ARCHITECTURAL CONSERVATION (ARC 60703)
PROJECT 2: PROPOSAL FOR ADAPTIVE REUSE
A GROUP WORK BY: GOH TZE JUNE 0327511 HABEEBAH ZAINAB SAYED HOSSEN 0327492 HOR XEUT YIN 0327770 LAW ZHI CHANG 0323813 NUR DIYANAH ATHIRAH BT ABDUL KHALID 0326114 NURUL SAHIRA AQILAH SAMSUDIN 0325986
TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0
Acknowledgement
2.0
Introduction
3.0
Preliminary Investigation on the Sacred Heart Chapel
4.0
5.0
6.0
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3.1
Historical Background
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3.2
Site Context
3.3
Former Spatial Configuration & Functions
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Dilapidation Survey 4.1
External Dilapidations ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------07
4.2
Internal Dilapidations
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Proposal for Adaptive Reuse: Heritage Restaurant with Art Exhibition Spaces 5.1
Introduction
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5.2
Precedent Studies 5.2.1
The Granary, Kuching ----------------------------------------------------------------------19 - 20
5.2.2
Chinahouse, Georgetown
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5.3
Proposed Spatial Configurations & Functions
5.4
Spatial Aesthetics
5.5
Summary
References
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1.0 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT We would like to thank each other for putting in full effort to complete this report. Without any one of us, this report will not be completed. Well done guys! You all are amazing and did a really good job.
We would also like to thank our tutor Mr Azim for giving us valuable advices and suggestions about our project. We really appreciate his patience and guidance throughout the whole project.
2.0 INTRODUCTION “What we need is continuity . . . historic preservation is not sentimentality but a psychological necessity. We must learn to cherish history and to preserve worthy old buildings . . . we must learn how to preserve them, not as pathetic museum pieces, but by giving them new uses.� Ada Louise Huxtable Lessons In Healing the City’s Scars
Heritage-led regeneration through reuse presents an opportunity to encourage the enhancement and protection of both the existing built heritage and the wider historic building stock. Part of that protection will encompass renovation and renewal in order to accommodate new and current uses, which in turn should enhance the longevity of the structures concerned. A growing number of cities are pioneering holistic and policy strategies to reduce and rehabilitate their vacant or underutilized historic industrial buildings. The opportunity to reuse outdated facilities in the urban core supports sustainability and smart growth initiatives designed to focus redevelopment in inner cities in an effort to decrease urban sprawl. As an alternative to our ever-increasing throw-away society, adaptive reuse offers a sustainable building site with existing infrastructure and materials.
Historic buildings help define the character of our communities by providing a tangible link with the past. Today, historic districts around the country are experiencing unprecedented revitalization as cities use their cultural monuments as anchors for redevelopment. Sometimes, efforts to preserve and revitalize historic buildings run up against financial obstacles, restrictive zoning and codes, contamination, and structural problems that create challenges in reusing these unique structures. Fortunately, there are several planning tools and financial incentives available to make the adaptive reuse of industrial buildings more economically feasible. Industrial buildings will always have added costs associated with their reuse, but if anticipated early on, can be successfully dealt with through some careful planning and creativity. 2
3.0 PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION ON THE SACRED HEART CHAPEL 3.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND The Sacred Heart Chapel is a Roman Catholic chapel located at 133, Jalan Tengkera, 75200 Melaka, Malaysia. The history of its existence is mainly due to its connection to the state of Malacca as well Jalan Tengkera, which was also known as Tranqeurah Road back in the colonial era.
In the 1860s, the British granted a lease of 99 years for a plot of land on Jalan Tengkera for a religious building to be built. The Sacred Heart Chapel‟s construction started in the year of 1875 or 1876, and, its construction was completed in 1877 to serve the large Catholic Eurasian community residing along the main road of Jalan Tengkera as well as in Tranquerah Pantai One and Two, Captain Lane and Dato Manilla Lane. The decision to build a Catholic chapel along the road was not only to serve the local community, but also to reduce the hassle of the community to travel long distances to Saint Peter’s Church, Malaysia‟s first functioning Roman Catholic Church.
The chapel was first administered by Saint Peter’s Church, which was under the jurisdiction of the Bishop of Macau. Since then, the building played a significant role to represent the identity of the Portuguese- Eurasian community and their faith in the Sacred Heart of Jesus. The Sacred Heart Chapel initially functioned as a religious center for the Portuguese-Eurasians, and later it served Roman Catholics of other races.
