Future Perspections

PAST FUTURE WORK

what we did. how we see it now. where it could lead.

Documentation Anniek Vetter Lisa Hoffmann Tangible Effects MA PD 2012 Winter Semester 2012/13 Prof. Wolfgang Sattler Kristian Gohlke, M.Sc. Digital Media Sustainable Product Cultures Master Program Bauhaus University Weimar Faculty Art & Design

past future work INDEX / INCLOSURE Future Perspections was developed within the project “Tangible Effects” of the Master class “Sustainable Product Cultures” at the Bauhaus University Weimar, 2012/13.

This report documents the final result as well as it gives an insight into the developing process. Different phases like research, design process, testing, usage and optimization as well as the analysis of all these steps are presented, explained and reflected.

inclosure

index Part I - The Project

7

17 the Background: “The Wicked, the Tangible and the Future” 21 May I introduce you to... Future Perspections?

Part II - The Process

23

a) Orientation 25 26 finding the topic: the start / idea mapping 28 choosing the topic / goals / research fields 29 starting the research: the research materials 30 our perspections: research fields and methods 32 a toolbox for utopia: Experimental research 33 research in scenarios: conclusions & confusions 34 buiding scenarios: axis structure 35 building scenarios: mapping 36 building scenarios: conclusions 37 research in utopia 38 timeline of future elements 40 working with the timeline: a flexible structure

the instruction books (the Blue, the Red and the Yellow book) the Future Elements cards a DVD containing: • • •

an explanation video video material from the the final try-out-session video material from the first workshop

•

a digital version of this documentation with a file with a selection of the picures and images a file with all the sketches a file with articles and research material

• •

the results of the first assignments the presentations

•

a summarizing text about Future Perspections and image material for online use

b) Development 43 44 Trial & Error / The Future society I 45 the design of the first cards 46 the tool and the focus 48 using the tool: the future of digital data 50 the future of urban gardening 53 3D-printing in (un-)useful contexts 56 the future of dinner culture / talk I: Kristian 57 the future of having a beer with friends / talk II: Professor Babtist 60 reflection: from mind-maps to a tool / a tool-a table?

62 design decisions 64 the building process 65 the design of the table and the items c) Reflection

69

70 Prototype Testing 72 workshop I: The future of writing 74 workshop I: The feedback 76 workshop I: The conclusions 78 Analyse: The work process 79 Analyse: Results / The next steps d) Improvement 81 82 explanation video: the future of food in Europe 86 workshop II: The role of objects within social interaction in 2030 90 workshop II: protocol 95 workshop II: conclusions 96 workshop II: analyse and improvement

Part III - Annex

99

100 references and sources 101 glossary 102 reserach: future element cards 106 research: emotion/history cards 108 sources of the cards

7.

Future Perspections is a tool to create (future) scenarios within a design-context. It serves as a basis to communicate and visualize.

Used in a workshop, it can help to discover opportunities, explain connections, give arguments, develop ideas and illustrate fictional worlds.

The tool comprises a table, several items, an ever-growing collection of cards with information about past, current and future events and three explanation booklets.

the

Week 42 1984

BACKGROUND THE WICKED,

THE TANGIBLE AND THE FUTURE

“Do. Or do not. There is not try.” - Yedi-Master Yoda

DESIGN, SUSTAINABILITY AND PLANNING PROCESSES Design manifests information and planning processes in objects and systems. It is inherent to the design process to face concerns to be. A design is never made for the present, but for a more or less definite time in the future. Within, past and present are incorporated, processed, modified and/or stated as a motive, as are the findings of anticipating things to expect.

Sustainability as well bases on the reflection on a future point of time. The United Nations defined the term in 1987: “Sustainable development is development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.”1 Etymologically, sustainability derived from ecological systems that have the ability to endure. Like this, the term is based on the principle of keeping a balance. As long as the term is used in the context of a self-regulating ecological system, it doesn’t include the process of planning. But as soon as the human being interacts within a system, there is the necessity of a planning process to make sure not to compromise “the ability of future generations to meet their own needs” in this system, which, as caused by the human interaction within and the creation of the system, isn´t self-regulated anymore. One of the basic characteristics and triggers of human culture can be found as well in planning processes: the ability to anticipate the future – the necessity to imagine a future point of time, reflect on what exists only as a possibility within calculations deriving from past experiences and knowledge and take action to (not) make it happen - in other words, planning. Planning is a strategy developed to structure and coordinate specialized individuals to form societies.

Another word for planning is to design.

Sustainability is based on anticipation.

In private planning processes, the individual constantly adapts the decisions and the planning process to the current moment, which incorporates also all individual experiences and knowledge from the previous time. Like this, the individual can adapt to shifting information and react to unexpected developments as well as false predictions. The planning in complex systems as societies entails certain difficulties. This is because those systems are constantly changing their characteristics and the participants are unpredictable factors. They all act independently and all of them have different backgrounds and goals. Few plan for many, in search of the lowest common denominator or creating highly specialized environments only a few can access. General planning processes are incorporating different perspectives and complex decision-making processes.

Like this, an adaption to shifting information or a reaction to unexpected developments or false predictions can´t be guaranteed. Due to modern information technologies, this phenomena is nowadays even transferred to private planning processes, where the individual is constantly in need to adapt to shifting information and decisions which are out of personal reach, creating an overall network of dependency. Because of all these difficulties, those planning processes are called Wicked Problems.

WICKED PROBLEMS AND THE MULTITUDE OF PERSEPCTIVES Wicked problems were first introduced and characterized by Horst Rittel (although here we refer also to several other texts about Wicked Problems) A as ones that “cannot be definitively described. Moreover, in a pluralistic society there is nothing like the indisputable public good; there is no objective definition of equity; policies that respond to social problems cannot be meaningfully correct or false; and it makes no sense to talk about “optimal solutions” to social problems unless severe qualifications are imposed first. Even worse, there are no “solutions” in the sense of definitive and objective answers.” 2 So, basically every social constellation involving decision-making processes can be called wicked, as every participant in the system has another perspective – another background by experience and knowledge as well as another anticipated aim. Like this, the moment of a decision becomes a wicked situation and the following events become wicked developments. Those are constantly changing, never clear to describe or even to name. One can´t precisely distinguish what exactly was caused by the decision – or not. Also the reception is depending on the individual perspective, it can be seen positive or negative.

Thereby the “wickedness” of decisions and situations might as well be caused by the perspective: Naming something a problem implicates the idea of a solution, of planning towards a certain direction.

Apparently, this is not possible. Every step towards that direction will cause some unpredictable reaction. As soon as one starts acting, side effects occur that make the situation even more wicked to deal with. Making a change in constantly shifting situations like this without creating any side effects is simply impossible. Every action causes a re-action.

The plurality of perspectives make a situation a wicked one.

At this point, one can get easily despair.

How can we plan, when we don´t know which side effects an action will have?

We can´t. It is an impossible task to reflect on a present situation and take a decision to follow a plan towards a certain direction. As processes are always fluent, the result will also be.

There is the need to open up the fixed

expectation and find ways to express goals that can adapt to change without loosing their main characteristics. They need to be accessible to interpretation from various perspectives and incorporate them within the process.

This multitude of perspectives involves spatial as well as temporal dimensions and those of identity. Thereby the distance plays a major role. Since it is human to have a selective perception with a certain perspective on situations at a certain moment, one can never have a distant view. A direct contact and immediate experience are shaping our perception and consternation. Objectivity doesn’t exist. But imagination and empathy, reflection and foresight, overview and insight allow to change the own perspective, to take a step out. Zooming in and out provides the possibility to draw lines, connections and make conclusions. The difference between the extremes allows a broader view within comparison.

For example, looking at processes that have been allow to examine a subject from different angles, various perspectives can be explored. Of course history as a subject is a highly abstract matter, and it is never true. But still one can point out connections and developments, events that one were leading to another. The detection of enchainment is the occupation of historians, the question: How did we end up here and what can we learn from that? Their work is to zoom in and zoom out: From a close look at details – documents, artefacts, traces – to the big puzzle containing the position those have in the story they tell all together. Still, all history will always remain fictional, but by interpretation, discussion and discourse one can approach a certain verity.

With history, there comes another quite ambivalent aspect: judgment.

We put decisions, behaviour and former standards in a comparative relation towards our own, current beliefs and standards, make up scenarios about what could have happened if someone took another decision, behaved differently. This always holds a certain arrogance, but also the possibility to reflect on what we do now and what general human habits and values are about.

FUTURE OPPORTUNITIES The past is always an interpretation of a small range of information, fluent.

It is dependent on the present and on the perspective, but it is possible to have many interpretations next to each other and compare them to get a multiple view. From a point somewhen in the future it will also be possible to look at current situations and analyse them like this. But at the moment it occurs, a situation is still wicked.

First, thinking about the future has one main opportunity: It hasn’t happened yet. And it will never happen the way one imagines it. This freedom allows to loose perspectives and look at a topic from many different sides, create What-If-constructions and think things through. Like this, one can create kind of „try-out-worlds“ which only exist in thoughts, stories and pictures, but give the possibility to link current happenings to (im)possible future developments and reflect on what one would have to do now to (not) get there. This reverse effect is best explained in a graphB. Thought-experimental work has the advantage to be without side effects but with discoveries. The change of the view to a future point has the same effect as the before described look to the past: We can zoom in and out, analyse, draw connections, follow developments, interpret and exchange those interpretations via communication, without having to deal with constant change.

A future perspective is giving the opportunity to deal with wicked situations.

Second, a look to the future makes it possible to focus on a goal, instead of focusing on a problem. Because of the side effects the situation and it’s context are always changing, planning is not possible. If one has a fix goal, there is a rather stable element. There might be endless ways how to get there, but the way looses importance facing an aim. One might never reach there, but trying it is half the way. Only what once was imagined can serve as a point to aim for – or to prevent it.

In this sense, thinking about Utopia and Dystopia is the basis to reach further.

With a vision, real innovation becomes possible. Looking back on all Utopian literature and Science Fiction, one can see that they were the first step towards our reality. Of course other unexpected developments took part as well, but it is not just a coincidence that our world looks like it does. Tablets have already been seen in early “Star Trek” episodes3.

Parallel lives in cyberspace have been introduced in “Neuromancer”4 and the green energy discourse and the ecomovement in “Ecotopia”5. As soon as there is the idea of something, there will be a way someday – may it be technical or social. Utopian scenarios encourage people to take action instead of passive reaction, to see opportunities instead of problems. On the other hand, dystopian scenarios can serve as a warning – it is not by accident that „1984“ has such a strong meaning after Cold War and surrounded by CCTV and NSA. On the contrary, the politics of our society are mostly based on patterns of reaction, what lets the whole process of innovation stagnate, as what we react to is always caused in the past.

Like this, we are lagging behind instead of progressing forward.

17.

the

Week 42 1984

BACKGROUND

Goals are motivating while problems are stagnating.

The current German energy discourse serves as an example in this place: As a reaction to the demonstration of the insecurity of atomic power plants with the Fukushima accident, Germany decided to stop using this technology. This decision was made out of fear instead of a logic, rational thought process with the conclusion that atomic plants are too risky. Like this, politics are running away from something instead of following true believes. When the green party formulated their vision of a sustainable, non-atomic energy about twenty years ago, no one would have taken them seriously. Those that claim now the “Energiewende” were the same people that served the atom lobby back then. It is the same as in health issues: It´s much wiser to provide and not get sick instead of treating a disease after it occurred.

Now we face all these upcoming problems and have to react without reflection, as there is no time to develop different previously reflected options to decide in-between. While trying to fix the problems of yesterday one forgets fast to look for tomorrow´s possibilities, and there will always be a lack in enthusiasm that drives real movement.

Thereby it is important to state, that also the goals have to be open. They need to adapt to new situations and developments as well as the path towards them is changing. Here, indefiniteness is something highly positive in contrast to the first characteristic of Wicked Problems, stating that “there is no definite formulation of a wicked problem” (SOURCE 7). If we change our point of view we can transform the negative aspects that come along with Wicked Problems to advantages.

TANGIBLE EFFECTS AND FUTURE PERSPECTIONS As shown in the graph beforeB, the look into the future is a reverse effect itself, influencing the present and thereby again the future. To take a look into the future, many components come together. What-If-constellations help to put them together. Thereby one has to accept that there is never the possibility of integrity. A scenario will never happen and it will never include all factors. Also, scenarios are not mainly about predicting the future, but about finding a way to have another view on the present, to analyse current happenings and act here and now.

There is no possible integrity in future scenarios.

When accepted that, it gets way easier to think about possible future developments, wishes and scenarios. To take the step from a personal vision towards a richer scenario that incorporates a multitude of perspectives, one can learn a lot from the way we work out past developments. There is the need to zoom in

and out, to point out details and discuss the overall storyline from various perspectives. But how to have a discourse about something imaginative? Communication needs a basis to be tangible to others with as less as possible misunderstanding or pre-interpretation.

Here, design plays a major role.

By writing down stories, drawing pictures and shaping real objects, we have a feasible artefact to discuss and put in relationships with facts and possibilities.

Tangible objects speak to our senses and allow to make the transformation of something abstract and fluid to something very concrete that can help to explore the unknown and overcome the determination of language. The three-dimensionality of artefacts allows to give thoughts, dreams and wishes a shape that can be regarded from various perspectives. At the same moment, the concrete existence of an object gives the basis for a new level of abstraction.

The human ability to anticipate goes along with the ability to detect complex relationships and relate them to (possible) past, current or future situations. This process requires thinking in non-linear structures. This iterative process doesn’t happen on a twodimensional line, but in the threedimensional area of our brain and within inter-exchange. Thoughts manifest themselves in space as a three-dimensional mass, using the architecture of the brain (specialized areas linked with synapses). That might be, why mind mapping and brainstorming can be used efficiently to illustrate the thinking structure during a communication process (these methods aren´t named like this by coincidence as well) and why three-dimensional objects, even if very abstract themselves, help us so much to understand something abstract.

With “Future Perspections” we propose a method to develop and discuss scenarios and the artefacts that come along with those proposals in a participative process. The design has a physical appearance in form of a table with a rewritable surface, different objects that corporate and guide different steps of the process, and various illustrative material. Behind all physical objects there lies information about past, current and possible future events and general human habits that are grouped and discussed collectively and mixed with the personal – abstract or physical material. The process and physical appearance of “Future Perspections” tries to incorporate all the needs to create scenarios and stories using elements of mind mapping, brainstorming and design methods. The round table as main element invites the participants to discuss and develop together. The various physical elements, such as wooden blocks, blackboards, paper cards or porcelain storage devices, are used to explore complex concepts and connect diverse factors in space.

What-if-constellations are illustrated and

constantly changing conditions can be simulated. The facility supports intuitive action and thought by touching and sensing objects and their materials, moving them by hand and adding illustrative material. The ability to walk around the factors, thoughts and connections to see them from different perspectives leads to a new tangible dimension.

With this, we developed a method to guide both planning and communication situations as well as the detection and handling of possibilities. As “Future Perspections” serves equal conditions for the sessions, the outcome can be compared, analysed and the single results can be set in relation or combined as well to open up new dimensions and discover yet unknown fields.

The possibility to share the imagined with others and create collective thought can help to overcome the inability to take action facing the responsibility that comes along with the complexity of the social existence. Planning should have a new meaning, connected closer to the one of design: Of collectively shaping the reality we aim for, always increasing, always re-questioning, open but rigid, proposing but planning. We need societies that dance. Maybe one can transform the shifting information and mass confusion into shifting conclusion and participative creation.

This might even help to create something beyond Sustainability, the slogan which haunts all design work and planning processes creating a superficiality that is no help. We should aim to progressively overcome the conservatism that comes along with term of sustainability, surmount the status quo and create something even better than trying to keep what we have. Even just the attempt can take us farer.

A like: Petruschat, Jörg: “Wicked Problems”, Vortrag auf Einladung der Veranstalter zur Konferenz “Practice-Based Research” an der Bauhaus Universität in Weimar, 02.12.2011; Conklin, Jeff: “Wicked Problems and social complexity” in “Dialogue Mapping: Building Shared Understanding of Wicked Problems”, 2005; Coyne, Richard: “Wicked problems revisited” in “Design Studies 26”, 5-17, 2005; Buchanan, Richard: “Wicked Problems in design Thinking” in: “Design Issues: Vol. VIII, Numer 2, Spring 1992; Ritchey, Tom: “Wicked Problems – Structuring Social Mess with Morphological Analysis”, 2011 B the past

base for what is now

learning

the present

base for what will be

looking at the future to figure out what we need to do now the future

1 http://www.un.org/esa/ sustdev/csd/csd15/media/backgrounder_brundtland.pdf 2 from: Horst W. J. Rittel; Melvin M. Webber (1973), ”Dilemmas in a General Theory of Planning”, Policy Sciences 4: page 155 3 Shadoff, Nathan; Noessel, Chritopher: “Make it so. Interaction Design Lessons from Science Fiction”, 2012 4 compare: Gibson, William: “Neuromancer”, 1984 5 compare: Callenbach, Ernest: “Ecotopia”, 1975 6 from: Horst W. J. Rittel; Melvin M. Webber (1973), ”Dilemmas in a General Theory of Planning”, Policy Sciences 4: page 161

19.

May I introduce you to...

Week 42 1984

FUTURE PERSPECTIONS? goal of choice might be a better motivation than the focus on fixing trouble.

Future Perspections can help to take a look around the corner of time. It serves as a common ground to place research material and thoughts, to discuss and create - real materials enable you and others to touch your ideas. How? The Hardware of Future Perspections is a table with different items. With some basic rules one can start to create different future scenarios by putting those items together, adding own ones and creating stories. Will we be living in extra-large 3D-printed houses, floating around somewhere in space or eat lab-grown insect burgers ?

Future Persepections:

WHY?

Perspections is a new word. It is composed of Perspectives+ Perceptions=Perspections.

Future Perspections is a tool to generate ideas or build a context within a future perspective. The result of the work process can be several scenarios which are situated within a specific domain, and, alongside those scenarios, illustrative sketches, ideas and designs.

They all will tell stories about possible futures and alternative realities. Those help to change the point of view and think in another way. Future Perspections offers the possibility to draw lines and see connections between events, develop ideas reflect on what is happening today and reflect on how this might influence the future.

Future Perspections is an interactive tool and designed to communicate, one will constantly discuss and analyse each other’s thoughts and ideas. A group will develop several scenarios together.

Because of this social aspect, the tool has a bonding effect on the group - you can exchange with your team-mates on various topics of society. The different items that can be used during these sessions will help to communicate better.

Future Persepections:

When you are just starting on a project, scenarios can point out new opportunities but will also challenge you to deal with those possibilities. If you are already in the middle of a project, they can be useful as a context to relate your project within. The outcome of a Future Perspections session highly depends on the phase and the focus of a project and the way one uses the tool. The advantages of scenarios and stories are wide-spread: Detect connections and important current developments, finding opportunities or challenges within the future to prepare for, gathering new ‘out of the box’ ideas or testing pre-existing ideas in several (future) contexts.

All kinds of people – as politicians, trendwatchers, scientists, movie directors - keep on telling us about the future. But what do they actually say and how will it really look like? Well, none can tell. But what if one takes all these predictions together and uses them as tiny bricks to build possible tomorrows? How do they fit? The question is: What if... it all comes together? - And what, if not?

Of course the process itself can be seen as a result as well: First of all, there is a bonding between the group-members. They will get to know each other and their different fields of interests and professional occupation much better. By building a context and finding new ideas together, the group develops a shared goal and motivation. And last but not least, it is a nice ‘break’ from the work at one´s desk.

WHAT?

Future Perspections is an attempt to deal with all these questions. It was developed facing the inability to see connections and draw conclusions out of all the information that we find or that is thrown at us. There are many reasons to accept the challenge and dig the nose deeper into the endless possibilities of what-ifs. At first, isn´t it nice to dream? To imagine what could be, to drift away in wishful thinking? Here it is allowed, even required. The goal is to apply conclusions and opportunities that one realized by thinking about (future) scenarios and apply them to the current situation. Can we create the future we hope for by simply making it happen? Future Perspections aims to give the opportunity to keep the head up to look ahead instead of endlessly trying to solve all yesterday´s problems in a Sisyphean manner. That does not mean to stop caring - but taking a look at the

Future Perspections:

HOW?

There is a basic sequence to have a Future Perspections session. In addition to that, there are several expansions, which can be used optionally. That makes Future Perspections very flexible and thereby suitable for different project phases, groups and timeframes. The outcome of a session highly depends on the expansion that has been chosen.

A detailed guideline on how to have the basic session and descriptions of the different expansions can be found in the blue book (instructions). Before starting a session, it is also important to have a look on the different items, which are introduced in the yellow book.

One starts building scenarios by analysing and building on a strategic level, step by step going further in the future, with well-considered plans and items. Different fields of interest organised on the table will slowly develop into real story-lines, describing various worlds with partly familiar, partly new aspects. These worlds become bigger and more realistic by taking a closer look on details, which serve as vivid examples that illustrate the overall concept. Within the process, they have to be re-questioned all the time by asking questions like: What could happen in these worlds? How will people be living there? Are they behaving differently? How are they interacting with their surroundings and with each other? What kind of activities are there? Which currencies? What kind of jobs? How are people traveling?

What kind of things do they use?

By asking questions like these, the scenarios become more tangible.

In-between fact and fiction, within planning and dreaming, opportunities will emerge as well as challenges to deal with. Depending on starting with a clear direction in mind or rather the wish to be surprised, an idea will be tested or new ideas will be gathered.

Future Persepections:

WHO?

Future Perspections is designed for creatives, developers, designers and researchers in any possible field.

During the work on a specific topic it can be interesting to invite people that represent a specific target group or have a specific expertise. call in the experts Invite experts on the field to be able to work with up-to-date information and access their experience and knowledge. With the game one can challenge them and see how reliable the own thoughts are. develop the storyline with the client Making up a story is bonding. Going through this process together makes the client feel more related with the upcoming ideas. Still, for this option it is very important to be experienced in working with the method to not be in danger to scare the client off. It also depends on the kind of client.

Future Persepections:

WHEN?

Future Perspections can be used in different phases during a design process. blanco It can be seen as a workshop, just to bond and gather new ideas. The workshop can be non-related to a project that the group is currently working on or it could be one that the team will start working on. Using the tool can provide the team with a future-related question, a theme or inspiration to come up with a subject. If planning such a workshop, it is important to choose for a session that does not ask for too much preparation - or at least preparation that does not smell like homework. research phase Future Perspections is also useful after some research in a specific field or within a new assignment. For this some preparation is quite nice. The team is probably motivated to look into something, as they are enthusiastic about the new project or they will benefit from it later in the process.

The choice for a session is depending on the time that can be spent and what kind of outcome is needed (probably inspiring new ideas). design phase The tool can also be used on half way through a project to test already developed ideas in a future context. We prefer using it at the start, because if you are already talking about concepts, it can be hard changing them or let them go. That it is why one might consider to do several session, in the beginning and after some evolution of the ideas to see if it still fits. on and off A session can also be last as long as one likes (and as one has space for it). To do so, there is no need to have as much interaction with the other group-members as in the options before, everyone just works on the session when there is time for it. The working surface will constantly be there, items will be moved and placed by whoever passes by.

For more information, see the red, blue and yellow booklets.

the potential target group Invite someone who could represent your user or groups in society that one would like to focus on. Directly confronting them with questions and observe their reactions can provide a new perspective and unexpected feedback. Here, it is important to be aware of the dimension of time: The invites can either be the ones that are concerned today or in the future. who’s got talent As not all designers are good in brainstorming and popping up with ideas in seconds there also a lot of non-designers that are great in it. For example, we experienced working with an actor, which was brilliant. People that are trained to imagine specific surroundings and feelings can help you a lot to define a scenario.

21.

finding

THE TOPIC the

START From the log-book “Weimar, Bauhaus University, Oktober 2012: Professor Wolfgang Sattler and his assistant, Kristian Gohlke, M.Sc. Digital Media, gather around the newly recruited students of the Master program “Sustainable Product Cultures”. Still everything is new, yet to be explored: the campus, the work within the almost sacrificed Van de Velde buildings, the coffee-rhythm of the atelier. At home all their belongings wait in boxes to be unwrapped, rooms have to be furnished, welcome-brunches to be hold. But all these things in the backside of their heads have to move for the new assignments, situated within the topic of the first main master project “Tangible Effects”. Wolfgang Sattler and Kristian Gohlke introduc this huge field by three small projects, whereby the subject has to be discovered.”

1) Tangible Effects & energy After reading several texts about Wicked Problems, rebound effects and the visualization of information within graphic and product design, the group was pushed into the real world: Current newspaper articles within the topic of energy and the German “Energiewende” were analyzed and the detected information was used to visualize the actual content. The different approaches and results had to be presented in front of the PhD students within the PhD-week.

2) collect and change Two weeks later, the students received their second task: Inspired by an artwork they were asked to collect information from everyday life and the nearby surroundings and show the grotesque character of human behaviour in context of sustainability.

In a second step the gathered data were visualized in a way to intend a change of human behaviour.

3) tangible energy - the workshop Before the main project started end of November 2012, there was a last challenge to fulfill the introduction. A week-end workshop on the topic of “tangible energy” was hold together with students from the HTW Berlin.

gathering ideas

IDEA MAPPING All small introduction projects were strongly related to the topic of energy and how our society is struggling facing the challenges we have to face today.

third world

Learning from the third world: How to deal with water problems, energycrisis, etc. Instead of designing to solve problems in the 3rd world taking their developments to deal with the extreme and use them in western societies.

game of life

Invite your neighbors to play a game to discover what kind of improvements you can do in your neighborhood (by playing the game you will start that) - building a windmill, take care of children, share a car, repair a washing machine,....

hot hot heat

Inspired by the early cold Weimar winter, coal ovens and several discussions that arose during the first weeks of working in the Master programme, we wanted to look deeper in making the heating process tangible & more efficiant. Do we need to heat that much? How can we make it easier to keep the heat inside the building? In the whole field of energy this seemed the most interesting approach, as 75% of the energy in the private sector is used for heating.

There were several ideas, like putting the oven or heater back to the center of the room or to re-establish hot-water bottles, tapestry and night caps or redesigning the heating system in general.

Being a very interesting and current approach, the introduction projects gave us some insight and served as a starting point. Both of us were very interrested in looking into today´s movements and happenings in the society concerning complex structures and planning processes.

