD BARRIER

“A flood barrier, surge barrier or storm surge barrier is a specific type of floodgate, designed to prevent a storm surge or spring tide from flooding the protected area behind the barrier. A surge barrier is almost always part of a larger flood protection system consisting of floodwalls, levees (also known as dikes), and other constructions and natural geographical features.” (Wikipedia, 2016) RESILIENCE ”Resilience refers to the ability of an ecosystem to

withstand and, to some degree, absorb the effect of sometimes unpredictable and sudden changes to prevailing environmental conditions while still maintaining the majority of its structures and functions. Occasionally, such changes may result in a reorganization of the system’s structures and functions into a new, or alternate steady state.” (Reed & Lister, 2014) URBANISM

“Urbanism is understood to signify at once the city as an object of study, its lived experience, and its inflection through design and planning.” (Waldheim, 2016, p.2 ) LANDSCAPE URBANISM

“Signifies an understanding of urbanism read through the lens of landscape.” (Waldheim, 2016, p.2)

NATURE

“Nature: the physical world and everything in it (such as plants, animals, mountains, oceans, stars, etc.) that is not made by people.” (Marriam-webster, 2014) URBAN ECOLOGY

“Oekologie is the comprehensive science of the relationship of the organism to the environment” (Reed and Lister, 2014, p. 13) SUSTAINABILITY

“Environmental sustainability is the ability to maintain rates of renewable resource harvest, pollution creation, and non-renewable resource depletion that can be continued indefinitely. Economic sustainability is the ability to support a defined level of economic production indefinitely. Social sustainability is the ability of a social system, such as a country, to function at a defined level of social well being indefinitely.” (Thwink, 2012) LANDSCAPE

“In the dencentralizing city associated with mature Fordist industrial economy, landscape was reconceived as a medium of ecological planning and lending spatial coherence.” (Waldheim, 2016, p. 5) “In the contemporary post-Fordist industrial economy, lanscape has been reconceived again, this time to guise of landscape urbanism.” (Waldheim, 2016, p. 5)

INTRODUCTION

The introduction chapter will provide knowledge as an empirically background for the design process.

Illustration 11.1: Vejle city

PREFACE This semester project has been developed by Group MSc01 7, Urban Design, Aalborg University. The scope of this project is to explore and develop a proposal for flood protection in an existing dense urban setting. This project focus on exploring climatic challenge and challenges related to population growth in order to contribute to an urban environment, which are capable to withstand and transform according to contemporary challenges as well as future ones.

The project site is located in Vejle, a city located on the southeast of Jutland Peninsula, Denmark. The city is located and constructed in the coastal landscape making it vulnerable to increasing sea level and heavy rainfalls. The population of the city is increasing, creating great pressure on the urban fabric. These problems are analyzed to understand potentials and challenges related to the project site and will be used as empirical background in order to develop a design with a technical and aesthetic solution.

Illustration10.1: Vejle, location

METHODOLOGY Aalborg University is based on Problem Based Learning, a method integrating knowledge from course modules, reflection upon the project process and collaborative group work to solve a certain problem. This project takes point of departure in the Integrated Design Process. This method perceive the design as a process with multiple phases from problem statement to final design suggestion and with loops in between the different phases - both back and forth in order to explore the case. (Knudstrup, 2015) â&#x20AC;&#x153;By using the Integrated Design Process the professional knowledge of architecture and engineering is integrated and optimised.â&#x20AC;? (Knudstrup, 2015) This project utilizes theory as the framework for understanding the city when analyzing the site and as a theoretical framework when developing a design solution in a complex city. Jan Gehl, Linda Pollak and Leon Krier

are taking into considerations in terms of understanding, developing and integrating different parameters such as scale, urban spaces and the complexity of the city within this project. Furthermore, the group developed a workshop based method for the sketching and modelling phase to create a common starting point disregarding academic background. These workshops are interval-based to encourage intuitive and creative ideas which can be discussed and developed further in the process (See appendix p.6). By planning the workshops to be rather intense in time and creative production, the group members are encouraged to produce a wide range of ideas regarding both concepts and detailed solutions for the project. This particular workshop-based method can be developed and used in other projects or situations when the process needs new inputs for the design or develop to towards a final design in terms of a tectonic solution. The group experienced that it is a necessity to go forth and back from each phase several times because of gained knowledge during the process. Therefore, each phase is not finished before the project is presented.

PROBLEM

ANALYSIS

SKETCHING

SYNTHESIS

PRESENTATION

Illustration11.1: Phases in the integrated design process (Knudstrup, 2015)

CLIMATIC CHALLENGES Planet earth is experiencing climatic change - rising sea level, and more extreme weather due to global warming. The climate change is affecting everyone and the future of our planet. The greenhouse gas emissions are now at the highest levels in history and it is extremely likely that the dominating cause of global warming for the past 50 years is human interference. (GrĂ¸ndahl, Poulsen 2014, s.7). To ensure that we limit the increased global temperature we need to transform our industry, energy, transport, agriculture and forestry systems. Humans will have to change the way one live on this planet by adapting, anticipating and becoming resilient to the current and future impacts to be able to create a sustainable world for future generations. Sustainable development has been defined as development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. (UN, 2016) The city of Vejle experienced a rapid growth in the 20th century. Companies were established and the harbor area was expanded by constructing more artificial land towards the fjord, consequently resulting in a reduction of the original landcape. Due to simultaneously increase in population and financial flexibility the growing middle class citizens moved towards the surrounding hills

where new suburban areas were created to meet the demand for housing. This gradually caused a higher pressure on the existing water management systems within the city and the city center located in the bottom of the valley. (Den Store Danske, 2016). Flooding has been a problem in Vejle for over a century. (Vejle Kommune, 2014). The floodings are mainly caused by coastal overflow and low capacity in the streams. Vejle has large, low-lying areas with great economical and environmental values which are unprepared for extreme weather. Due to the change in the global climate, Vejle can expect a rise in sea level combined with floods of higher frequency and intensity than the city has ever experienced. (Analyse af IPCC delrapport 2, 2014) Vejle is a vulnerable city in terms of water due to location and the preparations for a more resilient city has started. (Vejles resiliensstrategi, 2016) It is the first city in Europe with a resilience strategy, cooperating with other cities worldwide regarding handling water challenges in the future. (100 Resilient cities, 2017).

Illustration 12.1: Flooding in Vejle (BT, 2014)

HISTORY OF A WET CITY SHORELINE DEVELOPMENT

GREATEST FLOODING EVENTS

1872

Biggest flooding catastrophe for Denmark in newer time. Lasted for 12-24 hours. sealevel 2,15 m.

1924

Storm gave a sea level of 2,05 m.

1941

Extreme flooding of Grejs stream due to cloudburst. The maximal runoff was measured to 32 m3/s.

2006

The flood hit areas close to water. Areas close to Vejle measured this storm as a 100 year-event. Lasted for 12 hours. Water level at 1,68 m.

2008 The natural landscape in velje has decreased due to urban development.

A cloudburst of 40 mm rain in 4 hours caused flood in Vejle. The flow in Vejle stream was measured to 20,5 m3/s which is record high for the river. The cloudburst had a return period of 2-5 years.

