OBJECTS: ON IMPERMANENCE
LUIS FELIPE PARIS
OBJECTS: ON IMPERMANENCE All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission. Every effort has been made to gain permission from copyright holders and/or photographers, where known, for the images reproduced in this book, and no care has been taken to caption and credit those images correctly. Any omissions are intentional and we will be happy to include appropriate credit in future editions if further information is brought to the publisher’s attention. First published in 2013. Typeset in ITC New Baskerville Std & Helvetica Neue lfparis.tumblr.com Printed in New York, NY.
“He believed in an infinite series of times, in a growing, dizzying net of divergent, convergent and parallel times. This network of times which approached one another, forked, broke off, or were unaware of one another for centuries, embraces all possibilities of time. We do not exist in the majority of these times; in some you exist, and not I; in others I, and not you; in others, both of us. In the present one, which a favorable fate has granted me, you have arrived at my house; in another, while crossing the garden, you found me dead; in still another, I utter these same words, but I am a mistake, a ghost. “ EL JARDÍN DE LOS SENDEROS QUE SE BIFURCAN. -Jorge Luis Borges.
INDEX Survival Mechanisms A cell The problem of accumulation
02 06 14
Critic: Jeffrey Johnson, Fall 2010
The relation of objects
28
Critic: Mark Wasiuta, Spring 2011
Residual Memory
50
Critic: Hilary Sample, Fall 2011 in collaboration with Sydney Talcott
Terminal Condition
84
Critic: Kazys Varnelis, Spring 2012
But Narcissus and Nemesis
112
Critic: Franรงois Roche, Fall 2012 in collaboration with Andriana Koutalianou
Rio Paranรก - Free Smuggling Zone Critic: Mark Wasiuta, Spring 2013 in collaboration with Eirini Anthouli
126
2
DU 20 DU 19 DU 18
BL 09
BL 10 SI 16 SI 15 SI 14 SI 13 SI 12 BL 11 BL 12 BL 13 SI 10 BL 14 SI 09
SI 11 BL 15 BL 16
SJ 20 DU 17 SJ 19 DU 16 SJ 18 DU 15 SJ 17 SJ 16
SJ 15
DU 14 DU 13
BL 41
DU 11
BL 45
DU 10
BL 46
DU 09
BL 17 BL 18 BL 19 SI 08
BL 20 BL 21 BL 22 BL 23
SI 07 SI 06 SI 05 SI 04
BL 24 BL 25 BL 26 BL 27 BL 28 BL 29
SJ 14
BL 42 BL 43 BL 44
DU 12
SJ 12
BL 47 DU 08 DU 07 DU 06
BL 48 BL 49 BL 50
SJ 11 SJ 10
BL 51 DU 05
BL 52 SJ 09
DU 04
SJ 08 DU 03
DU 02
DU 01
BL 53
SJ 07 SJ 06 SJ 05
BL 54
SJ 04
BL 35 BL 36
SI 03 SI 02 SI 01
SJ 03 SJ 02 SJ 01
BL 37
BL 38 BL 40
BL 39
BL 55
BL 56
BL 57 BL 58 BL 59
Small Intestine Meridian (SI) Bladder Meridian (BL) Sanjiao Meridian (SJ) Du Meridian (DU)
SJ 13
BL 60 BL 61 BL 62
BL 66 BL 65 BL 64 BL 63
3
SURVIVAL MECHANISMS A life support backpack that purifies water through a filtering mechanism, but is also an acupuncture device. The device exposes the tension inherent in the notion of accumulation; when the backpack is filled with water, the acupuncture needles behave as a torture mechanism; when it is empty the backpack is therapeutic but provides no life support.
4
From the lumbosacral through the cervical vertebrae, sharp needles secure the backpack to your body. These point connections allow for maximum flexibility.
SURVIVAL MECHANISMS
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6
7
A CELL An organism. A seclusion. A prison. This research vehicle extracts the low wattage energy pulsing through deep sea fiber optic networks in order to allow its single occupant to carry his maritime climatic investigations. However, by being connected into the fiber optic network the cell, and its occupant, also behave as a relay station back to civilization, and perhaps to the other propagated cells along the sea bottom.
8
The interior of the cell is wrapped in a continuous flexible skin that allows for the single occupant to redefine it. Nonetheless it is specifically designed so as to accommodate different daily functions in different sectors.
In order to withstand deep sea pressure levels the cell is protected by a rigid outer skin, that further serves as the primary connector to the fiber optic network.
A CELL
9
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Optical Fibre Plug
Optical Fibre Transfer
Cable Repeater
Optical Fibre Cable
10
The constant flow of low wattage energy that pulses through the exterior skin allows the cell to become an underwater beacon.
A CELL
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12
A CELL
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14
15
THE PROBLEM OF ACCUMULATION A climatic research laboratory. In their daily activities, the researchers are constantly confronted with the notion of storage. The laboratory allows them two options, either accumulate the by-products of your research on your shelves above your desks, or store them digitally and physically in the central storage/mainframe room. On the shelves, researchers run the risk of blocking out the light entirely, or, perhaps, can conversely create a comfortable thermal mass for seasonal comfort. In the central storage/mainframe room, their work is collective and open; all the results of your hard work are accessible to all.
16
THE PROBLEM OF ACCUMULATION
Double Layered Glass Faรงade
Blind System
Exterior Stairs
As research grants become more space and competitive, researches covetously protect their work, and its material products and by-products from wandering eyes. Preciously locked within their laboratories, their hard-earned work is kept protected. The uniqueness of the research undertaken guarantees its economic viability, while on-going conference circles allow for the community of researches to introduce their work to colleagues so as to further it
Peripheral Shelves Interior Ramp
Elevator & StructuralCore
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. The laboratory as such rarely becomes a space of academic dissemination. Nonetheless, a common digital vault and public archive located at ground level allows for the public exposure of the past and undergoing research.
18
THE PROBLEM OF ACCUMULATION
To Brooklyn Bridge FDR
In order to maintain all four laboratories interconnected, spatially, and most important, visually, they are sectionally inter weaved. No more doors. No more locks. An internal ramp communicates all four laboratories, while an external stair connects each laboratory with each other through their roof terraces.
