STUDIO AIR JOURNAL by Liao Bluson

studio air Journal NAME: JIANGLING LIAO SEMESTER ONE, 2016 TUTOR: SONYA PARTON UNIT: 8

ONTENTS PART A: CONCEPTUALISATION

A0. INTROUDUCTION A1. DESIGN FUTURING A2. DESIGN COMPUTATION A3. COMPOSITION/GENERATION A4. CONCLUSION A5. LEARNING OUTCOMES APPENDIX: ALGORITHMIC SKETCHBOOK REFERENCE LIST

NTRODUCTION NAME: JIANGLING LIAO STUDENT NUMBER: 683672 COURSE: BACHELOR OF ENVIRONMENTS MAJOR: ARCHITECTURE INSTITUTION: UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE

I grew in an Architecture family. My parents were

Digital Design and Fabrication lead my into a further

the project manager and electric welder in the

thinkings of computing design by designing an

biggest China construction company, China

object that accurately fit the body, expressing the

State Construction Engineering Corporation. As a

emotion change and defining the personal space.

result, I spent the most of my school holiday in the

Measuring the body in order to customize the object

builders' temporary sheds in all parts of the China.

that fit body reminded me the term of parametric.

I witness the erections of varieties of buildings and

The design purpose inspired me that Parametric

urbanization of the China. Since I immigrant with

Design is not only about making output fancy but

the change of the construction site locations from

acting as a tool that can be controlled by designer

one city to another. I frequently observed the

to solve problems that are hard to be solved by

negotiations between my parents and builders,

traditional methods. This subject drops me into a

architects, material suppliers and investors.

really excited journey of parametric design.

Architects occupied a significant position in the symposiums since they are creators. A n architecture

I attended the 2015 parametric design workshop

seed was planted in my childhood mind.

in Tsinghua University and 2015 AA summer school in Shanghai. I trying to using parametric design

As for the digital design, my experience starts

method to find out a new weaving way which can

from the Rhino Workshop at the middle of 2014

be used to braided arbitrarily shapes with Tsinghua

in Shenzhen. Since I purely have no background

students. And practically design a future master

of hand drawing. Computing design plays an

plan for Shanghai French Concession by analyzing

important role in expressing ideas and forming

the history of the site and applying different building

concepts for me. I was surprised by this 3D Modeling

topologies in Shanghai with the multiple criterial for

tools, since it can shape infinite forms whatever

future.

and whenever you think. I use Rhino in my previous two Studio: Earth and Water. My works emphasis

Architectural Design Studio: Air is the first subject I will

on giving the clients unique experience and fickle

participate in, which focus on the field of parametric

emotions by creating transformable and sensible

design. I wish that I can learn an integrated process

space.

of parametric design and fabrication skills from this subject.

Master plan Form-finding

Tutor Name: Zheng Lei Architectural Association Visiting School Figure 1- ‘Customized City’, Digital Urban Design for Shanghai AA Visting School, 2015 Unit Number: 7 AAVS Shanghai Summer School Student Names:

10-18 July 2015

Figure 2- ‘Weaving arbitrarily geometry’, Digital Design for Tsinghua University Parametric Design Workshop, 2015

Figure 3- ‘Micro-behaviours’, Second Skin design for ‘Digital Design and Fabrication’ subject, 2015

A1.

ESIGH FUTURING "Not in trying to predict the future but in using design to open up all sorts of possibilities that can be discussed, debated, and used to collectively define a preferable future for a given group of people: from companies, to cities, to societies."1

1. Dunne, Anthony & Raby, Fiona (2013) Speculative Everything: 6 Design Fiction, and Social Dreaming (MIT Press) pp. 1-9, 33-45

ASE STUDY 01

Project: Cloud Corridor Architect: Yansong Ma Location: Los Angeles, USA Date:2015

This project is a competition work and has not been built, which can be considered as an experimental

01 Urban Density

attempt that towards to the future. Critically, it may

Changing the life pattern to challednge the likly super-

lack of considering for the construction phase. But it

high desity urban in the future. The project considers

still gives us some possibilities1 and alternative solutions

the problem of sprawl in cities and gives a typological

to the urban development. Dealing with the limitation

alternative: “the high-density vertical village”. By

of the urban land by changing the urban fabric

reorienting the streets vertically, nine interconnected

and change life pattern from horizontal to vertical.