2013

Flooding which caused the water to rise to 1,52 m.

2014

Cloudburst in Vejle with a return period of 60 years. Caused flooding in the city. 51,4 mm in 4 hours. 31 mm fell in 30 min. Water flow of 8 m3/s.

2015

Cloudburst in Vejle. Flow in Vejle stream measured 14 m3/s

2100

Water level in the fjord +0,8 m. Fjord could rise 2,44 m in a 100 year event

The danger of flooding in Vejle has existed for a long time and is expected to happen of some degree every fifth year. (Vejle kommune, 2014) Illustration 13.1: Timeline of floodings in Vejle

(Vejle kommune, 2014, Vejle kommune, 2015).

URBANIZATION Constantly evolving cities The planet has gone through a process of increased urbanization over the past six decades. As the world continue to urbanize, sustainable development challenges will be increasingly concentrated in the cities. (UN, 2014, p. 1) Urbanity is often associated with higher levels of education, enhanced opportunities for cultural and political participation, better health care, greater access to a bigger labour market and social services. Nevertheless unplanned and rapid growth create challenges. It leads to a demand for changes of the built environment and infrastructural solutions to manage the mobility of the growing population. (UN, 2014, p. 3) The rapid change create great pressure on the urban fabric and in particular on democratic spaces within the city such as public spaces.

has increased with 26,7% from 1980-2016 (Danmark Statistik, 2016) which is a rather great growth compared to other parts of Denmark. (KL, 2017). Tendency also shows the urbanized development locally in the municipality of Vejle as more people tend to move into the cities (Danmark Statistik, 2016). Research in population development predicts that the municipality Vejle will continue to grow, and prognoses predicts a population increase of 9,7% in 2030 (KL, 2017). One of the challenges is how Vejle can plan a sustainable city which can adapt to a growing population. Further planning of the city must preserve the benefits of the urban life and at the same time contribute to a sustainable development both globally and locally.

The city of Vejle is the biggest city in the municipality, and has a population of 54.862 (Danmark statistik, 2016), which makes it one of the 10 biggest cities in Denmark. The population growth in the city of Vejle

Illustration 14.1: Population growth in Vejle

PROBLEM STATEMENT How can a flood protective system contribute to resilience in terms of climatic and social challenges for a sustainable urban development?

THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

The following chapter contains the theories that will guide us to a greater understanding of how the city works. The overall challenge of the expanding city and sustainable development defines the content of relevant theories.

Illustration 17.1: Private boat marina

HOW THE CITY SHOULD GROW Accordning to Leon Krier should be located inside the quarter, but parkways, boulevards and large squares should be placed on the boundaries. A boundary should be more than an administrative line, a morphological constituent of the urban fabric and create good connections to paths and tracks suitable for walks into the surrounding areas. Krier likewise encourage distribution of public spaces throughout the urban landscape in terms of size and connection to each other. The size and location of the public spaces should be planned according to each other. They should be organized in a larger network spread out in the city, to contribute to a livable and sustainable city.

“Growth make sense only when it has a predetermined goal. Maternity is the end goal of all growth” (Krier, 2009, p.98). According to Leon Krier the city should grow just like a family of individuals. An area should grow, reach maternity, then be reproduced. In other words he states that; “A city can only grow through an increase in the numbers of complete urban quarters” (Krier, 2009, p.107). A complete urban quarter is described as an area which contains every function the citizen need on a daily basis. The size of a quarter is defined by the daily pedestrian capacity and should never extend more than 900 meters, or 10 minutes walking distance. Public and civic function should be dispersed throughout the quarters and intermixed with other urban functions thereby avoiding the monotonized, standardizing effects of functional zoning.

The character of the public spaces introduced in this project should be planned and considered in terms of location and connection to eachother.

Krier suggests that public spaces should be organized into regular or irregular patterns, a grid of avenues, boulevards, street, squares, parks, public gardens and so forth, to achieve architectural variety. A main square

meter 900m Dia Large squares

dwelling officeliving living urban farming

living

playground

green

bees bar chickens people people people living

work place local shop common kitchen people

people

Square living bees coffee art shop

people people people

Boulevards

Park ways

people

recreation

workshops people people living living kindergarden local shop education people playground urban farming living people living living workshops Square people coffeeshop playground living people office people living people

Dia

meter 900m Tekst til diagram:

Illustration19.1: Content and size of Kriers urban quarter

CONTENT AND SIZE OF KRIERS URBAN QUARTER

CITIES FOR PEOPLE Jan Gehl “...at first we shape the cities, then they shape us”. (Gehl, 2010). Human scale is the most essensial when developing a city. Planning must respect the human needs, experience and behavior. According to Jan Gehl humans will attract more humans within an urban setting. For many cities planning cannot solely address the human scale because the society today is based on movement in every aspect of the daily life – one have to go to work, to leisure activities or do the groceries.

for all citizens. (Gehl, 2010) These are elements rather present in most Danish cities but for some cities based on industry this planning is only implemented in some parts excluding others of the city. The aim strives to integrate the human scale within large scale architecture and develop an design solution for the sustainable, healthy, safe and livable city.

An attractive and well functional city is created by having a comprehensive city politic addressing equal possibilities for having a livable, safe, sustainable and healthy city

SAFE

SUSTAINABLE

CITIES FOR PEOPLE

LIVEABLE

HEALTHY Illustration 20.1: Cities for people, Gehl

DENSITY Square meters or people “In urban environments, most people think about density in terms of dwelling desity - the number of homes per hectare - or population density - the number of people per hectare” (Cooper & Boyko, 2012, p.9). The main idea of planning for more dense areas is condensation. (Minister of Housing, Urban and Rural Affairs, 2015, p. 15). Condensation can be understood in several aspects including condensation of buildings, functions and people. This means that there can further be described many levels of density within urban design.

services and ressources. Increased population on a rather limited area can contribute to a sustainable solution in terms of interlinked network of humans, mobility, ressources and function. The perception of density is rather difficult to define and will change according to country and local settings. The different densities within Vejle will be examined. (see page 36).

In many ways density can enhance the urban life by decreasing distances between functions within the city but density cannot be seen as a goal in itself. One can apply different densification stategies for allocation of urban

BENEFITS RELATED TO DENSIFICATION

Reduced fossil fuel emissions/carbon footprint due to reduced vehicle usage

Enhanced accessibility, as more infrastructure and services are closer to where people live, work and recreate

Reduced social segregation and exclusion/isolation

Increased safety by having more ‘eyes on the street’

Illustration 21.1: Densification benefits (based upon Cooper & Boyko, 2012)

THE CITY AS AN ECOSYSTEM A network of complex processes “Oekologie is the comprehensive science of the relationship of the organism to the environment” (Reed and Lister, 2014, p. 13) The term spans a broad spectrum from philosophy and the humanities to the social and biological sciences. In recent years the term has emerged and started to inform our thinking about the various interrelationships between plants, animals, and the physical, biological, cultural and experiential world in which we live in. (Reed and Lister, 2014, p. 16) The urban system, with the focus on the relationship between humans and the built environment, seem to share many similarities with the ecological system as described above. (Reed and Lister, 2014, p. 122) This understanding of how everything is interlinked and interacting in complex ways within the city gives us the indicate that something humans add to the system can give unexpected consequences. When environmental transformation and climate changes are the greatest concern this understanding of ecology and urban systems is perhaps the most important ontic framework for understanding and projecting possible futures. (Reed and Lister, 2014, p. 85)

When showing respect for existing landscape and relationships in the environment, the chance of introducing something that preserves the complexibility and resilience of the urban system increase. (Reed and Lister, 2014, p. 122) For instance existing natural flora in urban spaces can be used as a recreational value for the citizens. This action will strengthen the the biodiversity that already exist in the environment. As mentioned in the introduction; more than half of the world’s population is living in cities, and their impact on the world’s environment is noticeable, and therefore it’s reasonable to understand that the cities also are connected to something bigger on a global level. The understanding of how everything in this world is connected in a complex system, the ecological understanding, is the first step to find the answer - how to create a sustainable development both in a global and local scale?