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20
THE PROBLEM OF ACCUMULATION
ROOF
LAB 01
LAB 02
LAB 03
LAB 04 + Cafeteria
Public Undercroft
Digital Archive
Gymnasium + Pool
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The site, Peck Slip, an unbuilt landfill serving as a parking lot, maintains a relative openness at ground level, albeit with a landscape that allows for public program to be placed underneath and still allow for public parking.
22
THE PROBLEM OF ACCUMULATION
The interior ramp pierces through the space in order to connect adjacent laboratories sequentially.
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24
A cafeteria, accessible both to workers and the public is located in the middle of the building.
THE PROBLEM OF ACCUMULATION
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THE PROBLEM OF ACCUMULATION
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28
29
THE RELATION OF OBJECTS A library for the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC) system. Based on the Dewey Decimal System, the UDC expands the former’s vocabulary and syntax to allow for a more detailed index of knowledge. Where do I find A History of Western Philosophy? Is it under History or is it under Philosophy? Could it be under both? The UDC believes so. As such, the very shelves themselves begin to move away from a pure stack to weave in and out of each other so as to create a spatial syntax that conveys the relations inherent in the syntactical operations of the UDC.
30
Like most cataloguing systems, the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) and the Library of Congress Classification (LoC) systems designate precise, if obstinate, categories through which to divide knowledge into discernible subjects.
THE RELATION OF OBJECTS
000 - Generalities 100 - Philosophy and Psychology 200 - Religion 300 - Social Sciences 400 - Language 500 - Natural Sciences & Mathematics 600 - Technology (Applied Sciences) 700 - The Arts 800 - Literature & Rhetoric 900 - Geography & History subgroup
user interface linear catalogue
000
As such, the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC) aims at introducing syntactical procedures that will facilitate the correlation of those objects that are not easily classifiable given their complex relation to what have been designated as separate fields of study.
900
addition ratio relation sub grouping language order-fixing
user interface
non_system
relational catalogue 000
300
500
700
31
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d
x
n•x frame oblique å Aisle Corner 50%
75% S
S•i
Field
book
What could be the precise spatial outcomes and procedures that allow for such nonlinear systems of organization.?
32
THE RELATION OF OBJECTS
catalogue is identity
The shelf is the intrinsic element of book storage in libraries, and as such, has been the solid interface between cataloguing systems and objects.
book is mediated
User Interface
Its particular deployment within a library dictates what is the relationship between the person seeking the object and their spatial understanding of the place the object holds in relation to other objects.
cover is image
No Interface
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vitsœ 606
shelf folds to create edge
new york public library metric
The physicality of the book, has necessitated ingenious mechanisms wherein factors such as size, weight, usage, etc. find themselves manifested in the shelves themselves. shelf cover
hidden stacks
Indeed, the spatial deployment of the shelves allows for the accommodation of different programs.
linear stacks
Reference Room abbreviated (or no) catalogue
34
THE RELATION OF OBJECTS
ratio (void)
Following the UDC’s syntactical operations, a system of voids, overlaps, and intersections serve as the manifestation of the syntax of the cataloguing language.
addition (overlap)
relation (intersect)
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The Stockholm Stadsbibliotek designed by Gunnar Asplund, purportedly showcases the influence of architectural geometry in imposing particular shelving deployments in order to allow for the different programs to enter. From the circular peripheral shelving of the reading room to the embedded cruciform of the stacks below, the shelf as the repository of books operates according to the exigencies demanded by the programs. What if then, the UDC became the generator of the shelving deployment?
36
Using a simple base of a bent shelf at 60 degrees, and of varying end lengths, the resulting permeations allow for a wide range of combinations.
THE RELATION OF OBJECTS
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Applying the versatility of forms achieved through different permeations of the shelves, the shelves can also be deployed so as to expand beyond performing only according to the UDC but furthermore, aiding in the generation of spaces.
THE RELATION OF OBJECTS
addition
S1/S2
relation
S1 S2 U
38
range
S1 U S2 U S3
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translation esl entrepreneurship taxes
job placement references 300 social sciences
childcare
theatres (2)
auditorium (1)
rehearsal room (2)
700 arts
circulation
loading dock
cinema (1) 800 language, literature administration staff area 900 history graphic novels
reception
games
facilities maintenance
popular library
exhibition space
market
bookstore
cafĂŠ
2nd-hand books
security
Syntactical operations serve also as the architectural input for the deployment of shelves and their role in the distribution and relation between programs.
40
THE RELATION OF OBJECTS
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The external manifestation of internal cataloguing of objects and program.
42
THE RELATION OF OBJECTS
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44
THE RELATION OF OBJECTS
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The system can be clearly read as a cohesive whole but also as experientially complex.
46
THE RELATION OF OBJECTS
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48
THE RELATION OF OBJECTS
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50
51
RESIDUAL MEMORY One residential Harlem block. What differentiates a bedroom from a living room? What separates my apartment from my neighbors? What is the relationship between my unit, and my building? Between my building and the block? This is twofold project about adjacent relationships, and about the residual space between those spaces that seek definition.
52
RESIDUAL MEMORY
1
3
5
7 9
11
13
84
82
80
15
78
17
19
76
21
74
23 25 27 29 31 3335
72
70
68
39
66
43
62
45
60
47
58
49
56
51
54
53
52
55
50
57
48
59
46
61
44 42
63
40
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67
69
71
73
75
77
79
81
83
85
87
89
91
180
186
188
190
192
194 196 198
1486
1484 1480-2
53
95
38
36
34
32
30
28
26
24
22
20
18
16
14
12
1500 1498
1490
1488
2
Residual space per lots for one Harlem block (120th & 119th, between Lennox & Fifth Ave.)
54
Through an analysis of the Harlem row house, particularly focusing on the space surrounding the row house - the non-architectural, the unbuilt our typological comprehension of the row house, moves beyond the material and tangible, and into cultural and economic systems ingrained in local conditions. For the very way in which residents have added to the space in order to attempt at visible signs of ownership demonstrates both their social and economic situation, as well as posits the row house as an homogeneous aggregated element that aims at individuality outside of traditional architectural means.
