Journal part b by Liao Bluson

ESIGH FUTURING PART A: CONCEPTUALISATION

A0. INTROUDUCTION A1. DESIGN FUTURING A2. DESIGN COMPUTATION A3. COMPOSITION/GENERATION A4. CONCLUSION A5. LEARNING OUTCOMES APPENDIX: ALGORITHMIC SKETCHBOOK REFERENCE LIST

NTRODUCTION NAME: JIANGLING LIAO STUDENT NUMBER: 683672 COURSE: BACHELOR OF ENVIRONMENTS MAJOR: ARCHITECTURE INSTITUTION: UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE

I grew in an Architecture family. My parents were

Digital Design and Fabrication lead my into a further

the project manager and electric welder in the

thinkings of computing design by designing an

biggest China construction company, China

object that accurately fit the body, expressing the

State Construction Engineering Corporation. As a

emotion change and defining the personal space.

result, I spent the most of my school holiday in the

Measuring the body in order to customize the object

builders' temporary sheds in all parts of the China.

that fit body reminded me the term of parametric.

I witness the erections of varieties of buildings and

The design purpose inspired me that Parametric

urbanization of the China. Since I immigrant with

Design is not only about making output fancy but

the change of the construction site locations from

acting as a tool that can be controlled by designer

one city to another. I frequently observed the

to solve problems that are hard to be solved by

negotiations between my parents and builders,

traditional methods. This subject drops me into a

architects, material suppliers and investors.

really excited journey of parametric design.

Architects occupied a significant position in the symposiums since they are creators. A n architecture

I attended the 2015 parametric design workshop

seed was planted in my childhood mind.

in Tsinghua University and 2015 AA summer school in Shanghai. I trying to using parametric design

As for the digital design, my experience starts

method to find out a new weaving way which can

from the Rhino Workshop at the middle of 2014

be used to braided arbitrarily shapes with Tsinghua

in Shenzhen. Since I purely have no background

students. And practically design a future master

of hand drawing. Computing design plays an

plan for Shanghai French Concession by analyzing

important role in expressing ideas and forming

the history of the site and applying different building

concepts for me. I was surprised by this 3D Modeling

topologies in Shanghai with the multiple criterial for

tools, since it can shape infinite forms whatever

future.

and whenever you think. I use Rhino in my previous two Studio: Earth and Water. My works emphasis

Architectural Design Studio: Air is the first subject I will

on giving the clients unique experience and fickle

participate in, which focus on the field of parametric

emotions by creating transformable and sensible

design. I wish that I can learn an integrated process

space.

of parametric design and fabrication skills from this subject.

Figure 1- ‘Customized City’, Digital Urban Design for Shanghai AA Visting School, 2015

Figure 2- ‘Weaving arbitrarily geometry’, Digital Design for Tsinghua University Parametric Design Workshop, 2015

Figure 3- ‘Micro-behaviours’, Second Skin design for ‘Digital Design and Fabrication’ subject, 2015

A1.

ESIGH FUTURING

ASE STUDY 01 Project: Cloud Corridor Architect: Yansong Ma Location: Los Angeles, USA Date:2015

This project is a competition work and has not been built, which can be considered as an experimental

01 Urban Density

attempt that towards to the future. Critically, it may

Changing the life pattern to challednge the likly super-

lack of considering for the construction phase. But it

high desity urban in the future. The project considers

still gives us some possibilities and alternative solutions

the problem of sprawl in cities and gives a typological

to the urban development. Dealing with the limitation

alternative: “the high-density vertical village”. By

of the urban land by changing the urban fabric

reorienting the streets vertically, nine interconnected

and change life pattern from horizontal to vertical.

residential towers redistribute the urban fabric to

The social and residential activities will happens in

cohere disparate neighborhoods into a vertical village

3 dimensional axis of the cities.In a result, a mass

with public spaces and gardens in the sky according

of space will be exploit. To order to deal with the

. Connective corridors weave circulation between

shortages of the urban green land. Vertical garden also

towers to foster a sense of community among residents

hired by the architect, this design is trying to give us the

and activate the towers as a “bustling village” within

more sustainable solutions for the urban space in the

the city. Formally, the high-rise tower is a statement of

future. The idea of using Podium as the park maintains

power and social context. Cloud Corridor reconsiders

the theory of democratic design. Since the people

modernism’s residential tower typology and folds in

have greater power in deciding the environment what

the design philosophy that residential building should

they wish to live. The podium park offers a mass of

respond to nature and emphasize the environment.1

possible functions for people to choose.

02 Vertical gradens

03 Podium park

This attampt really reforces the isuue of sustanable

Adjacent to Museum Row, Cloud Corridor’s speculated

future. Acted as an urban landmark,this project shows

site sits above a forthcoming Metro station and

the passion to nature. Each floor-plate contain gardens

provides an opportunity to propel nature into the

to associate with residential units. The garden patios

everyday life of the city. Cloud Corridor’s podium

and courtyards provide a unique environment within

dually serves as a public park and as a transportation

the surrounding urban density , and provide a retreat

hub, providing the site for activity after museum hours.

from the everyday among nature. Elevated corridors and multi-level garden patios shape the city skyline

The sculpted podium is covered with a grass lawn and

and provide viewing platforms for residents to overlook

punctuated by trees; the transformation of its massing

the busy activity below and the natural landscape

suggest the image of rolling hills. Simultaneously, the podium lifts away from the ground to reveal both a

beyond .

private-access lobby for tower residents and entry for Metro Station patrons 2. Merging infrastructure with nature, Cloud Corridor’s podium blurs the boundary between urban landscape and natural scenery1. 1.Yansong Ma, ‘MAD Envisions the Future of Residential Buildings in Los Angeles ’, in MAD Architecturres <http://www.i-mad.com/> [accessed 7 March 2016] 2.Karissa Rosenfield, ‘MAD Architects Envision the Future of Housing in Los Angeles’, in Archdaily <http://www.archdaily.com/> [accessed 7 March 2016] 3.Lucy Wang, ‘MAD Architects unveil futuristic Cloud Corridor skyscrapers for Los Angeles’, in Inhabitat <http://www.inhabitat.com/> [accessed 7 March 2016]

