2023 LC Planner - Primary

Learning Curve Primary Planner

www.learningcurve.com.au

BUILDING MY BEST SELF TO BECOME A YOUNG PERSON WHO MATTERS

Being with other people is the best way to enjoy positive emotions and to build your and their wellbeing. Eye contact, a smile, a hello, a kind word and actively listening creates healthy and respectful relationships. Your wellbeing is healthy when you feel positive and hopeful about today and your future, because you know that you are working towards building your best self.

What do I expect from myself at school and at home?

What is a choice that I need to make to do this, and who can help me?

I choose to:

use I can and I will self-talk to overcome challenges.

look forward to doing something positive every day.

do good to feel good and feel good to do good.

be grateful for good things that happen in my life.

Character

There are eight character strengths weeks throughout the year to enjoy exploring together. You, your class and family can draw, describe in words or role play how you could use one of the strengths to build your wellbeing and respectful relationships.

The order of these weeks are: Curiosity, Leadership, Gratitude, Teamwork, Love of Learning, Kindness, Perseverance, Zest. The Curiosity Week sheet is on page 125.

Activity sheets and award certificates can be downloaded from Individual Resources at www.learningcurve.com.au

“We know what we are but know not what we may be.” Shakespeare

GRATITUDE

Acknowledgement: Sonja Lyubomirsky & Tal Ben Shahar

Character Strengths: Your best self as a young person

This Lesson: WHY: for you to understand what character strengths are and that they are your personal best ways to do what you do. HOW: discover your strengths by doing the free Youth Survey at www.viacharacter org, and for each strength in the table below write where it was on the survey. You will have to ask your parents/teachers to help you register to do the survey.

Character Strengths are your own personal qualities which are your most effective ways to look at the world and to build your best self. There are 24 of them and you have your own special mix of them which you naturally use in your life. The strengths bring six virtues to life, which are: Wisdom, Courage, Humanity, Justice, Temperance and Transcendence. Google Tiffany Schlain to watch an enjoyable YouTube clip “Science of Character” to learn more about them.

Before you do the survey think about what your top eight strengths will be. My predictions are:

VIRTUES 24 CHARACTER STRENGTHS

WISDOM about your thinking and reasoning COURAGE about your spirit and confidence HUMANITY about your positive relationships JUSTICE about you being fair with others

CREATIVITY

Thinking and designing in original and novel ways

BRAVERY Doing what your mind says is right for you

LOVE

Being loving and feeling loved by others

TEAMWORK

Being loyal to and working well with others

CURIOSITY

Exploring and being interested in learning more

PERSEVERANCE

Persisting through challenges to finish

KINDNESS

Being generous and caring with others

JUDGEMENT

Thinking in open minded and critical ways

LOVE OF LEARNING

Enjoying mastering and learning new things

PERSPECTIVE

Making sense of what is happening

TEMPERANCE about being in charge of you TRANSCENDENCE about you having purpose and valuing others

APPRECIATION OF BEAUTY & EXCELLENCE

Feeling wonder and awe about special things

FORGIVENESS

Giving others a second chance

GRATITUDE

Being thankful for what you have in your life

HONESTY

Being true to your values

HUMILITY Letting achievements speak for you

HOPE

Feeling you can influence your future

ZEST Feeling full of energy and enthusiasm

FAIRNESS

Being just and kind with others

SOCIAL INTELLIGENCE

Knowing why others act and think in certain ways

LEADERSHIP

Bringing out the best in others

PRUDENCE

Being careful to not take silly risks

HUMOUR

Having fun, laughing and smiling

SELFREGULATION

Controlling your impulses and emotions

SENSE OF MEANING

Having a purpose larger than yourself

“You’ve always had the power my dear, you just had to learn it for yourself.” Glinda, Wizard of Oz

Acknowledgement and thanks to the VIA Institute. © 2014 VIA Institute. All Rights Reserved.

Strengths Backpack

WHY: for you to think about how well you are using each of your strengths as you are carrying them around in your make believe backpack, and for each of them set a target to aim for. HOW: write your top strengths in your backpack, write one word to describe something you could do for each of them, always be on the lookout to use them. Then have fun colouring your backpack.

This

“You

strong enough

Ain Eineziz

Your Mindset

This Lesson: WHY: for you to understand what your mindset is, and how you can move it positively towards growth. HOW: accept and believe that you can grow your brain’s abilities through challenging yourself to learn and try new approaches and adapting how you think for different situations.