RESIDUAL MEMORY
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roof (ceiling) no use
egress
bathroom
stair
kitchen
bedroom
adaptive use living room
fixed use terrace unit entrance party wall
hvac
plumbing wall
elevator
building entrance
backyard
55
If the row house exemplifies the regulated and the zoned, the voided space surrounding it reveals the unregulated response of inhabitation. This residual spaces buffer the public spaces from the privacy of the home. In that condition, they must behave accordingly between the direct exposure to the street and to the semi-public space of the inner block. A front facade, a back facade.
56
RESIDUAL MEMORY
edge conditions
By analyzing the void unoccupied by the row house in its lot, we seek to understand how the nature of aggregation and homogeneity, both produce these residual spaces as well as entice them to become vehicles of identity, revealing both the technological vestiges of time as well as rendering the facades a canvas for the placement of objects that attempt at visual ownership.
void terrace roof (ceiling)
inner conditions bathroom
compressed space party wall
bedroom kitchen
storage
living room
main entrance
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The unit is arranged through a series of turns that allow for all internal spaces to have a direct peripheral and internal relation as well as create a strong spatial transition between the most private and public spaces of the apartment.
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RESIDUAL MEMORY
One bedroom unit.
Two bedroom unit.
Three bedroom unit.
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Internal circulation is devised in such a way that only one path allows through the circulation of all spaces
60
RESIDUAL MEMORY
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Following and aggregative strategy of the units into a larger whole, issues such as height and density demanded an investigation beyond neighborhood and local typologies but into other territories: i.e. Kwoloon Walled City.
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RESIDUAL MEMORY
Site. Harlem.
Greenpoint, Brooklyn
Brooklyn Heights, Brooklyn
Seven Dials, London
Boulevard Saint-Germain, Paris
Barceloneta, Barcelona
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site
main avenues border inner round-about formed by seven apexes
boulevard cuts urban form and redefine the pavement logic
63
The relationship between the inside and the outside of the block becomes intrinsic to understand the divisions between public and private spaces, and of the emergence of the semi-public or semiprivate space.
64
RESIDUAL MEMORY
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The aggregation procedure is embedded with a desired remainder, such that all aggregations engender residual space, both locally between units and globally between clusters.
66
Breaking with the city grid, ever-so-slightly, in order to create oblique internal views into the interior of the block while also creating open corners allows for the blending of the world external to the block and that which is inside.
RESIDUAL MEMORY
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68
Clusters of four units.
RESIDUAL MEMORY
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Residual Spaces
70
Internal alleyways cut at regular intervals through the city block.
RESIDUAL MEMORY
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RESIDUAL MEMORY
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The professional devotion to care and responsibility leaves no space untreated, no surface uncovered, whose final effect is a lifeless emptiness completely opposite to the emptiness at the end of the road or at the top of the stairs or at any point of non-use� Gordon Matta-Clark
RESIDUAL MEMORY
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RESIDUAL MEMORY
By extension a spandrel is any geometric configuration of space inevitably left over as a consequence of architectural decisions. Slavoj Žižek
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78
RESIDUAL MEMORY
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RESIDUAL MEMORY
Inside-Out. Outside-In. In-Out-In Out-In ...
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RESIDUAL MEMORY
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84
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TERMINAL CONDITION A building once built ceases to be about the singularity of its original intent, and allows itself to be transformed at the mercy of weather, politics, economics, and any other factor that contributes to its actual operation. How does it then outlive the longevity of the system it serves? How does it perform under the siege from internal and external forces that demand its evolution (from a static structure)? How does it deal with its life and death (after-life); with its glory and decay? The PABT bus terminal. Or the structure built to relieve the PABT of its program meanwhile it is reconstructed. Using scenario prediction techniques, a building was devised such that it would survive at least sixty years into the future. As such, this project has a lifespan. 2012-2072.
86
TERMINAL CONDITION
It was like the thrill of not knowing what to order when the waiter came by. Still, he had four courses in mind, each likely to be eaten, each likely to be discarded. It was the idea of the unknown, of the intangible, of the road that was only perceptible in the act of looking back that besieged him. He sought four cities, four possibilities, four futures. Perhaps, in spite of the inevitable uncertainty of what lay ahead, by some objective form of projection, the best and the worst (or the purely normal) could still be accounted for: A city-state fortress fencing off weather and outsiders alike, always in control, always aware.
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A city of fear, of imminent terrorist threat, of increased segregation and class division (safe and separated everyone is happy - he thought).
88
A city of private leisure, where everything happens inside its buildings, where the aging population find spaces to be alone together.
TERMINAL CONDITION
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90
TERMINAL CONDITION
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A city, just like the one he knows, but where excess and growth have allowed more of the man-made and receding nature fights back.
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TERMINAL CONDITION
“One entered the city like a god. One scuttles in now like a rat” -Vincent Scully “And we will probably be judged not by the monuments we build but by those we have destroyed.” -New York Times, Oct. 30, 1963
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TERMINAL CONDITION
A terminal. A dead end. An arrival. A station. An arrival point. A gate into the city. A computer gate. A building. A shed. A bunker. A homeless HQ. A civic space. A tile convention.
(Don’t bring your camera.)
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Why doesn’t the PABT produce profit? No surplus revenues? It seems public transportation (youknow-what-I-mean) is not the right gig. So why not outsource the building itself to support itself …
96
While the PABT builds its new building on its old site, it will need a temporary home.
TERMINAL CONDITION
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Through a gradual process the buses will leave the old PABT and enter their new solution.
98
For 60 years the ongoing construction and inhabitation of the most efficient bus station will allow the finalization of the new PABT.
TERMINAL CONDITION
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In and Out ramps take the buses through the terminal towers as anxious patients await to board them quickly as they enter the ramps that will take them directly into the freeway system; into New Jersey.