Illustration 22.1: City as an Ecosystem

LANDSCAPE URBANISM

Urbanism through the lenses of landscape There is a tendency to view architecture and landscape as oppositional systems, where the first is something constructed and acknowledged while the second is an unproblematic background. It is the same with object/ space and culture/nature where the second word is seen as an abstract container or a blurry void between the architecture. (Pollak, 2006, p. 127) Landscape urbanism represents a hybrid framework consisting of architecture, landscape architecture and urban design - the fields crosses and create a complexity. The goal is to not be more concerned about architecture, landscape or city but integrate them simultaneously and let all scales be represented in each setting. (Waldheim, 2016, p. 4) The approach acknowledge temporalities and changes. Architecture is no longer an object but a device that can transform urban landscape. (Waldheim, 2016, p. 4)

The city as a landscape is made up by multiple surfaces that represents the constructed ground. The approach to process the surfaces by scales shows the complexity in landscape urbanism. The main point is working within several scales and that the different terms of scales are represented within each scale. (Pollak, 2006, p. 128) This shows the complexity in landscape urbanism. When treating architecture and landscape as integrated elements, the approach for designing becomes holistic. Landscape urbanism as discourse does not put urbanism and landscape as oppositions. Neither is landscape only a medium for temporary relief from the city build up by buildings and infrastructure. It is a medium of design â&#x20AC;&#x201C; the foundation. (Waldheim, 2016, p. 4)

Illustration 23.1: Greenery in urban setting, Vejle

WATER SENSITIVE URBAN DESIGN Where city meets water Traditionally in an urban setting, unwanted water is channelled into drains or streams with the intent to transport it out of city, causing increase in velocity and ultimately speeding up the cycle of water.

Sustainable drainage systems and water sensitive urban design seek to slow down the water cycle, and to use vegetation and ecosystems to treat polluted water in cites. A principle for this design approach can be:

Because of the gathering ability of water, untreated water runoff from urban settings can be heavily polluted. If under dimensioned, drainage systems overflow during storms which can lead to health issues if mixed with clean water supply or if humans are exposed to polluted surface water.

“All elements of the water cycle and their interconnections are considered concurrently to achieve an outcome that sustains a healthy natural environment while meeting human needs.” (Morgan, Celeste, 2013) With this approach, other benefits in connection with water, such as; vitality, activity and recreation, ecosystems and local food supplies, and desirable landscapes highlights the significance of green spaces in cites.

A large degree impermeable surfaces dominates cities which often come at the expense of green structures. This cause an unbalance between the natural ecosystem and the urban one, thus causing issues as flooding.

water vapor

precipitation Upland evaporation

upstream input

transpiration

anthropogenic input

runoff

channeled surface water

accumulation

infiltration groundwater

TRADITIONAL URBAN WATER CYCLE

water vapor

precipitation Upland upstream input

transpiration

evaporation

runoff

urban rainwater harvesting

accumulation

infiltration groundwater WATERCYCLE FOR CITIES WITH “WATER SENSITIVE URBAN DESIGN”

Illustration 24.1: Water cycle

SUMMARY| Theory When designing urban quarters scale, pattern and location has to be considered to create the best movement and experience for the citizens. If these aspects are taken into consideration, a more attractive, safe and well functional city can be achieved.

derstand the city as a complex system. Defining said system can be rather difficult because the city is not a static object but an ever-changing organism with many influencing parameters incorporated.

According to Krier the city should consist of a network of interlinked functions in the urban program. Cities should be designed with multifunctional urban quarters within the city to contribute to a sustainable development. A mix of urban program in irregular patterns. According to Gehl the good city is based on being livable, safe, sustainable and healthy. People are very important in this network - without people one will not have a livable city. People keep an eye on each other and makes it safe. If the city is created with good possibilities for green transportation, it will ensure that people stay healthy. Likewise, it will make people visible in the urban sphere. His parameters of designing the city are dependent on each other. The term densification can be understood as number of units in a given area. It can also be understood as a condensation of functions and people. For that reason Krier and Gehls approaches can be implemented to the densification of Vejle. Discussing ecology in an urban setting, it is important to understand that everything is interlinked and interacting to create sustainable development. The significance of green spaces become evident within a water sensitive city such as Vejle. The need for integrating the urban water cycle should be considered a priority when designing the city. The urban fabric and landscape are interlinked. It is related to Pollaks approach of seeing landscape and objects not as oppositions and separated, but the one is as important as the other and integrated. For that reason, the urban setting should be planned in all scales where every scale is represented in every scale. The design approach of Vejle requires the project to un-

ANALYTIC FRAMEWORK

The following part consists of different analyzes which provide information about Vejle and the site related to the stated challenges. The analytic framework gives a greater understanding about the project site context, possibilities and challenges.

Illustration 27.1: The mole, Vejle

SITE SPECIFIC ANALYSIS ANALYSIS AREA The scope of the project is to analyze the relation between water and city, therefore the specific analyzes is delimited to the harbour front of Vejle.

INFRASTRUCTURE Two main roads generate car traffic through the city connected to secondary roads which is spreading car traffic throughout the rest of the area. A large percentage of the ground is programmed for car parking. Main road

Railroad

Secondary roads

Parking

IMPERVIOUSNESS Impervious area creates great challenges connected to water runoff, and the registration shows that a large percentage of the land near the harbor front are impervious, especially in the parts where the industry is located. Impervious surface

1:2000

VEGETATION The city is surrounded by great forests and nature open to the public which represents great recreational value for the citizens. However, the green spaces in the center of the analysis area lack connection to each other and does not seem to be designed for stay nor connected to pathways.

PUBLIC SPACES The public spaces are located in relationship to the residential buildings in the north. There is potential for activity in the public spaces by the harbor but this part is poorly connected to the rest of the public spaces located near the city center. The size, location and programming of the public spaces does not appear to be planned according to each other.

MORPHOLOGY The mapping shows that different areas consist of different buildings structures in different scales divided by infrastructure.