One of the main reasons for that was the literature on Wicked Problems. After sharing some ideas and thoughts about this subject, we decided to work together to look into it from different angles.

Being still influenced by the first assignments and workshops of the semester, the possible subjets for the main project were facing Tangible Effects in a social, sustainable and energy-related context. In a first meeting we were talking about our ideas, interests, goals and wishes for the project. After making notes about the single ideas we came to the conclusion that they were mostly situated in the field of social sustainability.

With this in mind we started to gather our thoughts about the topic and defined social sustainability for ourselves. We found that it was about sharing & open source movements, about local systems and the aim to be independent, about self-made solutions and trust-based exchange.

After this specification, we mapped our ideas around social sustainability. In general, the project was about finding one specified topic with still enough flexibility to look into several fields. The idea map at the right shows how the single approaches were gathered. They were all slightly connected to each other, facing general topics like communication, participation, observation and intervention.

Afterwards one can clearly see that the main common thing is that they approach to actively do something. There is the aim to involve users and experts in the process. thereby everything was related to take a look at reality from different perspectives and experience various views.

26.

field trips

Going out on field trips, observe the surrounding like a scientist, question reality and change perspectives constantly. Why is everything as it is?

This topic motivated to visit different groups in society, interact with them, ask them about their being, maybe live with them (like researchers do that with unknown human societies in the jungle).

In the end we discovered that field trips would also be a really nice name for a band.

per cent

If we have “green energy”, do we really get what we pay for? How much percentage is in there? How could one make it visible? Tangible? Controllable? Why can´t we see which kind of energy is transported to our houses?

There was the idea to colour the power lines depending on what they deliver.

Week 47 - 48 November 2012

terrain vague

Who belongs where? Which places belong to who? What is happening in empty places? Why are all places defined nowadays? What do empty places do in a society? What do they tell about society? How can one detect non-places? Why not sell Germany to it´s citizens? Should we adopt Germany? Can one own a place?

mine / ours / theirs

How is ownership situated in our society? What is owned, what can be owned, why do we have stuff? How are people emotionally connected to their belongings? Why don´t they share? Why would they share? What would sharing do to the things?

the German Gesamtkunstwerk

How do people identify with the place they live in? How do they shape their environment? Which traces do they leave behind? How could one read those? How can one make a place one´s own? How is history connected to our environment?

- Especially in Weimar, where eveything is about Goethe and Schiller, but what about the people that live here today?

The approach was later on developed further besides the semester project.

Utopia

Is this really the world we want to live in? Or could there be something better?

What do people wish for their future?

What would be the best possible world they can imagine to live in? What could one do to make it happen? How could people actively participate in the process of creating this future?

We had the wish to go out and ask several groups in society about all this.

What profession does a kindergarden child dream of? How did a senior imagine life when he was younger?

What do we expect from our future?

The subject was also related to the question about the effect science fiction and wishful thinking has (had) on the developments in society and the idea of the possibility to create try-out-worlds.

food

As the energy you get to live, it might be the most tangible thing humans can experience. Why not showing the effects food has to your body in building a food station for human beings to show that oil is not as important as the basic things to live? Why do people need to count calories? Why is there so much food that is thrown away?

the whole picture

How much information about our society can one detect from one picture? Or, in reverse: Is it possible to collect enough information to paint the whole picture?

From how many perspectives can one see one situation? Which details make a society? How can one detect those?

seniors in society

How can one (re-) connect the growing group of elderly with the younger part of our society? Is it even necessary?

Is there the wish to be connected?

The project would start off with a field trip to an elderly home and a stay as guests, if possible for a few days.

This way we could experience how it is to live in such a place. Is it even necessary? Asking about the elderly house´s inhabitant´s whishes and thoughts on this subject would serve as the starting point for a project.

27.

finding

Week 48 - 49 December 2012

FUTURE PERSPECTIONS choosing the topic

our own

the research

The two ideas ‘mine / ours / theirs’ and ‘Utopia’ were appealing both to us. By clarifying the meaning of these two topics we were able to decide with which topic to continue.

as a team: • how we want to work: conceptual. free. experimental.

• where we want to improve: communication. presentation. getting constructive feedback. working together.

We started the research phase in different steps to orientate ourselves in the - for us - new field of design.

This way we acceeded a basic knowledge and got familiar with terms, techniques and ideas in this field.

FUTURE

PERSONAL GOALS

mine / ours / theirs: the effects of different validation of products & services concerning private, emotional or public-rational causes utopia: what if, wishes, imagination - thinking about the future in context of the different perspectives one can have Based on several aspects we decided to continue with the topic ‘Utopia’. The project’s outcome was open and undefined - although methods like forecasting, trend watching or far-future planning can be a clear guideline for the project and give it a specific direction.

- A planned journey with an unexpected destiny.

Thereby this direction fits the overall theme, “tangible effects”.

As a designer you never design for today. You design for tomorrow. The development of a product or service can take from a few months up to years. How can you know today what is needed tomorrow? Everything you will put out in the world will have an effect – some effects are planned and reach the user and effects forecasted by market research. Other effects come as surprises, they are so-called side effects.

Looking into techniques that can lead to insight in the future would enable to develop more sustainable projects. As two designers who never worked with forecasting before, this was very appealing - especially also in relation with the Master program Sustainable Product Cultures.

Anniek: • work with something to find, not a fixed topic (not problem-solving fixated) • work for something and be okay with that, not doubting or disliking the result • create an own assignment instead of simply doing what is asked, find challenges to work with - thoughtful design, look at social and environmental aspects Lisa: • work more free, experimental, conceptual (like I discovered it for myself but it didn´t fit the program of my previous uni) • get out of the ivory tower: the work should be useful and move something and not have the only purpose of getting a grade or learning something for myself • honesty: not making something up - show the process how it was in reality, not idealized • use the facilities of the Bauhaus uni and my status as a student as much as possible • being critical and give reasons for all my steps all the time (reflection) • free falling: get away from the old ideas and try to let something unexpected happen

the

PROJECT GOALS •

Those two mindmaps show the first insight into the two chosen topics. They helped the decision-making process towards “Utopia/thefuture”.

28.

• •

make visible the effects of the present on the future and the other way around figure out how a future perspective helps to deal with the present illustrate which ideas about the future exist and how they effect the present and the future

FIELDS

First steps • look into forecasts and future prognoses and especially the research behind them • scientific research • find future scenarios and visualize them • gather information about communication and observation techniques to reach different groups in society • get a list with readings and movies and so on • try to create a scenario on our own • try to formulate our own Utopia • look into movements that are living their own utopias. For example.: independent communities, simple living movement and so on Research questions Starting to look in the topic, we were wondering which kind of people are working in the field and where they get their knowledge from. A lot of questions popped up, which in the end inspired our research: • What are trendspotters, scientists, researches and fortune-tellers trying to tell us about the future? And what does that actually mean?

• Which groups in society think about their future? What are their wishes, plans or thoughts?

starting the

Week 49 - 02 December 2012 / January 2013

RESEARCH • • • • • • • • • • • •

How does the perception on the future influence their behaviour in the present?

Why are human beings interested in the future in general?

What are scenarios and how are they used?

What IS the future?

How is fiction connected to science?

How can one change the perspective?

How do trendwatchers work?

Can one calculate the future (like insurance companies and the weather forecast try)?

How did utopian and dystopian thought develop through the time?

Can utopies become real?

How is design connected to the future?

How will we handle all this change that is there to come?

out and about

RESEARCH MATERIAL

the research

• •

The following research was used as input for the project.

•

MATERIALS text:

classics: • Adams, Douglas: “The hitchhiker´s guide to the galaxy” • Böhm, Karl: “Schauplatz Zukunft” • Callenbach, Ernest: “Ecotopia” • Orwell, George: “1984” • Gibson, William: “Neuromancer” science: • Conklin, Jeff: “Wicked Problems and Social Complexity” • Hawking, Stephen: “Space and time warps” • Hayes, N. Katherine: “How we became post-human” • Jameson, Frederic: “Archeologies of the future” • Le Monde Diplomatique: “Atlas der Globalisierung Die Welt von morgen” • FAO: “World Agriculture: Towards 2015/2030 - Summary Report” design-related: • Bleecker, Julian (Near Future Laboratory): “Design Fiction” • Buchananan, Richard: “Wicked problems in Design Thinking” • Colors Magazine: “Welcome to Vörland”, “Apocalypse - A survival guide” • Davis, Joan S.: “Designing the future: Utopien als Notwendigkeit” • Dunne, Anthony/ Raby, Fiona: “Speculative Eveything. Design, Fiction and Social Dreaming” • Fischer / Funke: “Zukunftsbilder fürs Design - 2. Europäische Designkonferenz Potsdam”, 1998 • Fuller, R.Buckminster: “Your private sky. the art of Design Science” • Hallenberger, Gerd: “Science Fiction und Design” • Hekkert, Paul / Van Dijk, Matthijs: “Vision in Product Design” • Holzapfel, Helmut: “Verkehr und Verkabelung”

• • • •

•

IDEO: design method cards Munnecke, Max / van der Lugt, Remko: “Future Mapping” Musée d´Art Moderne Luxembourg: “Tomorrow Now - Education Box” Orange Labs: “Living Maps”, Paris, 2009 Petruschat, Jörg: “Wicked problems”, 2011 Raford, Noah: “From Design fiction to experimental futures” Shedroff / Noessel: “Make it so - interaction design lessons from science fiction” Design Report 7/8 1995 Thompson, Michael: “Welche Gesellschaftsklassen sind potent genug, anderen ihre Zukunft aufzuoktroyieren?” (from: “Design der Zukunft” by Lucius Burckhardt)

film: documenaries: • Burtynsky, Edward: “Manufactured Landscapes” • National Geographic Channel: “Doomsday Preppers” • Temple, Julien: “Joe Strummer - The future is unwritten” • “De Crisis Vechters” (min.

00.25 -00.30 min), • Tegenlicht: “Power to the People - Brave New World with Stephen Hawking” movies: • Alien • Blade Runner • Brave New World • Brazil • Die kommenden Tage • Die Wolke • Donnie Darko • Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind • Fahrenheit 451 • Gattaca • Le temps du loup • Matrix • Metropolis • Moon • Silent Running • Star Wars

• • •

The Butterfly Effect Therapy Tron

persons and institutions: persons: • Asimov, Isaac • Colombo, Joe: “Form follows vision” • Lombardi, Mark • Sarrazeno, Thomas: “Cloud Cities” • Yes Man: “Positive New York Times” institutions: • betterymagazine.com • Deutscher Zukunftspreis • fao.org • Fraunhofer Institut • gbn.com • iknowfutures.eu • Long Now Foundation • Living Tomorrow • MIT Media Lab • nearfuturelaboratory.com • project.cyberpunk.ru/idb/scifi.html • resilientcity.org • thecreatorsproject.vice.com • thevenusproject.com • trendtablet.com • trendwatching.com • scifiinterfaces.com

There is a more detailed list about the research materials in the annex, including all the souces.

Tomas Sarrazeno: “Cloud Cities”,, Hamburger Bahnhof Berlin, 2012

Georges de la Tour: “La diseuse de la bonne aventure”, vers 1630

29.

OUR

PERSPECTIONS

We created several fields to structure our ideas for first research: “Experimental Jet Set”, “Research”, “Interaction” and “Observation”

que sera?

Create the future you want by using phrases like: What if...?

I´m dreaming of...

Imagine... !

I wish...

role game

put different items, costumens and actors on a stage and see what happens with the approach to create scenes, scenarios and stories by acting and using methods from theatre and movie-scriptwriting

be a time traveller

create five different costumes to make up stories from which future you come from to visit and play two different roles: observe from a future point of view and interact with the people as someone else (approach: change perspective, create different future worlds, confront people with the subject)

ten plagues

When Ancient Egypt was warned about the ten plaques, they also did not react (except for Moses and his crew of course). Looking back, it turned out to be a domino effect instead of God. The dryness led all the frogs through the land, along came the mosquitos.

What are we facing nowdays? Which stone will fall first? Where will it start?

postcards

send postcards from different futures to friends and family / or from different realities / or for special days in the year - HAPPY FUKUSHIMA - irony

research

realistic views on the future: scenarios in different fields / combining different fields (like: energy, food, health, globalization, disasters, popultaion, water, ...)

the ultimate escape survival kit Help! What do you need for different doom scenarios to survive? Let´s get packed for the worst!

30.

tools

From which fields can we get tools to use finding things about the future?

From science? Marketing? Film industry? Trendspotting? Therapy?

doom scenarios

What could possibly be the worst scenarios that one can imagine?

And even worse than that? Let´s think black. What effect do these scenarios have on us? Could there be any positive approach?

Week 49 December 2012

PERSPECTIONS !

Padam! “Yes. We created a new word. It´s PERSPECTIVE + PERCEPTION = PERSPECTIONS. Shakespeare did that as well all the time. *that´s quite a smart thing to do!”

It is! If we want to talk about something as brand new as the future then we can´t keep the old stuff. Not even words.

another view

Make weird glasses that change your view (physically). How does the world looklike in pink? Starshaped? With a prism in front?

space

Stay as long in one place until you get to be a part of it (and therby invisible).

Then observe. And take pictures.

observation

Create weird places to observe public or private space from unusal perspectives (like the stool in “Kitchen stories”).

museum

How would a museum about our time look like? Which items would be there? How would they be explained?

Exhibited? How weird would they be?

scenario

Illustrate possible future scenarios.

Prostitutes in Amsterdam. The sea full of plastic. Living on the moon.

How would it look like in a picture?

marketing

Let´s see it from the other side. How do marketing companies see the destructive behaviour of consumption? How could we sell catastrophies? How to make the evil look nice? Accidents beautiful? Dystopia desireable?

design for the future

How will items look in the future? How can one avoid a futuristic design style? What will be there? Can one combine spaceships and whales?

futurescope

Build a machine that makes you see the future (or imagine that what you see is the future)!

toolbox

With different games to go out and explore what the future means.

where is Wallie?

And where are you in a possible future?

Make a picture / scene situated in the future, place yourself somewhere in there and start to tell the story.

31.

A toolbox for Utopia

Week 50 December 2012

KICK-OFF

Experimental

RESEARCH

After collecting all the ideas, we thought about how to get more knowledge about our subject. We concentrated on the topic of participative experimental research. Who could we ask about the future? Who is interested in the future?

Still influenced by the first map we made about social sustainability and the “field trips” research, we planned on asking all kind of individuals in different groups of society.

As a next step we tried to find a way how to communicate with these people. What did we want to know of them? How should the outcome look like? Which kind of questions would we have to ask therefore?

The result was a “toolbox” with different tasks and games to ask questions about the future in a playful way and be able to talk to all kinds of generations, from children to seniors.

With real items we aimed to inspire people to start talking and thereby thinking about their very own Utopia or finding out what they wish for. All tasks were based on simple questions and the principle of having a real item in the hand - something to hold on within this abstract subject.

crystal ball A crystal ball like used by fortune tellers could be the requisite to express the very own heart´s desires. I wish I could...

ultimate survival escape kit What would you pack if you would have to face a catastrophy? The end of the world?

doodle Both an interviewer and his partner would have a sketchblock to doodle next to a conversation.

What could these small unconscious sketches tell afterwards?

puzzle of importance Which kind of aspects and things in life are most important to you? A car? Your teddy bear? A nice coffee machine? Ask the user to make a selection and get it in order.

habits Hand someone items and ask about their future: Will they still exist? Why (not)? If so, how will they look like?

How would one use them then?

Which value will they have?

pyramid of values Which values do you have?

facts Give the participant two facts that he has to reconsider. What if... you just change a single thing in this world?

If just one single aspect would be different? How would it be then? captain future Imagine you meet a person from the future. What would you ask him?

32.

election party Imagine you live in the future. Which kind of political system might be there?

What sort of parties could you vote for?

What if... ?

Week 50 - 02 December 2012 / Januari 2013

RESEARCH IN SCENARIOS What if...

IT ALL COMES TOGETHER? ...then the prostitutes in Amsterdam might turn out to swim behind their show windows and attract customers with their wonderfully sparkling mermaid-fish-scales. Scientists found that too much CO2 from using all the fossil resouces at once leads to a climate change which will melt the glaciers and the arctic ice shields, so the overall water level will rise some meters what makes Amsterdam an underwater Atlantis-like city and forces the prostitutes to tansform into mermaids.

Or will it turn out completely different? Who knows...

Research

CONCLUSIONS

1. Science fiction is underrated. (or: naming is more important than the actual content) Science Fiction is situated somewhere in-between storytelling (and thereby thought experiments, visualization and design), science and philosophy.

In many cases we found that the importance of science fiction is still not appreciated, although also most “serious” professions are based on hypothesises, assumptions or, in another word: fiction. The financial system is based on betting on the future (Boerse), trend agencies promise to provide the trends of tomorrow and before a scientist can prove something, he must postulate.

Science Fiction can provide this postulation and lead to real innovation, as it is free from the boundaries of possibilities and politics. Only what you first imagined can be developed - or prevented. ‘science fiction does not merely anticipate but actively shapes technological futures through its effect on the collective imagination’ - Paul Dourish 2. Holidays in Utopia Like in fantasy stories, where the characters dream themselves away in another world and come back stronger to solve problems in their own reality, Utopian thought can provide this motivation as well. Goals keep you going!

3. Reality is an illusion The human being perceives selective.

Since he is not able to get the whole picture, this what we call reality is actually just a model of the reality.

And: There is also no real time, as our senses receive the information always with a (tiny, not even noticeable, but still existent) delay. In other words, what does it mean ‘to be realistic?’

4. Preppers!

We found way more dystopian than utopian thought in contemporary movies, movements and foresight.

With this negativity, people tend to run away rather than take opportunities.

5. Zoom out By looking at the future and seeing all the possible developments, foresights and theories we found ourselves looking at the surrounding in another way: We started to see a bit more of

CO2

science

climate change

rising water level

Amsterdam

prostitutes

the whole picture, seeing connections where we hadn´t seen them before, questioning the world as we know it.

6. Butterfly effect Every action causes a reaction.

Everything we do moves the future. The effects are mostly vague or invisible, as they appear somewhere, sometime, not obviously connected to their origin.

Thereby they appear as a surprise or are not even noticed. Of course it is impossible to calculate exactly what will happen, though scenarios can help to think about possible reactions and side effects before they actually happen.

They can be a great support for taking more thoroughness/though full acts.

Research

SCENARIOS After reading, talking, seeing, discussing & dreaming about scenarios, we decided to start building them on our own to gain a better understanding of the techniques we had discovered during the research. Where could it lead?

We were inspired by three different techniques to construct the scenarios:

First we were creating the scenarios in an axis structure like proposed by Wired and Shell, later on we used another approach, creating them in a more flexible frame that reminds of idea mapping. As an input for the start we used research materials and predictions about the future from different sources, made by researchers, scientists, film directors and all sorts of people and organisations.

The methods we tried seemed to be a logical approach to create future scenarios, but building these appeared to be harder then we had thought in first place.

Research

CONFUSIONS

finding the

Looking deeper in the field of scenarios we gained a lot of knowledge - which was leaving us behind with even more questions than ever before...

Questions we had: • Can one calculate the future?

• Can one create the future?

• Are science fiction authors just really good society readers - or do they design our future societies?

• What if all the facts come together?

• Could we see how our project will turn out if we already knew which things will come together to create it?

• How should we ever prepare if we never have all the facts?

• What is reality? When is something real?

• Why does it seem that we have more stress when we have more products that are supposed to help to have more time?

• Is living without belongings or without a real home a lifestyle or is it a phase in life? Can it only happen only in a luxury world out of choice?

WORKSTRUCTURE

WiredScenario “How to build scenarios” by Lawrence Wilkinson - An article on how to build and use scenarios. First one creates a matrix and fits in contrasting forces to build a framework where to situate the scenes within. Then they are named and describing in detail. http://www.wired.com/wired/ scenarios/build.html

Shortly before Christmas we analyzed the work structure for the first time.

It is a process of gathering ideas, making decision and continuing like this. Thereby a constant specification is made. At the same moment it also looks like a Christmas tree.

Shell Scenario Scenario thinking by energy company Shell: They explain their strategy planning based on two scenarios and a tutorial on how to build and use scenarios acording to them. http://www.shell.com/home/content/ future_energy/scenarios/

and, last but not least: How will this end?

Future Mapping

by Remko van der Lugt & Max Munnecke A step-by-step introduction on how to create “future maps” out of several scenarios

33.

building

SCENARIOS

Structure

AXIS

The first scenarios we built using an axis frame.

We created them several times, with different axes. These x and y were finally: X global and local Y dependent and independent

n°1 X: localism - globalism Y: dependent - independent A: community (open) B: fleamarket (open) C: departmentstore (closed) D: sect (closed)

The four different scenarios were:

Department store: global & independent The change of energy resources, the leak in material and food resources and the growing world population is encountered by planning, structuring and organising every detail. Each city or area will produce and use own products to be as independent as possible. One can still be and live all over the world.

Flee market: global & dependent Society is chaotic; people of all cultures, ages and backgrounds are living together in free and corrupt cities or camps. One can be really rich or really poor, the overall rule is the survival of the fittest. One can live all over the world, people go where the resources are, everything relies on the (black) market. The complete life is based on systems of exchange, since values and organisations became unreliable.

Sect: national & independent Society is based on one shared believe - one main statement (could also be linked to religion) which brings people together in small groups. These groups have no need to stay in contact with each other. The members of one tribe are living together and share everything. They can really rely on one another (as long as they believe of course), what creates a strong dynamic within the group.

Community: local & dependent Society consists out of small groups of people living together in a free way. In between these groups there is an exchange system. Therefor they can not be (completely) independent. Due to all sorts of social systems, some items are shared, some tasks are divided, but in general people have their own private lives and ideas.

Why they did not work: • We came to a point where it’s seemed that we were describing: Socialism, Monarchism, Capitalism and Democracy - so the outcome wasn´t really innovative.

• We used too many expressions and knowledge from ‘our world’ (determined also by language - for example using terms like “globalisation”) - the process wasn´t really helping to open up our minds.

• We had a lot of discussions about the outlines, the frame and the sources of our knowledge, for example the scenario “sect” and “community” were very close, we could not figure out how to name the axis to distinguish them from one another.

• Was it in the end just one scenario? We got confused whether or not there was one realistic scenario or if they were four extreme scenarios.

We kept on discussing and creating the four scenarios as if they were together in one world.

• Where is this place? How does Europe look like then, what do we actually know or what can we say about the future of Europe? It was a process full of doubts, because we were aware that we could never have all the information - which left us really insecure.

• The setup was too broad, we needed to narrow it down to a specific time, place and subject.

• We took for granted that society will change with a climate change and that economy changes because of resource changes - but what if not?

As a scenario never goes alone, you always have different sides. But that does not mean there have to be exactly four opposites framed in an axis.

34.

n°2 urban living X: localism - globalism Y: closed societies - open societies A: “monarchy”, power is concentrated in many strong centers B: “communism”, designed, wellstructured, rational, Big Brother (the state is watching you) C: “democratic”, rough, a lot of ups & downs D: “socialism”, people are independent in terms of systems & resources (local), but dependent on the group, Big Brother (your neighbor is watching you) A&C: capitalistic structures B&D: strong planning and social system n°3 2030, food and society X: localism - globalism Y: social - egocentric A: need to participate, people come together, everyone gets the same amount (open kitchens/gardens) B: guarantee for a living, organized production, the basic things are really cheap, but the rest is very very expensive (public mensas) C: gapping society, rich & poor (fanciest restaurants, cheap street food, international kitchen) D: everyone keeps to himself (produce and eat alone)

n°4 travelling X: localism - globalism Y: closed societies (selected) - open societies (for everyone) A: nationalists, traditionalists/dictators B: world of international neighborhoods (departmentstore), Big Brother C: flea-market-piratestates (anything goes), open citizenship D: local trading & resources, visitors are welcome but have to live like locals

Week 51 - 03 December 2012 / January 2013

Structure

MAPPING

After working with the classical axis based scenarios we looked for more flexible frameworks. We found and used two techniques. One was described by the company Shell and the other one was called ‘Future Mapping’ by Remko van der Lugt & Max Munnecke. The strategy is the following: • • • • •

First, one collects facts, developments and trends in a force map and combines the most related ones to build a scenario out of them.

Then one puts these scenarios in relation to each other by using a map. Afterwards one concludes opportunities, threaths and ideas.

The future map is based on one domain and gives the designer inspiration and navigation towards innovation in this field.

The Future Map is created out of one main question with many different answers.

Each answer can lead to the outline of a different scenario.

Based on this strategy we started to create scenarios with a method that resembles mind mapping. We experimented with this technique a few times, not only as a group but also on our own. As a result we had two storylines: “Survival” and “Hypertasking”. They both started from a radical change concerning energy: Not enough energy or endless resources.

Survival There is a leak of energy and resources. Society is dealing with this change by becoming more independent. People are living in small groups or families that are surviving. They are not completely going back to basics but focuse on the main elements of life - like a safe sleeping place, food and water. Therefor people rely on local resources. This could develop in a new nomad lifestyle.

Hypertasking In this society there is not such a big problem with energy because of a well organised solar energy system. Thanks to that there is an overload of energy and technology develops fastly further. People are connected with everyone everywhere.

There are however problems. The technological development is supporting that people live more and more in a virtual world. Most of society is hypertasking through life, but there is also some resistance. Issues like the access to resources of rare materials lead to wars or new colonies.

Why it did not work: • The perspective was very broad and the timeframe wasn´t fix. Thereby it was hard to developed a future development step by step, sometimes we just built a complete new world. But as this happened unconscious we had trouble getting grip on this.

•

• •

The different scenarios were not matching too good and developing them further made them drifting apart from each other.

They were too dependent on our own believes on how the future would look like.

We were not sure if we really used the method we found or our own understanding of it.

map 1: 2027, population - what happens if one puts together a growing population, global warming and the growing influence of China? map 2: values and finance - what happens to the financial markets if the growing value of data goes along with an increase of participative movements like crwodfunding?

map 3: What happens if the technological development continues to increase that fast? Will there be a hypertasking society , an information overkill?

What could stop such a development?

scenario building

Week 01 - 03 January 2013

CONCLUSIONS what we

KNOW

A scenario never goes alone: If there is one, there are more.