residential towers redistribute the urban fabric to

The social and residential activities will happens in

cohere disparate neighborhoods into a vertical village

3 dimensional axis of the cities.In a result, a mass

with public spaces and gardens in the sky according

of space will be exploit. To order to deal with the

. Connective corridors weave circulation between

shortages of the urban green land. Vertical garden also

towers to foster a sense of community among residents

hired by the architect, this design is trying to give us the

and activate the towers as a “bustling village” within

more sustainable solutions for the urban space in the

the city. Formally, the high-rise tower is a statement of

future. The idea of using Podium as the park maintains

power and social context. Cloud Corridor reconsiders

the theory of democratic design. Since the people

modernism’s residential tower typology and folds in

have greater power in deciding the environment what

the design philosophy that residential building should

they wish to live. The podium park offers a mass of

respond to nature and emphasize the environment.2

possible functions for people to choose.

02 Vertical gradens

03 Podium park

This attampt really reforces the isuue of sustanable

Adjacent to Museum Row, Cloud Corridor’s speculated

future. Acted as an urban landmark,this project shows

site sits above a forthcoming Metro station and

the passion to nature. Each floor-plate contain gardens

provides an opportunity to propel nature into the

to associate with residential units. The garden patios

everyday life of the city. Cloud Corridor’s podium

and courtyards provide a unique environment within

dually serves as a public park and as a transportation

the surrounding urban density , and provide a retreat

hub, providing the site for activity after museum hours.

from the everyday among nature. Elevated corridors and multi-level garden patios shape the city skyline

The sculpted podium is covered with a grass lawn and

and provide viewing platforms for residents to overlook

punctuated by trees; the transformation of its massing

the busy activity below and the natural landscape

suggest the image of rolling hills. Simultaneously, the podium lifts away from the ground to reveal both a

beyond .

private-access lobby for tower residents and entry for Metro Station patrons 3. Merging infrastructure with nature, Cloud Corridor’s podium blurs the boundary between urban landscape and natural scenery2. 1.Dunne, Anthony & Raby, Fiona (2013) Speculative Everything: Design Fiction, and Social Dreaming (MIT Press) pp. 1-9, 33-45 2.Yansong Ma, ‘MAD Envisions the Future of Residential Buildings in Los Angeles ’, in MAD Architecturres <http://www.i-mad.com/> [accessed 7 March 2016] 3.Karissa Rosenfield, ‘MAD Architects Envision the Future of Housing in Los Angeles’, in Archdaily <http://www.archdaily.com/> [accessed 7 March 2016] 4.Lucy Wang, ‘MAD Architects unveil futuristic Cloud Corridor skyscrapers for Los Angeles’, in Inhabitat <http://www.inhabitat.com/> [accessed 7 March 2016]

Image source:

http://inhabitat.com/mad-architects-unveil-futuristic-cloud-corridor-skyscrapers-for-los-angeles/

Image source:

http://inhabitat.com/mad-architects-unveil-futuristic-cloud-corridor-skyscrapers-for-los-angeles/

Image source:

http://inhabitat.com/mad-architects-unveil-futuristic-cloud-corridor-skyscrapers-for-los-angeles/

ASE STUDY 02

Project: Masterplan Predicts Future of Self-Sustaining Cities Architect: Vincent Callebaut Location: Roma, Italy Date:2015

This master plan designed by the Vincent Callebaut

trying to reuse a forgotten military district and gives it

Architectures is the winners of a international planing

new energy. Design future need to fill the gap between

architectural competition. This plan provides a Self-

current situation and the changes in political, social

Sustaining Cities system for Italy, which bounds the

and economic field.1 With the consideration of present

historical continuity with the sustainability. The project

situation and environments of the military district, the

urban ecosystem borns from the existing infrastructure,

sides and sitting back from the main street for ensured

responding to the site’s past as well as making it

privacy. Each of the buildings explores the notion of

livable for today’s occupants. The empty shells of its

public-private through the rooftop orchards, which

industrial history are fitted with updated amenities,

provide an element of seclusion even within the public

transforming the buildings into diverse lofts. Similarly,

spaces. The extensive use of trees on the rooftops and

the existing paths are made into a usable network

balconies not only beautifies the district, but represents

through the insertion of public areas organized on a

self-sufficiency. These gardens provide residents with

grid, systematizing the layout of the entire site .

self-renewing sources of food. Additionally, they are also play an important role in the aspects of CO2

In order to maintain the balance between public

filtration and harmful particulate removal3.

space and private rooms, the city compartmentalizes its functions. Although both the residential and

Natural daylighting , rainwater retention and recycling

commercial activities define the perimeter of the site,

system, have significant impacts on preserving

the residences maintain their intimacy by their distance

resources. Other sustainable strides are made through

from the commercial activities, occupying opposing

photovoltaic electricity production, a hybridized

lighting system with integrated wind turbines, and hot water production through solar tubes.