Your mindset is about how much that you believe that you can do this and this varies between two extremes, fixed and growth. Where is your mindset most of the time?

FIXED >

GROWTH

Fear to try Courage to try

Fixed Mindset Self-Talk – I can’t improve my ability...

Effort = lack of ability

Not stretch myself to avoid mistakes

Mistakes show what I can’t do

Set easy comfort zone goals

Called Performance Goals

When is a time you surprised yourself by doing something that you didn’t think you could do?

WHICH STEP HAVE YOU REACHED TODAY ?

Yes, I did it ! I WILL DO IT I CAN DO IT I’LL TRY TO DO IT HOW DO I DO IT? I WANT TO DO IT I CAN’T DO IT I WON’T DO IT

Growth Mindset Self-Talk – I can and I will improve my ability...

Effort = growth of ability

Stretch myself to improve my abilities

Mistakes guide my learning

Set step by step challenging goals

Called Process Goals

When is a time you learned something new to fix a mistake and improved what you could do?

Performance And Process Goals

An example of a performance goal is: To feel ok in class, I will do what I can do easily to get them right, and leave the harder ones.

An example of a process goal is: To stretch myself in class I will look at which Habits of Mind are the best ways to think to fix my mistakes.

Set a process goal for each of these:

To improve my learning and thinking skills: I will

To be a good friend: I will

To choose something that I want to achieve for me: I will

Acknowledgement: Dweck, Ericsson, Anderson, Costa, Kellick

“Destiny is not a matter of chance, it is a matter of choice.” William Jennings Bryan

Term One Learning Goals

This Lesson: WHY: for you to set three goals this term, one for improving your learning and thinking skills in class, one for building your healthy friendships, and one for what you want to achieve for yourself. HOW: for each of your goals, think about and write down what you need to learn and who can help you. A team approach involving you, your parent/s and your teachers works best for everyone to share, care and celebrate. For any goal you set, you rarely start at zero or finish at the top of the scale. Mark where you think you are on the ladder at the start of the term, and where you think you can climb to over the term.

Term 1 Learning Goals – my pathways to building my best self

Goal One: About improving my learning and thinking skills in class: I will

Starting Target: Circle where I think I am now on achieving this goal 1 2 3 4 5

What do I need to learn and who can help me?

At end of Term circle where I think I can reach on this goal

Goal Two: About building healthy friendships: I will

2 3 4 5

Starting Target: Circle where I think I am now on achieving this goal 1 2 3 4 5

What do I need to learn and who can help me?

At end of Term circle where I think I can reach on this goal

Goal Three: About what I want to achieve for myself: I will

Starting Target: Circle where I think I am now on achieving this goal

What do I need to learn and who can help me?

At end of Term circle where I think I can reach on this goal

Sign Off! Me:

2 3 4 5

2 3 4 5

2 3 4 5

Date: / /

My Parent/Guardian: Date: / /

My Home Room/Form Teacher: Date: / /

Acknowledgement: Sheldon & Adams Miller

“What lies behind us and what lies before us are tiny matters, compared to what lies within us.” Ralph Waldo Emerson

Meaning + Purpose

Your Purpose

WHY: by having something in your life that you really want to make a positive difference to, such as helping others, you will be on the lookout to do little things to make it happen.

HOW: from little things, big things grow, so focus on doing them often to feel that you have a purpose in your life. Not having a purpose bigger than yourself to aim for, tends to drain the energy out of you; create a purpose.

Acknowledgement: Emmons, Frankl & Nakanishi

DO: What is something in your life that means a lot to you that you want to focus your efforts on?

Books Read This Week

Who is someone you admire that shows that they have a special purpose in their life?

What resilience skill can help you with Your Purpose? (pages 8-9)

Mindful Colouring In

The R’s of Attitude

Resilient Attitudes – mental toughness to stick at it, and handle frustration and confusion when things don’t go your way. When is a time that you were proud of how you used this attitude?

Which of your Trusted Champions can help you to develop this attitude?

Who was I kind to?

Acknowledgement: Guy Claxton

Wellbeing Fitness Challenge

This week enjoy doing Positive Body Language to build your wellbeing (page 116).

in how you did this week.

TO DO

Positive Emotions + Gratitude

Being Grateful

WHY: by choosing to be grateful for the special people in your life, and what you have, no matter how small, you will feel happier in yourself.

HOW: ignore the never ending advertising that you need more and more, say thank you for the kind things that other people do for you, and be thankful that you have the opportunity to go to a good school with your friends. Gratitude is a strength which brings out the best in everyone.