A scenario contains forces of different reliability.

A scenario will never be real, but reality might lie somewhere in-between different scenarios.

Reading about the different scenario building techniques and testing them at the same time made it easier to understand them. This is what we learned during this process: •

•

• •

Before building a scenario one should write down personal believes, whishes, ideas and visions about the future. Without doing so, their influence during the building process would be too immense and create blindspots (we discovered this ourselves, but it is also mentioned in the tutorial of Shell).

Too detailed scenarios won’t work, there will always be holes in the story. But one can use specific examples to illustrate the overall concept - storylines about how people will act or how something will work in this world.

The scenario has to inspire, one can see oneself in it or the one who will use it will be able to do this. That doesn´t mean that it has to be necessariliy realistic.

The frame / axis of conventional scenario building can hold you down (we discovered that ourselves during tests and it is as well mentioned in the source Future Mapping).

left: further states of the scenarios around the growth of population (1) and technological developments (2)

scenarios

distinguish the research material from our own ideas. It was unclear which events led us to the final future world.

While creating our own scenarios we discovered a few things that kept us from finishing them in a concrete shape that could lead us to real storytelling that will inspire.

blind spots We mixed up our own believes or wishes about the future with the scenario process. This is how we ended up in discussions just based on our own believes. It wasn´t a waste of time, since it is good to be clear about that. But to have a more general view and not be influenced too much by our own perspectives, we decided to write down our very own ideas of utopia (see next page).

ANALYSIS

lose track With discussions and breaks, the sessions took quite some time. It was difficult to constantly remind each other on what we agreed on, how you put a force in - was it a trend, was it a fact or was it rarely happening? We often lost the overview and ended up with two different interpretations of the scenario. So how could one build a scenario in a rather long process of exchange and discussing? If one person writes down the storylines, it will always be hard to follow for others. next step We were not able to take the next step and outline our scenarios with real storylines, personas, moodboards or conclusions concerning product developments in this future context. seperate research material from own ideas Our main ingredients for the scenarios were supposed to be quotes and conclusions out of research material that said something about future events and could have some impact on the future (like: “the arctic will be ice free in the summer of 2025”). Often we drifted off quite quickly and put in our own believes and thoughts. Of course this is possible in the process of creating a scenario, but we couldn´t

36.

doubt There was a lot of doubt about the quality of the scenarios because of the leak in knowledge. We were left with the question wheter or not we could ignore this and just create inspiring scenarios or if we should limit the scenarios to the information we really had. Could it be a useful scenario if it only consists out of our own beliefs and wishes?

A clearer view Scenarios help decision makers reconcile apparent contradictions or uncertainties, for example the impact of political change of a region on global movements. They also have the potential to improve awareness around issues that could become increasingly important, such as growing urbanisation, greater connectivity or the loss of trust in certain institutions. By exploring plausible as well as predictable outcomes, scenarios challenge conventional wisdom. Organisations using scenarios find it easier to recognise impending disruptions in their own operating environment, such as political changes, demographic shifts or recessions. They also increase their resilience to sudden changes caused by unexpected crises like natural disasters or armed conflicts.

Scenarios can justify or underline decisions, they can serve as an argument and have the power to convince people. Especially when talking about trends and developments, both vague fields, scenarios can help to find common ground instead of floating in hot air without knowing how trustable a statement is.

To create scenarios it is helpful to have knowledge and research about the certain field, but not necessary.

research in

Week 51 - 05 December 2012 / January 2013

UTOPIA think about your very own

WISHES

While struggling to build scenarios we discovered that we had to clear our minds. Just for ourselves we wrote down what we expected the future would bring - our own ideas, thoughts, visions and feelings about the future - like a personal utopia or dystopia. The idea to look in one´s own ideas about the future is also mentioned in the scenario guide from Shell. The reason for doing this is to be aware of the fact that one has personal thoughts about the future.

These thoughts can become so-called “blind spots” during the scenario building process, as one unconsciously manipulated the process to create a future scenario closer to the own preferences. Knowing one´s own believes increases the ability to reflect on future research with an open mind.

“ownership will change in a burden for most of the big investments / servoce companies get common and better organized / if your laptop is broken you´ll get a new one while the other is getting fixed by the actual owner / ... / the human life/organisation will become more and more a logical ecosystem”

“Utopia ... Tomaten schmecken wieder nach Tomaten ... common ground ... es ist nicht zu perfekt - die Menschen haben noch das Bedürfnis, etwas zu bewegen”

37.

structure the research

TIMELINE OF FUTURE ELEMENTS

38.

39.

working with the

TIMELINE

a flexible

STRUCTURE After analysing the try-outs with the axis and mapping frameworks, we concluded that we had to change the method of creating scenarios. The free framework (future mapping) was more promising, since one was not forced to come up with exactly four developments.

We did however need some structure to improve the communication during the process. There was the need for an overview of all the optional information about current and possible future events and how to use and rate these. This leaded towards creating a timeline. All the information we had collected so far was placed in this timeline. By using different codes we were able to structure the ‘Future Elements’ (predictions about the future by researchers, scientists, film directors etc.). The map created out of those Future lements would help us to get grip on discussions during scenario building.

•

•

We had to be clear on what kind of material we were putting in. Was it our own thought or was it a prediction by someone else? Was it a serious source or rather random? How could we rate the reliability?

Later in the scenario it should be visible how much it was relying on the different sources - would it be a reliable scenario or rather an impossible future?

By structuring all possible future events we created a certain coding for the timeline: fields • marked by: colour of the text • structured by: politics, economy, energy, demograpics, social developments, technology, economy, health reliability: • marked by different background paper and the distance from the line (close to the line: quite possible, far: unreliable) • structured by: fact, trend, wildcard, early warning sign (according to the reliability or on how they could appear in the future. A wildcard is quite unreliable to happen but would turn our whole world upside down, a trend could slowly develop towards a movement or disappear again. A fact is quite certain to happen.) time • structured by: the timeline

40.

Then we took some matching Future Elements and used them together as a scenario outline. Our approach was based on the information we had about Future Mapping.

Especially the overlapping fields helped us to see how these Future Elements could shape the future. For example Future Elements out of the fields technology and biology could create a future scenario for the mutual field health.

This scenario was the outline of a story that developed from thinking about the different fields in which future developments could be situated and how they influence each other.

outcome We created two mindmap scenarios about what could happen in Europe (the one below and on the upper one on the next page). The one with the post-its (next page, down) was more a scenario outline where informations were placed and related towards each other. The scenario written in blue (on the right) was more a story but it was not clear what kind of future events where shaping this and how these events were related with one another. Even afterwards we were not able to figure this out.

With some distance, the timeline appears rather complicated and unstructured, but with it creating scenarios was working much better with it. The timeline worked as a communication tool to discuss which events in the future be could important in which context. When someone found a new Future Element, it could be easily shared and rated by putting it into the timeline according the coding. But this was only working up to some point.

•

The timeline did create an overview that worked to structure the information and look it up .

• For the two of us it served as a good communication tool since we both knew how to read and use the coding. however • Since the line could not grow endlessly, after a while it got cluttered and unclear by adding more information.

• Every time one wanted to use one of the Future Elements, one had to re-write the information to put it in the mindmaps for the scenarios. Overwriting worked, but only if one did do it exactly. Also quite impossible to keep the single Future Elements came from.

• While discussing about the future scenarios the map changed constantly. To make it more flexible, we started to use post-its to write down the Future Elements. This was an improvement but not quite perfect (as proven by the lost-post-it-box).

Conclusion: We needed a flexible timeline.

A scenario built with the information from the timeline but without the use of (re-)movebale material like post-its.

Week 04 - 05 Januari, 2013

(lost - and found - post-its-box)

Two scenarios built with the elements out of the timeline. While working on them we noticed that we needed to work within an even more flexible structure.

41.

the

Week 05 - 06 February 2013

TRIAL & ERROR I start making

Anniek & Lisa

NON SENSE

THE FUTURE SOCIETY II

The project came to a point where a normal mind map was not sufficient anymore. Just making one mind map after another for ourselves didn´t seem to make sense at all.

time: 2 hours + topic: society in the future result: The new cards and the coding with levels worked well. But we found out that what was written on the cards was really important. A clear description for one of us wasn’t necessarily clear for the other one. The visualisation materials and pictures came in good. We also found some different ways to use the tool.

The process of creating them did however seem to lead somewhere. But still we had not discovered a single technique that explained us step-by-step how to build a future context.

Future Perspections was created within a process of trial and error. We were constantly developing, testing, analysing and improving. On the next pages several sessions with different candidates are presented and show how and out of which reasons our technique developed.

Building a tool We considered making a digital timeline, but rejected this idea quite quick. We didn´t develop the timeline to gather and built the world’s biggest future database. Our goal became even clearer in this phase: We really wanted to deal with all the information we had about the future and act as designers.

It was important to be clear about what is said about our future. Which events and predictions are contradicting each other and which are working together as domino pieces?

How can a scenarios be used to create and design?

Changes in try-out 2

We decided to give up the structure of a timeline and keep the information by putting them on small cards.

These cards were taped on little pieces of wood to clear out the reliability. Quite naturally we started mapping them around, drawing lines beneath them and using several materials to visualise our thoughts.

•

•

Along with all these serious issues we still wanted to find a way to keep the head up and stay motivated. We decided to create a tool designed to motivate and guide the participants of a session to make the process of scenario-building more playful and understandable. The tool was meant to make the process less complicated without reducing the complexity, to help dealing with the enormous amount of data and predictions, make it tangible and touchable and create a relaxing athmosphere to be open, curious and crazy enough to think in dimensions of the non-existant.

• •

Not only do the blocs work good to point out the difference between normal notes and the cards. It also functioned well to represent the level.

The cards were designed with a specific time frame, a colour for the field and a level.

Special visualisation items were collected for use during the session Since we decided the best way to make the surface more flexible would be an chalkboard underground we used a black underground to see how that would look. .

Conclusion out of try-out 1I

THE FUTURE SOCIETY I time: 2 hours + topic: society in the future result: Positive, we could communicate well about our ideas and thoughts. We both felt connected and on the same page. This was different from creating scenarios on paper.

Conclusion out of try-out 1 •

• • • • •

44.

Working on a table cleared out that it was better to use a big surface. We used a paper to draw the connections between the cards. But the surface should have been more flexible in a way that one can do quick easy changes.

Using blocs to put the cards on makes the cards clearly different from the normal notes that are just drawn on the working surface.

Putting the cards on blocs is also a specific handling.

That makes it more a conscious decision. One really has to put them on a piece and then in the map.

The four dots on the cards show the level (the reliability: is it a wildcard or a force?)

The use of extra visualisation materials could be helpful.

The colours of the card represented the field.

The new items were working, but they needed to be completed and real for a real testing with other persons. For example there weren’t enough stones and bands to put them on, so we started improvising with other materials and then the tool became hard to explain for people who were not familiar with it.

future elements

Week 05-07 Februari 2013

DEVELOPMENT The design of the first cards The cards were still based on the information of the timeline, but redesigned to use them individually. They were ranked in levels of reliability, time and fields of interest. The sources were all listed and referenced by a number on the cards. On the backside we placed a short explanation. reliability: There were four levels, presented in the background of the card. A full bar is level 4, 1/4 bar is level 1.

1 wildcard: possible but unreliable event 2 trend or breaker: expecting trends of the near future or event that will change or stop a trend 3 effect: effect of a fact, facts and trends together 4 fact: trustable, calculatable event time The timeframe represented by a clock icon shows when the event is expected to happen. fields There are eight main topics used to collect data for the scenario building process: • politics • economics • social developments • technology • environment • energy • demographics • health

The right for education for girls worldwide

educate girls worldwide Source / development is comingS141 SX

own your own digital data S

S

S

S26

Big Brother

S26 S145

Globalisation

SX

more and more countries have education nationalism SX for children and girls Malala Yousafzai, Pakistani girl

You are the owner of all your digital data, produced by all the conected devices Sand services you use. This data is tradable.

Stephen hawking, series Brave New World Big Brother has all your digital data By all the conected devices and services one uses, you can track persons or groups S in society very precise Stephen hawking, series Brave New World Warning signs,

Source / development is going S

S41

Ultimate destructive power once held only by major states, is now in the hands of psychotic individuals as well as failed states such as S North Korea.

S41 World trend research, website from the book Between two Ages

The ability to create change, as well as the attitude that change is desirable, is now a S global possession.

S41

The ability to create change, as well as the attitude that change is desirable, is now a global possession.

S S41 World trend research, website from the book Between two Ages

business driven politics

SX

Check sources lobbies by (big) corporations strongly S influences the political strategy and policy example soya producer in goverment - brazil

Ultimate destructive power once held only by major states, is now in the hands of psychotic individuals S as well as failed states such as North Korea.

S

S

S

S

ideas for the cards and the storage

S

S

S

S

S

S

45.

the

TOOL AND THE FOCUS Stage The stage will present the frame where your scenarios are situated within, to keep everyone focused and orientated Apart from the main subject, the time, the user group and the location can be written down on the Stage.

finding

Focuspoints After the first two tests we finally started to feel certain that this tool could work, therefor we decided to built a prototype to test our ideas within an ideal situation.

For this prototype some of the items were re-designed, others were adjusted. We had two goals: • being able to communicate better since you use the items to express your ideas.

• by making the items look better, they should become more attractive in a sense that you are keen on using them and that the scenarios become more readable after a session is over.

This setting was presented end of February 2013 for Professor Wolfgang Sattler and Kristian Gohlke as Future Perspections: A tool to create future scenarios. We explained the idea of building a tool and how it would work. We also discussed our two focus points and how we wanted to spend the last month of the project.

The focus points were: 1. Use using Future Perspections to see where it could lead, for example product ideas.

2. Test developing Future Perspections by testing and reflecting on how it works for others. Therefor we needed to built a propper prototype.

Professor Wolfgang and Kristian

Intermediate presentation 18 February We received an e-mail from Professor Wolfgang Sattler and Kristian Gothke with their notes of the presentation of 18.02.2013 --Hereby the notes from today: Tangible Effects Intermediate Presentation 02/18/2013 Lisa & Anniek -> The Future! “what if ..it all comes together” Scenariobuilding Combining current developments with futuristic perspectives.

Human interest in the Future -> Utopia?

Today: Facts overkill -> Dystopian Thoughts Encourage people instead of scaring them -> create opportunities instead of problems Foresight: from reaction to action!

Scenarios as a way to gain knowledge, draw conclusions in a context of wicked planning planning problems Timeline of the future forces: facts, developments, trends, wildcards Method Design: Need for a tool as a basis for discussion -> Table for discussions/planning/scenarios/inspiration Nächste Schritte: Tisch/Spielsteine & Spielelemente/zusätzliche freie Materialien (Watte/Holz/Metallspäne/Linse?)

Tryout III THE FUTURE OF DIGITAL DATA

46.

Arrows The pink arrows will be put besides new opportunities and ideas - so that during and after a session you will be able to quickly identify the ideas.

Week 08 February 2013

Flags As soon as there is a storyline coming up, one can define it as a scenario by putting a flag and naming a certain area. You could still add new items or change it, but it remembered you at the same time of the created scenario.

Behaviour cards The behaviour cards describe an overall human behaviour or habit that you can add to an scenario or an idea to point out challenges or opportunities.

The cards could be put on small speaking balloons (like in cartoons) made of felt to place them within scenarios or ideas on the table.

Question sticks Especially during our research phase we had much more questions than answers about the future. Finally, by designing future worlds we could find answers. The questions we found before were discussed in this new context to improve the storyline. And they would also question the scenario itself: Is it a real story or does it need more context?

The surface The surface was painted with chalkboard paint, so you could always move all items around and erase (and rewrite) the notes easily - for more freedom and flexibility.

47.

focuspoint 1

USING THE TOOL Anniek & Lisa

THE FUTURE OF DIGITAL DATA

•

2 hours +

strategy: basic: we selected cards according to the topic

scenarios:

„Biedermeier 2.0” • Big Brothers (the government/ companies/scientists/associations/single persons/...)

• I spy-you spy - we spy (everyone observes everyone) • no privacy • nothing is secret - nothing is sacred • the main organ of society´s body are servers, the limbs are gadgets, the senses are apps • many laws and restrictions possibilities: • less production of digital data (people rather quit &

•

•

not have all the advantages then never being private) arrange yourself and find a niche (create fake identities, wrong data or write programs which do so, confuse the behaviour-tracking programs by listening music you don´t like, take weird routes or wear interfearring transmitters) enjoy it (as all is personalized you get all you think you want without effort - the big brother is watching after you and nourrishes you with data and services) get out. (create alternatives, gather the ones you trust, small circles, secret servers, secret societies, password protection - like pirate radio station or gangs from the neighborhood)

•

crime: where will be the next murder?) - it is possible to see the structure of society and intervene (society as laboratory) - reality mining and stochastic calculations enable precise forecasts (POWER!) data are very valuable (there are fights about tracking them wars! need for online judges!)

how to deal with that...

• YAY! everybody owns the data sHe produces and exchanges them for virtual values, gadgets or money: they can be donated as well to research that might help the person (health!) or allows to use a social network or service - there is a great variety in companies and services (which is no good for the research as competition leads to vague research) • digital devices store your data and have a value afer being used • slavery and prostitution: government and companies just use your data - you´re obligated by law or social/ commercial pressure to be registered to certain sites - no control over data, people that can´t effort access to devices enroll themselves to programs where they get those for free but then they function as living research tools - data farming !

so...

• Fuck off! not paying the tax as a form of protest against strict laws and upcoming online class society (there are people who can effort to be on the internet and people that can´t) - anger, fear...

• New ways: there is just not enough energy that ones needs to run all these servers and devices: intense research for new sources and ideal places goes along with a fragmentation of the internet: every citizen gets the same amount of data/time

personas: • • • • • •

the digital citizen the ghost the e-pirate the surfin´ scientist the digital slave the online judge

product ideas / new thoughts:

“Researcher´s paradise” • “real time” access to data (living maps etc.) to follow movements, draw conclusions and make predictions which are highly accurate (transport: where is the next accident most likely to happen? health: who might become sick?

• • •

•

“Carbon Countdown” • there will be a co2-tax: the higher the carbon footprint of a product or service, the higher the tax: every google search, every click, all data costs money • people start being efficient on the web or have a black server • you get reduction or payback if you do something to reduce carbon emission or if you donate data for scientific research or environmental issues

• • •

there will be a new market of data trading the consumer might own the self-mined data need for a service to have an overview about the personally collected data, to delete, use, exchange, donate or trade them people will start to connect their brains directly to share thoughts and create cloud intelligence everyone will have a certain IP-adress, that, if stolen, takes away your identety your teleophone is connected to your pillow if you get married you don´t exchange rings but IP-adresses

Before, we tested how the method can serve to take a look into what might come in the future and show the difficult interrelations of what was, what is, what will follow. In the second phase of the project: The design of future items, of things yet to come.

48.

Week 08 February 2013

welcome 2830dTH34

Credits 1.52

day track 18

welcome 2830dTH34

Here are some examples for the second phase of the scenario creating process: Developing ideas, sketches and mock-ups for fictional products and speculative designs.

Credits 3.72

day track 18

Insectsstore 15,98 09:16 18.02.25 credit Groceries Edeka 34,79 14:13 14.02.25 credit

On the left, there is a proposal for how a virtual credit system for data-collecting, -sharing and -selling could look like.

Bakery Bread 20,18 10:49 14.02.25 credit Farm project X 23,48 16:09 13.02.25 credit shopping tip sports program

partners

2

donation

deleted

3

monitor

personal profile 2830dTH34 last visit 14:26:05 //18.02.25

partners

donation

deleted

monitor

personal profile 2830dTH34 last visit 14:26:05 //18.02.25

49.

Tryout I

THE FUTURE OF URBAN GARDENING

focuspoint 2

Week 09 February 2013

TESTING I

In first place, Future Perspections was developped not for others but to help us to get along with all the information we had, to put it together and to conclude without getting lost somewhere down the road. So it was necessary to test Future Perspections with someone who didn´t know it and who had a intrest in finding a new perspective on a certain subject. Who could have been better test candidates than our mates from the Master´s program?

test candidate: Dimitri

• •

3 hours +

•

URBAN GARDENING

strategy: classic. - use of the blackboards to note the past and present, look through cards and take those that fit. group them, draw conclusions, find scenes, name them.

scenarios: “garden to-go”: • gardening becomes such an usual lifestyle, that it gets normal to have own plants, shared gardens and companies that plant locally.

•

• • •

whole “urban meals” what could be helpful in a crisis/ worst case catastrophy scenario? “rent a box” principle: grow your specialized food or let a company do it for you (own seeds, own ground, own choice, ...) in case of nuclear catastrophies or DNA-modification-scandals/ sicknesses: people might only trust home-grown food from certified seed banks hospital-gardens: gardening as a therapy and cultivation of medicinal plants a Geiger-counter for your plant for the after-business-gardeners: a bag where you can take as well your laptop as your garden-tools with you (like a sports sack)

personas:

“planet green terror” • huge financial and energycrisises make that the system collapses. after a few days people start to plunder supermarkets, when everything is gone, a new system starts to develop • based on local farming and knowledge about eadible plants • violent world, where your familiy is most important. “micro attacks” • people suffer from new sicknesses, arising as long-term reaction to genetically manipulated food. mostly all food is contamined, so people start to regenerate old sorts.

• as more and more catastrophies shock earth, huge fear of eating food contamined by radiation. “high-tech-plant-power” • no problem with energy, hightechnology takes over.

• plant apps help to manage your green activities and farms are completely technologized: robots pick the fruits, distribution is fully automatisized, • people combine printed food with fresh, home-grown vegetables and fruits.

product ideas/new thoughts: • • •

52.

what about urban animals? animal farms? how could one protect the garden (from rubbery/vandalism/pollution)? how could one integrate a point of sale? (outside supermarkets?)

• •

our conclusion: • • •

• • • •

• • •

•

• • •

Mr. Yunioshi (the protective gardener): he needs to fight for his plants, as all the hungry crisispeople want to steal from him the food-pirate: he can´t grow, as he´s never in one place, but he steals from those who do or helps in their gardens in exchange for food the after-work-gardener: changes his tie against an apron the green patient: therapy by the power of plants: growing and using their power! the food-gang: they tag secret knowledge about spots with eadible plants in urban areas, as this knowledge helps to survive

Dimitri´s conclusion: • • •

• •

start was confusing stronger stage: frame the subject better (more info on the stage) more surprises: he knows enough about urban gardening, he wants to have weird insights and new ideas - going to the surreal ask random questions OR working with specialists on a really precise/profunded scenario wish for extra tables with paper rolls to sketch

first time in use with somene else before creating scenario: need to know in what phase a project/ idea of a participating person is make the beginning easier/more playful

ideas:

•

•

wish for specialists in the round to talk to didn’t care about time frame

write ideas on paper to keep for later (not just draw them on the table) more flexible reliability scale new way to play: IF-questions in the beginning (What if...?) if someone is longer in a project he wants to make a scenario including surprises! crazy shit! out of context! if someone is new to a theme: realistic scenario. every participant should have a chalk pencil and something to make notes for himself cards could be from plastic to guarantee more flexibilty (write over, tape over....) we need a wet AND a dry sponge

focus point 2

Week 09 February 2013

TESTING II test candidate: Fabian

3D-PRINTING IN (UN)USEFUL NEW CONTEXTS 2 hours +

strategy:

ideas:

random. no preselection of cards but blind choice of five cards of every field (at least one from every level of every field), no use of research or already deveoped ideas.

connect the force cards with each other (which ones do influence others? - cross references!)

scenarios: different ones without a certain specification or definition or naming

personas: none.

product ideas / new thoughts: • •

• • • • • •

construction spider: robots combined with 3D-printing are building houses or repair them 3D printing fort for disasters (different programs, so depending on kind of disaster you can print different things) if-kits: print in case of... (expedition, disaster, space-flight, ...)

- package to take with you watch a movie etc. and buy to print directly what you like robots that repair / reproduce themselves with the aid of 3D-printing 3D-copy machines buy 3D-print cards with credit in real 3D-print shops 3D prostitute: print woman that have been scannig themseves for one-time use

fabian´s conclusion: it could help to create new ideas

our conclusion: • • •

the outcome seems bigger for those that haven´t been working in the field before it helped to illustrate the function of the bricks/levels with the actual material having fun with the materials etc. is obviously quite important, but also a bit distracting

53.

Tryout II

3D-PRINTING IN (UN)USEFUL CONTEXTS

focus point 2

Week 09 February 2013

TESTING III test candidate: Irene

Kristian

THE FUTURE OF DINNER CULTURE

consultation After the first test we made an appointment with Kristian Gohlke to talk about the results and new plans.

1 hour

strategy: • • •

•

decision on the far future start with a brainstoming about the food culture then selecting cards together: putting out those that might fit, afterwards discussing them together and choosing only twenty out of them then no continuation because too late/a bit sick/very tired

Kristian´s opinion:

• • • •

•

scenarios: none yet.

product ideas / new thoughts: • •

• • •

food is social (easier to inegrate, special behaviour when social contact, leads to social contacts) let´s have a coffee! - food as an occation for social contact (used to overcome awkward situations, gives a meeting purpose, one has something to do) nearly no social contact without food Schlaraffenland eating besides doing something else

personas: none yet.

Irene´s conclusion: •

•

56.

“stairs” of fact/development/trend/ wildcard are confusing: is the highest the most or last reliable? is there any connection to the time? - mixed up time and level. brainstorming in the beginning

was really good and productive “SO WHAT IS ACTUALLY THE GOAL?” symbol for time not clear wish for stricter rules wish for a plan to follow from beginning (to have an outlook and overview about what comes next, where it leads, how long it will take, ...) shorter facts (bigger letters) for better overview (if there is too much written on the cards you get dizzy or too lazy to read it all or confused)

our conclusion: •

• • •

include randomness (having decisions made for you at some point to simplify process or speed it up) shorten facts (bigger type size) and put more on the backside (smaller size of type) write down strict rules how to play need to be fresh and awake and healthy (otherwise it won´t lead anywhere)

ideas: • • •

new GOAL: get crazy and combine all force cards, thereby create the MASTERPIECE of all scenarios play game without a question or goal putting force cards in a timeline - creating a “liquid” scenario that shows the future history - easier to draw conclustions and see developments

• • • •

cards are hard to pick up when lying on the table level is hard to get for someone who sees it first time there should be a bond / a way to connect forces that fit together or connect with each other on a certain subject keep it open and flexible

our conclusion: •

need to clearly expain all items etc. before starting (otherwise too many questions, ideas of the participant)

ideas: • • • • •

reference cards: rules and items explained shortly, for everyone to have playing it without a topic but with forces predeveloped scenario worlds for quick use to put in the subject related forces and ideas preselect information and forces / special research and preparation for use in a workshop on a certain theme thicker material for cards

focus point

Week 09 March 2013

TESTING IV test candidates: Sylvia, Paul, Clemens

THE FUTURE OF HAVING A BEER WITH FRIENDS 45 minutes

more. A third group of people who cause the growing beer consumption are all the truck drivers who lost their jobs.