Image source:

http://inhabitat.com/mad-architects-unveil-futuristic-cloud-corridor-skyscrapers-for-los-angeles/

Image source:

http://inhabitat.com/mad-architects-unveil-futuristic-cloud-corridor-skyscrapers-for-los-angeles/

Image source:

http://inhabitat.com/mad-architects-unveil-futuristic-cloud-corridor-skyscrapers-for-los-angeles/

ASE STUDY 02 Project: Masterplan Predicts Future of Self-Sustaining Cities Architect: Vincent Callebaut Location: Roma, Italy Date:2015

This master plan designed by the Vincent Callebaut

trying to reuse a forgotten military district and gives

Architectures is the winners of a international planing

it new energy. With the consideration of present

architectural competition. This plan provides a Self-

situation and environments of the military district, the

Sustaining Cities system for Italy, which bounds the

urban ecosystem borns from the existing infrastructure,

historical continuity with the sustainability. The project

responding to the site’s past as well as making it livable

for today’s occupants. The empty shells of its industrial

public-private through the rooftop orchards, which

history are fitted with updated amenities, transforming

provide an element of seclusion even within the public

the buildings into diverse lofts. Similarly, the existing

spaces. The extensive use of trees on the rooftops and

paths are made into a usable network through

balconies not only beautifies the district, but represents

the insertion of public areas organized on a grid,

self-sufficiency. These gardens provide residents with

systematizing the layout of the entire site .

self-renewing sources of food. Additionally, they are also play an important role in the aspects of CO2

In order to maintain the balance between public

filtration and harmful particulate removal.

space and private rooms, the city compartmentalizes its functions. Although both the residential and

Natural daylighting , rainwater retention and recycling

commercial activities define the perimeter of the site,

system, have significant impacts on preserving

the residences maintain their intimacy by their distance

resources. Other sustainable strides are made through

from the commercial activities, occupying opposing

photovoltaic electricity production, a hybridized

sides and sitting back from the main street for ensured

lighting system with integrated wind turbines, and hot

privacy. Each of the buildings explores the notion of

water production through solar tubes.

Additionally, the urban ecosystem is unique. The

1.Vincent Callebaut, ‘Future of Self-Sustaining Cities’, in Vincent Callebaut

functional zone is accessible by walk 2. All cars are

Architectures <http://vincent.callebaut.org/> [accessed 7 March 2016]

kept outside the living space to mitigate the harmful emissions.Adjacent to Museum Row, Cloud Corridor’s

2.Holly Giermann, ‘Città della Scienza Masterplan Predicts Future of Self-Sustaining

speculated site sits above a forthcoming Metro station

Cities’, in Archdaily <http://www.archdaily.com/> [accessed 7 March 2016]

and provides an opportunity to propel nature into the everyday life of the city.

3.Kristine Lofgren, ‘Vincent Callebaut’s City of Science in Rome is turning a former military district into a self-sufficient urban ecosystem’, in Inhabitat <http://www. inhabitat.com/> [accessed 7 March 2016]

Image source:

http://www.archdaily.com/611976/vincent-callebaut-masterplan-predicts-future-of-self-sustaining-cities

Image source:

http://www.archdaily.com/611976/vincent-callebaut-masterplan-predicts-future-of-self-sustaining-cities

Image source:

http://www.archdaily.com/611976/vincent-callebaut-masterplan-predicts-future-of-self-sustaining-cities

A2.

ESIGH COMPUTATION

ASE STUDY 01 Project: Shanghai Tower Architect: Gensler Location: Shanghai, China Date: 2014

Shanghai Tower is organized as nine cylindrical

computational design software offer 6 best alternative

buildings stacked one atop the other. The inner layer

solutions for architect by using these data and working

of the double-skin façade encloses the stacked

with the local climate in Shanghai3. This process may

buildings, while the exterior façade creates the

be hared to achieve by the traditional design method.

building envelope, which rotates 120 degrees as it

However, in order to maintain the design concept. The

rises and gives Shanghai Tower its distinctive, curving

final design form still chosen by the architect manually.

appearance. The spaces between the two façade

The computational design helps architect easily refined

layers create nine atrium sky gardens1.

the tower’s form, which reduced building wind loads by 24 percent. The result is a lighter structure that saved

Computational design plays a significant role in the

$58 million in costly materials2.

process of the form finding of the Shanghai Tower. Since Shanghai Tower is the second highest building

In addition, the computational method is not only

in the World in the design time. The skyscraper usually

affect the design phase but also the construction

facing the wind loads problem. The engineer doing

phase. The Outer Skin. Constructing a complex building

the wind tunnel experiment and extract the data. The

shape that had never before been conceived required

the most innovative tools. Designed with 20,000 +

construction work happens in reality. During the pre-

curtain wall panels—including more than 7,000 unique

constructed process, there are a mass of error and

shapes —the façade would have been challenging

joint problem were found by the software and then

to envision using traditional computer-aided design

overcome by the computer. This correction helps the

tools. With parametric software, however, Gensler was

investor save a lot in the construction phase. The BIM

able to create a system that balances performance,

also applied to the site to achieve “no paper work”,

constructability, maintenance and design. Precise

each element and schedule become clearer that the

tolerances were achieved by placing lasers on the site

CAD ages. In the result, Shanghai tower is accurately

to take measurements.

complete in the estimated time.