Children’s Religious Classes were normally held on Saturdays and religious services were held on Sundays as well as major Christian Feast Days. The chapel served its function for a period of 100 years, until the 1960s. It wasn‟t until the 1970s, when the lease expired and the Sacred Heart Chapel was forced to be returned to state ownership. However, the state government refused to grant them a renewal of the lease despite the appeals that were made to extend it. By that time as well, the local community started to decrease as they moved elsewhere for better job opportunities. This caused the chapel to be abandoned and its conditions deteriorated.
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3.0 PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION 3.1 HISTORICAL BACKGROUND 1860S
British granted a lease of 99 years for a plot of land on Jalan Tengkera for a religious building to be built.
1875 / 76 - 1877
Construction period
1870S The lease expired and the Sacred Heart Chapel was forced to be returned to state ownership.
2016
The land of the Sacred Heart Chapel was purchased by Beauty Garden Homes Sdn. Bhd, preservation and conservation works started.
2017
Restoration works scheduled to finish.
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3.0 PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION 3.2 SITE CONTEXT Based on the diagram below, the 4 shophouses at the southeast direction of the Sacred Heart Chapel are shophouses designed using the early shophouse style. As such, it can be concluded that these shophouses were constructed during the period of 1800 to the 1850s, which is before the construction of the Sacred Heart Chapel.
Moreover, the 2 shophouses at the northwest direction of the chapel were designed using the early transitional style. As such, in can be concluded that these shophouses were constructed during the period of 1840 – 1900s, which is before the construction of the Sacred Heart Chapel.
As the Sacred Heart Chapel was constructed after the completion of the row of shophouses on both its sides, it can be concluded that the physical characteristics of the chapel were affected by the physical characteristics of the shophouses. Considerations were made during the design stage of the chapel to allow it to fit perfectly into the surrounding context. Hence, the chapel’s height is almost similar to the surrounding shophouses.
)Rather than overpowering the built environment around it, the Sacred Heart Chapel respects the site context by maintaining the skyline of Jalan Tengkera. The rhythm created by the shophouses’ roofline was not interrupted, however, it was maintained as the chapel’s height was designed to be almost similar to its surrounding. This results in a consistent flow of skyline, and, as such, a sense of harmony was created, which allows the Sacred Heart Chapel to relate to its context in a humble and fashionable manner.
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3.0 PRELIMINARY INVESTIGATION 3.3 FORMER SPATIAL CONFIGURATION & FUNCTIONS The spaces within the chapel are organized in a linear manner. The spaces in the chapel start with the narthex, followed by the nave (with the aisle in the centre), the sanctuary and lastly the sacristy. The linear arrangement of spaces allows a continuous movement within the chapel in a sequential manner from the front door to the sanctuary, optimizing the flow of the worshipers within the building. The linear shape of the building’s plan also ensures that the vision of the users is focused on the altar, ensuring that it becomes the focal point of attention within the building.
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4.0 DILAPIDATION SURVEY 4.1 EXTERNAL DILAPIDATIONS - MAIN DOOR Materials Used : BATTENED, LEDGED AND TIMBER FRAMED DOOR
The damage around the main door area of the chapel: -
There is no door
-
The arch is in state of dilapidation
-
Exposed bricks because of the scrapped wall
Remedial Works : 1.
Remove the defective previous door
2.
Replace the old rusty T-hinge
3.
Replace with the new timber door
4.
Spread the concrete to cover the exposed bricks
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4.0 DILAPIDATION SURVEY 4.2 EXTERNAL DILAPIDATIONS (NAVE) - INTERIOR WALL Materials Used : DUTCH BRICKS
The damage area for the interior wall: -
The cracks that formed around the side wall
-
Exposed bricks shown
-
The faded paint makes the wall looks shabby
Remedial Works : 1.
Clean the wall if there is any debris or unwanted dust
2.
Use notch trowel to spread cement mortar for the exposed bricks
3.
Repaint the wall into desire colours to suit the function of the building
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4.0 DILAPIDATION SURVEY 4.2 EXTERNAL DILAPIDATIONS (NAVE) - STAIRCASE Materials Used : TIMBER STAIRCASE
The damage area for the staircase: -
The materials for the stairs has worn out
-
There are some part of the stairs that missing
-
Colour of the wood has faded away
-
The worn out materials makes the stairs dangerous to climb out
Remedial Works : 1.
Remove the all the structure of the old staircase
2.