Professor Gerrit

Personas:

In-between some testing rounds we had a consultation with professor Gerrit Baptist to explain our project to receive some feedback.

•

strategy:

•

•

• •

•

•

starting with brainstoming about beer not being focused on the outcome but on crazy stories, wild conclusions and weird thinking. therefor the far future was chosen to be as free as possible. gogogo! having fun and creating out of nothing. taking a subject (having a beer) and a place (the nebenan-bar in Weimar) that is well-known to everyone.

•

the virtual alcoholic: doesn´t drink real alcohol, but downloads the feeling of being drunk the uploaded friend: a friend that has been uploaded to a dummy to sit next to and drink the online anonymous alcoholics the beer purist: drinks only real beer and has real experiences the lonesome faker: sits alone in front of his computer but posts that he has a good time partying with all his friends

scenarios: self-fulfilling prohibition: Everyone is obsessed with living a long and healthy life, so they wouldn´t drink alcohol ever again. At the same moment, one can create the feeling of being drunk with other methods than drinking. Besides, there are many other activities than sitting in a bar to smoke, drink, talk: People can be in holographic bars where they can do whatever they want: going to a beach, enjoying thrilling adventures with their friends, floating through space and time... virtual bar: People start drinking alone in company: They meet with their friends for a beer online, come together for parties on skype and press the beer-button on facebook. queer beer: As girls and gays drink beer, it´s no longer typical manly.

Manhood starts looking for a new drink, the marketing campaigns are speaking another language and in the Simpsons they feature one episode where Moe´s bar goes bankrupt because Homer and the others stopped drinking beer and the new customers don´t feel well at his place. bored to beer: The beer industry grows, because machines take over. People have to work less, what gives them more time to drink. Another reason is the increasing use of public transport facilities because of the oil crisis: People don´t need to drive, so they can easily drink

CONSULATION II

Gerrit´s opinion: • • • • • • • • • •

cards should be more neutral (not “oil crisis” but but “running out of oil”) Nils Volkmann: scanrio and future related free project (let´s ask him about what he did!) it´s about intuition and empathy what happens if you throw in simple words, like ”happiness”? avoid a focus on technical developments - include more social studies! is it problem solving or idea generating? how to structure complexity - talk about x-mind using the table might be kind of a ritual it could be an option to continue the project next semeste association to monolith from Kubrick´s “2001: A Space Odyssey”

Product ideas / new thoughts: • • • • • • •

online beer-abonnement the facebook beer-button: like your beer on facebook and get one! the virtual bar fake alcohol drinks: you don´t drink any alkohol but you feel like getting drunk displays on beer bottles to watch football matches friend- dummy to upload your friends (that also have a dummy and you have a conversation via skype) the holographic bar: be in the surrounding you choose or press the random-button to have a surprise adventure!

Our conclusion: •

• •

the quality of the outcome depends highly on the persons you play with - Paul, as an actor, had a lot of good ideas and no problem of thinking in scenarios! the outcome doesn´t depend on a serious subject, but on having a good time as a group if there is a flow, it can be created really fast

our conclusion: • • • • •

it is idea generating (because it focuses on the future - problem solving is more about the past) he spoke about a lot of things we thought as well (we might be on the right track :) telling about Nils´s probelms and focus in the project we realized that we have very much in common! we are not only working on a design tool but on a research tool the need to test and develop the tool (next steps)

ideas: • • • •

we should finally install a camera not in addition but as part of the process what about a curtain around the table? what about a light above the table? the part above on the table surface is to deal with complex structures and other humans, the part beneath it is to deal with the own complexety and person

our conclusion: •

the outcome of the project is to have all items ready to start the monkey-research (testing and analyzing and changing and optimize) - a basis to continue the work.

ideas: • • • • •

stencils with arrows and other shapes? smileys and emoticons! deconstruction: having a picture as a start of the session (question what it shows) - how would it look in some time? utopia start: how would you like to have your future? what could you do to get there? giving scenarios or contexts to start

57.

Tryout IV

THE FUTURE OF HAVING A BEER WITH FRIENDS

intermediate

REFLECTION Reflection

Reflection

FROM MIND-MAPS TO A TOOL

Interesting about our process is that we started to communicate via mindmaps from the beginning on.

They served as illustrations of our thoughts, as tools to make sure that the other one understood. When working together, communication is the main aspect that shapes the project. We experienced how hard it is to be on the same page, to listen to someone else, to follow a thought, to really understand and then work with that.

In this process another problem that occurred was language: Not because we didn´t work in our own language (it might even be positive to work in the more neutral English, as one can easily get stucked in old patterns of thinking when using the mother tongue), but because words are linked to meanings, and these meanings can be completely different.

How should one ever talk about exactly the same thing? We both had read a lot of things, partly the same, partly different material, had different backgrounds of knowledge and of course a different understanding of the sources.

The first scenarios were really vague.

We didn´t manage to fill them up with all the research we made and to connect different points in a way that they made sense. We were following different instructions on how to build scenarios (like: “How to build scenarios” by Lawrence Wilkinson / future mapping / …), but the outcome was mostly disappointing, either without message or a mess.

After few tryouts with those methods we decided to structure our research in a timeline to have a better overview.

Because of this, visualizations got even more important. We started to develop the whole Future Perspections table not with the plan to create a design tool for others or to give workshops, but to deal with several problems that we had ourselves: How can we put all our research together in an open, discussable, flexible way that still allows to have a structure, see connections, draw conclusions and communicate on this basis? And: How can we make sure to be on the same page, to not talk about something completely different or double our thoughts?

In the challenge to create scenarios we found that even if we would be able to fulfill all these tasks, there would still be the problem to make it explainable to other people. As said in the “future mapping” text, the future context you build might make sense to you but not to others. The more detailed you get in building up your future map, the less understandable it will be for outsiders.

A shame, because it would be so nice to use scenario building to discuss environmental forecasts, social planning, wicked problems and their rebound effects with others. This left us with the question how to guide this process and make it understand- and usable for others.

60.

A WORK SURFACE

People should be able to join the process and participate actively.

We started to take the research points off the timeline to connect them with each other to build future contexts.

Like this we aimed for our main goal: Getting the research together in a flexible, structured way to communicate about it. The results here were much better than before while using only the timeline, but it wasn´t flexible enough: Either we drew it on paper or wrote down the single future elements on post-its (which was leading to a fastfilling lost-post-its-box), to put them on the paper in a flexible way (which was not easy as well, as the connections we drew in were staying the same).

The next logical steps were simply to use some surface where we could write on and easily erase it again and having cards to not need to write down the future elements again and again.

In the next and final part of the project the materials that support the creation of future scenarios were developed.

We created both the basic material (future elements, emotion cards, items) and a frame (table, instructions) to build future contexts. Several design methods were used and combined, like mindmapping, moodboarding, historical analysis, card sorting, character profiles and so on - some of them we even used intuitively, without knowing they were an explicit design strategy.

In the end, the result is an interactive, flexible mindmap to build contextcollages in a fluent, free process.

a table - general thoughts: • a well known, familiar object, in use everyday, natural part of a room • no complicated electronics or programming, a completely analogue tool: it is tangible and understandable - no fear to use, reduction of complexity - easy to access!

• only certain amount of data possible (you can never know all, so why overstrain the human capacity) • experimental field: invitation to play, to express the abstract and explore the unconscious • doing something with your hands, feel the material • a tool for designers: easy to change a plan, to draw, to erase - to work with references / analogies / future context: A table can be used for all kinds of purposes, like coming together, dining, discussing, drinking or busy working basic, positive or serious occupations.

The top of the table will be a for the planning tool and the goal-related, serious work. Under the table there is space for calming down and let all the information sink or the opposite - discover new inspiration within freedom and fantasy! reminds of: • planning/future-related games:

Dungeons & Dragons chess

Settlers of Catan Séance Monopoly Poker Billard • to planning & discussion situations:

King Arthur´s round table

Alice in Wondland:

the tea party

war strategy planning (Napoleon!)

the UN round table

business meetings

family dinner

a bar • childhood: sitting under it, plaing with bricks, build own worlds with own rules • top of the table: planning tool, goal-related, serious, work • up-site-down-in-side-out: Just like the future can bring whatever you can and cannot imagine.

For example the shot glass turns into a flag, the table into a tent design: reliable stable timeless simple open clear easy modular changeable addable tool

Week 08 - 11 February 2013

61.

table

DESIGN

creating a suiting

first sketches concerning the overall concept of the table and basic shapes

DESIGN

In consideration of all the feedback from the testing, a prototype was built to be used in a final workshop.

To create clearness and calmity and keep the overview during the scenario building process, it was important to develop one specific style for the table as well the to items and cards.

On the other hand the design was meant to communicate openness and attract the participants with a certain playfulness. During a session there should be the possibility to modify and interpret the given structures.

We decided the table has to have the look of a free worktable. It has to appear strong and indestructable, like a playground. This way the team could use it the way they wanted to: Put some nails in the legs, spin a spider´s web of inspiration, maybe create a calm and relaxing zone with soft pillows to dream away a bit. Or maybe they will just hang a swing under there.

We wanted to create a double use to highlight the social aspect of the table. Coming together at a table like this is normally of social nature: to have drink, some food and a nice talk.

Therefor some items have a double function and can also be used to eat, drink and spend time together.

The use of different materials, which fit well the items and the shape. For example the future element cards are posed on small wooden bricks to literally build the scenario – the behaviour cards, a more personal item are put on a soft felt. The materials did however had to fit each other well.

Future Perspections will always be in progress: new elements will come in, old ones will be updated, teams will grow/ shrink, assignments will change. The table should be approachable for improvements and adjustments. Like this, also the table is a design in progress.

A stylish-clean-slightly-more-futuristiclooking-table design as we had also considered before would not appeal this kind of makeshift interaction.

Instead, the tool has to be big and massive, to give a strong impression - you feel important sitting there, designing the future. Besides that, it has to appear open, approachable & social - reachable from everywhere, you feel good and discuss freely.

62.

ideas for storage space

ideas for special features: a turning tabletop a table hung from the ceiling an inflatable table (easy to take with you)

The table was meant to not only be the space for serious work session, but also give the opportunity to experience a joyful, almost playful athmosphere that opens up one´s mind and gives another perspective on things. We were searching for a design to encourage that.

Another need was the possibility to easily install and transport the table. Ideas were for example to roll the tabletop, to fold it in half or even to take it with you outside.

Building mockups gave us a good base to communicate our ideas and test them with regards to construction and usability. Like this we concluded the dimensions of the table and the size of the storage space under it (which was neglected later due to construction issues).

testing the space of a second layer under the first table top layer.

Week 09-12 March 2013

examples for imitation with mockups and the final result

sketches and mockups with ideas for a space to hide, dream and rest under the table: the placement of a curtain & a lamp to create a cozy athmosphere

at some point, construction and design were going together as some problems became only visible the moment of building

63.

table

Week 10-12 March 2013

BUILDING PROCESS

final decisions: • • • • • • • •

64.

form: the table top is round legs: three legs make the table always stable diameter: 1500 mm - the table is meant for groups up to 8 people. height: 1100 mm - you can stand and sit at it (and under it) open under part: the possibility to sit or lie under it. Hang stuff there strong: it is a work table, you should be able to hang a swing under there. modular: take the table top off and go outside, work in the sun! moveable: since it is so big it has to be possible to take the legs apart as well, so it is transportable

items

Week 08-12 March 2013

DESIGN storage

As the table is the main object around which the workshop takes place, we decided first on the style of the table to make the items fitting well to the overall concept. They are all designed to be open for non-intended use, combineable and having double functions.

To underline the social aspect of the table, all the storage cups are made from porcelain, so one can also use them for having a coffee.

But they also serve various functions as workshop-items: One can attach the flags with the top piece, store or group objects inside of them or use them within scenario building.

flags

The flags are made from a metal pin in a wooden round top. This top can be used to close the storage cups after the session. During the session they function as flag holders.

They can also be attached to the storage cups with rubber bands.

items

The use of random materials and pictures have been providing us with nice visualisations. For now images out of magazines are used. Later on they might be replaced by pictures that we own ourselves due to right issues.

boards

Several steps work with blackboards to make notes on. During the previous session we discovered that people are a bit shocked by the huge surface of the table, they like to start small. After the use they serve as reminders and can be placed aside.

Double feature: usable as a platter, to cut some bread or serve drinks.

chart board

In the ‘professional world’, chart boards are used by very important decision makers. So, we of course use them, too. Everyone gets his own for personal notes. Before, we made notes on paper, but since you are writing with chalk all the time, it is less confusing to use the same pencil.

The clamp is helpful to place paper or the legend on the chart board.

arrows

The arrows are pointing to important elements within a scenario and structure ideas. Therefor they have a signal colour.

question sticks

The question sticks were not changing that much. The tape was replaced by rubber bands, to keep it in line with the other connections and to make it possible to replace the questions. Small notches keep the rubber bands in place.

markers

Use coloured chalk to mark groups or ideas, drawings and so on. Previously we used tape or even necklaces to mark fields, but this was too confusing on the table and we had problems placing the tape as well.

65.

items

DESIGN

ITEMS

FUTURE ELEMENTS

As the items are functioning together as a modular system, they all needed to be developed together. The future elements have to fit the building blocks as well as the envelopes to attach them at the wheel of fortune, which goes together with the stage.

The top elements of the storage items are parts of the flags and so on.

Changes concerning the design of the cards: • better readability of the time icon: by making a circle around the dot and exchanging the black and white.

• the number of levels: there is only the need for three levels instead of four.

• the level is now logical horizontally instead of vertical, exactly as one uses the blocs as well.

Coherence is created by the repeated use of the same materials - rubber bands, blackboards and so on - and a unified formal language - basic geometrical forms, slopes and so on.

Nevertheless it was one of our goals to not specify the items too much, because part of the design is the open, adaptive character of Future Perspections. Each session will bring along new ways how to use the items and new materials that will be integrated into the setting.

Changes concerning the cards on the blocs: • to use 1, 2 or 3 of them to symbolize the three levels, the blocs have all the same size to indicate clearly their use • the rubber band is placed on the

•

other side, the same way you put them in the little files. (this creates more space on the card) some of the blocs are painted with chalkboard paint so you can write on them and put your own facts on the table.

In some sessions the time is just used afterwards to analyse in what time the scenario might be situated, but not considered during the sctual buiding process. So the time is only indicated by the icon, not by extra information.

The new time icons:

2013 - 2015 + 2,5 years

2015 - 2020 + 5 years

2020 - 2030 + 10 years

2030 - 2050 + 20 years

somewhen in the future

try-outs of the envelopes for the future elements, the behaviour cards and the instructions / future elements on the blocs

WHEEL OF FORTUNE The “wheel of fortune”is the structure that enables to order and distribute the future element cards. As it is a spinning wheel, all participants can reach all the cards.

Also one doesn´t get stucked in one kind of subject.

Before the wheel was designed, there were several previous stades. First, there was the idea to keep the timeline to distribute the future elements and order them timewise. Then, we simply used boxes or had the cards loose on the table. This always created some distraction.

The wheel of fortune also leaves space to add cards made later on.

tryouts wheel of fortune

66.

Week 08-12 March 2013

FELT

BRICKS

Next to the future elements there are emotion and history cards which give information on general human habits and distribute statistics. To distinguish them from the other information, they are presented on pieves of felt in the shape of speech bubbles. This points out their character as underlining information to round up a scenario.

Bricks made from wood are displaying the future elemts. The active gesture of putting the selected cards on the bricks brings to mind the process of arrangement. Besides that, the number of bricks underlines the reliability of the future element they hold. One uses as many bricks as there are levels that make it a wildcard, a trend or a force. But still there is the possibility to add more or less bricks to interpret the cards and adapt them to the own needs and beliefs. -If one finds a future element more important than all the others, one can even present it on more than three bricks and the other way around.

The bricks support as well the playful character of the workshop and invite to build. They are the basic haptic elemt within the process and give the abstract forecasts and facts a real shape.

STAGE Up to this point the stage was always improvised using a diner plates or simply a note. But since it is such an important piece of Future Perspections, it was necessary to give it a shape.

To reach a deeper understanding of the optional scenarios, one needs to have a focus point. It might sound ‘boring’ to frame the scenario but often it is the opposite. Just spinning endlessly between topics; thoughts and ideas becomes exhausting after a while.

Therefor it is important to choose a good description for the stage and have it present all the time. Decisionmaking is hard but needed, since it will revile the true goal of the session.

The first sketches and ideas were to make it from porcelain, the same material and style as the storage cups.

We decided to look in other materials since with it´s shape and size it would have been time-consuming and risky to produce it from porcelain. A metal ring with a black painted wooden top is used in this final design. Because it is also black it doesn’t distract, as a same sized porcelain shape would have done. Still, the stage is an object clearly differentiated from the normal surface, since it is higher and slightly inclined because. The metal ring has a nice effect of mirroring the black surface. The metal is also used in the flags.

• • •

the team has to be able to write on the stage. (it also has to be erasable) covering and protecting the wheel of fortune the ceramic version was also meant as a bowl, to put some fruit in during the break. With this form we have to see if this still works.

67.

the future of writing

PROTOTYPE TESTING

the

FIRST WORKSHOP test candidates: Alina, Vincent, Paul, Jakob, Christian

THE FUTURE OF WRITING To test the latest state of this project we organised a workshop.

In all the try-outs before we were always joining the session as full committed members of the team. To test the tool and especially our instructions we invited a group that was not familiar with the Future Perspections. Up to this point, almost all of the test candidates were students out of the master program. Since we all work together in one studio, they all kind of knew about the tool and the concept behind it, which made it hard to test the instructions and have an impartial opinion.

The group We invited students from the design department. They are familiar with different design tools and what you can use them for. The group was quite diverse, none of the students came from the same semester. As far as we know, they had never worked together before or knew the others very well. Like this, all the group members found themselves in the same situation. (If some of them were already working together before, it could have been splitting the group.)

3 goals There were three main points for testing.

Testpoint 1 testing the instructions and logic of the tool. What happens if you give this new group only the instructions, will Future Perspections work?

Testpoint 2 the table. Will this round big table have the effect we imagined it to have? (see page 58) Testpoint 3 the new or re-designed objects. Do they work out?

• the file holder of all the Future Elements cards • coloured chalks • chart boards, everyone will get his/ her own to make private notes on • everyone will get his/her own legend exlaining the items.

• several small boards, two of them used for the session itself.

• the stage, where the group can write on the domain and some focus points • the Future Elements cards with the new (more logical) design

• •

the porcelain cups should create some laid-back feeling, where you have some coffee and cake while talking about the future and sharing thoughts.

To emphasize this atmosphere we aimed to create, there coffee, tea and some snacks are served during the session. The main break is a proper dinner.

The session We chose to use the session BACKTOTHEFUTURE. The idea behind this session is that the group uses a past – present analysing, to pull the theme into the future. One can find a more detailed description about this session in the instructions.

The process strategy For testing the logics and the instruction (Test point 1) we planned to hand out clear instructions and then see if this process could start within the group and how it would develop.

For the other tests, we always had to start the session ourselves; make the first moves or come up with the first ideas to make people comfortable and participating in the process.

Subject: It was the group that chose the topic – so the workshop became really ‘their’ thing. Instructions were not given all at the same moment, but step by step.

Items: With every new step, the item that would be used was described shortly. All the group members could as well check the legend for an overview.

Our own tasks during the session were guiding and observing.

We were there to explain the instructions and to make sure everyone was comfortable. The goal was to leave the group a bit free and try not to intervene immediately if the process was not going that well. This way we could find out if we designed a logical tool. To find out if the group could find their own way how to work with Future Perspections and a solution if they are struggling with a step.

scenarios: death of Scripture; copy-paste society; back to handwriting: from technic to intuition - the naming could more to the point

Vincent: I think, this rosé is the best of all colours.

If it was a bonbon I would take a huge bite!!

Alina: What a horrible colour!!

Lisa: Are you influenced by the colour when choosing a card?

Vincent: One could make a story out of that...- “In the end, China will take over, - ownership as a burden” Alina: “DNA discrimination” Vincent: “I´m a cyborg but that´s ok” Alina: “Nearly everyone suffers fom an attention deficit disorder” ..Well, that sounds even like a book. One is always so busy as a designer...

72.

Week 12 March 2013

use of the table and the boards I: After first problems to start writing on the plain surfaces (horror vacui) the possibility to write and draw was used properly, but still not in its entire dimensions. Sometimes the content of the cards was rewritten on the table instead of connecting it with an arrow as intended.

The boards were used more freely than the table surface itself.

The long board was used in different ways: First to sketch, then to extend the stage surface and to collect and structure the future cards.

use of the flags

Analysing the process This is a brief overview of the workshop, which took 6 hours 30 minutes in total.

16.00 The Session was planned to start at four. Unfortunately there was some delay with the preparations, so we officially started at five. Since there was cake and coffee this delay was not too bad. This way the group had some time to get to know each other and to start with the first task - finding a topic that they expected to have an interesting development in the future.

17.30 The topic ‘writing’ was chosen and put on the stage.

17.31 The group started analysing what is the meaning of writing today.

The group members were writing notes on their own chalkboards, but everyone seemed a bit insecure and confused on what to write on the boards for present and past. The past board was in the end used to sketch the phases od the development of writing. With the present board there was a very enthusiastic discussion about what is ‘writing’ nowadays, but nobody made an overview on the present board.

Here we took over and started writing down the themes that had been discussed before the group forgot about them. After that, they were writing on it as well, but they actually prefered us to make the notes. This part of the session was quite intense and productive, but also took a lot of time and energy.

18.10 After explaining the Future Elements, we asked every member of the group to take five cards and discuss the selection. In comparison with the other tests we did, they selected the cards quickly (20 minutes!).

18:40 (desperately) time for a break

the group-members, and put into the scenarios. But unfortunately it was getting quite late, some of the group members had to go home, so we did a quick analyse. The main conclusion was that we will do one more workshop, with some small adjustments on Future Perspections.

Result scenarios: 1 “death of scripture” 2 “copy-paste society” 3 “back to handwriting: from technic to intuition”

19:00 Back at the table, the scenario building started. The group discussed the cards and made small selections and fields, slowly a few scenario outlines started to develop.

product ideas / new thoughts:

20:00 During the session, we served some new snacks with wine.

•

21.00 Then we had the second break with dinner, just after dinner the group started to give us feedback on Future Perspections so far.

21.30 To highlight these scenario outlines (which where created before the break), we introduced the flags.

The group started discussing about the scenarios again, to remind each other what it was all about. In the end we wrote down the names on the flags and asked if they all agreed on the name for the scenarios. They did.

•

using robotic/other technical developments to help the increasing number of old people to get along (a robot arm writes for you) instead of revealing emotions through handwritten letters, human beings will develop a way to review these into the digitally written text. Or because they are always surrounded by digital communication tools and there will almost always be a digital product between commutation, they will start to express themselves according to ‘computer’ emotions.

personas: none.

22.30 The visualization items were enthusiastically received by

73.

workshop I

THE FEED!-BACK!

So, how was it?

74.

Vincent: Ihr müsst stärker moderieren. Man braucht ein klareres Ziel vor Augen. Das System an sich funktioniert. Mind Mapping ist aber auch nichts komplett Neues. Das mit den Anreizen ist gut, man braucht immer etwas, an was man sich entlang hangeln kann, nicht alles kann aus der eigenen Genialität geschöpft werden.

Alina: Ja, das mit den Karten finde ich eigentlich sehr gut.

Anniek: Wir haben sehr spät angefangen und viel zu lange über die Geschichte und darüber gesprochen, was das Schreiben eigentlich ist.

Vincent: Vielleicht ist das sogar ein falscher Ansatz: Es ist logisch, wissen zu wollen, wo man herkommt, bevor man woanders hingeht. Aber vielleicht stoppt das den Prozess. Wir haben eigentlich nicht den Schritt gemacht, zu überlegen: Was war - was ist - was wird sein, sondern haben alles vermischt.

Das müsste besser geleitet werden.

Anniek: Do you feel like wanting to know what all the items are about and what the actual goal is?

Vincent: When I first saw it, I read all of the questions on the sticks and all the time I was wondering when you would put them out to use...

Anniek: We never got there.

Maybe we should really say: OK; 15 minutes, just put out what comes to your mind and on we go..

Alina: So maybe you don´t even need to go step by step, but throwing in different things as they come.

Anniek: Didn´t you just say that you liked the step by step structure?

Alina: Yea, I meant that it´s good to be told to think about something and then you get all the items and you can be really free.

Vincent: Maybe you could even divide the table into future - present past. So you´re not forced to start in some time. They are all connected. What I´m a bit sad about is that we didn´t really use the table. We did use it, we wrote on it, but I´m sure there are a lot more possibilities - some of them we just discovered just 10 minutes ago.

Anniek: It´s never nice to give limts, but I guess one needs deadlines.

Christian: You need an instrucor who´s really sensitive to the group. One who gives them five more minutes if they need them. He can see if there is a special energy, a flow in the group.

Vincent: And if you are on time pressure, then let people also work on their own. One tends to drift away during group discussions. Maybe that´s what you can do for the past and present part.

Jakob: Maybe you can even play it the other way around: You come with an idea from the future and see if it makes sense in a context that you can build with the table.

Vincent: I don´t know if it´s necessary to put such a big focus on the possebility of the happenings on the cards. For me it was a bit confusing.

I thought I would have to stay more in reliable scenarios and not pick the more

unreliable. Without knowing, I chose more of the completely coloured cards.

But I guess if you want people to take a look into the future, you also want them to get crazy and not to think too realistic.