Acknowledgement: Emmons, McQuaid & Kern

DO: Who are three people that you should say thank you to?

What is a little thing done for you that you often take for granted, and what would happen if it wasn’t done for you?

What character strength can help you with Being Grateful? (page 6-7)

Mindful Maze

What is a good choice I made?

Books

Keeping Safe

One of your online connections, who seems nice, wants to meet you at the shopping centre on the weekend.

What can you do to keep safe?

Acknowledgement: Morcombe Foundation & ACARA 5&6 HPE

Wellbeing Tip

Be Sunsmart by wearing sunglasses, a broad brimmed hat, sunscreen and protective clothing.

Health + Strengths

Eustress and Distress

WHY: by understanding that there are two types of stress, good and not so good, you will be more aware of which you are feeling.

HOW: Eustress is energy building stress which makes you feel enthusiastic to do things. Distress is energy draining stress which makes you feel flat. When you recognise that you are starting to feel distress, begin using I can and I will self-talk or breathe deeply to think more positively. Eustress helps you to love learning.

Acknowledgement: McQuaid & Kern

DO: When is a time that you felt the pumped up feelings of eustress?

Books Read This Week

What I can and I will self-talk can you use if you were feeling distress from having problems with your friends?

Keeping Safe

Which resilience skill can help you with Eustress and Distress? (pages 8-9)

Mindful Colouring In

One of your online connections, who you chat with often, wants you to send information or pictures, that you would be embarrassed to show your family.

What can you do to keep safe?

What went well?

Acknowledgement: Morcombe Foundation & ACARA 5-6 HPE

Wellbeing Fitness Challenge

This week enjoy doing Emptying My Mind to build your wellbeing (page 117).

Check

in how you did this week.

TO DO

Term Two Learning Goals And Subject Reflections

This Lesson: WHY: for you to reflect on what you learned for each of your goals as you worked towards achieving them, and on your progress in each of your main subjects. HOW: In the left hand column, reflect on how far you reached towards achieving each of your three goals and what you learnt. In the right hand column, reflect on how well you went in each of your main subjects.

Reflections on my Term Two learning goals

1. What good things did I learn for this "learning and thinking skills goal" that I’m grateful for?

Reflections on my Subjects

Subject 1:

My effort: 1 2 3 4 5

My learning outcomes: 1 2 3 4 5

Subject 2:

Mark where you felt you reached towards achieving this goal: 1 2 3 4 5

2. What good things did I learn for this "building healthy friendships goal" that I’m grateful for?

My effort: 1 2 3 4 5

My learning outcomes: 1 2 3 4 5

Subject 3:

My effort: 1 2 3 4 5

My learning outcomes: 1 2 3 4 5

Mark where you felt you reached towards achieving this goal: 1 2 3 4 5

3. What good things did I learn for this "what I wanted to achieve for myself goal" that I’m grateful for?

Subject 4:

My effort: 1 2 3 4 5

My learning outcomes: 1 2 3 4 5

Subject 5:

My effort: 1 2 3 4 5

Mark where you felt you reached towards achieving this goal: 1 2 3 4 5

Sign Off! Me:

My Parent/Guardian:

My learning outcomes: 1 2 3 4 5

Date: / /

Date: / /

My Home Room/Form Teacher: Date: / /

Acknowledgement: Sheldon & Adams Miller

“It always seems impossible until it’s done.” Nelson Mandela

Term Three Learning Goals

This Lesson: WHY: for you to set three goals this term, one for improving your learning and thinking skills in class, one for building your healthy friendships, and one for what you want to achieve for yourself. HOW: for each of your goals, think about and write down what you need to learn and who can help you. A team approach involving you, your parent/s and your teachers works best for everyone to share, care and celebrate. For any goal you set, you rarely start at zero or finish at the top of the scale. Mark where you think you are on the ladder at the start of the term, and where you think you can climb to over the term.

Term Three Learning Goals – my pathways to building my best self

Goal One: About improving my learning and thinking skills in class: I will

Starting Target: Circle where I think I am now on achieving this goal

What do I need to learn and who can help me?

At end of Term circle where I think I can reach on this goal

Goal Two: About building healthy friendships: I will

Starting Target: Circle where I think I am now on achieving this goal

What do I need to learn and who can help me?

At end of Term circle where I think I can reach on this goal

Goal Three: About what I want to achieve for myself: I will

Starting Target: Circle where I think I am now on achieving this goal

What do I need to learn and who can help me?