Futhernmore, the construction company engaged the project earlier than the traditional project. The construction company work well with the architect and

1.Aleksandar Sasha Zeljic, ‘Shanghai Tower Facade Design Process’, in Gensler <http://www.gensler.com/> [accessed 12 March 2016] 2.Karissa Rosenfield, ‘Gensler Tops Out on World's Second Tallest Skyscraper: Shanghai Tower ’, in Archdaily <http://www.archdaily.com/> [accessed 12 March 2016]

engineer through the BIM Modeling and construction

3.Toronto University, High Reynolds Number Tests, Shanghai Center Tower (Canada: Guelph, 2012), p.1-12.

tools. The building was pre-constructed before the

Image Source:http://www.archdaily.com/413793/gensler-tops-out-on-world-ssecond-tallest-skyscraper-shanghai-tower

Image Source:http://www.archdaily.com/413793/gensler-tops-out-on-world-s-second-tallest-skyscraper-shanghai-tower

ASE STUDY 02 Project: Guangzhou Opera House Architect: Zaha Hadid Architects Location: Guangzhou, China Date: 2010

Computational design helps architect to establish

However, computational design also likely to create the

their own brand. Since the core of the computational

building that out of the control in both architecturally

design is to set the rule for the computer and extract

and constructionally. In the architecturally thinkings,

the results provided by the computer. As a result, the

the large scale of the building form may not really

rule and the selection become the two most important

suitable for the local conditions. The similar rules create

steps. However, the rule and selection methods is

the similar building s may caused the fact that the

effected by the architects themselves. Every architect

architecture industry is loosing their function of cultural

has his own style and logic. Zaha Hadid is significant

symbolization. The buildings create by the similar rule

example. People always can easily recognized her

would be homogenous. As a result, the creatively

own style through her projects with the linear and

thinking still required in the process of the computation.

smooth form in a relatively large scale. In terms of construction, the irregular form massively The form of the Guangzhou Opera House is organic.

increase the construction load. The engineer and

The form is followed by the concept and is achieved

architect need to locate, separate and optimized the

by the parametric design. Guangzhou opera House is

facade panel into relatively similar size and standard.

shaped from the concepts of natural landscape and

The work load is huge and the result is not that excited.

fascinating interplay between architecture and nature,

Most of the panel needed to be precast by the CNC

engaging with the principle of erosion, geology and

in the factory individually and then transferred to the

topography. The Guangzhou Opera House has been

site2. This requires the higher standard ability for both

particularly influenced by river valleys and the way in

architects and the construction groups. It cost a lot in

which they are transformed by erosion1. This organic

the process of the customizing manufacturing and

form would be difficult to achieve by the traditional

building materials.

forming process, since the facade of the building is continues and shaped according to the input data.

However, the building performance is better off from

The traditional forming process is impossible to achieve

the computation. In order to achieve the prefect

the variety in the every angle of the building. The

sound in the theater. The specialist in acoustics is

computation process is much easier helps architects

invited to the project and engage with the architect to

to find a more nature form. The shape of two stones for

set the rule3. The acoustic panel is customized with the

Guangzhou Opera House. It is therefore, computational

acoustic theory. The dimension and the location of the

design can transform site analysis datas even the local

hole in each panel is various and precast by the laser

cultural datas into architectural languages and create

machines in the factory.

the better solutions. 1.Joseph Giovannini, ‘Guangzhou Opera House’, in Architect <http://www.architectmagazine.com/> [accessed 12 March 2016] 2.Iwan Baan, ‘Guangzhou Opera House / Zaha Hadid Architects ’, in Archdaily <http://www.archdaily.com/> [accessed 12 March 2016] 3.Luis Pina Lopes, ‘Parametric Architecture and Design ’, in Scoop <http://www.scoop.it/t/parametric-architecture-and-design> [accessed 12 March 2016]

Image source:

http://www.archdaily.com/115949/guangzhou-opera-house-zaha-hadid-architects

Image source:

http://www.archdaily.com/115949/guangzhou-opera-house-zaha-hadid-architects

Image source:

http://www.archdaily.com/115949/guangzhou-opera-house-zaha-hadid-architects

A3.

OMPOSITION/GENERATION

ASE STUDY 01 Project: Beijing national Aquatics Center : Water Cube Architects: PTW Architects, CSCEC, CCDI and Arup Location: Beijing, China Date: 2004

For centuries architects have begun the design

In addition to the structural advantages, Arup

process by sketching concepts and geometric forms.

estimated that it saved $10 million on design costs

The designer puts stick to dirt, pen to paper or mouse

alone compared with traditional design methods3.

to mousepad. But this centuries old notion of how to begin the design process is changing. Architects

However computation is not the perfect solution for

are using the process with scripts, algorithms and

the architecture industry. Since the process of selecting

simulations. They feed detailed project data and

one of these alternatives to design a highly functional

requirements into these programs and are fed

and beautiful corporate building that reflects the

back multiple design iterations optimized to meet

client’s aesthetic, cultural and corporate values

these requirements. This process has been called

cannot be replaced by computer. Human beings is

“computational design” and “generative design”1,

ideally suitable for this.

The Water Cube's soap bubble-like structure is an

Furthermore, computational design isn’t a death of

example of this approach. Computational design

CAD or death of composition design moment. The

helps a lot in this process. Rather than using multiple

data and design parameters generated by these

versions to decide what is best based on comparison,

algorithms aren’t meant to replace a 3D model or

architects can instead use compuing power to find

floorplan. Instead they are an upstream process that

structural solutions that are self-organizing; that is, not

will inform those models and floorplans. Architects

decided on by an individual but arrived at by genetic

spend much of their time collaborating with clients,

algorithms that iteratively apply relatively simple rules.

finding mutually agreeable solutions and making

Design groups calculate that the most efficient way

qualitative decisions – all tasks that humans tend to do

to divide a space into cells of equal volume while

better than computers.

minimizing the surface area between them was to use a stacked arrangement composed of 75% 14-sided shapes and 25% 12-sided shapes2. But since the resulting structure would have 22,000 steel members connected at 12,000 nodes 2, generating an actual model based on the idea exceeded the reach of conventional design.This is the type of timeconsuming computational work that is ideally suited to a computer. Arup wrote parametric software

1.Builtr, ‘Generative Architecture-Transformation by Computation; <http://www.builtr.io/> [accessed 15 March 2016]

that automated the drawing and analysis process.

2.Holly Giermann, ‘Generative Design Is Changing the Face of Architecture’, in Cadlyst <http://www.cadalyst.com/> [accessed

Based on specified design constraints and less than

15 March 2016]

190 loading scenarios, the algorithm iteratively

3.Sander Boer, ‘Generative Design is the Future’, in Anarchi <http://www.anarchi.cc/> [accessed 15 March 2016]

checked the distribution of forces through the entire structure based on specific member sizes, allowing the team to test different design configurations and receive feedback within 25 minutes 3. The result was a spectacular building with a sophisticated structure that is optimized in terms of material weight-to-strength ratio, and it was achieved with relative ease.