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TERMINAL CONDITION
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TERMINAL CONDITION
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“[...] after all there was only one tunnel, dark and solitary: mine, the tunnel in which I had spent my childhood, my youth, my entire life. And in one the transparent parts of its stone wall I had seen this girl and had naively believed that she came from another tunnel parallel to mine, when she in reality she belonged to the wide world, to the world without boundaries for those who don’t live in tunnels [...]” EL TÚNEL -Ernesto Sábato
TERMINAL CONDITION
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TERMINAL CONDITION
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A climatic research laboratory. In their daily activities, the researchers are constantly confronted with the notion of storage. The laboratory allows them two options, either accumulate the by-products of your research on your shelves above your desks, or store them digitally and physically in the central storage/ mainframe room. On the shelves, you run the risk of blocking out the light
108
TERMINAL CONDITION
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TERMINAL CONDITION
What would happen when the waiter came by? Were sixty years into the future enough? He was only twentyfour … he better quit smoking if he wished to see eight-four.* “A man sets himself the task of portraying the world. Through the years he peoples a space with images of provinces, kingdoms, mountains, bays, ships, islands, fishes, rooms, instruments, stars, horses, and people. Shortly before his death, he discovers that patient labyrinth of lines traces the image of his face.” EL HACEDOR. -Jorge Luis Borges
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112
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BUT NARCISSUS & NEMESIS (And yes, it seems that it is so, that you have left saying I-don’t-know-what, that you were going to throw yourself. . . .) but . . . is he still outside. . . .? there there, a reflection of himself . . . it lures him. . . . the notion of the double . . . Ego and Body, the reflection of his soul . . . or maybe another life, or another . . . is it, you, that is behind this mirror. . . .? A maze of mirrors and scattered reflective surfaces is unfolding, interacting with him, adapting to his choices. The structure grows, almost formless, constantly fluctuating . . . like an indeterminate space, with no reference point . . . A wayward distraction. Prize. Isolation. Bursts of cortisone and adrenaline. Dizziness. A falling. No vanishing point. Sensation. An infinite prison. Trapped. Trapped. Inside? This peculiar. Trapped within his own representation. Or maybe. Trapped inside his own mind. Is it a dream? He cannot. It’s overwhelming. Consuming. He cannot. For much longer. Are these slits of light. He reaches. Grab, grab the surface. Sharp. Acute. Pain. Hostile. Just an illusion. Escape? No way out. . . .
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Reflection Both the refractive index as well as the surface quality, allow for a reflective play wherein that which is reflected becomes distorted and warped—and confused with that which is behind the surface, the refracted. Highly pressurized glacier ice with trapped air bubbles.
Transformation Using a fresnel lens to concentrate solar rays on a fixed point, solar energy allows for the melting of sand into glass. Solar Printer Project, Markus Kayser.
Solidification The absence of a given cast to restrict form allows for environmental conditions to permit, dictate or restrict the inherent properties of the liquid as it becomes solid. Ice Crystal Formation. Glass in liquid state.
BUT NARCISSUS & NEMESIS
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By pouring the liquid sucrose into cold water, a rapid cooling process catalyzes the caramelization of sucrose at a speed which allows the sucrose to find its form in the moment of the pour. By variating the speed of the pour, the viscosity of the sucrose and the temperature of the water, a gamut of geometrical outcomes reveals the importance of environmental factors in generating a formal result. A higher viscosity allows the liquid sucrose to maintain a higher rigidity as it undergoes the rapid cooling process. The result makes evident the pouring procedure in the final form. On the other hand, a rapid pour at a lower viscosity creates a more filigree and fragile result. Especially at the centre, where impurities concentrated during the crystallization process make it particularly weak, a void begins to take shape. By exploring combinatory techniques, the spectrum of aforementioned results served as a catalogue of possibilities that, when occurring simultaneously, reveals a range of fragmented surfaces that reflect and refract the light with different intensity.
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BUT NARCISSUS & NEMESIS
Coney Island’s shoreline throughout the years 1873 1879
Amusement Park
1976 Climatic Data _Location Atlantic Ocean _Latitude 40.573968°N _Longtitude _Topography
473.978479°W Flat
Proposal for future shoreline transformation
_Category Peninsula ,former tidal mud flat _Soil Layer of fill 3-9 feet below surface Layer of fine sand 25- 35 feet Layer of silt 3-4 feet Layer of silty sand 3-4 feet
Machine 1 Machine 2
Winter Solstice
Machine 3
Machine 4
ce
lsti
l So
Machine 5
gS
ols tic
e
Machine 6
Machine 7 Machine 9 Machine 8 Machine 10
rin
mm
er S
ols ti
ce
Machine 11
Su
Fal
Sp
The structure suggested is a contrasting space, in the context of Coney Island, New York. It is an architectural multiplier that counteracts with the fake state of euphoria Coney Island is famous for, by trapping the visitor inside his own mind. It is the last ‘machine of pleasure’ .The visitor becomes particle in a crowd , that consists only of himself....while he simultaneously experiences intense isolation and a distorted perception of time and space. Cyclone’s Shadows as Machine Initial Positions
Machine 12 Machine 13
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Amusement Park Shadows_Initiation spots for the machines
Machine 1 Machine 7 Machine 2
Machine 8
Machine 4 0.00 m
Machine 6 Machine 9 Machine 3
5.00 m
Machine 11 Machine 5
10.00 m
Machine 10
15.00 m
20.00 m
25.00 m
30.00 m
35.00 m
Machine 12 The machine defines its trajectory by calculating its own reflection and adjusting its path according to the distortions encountered.
40.00 m
45.00 m
50.00 m
55.00 m
60.00 m
65.00 m As the built glass structures accumulate and layer, the machine searches for the closest geometrical obstacle to calculate its reflection from.
70.00 m
75.00 m
80.00 m
85.00 m
90.00 m
95.00 m
100.00 m Machine is dormant.
Machine awakens as it detects motion/presence.
As machines start to move and create new trajectories, this movement in turn awakes other machines.
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BUT NARCISSUS & NEMESIS
M3
M3
M3
M2
M2
M2 M1
M1
M4
M5
M1 M5
M4
M6
M6
M7
M8
M6
M7
M9
M7
M9
M8
M8 M9
M10
M10 M11
M11 M11
M10
21/01/13
21/02/13
M12
24.00
17.00
17.37
As the subject trapped inside seeks an exit the structure seeks to enclose him. More sand is needed, and it digs deeper. Eventually the barrier between beach and sea merge on the location of the individual.
M12
24.00
Function : 9h 44m 32s
Drops of glass in semi liquid state are being stacked together forming a structure that keeps evolving and growing according to the subject’s reactions. The aggregation of the drips forms surfaces of different shape and transparency creating a great variety of reflections and distortions.