At end of Term circle where I think I can reach on this goal

Sign Off! Me:

2

2

5

2

5

2

5

2 3 4 5

2

5

5

Date: / /

My Parent/Guardian: Date: / /

My Home Room/Form Teacher: Date: / /

Acknowledgement: Sheldon & Adams Miller

“Examine what is said, not he who speaks.” Arabian Proverb

Relationships + Empathy

Social Media

WHY: by using JOMO to ignore images on social media and avoid being the target of online bullying, you will enjoy being your unique self.

HOW: enjoy being with real people in real time who value you for you, not some pretend image. Every week, choose two positive personal descriptors (page 129) that you would like to act like, and practise using them. Use your strengths to give yourself time away from your phone to make the most of being you.

Acknowledgement: Greenfield & Hassed

DO: What are two Describing Yourself words (page129) that would you like to practise being like?

Books Read This Week

Why do you think that some people put pretend images of themselves on social media?

Which character strength can help you with Social Media? (pages 6-7)

Mindful Colouring In

Kindness Week

This week enjoy making a positive difference to other peoples’ lives, by creating activities using the character strength KINDNESS, to grow relationships with your family, friends and school community.

Was I creative?

Kindness for Strengths Week worksheet and Kindness Wellbeing Award are in Individual Resources on www.learningcurve.com.au

Wellbeing Tip

Always be honest with the person who you see in the mirror.

in how you did this week.

TO DO

Optional Enrichment

Wellbeing Fitness Challenges

This Lesson: WHY: for you to enjoy doing the Wellbeing Fitness Challenges to grow your wellbeing over the week HOW: read each challenge as a class to understand what you need to do every day to meet it. Then use your strengths to help yourself do them to feel full of positive emotions.

Being Curious

Every day focus your attention on discovering one new thing about yourself, your friends, your family, or your school. What are some new things that you learned this week?

Positive Body Language

This week choosing three Describing Yourself words to role model by using positive body language every day for each of them. What descriptors did you choose to role model?

Appreciation and Love

Making a list of the people and things that you treasure in your life and reading it every morning and every night. Who and what are you grateful for in your life?

Being Brave

Every day writing down something you did or said using your strengths to be brave. What is something brave you did or said that you are proud of?

Saying Sorry

Writing a letter to someone who you have upset, saying sorry and asking what you can do to make things right for them and then giving it to them. Who should you write a letter to?

Positive Wondering

When thinking about good things that have happened, wondering how they could have been even better. What is something that could have been even better?

“Imagination is more important than knowledge.” Albert Einstein

Acknowledgement: Rievich & Shatte

Optional Enrichment Lesson 2

Wellbeing Fitness Challenges

Following through on doing these challenges will see you growing your wellbeing to move towards building your best self.

Positive Messages

Every day sending a friend or a family member who is struggling a text saying that you are thinking about them. What is a kind text that you could send?

Delicious Feelings

Making a list of your five favourite feel good activities, and choosing to do one every day to love the life you live. What are your favourite feel good activities?

Acts of Kindness

Every day looking for opportunities to be kind to make others’ lives better and saying thank you when others do kind things for you. What are kind things that you did or received?

Interested Listening

When listening to someone share a story, when they begin to run out of words, ask them to Tell Me More about it. When is a time that you have done this, and what happened?

Positive Me Messages

Writing a list of five self-affirming I am, I can, I will, I choose messages about how you want to be and saying each one every morning. What are your positive me messages?

Emptying My Mind

Every morning writing down anything and everything that comes into your head for five minutes, to clear your mind. What is something funny that you wrote down?

Acknowledgement: Rievich & Shatte

“Being deeply loved gives you strength; loving deeply gives you courage.” Lao Tzu

Trusted Champions

This Lesson: WHY: for you to ask four adults who you trust, to be your champions when you need help or advice HOW: choose adults to be your Trusted Champions who you know believe in you and who will never give up on you.

When you have problems that are too big for you to handle on your own, when you feel unsafe or when you are uncertain of things and want someone to listen to you, they will always be there for you.

Draw a picture of or stick a photo in of each of your champions.

Champion One

Ask your champions how they became the people they are today.

Asking for help is a true sign of strength. Are there things you should share?

Champion Four Champion Two

Self-talk is a great way to practise saying what you will say to ask your champions to listen.

Picture Of You Or Draw Yourself

Champion Three

“From little things, big things grow.” Paul Kelly

Nothing will shock your champions, because they care for you. They will always listen.