Image source:

http://www.cadalyst.com/cad/building-design/generative-design-is-changing-face-architecture-12948

Image source:

http://www.cadalyst.com/cad/building-design/generative-design-is-changing-face-architecture-12948

Image source:

http://www.cadalyst.com/cad/building-design/generative-design-is-changing-face-architecture-12948

ASE STUDY 02 Project: Pavilion for One Summer Architects: Students at the University of Innsbruck Location: Austria Date: 2013

Computational design has revolution changes the

rule according to Frank Wright3. He also raised that the

recognition of the architecture. In the composition

most rational design is the most organic design that

architecture forming system, we recognized the

followed the order of the nature.

object under the system of “rational geometry”, such as cylinder, diamonds, sphere and etc.. This

Computational design provide a better solution

logic shapes our imagination and recognition about

to analysis and simulate the nature and make the

the architectures. The buildings should look like the

architecture become organic. The forms of sand dune,

building. This traditional mode of thinkings are result

water drop and stone can be analysis and understand

from the functionalist. The architecture has its own

by the architects and then using the computational

orders and the arrangement of the a building is the

method to create. Not only the rule of the nature can

result of the functional distribution . The creativity in the

be used as the script for computational design but also

traditional composition mode design is deconstruction

the rule that discovered by multiple－disciplines, such

and geometry form changes.

as engineering, biology. The more various, rational, harmony forms can be created. This is called “the

H o w e v e r, t h e b a s i c d e s i g n e l e m e n t s i n t h e

second nature”. The architects can test more efficient

computational design process is computer script

form without the reference to the history and the

rather than geometry. The computer scripts create

experiences.

the irregular form that hard to be described by the traditional geometry under the composition system.

The Sea Urchin Skeletons Pavilion is an appropriate

They are Nurb surface, Nurb curves and the points2.

example for this argument.The organic shape of the

Parametricism creates a new style of building form,

pavilion resembles the structure of a sea urchin, whose

which give us a new way to explode the world through

superior anatomy and structure have inspired the

scripts rather than through geometry. In other words,

creation of numerous parametric designs over the

architects set the scripts for computer, through the

years. In the case of this wooden pavilion, the cellular

mass of computer calculation, the various of forms with

structure of the sea urchin skeleton was translated into

the mathematic logic are generated automatically.

a shape made out of 30 D-forms with circular openings. The D-forms were arranged in a voronoi-pattern and

In the our physical nature world, most of the object

intersected to create the final design1.

are irregular. They are formed by the nature principles. They are generated by the very simple rule but

The structural efficiency optimization was applied to

achieve in a mass quantities and large scale. The

this project to optimize the structural of the pavilion

complex geometry always achieved by the simple

created by the natural rule, in order to save the material usage.

Image source:

http://inhabitat.com/wooden-pavilion-for-one-summer-in-austria-uses-parametric-modeling-to-mimic-sea-urchin-skeletons/

Image source:

http://inhabitat.com/wooden-pavilion-for-one-summer-in-austria-uses-parametric-modeling-to-mimic-sea-urchin-skeletons/

Image source:

http://inhabitat.com/wooden-pavilion-for-one-summer-in-austria-uses-parametric-modeling-to-mimic-sea-urchin-skeletons/

A4.

ONCLUSION P art

A Jour nal discuss a process of the changing in the architectural industry. Computational design opens a new sustainable design future for all the architects and changes the way we discover the world. Moving from the geometry base to script base considerations. Computational design provides us boarder possibility and increase the building performance. But it still cause problem on the constriction phase. The project requires customized materials and higher manufacturing skills. Since the result of the computational design is hard to be estimated, the design concept is relatively difficult to achieve by the computational design. This requires advanced level of the control ability and the experience of architects. I intend to not only problem solving but also creating a new order and rule for Merri Creek community in term of create a sustainable future. The investigation of the Merri Creek ecosystem is significant for my design. This included the vegetation and animal types and theirs living conditions. I tying to promote the communication between the nature and human but not damage the habitats for animals and vegetations. The animal lifecycle and human footprint would be transformed to my input data. I trying to find simple rule that can deal with this complex problem. Let them intersect but not swallow each others.

A5.

EARNING OUTCOMES The readings and lectures give me a brand new thinking of the design process. I recognize all the project that did with the Grasshopper was computational design before I took this subject. But I have a clearer definition about computerization and computation. Computational design gives us a new way to define our world. To create the form with the rule that set by the architect. The parameter can control and change the form in a given range. The design is not start from the geometry and composition but the computer script and the mathematic logic behind the script.

pay more attention on the connection between the script and my design concept. Use the grasshopper as a tool to generate the form for me. And select the most appropriate solution according to the concept manually by myself. Fabrication is another issue about the crisis of the computational design. Instead of forming complex and unachievable geometry, I will trying to extract the basic rule from nature. The organic shape will be create by the simple rule. Always take the fabrication into consideration during the modeling phase. The optimization of the form according to the manufactural requirement is significant necessary.

Computational design provide me infinite possibility. The design can start from any disciplines and achieve the mass of result that cannot be estimated. The result than can be optimized by the analysis script. Computational design have the mass calculation ability and give you the most accurate and suitable result according to result. Computational design effect the design process from every phase included form finding, building performance increasing and the construction managing. However, I also noticed that the computational design in some aspect is really dangerous. The design is likely to occur formalism. In this situation, I should

To rethink of my previous works. I find that I was doing both composition design and computational design. For the function and space focus design I used the compositional design that can think every space carefully. The form is followed by the function requirements. As for the large scale urban design and the design that emphasis on the local environment. The computational design probably offer me a better solution by applying the topology locally.

A6.