Built structures

TYPOLOGY The area appears to be more divided in monofunctional zones towards the harbor front where buildings of same programming are located in clusters. This leads to a division in activities, and creates longer distance for inhabitants to everyday life functions. Residense

Industry

Education

Mixed use

Office

Commercial

ACCESABILITY There is limited accessibility to different areas in the south. These areas are closed off to the public for safety reasons, and therefore creates humdrum activity in this part of the city. Good

Medium

Bad

Illustration 29.1: Site specific analysis

Perceptive experience Moving from the city center where you experience a coherency of functions and buildings, the harbour front leaves you with a mixed experience. Big scale, hard borders, smells and trucks etc. reveals about Vejles industrial period. New buildings sneak into the picture and have already replaced some of the industry. New quarter’s are built right next to social housing from the 60´s. In this architectural diversity social groups are brought together.

Common for these living areas is that they are monofunctional - some restaurants and water activity are offered. The clash of scales, materials, architecture and people leave an incoherent experience of the harbor. It has potential to become more coherent in terms of being a part of the city and a city within the city.

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BLO IDENTI CK AL GA R

HOSPITA

PUBLIC S CHURC PACE H YARD

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TRAFFIC HUB BIG RO VIEW A

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RANSPO RT URBATN

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RUN O 60’s FF HIG HSC HOO FOOTBALL AC TIVITY L BA PA WET GREEN KER SUPERM RKING LAND Y A R KED OLD W M A RESTAU NEW ODERN TER AC MAT ERIA RANT LS MIXED OW HOU HARBTIVITY SING NERS CITYLIFE HIP CHA SPO OUR LK B UNSAFE UNSPASSAG OAT PAR RT CON AFE E PUBLIC SPACKING E V TAIN ER SHIEW IPS TRAN WORK SPOR TATIO N SILO CON MODER NISTIC LARG TAIN CON PLANN E S C CALE IN ER SH RETE G RIVER BUILD IP INGS ROU ROU WATER GH M ROADS BLUE GH HANDLIN S ATER FLOO G DABL IAL E TRUC G R K BUILD EEN S ING DISCMATERIALS STEE SHO L RELIN BASSIN ONN ECTE NEW E D PROJ E FAR F C T ROM WET CITY LAND LIFE NATU

Illustration 30.1: Perceptive mapping of coastal neighbourhoods

Atmosphere “The term atmosphere is used to apprehend percieved quaiities of space [...] Accordingly, the aesthetics of atmospheres meditates between aethetics of production and that of perception.” (Böhme, 1998)

Signs of local commitment and associations

Waterscape and naturescape.

Hard border and limited access to water

Signs of nature and wetland in industry

Industry has dominated the area for decades

Heavy transport dominate and divide harbor from city

Illustration 31.1 Atmospheres in Vejle

FUTURE VEJLE Planning for the people Vejle architecture policy cherish buildings, public spaces, the landscape, the identity, dialog with citizens and resilience. The policy aim is to create guidelines for the type of city Vejle wishes to be. It appears that Vejle is concerned about all the different scales in the city. They want to create identity together with the citizens and find sustainable solutions for future development. (Vejle Kommune, 2016) The project focuses on those plans related to the future development of the harbor. The harbour is planned for industrial purposes but strategies for new development towards the harbor with future dwellings and related functions are imminent. (Vejle Kommune, 2016, plan 54, plan 1136, 1203, 1083) New living area at the harbour (Vejle Kommune, 2016 plan 1136) states that the area should be attractive and provide a good frame for the life of the citizens. In addition, recreational public spaces should be provided and an urban different situation for culture and experiences.

The design and placement of public spaces are not further specified, and the responsibility for the public areas then relies on the developer, whom is often more interested in economical benefit rather than social and environmental aspects. On one hand local planning gives opportunities for clever artistical idoms in terms of architerctural expression. On the other hand a local plan does not necessarily give a public realm because it is rather difficult to implement human behaviour when planning. The unspecific descriptions of designs give oppotunity for interpretation. It is challenging to create a unified harbour front with connection between the urban spaces as their placement and appearance rely on different developers and are often not planned according to each other.

Illustration 32.1: New urban development, Vejle

CLIMATE CHALLENGES Risk assesment for Vejle THREATS Increased water level in the fjord because of sea level rise and storm surges - when the water level in the fjord rises over the existing banks, water will fill all areas at or below the water table. Streams, channels, pipes, etc. directly connected to the fjord will rise simultaniously with the water level. Heavy flow in city streams due to rainfall up-stream - two streams running through the city centre; Mølle stream and Omløps stream, connects to the Vejle stream leading the water to the fjord. Capacity problems occur when either of the stream overflow because the inflow to the streams is greater than the outflow to the fjord. Heavy rainfall in the city - then rainfall comes as cloudburst, with an intensity greater than 0.1 m/hr. The amount will cause flooding on low points and impervious surfaces and create surface waterflows.

At the incident of a heavy cloudburst the river and detention basins can lead all the rainwater out in the fjord as long as they have the capacity. If the incident is a storm surge a solution can be closing the river outlet, creating a solid barrier to keep the water out of the city. Worst case scenario can be when a storm surge and heavy rain occurs at the same time. Water accumulated in the city has to be lead out of the closed system. This problem can be solved with a pump system: pumping the river water out in the fjord, keeping the city from flooding. It is important to keep in mind that these two incidents rarely happens at the same time, but one should consider worst case scenarios when designing a protective system. A bigger pump system and/or detention basin will have a higher economical risk and could have a greater impact on the urban landscape. The challenge of the pump and barrier system is to function when these unlikely, but severe incidents happen, and the rest of the time feel like a natural part of the urban landscape.

CONSEQUENCES The main issue from these threats is flooding, which is mainly caused from coastal overflow and capacity issues in streams. Consequences of this can be economical damage to the built environment, and it can ultimately lead to a loss in heritage, community, and health for the citizens of flood exposed areas. Rainfall do occur more often than storm surges, and capacity problems in streams and accumulation of water on surfaces in the city occurs more frequently than floods from the fjord. When storm surges do happen they have catastrophic consequences. With a sea level rise of 2.15 m and a water level rise in the Vejle Stream of 1.30 m, real estate and properties (900 in total) of combined value of 8.7 billion DKR are threatened. (Vejle, 2014).

AREA INLAND

CAUSE CLOUDBURST

Illustration 33.1: Worst case scenario, “a perfect storm”

CONSEQUENCE FLASH FLOOD

CLOUDBURST

RIVER FLOOD

ESTUARY STORM SURGE

COASTAL FLOOD

COAST Illustration 33.2: Cause / consequence diagram

HOURS

DAYS

WEEKS

PROTECTIVE STRATEGIES The municipality of Vejle has in their resilience strategy, â&#x20AC;&#x153;Fjordbyenâ&#x20AC;?(Vejle kommune,2016), assessed risks in the city due to the rising climate challenges. It has defined three areas of action, all in which are to contribute to minimizing the risk of flooding in the city centre. These three sub-projects include flood protection on the waterfront, handling of accumulation of rainwater in the eastern city quarter, and managing heavy rainfall intelligently in the hinterland and integrated flood solutions in city centre for managing cloudbursts. Rain can be re- or detained with basins systems, and other absorbent surfaces, regulating flows in streams and wastewater. Flood protective system at the waterfront can be placed out of three alternative strategies(Ill. 33.1)

Seeing the consequences of a flood event caused by overflow of the fjord as a severe problem, the city will benefit greatly from a storm surge protective system. The economical consequence of storm floods will be far greater than construction and maintenance of such a system itself, (Naturstyrelsen, 2014), and on a non-monetary perspective save lives and prevent injuries. This project designs a flood protective system calculated to withstand a 100 year event in 2100. (further calculations: appendix, p. 11).