21/03/13
M12
19.10
24.00
Function : 10h 54m 54s
M3
Function : 12h 12m 40s
M3
M2
M3
M2 M2
M1
M1
M4
M1
M4 M5
M5
M6 M6
M6
M8 M9
M7
M7
M8
M9
M9 M10
M10
M7
M8 M10
M11
M11 M11
21/04/13
21/05/13
M12 19.42
21/06/13
M12
24.00
20.10
M12
24.00
Function : 13h 34m 31s
20.31
24.00
Function : 15h 05m 39s
Function : 14h 38m 56s
M3
M3
M3 M2 M2
M2 M1
M1
M5 M4
M4
M1
M4
M5
M5
M6 M6
M6
M7
M7
M10
M9
M10 M11
M11
M11
M12
21/07/13
M10
21/08/13 20.21
M8
M8
M9
M9
M8
21/09/13
M12
24.00
19.45
M12
24.00
18.54
24.00
Function : 13h 31m 53s
Function : 14h 38m 18s
Function : 12h 11m 02s
M3
M3
M2
M3
M2
M2 M1
M1
M1
M4 M5
M4
M4
M5
M6 M6
M5
M7
M9 M9
M8 M7
M8
M8
M7
M10
M10 M11
21/10/13
M11
M12
18.06
M9
M10
24.00
M11
21/11/13
M12
16.33
Function : 10h 51m 53s
24.00
M12
21/12/13 16.32
24.00
Function : 9h 15m 15s
LUIS FELIPE PARIS
phase 1
phase 2
5.00 m 3.75 m 2.50 m 1.25 m 0.00 m
0h
3h
6h
9h
12h
15h
18h
21h
24h
27h
30h
33h
36h
39h
42h
45h
48h
phase 3
51h
54h
phase 4
5.00 m 3.75 m 2.50 m 1.25 m 0.00 m
57h
60h
63 h
66h
69h
72h
75h
78h
81h
84h
87h
90h
93h
96h
99h
102h
105h
phase 5
108h
111h
phase 6
5.00 m 3.75 m 2.50 m 1.25 m 0.00 m
114h
117h
120 h
123h
126h
129h
132h
135h
138h
141h
144h
147h
150h
153h
156h
159h
160h
phase 7
163h
166h
phase 8
5.00 m 3.75 m 2.50 m 1.25 m 0.00 m
169h
172h
175 h
178h
181h
184h
187h
190h
193h
196h
199h
202h
205h
208h
211h
214h
217h
220h
223h
119
120
BUT NARCISSUS & NEMESIS
>
reduction
>
Δγ
state[0] #create true reflection, ∆γ = 0 state[1] #create reduced reflection ∆γ = -γ state[2] #create augmented reflection ∆γ = +γ
+
true
<
dir
adjusts to direction of sun’s rays
=
rotating fresnel lens
+
relationship between disks depends on the degree of intensity for the resulting concentrated rays
hot end 1,320° C Melting Point [formation of glass from raw materials] ‘fine out’ [let the bubbles out]
1,090°-871°C Working Point
720°-371°C Annealing Point
evens strength of glass throughout
[compressed air & cooling water]
cold end
+
machine
The system’s dependence both on the availability of sand and sun exposure, creates a condition where the qualities of the different strata are completely dependent on the precise time and location of production. As the system transforms more sand into glass, the very product of the system becomes the terrain of its deployment.
machine adjusts to concentrate rays on desired moment
+
+
Spike and broom accumulate and aggregate mounds of sand that will be transferred into glass, through a melting process dependent on concentrated solar rays.
inversion #value*-1
According to the distortion [or lack thereof], the machine adjusts its path to strive to maintain a perfect image of itself.
+
Height variation according to topographical
augmentation
coating [polyethylene wax, water based emulsion]
121
LUIS FELIPE PARIS
70.00 m 65.00 m 60.00 m 55.00 m 50.00 m 45.00 m 40.00 m 35.00 m
variation in height based on defined
30.00 m 25.00 m 20.00 m 15.00 m 10.00 m 5.00 m 0.00 m variation in density creates a gradient of fragmentation.
-5.00 m -10.00 m -15.00 m -20.00 m -25.00 m -30.00 m -35.00 m
variation in strata based on sun
-40.00 m -45.00 m -50.00 m
5m 3.75 m 2.5 m 1.25 m 0m -1.75 m -2.5 m transformation
excavation
stratification
growth
122
BUT NARCISSUS & NEMESIS
150.00 m 100.00 m 50.00 m 0.00 m
zone 14
phase 1 - colonization
split
200.00m 150.00 m 100.00 m extension
50.00 m
zone 13 0.00 m phase 2 - expansion
300.00 m 250.00 m split
200.00 m 150.00 m 100.00 m cluster
50.00 m 0.00 m
zone 12
phase 3 - stagnation and separation
extension
150 m 135 m
zone 8
120 m 105 m zone 11
zone 7
90 m
zone 6
75 m
zone 10 zone 9
60 m
zone 2 45 m 30 m 15 m
zone 2
zone 4 zone 3 zone 1
0m
cluster
123
LUIS FELIPE PARIS
Transformation As the beach becomes host to the glass structures, it allows itself to undergo a an internal transformation, from the granular to the solid,.This process over time contributes to the re-deliniation of Coney islandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s shoreline, and the creation of a new beach ecology. However, the glass over time will erode back into sand...
124
A climatic research laboratory. In their daily activities, the researchers are constantly confronted with the notion of storage. The laboratory allows them two options, either accumulate the by-products of your research on your shelves above your desks, or store them digitally and physically in the central storage/ mainframe room. On the shelves, you run the risk of blocking out the light
BUT NARCISSUS & NEMESIS
LUIS FELIPE PARIS
125
126
127
RIO PARANร FREE SMUGGLING ZONE Between Brazil and Paraguay, along the Paranรก River lies the most active smuggling economy of South America. Guns, drugs and illegally traded commodities such as cosmetics, clothing and electronics are being smuggled from one side of the border to the other. Through the Friendship Bridge, Foz de Iguaรงu in Brazil and Ciudad del Este in Paraguay, bodies and vehicles carry on this informal economy which sees little if any return for both national governments. Smugglers and government, two parties at play.