LGORITHMIC SKETCHES

2 27

EFERENCE LIST

Aleksandar Sasha Zeljic, ‘Shanghai Tower Facade Design Process’, in Gensler <http://www.gensler.com/> [accessed 12 March 2016] Builtr, ‘Generative Architecture-Transformation by Computation; <http://www.builtr. io/> [accessed 15 March 2016] Holly Giermann, ‘Generative Design Is Changing the Face of Architecture’, in Cadlyst <http://www.cadalyst.com/> [accessed 15 March 2016] Sander Boer, ‘Generative Design is the Future’, in Anarchi <http://www.anarchi. cc/> [accessed 15 March 2016] Harvard University, ‘Gernerative Design’, in Harvard University <http://www.gsd. harvard.edu/> [accessed 18 March 2016] Holly Giermann, ‘Città della Scienza Masterplan Predicts Future of Self-Sustaining Cities’, in Archdaily <http://www.archdaily.com/> [accessed 7 March 2016]. Iwan Baan, ‘Guangzhou Opera House / Zaha Hadid Architects ’, in Archdaily <http://www.archdaily.com/> [accessed 12 March 2016] Joseph Giovannini, ‘Guangzhou Opera House’, in Architect <http://www. architectmagazine.com/> [accessed 12 March 2016] Karissa Rosenfield, ‘Gensler Tops Out on World's Second Tallest Skyscraper: Shanghai Tower ’, in Archdaily <http://www.archdaily.com/> [accessed 12 March 2016] Karissa Rosenfield, ‘MAD Architects Envision the Future of Housing in Los Angeles’, in Archdaily <http://www.archdaily.com/> [accessed 7 March 2016] Kristine Lofgren, ‘Vincent Callebaut’s City of Science in Rome is turning a former military district into a self-sufficient urban ecosystem’, in Inhabitat <http://www. inhabitat.com/> [accessed 7 March 2016] Lidija Grozdanic, ‘Wooden ‘Pavilion for One Summer’ in Austria is Modeled After Sea Urchin Skeletons', in Inhabitat <http://www.inhabitat.com/> [accessed 18 March 2016] Lucy Wang, ‘MAD Architects unveil futuristic Cloud Corridor skyscrapers for Los Angeles’, in Inhabitat <http://www.inhabitat.com/> [accessed 7 March 2016] Luis Pina Lopes, ‘Parametric Architecture and Design ’, in Scoop <http://www. scoop.it/t/parametric-architecture-and-design> [accessed 12 March 2016] Patrikschumancher, ‘Gernerative Design in Architecture, in Patrischumancher <http://www.patrikschumacher.com/> [accessed 13W March 2016] Toronto University, High Reynolds Number Tests, Shanghai Center Tower (Canada: Guelph, 2012), p.1-12. Yansong Ma, ‘MAD Envisions the Future of Residential Buildings in Los Angeles ’, in MAD Architecturres <http://www.i-mad.com/> [accessed 7 March 2016] Vincent Callebaut, ‘Future of Self-Sustaining Cities’, in Vincent Callebaut Architectures <http://vincent.callebaut.org/> [accessed 7 March 2016]

PART B

RITERIA DESIGN

B1.

ATTERN Patterns have been covering architectural surfaces since times immemorial. The human body was perhaps the first surface that received designed patterns. Architectural patterns thus have a broad and deep lineage. With such a widespread practice one should not expect a well-defined, unitary function. As practices evolve they acquire new functions and loose their prior functions, or new functions are superimposed upon older functions. Patterns might serve purposes of decorative enhancement, feature accentuation, camouflaging, totemic identification, semiotic differentiation, or any combination of those.

meaning diagnosed in light of postwar aberrations in architecture and urban planning. Islamic buildings are often decorated with geometric patterns which typically make use of several mathematical tessellations, formed of ceramic tiles (girih, zellige) that may themselves be plain or decorated with stripes. Symmetries such as stars with six, eight, or multiples of eight points are used in Islamic patterns. An eight-pointed star made of two squares, one rotated 45 degrees from the other on the same centre. The modernist strictures against ornament/ decoration were first challenged in Postmodernism. Although historical motifs were brought back in a mode of playful eclecticism there was no engagement with systematic articulatory patterning. Notwithstanding minimalisms historical fallacy, it was from within minimalism that the return to patterns, and the attendant new embrace of ornament, was initiated during the 1990s. The seminal project in this respect was Herzog & de Meuron’s 1993 Ricola Storage Building in Mulhouse-Brunstatt, France. The introduction of different surface effects, like different material textures, had already happened within the later phases of modernism. Now artificial, quasi-graphic techniques of surface treatment and surface patterning were deployed.

The notion of pattern formation took production and life conditions by storm at the beginning of the twentieth century, and raised fundamental questions regarding the ornament. Later, around the middle of the century, the autonomy of pattern concepts intensified the call for ornament as a meaningful metaphor. Consequently, architectural criticism that was inspired not least by critical theory no longer primarily focused on a social reality in which everything, previously expressed by ornament, had lost its “symbolic and functional meaning” because mechanical or industrial production methods superseded the traditional relationship between skilled work and ornament. On the contrary: ornament, which was so effectively “ousted” by the paradigm of modern design in the abstraction of material and color, structure, now epitomizes precisely the loss of

Builtr, â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Generative Architecture-Transformation by Computation; <http://www.builtr.io/> [accessed 29 April 2016]

Towards the end of the 1990s new possibilities of patterning were discovered by applying the technique of texture mapping onto the warped nurb surfaces. Built projects achieved these effects by projecting video images onto curvelinear surfaces, or by embedding digital display systems within the surfaces. The technique of texture mapping has since been replaced by scripting and mapping only survives as an initial shortcut to test or illustrate effects that are then to be implemented by scripts. Early examples of nurb surface articulations that were not just arbitrary mappings or projections emerged with the introduction of CNC milling. To insure perfect fit each instantiation is parametrically adapted to its unique position on the host-surface. The result might be called a parametric pattern. However, in this classical set up the curvature variation of the surface provides the data-set that drives the parametric adaptation of the component with the aim of keeping the pattern as even and homogenous as possible. The aim is to maintain component identity by compensating for the underlying surface differentiation.