1.Fry, Tony (2008). Design Futuring: Sustainability, Ethics and New Practice (Oxford: Berg), pp. 1–16

Additionally, the urban ecosystem is unique. The functional zone is accessible by walk 4. All cars are

2.Vincent Callebaut, ‘Future of Self-Sustaining Cities’, in Vincent Callebaut

kept outside the living space to mitigate the harmful

Architectures <http://vincent.callebaut.org/> [accessed 7 March 2016]

emissions.Adjacent to Museum Row, Cloud Corridor’s speculated site sits above a forthcoming Metro station

3.Holly Giermann, ‘Città della Scienza Masterplan Predicts Future of Self-Sustaining

and provides an opportunity to propel nature into the

Cities’, in Archdaily <http://www.archdaily.com/> [accessed 7 March 2016]

everyday life of the city. 4.Kristine Lofgren, ‘Vincent Callebaut’s City of Science in Rome is turning a former military district into a self-sufficient urban ecosystem’, in Inhabitat <http://www. inhabitat.com/> [accessed 7 March 2016]

Image source:

http://www.archdaily.com/611976/vincent-callebaut-masterplan-predicts-future-of-self-sustaining-cities

Image source:

http://www.archdaily.com/611976/vincent-callebaut-masterplan-predicts-future-of-self-sustaining-cities

Image source:

http://www.archdaily.com/611976/vincent-callebaut-masterplan-predicts-future-of-self-sustaining-cities

A2.

ESIGH COMPUTATION "Parametric design as a facility for the control of topological relationships enables the creation and modulation o f the differentiation o f the elements o f a design. The capability to create and modulate differentiation in various scales such as the gradation of elements in building facades or in urban schemes has begun to be exploited as a characteristic enabling facility of parametric design."1

Kalay, Yehuda E. (2004). Architecture’s New Media: Principles, Theories, and Methods of Computer-Aided Design (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press), pp. 5-25

ASE STUDY 01

Project: Shanghai Tower Architect: Gensler Location: Shanghai, China Date: 2014

Shanghai Tower is organized as nine cylindrical

computational design software offer 6 best alternative

buildings stacked one atop the other. The inner layer

solutions for architect by using these data and working

of the double-skin façade encloses the stacked

with the local climate in Shanghai3. This process may

buildings, while the exterior façade creates the

be hared to achieve by the traditional design method.

building envelope, which rotates 120 degrees as it

However, in order to maintain the design concept. The

rises and gives Shanghai Tower its distinctive, curving

final design form still chosen by the architect manually.

appearance. The spaces between the two façade

The computational design helps architect easily refined

layers create nine atrium sky gardens1.

the tower’s form, which reduced building wind loads by 24 percent. The result is a lighter structure that saved

Computational design plays a significant role in the

$58 million in costly materials2.

process of the form finding of the Shanghai Tower. Since Shanghai Tower is the second highest building

In addition, the computational method is not only

in the World in the design time. The skyscraper usually

affect the design phase but also the construction

facing the wind loads problem. The engineer doing

phase. The Outer Skin. Constructing a complex building

the wind tunnel experiment and extract the data. The

shape that had never before been conceived required

the most innovative tools. Designed with 20,000 +

construction work happens in reality. During the pre-

curtain wall panels—including more than 7,000 unique

constructed process, there are a mass of error and

shapes —the façade would have been challenging

joint problem were found by the software and then

to envision using traditional computer-aided design

overcome by the computer. This correction helps the

tools. With parametric software, however, Gensler was

investor save a lot in the construction phase. The BIM

able to create a system that balances performance,

also applied to the site to achieve “no paper work”,

constructability, maintenance and design. Precise

each element and schedule become clearer that the

tolerances were achieved by placing lasers on the site

CAD ages. In the result, Shanghai tower is accurately

to take measurements.

complete in the estimated time.