Acknowledgement: Rita Pierson

Optional Enrichment

A Champion Interview

This Lesson: WHY: for you to interview one of your Trusted Champions to learn how they became who they are today HOW: Ask one of them if you can interview him or her, and before the interview think about the strengths and qualities that you admire in this person; create two of your own questions about this.

To build your best self, it makes sense to learn from people that you admire.

Interviewee's name:

Interviewer: I would like to interview you because I admire you and wish to learn how you became who you are today. I admire you because

What is a time in your life when things didn’t go the way you wanted them to go and what mistakes did you make?

Did the experience ever make you feel like giving up? How did you overcome these feelings, and what positive self-talk and strengths did you use to help you?

What did you learn from these experiences?

How did these things help you to become who you are today?

End of interview: I appreciate you sharing with me how you became who you are today, thank you.

What did I learn about this person I admire?

What did I learn about how to overcome challenges when things don’t go my way?

ACTION: What is one thing I will start doing in my life from now on?

“The important thing is to not stop questioning. Curiosity had its own reason for existing.” Albert Einstein

Acknowledgement: Gable & Emmons

Optional Enrichment Lesson

Asking for Help

This Lesson: WHY: for you to learn who are the right people to connect with and ask for help with different problems that you may have HOW: to be prepared to ask for help when you need it, write down what you can say to ask for help from different people and practise saying them to yourself.

Problems don’t go away on their own. There are some that you can solve on your own, some that your friends can help you with, and there are others that you need your Trusted Champions to help you with.

What is a problem that you have solved on your own and how did you do it? What is a strength you used?

What is a problem that you could have that you would need help with to solve, but are unsure who you would ask to help you?

What is a problem that a friend helped you to solve and how did they help you? What is a strength you used?

What is a problem that you helped a friend to solve and how did you help them? What is a strength you used?

What did you say to ask your friend to help you?

What did your friend say to ask you to help them?

What is a problem that your Trusted Champions helped you to solve and how did they help you? What is a strength you used?

When is a time that you tried to ignore a problem that you had, and what did you learn?

What did you say to ask your Trusted Champions to help you?

Who ended up helping you to solve the problem, and what did you say to ask them?

Acknowledgement: Seligman & Peterson

“A problem shared is a problem halved.” Katie M John

Enrichment

Your Roles in Life

This Lesson: WHY: for you to think about the different roles that you are expected to take in your life HOW: think about the following three roles and practise doing what is described for each of them every day. You have a number of different life roles as a family member, a student and a community member, which require you to use your strengths in a variety of ways. The most important thing to remember, is to be totally honest with the person you see in the mirror every morning.

At school as a student, knowing how to:

• Listen, question and learn

• Think in different ways

• Be friendly and welcoming

What is something else that I can do?

At home as a family member, knowing how to:

• Live by my family’s values

• Be caring and loving

ME

AT HOME AS A FAMILY MEMBER

• Help my family with jobs

What is something else that I can do?

ME

TOTAL PACKAGE ME AT SCHOOL AS A STUDENT ME IN COMMUNITY AS A YOUNG PERSON

In the community as a young person, knowing how to:

• Build respectful relationships

• Give and share to help

• Act in positive ways

What is something else that I can do?

From “Describing Yourself” page 129 choose one word for each of your roles:

As a family member

As a student

As a community member

“It takes as much energy to wish as it does to plan.” Eleanor Roosevelt

Acknowledgement: Sonja Lyubomirsky

Habits of Mind: Your best self as a student

RESPONDING WITH WONDERMENT AND AWE

Showing that you are excited, surprised and passionate when exploring new things. Looking forward to learning with curiosity. When is a time that you were proud of how you were excited by what you learnt?

THINKING INTERDEPENDENTLY

Sharing learning energy with others in groups. Understanding that combining thinking power achieves much more. When is a time that you were proud of how were part of a group which achieved something special?

How often: Usually Sometimes Not Yet

TAKING RESPONSIBLE RISKS

Leaving your comfort and safe zone to welcome challenges. Exploring the unknown and being prepared to make mistakes. When is a time that you were proud of how you improved your understanding by fixing your mistakes?

How often: Usually Sometimes Not Yet

REMAINING OPEN TO CONTINUOUS LEARNING

Searching for better ways to learn and do things. Seeing challenges as opportunities to grow your abilities. When is a time that you were proud of how you were willing to learn more?

How often: Usually Sometimes Not Yet

FINDING HUMOUR

Laughing and having fun learning with others. Enjoying feel good brain chemicals which come from humour. When is a time that you were proud of how felt happy and valued when having fun?