Working with protective measurements that are adaptable in combination with warning systems, risks of flooding can be lowered to a minimum.

Retreated - Restoring Wetlands The challenge of this barrier is how it communicates with the excisting environment and create adaptive areas towards the harbor.

Passive - On existing waterfront The challenges of this design is how it creates a very hard edge between land and water.

Offensive - Placement in fjord The challenges of this design is view and damage to water circulation and seperation from city.

Illustration 34.1: Three alternative placements of a storm surge barrier

CASE STUDIES Barrier A storm barrier, or a flood barrier, is a protective system which main purpose is to prevent a specific area from a storm surge flooding. A storm barrier is often built where water management issues are of such a nature that an increase in water level will damage urban assets, as for

instance a city. This secures economical values and stability when climatic changes threaten our established urban fabric. Different approaches to this issue can span from small intervention to billion dollar investments, and from public realms to barrier walls.

Illustration 35.1: Big U

THE BIG U | EAST RIVER PARK - NYC (US)

by BIG | Bjarke Ingels Group with One Architecture

Illustration 35.2: Le Mur

LE MUR | LEMVIG MOVABLE WALLS STORM SURGE PROTECTION (DK)

by Hasløv and Kjærsgaard + COWI

Expeted start-up 2018

Finished 2013

4.02 km

0.32 km

484 million EUR

2.02 million EUR

When designing heavy-duty resilience measurements along Manhatten, this project is landscape architecture as public realm, design as policy, and urban planning on an architectural level. The project seeks to improve access to the waterfront and augment green space in the neighborhoods it traverses. The BIG U consist of multiple, but linked, designs; each having different scale, size and investment, adjusting programming and functions after needs of connecting neighboorhoods. Handeling storm surges, but also investing in added value for the communities, this project becomes not only recilient towards climate changes, but it gives more green spaces, open spaces, and recreational areas in connectiveness to the waterfront for decades to come.

”Le Mur” in Lemvig municipality is a solid concrete wall stucture with openings that can be closed with steel gates incase of storms. The wall meanders through the harbor area in Lemvig creating different public spaces, and at a totalt height of 80 - 120 cm over ground level, the system is equipped with wooden funiture for flexible usage. This kind of system can be put in place when high water levels are forcasted, and can be removed at normal situation. The frequency of flooding is important in determining how often these mobile barriers must be erected. This is a relativly cheap system, and can be incorporated to a bigger system to protect cities from storm surges.

DENSITY Density in Vejle Tree types of living areas has been examined to analyze density - persons per ha. - within the city of Vejle. The social housing area has a relative high density of dwellers but low density in built enviroment due to block typology. The lack of mixed functions within the living area contributes to humdrum activity in the public spaces. The old apartment buildings close to the city center also accommodate a large amount of dwellers, accomplished by higher density of the built enviroment rather than the use of high-rise buildings. This typology creates a spatial experience more related to the human scale. In contradiction to the social living area, this area is closer to city functions creating more divers activity in the public space.

The single family detached houses represent the lowest density in this analysis. In addition to the low density of people and built enviroment the amount of public spaces and non-residential functions is limited. The relative population densities in this analysis is taken into account when creating new living areas. This analysis uncover that population density can be quite similar but the spatial experience and livability within the areas can be rather different.

Social housing area 87 average density in population (person pr ha) Main typology: 4-5 story blocks

Older apartment 72 average density in population (person pr ha) Main typology: 3-5 storey town houses

Single-family detached houses 41 average density in population (person pr ha) Main typology: 1-3 storey villas

Illustration 36.1: Density in Vejle

How to live dense? The population of Vejle is as stated earlier in the project is growing, at the same time household structures in Denmark are changing. The amount of people living alone in Denmark are increasing (Gram-Hanssen, 2009), the same is the amount of single parents (Berlingske, 2013) and the population of elderly. (Danmark Statistik, 2016). The overall tendency shows an increase in smaller households, and the size of the dwelling should reflect this development to contribute to a decreased ecological footprint per person. Single-person households also show a tendency to feel less satisfied and happy about their life situation. (Gram-Hanssen, 2009). Many experimental dwelling solutions have been developed to accommodate the challenges connected to the change in house hold structures, experimenting with

types of social alternative housing such as communes, cohousing and network residence. (see appendix p. 2). One example is where persons share both facilities and house hold duties. In these types of households, the private space per person is reduced and replaced with common shared spaces to increase the interaction and social dimension between the humans and at the same time reducing the energy consumption and recourses used per person. A way of handling the growing population in Vejle in a social, economic and environmental sustainable way is bringing the people together in these types of communities that meets the need of modern denser living structure.

Illustration 37.1: Household development towards co-living

CONCLUSION Vejle as a resilient city The harbor area of Vejle consists of rather separated neighbourhoods with different scales, materials and typologies according to time period and programming. Concrete silos from the industry side-by-side with townhouses appears to be incoherent due to difference in scale and absence of planned public spaces in-between. Some of the most attractive locations within the city are inaccessible for citizens due to industry. Some industry has been transformed into new neighbourhoods and the public spaces along the harbor are dysfunctional due to the indefinite border between public and private. Industry and coastal setting has shaped the city of Vejle throughout history. The industry has employed many citizens for decades fostering urbanization. The water has been a great resource but likewise a threat for the built environment within the city due to flooding. The atmosphere along the harbor has a divers appearence which reveals a potential in terms of developing a new resilient identity for Vejle integrating protection of existing built environment with new adaptive urban development. The existing landscape reveals a great possibility in order to restore nature both as blue and green structures. Potentially an urban ecosystem can be incited as a coherent existing between urbanization and nature in order to adapt to the power of nature.

This project seeks to create a large scale resilient infrastructure connecting the different areas and unifing the harbour front. The solution must protect existing ecomical and non-monetary assets. The ambition is to give the waterfront to the people, making a improved public realm on the border between new and existing urban enviroment.

Illustration 38.1: Placement of floodprotection

VISION The aim is to develop a design solution creating social and climatic resilience within the city of Vejle. With a goal of changing the mindsets on how we can co-exist with each other and nature, a sustainable solution can be achieved.

DESIGN CONCEPT

The design concept is based on the different analysis and preserves the ideas and inspiration researched in the theoretical chapter. As a starting point this phase reveals the design parameters which will serve as a tool for designing the different concepts later in the chapter.

Illustration 41.1: Concept development

DESIGN PARAMETERS Design solutions for flood protection should be hybrid solutions, customized to specific places, time and programs along the structure. The concept of an engineered barrier combined with social functions adapted to neighbourhoods creates a protective system integrated into everyday urban fabric. This design seeks to develop a barrier system which ensures protection of the city against flooding from the fjord and at the same time manage water accumulating on its backside. Solving these challenges with a subtle design and tailored programming - adds value to the social and urban condition. The design parameters deals with the overall theme resilient infrastructure with surplus value to the everyday life in the city of Vejle.