Futhernmore, the construction company engaged the project earlier than the traditional project. The construction company work well with the architect and engineer through the BIM Modeling and construction tools. The building was pre-constructed before the

1.Aleksandar Sasha Zeljic, ‘Shanghai Tower Facade Design Process’, in Gensler <http://www.gensler.com/> [accessed 12 March 2016] 2.Karissa Rosenfield, ‘Gensler Tops Out on World's Second Tallest Skyscraper: Shanghai Tower ’, in Archdaily <http://www.archdaily.com/> [accessed 12 March 2016] 3.Toronto University, High Reynolds Number Tests, Shanghai Center Tower (Canada: Guelph, 2012), p.1-12. Image Source:http://www.archdaily.com/413793/gensler-tops-out-on-world-ssecond-tallest-skyscraper-shanghai-tower

Image Source:http://www.archdaily.com/413793/gensler-tops-out-on-world-s-second-tallest-skyscraper-shanghai-tower

ASE STUDY 02

Project: Guangzhou Opera House Architect: Zaha Hadid Architects Location: Guangzhou, China Date: 2010

Computational design helps architect to establish

However, computational design also likely to create the

their own brand. Since the core of the computational

building that out of the control in both architecturally

design is to set the rule for the computer and extract

and constructionally. In the architecturally thinkings,

the results provided by the computer. As a result, the

the large scale of the building form may not really

rule and the selection become the two most important

suitable for the local conditions. The similar rules create

steps. However, the rule and selection methods is

the similar building s may caused the fact that the

effected by the architects themselves. Every architect

architecture industry is loosing their function of cultural

has his own style and logic. Zaha Hadid is significant

symbolization. The buildings create by the similar rule

example. People always can easily recognized her

would be homogenous. As a result, the creatively

own style through her projects with the linear and

thinking still required in the process of the computation.

smooth form in a relatively large scale. In terms of construction, the irregular form massively The form of the Guangzhou Opera House is organic.

increase the construction load. The engineer and

The form is followed by the concept and is achieved

architect need to locate, separate and optimized the

by the parametric design. Guangzhou opera House is

facade panel into relatively similar size and standard.

shaped from the concepts of natural landscape and

The work load is huge and the result is not that excited.

fascinating interplay between architecture and nature,

Most of the panel needed to be precast by the CNC

engaging with the principle of erosion, geology and

in the factory individually and then transferred to the

topography. The Guangzhou Opera House has been

site2. This requires the higher standard ability for both

particularly influenced by river valleys and the way in

architects and the construction groups. It cost a lot in

which they are transformed by erosion1. This organic

the process of the customizing manufacturing and

form would be difficult to achieve by the traditional

building materials.

forming process, since the facade of the building is continues and shaped according to the input data.

However, the building performance is better off from

The traditional forming process is impossible to achieve

the computation. In order to achieve the prefect

the variety in the every angle of the building. The

sound in the theater. The specialist in acoustics is

computation process is much easier helps architects

invited to the project and engage with the architect to

to find a more nature form. The shape of two stones for

set the rule3. The acoustic panel is customized with the

Guangzhou Opera House. It is therefore, computational

acoustic theory. The dimension and the location of the

design can transform site analysis datas even the local

hole in each panel is various and precast by the laser

cultural datas into architectural languages and create

machines in the factory.

the better solutions. 1.Joseph Giovannini, ‘Guangzhou Opera House’, in Architect <http://www.architectmagazine.com/> [accessed 12 March 2016] 2.Iwan Baan, ‘Guangzhou Opera House / Zaha Hadid Architects ’, in Archdaily <http://www.archdaily.com/> [accessed 12 March 2016] 3.Luis Pina Lopes, ‘Parametric Architecture and Design ’, in Scoop <http://www.scoop.it/t/parametric-architecture-and-design> [accessed 12 March 2016]

Image source:

http://www.archdaily.com/115949/guangzhou-opera-house-zaha-hadid-architects

Image source:

http://www.archdaily.com/115949/guangzhou-opera-house-zaha-hadid-architects

Image source:

http://www.archdaily.com/115949/guangzhou-opera-house-zaha-hadid-architects

A3.