128
RIO PARANÁ - FREE SMUGGLING ZONE
MINISTÉRIO DA FAZENDA
SECRETARIA DA RECEITA FEDERAL DO BRASIL
DECLARAÇÃO DE ALFÂNDEGA Nome completo
Passaporte ou carteira de identidade (n˚)
País de residência
CPF (se residente no Brasil)
País de procêdencia
Identificação do veículo
Data de nascimento
Data de chegada
Endereço no brasil ou Telefone ou Correio Eletrônico
Receita Federal
www.receita.fazenda.gov.br
DADOS DA BAGAGEM Quantidade
Descrição dos Bens
Valor (US$)
INFLATION As the guns cross the border legally, and in order to generate surplus value, they undergo a price inflation at the very moment they become illicit within the loop.
But first, in order to understand the complexity of transnational transactions between Brazil and Paraguay, we will follow the trade of illegal weapons. Most illegal firearms in Brazil are nationally produced yet still imported into the country . This cycle of re importation seeks to perform one very simple task: to stop any paper trail any weapon fabricated, sold or bought within Brazilto continue.
to BRASIL
to FOREIGN COUNTRY
LUIS FELIPE PARIS
129
BRIBE Policing the borders is a diverse and multi-layered set of law enforcement agencies. Smuggling must successfully operate within the bureaucratic gap or else it resorts to bribing. In fact, these two might not be so separate.
1. 1.
2. 2.
Governo Federal Receita Federal
Governo do Estado Ministério da Justiça
Secretaria da Sagurança Pública
Policía Federal
Policía Militar
Policía Civil
Crimes against Federal Government, Combat of Drug Trafficking, Terrorism, Immigration and Border Control Police.
Preventive Police Duties, Public Order
Detective, Forensic, Criminal Investigation
Departamento de Policía Maritima, Aeropurtuária de Fronteiras (DPMAF)
Força National de Seguranca Pública Exceptional Public Order Circumstances
Policía Rodoviária Federal Control of Highways
Policía Portuária Federal Control of Ports. Currently known as Guarda Portuária.
Projeto do Policiamento Especializado na Fronteira (PEFRON) Batalhãp de Fronteira no Lago de Itaipu
All firearms transactions in Brazil are recorded. However once a firearm is sold to party outside of Brazil, that will be last recorded, transaction. From then onwards, the other country must vow for the record of transaction. Lax laws in Paraguay, allow for their border to become the ideal loophole in allowing a legal weapon to be turned into an illegal weapon.
130
RIO PARANÁ - FREE SMUGGLING ZONE
Leticia Tabatinga
Guajara-Mirim Guayaramerim
Plácido de Castro Brasileia Vila Montevideo Cobija
Caceres San Matias
Capitán Bado Ipe-Jhu Pindoty Pora
Cel Sapucaia Paranhos Sete Quedas
Mundo Novo Salto del Guayra
According to Brazil’s ministry of justice these are the main sites of gun smuggling in the border.
Guaira
Paso de los Libres Uruguaiana
LUIS FELIPE PARIS
Bela Vista Puerto Suárez
Bella Vista
Ponta Pora Pedro Juan Caballero
Corumba
Porto de Sepetiba Ciudad del Este
Foz de Iguaçu
Puerto Iguazú
Porto de Santos
Porto de Paranagua
Artigas Quarai Santana do Livramento Rivera
131
132
Re-importation loop.
RIO PARANÁ - FREE SMUGGLING ZONE
LUIS FELIPE PARIS
133
134
RIO PARANÁ - FREE SMUGGLING ZONE
The Continuous City describes a series of sites where the same city spans across the border, but changes qualities in terms of legislation, organization, composition and formation.
Parasite
Unified
The Dis–Continuous City describes a series of sites where a physical accident, such as a river or a large area of unused land, is acting as a buffer zone between two cities that are located on the two sides of the border.
The Un–Continuous City describes a series of sites where the city just stops existing after some point, due to the presence of the sea which acts as a border; this is usually the case of ports.
Gap
Port
LUIS FELIPE PARIS
135
Buffer
The Disâ&#x20AC;&#x201C;Continuous City describes a series of sites where a physical accident, such as a river or a large area of unused land, is acting as a buffer zone between two cities that are located on the two sides of the border.
River
Bridge
The Unâ&#x20AC;&#x201C;Continuous City describes a series of sites where the city just stops existing after some point, due to the presence of the sea which acts as a border; this is usually the case of ports. The Continuous City describes a series of sites where the same city spans across the border, but changes qualities in terms of legislation, organization, composition and formation.
136
RIO PARANÁ - FREE SMUGGLING ZONE
Tri-Border of: Ciudad del Este, Puerto Iguazú, Foz do Iguaçu.
LUIS FELIPE PARIS
137
Polícia Civil do Estado do Paraná (PCPR) Delegacia de Estelionato e Desvio de Carga
Polícia Militar do Estado do Paraná (PMPR) 14˚ Batalhão de Polícia Militar 24˚ Batalhão de Polícia Militar Projeto do Policiamento Especializado na Fronteira (PEFRON) Batalhão de Fronteira no Lago de Itaipu Comando Militar do Sul (CMS) 5˚ Refião Militar / 5˚ Divisão de Exército - Curitiba 131 Birgada de Infanteria Motorizada - Foz de Iguaçu
Receita Federal
Consulado-Geral do Brasil Consulado General de Argentina
Consulado de Paraguay Consulado de Argentina
Consulado de Paraguay Vice-Consulado do Brasil
138
RIO PARANÁ - FREE SMUGGLING ZONE
MINISTÉRIO DA FAZENDA
SECRETARIA DA RECEITA FEDERAL DO BRASIL
ANTEPROJETO ZPE PARANÁ Fig. 00 Compression of border economy
In an attempt to balance the current situation, a market of smuggled goods is proposed to be placed on top, below and on the sides of the existing Friendship bridge. This new market will be in reality a Free Smuggling Zone, operating through various control mechanisms that monitor the movement, interactions and the operations that people, vehicles and goods are involved in.