Construct the new structure use same timber materials
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4.0 DILAPIDATION SURVEY 4.2 EXTERNAL DILAPIDATIONS (NAVE) - WINDOWS Materials Used : TIMBER POINTED ARCH FRAME & STAINED GLASS
The damage area for the windows: -
The materials for the window has worn out
-
There are some part of the louvers are missing
-
Some of the stained glass are broke and some part of it are missing
-
The walls area around the windows look shabby
Remedial Works : 1.
Take out the old timber window and stained glass
2.
Replace with the new timber window
3.
Replace the stained glass
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4.0 DILAPIDATION SURVEY 4.2 EXTERNAL DILAPIDATIONS (NAVE) - SIDE DOORS Materials Used : TIMBER POINTED ARCH FRAME & STAINED GLASS
The damage area for the side doors: -
The timber door has worn out
-
The colour condition of the door look shabby
-
Cracks are formed around the arch of the doors
-
The door is still in good condition but it cannot be tightly close
Remedial Work : 1.
Remove the previous defective door
2.
Replace the rusty butt hinge and install new timber door
3.
The exposed cracks of the wall are covered with cement and repaint it
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4.0 DILAPIDATION SURVEY 4.2 EXTERNAL DILAPIDATIONS (NAVE) - TILES Materials Used : Terracotta tiles
The damage area for the side doors: -
There are some part of the tiles is good condition and some part that is not
-
Cracks are formed around the tiles and some even fell off
-
Shabby condition
Remedial Works: 1.
Remove the defective terracotta tiles by shattering it with hammer
2.
Remove the tiles chips and debris
3.
Use notch trowel to spread the cement on the replacement tiles
4.
New installation of the terracotta tiles with dimension of 350mm x 350mm
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4.0 DILAPIDATION SURVEY 4.2 EXTERNAL DILAPIDATIONS (ALTAR AREA) - PULPIT Materials Used : BRICKS & PLASTER
The damage area for the pulpit: -
Half part of the pulpit is fall of from the wall
-
The steps for the pulpit is in dilapidation state
-
Cracks formed around the bottom part of the pulpit, this makes the pulpit fall of from the wall
Remedial Works : 1.
The cracks formed on the bottom of pulpit need to be filled with mortar and replace the tiles with the new one
2.
The tiles on the step also need to be replace and plaster
3.
The pulpit need to be push and lean it back to the wall
4.
The cracks on the pulpit need to be covered by plaster
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4.0 DILAPIDATION SURVEY 4.2 EXTERNAL DILAPIDATIONS (ALTAR AREA) - ALTAR Materials Used : BRICKS , PLASTER & TERRACOTTA TILES
The damage area for the altar: -
The condition of the altar is really shabby, however, is still stable
-
Degrading colour and some part of the altar already falls
-
The tiles around the front of the altar are not in good condition
-
Steps to the top of the altar are still in good use
Remedial Works : 1.
Replace the tiles around the front of the altar
2.
The cracks part on the altar need to cover with plaster
3.
Repaint the altar to give altar a new condition look
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4.0 DILAPIDATION SURVEY 4.2 EXTERNAL DILAPIDATIONS (BACK ROOM) - BACK DOOR Materials Used : DUTCH BRICKS
The damage area for the back door: -
Cracks formed around the arch of the door, scraped paint and shabby condition
-
There is no door
-
Plants starting to grow around the cracks area
-
Unused materials are thrown on this area and obstruct the people from go in
Remedial Works: 1.
Get rid of all the unwanted materials and pluck all the small plants
2.
Replace the rusty hinge with the new one and install new door
3.
The big part of the crack are filled with different types of mortar
4.
Lay the dutch brick to fill up the crack and repaint the wall
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4.0 DILAPIDATION SURVEY 4.2 EXTERNAL DILAPIDATIONS (BACK ROOM) - WINDOW Materials Used : Timber
The damage area for the windows -
There is no frame for the window, missing louvers, some part of the window are even vandalised
-
There are small plants starting to grow around the windows crack
-
There are a lot of shrubs and unwanted materials are put around the windows
Remedial Works : 1.
Remove all the unwanted materials and small plants around the window frame
2.
Remove the old defective window cover
3.
Replace the rusty old hinge with the new one
4.
Replace with the new timber window
5.
Repaint the surrounding part of the wall
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5.1 INTRODUCTION
Sacred Heart Chapel is to be converted into a Portuguese Heritage Restaurant with Exhibition & Performance Spaces for the following reasons.