Christian: I wasn´t fixed on the levels. My problem was more to fix the ideas, to really write them down.

Vincent: Yes, that should be part of the moderator: To listen and to extract what is worth talking about, to write down the most important and to focus on that.

Christian: Or when we talked about this energy example, with this extreme situation, where you have to be creative: what would be if... There I got stucked. I wished to have some more parameters, something to hold on. That is my question for you: How to develop this guiding frame?

Vincent: I think we have all the components here in front of us: All the points we developed ourselves during the process: tradition, ordnung, ... but now on the table it looks somehow confusing, so maybe you make another round where you just pick up the things from the table to discuss them separately.

Christian: I think these connections are really nice to show the interrelations inbetween the single subjects, I like the arrows.

Anniek: OH, we have more, we have emotions, history cards, questions, personas... far from finished! But do you really think it should be monitored from some specialist or out of the process?

All: Always! Yes. Please. Yeah.

Paul: To me, it looms a bit like a game or activity with a speacial purpose.

Something to buy and then to insert into your design process. So maybe you have to learn it first and then play it.

Anniek: It´s something that you develop together with a group.

We might use some item in a different way than you see it, but we want to let groups interpret what they find. And suddenly five big blocks might mean that there is this big border. Maybe there is a bit too much flexibility.

Christian: What I really like is this realistic - unrealistic marker. Maybe that doesn´t need to be of interest while you play, but afterwards you can turn the cards around and see, how realistic - or unrealistic - it is. Maybe more as an indcator than an advisor when playing it. A help to analyse afterwards. I would put those markers on the others side where they don´t influence the players.

Lisa: How would you act as moderators? Why we have problems being moderators is that we´re too deep in the process. We know too much. To everything you said I could come up with some fact or lead the discussion to some direction. There is this fear of repeating the same over and over again if we´re constantly part of it.

Vincent: Just listen to the people, catch the keywords and write them down.

Lisa: When I did that I felt like you were not really interacting. Did I take something away from you?

Week 12 March 2013

Alina: I think you really need one person that has the overview.

Paul: In the design process we have several problems: We´re not trained to listen to others, but only to express ourselves. So to have someone who only concentrates on listening is useful. Maybe the roles also change all the time - first one person is the listener, then another.

Anniek: Like a speaking stick from the indians.

Vincent: But then one has to think about the phases. If the group is in speaking mood, then they should speak.

Alina: Dadurch entsteht ja gerade die tolle Athmosphäre, die guten Gespräche. Das wäre viel zu sehr wie eine Sitzung der anonymen Alkoholiker.

Vincent: Vielleicht muss man den Redefluss nur begrenzen. Und Selbstdarstellung hin oder her, nach 1,5 Stunden braucht man auch einfach mal eine Pause. We should have started ealier with taking breaks.

Jakob: Aber ich fände es dennoch gut, Dinge geordnet nacheinander durchzugehen, abzustimmen.

Dass man nicht alles auf einmal auf den Tisch bekommt und sich in der Komplexheit verliert. Momentan habt ihr nur alles rausgeschmissen, alle das machen lassen, was sie wollten.

Aber man muss vielleicht ein gemeinsames Ziel finden, Klarheit.

Vincent: Die Höhe der Blöcke muss auch noch eine viel größere Bedeutung gewinnen, als sie jetzt hat. Denn eigentlich st das eine sehr schöne Methode. Man kann variabel ganz schnell etwas wichtig oder gar nicht wichtig machen.

Anniek: Ja, mann könnte damit anfangen, die Steine zu diekutieren und die Höhe festzulegen.

Lisa: Das passt auch gut zum Abstimmen. Die Anzahl der Steine wird bestimmt von der Anzahl der Stimmen.

Christian: Aber vor dem Abstimmen ist es wichtig, den Argumentationsaustausch anzuregen. Vielleicht finde ich etwas ganz unwichtig, aber du hast so gute Argumente dafür, dass ich es dann anders einschätzen. Da kann man sich viel von der konventionellen Sitzungskultur abschauen: An der Uni darf zum Beispiel jede Fakultät vor Abstimmungen noch einen Redebeitrag liefern. Dafür hat man auch die Tafeln, um sich alles, was man vielleicht noch sagen möchte, erst einmal zu notieren. Zur Not macht man eben zwei Durchgänge, alle sagen was sie denken und dann ist es gut.

Anniek: Vielleicht erzählst du mir etwas über deine Gedanken und ich schreibe und andersherum.

Vincent: Wenn wir nicht als Freunde hier wären, wären wir sicher schon ein paar Stunden weg.

Christian: Wenn wir “Externe” wären, bräuchte es unbedingt den Moderator, um die Leute nicht erst an etwas heranführen zu müssen, sondern gleich mit ihnen zu arbeiten.

Erst wenn ich ein Büro habe, wo Leute das Tool erlernen können, wie ein

Computerprogramm, dann sollte man über mehr Regeln nachdenken.

Jakob: Oder ihr überlegt euch vordurchdachte Szenarios...

Oder wie bei einem normalen Kartenspiel eine Erklärrunde spielen.

Vincent: Ich denke, das ist bis zu einem gewissen Grad richtig.

Aber bei einem Kartenspiel gibt es im Gegensatz zu diesem Richtig und Falsch. Hier geht es darum, in einem offenen, sich ständig verändernden System zu bewegen. Wie haben über Atomkrieg geredet, über Religion...

Jakob: Es geht eben nicht nur um das Spiel, sondern auch darum, die darin befindlichen Werkzeuge zu kennen. Wie wenn du in die Werkstatt gehst, dass du einfach weißt, was du mit den Werkzegen alles bauen kannst, welche Möglichkeiten du hast.

Anniek: Ist das überhaupt interessant?

Vincent: Ja, sehr! Aber es kommt vermutlich auch darauf an, welche Leute hier zusammen kommen.

Das war heute Abend zum Beispiel eine gute Mischung. Vielleicht ist der Rahmen, in dem wir hier zusammen gekommen sind, gar nicht der richtige.

Im Endeffekt ist es eine Mindmap. Aber sie unterscheidet sich von normalen Mindmaps, indem man Dinge verschieben kann und es liegt da, bis es jemand anders verschiebt. Das ist besser für eine Firma geeignet, wo die Leute nicht die ganze Zeit am selben Tisch sitzen, aber an demselben Projekt arbeiten. Sodass sie hingehen, etwas verändern können und der nächste diese Veränderung dann sieht. Das fand ich bei euch immer sehr schön: Immer wenn ich hinein gekommen bin hatte sich etwas verändert. In dem Rahmen, in dem ihr es entwickelt habt, solltet ihr es auch benutzen.

Christian: Was du meinst sehe ich eher als die “Post-SpielPhase”. Entweder man geht davon aus, man hat Externe zu Gast, die das Gelage so verlassen wie es ist und ihr spielt als Nutzer dann damit weiter oder in einem regulären Büro trifft man sich am Anfang und Ende eines Projektes zu diesem Planspiel, wo danach das angesprochene Rumund Nachschieben noch stattfindet.

Das Hauptproblem war, klar auf den Punkt zu kommen. Liegt das an den Werkzeugen oder an unserer Art, uns zu strukturieren? Brettchen wären auch denkbar, um die einzelnen Szenarien einfach verschieben zu können.

Vincent: Unser Problem ist gerade auch, dass dies kein reiner Arbeitstisch ist. Wir haben hier Gläser, Essen, ungenutzte Dinge.

Das muss besser getrennt werden.

Christian: Eine zweite Ebene zum Abstellen wäre sehr gut. Vielleicht so Getränkehalter wie am Kickertisch.

Das würde dem Ganzen auch Witz geben. Oben ernst und unten lustig.

Alina: Ich würde auch die Bühne direkt in der Mitte lassen und darum sternförmig alles aufbauen. Und es vielleicht drehbar lagern oder wie in so einem chinesischen Restaurant.

Damit die Leute sich nicht auf einen Punkt konzentrieren und wissen, dass es bald weiter geht.. Perspektivenwechsel!

Jakob: Ein Beistellwagen wäre auch gut, um die Bausteine und alles unterzubringen.

Christian: Ich glaube, bei all diesen Objekten muss man sehr darauf achten, dass nicht alle Aufmerksamkeit auf den Produkten landet uns zu viel damit gespielt wird.

Alina: Aber letzten Endes seid ihr doch Produktdesigner. Also geht es auch in erster Linie um die Gestaltung, oder? Spielkästen wären auch gut, fünf Teilnehmer, fünf Kästen, die am Tisch hängen. Worum geht es denn am Ende? Um das Produkt?

Lisa: Es gab verschiedene Phasen. Wir haben das Spiel entwickelt mit all dem Inhalt, dann das Produkt dazu um den Content zu benutzen und nun geht es in die Phase über, wo wir alles zusammen testen, analysieren und verbessern, um, im lezten Schritt, tatsächlich Designansätze aus dem ganzen zu ziehen und es als Workshop weiterzuentwickeln - falls es das kann..

Alina: Ich denke, das kann es auf jeden Fall. Definitiv. Du brauchst eben nur eine gute Anleitung und einen Leitfaden. Ich finde es nicht so hilfreich, wenn hier alle so gebündelt steht.

Veilleicht wäre so eine Reihenanordnung - wie es in Spielen eben oft auch ist - logischer. Du fängst damit an, dann kommt das und dann das - dass man die Reihenfolge im Spiel schon erkennt.

Christian: Wenn du nun sagst, du kannst nicht anleiten, dann kannst du doch aber herausfinden, was von einem Anleiter verlangt wird und versuchen, dies in Produkte zu überführen.

Lisa: Wenn man alles dann erst einmal hat, geht man dann auch ganz anders mit dem Tool um und kann die Rolle als Moderator viel besser und sicherer spielen.

Christian: Ja, die Objekte können ja auch dazu dienen, dir als Instructor zu helfen.

WISST IHR SCHON; WANN IHR INS GASWERK GEHT? WER KANN WEN AUF DEM FAHRRAD MITNEHMEN? UND GIBT ES NOCH EIN LETZTES SCHLÜCKCHEN WEIN? drifting into the private sphere.

There is a video with an overview about the session with the inclosures on the DVD.

75.

workshop I

THE CONCLUSION conclusion Testing the instructions and

• •

the logic (testpoint 1) • • • •

all items need to be introduced before playing write down strict rules how to play too much flexibility: meaning of the items is developed differently with every group Speed it up by making a clear time plan, be clear which step takes how much time.

The session BACK TO THE FUTURE: • By focusing too long on past and present in the beginning, the ideas and perspectives that the group used to pull the subject into the future can be too close to what we´re used to. It was not like this with this group, but it could have been a risk. There should be a timeframe for the start. There should also be a time limit because it could take forever, certainly with such an old and huge theme. The look into past and present are to start posing questions and see our reality in another way. Thereby one is focusing on details, which are examples for the overall subject.

Still, the group should work most of the time in a future perspective.

• The long board (history) was used in different ways: First to sketch, then to extend the stage surface and to collect and structure the future cards.

• Maybe one could include random elements which can make the session a more surprising.

• It could also be possible to make decisions for the group to simplify the process or speed it up.

•

•

Instructing a group, giving a workshop With a new group, an introduction needs to be given, maybe related to the theme or to share each other’s expectations on what the future could bring.

In a workshop it is quite important to start on the same level, everyone should know each.

• •

• •

Analysing the use of items (test point 3) •

•

•

•

• • • •

•

76.

We should have been stricter on demanding a topic for the stage.

We should have been thinking about a time and a locationbefore starting the session. By making the stage (the domain of the whole session) stronger, the session would probably have been clearer.

The group found it ‘scary’ to make the first drawing or note on the table. After first problems to start writing on the plain surfaces (horror vacui) the possibility to write and draw was used properly, but not in its entire dimensions.

Introduce the group to all the items that will be used in the session. Then you also have to let them in charge of deciding when to use which item.

The file holder of all the Future Element cards worked. Everyone could take files and share them easily, but no one really used the spinning function.

The coloured chalk was not used. everyone got his/her own chartboard to make notes on for them selves. They used them easily. everyone will got his/her own Legends with the items explained.

Was used during our explanation and sometimes in between, but they quickly disappeared on the table between the boards.

Several small boards, two of them used because that was the task, the group did not thought of using a other board to make

the table bigger for example.

The stage was well used.

The Future Element cards were well understood, thanks to the new layout. But sometimes the content of the cards was rewritten on the table instead of connecting it with an arrow as intended.

There where not enough porcelain cups to mix drinking cups with the storage-cups. There need to be more of them. Originally the melange should create some laid-back feeling, where you have some coffee and cake while talking about the future and sharing thoughts.

The snacks and drinks were very appreciated, but also confusing, the table got to messy and there was no overview. We wanted to let the table be theirs, so we only cleaned up a little bit, without moving too much.

•

•

Be prepared before the group is there!

Agree who is in charge if you do the workshop together, during the session we were constantly doubting who was going to say what. better planning before playing We decided to give the instructions step by step. If one part was finished we went further to the next one. We expected that it would be confusing when you give the instructions all at the same time, since they were not written down jet. Otherwise this might have been ok, because the group could easily look it up again.

The selections of the Future Elements went really quick; normally people really think a lot about the ones they chose if they are currently working on that topic. The group said that it was important to feel really connected to the topic to really go for it and take it seriously. need to be fresh and awake and healthy (otherwise it won´t lead anywhere)

their conclusion: • •

system in general is working has the potential to develop into a workshop

in general: • positive: having the items, cards and boards to not get completely lost in the complex process • good: having a structure to work in • cards were good • arrows were good • moderation: needed! There was no one in charge for writing everything down. writing down and discussing at the same time is quite difficult.

• moderation: listen, extract the most important thought, write them down and make sure the group doesn´t get lost • needs to be really sensitive to the needs of the group and the flow of the process

• •

at least one person should have an overview the role of the moderator can change: first one person listens and writes, then another - no speaking stick!

cards: • postitive! levels: • is there the need to focus so much on the reliability? might be distracting and keeping people away from creating openminded, crazy scenarios • maybe: show the levels only on the backside as a way to analyze realiability of a scenario after creating it? table • wish to use it more and explore all the possibilities • maybe divide it into pastpresent-future sections?

• easy to loose overview: maybe picking items separately and discussing them somewhere • turning (like in chinese restaurant) for more perspectives and change

- have stage in the

middle to build it up from there

- space: more!

• not so much rubbish (only items that are really needed in the moment) • space needed to put stuff

- second level of the table

- something like

beverage holders

- side cart

- boxes (for each player) • to hang at the table

structure: • needs to be more clear!

time: better management!

• maybe giving every step a deadline • let people also work on their own • take enough breaks!

game: • play with pre-made scenarios • the other way around: having an idea/a product and see how it would fit into different future contexts • horror vacui/summarize thoughts: problems with writing down ideas • how to develop a better guiding frame?

use: • looks like something to buy as a tool to use in a design process (learn it first, them use it) • for an office where people work together on the same project but not at the same table/at the same moment - one person can arrange something, another sees that and changes and so on ... items: • should also be there to support the instructor • explain all items in the beginning (know your tools to know what you can build) • don´t loose focus on the game within all the items • don´t have them all mixed up on the table but in a row, ordered after the structure of the game • height of the blocks deserves more meaning and attention • could also be used in a voting

• • •

process (one voice, one brick) - voting: more! find a goal and clarity together before voting: having time for everyone to give short arguments pro/con mixture of people and atmosphere is basic element

boards: • also for single scenarios to move them around easily

ideas and needs: • • • • •

write a script before playing write a protocoll while playing? produce a theatre-play-like athmosphere: guide people through the game with scenes (stage-manage) horror vacui: make something to overcome the fear of writing on a plain surface guide the participants safely through the play

Week 12 March 2013

examples for intended non-intended use: the items and the table were designed to be used in many very personal, free ways (interpretation)

77.

process

week 13 March, 2013

ANALYSE have a good feeling about something.

Because sometimes you´re really wrong.

This `confusion part ´ was also partly because of the topic. Which was for both of us new and there were so many possibilities in there that it was really hard to choose a direction in such a small time.

1+1 = 1+1 Then we came to a point where it became clearer. We knew each other well and there were also no borders anymore of telling each other honestly what you were thinking.This also led to quite strong discussions on what we wanted with the project. Here we sometimes drifted apart in my eyes.

Analyse workprocess Anniek:

In general In one of the first meetings with professor Wolfgang and Kristian, when talking about working together, we were told to keep in mind: One plus one is two plus, not just two.

Sounded perfectly logical but during the process it did not feel always like that.

1+1= <0> To use this example I think we started at being 1+1= -2 till 2+ (December and January) Then it became vague for a while, we knew we had the same idea on what was interesting but we did not knew each other that well. We both had interesting ideas in the research phase, but since the project theme was so broad, we had to keep each other informed and focused. There were discussions about it, but you really need to know each other well to really ‘get’ what the other one is saying, since not everything is possible to put in words.

This was a really enthusiastic period with a +2, when we were sure and positive about the things, we had a lot of the same thoughts and thereby a nice idea generating the main goal.

But it was not always like that. For example when we did not agree on the others idea it was more -2. Not that a disagreement is wrong, rather the contrary. In these disagreements you can profit almost the best from working together instead of working alone. Apparently there is something missing or not making sense, together you could find it and make it better.

But in this phase we did not do that so well. We were avoiding decisionmaking after discussions, which caused that we were not always on the same page or focused on the same goal. This was, I think for both of us, confusing and frustrating.

This teaches you how to communicate and express your thoughts clearer, also when you’re not familiar with the other. I know I can be pretty direct, and thereby maybe scare the other one a bit, for not explaining their own thoughts that well. On the other hand, I noticed that when I thought the other one (so I mean Lisa) did not like the ideas I came up with, (without putting this in words) I started to doubt them too. This teaches me to really ask if I

78.

1+1=2++ In the end with the clear design goals and the testing we really became a team.

Of course there were days where we did not communicate that well or postponed design decisions. But we worked really productively together and kept each other focused on the shared goal.

Personal

For me, if I work alone on projects, I always work on myself as a designer too, my vision on overall design is shaped during practise. If you work together you will first have to find a way to communicate with each other to find out each other’s thoughts and methods. From there on you will have to discover a shared vision and an approach of the project together.

For me working together as designers is one of the most logical thing there is. As a designer you will never work alone anyway, it does not really matter if it is another designer (of course that will lead to more discussion), but you have to challenge yourself in being able to share your opinions and ideas, to be open-minded and critical towards your own thoughts.

Well, if you work together as two designers for me you really become a design team with one shared vision and a goal. Of course you have different backgrounds, interests and so on, but this will lead to discuss and develop this vision together.

For me if I work on a project together I need to have this ‘team spirit feeling’ to feel free in generating ideas, giving and receiving critic, having strong discussions and make decisions.

These processes like brainstorming and discussing can lead towards well-considered design. Here you really have the possibility to benefit of working together.

If you do not have this teamgoalsspirit focus sphere, the generation of ideas is not so productive and these discussions can lead to demotivation instead of making a step forward.

I did not always felt like this, which made me doubt the project and the outcome.

Thereby I tried to discuss all points and thoughts very openly, this might sound a bit inefficiently but I think it is really important to feel both connected towards the project to be able to feel free and to work nice. As soon as this trust feeling is there, you can easily work quicker because you know you can rely on each other, since you both have the same focus. I am aware of the fact that this is not possible with every designer, it takes a lot of time and it is always in progress.

Well, therefor for I automatically speak in terms of our project, the documentation

and so on, instead of mine mine mine…

In know from myself that I can doubt the design a lot, because of these doubts I postpone decision making, and keep on testing, trying and redesigning. This might sound negative but I know it is sometimes also positive and leads to perfect smart results. I can work also spontaneously and intuitive, in most of these cases I don’t have the idea in my head or I just know I have to try things first to see the options. But as soon as it is in my head and I find it important I can be quite perfectionistic on it. I can also loose myself in details, which if you look back at it, did not really matter at all.

Sometimes during this project I could feel myself pretty rushed. Imagining working with someone like me can make you act sometimes the opposite and just start doing stuff. But I really want to have a reason for doing something. And then I can work hard and put a lot of time in it.

Feelings of guilt if not working or putting limits on working and locations..

I tend to think for someone else, this is in most cases negative and leads to unnessary doubting. But I really think that this had been worse before.

Frustration: but that is normal - you won’t be able to do exactly what you will have in mind, how you would do it as a designer but for me that is really logical.

Since you do not work as one designer, you work together as one team. And they have both their own vision. So that can be frustrating sometimes.

Be aware of your own thoughts and open-minded to have discussions and make the team better (in your eyes).

Lisa:

can be nothing better than constant reflection: Being forced to give reasons for every step, to argument every decision brings your design to the point.

No randomness. No “because I like it” but: “I like it because”. At the same moment this constant iterative process takes so... long. And even longer.

We´ve been way too slow sometimes.

We should have started way earlier on taking risks, making decisions, trying things instead of discussing them over and over again and again...

It´s exhausting. Also because you can´t really come down. At some point there was no time apart of all this, not even for other projects or just a free weekend. We should have more free weekends. Or even just days.

•

•

•

•

YOU, ME, US on group work

It is amazing to look back now and see how we made it, how everything came together, which difficulties we had to deal with and that we finally managed it.

For me, the beginning was really shy, careful, both of us were not so sure how far one could go, how to communicate. As we were not only doing all the uni-stuff together but also spending a lot of our free time together, we came to know each other quite fast (which, for me, was really a good experience, as I tend to keep distance or just run out after some time).

•

With the growing bond we started to be more honest and free in telling each other what we thought, what was good for the process, but sometimes hard for the relationship in-between us.

It was sometimes really like being a couple, there was an “us” instead of an “I”, what gave a lot of safety but at the same moment pressure and the feeling of being stucked in something (at least for me). But when not seeing Anniek I was really missing her.

•

Being that close I also faced my character in a new way. I really appreciate honesty and I learned a lot about myself. If you´re always forced to reflect on everything, you can get really frustrated about yourself, sometimes even doubting your whole being.

On the other hand: It is human. And as reflecting always contains the process of learning, I learned a lot: About design, about human relations, about Anniek and about myself.

And I guess for a design process there

•

•

• •

We both reflect sometimes too much / have too many doubts: we should try to balance that and push each other instead of putting each other down. It feels really good not to be alone in this.

The only really efficient work is before deadlines (yes, that is normal, but in this project it got extreme as we needed to be forced to stop wanting all and start doing the possible). We shouldn´t bother too long: stop thinking everything through, start acting and then analyzing and then thinking again (much more outcome) – more try-outs!

Communication: it´s amazing how we can miss the point of the other one. Listening as one of the most difficult things. But If we´re on the same page nothing can stop us!

We both tend to want too much and have way too many plans then having difficulties deciding then being confused then stopping to do something and then starting to do it all at the same moment what is never working out - until there is so much pressure to get something done that we start to skip stuff, then it gets better.

Letting go: one likes an idea, the other one not... letting go on things or accepting the wishes of the other one is really hard (but necessary).

Everything takes way too long, as most of the time costs the structurizing the process and communication (do we need a secretary?)

Let´s enjoy the good moment much more, otherwise we’ll miss out on energy.

Rely on each other (not double check things!) more clear borders (free-time, time alone?) intense process!

Very very good: always someone to talk to (seldom getting stucked and if so: talk about being stucked)

future perspections

week 13 March, 2013

IN PROGRESS random

THOUGHTS

...

We developed everything the way it fits our logic, to help us. Now we take the step to confront our corner of the world with the view and understanding of others: How will they interact? What do we have to improve to make it understandable and thereby useable for all?

-...

Anniek: ! “We love to get lost in details.

Things that noone will ever even notice and thereby not appreciate.” ...

This is not a final design. ...

“Auch in der Werkstatt, als du ewig über diese Verbindungen nachgedacht hast, das ist doch nur ein Modell! Das muss man doch erst ausprobieren, es entwickelt sich doch noch!” ...

Products should invite the user to play, the wish to use the tool, but not be too strong so the actual meaning of the game gets lost. Der schmale Grad...

Result

The next steps

In general we are satisfied with the result of this project. Allthough we are actually still in the test phase, we both have a good feeling on how the tool functions and see potential in developing Future Perspections. The last weeks of the project we really focused on designing, testing and building the prototype. But working and creating scenarios appeals as well.

We are ending this project within a testing phase. The final test was the workshop. During this workshop we received a lot of nice feedback and we were able to analyse the session well. Both of us want to proceed in developing Future Perspections.

There are some points on reflecting the design of Future Perspections.

We are glad that we decided to built a more rough working table. This is a perfect prototype to find out what the possibilities are of the table itself as well as item of Future Perspections.

We knew the testing would be a hard task for us, both of us find it difficult to explain something clearly.

Even while knowing this, we overestimated ourselves, testing and especially the preparations, the analysing and the proceeding of the feedback took quite some time.

This is how we see that happen: Since our output is a design tool, one should design to develop it. We will start using it. We will keep on testing. We discovered it is perfect to have some distance from the session to analyse it. Since we are not just designing Future Perspections for ourselves, we want to keep on testing the tool with other people.

On the other hand, we are not sure if it is realistic to attend all these testing workshops ourselves, since this will not be our main project anymore.

How will we test with other people?

Maybe clear instructions with a good questionnaire and a video report is enough; finding a group of students with a fitting semester project and convince them to use it, too; make a Chinese whisper game out of it. We will join one group to show them how it works, then this group invites another group, to show how the game works, and that is how you could use it; maybe build a future design atelier!

How will we use it ourselves?

In the new semester we will join a course called “Feeling the future” to analyse our project and to gain more knowledge about designing with future scenarios.

The new semester projects come with specific assignment. This way we could test the tool with a standard assignment.

Specific tasks There are still some other specific points to work on: • analyse the workshop again to filter all points • replace the magazine pictures with pictures we own ourselves • make the table stable • check the description and the instructions of the tool • make the necessary changes in the session BACK TO THE FUTURE • try out the other ideas on how and if these sessions work.

Then write down the instructions and test these again.

• make an instruction video

79.

ExplenationVideo the future of food Session

THE FUTURE OF EXPLANATION VIDEO FOOD

the explanation

VIDEO

After taking some distance from the project, the table was used for two more sessions. The first one for just the two of us, which provided not only material for an explanation video, it also enabled us to review the steps of the process again. The other session was another testing with other design students in the form of a workshop.