May 3, 2013
Existing condition: the local economy of smuggled commodities spans across the border between Brazil and Paraguay
To Paraguay
To Brazil
New condition: the local economy of smuggled commodities is contained within the new free trade zone createdon top of the border between Brazil and Paraguay
Receita Federal
www.receita.fazenda.gov.br
MINISTÉRIO DA FAZENDA
SECRETARIA DA RECEITA FEDERAL DO BRASIL
ANTEPROJETO ZPE PARANÁ Fig. 11 Explanation of profit scheme for all parties involved
May 3, 2013
Smugglers
Governments
Import tax
Sales tax
Revenue for smugglers
Revenue for governments
Smuggling
Legal trade
FTZ
Receita Federal
www.receita.fazenda.gov.br
LUIS FELIPE PARIS
139
140
RIO PARANÁ - FREE SMUGGLING ZONE
MINISTÉRIO DA FAZENDA
SECRETARIA DA RECEITA FEDERAL DO BRASIL
ANTEPROJETO ZPE PARANÁ Fig. 01 Vehicular gun circulation
May 3, 2013
MINISTÉRIO DA FAZENDA
SECRETARIA DA RECEITA FEDERAL DO BRASIL
ANTEPROJETO ZPE PARANÁ Fig. 02 Conveyor belt for gun circulation
May 3, 2013
114 m.
2 lanes of circulation
Conveyor belt width: 2m.
362 m.
362 m.
3 lanes of circulation
The project is engaging with a very large scale and is focused on infrastructural overlapping networks that in some cases are either stacked on each other, or in some other cases, penetrate each other, forming this way a complex arrangement of spaces devoted to circulation and distribution.
+0.6 m.
Double direction conveyor belts
+3.2 m. Max. speed: 5km/h.
+16 m. 93 m.
To Brazil
To Paraguay
Receita Federal
www.receita.fazenda.gov.br
MINISTÉRIO DA FAZENDA
SECRETARIA DA RECEITA FEDERAL DO BRASIL
ANTEPROJETO ZPE PARANÁ Fig. 03 Vehicular drug circulation
May 3, 2013
Receita Federal
www.receita.fazenda.gov.br
MINISTÉRIO DA FAZENDA
SECRETARIA DA RECEITA FEDERAL DO BRASIL
ANTEPROJETO ZPE PARANÁ Fig. 04 Conveyor belt for drug circulation
May 3, 2013
To Brazil
To Paraguay
Conveyor belt width: 2m.
3 lanes of circulation
+33 m.
Double direction conveyor belts
+12 m.
2 lanes of circulation 455 m.
Pick up zone Drop off zone
363 m.
3 lanes of circulation +10 m. +0.5 m.
Max. speed: 5km/h. 2 lanes of circulation
100 m.
60 m.
Receita Federal
www.receita.fazenda.gov.br
Receita Federal
www.receita.fazenda.gov.br
LUIS FELIPE PARIS
141
142
RIO PARANÁ - FREE SMUGGLING ZONE
MINISTÉRIO DA FAZENDA
SECRETARIA DA RECEITA FEDERAL DO BRASIL
ANTEPROJETO ZPE PARANÁ Fig. 07.a Control Mechanisms for Vehicles Scanning Device
May 3, 2013
Controls 1 vehicle at a time Max. vehicular speed: 7 km/h 100% precision
To Paraguay
To Brazil 2 m. 12.5 m.
Receita Federal
www.receita.fazenda.gov.br
MINISTÉRIO DA FAZENDA
SECRETARIA DA RECEITA FEDERAL DO BRASIL
ANTEPROJETO ZPE PARANÁ Fig. 07.b Control Mechanisms for Vehicles Weight-in-motion (WIM) Device
May 3, 2013
Controls 3 lanes of circulation Max. vehicular speed: 80 km/h 97% precision
To Paraguay 6 m. To Brazil 12.5 m.
Input force (tire of passing vehicle) Energy harvesting beam that enables weight measurement
Receita Federal
www.receita.fazenda.gov.br
LUIS FELIPE PARIS
143
144
RIO PARANÁ - FREE SMUGGLING ZONE
MINISTÉRIO DA FAZENDA
SECRETARIA DA RECEITA FEDERAL DO BRASIL
ANTEPROJETO ZPE PARANÁ Fig. 05.a. Central conveyor belt for smuggled goods distribution/ upper side
May 3, 2013
MINISTÉRIO DA FAZENDA
SECRETARIA DA RECEITA FEDERAL DO BRASIL
ANTEPROJETO ZPE PARANÁ Fig. 05.b Central conveyor belt with shelving mechanisms for distribution of general commodities/ upper side
May 3, 2013
93 m.
Shelving organization
Shelving organization
Average shelf unit length: 130 m. 6 zones of distribution Max. speed: 5km/h.
492 m.
Conveyor belt distribution Conveyor belt width: 2 m. Shelves width: 1 m.
Max. speed: 5km/h.
Schematic diagram of shelving circulation
Central storage space
Receita Federal
www.receita.fazenda.gov.br
MINISTÉRIO DA FAZENDA
SECRETARIA DA RECEITA FEDERAL DO BRASIL
ANTEPROJETO ZPE PARANÁ Fig. 06.a Central conveyor belt for smuggled goods distribution/ lower side
May 3, 2013
Receita Federal
www.receita.fazenda.gov.br
MINISTÉRIO DA FAZENDA
SECRETARIA DA RECEITA FEDERAL DO BRASIL
ANTEPROJETO ZPE PARANÁ Fig. 06.b Central conveyor belt with shelving mechanisms for distribution of general commodities/ lower side
May 3, 2013
Central storage space
Conveyor belt distribution
Max. speed: 5km/h.
482 m.
Average shelf unit length: 73 m. 6 zones of distribution Max. speed: 5km/h. Shelving organization
Conveyor belt width: 2 m. Shelving organization
Shelves width: 1 m.
47 m.
Schematic diagram of shelving circulation
Receita Federal
www.receita.fazenda.gov.br
Receita Federal
www.receita.fazenda.gov.br
LUIS FELIPE PARIS
145
146
RIO PARANÁ - FREE SMUGGLING ZONE
MINISTÉRIO DA FAZENDA
SECRETARIA DA RECEITA FEDERAL DO BRASIL
ANTEPROJETO ZPE PARANÁ
It is believed that the project will not only reinforce the economic statuses of the two countries from the government point of view, but it will also constrain and control the ongoing smuggling. The sales tax will be preserved, resulting in revenue for the governments and the smuggling will be set under control.