1.
Cultural Legacy
The Chapel was built by Portuguese officials after Melaka was conquered in 1511. It is a living testimony of the impact of their arrival in this town. Revamping the church into a Portuguese restaurant would commemorate all the development executed by the Portuguese during their brief rule over Melaka,
Buildings built by the Portuguese during their conquest
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2. Location
The church is found a mere 5 minutes walk away from Jonker street and the highly touristic hotspot will definitely draw many people to the restaurant. Not only does this guarantee the education of tourists on the past of Melaka but it would also profit neighbouring businesses; or sprout new ones.
3. The Kristang People
To promote settlement, the King of Portugal granted freeman status and exemption from Crown taxes to Portuguese men (known as casados, or "married men") who ventured overseas and married local women. With Albuquerque's encouragement, mixed marriages flourished and some 200 were recorded by 1604. By creating families, the Portuguese men would make more settled communities, with families whose children would be Catholic and loyal to the Crown.
The restaurant could be a place where their traditional meals are cooked and shared for visitors to have an insight in their lifestyle.
Path from Sacred Heart Chapel to Jonker Street
Traditional Portuguese Dance
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5.2 PRECEDENT STUDIES 5.2.1 THE GRANARY, KUCHING Once a neglected old warehouse used to store grains, it has been given a new life after its conversion into a restaurant and bar. Serving well as a warehouse for decades, the building was dilapidated but had aged beautifully in a manner that added an amount of characteristic and charm to it.
By fate and chance, it was
discovered by the current owner and the beauty of the place starts to shine.
“The guiding concept was to breath new life into the building as a warehouse of art and culture” Ng Chee Wee, Architect Integrated Design Consultant
Designed as a warehouse, the building has a run-off-the-mill gable roof and boasts plenty of natural lighting the use of glass window all around. While the use of windows windows to harness lighting is nothing new, the cluster of windows nestled beneath the roof pitch is quite impressive as they are made up of awning windows which allow them to be opened and closed when needed, as opposed to skylights which are usually dead-fixed.
By conservation, the terms ‘reuse, recycle and repurpose’ can be applied to furniture, clothing and even buildings. Over the bar area, old wooden crates have taken the place of cabinetry to function as storage for bottles and glassware. The bar counter is decked with an aluminum top which is both functional and aesthetically pleasing as the metal blends in beautifully with the rest of the bar counter that is covered in recycled wood planks. The interesting mix of colour and texture gives a rather homey vibe due to its rugged look.
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5.2.1 THE GRANARY, KUCHING Whether reclaimed or new, wood is one of the elements that are used generously and the result is a warm and inviting space despite it being located in an industrial setting. Various furniture pieces such as tabletops and stools are fabricated from recycle wood, making them unique, as no two pieces look the same. Wooden crates that are generously used as a sort of railing between the split-levels also double up as display cabinets.
From abandoned dysfunctional warehouse to a bar and restaurant as well as multi-purpose event space. The Granary has come very far from its initial decrepit state and yet, it has not lost any of its identity. It is proof that old does not mean worthless or inept; with a little creativity and wit, progress can be achieved by giving the old a second chance at life.
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5.2 PRECEDENT STUDIES 5.2.2 CHINAHOUSE, GEORGETOWN The Chinahouse is a traditional compound which is made up of 3 heritage buildings, linked together by an open air courtyard. The series of old shophouses were converted into new lively spaces comprising of shops, cafes, restaurants, galleries and a multi-purpose performance theatre.
The old-new conversion was carefully planned in order to preserve parts of the old building as much as possible, including tangible elements and intangible elements. The floorings, structures and many window and door panels were conserved in the process. Activities and functions of the spaces were redefined to suit the community and to rejuvenate the historical area of Georgetown through introducing the participation of the younger generation. This was achieved successfully through the redefinition of new functions for the heritage compound which brings together the community and also attracts visitors from all around Malaysia.
Starting at the entrance of 155 Beach St. George Street, the Chinahouse spans a 400ft until its other end at Victoria Street, which serves as its second entrance. Entering on Beach St. George Street, on the left is a cafe, a restaurant and a retail outlet. Further along is a reading room with magazines, books and CDs. There is also a kids’ books section and an area for colouring. Then appears a wine and single malt room followed by a private dining room available for rent to private chefs. Through a courtyard at the back, there is a little retail space. Next, there is an outdoor and indoor bar. On the first floor are two art galleries, the Loft apartment and artists’ accommodation. Upstairs at Victoria is a space with a 18ft high ceiling, a performance space for art, theatre , music, movies and comedy nights.