Deciding on a video From the beginning on, we had troubles explaining the process of creating a scenario - partly, because it was frequently changed after testing, but most of all, because there was quite some material and steps to explain. People got lost during the explanations, and sometimes even we ourselves. Therefor we decided to make an explanation video that directly shows all the steps of the table.

This overview goes briefly through all the phases of a session that we did ourselves. The actual recordings of the session are used for the explanation video, which can be found in the enclosures.

The session

Changes

domain:

Changes after this session for the upcoming workshop:

Food, Europe, 2030, single people

•

scenarios: • • •

Land of x-y-honey and CO2 milk Salad society The hunters

extra outcome: concepts like: • the shared kitchen • the virtual bar • Google maps food tracking (for the food nomads under us) • hormone cupcakes • recycling within our own food chain • dinosaur steak (after cloning & growing lab-meat) • takeout only

84.

•

•

•

While testing Future Perspections ourselves again we noticed that step 5 and 6 naturally go together.

In order to shorten things up, we decided to combine them.

To avoid an overkill with information and items, we introduce the materials step by step and only where it seems necessarily or useful.

To explain the workshop well, the video will be used as an introduction to give an overview of all steps and work as an example.

Instead of letting the group members read the explanations, we explain and moderate each step clearly during the workshop.

Week 29 - 30 July 2013

details from the video session

stills from each step of the explanation video

The video The explanation video goes through all the 10 steps of the process, neutrally, shortly and precisely. A voiceover is giving an explanation according to what happens on the table. There is a general perspective which is giving an overview and an example of how a session might look like. Next to that there are as well detail shots that underline certain aspects. All steps are indicated by a number written on the table and a certain title that can also be found in the explanation book.

1 preparation 2 domain 3 deconstruction 4 wheel of fortune 5 future elements 6 construction 7 scenarios 8 flags 9 discover 10 the future

85.

Workshop the role of objects within social interaction in Europe 2030

THE FUTURE WORKSHOP IIOF OBJECTS WITHIN SOCIAL INTERACTION

the

SECOND WORKSHOP domain: the role of objects within social interaction, 2030, Europe

scenarios: • • • •

Mind or body?

The real thing Being conservative?

(Anton’s Dystopia) We and ours

•

•

thing”: everyone is over-conscious, afraid to be judged by other on what they buy and use in case its not the greenest of the eco-est.

Ownership is a huge responsibility.

The worm theory: the human becomes a micro-organism again that can do whatever it wants with probably one simple cell. global communication: Communication via some sort of telepathy, without any objects or services in between, just by thinking about it.

scenario flags

extra outcome: visualisations of objects or humans within these scenarios like: • The superhuman (the complete) • Which things do matter - for example shopping in “the real

notes that were taken during the session - on paper and on the boards

illustration of the scenarios, partly abstract, partly as real design sketches or as pictures from storyboards

88.

Consultation with Christopher Before organising a second workshop, the experiences from the first one and the tool itself were discussed with Christopher Doering, a PHD student at the faculty Design.

Christopher is quite familiar with workshop, especially in the field of design thinking and scenario creation.

Week 29 - 30 July 2013

workshop

PREPARATIONS

One of the results of the first workshop was the insight that there is the need for a moderator who guides the group through all the steps. Especially if all the participants are unfamiliar with the tool. But even in case the group is familiar with the process, a moderator can keep track on the time, the steps and keep the group focused.

The tool does not necessariliy need to be used in a workshop.

It can also be used by the same team over some time. Though, it is important to test the functionality with a group of people that is unfamiliar with it to show us if the material and the steps make sense and if they lead to an outcome of scenarios and ideas. To do so, a workshop is an efficient method.

Christopher explains that the organisation of workshops is quite a field on its own and not as easy as it seems. There are all kinds of studies and methods about organisational issues - how to make people join; involve; stay motivated; share their thoughts; cooperate with each other and so on.

For us, the tool and the scenarios are the outcome of the project and it wasn´t our intention to develop a professional workshop in the beginning. It became however our goal to make Future Perspections functional as workshop material.

The results of the first workshop were not fully convincing.

In order to review if the table functions as basis for a workshop, the ultimate solution would be to ask a professional to give a workshop with the tool. Still, the results of the first workshop and the self-testing.session gave already input to optimise the material and reconsider the steps.

By throwing another workshop ourselves with the adapted material, we would be able to see if the improvements work and what more could be done. With the advice of Christophe, the analyse of the first workshop and re-constitution of the process while making the explanation video, we had a lot of new things to consider for the next workshop. Reviewing or throwing the complete workshop together with a professional could be the next step in a later stadium, when the tool is completely optimised within our own capacities.

Re-organisation team Irene: student of the Master program Product Design - interested because of her Master Thesis Sylvia: student of the Master program Product Design – curious for our project and enjoys participating in workshops!

Anton: student of the Bachelor program Product Design – interested in designing with future scenarios Daniel: student of the Bachelor program Product Design – interested in designing with future scenarios moderator roles There are two different roles that focus either on an organisational or on a communicative aspect. The moderator role that watches the time, gives deadlines, calls out next steps and explains them is taken by Anniek. She tries to only ask open questions and give short summaries of the process to provide the team with an overview.

Lisa is in the role of a teammate to subly motivate the group, ask questions but also search for answers by keeping the discussions vivid. goals 1. Finding out if Future Perspections is supporting the creative process and if providing structure by monitoring the process helps it to be understood and used. Does it work to divide the monitoring in two roles, are a time schedule, an explanation video and clear explanations with every step (and so on) leading to a smoother process?

2. Is the visualisation material (eg. arrows, pictures) supporting the process, should it be placed on the table only when needed or when explained? (in the first workshop the material was not clear for every participant) 3. Is the tool better understood when you start with providing an overview by an explanation video, followed by detailed explanations with every next step?

Indirect goal: Gather some input and ideas that might be interesting for Irene’s project.

improvements to the workshop

preparational task

The experiences and analyses of the first workshop gave input for the second one. A few things were changed or became focus points.

• division of monitoring by two roles during the workshop • start in the morning instead of the evening • choose one topic beforehand that has a strong connection with one of the participant´s projects • a clear goal with one stakeholder (which isn’t one of us) • time schedule and breaks • preparation assignment for the participations, so that they will start thinking about the theme a little bit beforehand • keep it short, strict time plan, to save extra time we decided to take step 5 & 6 together.

The second workshop is completely documented on tape, to analyse the workshop afterwards. The workshop is also analysed directly after it, with all the participations together.

task for the participants: Take two objects and bring them.

1) Bring the object that you had in your hands just before you were reading this email and shortly describe the interaction you had with it.

2) Think about an object which you normally have in your hands while having a conversation. Which object did create some sort of social interaction?

3) Bring some other object that causes social interaction. (don´t take too much time, just bring what you find, intuitively)

time schedule: 1 • •

START - 30 min introduction: hello! getting to know the group - coffee giving time schedule, explaining, workshop, table and items, defining goal, show movie

2 •

DOMAIN - 30 min define theme, discuss theme (schedule – show object, get to know personal story)

compared with the situation in the first workshop: • The material stays the same. There are just cups that were specifically produced for Future Perspections – people could drink out of the cups that were also used as holders. The thought behind this was to stimulate an openminded and laid back approach.

• The material is placed on a side table. It will only be placed on the work table when needed.

3 •

DECONSTRUCTION - 30 min What are objects? Which kinds of social interaction does exist? etc.

Domain & sharing the goal In order to create some shared interests for the outcome of the session, we’ve asked someone who could use the results for their own project. This will also make the session more realistic.

It is not only for testing, it is also for giving input to a real project.

changes about the tool

4

CARDS - 30 min

BREAK - Lunch 45 min 5

SELECTION+GROUPING - 30 min

6

CONSTRUCTION SCENARIO OUTLINE - 60 min

8

NAME IT - 15 min

9

QUESTION STICKS, PRODUCT CREATION THE FUTURE as long as it takes... forever!

One of the master students, Irene Nitz, was interested in using the subjects of her final master project in this workshop. After a consultation with Irene we decided on the theme and also created a small assignment for the rest of the goup, this way they can prepare themselves for the theme. An open invitation was sent to all members of the faculty of design.

89.

workshop II

PROTOCOL This is an overview of the complete workshop. here, some parts are written down in detail to give an impression of the day. The complete workshop can be found on the attached DVD: workshop 2 part 1 and 2.

Total duration of 4h30 10.15h start 17.00h end 12.00 - 13.30h lunch break 15.00 - 15.30h break (total 2 hours of breaks in between) Part 1: 1h46 (tape 1,2,3) Part 2: 2h40 (tape 4,5,6)

Step 1: start 10 min.

Introduction / reason Anniek: This is our last semester’s prototype. We (L&A) worked on the topic future / scenarios and discovered that it’s very hard while working with all these data to get some clearness in the overload of information. And how can one use it to create a scenarios?

This is why we came to develop a tool that we could use to build scenarios.

Since we develop scenarios together, we also need to be able to communicate and visualise our thoughts and ideas.

The workshop consist out of 10 steps, This video is an overview of them.

We will explain all steps one by one again during the workshop itself.

through together. But because you develop this together you will all know what it is about. It is really for the group.

Lisa: Basically you can see this table as a tool to communicate with each other.

(After watching video) Anniek explains there is a time plan for the workshops, to get through all the steps before running out of time. explains she will try to keep an eye on the time, and announces the next steps.

Lisa explains the note boards & the little overviews of all the materials.

Anniek: Does anyone have questions before we start? notes: • Interrupting each other, but on the video it seems quite natural • Did not mention all the steps. The video was quite quick. We just explained when we thought it was necessary. Was this chaotic or understandable for the group?

Step 2: the stage 23 min. explaining the theme and discovering it by the assignment, bring along 2 objects.

(.. video continues..)

Lisa: Select the cards, group them together, in fields or timeframes, etc.. And like that you can build some sort of mind maps. (pause / watching the video) Lisa: During this process, many ideas pop up. These are really interesting as within you will find opportunities or threads that can inspire you as a designer, that can lead to other, new ideas.

(Step 8-9-10 - developing the scenario) Anniek: Looks chaotic and during the process you need to talk about it, it’s a brainstorm that you go

90.

A: both transport data L: get lost often, fight about it, social interaction about what you have and share.

Irene asks to go further and continues herself (in german): Beer bottle and etiquette / people tend to rip off the etiquette when they interact with one another over a beer.

Cake candles / always get lost, always buys new ones and has a billion of them now. The candle makes turn the cake into a birthday cake.

Lisa takes the lead and asks about a frame that Irene brought along: Who needs frames? It’s about the picture. Why do we have frames?

Discussion: Anniek asks if there’s a social aspect, does the frame present the picture? Lisa: Referring to a childhood memory.

Anton: Most of the time the picture goes and the frame stays: Another picture comes in.

Daniel: maybe people think there has to be a frame Anniek: ring / often plays with it while talking with other people.

An object (lying around) / Just touching it, when off in her own thoughts this morning.

Discussion follows: If you have a social interaction, you start using objects differently.

Anton: social means moving? I can also not sit still, you have always some movement.

Lisa: But why is that.

Anton: Your body is connected with your brain.. movement is neccary to think.

Anniek: we can try it, let’s stand still and see if we can have a conversation.

(starting the video, while watching, three and a half steps were explained extra by us) Anniek: We start with a theme that will be deconstructed – what is it? what does it mean nowadays?

– where does it come from?

Lisa: The wheel, the heart of the table. Itcontains small cards, things or events that might happen in the future.

The information come from science, research, etc. They are divided into several fields & timeframes indicating when they are supposed to happen.

Anniek: The wheel is the scientific part of the workshop, can be used as a red line. The rest is more about instincts and perspectives from the group.

Lisa: You all have your own ideas about this topic. With these cards you can take a step further and get new perspectives on the future.

Mystery man: they´re both communication tools!

(1 sec passes) Team is gathering around the table, A&L place the required items for step 1 on the table.

Anniek explains the material that’s put on the table (chalk & pencils) Checks if everyone has material.

Lisa: Our subject today will be the role of objects within the field of social interaction (writes it on the stage) As discussed beforehand with Irene, timeframe 2030.

Imagine how old you will be then!

Anniek: Is there a location?

Irene: Here, Europe maybe?

Lisa asks if everyone brought along their objects (the small assignment) Group starts to show the objects they brought. Kristian appears and introduces himself as the mystery men in the back (he is there to observe the workshop) Irene brought along extra products, in case anyone forgot them.

Anton: charging cable / will not be there in the future; marker / will be there in the future, Anton doesn’t believe writing will disappear. Anniek / Lisa ask further: How do these objects make you interact with other people?

Anton: Data sharing and writing. (Discussion with the group, but more with L&A.)

Anton: no, it’s boring, let’s stop. Could also work like images, they work as reminders. Maybe movements work like that as well.

Lisa: could it be in our history, that concentration goes along with doing stuff..?

Daniel: maybe it is really new in human history that it is necessary to keep still?

Anton: I think it is just a social rule, an old social rule: ‘sit still, be quite, listen to what I say!’.

Lisa: what about people that are constantly on their phones, I don’t think they are concentrated. They don’t even see what they are doing. Like the interaction in a restaurant, as soon as there is no food on the table it gets weird, you have to face each other, you just sit there waiting for the food.

You can talk about that you don’t have anything to talk about. You will repeat yourself but you always repeat yourself.

Irene: (in German): It is interesting to observe people that have dinner like that.

Lisa: reminds me of this... sitting towards each other.. notes: • good ice breaker

Step 3: deconstruction 40 minutes Anniek is putting the boards on the table, explains that they are slowly starting with the deconstructing of the theme: what is a social interaction and the role of objects with in that. The boards.. Irene interrupts, takes the objects off the table.

Anniek: Let’s just leave them on the table, they might help us during the session. The boards are meant to make notes on: to write down the questions we have, to map out what a social interaction consist of, to take the theme and pull it in the future - ‘how is it shaped today – on what is it relying?

What do you need for a social interaction today, and will this change in the future, like money, people, time?

Anton (interrupts): maybe there are things that will never change..

Anniek: do you have something specific in mind?

Anton: ..I have the feeling that things didn’t change so much.

We have in our minds that the things change more than they really do. We always expect so much of the future.

Anniek: Is it also the other way around, do people expect that things will never change, but they’ll change just over nighttime? If I listen to you, I hear you say people miscalculate the future all the time?

Anton: People have their own goals, or missions of the future, in your mind it’s big. But social things, maybe little things change, but only very small bits..

Anniek: maybe a good point to start with writing down the boards? How did social interactions change in Europe last decades?

Lisa: good point, there are all these rules that seem to changes from generation to generation. For example my parents would never drink beer from a bottle, we will all probably not be like that.

Sylvia: Hmm don’t know..

Sylvia/Anniek: Could also have to do with your age?

Anton: It’s a ritual. The bottle is just the packaging, the glass changes what it is. The glass makes it get worth more.

Discussion carries on. Daniel and Irene get more involved. Discussion about the relation between rituals and objects, do they belong together?

Refering to Christmas and birthdays, gifts are reminders. Lisa & Anniek keep on asking questions / making conclusions / being the listening ear.

Anton, Lisa, Anniek keep on discussing the most. Anniek & Lisa make almost all the notes on the ‘discussion boards.’

Anniek tries to give overviews on how far are we? Anniek /Lisa offer the boards to the group again, this time not on table but in their hands with already some notes on them. (is that good or bad?)

Anniek checks if the group understands what should be done? No, not really..

Explains (again) – for example on

this board we can make notes on what the role of objects actually is..

Sylvia (German): objects show who you are Lisa: Objects shape you.

Sylvia: Maybe objects say stuff about you that you don’t know; people judge each other on objects.

It creates the first impression. What happens when you take the objects away, will you stop judging?

Lisa: Then you can still judge!

Anniek: So we ourselves are objects, our body is an object.

Lisa: These are interesting questions, what happens if we are all strip naked?

Group responds(!)

Sylvia: no.. but then other things..

Anton: Well..

Kristian: maybe other things will fulfill this role of objects, like suggestions or movements.

Daniel: example of school kids and their uniforms, who still try to express themselves through small details.

Lisa: back in history people were obligated to carry specific objects with them to make clear to which group they belonged.

allowed everywhere, did people also specially meet over a cigarette? – Daniel & Lisa (Anniek/Anton involve, rest stays quite) discussion about clothes – rules – social rules that seem not to be there, but still are there, trends and all.

Lisa and Anniek discuss, Anton talks, Sylvia eats cookies, Daniel plays and writes, Irene listens.

Result of this phase: Discussed about the topic. Try to get people to open up their minds, share their thoughts and perspectives, first ideas. Warm up the discussion. Not all responded, might also have to do with the language barrier? Lisa and Anniek keep on interfering within the discussion itself. Afterwards not visible if this had a positive or negative effect..

Notes: • discussions started with Anton • A&L have several questions that keep the discussion going. > but answer them themselves..

• Make clear that the boards are about visualising/sharing our thoughts in a common place.

• A small discussion, asking (stupid) questions out loud to set the mood and then an open question seems to work. But we need to be careful that we don’t let ourselves carry off.

Group responds, but the discussion stays between Anton/Anniek/Lisa.

Anniek to Lisa: I think we can go to the next step.

Lisa: Are you up for the next step?

Anniek warns it will be some explanation - All clean up. - A little break – refill of the drinks, Lisa takes stage off the wheel, Anniek starts explaining the fields, the times and the time of our theme, Lisa: takes over to explain the reliability levels. Anniek names the fields and explains it doesn´t matter too much.It’s just nice if we manage to have some colours of all on the table Lisa: just take a card and decide if it is linked to the topic according to your opinion Irene: should we mind the time levels? That it suits the stage?

Anniek: It is smart, but not necessary. when it doesn’t match but you find it interesting anyhow then you should take it.

Lisa: don’t look too much at the time or levels; just see if you think it fits.

Anniek: at the back of the cards there is an explanation. Everyone starts on their own with 10 cards, less is better, more is more difficult.

Anniek: first you will select them on your own, around 10 cards. You will start automatically discussing, because of same interest for example. But later on, after selecting on your own, you will discuss them all together. This will be the red line in your process developing scenarios. We have half an hour for this.

Group discussion leads to church, law, hobos and people living outside of public space. Kristian brings example of the hobos in Dubai. Anton responds..

Lisa: steps of seeing someone – judging on looks – next step feeling? Personality?

Anton: responds..

Group starts card selection. Lisa joins for herself as well. Anniek explain the blocks that will match the levels of the cards.

Group members start selecting cards, quietly. Sometimes ask questions or discuss with their neighbour. ‘ why is this folder empty’ – ‘what means no specific time’? ‘what does this, that mean?’

(tape cut.)

Irene: Are there objects that can influence an interaction (positive / negative)?

- Example with new roommates, feeling not at home, start to do ‘normal stuff’.

Like boiling water while you don’t need it just for the sake of doing something.

Examples like: playing with beer bottles gives you something to do.

Discussion back to – Kristian – Lisa – Anniek..Irene asks if we should proceed?.. Discussion comes back with Kristian – around smoking – Daniel – Anton – Lisa: The topic “sharing” in connection with social interaction and objects. Discussions with – Daniel – Anton – Anniek – Lisa (Sylvia & Irene are quiet) Irene gives example- WG: People sharing thoughts and experiences. A&L are having the lead with questions, conclusions, etc.

L&A: when smoking in the past was

34 min.

Irene doesn’t understand, so based on what should we select? Lisa explains that it’s linked with what we just discussed.

Anniek: Do you have people nowadays in Europe, that are especially (not) allowed to have / touch specific objects?

Anniek: If you loose stuff you have a good reason for social interaction..

Irene: takes discussion back..

Kristian: The same object can have a positive effect in one situation and a negative in the other, example of beer at Cindy’s office.

Sylvia: example of smoking and asking for a lighter, just for the contact.

Step 4: the wheel of fortune

7 minutes pass.

Daniel and Anton discover they only need to take the cards out, but not the entire folders.

4 minutes pass.

• • • •

•

•

looks a little bit like being on our own island – arrogant.. !?

Lisa explains the step, the theme and takes the lead in discussing the assignment.

Anniek & Lisa are both talking and asking a lot. There isn’t really a discussion with the whole group.

There are quiet a lot of boards on the table, (the table itself, all 6 small private ones and 3 extra bigger boards for sharing), but no one is really writing.

How to use the boards and the process of deconstructing seems a bit vague, but the group also just carries on discussing. Is it maybe smarter to leave the boards aside and write down notes on your own?

Language seems to be a problem to express your thoughts

Lisa suggests to start looking at what the others chose, and discuss. Anniek suggests to all move one place - some are ok, some need some more time to select the cards. So finally it doesn’t happen, people discuss further.

Anniek: lets have lunch and come back with a fresh start. It’s maybe good to get some distance. And then we can do the place moving.

Group: goes further with selecting cards while Lisa & Anniek fix lunch and stuff. (some 10 minutes) Anniek joins Lisa in selecting cards.

Lunch break, people were asking for it.

Anton, Daniel & Anniek stay a bit longer, working at the table. Lisa prepares food, rest is waiting – hanging around..

Week 30 July 2013

Notes • Group has some critic on the design of the wheel and selecting the cards • explanation on the back of the cards..

• group is pretty interested and busy selecting the cards..

• table top moves.. paople are hanging on it..

• the explanations seem to be ok, LUNCH BREAK – 12.00 – 13.30

Step 5: Future Elements - 1 hour preparation: Lisa is placing blocks and rubber bands on the table, explanation takes 3 minutes Anniek: Look at your selected cards together, discuss them: Do they go together? Do they have some sort of relationship or connection? If you’re not sure about a card, put it aside, we will have enough material. You will notice, by selecting and placing the cards together you’ll start to form groups that could lead to scenarios. Don’t think too much about it, if we have the selection ready, the cards will be placed on blocks. Here the level comes in, one bar means one block etc. This way the importance of the card becomes visible to the whole group.

Lisa: You can add more blocks (like five or so) if you think it’s really important, you can always adapt them differently from it says on the card.

Lisa is placing blocks on the table / Anniek is showing how you place the cards on the block.

Lisa: if you have a thought while grouping the cards, like ‘this or that could happen now’, just write it down directly on the table.

Explained material: blocks, chalks, water to erase notes.

Discussion starts after 3 minutes Groups tries the chalk/pencils first, looking around and at their own cards.

L&A start to read and discuss the cards the group members selected, to show how it goes. 1 min.

Irene (randomly drawing on table): so you put important cards together.. or I don’t know what to do?

Anniek: Ah ok, I think if you read a card you already think like if this or that could happen.. it’s good to describe that out loud so you can see if other cards fits in there.

Irene: it doesn’t matter what kind of cards?

Anniek: It’s really about creating the context, creating.. like how could it effect the situation nowadays .. or is it more like another perspective.. I think you shouldn’t think too much..

You should discuss your thoughts…

91.

workshop II

PROTOCOL Discussion about: • girls and new roles in society (girl gangs, girls in high education) • misunderstandings around social rules / habits • product and ownership, origin of objects • personalised objects • (new) craftsmanship • participative product design Anniek gives example with two cards: placing together how they effect each other and could create a small scenario. Like this you can start discussing your cards with each other.

Group starts to look around, discuss.

Lisa gives another input to Irene with one of her own cards.

Anniek: Some blocks have black surfaces on which you can write a card of your own. (late explanation) Group starts gathering blocks, and looking at their cards. Irene places her cards already on blocks Sylvia is quite quite, listening, eating, looking at her own cards. Anton seems to start on his own, pretty well, writing notes, using blocks. Not sharing his thoughs. Daniel: starts discussing with Irene / Sylvia about their cards. Anniek tries to talk about the cards of Irene, example of own reads, experiences.. tries to get a conversation going with the whole table. Lisa makes notes on her own card selection. after 15 minutes since start of step Lisa suggests to move places. Till then people made some notes and selections with their own cards. After switch people really seem to start sharing cards and thoughs and not just focus on their own anymore. Discussions about thoughs take place in groups of 2 max 3 persons. Irene seems a little bit lost, and observes the others.

Anniek discusses with Sylvia & Daniel about the cards. Keeps on giving weird facts that could work as an input for the table.. Lisa works on her own, showing how cards can be grouped.

After 5 minutes A/L/S/D discussing / talking, A/I talking, S goes a bit on her own..

After 10 minutes: Anton gets along. Alone Daniel comes along talking with everyone else, Sylvia & Irene seem to find it more difficult. Not really clear from the film if it’s not clear what to do or how to do it, if it is difficult or if the step doesn’t make sense to them.

After 15 minutes everyone seems to be in thoughts or discussions about the card selection.

Anniek ends up in discussion with Anton & Daniel. Lisa asks Anton how and why he grouped his cards the way he did. after 30 minutes Both of us end up in talking about our own thoughts a lot, instead of asking for others, although it’s more in a discussion form. Anton & Daniel seem to respond easily. Sylvia & Irene don’t involve. Not clear if it is good or bad?

92.

After 45 minutes

• • •

• •

Anniek: Maybe we should start writing stuff down.

Lisa: We shouldn’t forget the future.

Lisa & Anniek mumble and discuss about a possible scenario outline. Some scenario around personalisation. Daniel starts a new discussion about Google glasses and information sharing, Anton starts discussion about nervous breakdowns - Discussion keeps on going.

After 55 minutes Irene interrupts, asks to go to the next step or making it all a bit more concrete.

Anniek suggests to move a bit quicker, look at the selections on the table. Then the next step will be to form scenario outlines with these (step 7). finishing up the last discussion, this could lead to a scenario outline, humans becoming objects. (different techniques, like the virtual life, or within the DNA selections, upgrades, add-ons ) Irene gives feedback, suggest that the discussions should be a bit quicker.

Sylvia starts discussing her selection, around co-working. This trend leads a scenario where your work life becomes your social life. Your social relations are also your work relations. The use of objects changes, everyone uses the same products.

Irene starts discussing her selection, suggest continuing in German.

Scenario links with the development of a family and transferring knowledge from generation to generation.

Irene: Will the generation gap become bigger or smaller? What do we know about our lifestyles and how they will change? For example, I don’t know how my parents ate when they were young, like preparing beet. I have no idea how you could do that.

Daniel: the family used to be more involved in teaching each other how to live your life.

Make a clear separation between selecting, discussing, and presenting the selection.