to correlate with the furnishings within a space. The expected pattern of occupation might also be utilized as data-set driving a corresponding surface differentiation. A sophisticated set up should be able to cater for multiple data-sets simultaneously. Another powerful opportunity is the adaptive differentiation of facades with respect to environmental parameters that strongly vary with the orientation of the surface. Here functional and formal variation go hand in hand. The gradual variation of sunlight intensity on a curved surface translates here into a gradient transformation of the component formation. Within parametricism such functional exigencies are heightened into an artistic concept. Ned kahn wind veil is a great example to demonstrated the weathering correlates patterning design. A 260â&#x20AC;&#x2122; long by 6-story tall facade of a new parking garage in Charlotte, North Carolina was covered with 80,000 small aluminum panels that are hinged to move freely in the wind. Viewed from the outside, the entire wall of the building appears to move in the wind and creates the impression of waves in a field of metallic grass. Inside the building, intricate patterns of light and shadow, similar to the way light filters through the leaves of trees, are projected onto the walls and floor as sunlight passes through this kinetic membrane. In addition to revealing the ever-changing patterns of the invisible wind, the artwork was designed to provide ventilation and shade for the interior of the parking garage.

Parametricism transforms the technique of parametric pattern design into a new and powerful register of articulation. The crucial move that inaugurates parametricist patterning is the move from adaptive compensation to the amplification of differences. The underlying surface variability is utilized as a data-set that can drive a much more radical pattern differentiation. The underlying surface differentiation is thus amplified and made much more conspicuous. A strong emphasis on conspicuous differentiation is one of the hallmarks of parametricism. Differentiation might also be introduced willfully, by â&#x20AC;&#x153;paintingâ&#x20AC;? the surface with any pattern or image that then becomes the dataset to drive component differentiation.

The differentiation of the patterns challenges the fabrication phases a lot. The complex patterns always divided into small species in order to satisfy the requirements of the industrial fabrication, transportation and assembling. Each individuals small species is always various from each other. The optimization is necessary and useful. Classify the panels with the similarity and optimized them into standard size is conducive for the construction speed and cost.

Correlates might further include the apertures that are set into the surface. Patterns might accentuate apertures. A surface might be made

Image source:

http://inhabitat.com/wooden-pavilion-for-one-summer-in-austria-uses-parametric-modeling-to-mimic-sea-urchin-skeletons/

Image source:

http://inhabitat.com/wooden-pavilion-for-one-summer-in-austria-uses-parametric-modeling-to-mimic-sea-urchin-skeletons/

Image source:

http://inhabitat.com/wooden-pavilion-for-one-summer-in-austria-uses-parametric-modeling-to-mimic-sea-urchin-skeletons/

B2.

ASE STUDY 1.0 Herzog & De Meuron is a famous architecture firm that using the computational technology as the design tools. The Patterning are mainly applied to the facade of their designs. De Young Museum is an appropriate example to demonstrated the computational related design. The facades are created by the three different layers of copper with three different simulations patterns to create unique, sensible and nature space.The copper wall would slowly become green due to oxidation and therefore fade into its natural surroundings. The facade is also textured to represent light filtering through a tree.

Image source:

http://inhabitat.com/wooden-pavilion-for-one-summer-in-austria-uses-parametric-modeling-to-mimic-sea-urchin-skeletons/

Image source:

http://inhabitat.com/wooden-pavilion-for-one-summer-in-austria-uses-parametric-modeling-to-mimic-sea-urchin-skeletons/

Image source:

http://inhabitat.com/wooden-pavilion-for-one-summer-in-austria-uses-parametric-modeling-to-mimic-sea-urchin-skeletons/

TERATIONS

Polygen Variation

Image Sampler

Polygen Variation

Image Sampler

Extrusion Variation

Radius Variation

Extrusion Variation

Radius Variation

UCCESSFUL SPECIES

Aesthetic Panel (People can walk) Habitation (For animals) Structure ( Can self support) Extrusion: Graft 44

Aesthetic Panel (People can walk) Habitation (For animals) Structure ( Can self support) Shelter 45

Aesthetic Panel (People can walk) Habitation (For animals) Structure ( Can self support) Contrast Urban Life 46

Aesthetic Panel (People can walk) Habitation (For animals) Structure ( Can self support) Ecolife 47

ELECTION CRITERIA Aesthetic: Do patterns create attractive forms and sense that encourage human get involve? —- Human involvements Panel: Do the surface of the patterns allows human walk, lie, climb?— comfort and various usage Habitation: Do the structure of the patterns allow animals pass through, play with even live in? —- Optimize the human made wetlands. Structure: DO the structure can self support? In order to decrease the material usage for substructure to protect the wetlands.—- Environmental friendly.

Extrusion graft: Randomly offset Nature is purity, random grow but have it own rules Platforms floating in the air give the chance for bird nest Upper part: Solid tree branch Bottom part: soft, smooth, simulate water wave Middle part: sense of walking inside the forest—Peaceful, mystery Shelter: Pattern Overlay and rotate to form the shelter Cone— Plant Grass, flowers ventilation Skylight with customized shadow Bird Nest Habitations—Under water Contrast Urban Life: strong sense of modern life Reinforcement, sharp, complex bring the urban life to the nature site Meditation Gentle slop pipe — people can walk Ecolife: Hierarchy Different hight patches for animals and human beings

B3.

ASE STUDY 2.0 Technically acting as a sunscreen and weather barrier the curved facade is fully glazed and combines the curtain wall glazing with horizontal lamellas and vertical glass fins. The position and size of each of the facade elements are derived from a twised frame system, which is ralated to the interior organisation of the building. The concave front of the building displays different fluent forms when seen from varying distances and directs the visual field of the customers traveling on the spiraling escalators. Edgelighting for the vertical glass fins spreads soft colours onto the facade by night. The lighting intensity and colour effects are digitally controlled and choreographed adding another layer of fludity to the building's skin.