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5.2.2 CHINAHOUSE, GEORGETOWN ARTS PROGRAMME Aims to become an arts platform supported by a creative community. ChinaHouse is a space for the presentation of multiple art forms for the sharing of practice and the development of ideas. The programming is very diverse and will present works and events which are organized in house as well as collaborated with others.
ART SPACE I A gallery for curated exhibitions from KL.
ART SPACE II Used more for photography exhibition.
THE LOFT An apartment for visiting gallery owners, workshop coordinators, performers or friends who help on the arts projects.
ARTISTS’ DORM A bedroom and studio space for visiting artists, or a place for them to meet and chat.
UPSTAIRS AT VICTORIA A multipurpose performance space for Chinahouse’s own shows or for rental. It is tailored for theatre, art house films, comedy clubs, workshops, music or parties. 22
5.3 PROPOSED SPATIAL CONFIGURATIONS AND FUNCTIONS PORTUGUESE HERITAGE RESTAURANT In relation to the Church’s history, the restaurant will serve authentic Portuguese cuisines such as:
Cozido A Portuguesa: A stew of beef, chicken, sausages and some vegetables
Arroz de Pato: Duck rice cooked until meat is tender, simmered in red wine and oven toasted until the top is crispy. The rice absorbs the juices of the duck meat and is traditionally topped with sliced smoked sausages.
Bacalhau A Bras: Shredded cod fish sauteed in a pan with onions and straw fried potato. Finished with beaten eggs that cook as they join the pan, topped with parsley and black olives
EXHIBITION & PERFORMANCE SPACE Provides a platform for local artists to exhibit their works and serves as a communication hub between artists and visitors. Due to the Church’s location within a short walking distance to Jonker Street, huge traffics of tourists are expected. Therefore the space caters to their needs of understanding local heritage and cultures while providing a resting place for the sore footed.
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5.3 PROPOSED SPATIAL CONFIGURATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
RESTAURANT
BAR A bar will be built by the altar of the Church, with high tables and bar chairs surrounding the barista.
The main function of the Church after the proposed adaptive reuse plan is a Portuguese restaurant. The nave will be lined with tables and chairs while the side doors will be locked for safety purposes.
EXHIBITION SPACE
Upon entry, visitors are greeted with an exhibition space where local artists have a platform to exhibit their works. The space can also be transformed into a small theatre, a movie screening hall, a music performance theatre, workshops or stage comedy night shows. The performance stage may also serve as a platform for in house musicians to entertain restaurant guests.
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5.3 PROPOSED SPATIAL CONFIGURATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
KITCHEN
The former sanctuary will be converted into the kitchen for the restaurant.
DECK
The former choir area on the first floor of the Church can serve as a viewing platform when there are performances being held on the stage of the ground floor.
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5.4 SPATIAL AESTHETICS ELEMENTS TO PRESERVE:
Wooden Roof Frame: This is the element which encloses the whole structure and still makes it feel like a gathering space.
Stained Glass Windows: Most of the stained glass windows have resisted time. It is crucial to preserve them to retain the essence of the church and fit in new stained glass in the damaged regions.
Dutch Brick Walls: Most of the walls are in good condition; for aesthetic purposes, they can be further exposed.
Terracotta tiles: Terracotta flooring provides a rustic look that is hard to imitate. It will hold up to stains, moisture and scratches which is perfect for a restaurant.
Choir Deck: This raised platform will be used as a viewing deck for visitors.
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5.4 SUMMARY The built environment provides a footnote to our histories, helping to identify our places as Malaysian, rather than generically 'modern' or 'contemporary'. Historic buildings give us a glimpse of our past and lend character to our communities as well as serving practical purposes now.
In the pursuit of sustainable development, communities have much to gain from adaptively reusing historic buildings. Bypassing the wasteful process of demolition and reconstruction alone sells the environmental benefits of adaptive reuse. Environmental benefits, combined with energy savings and the social advantage of recycling a valued heritage place make adaptive reuse of historic buildings an essential component of sustainable development.
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6.0 REFERENCES http://www.thegranary.my/
https://www.getteaspoon.com/en/blog/191/the-rustic-hidden-gem-of-kuching-city-the-granary-wayang-street
http://www.chinahouse.com.my/
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ORTHOGONAL DRAWINGS OF THE SACRED HEART CHAPEL