Explanation: how to place the cards more clear, maybe with example..

Text sounds weird after hearing it.

Example Irene, replied before she asked her question, answer was unclear but the example with some cards was clear.

Forgot to explain the black blocks.

Step out as monitors, let the group struggle maybe with the selection instead of directly helping with open questions etc.

Notes: • Skipped step 6. Very chaotic round.

We should clearly stop building and start discussing or presenting the small groups on the table.

These could become the scenario outline. (step 5 was within step 6)

Arrows are placed on the table.

Anniek: You might already see some opportunities or ideas that could lead somewhere while creating the scenario outlines. You place the arrows with them, so it becomes easy to recognise afterwards.

Daniel: Like highlights?

Anniek: Yes. Group directly starts to place some arrows on the table, with their ideas.

Session proceeds. The atmosphere becomes less serious. Lisa suggest to place the flags on the table.

Step 8 | FLAGS 10 minutes

•

• • • •

• •

Step should start with looking back at own selection and some notes. And then, after few minutes, switch places.

There was not really a moment yet (like quite 5 minutes) where people could start looking at their cards..

Not sure if A was talking too much, and if the examples lead to a discussion Lisa: less but also in her own process and not open for the rest.. still, the division seems to work well Not really clear if starting discussions, with examples and question, is distracting or not.

Some members ignore it and work on their own. Some respond by discussing along, giving their own ideas and examples. It seems to work.. everyone is occupied by the table and selecting/discussing/grouping the cards Anniek/Lisa end up in their own discussion about cards for few minutes.

Step takes more then 30 minutes. > only interesting for the people involved in the discussion> can you group cards differently after discussing?

Step 6 | Construct

was within step 5

Step 7 | outline scenarios 20 minutes

Discussions start on how family is and how it was. Anniek suggests that this could fit together with Sylvia’s selection.

They’re both about changing lifestyles and how that influences our behavior and the relation towards the use of objects. Lisa starts to discuss family do you need to be related? Discussion goes on for a bit, not recorded on tape.

Outlines scenarios: 1. Anton´s thing.

2. Humans become objects 3. Lifestyle changes: family, colleges and friends are the same persons.

10.00 minutes later

preparation: pictures were placed under the table before the workshop started, the other materials were placed one by one on the table while explaining. explanation: by placing the visualisation materials one by one on the table. Start with the pictures & materials. Then the arrows.

People looking through pictures and the materials. Explanation is not recorded (tape switch)

Anniek: You all noticed that the selections of the cards are slowly forming into groups, worlds, outlines for scenarios. I suggest that we give these scenarios a name, so it will all become more concrete. Could you tell or see one field on the table that could become a scenario, Irene?

Irene starts looking closely. Anniek checks if anyone else sees something.

Sylvia: You mean a story?

Anniek: Yes, is there something like a story, a world, a scenario lying on the table? Because, if you work with future scenarios, you’ll always need more than one. There is never just one story about the future, there are always more possibilities. And none of them is the truth, none of the scenarios will be the real future. The truth will lie somewhere in-between all of these scenarios. We will never have all the possible scenarios on the table, but I think there are a few here.

Lisa: What we want you to do is to look what fits together, for example this and that. And.. how could you name that!?

Lisa & Anniek both suggest some scenarios. But the group responds a little bit confused, still processing what scenarios are, or questioning themselves what they should do now.

Daniel: You want us to create scenarios and give them a name?

Anton starts with one, the virtual life.

Anniek suggest to draw borders to make the scenario fields more clear. Sylvia suggest one.

found themselves a part, and actively join developing the scenarios.

Daniel: I think it fits the continent “We&Ours”.

Lisa: so you have a continent and a country?

Daniel: Yes. I think there is also the country .. optimising something Lisa: If you have a name just write it on this paper.

Anton & Daniel write names down.

Sylvia & Irene observe.

Anniek, to S&I: If you’re not sure you can take a look back at the boards, where we discovered what a social interaction is about.

Sylvia starts engaging more in the process. Naming process proceeds.

Anniek & Lisa both start to involve as actual group members, to keep the process going, developing the scenarios by writing notes, placing cards and materials. Irene starts engaging in the naming / scenario process. Lisa calls out for focus!

Anniek: well Sylvia is not here.

Lisa: we can still do stuff Irene: could we have a break..

Lisa: we have like an hour work left.

Daniel: break of 10 minutes.

Then, the atmosphere seems to get a bit chaotic again: Anniek is making the scenarios clear by drawing lines, and cleaning them up. Irene and Anton are talking about something else. Daniel: reading something, Sylvia disappeared.

Lisa comes in, and suggests moving on by looking back at the stage. Anniek checks if the scenarios are clear?

Irene: yes, could you give an overview of the scenarios.

Anniek: I think we could all do a that, who would like to start with one?- it seems that not everyone knows every scenario Scenario 1:

Anton starts: Dystopia.

Lisa: You can use more than one word.

Anton: It’s a scary world.

Lisa: What happens there?

Anton: What happens there? Pfff the same as now..

Anniek: I think maybe the relationship between the object and the user is more intense. How you use it how it controls you, how you rely on it is different?

Scenario 2: Daniel: Mind and body, I think in this scenario you will have a third component that comes in-between. its not clear where your body/mind ends.. I think that some electronics will be used. These are controlling you, but you’re not aware.

Lisa: How will the objects be in this world?

Pause.

Anniek: Maybe a new level of objects, like new clothes. The body gets more distance from the mind, because it becomes an object of the mind.

Lisa: so you will have..

Discussion about the scenario carries on for few minutes, people start drawing on the table top. Lisa brings in paper: suggests that everyone takes the opportunity to draw how this would look like.

Lisa: We are at a good starting point, let’s just a draw what you think this world looks like.

Anniek: Good idea! We can also use this bread clay. If you would like to make some objects.

After these 2 scenarios the group stopped overviewing. A&L seem to have forgotten about the rest and suggest for clay and drawing. Or maybe the other scenarios weren’t important - it is not visible from the video.

People start drawing & claying.

Only Sylvia doesn’t seem to get along.

Anniek places the question sticks on the table: There are questions on these sticks that could help you to imagine how this world would look like, for example ‘ how do you order a movie?’. Sylvia starts using the question sticks, the rest carries on.

Anton, Daniel, Anniek start discussing their ideas. The rest keeps on designing.

After some time: Start discussing the sketches and ideas.

Daniel: A sketch of a superhuman, that can easily survive in nature.

He has a solarpanel to survive, tools on his hands. With his eyes he can kill whoever he crosses, an antenna for communication. He’s naked of course, he doesn’t need clothes.

Sylvia: I thought of communication. How we could communicate with each other. Because we will all live far from our family and

Week 30 juli 2013

friends, but we will have these communication objects. It’s just a question.

Because.. maybe we don’t need objects anymore, maybe we can just think about them and they will feel it.

Anniek: These questions are already answers; they lead to kind of communication services.

Maybe we won’t even talk, we could just feel. Communicate by feelings.

Lisa: We will not talk anymore but we would just get the information.

Anniek: like updates?

Lisa: Yes, like updates. So you will have cafes where people go and just plug in. People will be blind, they have chips in their eyes that transport the images. There are certain people with who you won’t be able to talk with.

They have the wrong or an old program.

If you die, you will have to be recycled.

Discussion starts. A crematorium will become a recycling center.

That could also be done today, with all the drugs we use..

Small break – with drinks

Lisa & Anniek: Next scenario!

Lisa: So, The real thing.

Products are green, you don’t buy much but go for quality. People are very aware and judge each other on what they buy. They are over-conscious.

Next scenario. The Mind/ Body scenario again.

Anniek: I made a worm.

In this scenario you will either end up being a worm, like the big bang theories, become a battery again, that controls a whole robot. .. or you will become naked, like Adam & Iva collecting the sun.. ok let’s move on.

After some minutes, all flags are placed.

4 scenarios (or continents and countries) • mind or body ( Daniel) • The real thing • Being conservative?

(Anton’s Dystopia) • We and ours Break 15.00 – 15.30

Step 9 Question it - 45 minutes (including break)

Anniek (on the Emotion Cards): They describe general emotions and behaviours we have.

For example: ‘we tend to help attractive people’ That is something that people in general tend to do. You can place them with a scenario, maybe they support a thought or an idea.

Everyone takes a folder with cards and starts reading them, using them.

L&A step out at let the group work.

Discuss in background. Make some more coffee. Anniek shows how you place the cards on the table with the felt balloons. Process of developing the scenarios proceeds. Anniek involves in the process, Lisa takes pictures. Irene & Sylvia seem to have

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PROTOCOL After the break, Lisa explained her scenario because it was her turn, then we stopped the round. Irene didn’t explain what she did.

Notes: • Not sure if the step was mentioned, starts with emotion cards.

• Presenting and discussing gives new feedback that can help to develop the scenarios further.

But how can we make the others give feedback and not just us?

• Why did we stop after 2 scenarios? There where 3 more to describe and present.

• Mentioned on the film by L/A but also looks like: organising a kids party.

• We started good, going through all the scenarios and ideas, but looking back it’s not clear if we ended the rounds too early, cutting or even and skipping some people. Or maybe some people did not have something that they wanted to talk about.

• Drawing worked in this case better then visualisation with clay or materials.

Anniek: We could go further developing these scenario ideas out of the scenarios. But we could also call it a day. I would like to develop further, but I don’t know how you all are doing?

The workshop came to an end, after one round of creating all a visualisation for one of the scenarios. The group was getting tired and we also began to lose our concentration. After checking how everyone was doing, we all decided to stop. The group went through all the steps, maybe not in the exact order as planned but there was enough material to review.

After telling the group that we were quite happy with how the day went and were glad the group managed all steps of the process we asked for their feedbacks.

Daniel suggests a break before going further. The rest is pretty tired and done for today. Discussion starts.

Lisa: I suppose we can take pictures of the whole table.

And then write down the whole session. Send them to you and if you have ideas you can tell us?

Anniek: We did this as a test.

It would be really nice if you could give us some feedback. What do you think of this table? (Pause.) No, really, you can tell us if you think this doesn’t work. If you think: “I could come up to these results on a piece of paper or I don’t need a tool for this.” Or maybe you are very enthusiastic. We are just curious what you think of this tool and how we supported you during the workshop? You can tell us now but also write us afterwards.

Irene: It’s quite hard to work with the cards. You have to use this input while your own thoughts and ideas are not that clearly on the table.

It takes a long time to understand what it means before you’re able to use them. The given information on the cards makes it hard to place/use your own knowhow in the process.

The workshop is so intensive - so many new terms, new materials, information, tasks - that it seems impossible to add input and ideas.

Daniel: Using images could clear things up, maybe also

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with the future element cards.

Irene: Yes, more pictures and more overview and distance.

Sylvia: Maybe have a second table for all the tools, to keep the table clean.. The stage has to be visible the whole time. It was covered now by materials and stuff.

Daniel agrees.

Anton: Maybe on the wall?

Project images or just the table on the wall, zoom in and out, maybe all digital.

Irene: Just have one monitor that observes the whole time, gives overviews, keeps track of the time and doesn’t interfere with the process on the table.

Anniek (German): But how do you see this then, because I think I can give you an overview of what is on the table right now. I can give overviews and ask questions.

Irene: No I don’t mean asking questions, that is already interfering with the process. You should just, I don’t know, just give an overview, a direction where it is going.

Anton: Yes, you could have someone who is very strict, just gives in deadlines. Much stricter, quicker and with small reviews per step..

Daniel: It depends on what the goal is. Maybe it’s not important that everyone has a good overview.

It’s important that everyone is involved in at least some scenarios. I think it worked like this, that everyone had something to focus on. But I wonder if you both know exactly what happened on every part of the table?

Anniek: Do you mean we should leave everyone just work on their own thing?

Daniel: No I mean it’s good that you change places and see other work and you can participate. But you don’t have these complete overviews the whole time you work together.. So for who is it? For who are you developing..

Anniek: Yes exactly that’s important. You can’t develop a realistic scenario just by your own thoughts. It is really important that

you gather new perspectives.

Anniek carries on, explaining why and how designers can use scenarios, build a future context, design a project in there, and thereby influence the future.. (off topic..?)

Anton: How to see this table, is it a product, a workshop, an experiment..

Anniek explains we developed the table as a tool for ourselves.. because we were stucked. And now it is becoming a workshop tool. But it wasn’t our first intention. Anton doesn’t seem to see difference between workshop and tool.

Anton: could be really interesting if you have already a goal, a project and you can use your own material.

Anniek: yes, now we made the cards based on our research, you need to use it but are not familiar with it.

Anton: yes, then you can use your own research and that would make it clearer. so first do research - then start the chaos.

Anniek: Yes because I think it then becomes less chaos, it could give structure instead of chaos, visualise.

Daniel: All these steps seems to make it hard to concentrate or focus on one thing. Maybe you can erase one?

Anniek: We would like to – but we think we need them all.. Any idea which one?

Sylvia: The behaviour cards are nice, but too much. Don’t really understood what to do with it.

Anniek explains, suggests to use it together with the pictures. Asks if the group was missing anything?

Irene: language, words, facts, terms are exhausting.. that’s why maybe more breaks are needed, where you do really just something unrelated, funny or something.

Daniel: maybe write less on the cards...more space. At the beginning choose less of the cards, because it is hard to keep overview Irene: the time is unclear,

I don’t look at it – just at the text.

Anniek: does it bother you that its on the card?

Irene: you could then leave it if you don’t use it or maybe tell us that we shouldn’t mind it.

Daniel/Anton think it´s not so bad, it’s a lot, but it gives information and input.

Daniel thinks the time zones are illogical.

Anniek suggests you could use the time to analyse afterwards, what time the scenario will happen afterwards?

Daniel: too much material and information, too much chaos.

Lisa: I think we forgot to reconstruct after selecting the cards. You should really think of placing them logical on the table.

Anniek: maybe we should create teams that discuss more together.

I have the idea that it’s quite exhausting to listen to people talking the whole time. Maybe we should discuss in small groups and then present it each other?

Daniel likes the design and the tools, how it all fits together. Anton might do a free project.. Anton/Daniel discuss about this. Sylvia leaves.

Notes: • Idea for finishing, start with one particular time.

• A lot of people told us about the information on the cards, or advise us about it, all differently.

It’s really hard to decide or see what works and what doesn’t.

• Although we both said we could easily continue, looking at the recordings we were also loosing our concentration (giggling and stuff..)

It was good to stop now, and to set a deadline for the next time. People can leave from there on. Or stay if they like. In that case it is also not bad if we lose concentration.

Conclusion

•

Analysing the recordings of the sessions showed some positive and negative aspects of the session and the tool. After the workshop there was also a short interview with Irene about how she thinks of the workshop and if it gave any input for her project.

•

The workshop was a success in the sense that the group went through (almost) all steps within the time frame.

Overall during the workshop there was a good and friendly atmosphere.

•

•

Step 4 - the wheel of fortune: Selecting the information of the future element cards is an interesting activity, but it is also time and energy consuming.

Step 5&6: Don’t do them together anymore. Make a clear separation between selecting, discussing, and presenting the selection.

Step 7: The arrows and pictures make the process active and playful again, this is a good point to really let the team work on their own.

Step 8: Let the group think of names and then present them to each other, instead of an open discussion.

Step 9 & 10: Make sure all participants can explain their view on one or more scenarios.

Make sure all question/presentation rounds are finished.

All reviews are listed up beneath; they are marked with where they came from.

Groups’ feedback round (G) Irene’s interview afterwards (I) Analysing the recordings (R)

•

The changes before the workshop where divided in two aspects: the tool and the moderation. This review will also be divided over these two aspects.

Explanation video (R) We skipped some steps during the video, looks chaotic afterwards. All explanation should be in the video.

Then it is probably helpful.

The assignment to bring two objects is a nice ice-breaker if everyone has their own moment to explain. (R) People start thinking about the theme – good preparation. Next time we should have some extra objects from which people can choose if they forgot.

Moderating the session Roles Both of us changed our roles every now and then. This didn’t seem to harm the dynamics of the work and happened rather natural. Though it is not clear if it was confusing for the group. (R) (Too much) involved.

We rarely stepped out of the session, and always joined the group with their work. Thereby it is not clear if the group did not understand what they were supposed to do or if they were just too hesitant. By letting them struggle a bit longer and don’t help them directly after it gave much more feedback. (R) Discussions We were both giving a lot of input for discussion as well. Though after giving that, we could have asked others for their opinion instead of responding to reactions ourselves. (R) The ‘all working on one’ idea doesn’t seem to work in such a big group.

People like to work alone or in groups of 2 to 3. (R) Explanation & guiding the steps Overall, the moderators should try not to interfere too much in the discussions. optimising points: • start a new discussion without ending one.

• listen better • answers questions instead of asking more questions • discuss less with each other.

Still, it was already much better than the first workshop. strategy • Step 1 - start: Let the video do the explanation.

• Step 2 - the domain: A given theme safes time & the assignment was a good ice-breaker.

• Step 3 - deconstructing: Start a small discussion by asking (stupid) questions out loud to set the mood and then an open question in the group seems to work. But we need to be careful that we don’t let ourselves carry off like that and end up in our own private discussions.

Make the notes for the group.

Time schedule and the steps (R) Almost all steps took around half an hour. Step 8, naming the scenarios, took only 10 minutes and step 9 took more.

Step 9 could be open ended, people who like to keep on developing could continue – people that are tired can leave.

Step 5&6 were mixed together. This seemed natural at the time, but afterwards it would have been good to clearly take an extra step to lay out a clear structure before developing the scenarios further. (then both steps take also 30 minutes each) Breaks (R&G) The weather was nice and the food good - so the first break took 1,5 hour.

Which is not that bad, but some more frequent small breaks would have maybe prevented people from getting so tired at the end. As we are familiar with the process, we get far less tired than the participants and it is very hard to call in for a break when you are so involved and energetic. (G & R) There could be more small mini breaks in-between the steps.

The two of us .. and the bad/good cop situation.. (R&G): The role division started out good but in the end the two roles became more and more one.

Lisa was calling in time and explaining steps/items – Anniek was involving a lot in the creative process It was very hard not to involve. Especially because directly after the explanation of one step the discussion is often between 2 or 3 participants instead of the whole group, as we might have expected first. By interfering and working together with the participants they seem to understand it better what we ask from them. That is why after explaining we both ended up helping out by not only asking, but sharing ideas and even taking the lead sometimes.

Week 30 juli 2013

The other stakeholder The workshop was based on the project theme for the master thesis of Irene Nitz.

Theme: habits and customs in the eating culture. She just started her research one month before the workshop and was interested in other perspectives towards this theme. The workshop is about building future scenarios. Although this is not included in her project she thought the workshop could lead to new insights. A few months afterwards, Irene reflected on the workshop and if it gave her anything for her project.

She explains: ‘there was nothing I used directly – maybe more indirectly’. The information that she had already discovered were discussed within the group during the workshop – thereby she could reflect on what she had found so far. clearly. They were discussed but not really cleared out on the table, designing a blue print so to say.

That’s why the table was very full and more chaotic than normal.

Language barrier A different language seems to be a problem to express your thoughts.

No one was speaking in their mother tongue. Also the new terms and information led to a barrier, people seem to be uncomfortable using them.

New ideas for a session Take one exact time for ending.

People can then leave and the ones who are not tired yet can continue.

Explain the step like a small assignment with a deadline. Then work in small groups or on your own and just until the deadline you have to explain and discuss your work with the others.

Don’t explain and use all material. For example the time coding with the future element cards is maybe just making it more complicated for a beginners group.

The workshop did not directly lead to new information within the scope of her project. Probably because she had researched this topic, in contrast to all others participants, for them this was a new theme.

Thereby there were some other clear reasons why none of the discussed topics came back in her project.

The results of the project did not lie within the eating culture. They were sketches of how the human being was consuming and living in several abstract far-future scenarios.

Irene also decided to lay the focus of her project on other aspects.

Irene wasn’t looking for new ideas around the theme habits in the eating culture - but rather to delve deeper in the ideas she had so far. The workshop can lead to this but is depending on all the participants. Irene was the only stakeholder at the table who had this interest. The three other design students were there because they were interested in how to build future scenarios, which explains the far-future scenarios.

Although the process of the workshop went well and led to some interesting and inspiring insights, the expectations of Irene were to reflect on her project.

The workshop that we organised with this team would have been more useful at the beginning of a new project instead of in the middle of one.

For the next time when organising a workshop for a project that already started (and with the expectations of Irene) it is smart to work with a team that share the same interest.

We accidentally took the step out where we mapped the future elements

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workshop II

ANALYSE AND IMPROVEMENT table and material Design & Material • they liked the design and the tools, how it all fits together • It is quite a lot - an overkill of information, which makes it easily look messy and chaotic.

The boards / used in deconstruction • there are a lot of boards on the table, the extra big ones and everyone’s noteboards.

• People don’t use the shared big boards out of themselves (maybe only if they are unfamiliar with the workshop?)

• idea: Directly take the lead in making the notes on the deconstruction boards. Otherwise no one takes this responsibility. The boards were used afterwards while building up the scenario. They are helpful to give an overview.

Note boards • Seem to work fine. In case people don’t use them, they don’t use them.

• The moderator could mention during the scenario visualisation process to have a look back on what they wrote there.

The future elements A lot of people found it difficult to understand and use the future element cards.

There is a lot of information and

unknown terms – preparing this beforehand might save a lot of time and serve as well as a good preparation to bring in own information.

• The time-zones seem unlogical and badly explained (5, 10, 15, 20 years..)

• Future Elements could contain pictures to illustrate them

in the future) in which you can visualise new lifestyles and new products. This will be your outcome.

Step 8 Placing a flag ‘Putting a flag in’ only took 10 minutes.

Except the start was pretty hard, not all of the group members understood that there were already some scenarios on the table and we did a lot of the work.

Besides that, it worked well to let the

New ideas Scenario Although it was explained in the beginning, it seemed that the goal of the session was not so clear to the group.

People didn’t always understand what we were actually doing there. The explanation in the beginning should be more clear and easier to understand. group present the scenarios afterwards.

Though it also makes it seem that not all the scenarios belong to the whole group.

We should take the lead stronger and force the group to work together and decide quickly by giving them a deadline and a small presentation assignment.

Tell the group: 5 minutes, everyone a chalk, make sure everyone understands what material on the table belongs to which group, and which material overlaps. If it helps, draw borders around these groups.

The wheel of fortune • there was some critic on the design of the wheel and the selection of the cards, not a very practical construction. (G) Visualisation materials • Drawing the final ideas or concepts is maybe even better than clay or other mock-up materials.

• Leave out the behaviour cards for beginner´s groups, use it only if it suits the group and theme. The same goes for the clay, the question sticks, maybe the material.

Table • Table top moves when people are hanging on it – which automatically happens.

• pictures underneath work, it brings in some movement and gives the step a touch of exploration.

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Explain: • what is a future scenario, why do you always have more than one?

• why and how a designer can use scenarios (to make the group involved in creating them) • that for a good scenario, you always need to work together and communicate about your thoughts (in order to gather different perspectives) • that the table-tool is for creating more than 1 scenario; enabling a group to use research outcomes in a creative process and to communicate within different perspectives • that the table-tool works in several steps, leading to scenarios (worlds

Explain the flags, that they will be placed within these groups to signalize them as a scenario. All groups will be presented a few minutes by members of the group.

What are they about? After one explanation, the whole group should agree if this is a scenario (maybe something was missing) and then they decide on a name and place the flag. Maybe giving it a name could be like a little game, to make the whole group think about a name together and speak up.

redesign to common standards

Week 30 - 32 July 2013

The cards are presented on a line on the wall, so everyone can easily see them and rip them off when needed.

A project team can make own future element cards when they use Future Perspections for a specific theme or within a project.

The research results of the project can be transformed into small statements as input for the cards.

As a positive side effect, the team members will automatically analyse their research on how it is related to the future and how one could categorize it - Is it a force or a trend, in a far or a near future etc.?

The design of the cards, as they are used in the Wheel of Fortune, have a long-lasting character with thick paper, a handy format and an interactive storage system - great to use during more sessions. But making these cards and organising them in the wheel is also a time consuming process which requires some special materials, programs and expertise.

Therefor a new, simplified design was made - so that a team can easily make some extra cards to add during the workshop. pick a card and rip it of

open the cards to see more information

positive • A4 paper and printable on one side • convertible to a PDF fill-out form - so everyone can make their own cards • less (precise) cutting: the strokes can be easily cut • no folders but the cards can just be ripped off • more space: 1/3 for the main title - 2/3 for explaining the information negative • semi - ‘one time use’: once ripped off they are not so easily presentable anymore • no interaction with the spinning wheel • the structure and organization of the cards is depending on all team members.

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always nice

REFERENCES AND SOURCES Here we list up all the sources and materials we used as well as references and material that is interesting in context with the subject.

film • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

“Alien”, Ridley Scott, 1979 “Blade Runner”, Ridley Scott, 1982, 2019 Replicants (genetically engineered organic robots) “Brave New World with Stepehen Hawking”, Keero Singh Birla, 2011 “Brazil”, Terry Gilliam, 1985 “Die kommenden Tage”, Lars Kraume, 2010 - Europe in 2020, Terrorism, wars, leak in Resourses, safety and in Freedom “De Crisis Vechters” (min. 00.25 -00.30 min), “Die Wolke”, Gregor Schnitzler 2006 - Nuclear Disaster in central Germany “Donnie Darko”, Richard Kelly, 2001 “Doomsday Preppers”, National Geographic Channel, 2011 “Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind”, Michel Gondry, 2004 - Erasing Short Memory “Fahrenheit 451”, François Truffaut, 1966 “Gatacca”, Andrew Niccol 1997 - DNA selection, PGD or PIGD (embryo screening) “Joe Strummer - The future is unwritten”, Julien Temple, 2007 “Le temps du loup / Wolfzeit”, Michael Haneke, 2003 “Manufactured Landscapes”, Edward Burtynsky, “Matrix”, Andy Wachowski, 1999 “Metropolis”, Fritz lang, 1927 “Minority Report”, Steven Spielberg, 2002 “Moon”, Duncan Jones, 2009 “Power to the People”, Tegenlicht “Silent Running”, Douglas Trumbull, 1972 “Star Wars”, George Lucas, 1977 “The Butterfly Effect, Eric Bress, J. Mackye Gruber, 2004 “The Venus Project: Future by Design”, William Gazecki, 2006 “Tron”, Steven Lisberger, 1982

writing • •

Adams, Douglas: “The hitchhiker´s guide to the galaxy”, 1979 Bleecker, Julian (Near Future Laboratory): “Design Fiction”; essay

•

on future thinking and design by the near future laboratory.