Image source:

http://inhabitat.com/wooden-pavilion-for-one-summer-in-austria-uses-parametric-modeling-to-mimic-sea-urchin-skeletons/

Image source:

http://inhabitat.com/wooden-pavilion-for-one-summer-in-austria-uses-parametric-modeling-to-mimic-sea-urchin-skeletons/

EVERSE ENGINEER

Extruded Contour Works (Cantilever)

Offseted Tw

wist surfaces

Boolearnintersect and Extrude

EVERSE ENGINEER Project: Star Place Architect: UN Studio Location: Taipei, Taiwan Date: 2008

B4.

ECHNIQUE DEVELOPMENT

Curves Distraction

Evaluate Curve

Curves Distraction

Evaluate Curve

Curves Distraction

Evaluate Curve

Rotation -40

Rotation -30

Rotation -20

Rotation 20

Rotation 30

Rotation 40

Horizontal Bending -10

Horizontal Bending 0

Horizontal Bending 10

Horizontal Bending 50

Horizontal Bending 60

Vertical Bending -50

Vertical Bending -10

58 Vertical Bending 0

Vertical Bending 10

Rotation -10

Rotation 0

Rotation 10

Rotation 50

Horizontal Bending -30

Horizontal Bending -20

Horizontal Bending 20

Horizontal Bending 30

Horizontal Bending 40

Vertical Bending -40

Vertical Bending -30

Vertical Bending -20

Vertical Bending 20

59 Vertical Bending 30

Vertical Bending 40

UCCESSFUL SPECIES

Aesthetic Panel (People can walk) Habitation (For animals) Structure ( Can self support) Rotation 30 60

Aesthetic Panel (People can walk) Habitation (For animals) Structure ( Can self support) Vertical Bending 30 61

Aesthetic Panel (People can walk) Habitation (For animals) Structure ( Can self support) Vertical Bending 40 62

Aesthetic Panel (People can walk) Habitation (For animals) Structure ( Can self support) Horizontal63Bending 0

Rotation 30: Water Drops Transmit from center to outskirt Vertical Bending 30: Whirlpool Negative Space Vertical Bending 40: Panel Float on the water simulate the wave transmittable curve Horizontal Bending 0: Walk Sit Lie Play

B5.

ECHNIQUE: PROTOTYPES Digital Fabrication was being used to produce and testing the design possibilities in this case. Digital modelling and fabrication is a process that joins design with production through the use of 3D modelling software and manufacturing process. Tools such as 3D printers, Laser cutter, CNC Router, Robot arms allows designers to produce design digitally and actually test the design. Therefore, complex surface can be produced with the assistance of computation techniques and the continue experimentation of material properties.

the rods and fabrics cannot firmly connected by themselves, the knots will act as a media to connect the rod to itself, while also stabilised the fabric on it. Rods will be infix into the cross-like shape, while the fabric will be kind of screw into the hole between the cross and stabilised using the nut caps that are also printed by the 3D printers. The second knots is an elaborate, free-rotate joint that allows rotation between the rods and the panels, which enables three dimensional structure in all directions. For this connection prototype, two components are intersecting into each other, and fixed using a 3D printed screw and nut cap in the middle. In this case, the screw ensures the joint will not fail, but also makes it possible for rotation.

In terms of our design, which featuring on the connections between rods members and the connection between frame and panelling, 3D printer will be the most appropriate method for us to produce knots connections.

The third connection are for the rods and panels, where the rods will be infix into the cross-like shape, and the panel will be inserted inside a gap between the cross. During the testing and experimentation, we find out that larger panels can also be inserted into the gap due to its bendable properties, that can be further explore to fit our design intention.

Four Different types of knots are designed in our group, and 3D modelling by us to allow connections between rods and rods, rods and panels, rods and stretching fabrics, and other possibilities. By considering and measuring the size and thickness of materials that we are going to use, knots are 3D modelled in Rhino with accurate sizes to accommodate the material. Then, these digital model will be sent to the 3D printers.

The forth knot is a simple and tiny connection that are able to connect for rods in a planar or slightly curve surface. It was done by the Boolean different of a cross through 3D modelling software.

The first knots featuring the connections between rods (as a frame) and stretchable fabrics. As

This type of connection can be used where some sights are blocking for protections, as it allows three dimensional rotated connection that can be rising up from the surface.

The panels are made by translucence plastic materials, which allows some view form the surface to the wetland underneath, at the same time, provide a protective and safe impression for pedestrians.

This fixing knots are being test by placing weights on the stretchable fabrics, which appears to be firmly stabilised and able to hold a moderate mass. Hence, the can be used for Part C where the stretchable fabrics connects to the structure system, in places where people are allow to laying and sitting down.

Its advantage is on its size, which allows material efficiency in construction. However, it also having the problem of not able to connect the panels or fabrics to the rods. Hence, it can only be used for the substructure system or the surface where no panels are attached to it.

B6.

ECHNIQUE: PROPOSAL Rotunda Wetlands: Location: South of Westfield Reserve, cleared vegetation on both sides of the creek Coordinate: 37 South, 145 East Path Slop: 3 Degree General:

Wetland Specific:

The wetland landscape which has really obvious attributes. This site is a restored wetland and is quite important for the wildlife since it plays the role of a litter trap, a filter, and a shelter for the area. The topography is quite flat in this area. Sporadic pools along the path and manmade wooden pavilion near road can be observed. Near the river, lots of indigenous plant are planted. It acts as the habitants for fishes, insects and birds.

A human made wetland was established in 2000 (Merri Creek Management Committee, 2009). The water was supplied by surrounding residential area. The pools can filter the pollutants and also act as a habitants for those semi-aquatic vegetation. Indigenous grasses were putted in surrounding which provided the habitants for aquatic invertebrates, reptiles, frogs. Most of these faunas were locally extinct before this project established and under the protection of endangered flora and fauna. Shrub plantings let leaf litter, bark and logs accumulated for bird nesting. The biodiversity was enhanced by this project.

The importance of the Wetlands of Merri Creek: Each greenfield on the diagram is regard as a small subsystem belongs to universal ecosystem of Melbourne. They interact with each other. Merri Creek significantly acts as a habitat corridor of state. Merri Creek connects other small patches around this corridor.