How often: Usually Sometimes Not Yet

THE RIGHT THING TO DO IS NEARLY ALWAYS THE HARD THING TO DO

To build the person who you want to become, choose to do what your mind tell you is the right thing to do for you. When is a time that you were proud of how you listened to your mind?

How often: Usually Sometimes Not Yet

How often: Usually Sometimes Not Yet

“Ask the experienced rather than the learned.” Arabic Proverb

Acknowledgement: Art Costa & Bena Kallick

Maths Tables

This Lesson: WHY: for you to improve how well you know your tables HOW: practise saying and writing down your tables every day and each night ask your family to test you.

To develop good number skills it is necessary to know your tables. It’s never too late to learn them, only too early to give up.

TWOS

1 x 2 = 2 2 x 2 = 4 3 x 2 = 6 4 x 2 = 8 5 x 2 = 10 6 x 2 = 12 7 x 2 = 14 8 x 2 = 16 9 x 2 = 18 10 x 2 = 20 11 x 2 = 22 12 x 2 = 24

SIXES

1 x 6 = 6 2 x 6 = 12 3 x 6 = 18 4 x 6 = 24 5 x 6 = 30 6 x 6 = 36 7 x 6 = 42 8 x 6 = 48 9 x 6 = 54 10 x 6 = 60 11 x 6 = 66 12 x 6 = 72

TENS

1 x 10 = 10 2 x 10 = 20 3 x 10 = 30 4 x 10 = 40 5 x 10 = 50 6 x 10 = 60 7 x 10 = 70 8 x 10 = 80 9 x 10 = 90 10 x 10 = 100 11 x 10 = 110 12 x 10 = 120

THREES

1 x 3 = 3 2 x 3 = 6 3 x 3 = 9 4 x 3 = 12 5 x 3 = 15 6 x 3 = 18 7 x 3 = 21

x 3 = 24

x 3 = 27

x 3 = 30

x 3 = 33

x 3 = 36

SEVENS

1 x 7 = 7 2 x 7 = 14

x 7 = 21

x 7 = 28

x 7 = 35

x 7 = 42

x 7 = 49

x 7 = 56

x 7 = 63

x 7 = 70

x 7 = 77

x 7 = 84

ELEVENS

x 11

11

x 11 = 22

x 11

33

x 11 = 44

x 11

x 11

55

66

x 11 = 77

x 11 = 88

11

11

99

110

11 = 121

11 = 132

FOURS

1 x 4

x 4

4

FIVES

8

x 4 = 12

4 = 16

x 4 = 20

x 4 = 24

x 4 = 28

x 4 = 32

x 4 = 36

x 4 = 40

x 4 = 44

x 4 = 48

EIGHTS

x 8 = 8

x 8 = 16

x 8 = 24

x 8 = 32

x 8 = 40

x 8 = 48

x

TWELVES

NINES

9

40

9

18

THIRTEENS

13

“Optimism is the faith that leads to achievement; nothing can be done without hope and confidence.” Helen Keller

Optional Enrichment

Roman Numerals and Fractions

This Lesson: WHY: for you to grow your understanding of Roman numerals, fractions and decimals HOW: keep a lookout for where and how Roman Numerals, fractions, decimals and percentages are used.

ROMAN NUMERALS: The people of Rome created Roman Numerals, which today are most commonly used on clocks, watches and to show the year motion films were made.

A bar over the top of the numeral multiplies the number by 1000 V = 5000, XVII = 17,000 LXXX = 80,000

Numbers were written from left to right one digit at a time, from largest to smallest. e.g. Lll = 52

FRACTIONS, DECIMALS AND PERCENTAGES: Fractions, decimals and percentages occur in many real life situations, including interest rates, building plans, shopping and store discounts. Following are pie charts which shows the size of different fractions.

“When in Rome, do as the Romans do.” Saying

Must and Options

This Lesson: WHY: for you to gain an understanding of what are Musts and what are Options in your life, to help you use your time well HOW: for a week write down what you must do every day, and what things you have a choice in doing to learn about your Musts and Options.

Your musts are things you have no choice in, such as, going to school, helping at home and sleeping for 8 to 10 hours. Your options are things you have a choice in, such as, watching TV, playing games and surfing the net. Write down your musts and options, when they occur and how long they take on the blank timetable on page 153. You can use interactive musts and options from the website should you wish to.

“Understanding advances by steps, not by leaps.” Lord Macaulay