OMPOSITION/GENERATION "The processing of information and interactions between elements which constitute a specific environment; it provides a framework for negotiating and influencing the interrelation of datasets of information, with the capacity to generate complex order, form, and structure."1

1.Peters, Brady. (2013) â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thoughtâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;, Architectural Design, 83, 2, pp. 08-15

ASE STUDY 01

Project: Beijing national Aquatics Center : Water Cube Architects: PTW Architects, CSCEC, CCDI and Arup Location: Beijing, China Date: 2004

For centuries architects have begun the design

In addition to the structural advantages, Arup

process by sketching concepts and geometric forms.

estimated that it saved $10 million on design costs

The designer puts stick to dirt, pen to paper or mouse

alone compared with traditional design methods3.

to mousepad. But this centuries old notion of how to begin the design process is changing. Architects

However computation is not the perfect solution for

are using the process with scripts, algorithms and

the architecture industry. Since the process of selecting

simulations. They feed detailed project data and

one of these alternatives to design a highly functional

requirements into these programs and are fed

and beautiful corporate building that reflects the

back multiple design iterations optimized to meet

client’s aesthetic, cultural and corporate values

these requirements. This process has been called

cannot be replaced by computer. Human beings is

“computational design” and “generative design”1,

ideally suitable for this.

The Water Cube's soap bubble-like structure is an

Furthermore, computational design isn’t a death of

example of this approach. Computational design

CAD or death of composition design moment. The

helps a lot in this process. Rather than using multiple

data and design parameters generated by these

versions to decide what is best based on comparison,

algorithms aren’t meant to replace a 3D model or

architects can instead use compuing power to find

floorplan. Instead they are an upstream process that

structural solutions that are self-organizing; that is, not

will inform those models and floorplans. Architects

decided on by an individual but arrived at by genetic

spend much of their time collaborating with clients,

algorithms that iteratively apply relatively simple rules.

finding mutually agreeable solutions and making

Design groups calculate that the most efficient way

qualitative decisions – all tasks that humans tend to do

to divide a space into cells of equal volume while

better than computers.

minimizing the surface area between them was to use a stacked arrangement composed of 75% 14-sided shapes and 25% 12-sided shapes2. But since the resulting structure would have 22,000 steel members connected at 12,000 nodes 2, generating an actual model based on the idea exceeded the reach of conventional design.This is the type of timeconsuming computational work that is ideally suited to a computer. Arup wrote parametric software

1.Builtr, ‘Generative Architecture-Transformation by Computation; <http://www.builtr.io/> [accessed 15 March 2016]

that automated the drawing and analysis process.

2.Holly Giermann, ‘Generative Design Is Changing the Face of Architecture’, in Cadlyst <http://www.cadalyst.com/> [accessed

Based on specified design constraints and less than

15 March 2016]

190 loading scenarios, the algorithm iteratively

3.Sander Boer, ‘Generative Design is the Future’, in Anarchi <http://www.anarchi.cc/> [accessed 15 March 2016]

checked the distribution of forces through the entire structure based on specific member sizes, allowing the team to test different design configurations and receive feedback within 25 minutes3. The result was a spectacular building with a sophisticated structure that is optimized in terms of material weight-to-strength ratio, and it was achieved with relative ease.

Image source:

http://www.cadalyst.com/cad/building-design/generative-design-is-changing-face-architecture-12948

Image source:

http://www.cadalyst.com/cad/building-design/generative-design-is-changing-face-architecture-12948

Image source:

http://www.cadalyst.com/cad/building-design/generative-design-is-changing-face-architecture-12948

ASE STUDY 02

Project: Pavilion for One Summer Architects: Students at the University of Innsbruck Location: Austria Date: 2013

Computational design has revolution changes the

rule according to Frank Wright3. He also raised that the

recognition of the architecture. In the composition

most rational design is the most organic design that

architecture forming system, we recognized the

followed the order of the nature.

object under the system of “rational geometry”, such as cylinder, diamonds, sphere and etc.. This

Computational design provide a better solution

logic shapes our imagination and recognition about

to analysis and simulate the nature and make the

the architectures. The buildings should look like the

architecture become organic. The forms of sand dune,

building. This traditional mode of thinkings are result

water drop and stone can be analysis and understand

from the functionalist. The architecture has its own

by the architects and then using the computational

orders and the arrangement of the a building is the

method to create. Not only the rule of the nature can

result of the functional distribution . The creativity in the

be used as the script for computational design but also

traditional composition mode design is deconstruction

the rule that discovered by multiple－disciplines, such

and geometry form changes.

as engineering, biology. The more various, rational, harmony forms can be created. This is called “the

H o w e v e r, t h e b a s i c d e s i g n e l e m e n t s i n t h e

second nature”. The architects can test more efficient

computational design process is computer script

form without the reference to the history and the

rather than geometry. The computer scripts create

experiences.

the irregular form that hard to be described by the traditional geometry under the composition system.