Builtr, â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Generative Architecture-Transformation by Computation; <http://www.builtr.io/> [accessed 29 April 2016]

The Rotunda Wetland

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Fauna Distribution

Water Element

Substructure

Rise Point Low Point

Problems: The human made wetlands enhance the Merri Creek Ecosystem significantly. However, the wetlands are isolated from the human beings. Since there is no paths for citizens to get inside the wetlands.

Design Responds: 1. Substructure be used as the habitants for the animals and plants. 2. Self-supported 3. People can get close to the animals but do not disturb their activities. 4. Allowing horizontal movements across the river. 5. Vertical communications between human and various animals habitants

Design Concept: To create a structure that can optimized the existing wetlands which can let human get involves.

The project is located at Rotunda Wetlands, in order to create a walkable surface allowing human get involved into this manmade wetland for closer but undisturbed observation on the wildlife, while the substructure creates voids for animal habitation. Hence, the substructure will interact with some of the active animal traces, both within the wetland and the creek, as indicated in the substructure diagram. In addition, it also act as the support for the upper surface, which requires strong structural ability and evenly distributed.

The sur face was integrated as a whole with the substructure system, which makes the surface to flow fluently. Panels will be attached to the lattice structure, indicating the path for pedestrian to explore around. Therefore, the rising and descending point shown in the diagram acts as a guide for human to discovering around the area and sightseeing the specific view. For instance, the lowering point located around the creek and the major animal traces allow people to getting closer view to the wildlife, gaining a better understanding, contributed to wildlife preservation. On the other hand, the rising point allows people to reaching the tree top to observe the birdsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; habitation with similar purpose.

FEEDBACK FROM INTERIM PRESENTATION Work to combine both

RESPONSE Critical to using one integrated definition to create this surface-structure form. Try to look into the Kangaroo plugin that can produce this similar effect on the curvy surface. In addition, a frame and infill system might be used, like panelling, to attach to the lattice structure, which act as a pathway for pedestrian, or voids to stop the pedestrian getting through. This is particularly regards to the walkable surface that using panelling and patterning techniques to create a multi-functional surface. We have decided to make some spaces void (the places where protected animal lives or the place where requires sunlight getting through), and some solid spaces (where the path for human to walk, sit and being encouraged to explore around). Various shapes and forms can be used on the surface, as the narrowing walking surface can be the area where human should be pass quickly, avoiding disturbed the wetland underneath. On the other hand, the wider walking surface can be the place where people are encourage to explore and relax, allow people slowly walk around, or laying down. The site analysis diagram presented in the interim presentation is less specific as it looks into a large range of area. Hence, some detailed diagram will be provided that looks specifically into our chosen site, which will be more helpful to develop our design intention and form of the idea. For instance, the traces of animal activities, the water flooding area, and etc. Therefore, our design (especially the form of our walkway) should be optimised and response to these issues identified from the diagram. In this case, digital fabrication is critical to find and explore the way of the structural connections, in order to figuring out how to create form. It is important to understand how connection pieces affect or compromise aesthetics and functions. Few connections details has been explored in both two dimension and three dimension to test, especially the connection between structural members and the panels that creates the surfaces.

Create a technique that is modularised

Create modules with vary in shape and form

Detail site analysis diagram in specific area

Digital fabrication of different connections

B7.

EARNING OUTCOMES The part B of the Architectural design studio are mainly help us to learn and practice the computational design methods. The result of the algorithm designs alway unpredictable, which gives the designer a mass of possible solutions to choose from. However, I still think the parametric design still challenge and immaturity. In the design phase, computational design is hard to control. Since the designs are based on the scripting and coding. The results are calculated by the logic algorithms. It is really difficult and even impossible to find a prefect logic. In other world, the designs are hard to be comprehensive. The optimization of one criteria may worse another. Human selection cannot be replace. Computational design offers us infinite possible but also provide the limitation. The machine is lack of emotion. The great design is not only advanced in functional or form, but also the emotion it express. Building is the place we spend the most of the time. The feelings, the culture of the space cannot be design by the machines. In the fabrication phases, most of the parametric design are dealing with the facade of the building. The size and shape of the panel always various as a result of the computational design. It sharply increase the material cost, construction fees and produce more waste (framworks, moulds). The requirements for the construction workers also increase. It is hard to achieve mass production. Some of the panels are formed as double curve surface, which hard to optimized and even cannot be produced. As for my part C, I hope that I can have more research on how to optimize the mesh surface. In order to gain a produceable design.

EFERENCE LIST Builtr, ‘Generative Architecture-Transformation by Computation; <http://www.builtr. io/> [accessed 15 March 2016] Dunne, Anthony & Raby, Fiona (2013) Speculative Everything: Design Fiction, and Social Dreaming (MIT Press) pp. 1-9, 33-45 Fry, Tony (2008). Design Futuring: Sustainability, Ethics and New Practice (Oxford: Berg), pp. 1–16 Holly Giermann, ‘Generative Design Is Changing the Face of Architecture’, in Cadlyst <http://www.cadalyst.com/> [accessed 15 March 2016] Harvard University, ‘Gernerative Design’, in Harvard University <http://www.gsd. harvard.edu/> [accessed 29 April 2016] Kalay, Yehuda E. (2004). Architecture’s New Media: Principles, Theories, and Methods of Computer-Aided Design (Cambridge, MA: MIT Press), pp. 5-25 Karissa Rosenfield, ‘Gensler Tops Out on World's Second Tallest Skyscraper: Shanghai Tower ’, in Archdaily <http://www.archdaily.com/> [accessed 12 March 2016] Luis Pina Lopes, ‘Parametric Architecture and Design ’, in Scoop <http://www. scoop.it/t/parametric-architecture-and-design> [accessed 12 March 2016] Patrikschumancher, ‘Gernerative Design in Architecture, in Patrischumancher <http://www.patrikschumacher.com/> [accessed 13W March 2016] Peters, Brady. (2013) ‘Computation Works: The Building of Algorithmic Thought’, Architectural Design, 83, 2, pp. 08-15 Toronto University, High Reynolds Number Tests, Shanghai Center Tower (Canada: Guelph, 2012), p.1-12.