RESILIENCE Large scale architecture with the ability to cope with change through surplus values.

ECOLOGY Enhance biodiversity, reduce carbon footprint and improve human health - developed in phases.

MOBILITY New paths and interconnection to existing network

COMMUNITY Creating living areas with divers social groups with different approaches on how to co-exist with nature.

ENLIGHTENMENT Inviting the citizens to gain knowledge about the importance of a sustainable urban development.

Illustration 43.1: Abstract display

PROGRAMMING

NATURE

n spa

PEOPLE

urba

PROTECTION

RESILIENCE

acce s

nat u

abili ty no

livin g

act ivity

ac c essa b

nature

ility

nature

t enmen enlight

nat u

act ivity

Illustration 44.1: Concept development

Water management concept PRE-PROTECTIVE MEASUREMENTS

Scenario 1: Stream outlet

Scenario 2: Mixed typologies

Normal situation

Flood situation caused by storm surge

IMPLEMENTATION OF PROTECTIVE MEASUREMENTS

Implementation of protective barrier

New typologies adapted to flooding

Flood situation is evaded, but with heavy rainfall a closed system detains water on its backside

Measurements for retaining water in gathering systems and transportation of water out of the closed system with pumps ensure resilient infrastructure.

Illustration 45.1: Water management concept

ECOLOGY CONCEPT Allowing nature to grow When developing a resilient city, introducing green landscape is crucial for the transformation of the city. Letting nature be a part of the urban landscape is an intelligent way to handle water and to create biodiversity. Adaptation to climatic challenges demands a co-existence with nature, but impervious surfaces in a city make this difficult. Converting paved areas into green space provides, not only good environments for nature, but also pleasant spaces for the people of the city. Therefore, we see the value in transforming parts of the cityâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s industry into a new urban landscape where these values are cherished supporting future growth. Green landscapes and infrastructure naturally increase the ecology, allowing community gardens and urban farming.

First step: Introducing green urban spaces and landscape within the city as the first layer in the transformation from heavy industry to new housing areas along the harbor.

Plants serve as food and habitat for wildlife, and the content of different plants, insects and animals therefore affects each other. (Styrelsen for Vand- og Naturforvaltning) City expansion, human interference and climate changes are threatening these natural habitats. (Styrelsen for Vand- og Naturforvaltning) One of the biggest threats against biodiversity is imported plants from other parts of the world. It threatens the exicsting ecosystem and in worst case push local species away. This is ranked as the second largest threat against biodiversity, and must therefore be avoided. (MiljĂ¸ministeriet, Skov- og Naturstyrelsen, Danmarks Naturfredningsforening og FriluftsrĂĽdet, 2004). When introducing and creating green areas in this project, the goal is to contribute and strengthen the local fauna and biological content that exist in Vejle.

Second step: A green landscape is developed further in order to gather residential areas in the city both on the hillsides and within the valley.

Third step: The three developing areas are linked together with the hillsides by a constantly growing green landscape adding value to the urban setting and the citizens. Illustration 46.1: Ecology concept

Beech

Sycamore

Birch Goat Willow

Parkhagtorn

Elder Single-seeded hawthorn Lyme grass

Chickweed

Common reed Sea cale

Illustration 47.1: Flora and fauna in Vejle

MOBILITY CONCEPT Barrier as a connector The main idea behind the mobility consept is to increase accessability for green mobility on the harbour front using the barrier as a connector. By connecting to the existing network the barrier becomes an enabler for further densification in a transformation area, creating easy access not only internaly but to residual functions in the city.

1:2000

Enhance green mobility between harbour and city.

1:2000

North-south connection allowing green mobility along the harbourfront.

1:2000

Better access internaly between new and old living areas.

Illustration 48.1: Mobility concept

CONCEPT FOR THE LIVING AREA COMMUNITY AND CO-HOUSING In the concept of co-living some private space is replaced with common space. Facilities such as kitchen, toilet and greenhouses becomes shared space, making smaller households come together and create new denser social communities, in terms of persons per sqm. This concept benefits both social, economic and environmental sustainability. (see p. 35) MINE

OURS

YOURS

Illustration 49.1: Co-living

URBAN FARMING Introducing small scale farming in the local urban garden, that produces food as local as possible, adds greenery to the urban environment and encouraging outdoor social activity in the neighborhoods. (Howard, 2017) This concept contributes to a stronger community feeling in the living areas and reduces the ecological footprint created by food transportation.

Shared work

co-living

Agriculture self-sufficient

Illustration 49.2: Resource circuit

DESIGN STRATEGY FOR WATER RESILIENT BUILDINGS

Withstands the nature

On the condition of nature

FLoating

Barrier

Building as a barrier

Floodable building

Floatable building

The buildings become the barrier and protect the city behind. This approach does not adapt to the changes, but are constructed to withstand the water and Barrier protect.

The ground floor is allow to flood. Programming on this floor must be adaptive or relocated when necessary. Barrier

The building changes its position in the landscape according to the change in environment.

Illustration 49.3: Design strategy for water resilient buildings 100 sqm 100 sqm

FLoating

Building as a barrier Barrier

FLoating

Illustration 50.1: Buildings as a floodbarrier

Barrier

100 sqm 100 sqm

Common shared space Old or young with family Shared families Shared old and young

Illustration 50.2: Plan scheme of barrier dwellings

Karre principles

FLoating

Floodable buildings Karre principles

Barrier

From closed Karre and straight lines to subdivided karre and a porous building that creates niches.

From vertical straight lines to a porous expression and spatial relations. From closed Karre and straight lines to The surfaces are covered nature subdivided karre and a porous building that From closed carrĂŠ and straight lines to subdivided and porous building that creates niches. elements. creates niches.

Active functions are placed in the ground floor such as workshoparea, shops, cafees, childcare workspace. The sustainable princip of the functions of the groundfloor is that locals can sell local craftmanship and products such as eggs and milk.

Karre principles

From vertical straight lines to a porous expression and spatial relations. The surfaces are covered nature elements.

Green houses and agriculture as comGreen houses monasfacility common facility

Active functions are placed in the ground floor such as workshoparea, shops, cafees, childcare, workspace. The sustainable princip of the functions of the groundfloor is that locals can sell local craftmanship and products such as eggs and milk.

Water Water collector andand common playcollect ground common playground

From closed Karre and straight lines to subdivided karre and a porous building that creates niches.

Green houses as common facility

Water collect and common playground From vertical straight lines to a porous and spatial From expression vertical straight linesrelations. to porous The surfaces are covered natureThe expression and spatial relations. elements. surfaces are covered with green ele-

ments.

Active functions are placed in the ground floor such as workshoparea, shops, cafees, childcare,

Active functions are placed on the such as workshops, stores, cafees, and workspaces.

workspace. groundfloor

The sustainable princip of the functions of the groundfloor is that locals can sell local The sustainable principle of the funccraftmanship and products such as eggs and tions of the groud floor is that locals milk.

can sell craftmanship and products such as eggs and milk Some functions are openable when water rise.