The Sea Urchin Skeletons Pavilion is an appropriate

They are Nurb surface, Nurb curves and the points2.

example for this argument.The organic shape of the

Parametricism creates a new style of building form,

pavilion resembles the structure of a sea urchin, whose

which give us a new way to explode the world through

superior anatomy and structure have inspired the

scripts rather than through geometry. In other words,

creation of numerous parametric designs over the

architects set the scripts for computer, through the

years. In the case of this wooden pavilion, the cellular

mass of computer calculation, the various of forms with

structure of the sea urchin skeleton was translated into

the mathematic logic are generated automatically.

a shape made out of 30 D-forms with circular openings. The D-forms were arranged in a voronoi-pattern and

In the our physical nature world, most of the object

intersected to create the final design1.

are irregular. They are formed by the nature principles. They are generated by the very simple rule but

The structural efficiency optimization was applied to

achieve in a mass quantities and large scale. The

this project to optimize the structural of the pavilion

complex geometry always achieved by the simple

created by the natural rule, in order to save the material usage.

1.Lidija Grozdanic, ‘Wooden ‘Pavilion for One Summer’ in Austria is Modeled After Sea Urchin Skeletons', in Inhabitat <http://www.inhabitat.com/> [accessed 18 March 2016] 2.Harvard University, ‘Gernerative Design’, in Harvard University <http://www.gsd.harvard.edu/> [accessed 18 March 2016] 3.Patrikschumancher, ‘Gernerative Design in Architecture, in Patrischumancher <http://www.patrikschumacher.com/> [accessed 13W March 2016]

Image source:

http://inhabitat.com/wooden-pavilion-for-one-summer-in-austria-uses-parametric-modeling-to-mimic-sea-urchin-skeletons/

Image source:

http://inhabitat.com/wooden-pavilion-for-one-summer-in-austria-uses-parametric-modeling-to-mimic-sea-urchin-skeletons/

Image source:

http://inhabitat.com/wooden-pavilion-for-one-summer-in-austria-uses-parametric-modeling-to-mimic-sea-urchin-skeletons/

A4.

ONCLUSION Part A Journal discuss a process of the changing in the architectural industry. Computational design opens a new sustainable design future for all the architects and changes the way we discover the world. Moving from the geometry base to script base considerations. Computational design provides us boarder possibility and increase the building performance. But it still cause problem on the constriction phase. The project requires customized materials and higher manufacturing skills. Since the result of the computational design is hard to be estimated, the design concept is relatively difficult to achieve by the computational design. This requires advanced level of the control ability and the experience of architects.

I intend to not only problem solving but also creating a new order and rule for Merri Creek community in term of create a sustainable future. The investigation of the Merri Creek ecosystem is significant for my design. This included the vegetation and animal types and theirs living conditions. I tying to promote the communication between the nature and human but not damage the habitats for animals and vegetations. The animal lifecycle and human footprint would be transformed to my input data. I trying to find simple rule that can deal with this complex problem. Let them intersect but not swallow each others.

A5.

EARNING OUTCOMES The readings and lectures give me a brand new thinking of the design process. I recognize all the project that did with the Grasshopper was computational design before I took this subject. But I have a clearer definition about computerization and computation. Computational design gives us a new way to define our world. To create the form with the rule that set by the architect. The parameter can control and change the form in a given range. The design is not start from the geometry and composition but the computer script and the mathematic logic behind the script.

pay more attention on the connection between the script and my design concept. Use the grasshopper as a tool to generate the form for me. And select the most appropriate solution according to the concept manually by myself. Fabrication is another issue about the crisis of the computational design. Instead of forming complex and unachievable geometry, I will trying to extract the basic rule from nature. The organic shape will be create by the simple rule. Always take the fabrication into consideration during the modeling phase. The optimization of the form according to the manufactural requirement is significant necessary.