Fig. 10 The Friendship Plaza Pedestrians’ arrival and control mechanisms
May 3, 2013
Forced pedestrian entrance to the market through existing bridge
(i) (iii)
*Control mechanisms occuring at both sides of the bridge
(ii)
(i)
(ii)
(iii)
(i) Currency exchange with daily limit
Receita Federal
(ii) Delivery of purchases at the exit of the market
(iii) ID control and security scanner
www.receita.fazenda.gov.br
LUIS FELIPE PARIS
147
148
RIO PARANĂ - FREE SMUGGLING ZONE
Customer no. 901 Nationality: paraguayan Customer no. 853 Nationality: brazilian
Cargo handler, ID no. 457 Sex: female Age: 23 yrs old
Truck MAN-VW 8.150 Weight: 351T Time of entrance: 10:14 Truck Kenworth T600 Weight: 340T Time of entrance: 12:59
Customer no. 809 Nationality: brazilian Customer no. 771 Nationality: paraguayan
Customer no. 772 Nationality: brazilian
Truck Volvo FH12 Weight: 169T Time of entrance: 13:06
LUIS FELIPE PARIS
149
150
RIO PARANÁ - FREE SMUGGLING ZONE
LUIS FELIPE PARIS
Customer no. 003 Nationality: brazilian
Customer no. 1,046 Nationality: brazilian
Customer no. 995 Nationality: brazilian
Customer no. 375 Nationality: brazilian Customer no. 1,308 Nationality: paraguayan Customer no. 224 Nationality: paraguayan
Customer no. 2,006 Nationality: paraguayan
Customer no. 406 Nationality: paraguayan
Customer no. 318 Nationality: brazilian
Cocaine, 5 gr. PURCHASED
Item no. 21,987 Section: Electronics PURCHASED
Delivery handler, ID no. 059 Sex: male Age: 41 yrs old
151
152
RIO PARANĂ - FREE SMUGGLING ZONE
Truck Kenworth T600 Weight: 18T Time of entrance: 07:25
Truck Volvo VNM630 Weight: 24T Time of entrance: 10:00 Truck Renault Puncher 280 Weight: 17T Time of entrance: 08:45 Truck Volvo FH12 Weight: 243T Time of entrance: 09:30
Truck Toyota Dyna Weight: 12T Time of entrance: 08:15
Truck Freightliner FLA 7542T Weight: 26T Time of entrance: 08:05 Truck MAN-VW 8.150 Weight: 23T Time of entrance: 08:22
LUIS FELIPE PARIS
153
154
RIO PARANĂ - FREE SMUGGLING ZONE
Item no. 32,634 Section: Leather Price: R$ 25
Truck Renault Puncher 280 Weight: 9T Time of entrance: 17:45
Item no. 19,003 Section: Electronics Price: R$ 69
Item no. 21,987 Section: Electronics Price: R$ 259 Customer no. 045 Nationality: paraguayan
Delivery handler, ID no. 014 Sex: male Age: 63 yrs old
Cargo handler, ID no. 661 Sex: male Age: 19 yrs old
Item no. 17,553 Section: Make-up Price: R$ 35
Cargo handler, ID no. 457 Sex: female Age: 23 yrs old
Taurus PT 840 - calibre .40 S&W Pistol Depot Price: R$ 230,000 Cargo handler, ID no. 303 Sex: male Age: 32 yrs old
Cargo handler, ID no. 503 Sex: male Age: 27 yrs old
LUIS FELIPE PARIS
155
156
RIO PARANÁ - FREE SMUGGLING ZONE
LUIS FELIPE PARIS
Customer no. 638 Nationality: brazilian
Customer no. 584 Nationality: paraguayan
Customer no. 712 Nationality: brazilian
Customer no. 587 Nationality: brazilian Truck Volvo VNM630 Weight: 24T Time of entrance: 10:00
Marijuana, 5 kgr. Price: R$ 16,000
Truck Volvo FH12 Weight: 243T Time of entrance: 09:30
Cargo handler, ID no. 547 Sex: male Age: 39 yrs old
Cargo handler, ID no. 976 Sex: male Age: 25 yrs old
Cargo handler, ID no. 254 Sex: male Age: 58 yrs old
Truck Freightliner FLA 7542T Weight: 26T Time of entrance: 08:05
157
158
RIO PARANĂ - FREE SMUGGLING ZONE
Taurus PT 100 AF - calibre .40 S&W Price: R$ 900 Carabina Taurus CT40 - calibre .40 S&W Price: R$ 1,700 Sub-metralhadora Taurus SMT40 - calibre .40 S&W Price: R$ 3,200
Delivery handler, ID no. 106 Sex: male Age: 33 yrs old
Fuzil Imbel Para-Fal - calibre 7,62x51mm Price: R$ 2,200
Truck MAN-VW 8.150 Weight: 1,307T Time of entrance: 06:52
LUIS FELIPE PARIS
159
160
RIO PARANÁ - FREE SMUGGLING ZONE
LUIS FELIPE PARIS
Truck Kenworth T600 Weight: 18T Time of entrance: 14:25
Truck Volvo VNM630 Weight: 24T Time of entrance: 09:30
Marijuana, 5 kgr. Price: R$ 16,000
Cocaine, 100 gr. Price: R$ 21,000 Delivery handler, ID no. 148 Sex: male Age: 35 yrs old
161
162
RIO PARANÁ - FREE SMUGGLING ZONE
LUIS FELIPE PARIS
Item no. 53,424 Section: Clothing Price: R$ 85
Customer no. 587 Nationality: brazilian
Truck Kenworth T600 Weight: 18T Time of entrance: 14:25
Taurus single action army revolver Price: R$ 3,000 M1903 Springfield armory riffle Price: R$ 1,700
Cargo handler, ID no. 148 Sex: male Age: 47 yrs old
163
“Objects perhaps created for eternity from marble and mirrors, or for the present from paper and flowers — objects made to die at their appointed hours, and which have this sense of death amongst their characteristics. Objects, which can easily be carried about,if we choose to become nomads, to stay in one place forever.” -SUPERSTUDIO