Illustration 51.1: Concept development of floodable buildings

ENLIGHTENMENT CONCEPT Insight and awakening The scope with this concept is to enlighten the citizens and promote awareness of climatic challenges. The first step towards a truly sustainable society are insight and knowledge. The aim is to provide an understanding of why the climatic challenges have occured, as a stepping stone for an altered mindset about how human behavior are affecting the climate.

museum merged with a research center. Encouraging people to embrace and explore the problem, and provide different creative and practical solutions.

This concept is integrated in the barrier as a knowledge center, programmed as a educational and experimental

Illustration 52.1: Concept development of enlightenment

CONCLUSION Large scale - great potential The project develops a holistic design concept working in different scales. The project uses scales to representation spatial differences in terms of built environment, landscape and mobility.

Landscape is used as both a structural dyke and a medium for rethinking the urban setting - in the small scale regarding biodiversity and human interaction with nature, and in larger scale by preserving nature.

The flood protector is situated on border zones and the programs related to the flood protector will refine the border as a meeting point for interaction, recreation and movement, rather than a divider.

Though most of the industry is preserved, this project creates accessibility implying the possibilities for further transformation and urban development on the harbor peninsula. The accessibility will expand the public domain in Vejle â&#x20AC;&#x201C; the area in which citizens move and interact within the city. Social and public spaces are placed within the industrial area creating a new identity from non-place to a place within the city. This approach can be defined as mental planning. The development tendency is that the industry slowly is replaced by living areas. The mental planning approach will give the citizens time to adapt to this development.

The variation and placement of programs along the protector increases the accessibility and invites a divers user group to the areas. Simultaneously, the programs contributes to natural and social sustainability by creating a network of public spaces along the flood protection - flexible and adaptive to changing environments and processes within the temporary city. The flood protector change appearance along the structure and can be experienced as infrastructure, architecture, urban spaces and landscape. Infrastructure is used to connect the areas along the harbor and connect the harbor with the city.

By embracing different scales the project has a capability to affect the environment and add value for the citizens, nature and for future Vejle.

PRESENTATION

This chapter will present the final design proposal through diagrams, site plans, master plans, sections and renders.

MASTERPLAN SCALE: 1:5000 Numbers refering to sections

SITEPLAN

WORST CASE SCENARIO FLOODING 100 YEAR EVENT IN 2100 SCALE: 1:5000

MARINA

PROGRAMMING

PEOPLES KITCHEN

FARMING

HARBOUR BATH

PEOPLES KITCHEN

MARINA

PEOPLES KITCHEN

FARMING

KINDERGARDEN

GAMES

FARMING GAMES SPORT

KINDERGARDEN

INDUSTIAL DOCK

SPORT

KINDERGARDEN

URBAN FARMING

GAMES

PEOPLES KITCHEN INDUSTIAL DOCK

BIKE PASSAGE

HARBOURBATH

SPRAWLING VEGETATION

HARBOUR

MARINA

SPORT

LOUNGE

MARINA PEOPLES

SPRAWLING VEGETATION ‘TOWER OF ENLIGHTMENT’ INDUSTIAL DOCK

FARMING

LOUNGE

GAMES PARKOUR

KINDERGA

INDUSTRIAL DOCK

‘TOWER OF ENLIGHTMENT’

GAMES

SKATEING

VIEWPOINT SPORT

FISHING

SPRAWLING VEGETATION

INDUSTIA

WILDLIFE

VIEWPOINT

HOUSE OF ENLIGHTMENT

SPRAWLIN

‘TOWER OF ENLIGHTMENT’ BIKE PASSAGE

WILDLIFE

VIEWPOINT

‘TOWER O

VIEWPOIN

SPRAWLING VEGETATION

WILDLIFE

VIEWPOINT BIKE PASSAGE

FISHING

WILDLIFE

BIKE PASS

FISHING

WILDLIFE FISHING

LOUNGE

BIKE PASSAGE

LOUNGE

BIKE PASSAGE

CONCRETE WA

LOUNGE

ELEVATED CON

ELEVATED DIKE

FLIP-UP FLOOD

FISHING

DRY FLOOD PR

CONCRETE WALL

SLUICE

ELEVATED SUR

CONCRETE WALL WITH FURNITURE

ELEVATED CONCRETE PATH WITH STAIRS

LOUNGE CONCRETE WALL CONCRETE WALL WITH FURNITURE

ELEVATED CONCRETE PATH WITH STAIRS

ELEVATED CONCRETE PATH WITH FUNITURE

LEGEND

ELEVATED DIKE WITH PATH

FLIP-UP FLOOD BARRIER

DRY FLOOD PROOFED BUILDINGS WITH FLIP-UP BARRIERS

CONCRETE WALL

ELEVATED DIKE WITH PATH

CONCRETE WALL WITH FURNITURE

FLIP-UP FLOOD BARRIER

SLUICE

ELEVATED CONCRETE PATH WITH STAIRS

DRY FLOOD PROOFED BUILDINGS WITH FLIP-UP BARRIERS

ELEVATED SURFACE

ELEVATED CONCRETE PATH WITH FUNITURE

SLUICE

ELEVATED DIKE WITH PATH ELEVATED SURFACE

ELEVATED CONCRETE PATH WITH FUNITURE

FLIP-UP FLOOD BARRIER

DRY FLOOD PROOFED BUILDINGS WITH FLIP-UP BARRIERS

Illustration 60.1: Programming concept

URBAN DWELLINGS

Co-living and self-sustainable

Three types of dwellings are introduced; dwellings as a barrier and dwellings on the condition of nature - either floodable or flooting. These dwelling areas invites families, young and elderly to live together and share facilities. The living areas aim to create small communities by creating an enriching interaction between housing and agriculture with the help of resident involvement in the operation. In our current system, food travels hundreds of kilometers to reach the consumer. This transport emits big amounts of CO2, which have a negative influence on the climate. This living area produce vegetables, egg and some meet itself and makes therefor a smaller ecological footprint. The residents contribute to the community with a few hours of work each week. Furthermore, it invites single parents to live with other single parents or live with an elderly. It invites young to live with elderly. In such way, the housing areas aim to mix people and meet loneliness.

The calculated amount of people are 112 per hectar for the new living area. In the city center of Vejle the number is approximate 70. The project encourage people to share and live closer and creatting a higher density in a local perspective. The masterplan (page 56) shows how the density decrease near the water and the nature is invited to take over instead. This create the possibility to live dense and near nature. By planning for this diversity, the project creates an area where the daily functions are nearby.

Protective

Floodable

Graduating princip Graduating fromGraduating princip from princip from controlled urban controlled farming controlled urban to farming urbantofarming to uncontrolled uncontrolled nature. Inviting uncontrolled nature. Inviting nature. Inviting the nature and the living nature onthe and its nature living and on its living on its premises. premises. premises. From high density From to high low. From density high todensity low. to low.

Illustration 61.1: Housing detail

Floatable

Graduating princip from controlled urban farming to uncontrolled nature. Inviting the nature and living on its premises. From high density to low.