Computational design provide me infinite possibility. The design can start from any disciplines and achieve the mass of result that cannot be estimated. The result than can be optimized by the analysis script. Computational design have the mass calculation ability and give you the most accurate and suitable result according to result. Computational design effect the design process from every phase included form finding, building performance increasing and the construction managing. However, I also noticed that the computational design in some aspect is really dangerous. The design is likely to occur formalism. In this situation, I should

To rethink of my previous works. I find that I was doing both composition design and computational design. For the function and space focus design I used the compositional design that can think every space carefully. The form is followed by the function requirements. As for the large scale urban design and the design that emphasis on the local environment. The computational design probably offer me a better solution by applying the topology locally.

A6.

LGORITHMIC SKETCHES

2 27

EFERENCE LIST Aleksandar Sasha Zeljic, ‘Shanghai Tower Facade Design Process’, in Gensler <http://www.gensler.com/> [accessed 12 March 2016] Builtr, ‘Generative Architecture-Transformation by Computation; <http://www.builtr. io/> [accessed 15 March 2016] Dunne, Anthony & Raby, Fiona (2013) Speculative Everything: Design Fiction, and Social Dreaming (MIT Press) pp. 1-9, 33-45 Fry, Tony (2008). Design Futuring: Sustainability, Ethics and New Practice (Oxford: Berg), pp. 1–16 Holly Giermann, ‘Generative Design Is Changing the Face of Architecture’, in Cadlyst <http://www.cadalyst.com/> [accessed 15 March 2016] Sander Boer, ‘Generative Design is the Future’, in Anarchi <http://www.anarchi. cc/> [accessed 15 March 2016] Harvard University, ‘Gernerative Design’, in Harvard University <http://www.gsd. harvard.edu/> [accessed 18 March 2016] Holly Giermann, ‘Città della Scienza Masterplan Predicts Future of Self-Sustaining Cities’, in Archdaily <http://www.archdaily.com/> [accessed 7 March 2016]. Iwan Baan, ‘Guangzhou Opera House / Zaha Hadid Architects ’, in Archdaily <http://www.archdaily.com/> [accessed 12 March 2016] Joseph Giovannini, ‘Guangzhou Opera House’, in Architect <http://www. architectmagazine.com/> [accessed 12 March 2016] Kalay, Yehuda E. (2004). Architecture’s New Media: Principles, Theories, and Methods of Computer-Aided Design (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press), pp. 5-25 Karissa Rosenfield, ‘Gensler Tops Out on World's Second Tallest Skyscraper: Shanghai Tower ’, in Archdaily <http://www.archdaily.com/> [accessed 12 March 2016]

Karissa Rosenfield, ‘MAD Architects Envision the Future of Housing in Los Angeles’, in Archdaily <http://www.archdaily.com/> [accessed 7 March 2016] Kristine Lofgren, ‘Vincent Callebaut’s City of Science in Rome is turning a former military district into a self-sufficient urban ecosystem’, in Inhabitat <http://www. inhabitat.com/> [accessed 7 March 2016] Lidija Grozdanic, ‘Wooden ‘Pavilion for One Summer’ in Austria is Modeled After Sea Urchin Skeletons', in Inhabitat <http://www.inhabitat.com/> [accessed 18 March 2016] Lucy Wang, ‘MAD Architects unveil futuristic Cloud Corridor skyscrapers for Los Angeles’, in Inhabitat <http://www.inhabitat.com/> [accessed 7 March 2016] Luis Pina Lopes, ‘Parametric Architecture and Design ’, in Scoop <http://www. scoop.it/t/parametric-architecture-and-design> [accessed 12 March 2016] Patrikschumancher, ‘Gernerative Design in Architecture, in Patrischumancher <http://www.patrikschumacher.com/> [accessed 13W March 2016] Peters, Brady. (2013) ‘Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, Architectural Design, 83, 2, pp. 08-15 Toronto University, High Reynolds Number Tests, Shanghai Center Tower (Canada: Guelph, 2012), p.1-12. Yansong Ma, ‘MAD Envisions the Future of Residential Buildings in Los Angeles ’, in MAD Architecturres <http://www.i-mad.com/> [accessed 7 March 2016] Vincent Callebaut, ‘Future of Self-Sustaining Cities’, in Vincent Callebaut Architectures <http://vincent.callebaut.org/> [accessed 7 March 2016]