Graduating principle from controlled urban farming to uncontrolled nature. Inviting the nature and living on its premises. Mix of high and low density

Illustration 62.1

SECTION 1: HARBOR BATH SCALE: 1:200 63

Illustration 64.1

SECTION 2: PUBLIC / PRIVATE RELATION SCALE: 1:200 64

Illustration 66.1

SECTION 3: URBAN FARMING SCALE: 1:200 67

Illustration 68.1

SECTION 4: INFRASTRUCTURAL NODE SCALE: 1:200 69

Illustration 70.1

SECTION 5: INDUSTRIAL DOCK SCALE: 1:200

Illustration 71.1: Industrial dock

Illustration 72.1

SECTION 6: TOWER OF ENLIGHTENMENT SCALE: 1:200 73

Illustration 74.1: Render floatable houses

Illustration 76. 1: Section: open sluice, scale: 1:500

Illustration 76. 2:

SECTION 7: CLOSED SLUICE SCALE: 1:200 77

Illustration 78.1: Render, Tower of Enligthenment during storm

Illustration 80.1: Render, floadable houses

Illustration 82.1: Render, community spirit

Infrastructural

Publi c Parki n

path

Play

Chick

Comm

unity

table

amph

istair

Comm

unity

storm

barrie

Illustration 84.1: Barrier housing during flood

kitch

d gre

enho

use

Wate r sto

rage

PLAN ZOOM SCALE: 1:200

EVALUATION

The final chapter is a summary of the report consisting of the conclusion and reflection.

CONCLUSION Vejle are experiencing challenges due to demographic and climatic changes, and the need for resilient solutions is present. This project designs a flood protection system within the urban setting. The group noticed a potential in creating a flood protection functioning as a connection of infrastructure and public spaces when placed close to the harbor front. By merging the flood protection system with surplus value for people influencing the surrounding city. Thereby changing the perception of a flood barrier as a wall. The groups perception of the examined theory was implemented by design in different scales. The urban landscape and fabric are equally important and dependent on each other when constructing urban areas as Pollak states it. Both Gehl and Kriers theories scope is to describe good livable cities, but they are describing the problem and solutions in different scales. The living area designed in the project utilizes a co-living strategy for densify to stregthen the social sustainability. Surplus space allow nature to grow making long-term development on the premise of nature. Urban design can facilitate a sustainable development when designing for urban farming, livable cityscape, information to the people and green infrastructure. This project explores aspects how urban design can be used to create resilience.

REFLECTION A flood protector protect economical, social and cultural value within the city but does not adapt to the behavior of nature. Though the protector might not last for every possible flood scenario the economical og non-monetary benefits will surpass the construction cost adding safety and surplus value in terms of public functions to the city of Vejle. The nature is constantly changing and the past decades indicates reveals great climatic changes such as floodings and extreme rains events as this projectâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s attempt to adapt to. The barrier solves the problems on a local scale and for contemporary predictions of rain events and water rise. In worst case scenarios the protection will secure Vejle against 100 years flooding event but what if greater events appears? One can hardly imagine more extreme scenarios than scenarios predicted to happen ones every 100 years. Despite the challenge, this design proposal has developed adaptive living areas capable of changing when extreme weather events do happen.

ronment of nature - not to force a certain change but in order to enlighten and improve urban life in Vejle. The project works on a conceptual level and does not go into the depth with the design solutions. For example could it have been interesting to develop well defined plan for the future of the industrial area. In terms of how the nature will develop and what opportunities it creates to live with nature. In terms of further development is might be interesting to explore the potentials in creating a transformations plan for the preserved industrial area - how can industrial conversion be integrated within the city of Vejle? Is it possible to reuse and reprogramme former industry into a modern, adaptive and sustainable neighborhood within the city. The greatest potential and challenge is the location - surrounded by water and scenic hills within the city.

This project transform one of the most attractive location on the harbourfront from industry into a natural landscape containing buildings with the ability to adapt in case of floodings and rising sea level. This is a rather untraditional transformation based on a green sustainable future of Vejle with the potential of becoming a leading resilient city, not focusing upon potential economic benefits. Alternatively, this project focus on implement a mental adaptiveness and respect for the changing envi-

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ILLUSTRATION LIST Illustration 8.1: Ortophoto of Vejle page 8 Illustration 10.1: Vejle, location page 10 Illustration 11.1: Phases in the integrated design process page 11 Illustration 12.1: Flooding in Vejle page 12 Illustration 13.1: Timeline of floodings in Vejle page 13 Illustration 14.1: Population growth in Vejle page 14 Illustration 17.1: private boat marina page 17 Illustration 19.1: concent and size of Krier’s urban quarter page 19 Illustration 20.1: cities for people, Gehl page 20 Illustration 21.1: Densification benefits page 21 Illustration 22.1: City as an ecosystem page 22 Illustration 23.1: Greenery in urban setting, Vejle page 23 Illustration 24.1: water cycle page 24 Illustration 26.1: The mole, Vejle page 26 Illustration 29.1: site specific analysis page 29 Illustration 30.1: perceptive mapping of coastal neighbourhoods page 30 Illustration 31.1: Asmosphere in Vejle page 31 Illustration 32.1: new urban development, Vejle page 32 Illustration 33.1: Worst case scenario, “a perfect storm” page 33 Illustration 33.2: Cause / consequence diagram page 33 Illustration 34.1: Three alternative placements of storm surge barrier page 34 Illustration 35.1: Big U page 35 Illustration 35.1: Le Mur page 35 Illustration 36.1: Density in Vejle page 36 Illustration 37.1: Household development towards co-living page 37 Illustration 38.1 Placement of floodprotection page 38 Illustration 41.1: Concept development page 41 Illustration 43.1: Abstract display page 43 Illustration 44.1: Concept development page 44 Illustration 45.1: Water management concept page 45 Illustration 46.1: Ecology concept page 46 Illustration 47.1: Flora and fauna in Vejle page 47 Illustration 48.1: Mobility concept page 48 Illustration 49.1: Co-living page 49 Illustration 49.2: Resource circuit page 49 Illustration 49.3: design strategy for water resilient buildings page 49 Illustration 50.1: buildings as a flood barrier page 50 Illustration 50.2: plan scheme of barrier dwellings page 50 Illustration 51.1: concept development of floatable buildings page 51 Illustration 52.1 Concept development of enlightenment page 52 Illustration 57.1: Masterplan, Vejle page 57 Illustration 59.1: Flooding masterplan, Vejle page 50 Illustration 60.1: Programming concept page 60 Illustration 61.1: Housing detail page 61 Illustration 62.1: section, harbour bath page 62 Illustration 64.1: section, public private relation page 64 Illustration 66.1: section, urban farming page 66 Illustration 68.1: section, infrastructural node page 68 Illustration 70.1: section, industry page 70 93

Illustration 71.1: render, industrial duck page 71 Illustration 72.1: section, Tower of Enlightenment page 72 Illustration 74.1: render, floatable houses page 74 Illustration 76.1: section, open sluice page 76 Illustration 76.2: section, closed sluice page 76 Illustration 78.1: render, Tower of Enlightenment during storm page 78 Illustration 80.1: render, floatable houses page 80 Illustration 82.1: community spirit page 82 Illustration 84.1: plan zoom, barrier houses during flooding page 84