Böhm, Karl: “Schauplatz Zukunft - Blick in die Welt von morgen.”, Der Kinderbuchverlag Berlin.; 1974

•

Buchananan, Richard: “Wicked problems in Design Thinking”

• • • •

Callenbach, Ernest: “Ecotopia”, 1975 Colors Magazine: “Welcome to Vörland”, “Apocalypse - A survival guide” Conklin, Jeff: “Wicked Problems and Social Complexity” Coyne, Richard: “Wicked problems revisited” in “Design Studies 26”, 5-17, 2005;

• •

Davis, Joan S.: “Designing the future: Utopien als Notwendigkeit” Dean, Jeremy: “Making Habits, Breaking Habits: How to Make Changes that Stick Dunne, Anthony/ Raby, Fiona: “Speculative Eveything.

Design, Fiction and Social Dreaming” Eberstadt, Nicholas: “The Demographic Future” , Nov/ Dec 2010 issue of Foreign Affairs magazine FAO: “World Agriculture: Towards 2015/2030 - Summary Report” Fischer / Funke: “Zukunftsbilder fürs Design - 2. Europäische Designkonferenz Potsdam”, 1998 Fuller, R.Buckminster: “Your private sky. the art of Design Science” Gibson, William: “Neuromancer”, 1984 Giordano, Ralph: “Wenn Hitler den Krieg gewonnen hätte” Hallenberger, Gerd: “Science Fiction und Design” Hawking, Stephen: “Space and time warps” Hayes, N. Katherine: “How we became post-human” Hekkert, Paul / Van Dijk, Matthijs: “Vision in Product Design” Hodginson, Tom (editor): “The Idler: Utopia Issue v. 45”, Idle Ltd (21 Jun 2012) Holzapfel, Helmut: “Verkehr und Verkabelung” IDEO: design method cards Jameson, Frederic: “Archeologies of the future” JRP Ringier (publisher): “Wouldn’t it be nice... – ...wishful thinking in art and design”, 2008 Kremers, Patrick: “Mit dem Atom-Auto über den Highway”, Zeit.de, 2011 Le Monde Diplomatique: “Atlas der Globalisierung - Die Welt von morgen” “Mind the Future” (Editors: S. Sigrist, B. Varnholt, S. Achermann, M. Wannaz, G. Folkers for W.I.R.E.), December 2011; Trends, theories, and catchphrases about the future on flashcards, summarizes the most important developments in the fields of economics, demographics, sociology, technology, politics, ecology, and social modeling.

Morus, Tomas: Utopia, 1516 Munnecke, Max / van der Lugt, Remko: “Future Mapping” Musée d´Art Moderne Luxembourg: “Tomorrow Now - Education Box” Norman, Don: “The design of future things”, 2007 Orange Labs: “Living Maps”, Paris, 2009 Orsema, Eric: “Die Zukunft des Wassers”, 2010 Orwell, George: “1984”, 1949 Petruschat, Jörg: “Wicked problems”, 2011

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Plattner, Hasso (Hrsg.), Meinel, Christoph (Hrsg.), Leifer, Larry (Hrsg.): “Design Thinking: Understand - Improve - Apply (Understanding Innovation)”, 2010 Raford, Noah: “From Design fiction to experimental futures” Rifkin, Jeremy: “The Third Industrial Revolution”, An insider’s account of the next great economic era, including a look into the personalities and players — heads of state, global CEOs, social entrepreneurs, and NGOs — who are pioneering its implementation around the world.

Ritchey, Tom: “Wicked Problems – Structuring Social Mess with Morphological Analysis”, 2011 Rittel, Horst W. J./Webber, Melvin M.: ”Dilemmas in a General Theory of Planning”, Policy Sciences 4: page 155, 1973 Schwartz, Peter: “Learnings from the Long View”, 2010 shares GBN’s mistakes as well as successes and what Peter got right in the the original The Art of the Long View, (e.g., the rise of the global teenager, two out of the three original scenarios) and wrong (e.g., the power of the nascent Web). Finally, Peter looks forward once more— examining the next great global driving force (hint:more troubling than teenagers) and constructing three scenarios for the year 2025.

Shedroff / Noessel: “Make it so - interaction design lessons from science fiction” Design Report 7/8 1995 Stürzebecher, Jörg: “Max und Moritz im All”, Design Report 7/8 1995, page 68-71 Thaler, Richard H. / Sunstein, Cass R. “Nudge: Improving Decisions About Health, Wealth, and Happiness”, Yale University Press, 2008 Thompson, Michael: “Welche Gesellschaftsklassen sind potent genug, anderen ihre Zukunft aufzuoktroyieren?”, from: “Design der Zukunft” by Lucius Burckhardt, , Internationales Design Zentrum Berlin (Hrsg.), 1987; Comparison of general planning in society with makeshifted developments of single individuals by building frames, scenarios and creating personas with specified characteristics Van Dusen Wishard, William: “Between Two Ages: The 21st Century and the Crisis of Meaning”, 2003 Van Hinte, Ed: “Eternally yours: visions on product endurance”, 010 publishers, Wilkinson, Lawrence: “How to build scenarios”, 2009 Wiseman, Richard: “59 Seconds: Think a Little, Change a Lot”, 2010

projects and persons • • • • • • • • • • •

“Astropolis: The First Space Resort”, in Playboy, November, 1968 “Cloud Cities” by Thomas Sarrazeno “Drop City” “Faked Meat project” by Marije Vogelzang “Form follows vision” by Joe Colombo Isaac Asimov Mark Lombardi “Micro Utopias” by Daniela Dossi “Positive NY Times” by The Yes Men tate.org.uk/whats-on/tate-modern/conference/future-imperfect “Wearable Futures”, in: anothermag.com/current/view/3239/Wearable_Futures

websites and institutions • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •

betterymagazine.com Deutscher Zukunftspreis fao.org Fraunhofer Institut future.arte.tv/de gbn.com iknowfutures.eu livingtomorrow.com MIT Media Lab longnow.org nearfuturelaboratory.com project.cyberpunk.ru/idb/scifi.html resilientcity.org scifiinterfaces.com thecreatorsproject.vice.com thevenusproject.com trendtablet.com trendwatching.com

for the lost boys and girls

GLOSSARY Future

Perspective a period of time that is to come

Scenario

1. a summary of the plot of a play, etc, including information about its characters, scenes, etc

2. a predicted sequence of events > letâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s try another scenario, involving the demise of democracy Science Fiction

a particular way of considering something Perception

a belief or opinion, often held by many people and based on how things seem (Source: diffirent digital dicionaries dictionary.cambridge.or britannica.com and wikipedia.org/wiki)

a form of fiction that deals principally with the impact of actual or imagined science upon society or individuals

Perspection

Utopia

Future Element

(the idea of) A perfect society in which everyone works well with each other and is happy.

A community or society possessing highly desirable or perfect qualities.

an information about a possible future event

a forecast

a new word combining the words perspective and perception

Dystopia

State in which the condition of life is extremely bad as from deprivation or oppression or terror.

A community or society, usually fictional, that is in some important way undesirable or frightening.

Often used to raise real-world issues regarding society, environment, politics, religion, psychology, spirituality, or technology that may become present in the future.

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research

FUTURE ELEMENT CARDS

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research

FUTURE ELEMENT CARDS

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EMOTION / HISTORY CARDS

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cards

SOURCES There are six main topics used to collect the data for the scenario building process. the fields politics economics social technology environment energy demographic The levels: 1 Wildcard Possible but unreliable event 2 Trend Expecting trends of the near future or breaker Event that will change or stop a trend 3 Fact Trustable, calculatable fact Habits Human beings have different habits and behaviors that make them act/react the way they do.

Maybe this behavior will change or maybe not. These cards or numbering as much as behavior or habits facts as we could find.

Ranking of the Habits and Forces The cards are ranked on reliability and on time.

The sources are all listed and numbered on the cards.

To work with this data, it has to be good communcated.For example to make this fact visable: ’population, 8 billion in 2025’. You can simply add, 12,5% more then today.

Sources

1 Robotic age poses ethical dilemma (http:/ / news. bbc. co. uk/ go/ pr/ fr/ -/ 1/ hi/ technology/ 6425927. stm), BBC News 2 Latest Forecast Results, TechCast (http:/ / www. techcast. org/ Forecasts. aspx) 3 2003 Robotic Nation (http:/ / www. marshallbrain. com/ roboticnation. htm), Marshall Brain 4 Interview: Helen Greiner, Chairman and Cofounder of iRobot, Corp, (http:/ / www. engadget. com/ 2004/ 08/ 02/ 5 Launching a new kind of warfare (http:/ / technology. guardian. co. uk/ weekly/ story/ 0,,1930960,00. html), Guardian Online 6 The Coming Merging of Mind and Machine (http:/ / www. kurzweilai. net/ articles/ art0063. html?printable=1), Ray Kurzweil 7 Interview with Arthur C. Clarke, November 30, 2001 (http:/ / www. kurzweilai. net/ meme/ frame. html?main=/ articles/ art0361. html) 8 Robots rule OK? (http:/ / news. bbc. co. uk/ 1/ hi/ programmes/ from_our_own_ correspondent/ 888059. stm), BBS News 9 Nistep Homepage (http:/ / www. nistep. go. jp/ ) 10 UIUC Agricultural Engineering | Faculty and Staff (http:/ / age-web. age. uiuc. edu/ faculty/

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teg/ Research/ BiosystemsAutomation/ AgRobots/ AgRobots. asp) 11 service-robots.org – agriculture & harvesting (http:/ / www. service-robots. org/ applications/ agriculture. htm) 12 Epic: Photo-realistic games in ‘10-15 years’ (http:/ / www. computerandvideogames. com/ 215714/ news/epicphoto-realistic-games-in-10-15-years/ ) 13 U.S. Census Bureau (http:/ / www. census. gov/ population/ international/ data/ idb/ worldpopgraph. php) 14 United Nations (http:/ / esa. un. org/ wpp/ Other-Information/ faq. htm#q3) 15 Population, Health and Human Wellbeing – Demographics: Life expectancy at birth, both sexes (http:/ / earthtrends. wri. org/ text/population-health/ variable379. html), Earthtrends database 16 The World in 2030 (http://www. andyross.net/world_2030.htm), Ray Hammond-20071121-001-ENv1. pdf), Ray Hammond 17 Shell Scenario, http://www.shell.com/ home/content/future_energy/scenarios/ 18 47% renewables in Germany, page 70, Atlas Demonde IBSN 978-3-937683-24-9 19 Prediction: $1 Trillion U.S. Carbon Market By 2020 (http:/ / www. environmentalleader. com/ 2008/ 02/16 prediction1-trillion-us-carbon-market-by-2020/ ) 20 2040 - Space-based solar power will be commercially viable http:/ / www. physorg. com/ news/ 2011-11-iaa-power-orbit. html 21 Shell Scenarios - computer modelling the future http://www.youtube.com/ watch?feature=player_ mbedded&v=fpyOP4cTJMc#!

22 Abrupt Ice Retreat Could Produce Ice-Free Arctic Summers by 2040 (http:/ / www. ucar. edu/ news/ releases/ 2006/ arctic. shtml), NCAR Press Release 23 Google driverless car http:// www.wired.com/autopia/2012/05/ google-autonomous-washington/ 24 Asteroid mining 2024 – Peter Diamandis, founder of Ansari X Prize, 2004 | Mark Baard, “ The Final Capitalist Frontier (http:/ / www. wired. com/ news/ space/ 0,2697,65729,00. html?tw=wn_1techhead)” (11.17.04).

26 Stephen hawking, series Brave New World, Biology 27 Stephen hawking, series Brave New World,Technology 28 Stephen hawking, series Brave New World, Environment 29 Stephen hawking, series Brave New World, Machines 30 Stephen hawking, series Brave New World, Health 31 foresight project by consultancy Social Technology www.nanowerk.com/ news/ newsid=3290. php replicas) 32 UN report Statistics about Water Statistics http://www.unwater.org/

statistics_pollu.html http://www.un-documents.net/index.htm 33 Our own experience 34 Our own conclusion 35 Trends of 2013 http://www.trendwatching.com/trends/10trends2013/ 36 Mitfahgelegenheit 37 ARTE 38 article x, Die Zeit 39 ZDF 40 Birgit Mager 41 plastic soup, ocean pollution http:// thecleanoceansproject.org/solution.php 42 World trend research, website from the book Between two Ages http://worldtrendsresearch. com/major-trends.php 43 Six Global trends by Ernst&Young report ‘Tracking Global Trends’ or http://www.ey.com/GL/en/Issues/ Business-environment/Six-globaltrends-shaping-the-business-world 44 men/woman density China 2030 http://www.worldlifeexpectancy. com/news/boys-without-girl 45 Expectations for China & India The Demographic Future” by Nicholas Eberstadt, Nov/Dec 2010 issue of Foreign Affairs magazine or http://www.forbes.com/sites/ china/2011/05/13/chinas-growingproblem-of-too-many-single-men/ 46 Trend Preppers: Doomsday Preppers 2012 - 2013 http:// channel.nationalgeographic.com/ channel/doomsday-preppers/ 47 Trend Preppers: Forum (dutch) preppers. nl/forum/archive/index.php/t-1507.html 48 Trend Preppers: Afl. 4 De Crisis Vechters (dutch) ( 00.25 -00.30 min) http://www.uitzendinggemist. nl/afleveringen/1296972 49 Believers in the end of the world https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=R2maPKYmq5w 50 ViP / Vision in Product Design ISBN: 978-90-6369-205-6 51 Blog optimalusability, refering the book Nudge 52 Blog optimalusability, refering the book Drive 53 Blog optimalusability, refering the book 59 seconds http://www.optimalusability. com/2010/12/19-interesting-factsabout-human-behaviour/ 54 Mobile phones expose human habits BBC (reality mining) http://news.bbc. co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/7433128.stm 55 Article from the writer making habits braking habits http://www.spring. org.uk/2011/04/10-psychologicaleffects-of-nonsexual-touch.php 56 Inventor of the DNS system, 2004 Net pioneer predicts web future (http:/

/ news. bbc. co. uk/ 2/ hi/ technology/ 3832527. stm), BBC News 57 World oil supplies are set to run out faster than expected, warn scientists (2007) (http:/ / www. independent. co. uk/ news/ science/world-oil-supplies-are-setto-run-out-faster-than-expected-warn-scientists-453068. html), The Independent 58 How Older Parenthood Will Upend American Society http://www.newrepublic.com/article/politics/ magazine/110861/how-older-parenthood-will-upend-american-society# 59 Sci-Fi movie Gattaca 1997 60 Google Drive (safe storage online) https://drive.google.com/#my-drive 61 http://www.trendtablet.com 62 http://www.designboom.com 63 http://design-milk.com 64 http://www.tomassaraceno.com 65 Ernest Callenbach : “Ecotopia” (1975), ISBN-13: 978-0553348477 66 http://betterymagazine.com 67 “Mit offenen Karten - Konflikte 2013”, ARTE, 2012, https://www.youtube. com/watch?v=0oe19WMiWJA 68 http://www.youtube.com/ tch?NR=1&v=E2h5mpmSoc4 69 http://rookiemag.com/2013/01/ immortality-a-life-plan/ 70 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experimental_Prototype_Community_ of_Tomorrow_(concept) 71 http://www.wired.com 72 http://www.imdb.com/video/imdb/ vi2739734297/ / http://www.trendwatching.com/rends/11trends2011/#madefor 73 http://www.olympic.org/olympic-games 74 Die Zeit, 6.12.2012, page 24, “Wohnen im Schließfach” by Claudia Steinberg 75 Die Zeit, 5.7.2012, “Unsere Mitbürger” by Hilal Sezgin / Will Kymlicka: “Zoopolis”, 2012 76 Die Zeit, 5.7.2012, “Vor dem nächsten Sprung” by Angela Köckritz 77 Die Zeit, 11.10. 2012, “Wie wir morgen Auto fahren” by Dirk Asendorpf / http://www.trendwatching.com/ trends/madebetterinchina/ 78 Le Monde Diplomatique: Fleischatlas, 01/2013 79 http://www.bundesdruckerei.de/en 80 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Gross_national_happiness; http:// www.ted.com/talks/nic_marks_ the_happy_planet_index.html 81 Richard Sennett: “The craftsman”, Yale University Press, 2008 / http://www. trendtablet.com/4810-handmade/ 81 http://riotgrrrlberlin.tumblr. com / http://rookiemag.com 82 http://allesrosa.tumblr.com / http://

pinterest.com / ... watch blog, guys.

83 http://www.trendtablet.com/13351a-multi-sensory-experience/ / http://studiolab.io.tudelft.nl/ dfe/multisensory.html 84 http://www.nytimes.com/2012/01/05/ opinion/internet-access-is-nota-human-right.html?_r=0 85 http://foodsharing.de / http:// www.wikihow.com/DumpsterDive / https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=vuD1oDth6es / 86 http://www.trendwatching.com/briefing/ 87 http://www.trendwatching.com/trends/ newism/ http://www.trendwatching. com/trends/11trends2011/#wellthy http://trendwatching.com/ ends/12trends2012/?diyhealth 88 http://www.trendwatching.com/tren ds/10trends2013/?appscriptions 89 http://www.trendwatching.com/ trends/10trends2013/?fullfront al / http://www.trendwatching.com/ nds/10trends2013/?presumers 90 http://www.trendwatching. com/trends/presumers/ 91 http://www.trendwatching.com/ trends/pointknowbuy/ 92 http://globallives.org 93 http://www.trendwatching.com/ trends/minitrends/#teenpreneurs / http://www.thestylerookie.com 94 http://www.trendwatching. com/trends/dealerchic/ 95 http://www.trendwatching.com/ trends/retailrenaissance/ 96 http://www.trendwatching.com/ nds/11trends2011/#ownerless 97 SOURCE LISA HAS TO FIND IT 98 http://trendwatching.com/trends /12trends2012/?ecocycology 99 http://trendwatching.com/trends/1 0trends2013/?mobilemoments 100 http://trendwatching.com/trend s/10trends2013/?celebrationna tion; http://www.harpersbazaar. com/fashion/fashion-articles/ top-spring-2013-trends#slide-23 101 http://trendwatching.com/trends/10tr ends2013/?newlifeinside; http://www. behance.net/gallery/SOL/1877097 102 https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=J7npn4zq1J4 103 http://realitycommons.media.mit.edu 104 http://www.frachautenormandie. org/expositions/expo_articles. php?idcat=1&article=176; http://witch-house.com 105 http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=7xCbvrObkmk 106 http://www.ted.com/talks/misha_ glenny_hire_the_hackers.html 107 “How we became post-human” 108

Style and the family tunes, winter 2010, page 135-140 “Total TV” by Max Celko 109 http://www.geschnackvoll.de/hamburgdie-kleiderei-eine-kleiderbucherei/; http://www.gemuesekiste.de 110 http://www.lohas.com; http:// www.sueddeutsche.de/leben/ die-wahrheit-ueber-lohas-egoistische-konsumguerilla-1.380373 111 http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=r8cG3kUyw74 112 “Living Maps” by Christophe Aguiton, Dominique Cardon & Zbiniew Smoreda 113 Helmut Holzapfel: “Verkehr und Verkabelung” from “Design der Zukunft”, ISBN 3770121465 114 fluter “Megacities”, September 2007 115 http://www.fraunhofer.de/en/researchtopics/information-communication/ display-projection-technologies.html; 116 http://www.fraunhofer.de/en/press/research-news/2010/05/mini-projector.html 117 Rafael Popper: “Identification of the Long-term S&T Prioities with the Use of “Wild Cards” Method: Experience of iKnow EU Project” 118 http://www.empire-me.net/?lang=en 119 http://www.asla.org/meetings/awards/ awds02/chicagocityhall.html 120 http://www.fraunhofer.de/de/fraunhoferforschungsthemen/fraunhofer-zukunftsthemen/assisted-personal-health.html 121 http://www.fraunhofer.de/de/ fraunhofer-forschungsthemen/ fraunhofer-zukunftsthemen/biofunktionale-oberflaechen.html 122 http://www.fraunhofer.de/de/ fraunhofer-forschungsthemen/ fraunhofer-zukunftsthemen/ dezentrales-wassermanagement. html; http://www.deus21.de 123 http://www.fraunhofer.de/de/ fraunhofer-forschungsthemen/ fraunhofer-zukunftsthemen/energieautarke-sensoren-sensornetze.html 124 http://www.fraunhofer.de/de/ fraunhofer-forschungsthemen/fraunhofer-zukunftsthemen/durchgaengigelokalisierungstechnologien.html 125 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Energy_harvesting 126 http://www.fraunhofer.de/de/fraunhoferforschungsthemen/fraunhofer-zukunftsthemen/energieeffizienter-altbau.html 127 http://www.fraunhofer.de/de/fraunhoferforschungsthemen/fraunhofer-zukunftsthemen/energiespeicher-im-netz.html 128 zitty Modebuch Berlin 2012/2013, page 98; http://ecofashionfriday.com/post/40833758573/ buy-less-choose-well-make-it-last 129 http://www.fraunhofer.de/de/fraunhoferforschungsthemen/fraunhofer-zukunftsthemen/food-chain-management.html 130 Wi-We DNA selecting February 2010 http://wiwe.iknowfutures. eu/bank/weak-signal/view/

dna-testing-and-social-engineering-on-the-rise-7/ 131 Wi-We Smart Drugs http://wiwe. iknowfutures.eu/bank/weak-signal/ view/increased-use-of-cognitiveenhancers-students-take-smart-drugsto-improve-alertness-and-attention-2/ 132 Wi-We Topsecret innovation http:// wiwe.iknowfutures.eu/bank/weaksignal/view/from-closed-innovationto-top-secret-innovation-1/ 133 China iPhone man commits suicide http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8162325.stm 134 Nervous Breakdown of Society http:// wiwe.iknowfutures.eu/bank/wild-card/ view/nervous-breakdown-of-society/ 135 All we ever wanted, documentary Sarah Mathilde Domogala http://allweeverwanted.com 136 Life controlled by your looks trend youngsters doing Botox http://jezalhetmaar.bnn.nl/zijn/thema/33 137 BMW carshareing system https://www.drive-now.com/ international?language=en_US&L=2 138 Resilient City Masdar http:// www.masdar.ae/en/#masdar 139 Labeling mental disorders http://www. youtube.com/watch?v=Wv49RFo1ckQ 140 Stop Labeling mental disorders article http://www.cchrint.org/ psychiatric-disorders/ 141 Malala Yousafzai, Pakistani girl | http:// www.guardian.co.uk/world/2013/ feb/04/malala-yousafzai-god-secondli | http://poy.time.com/2012/12/19/ runner-up-malala-yousafzai-the-fighter/ 142 Arctic could be ice-free by 2020, beating predictions by 30 years (http:/ / www. ethical-insight. com/ articles/ 941/ ) 143 Russian Moon base First moonbase 2030 - Russian plans (2011) (http:/ / in. reuters. com/ article/ 2011/ 10/ 18/ idINIndia-59970520111018) 144 Power to the People (dutch) documentary of Tegenlicht http://tegenlicht.vpro.nl/afleveringen/2012-2013/ power-to-the-people.html 145 Why consumers are increasingly willing to trade data for personalization http:// www.digitaltrends.com/social-media/ why-consumers-are-increasingly-willingto-trade-data-for-personalization/ 146 Personalization is Becoming a Reality across the Hospitality Industry http://www.marketmetrix.com/en/ default.aspx?s=research&p=Per sonalization_BecomingReality 147 Forbes 13 trends of 2013 http://www.forbes.com/sites/ marketshare/2012/12/18/ lucky-thirteen-trends-for-2013/ 148 Examples of the Customization trend (2011 in luxoury products http:// www.trendhunter.com/slideshow/ mass-customization-top-18-thingsyou-can-personalize#2 149 Nerd Trend http://www.squidoo. com/nerd-style-fashion 150

http://www.kew.org/scienceconservation/save-seed-prosper/ millennium-seed-bank/index.htm 151 “Food for the city” by NAi Publishers/Stroom Den Haag 152 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon_tax 153 Mitteschön, “Die Metropole der Zukunft” 154 https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=Sk3kx9hPoHQ 155 Birgit Mager: “Grenzen verschwimmen und verschwinden” 156 http://www.zeit.de/2012/07/C-Landarzt 157 http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=HxKJyeCRVek 158 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Many-worlds_interpretation; http:// en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiverse 159 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lookism 160 http://blogs.mcafee.com/mcafee-labs/ the-future-of-hacktivism-and-anonymous 161 http://www.theweek.co.uk/politics/25333/ pros-and-cons-assisted-suicide; 162 http://www.altenergy.org/renewables/solar.html 163 http://www.nytimes.com/2012/09/23/ technology/data-centers-waste-vastamounts-of-energy-belying-industryimage.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 164 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_ fusion; http://www.ted.com/talks/steven_ cowley_fusion_is_energy_s_future.html 165 http://news.discovery.com/ space/tags/space-travel.htm 166 http://www.economist.com/ node/13354332 167 http://www.idz.de/en/sites/1368.html 168 http://www.getlocavore.com 169 http://www.windowfarms.com; http:// www.urbangardensweb.com 170 http://bloesem.blogs.com 171 http://www.lohas.com 172 http://betahaus.de 173 http://secondlife.com 174 http://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Viral_marketing 175 http://ori.dhhs.gov/education/products/n_ illinois_u/datamanagement/dotopic.html 176 http://www.glamourmagazine. co.uk/beauty-and-hair/celebrity/ hair/2012/01/hair-trend-greycolour#!image-number=15 177 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No-go_area 178 http://www.forbes.com/sites/ kenrapoza/2011/09/05/within-ageneration-china-middle-classfour-times-larger-than-americas 179 http://www.fbi.gov/about-us/ investigate/cyber 180 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/

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SOURCES Military-digital_complex; http://books. google.co.ukbooks?hl=en&lr=&id=lVb Q4AxfYaMC&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=wa rfare+in+cyberspace&ots=OGw1o zPIlE&sig=-6gOJl7CcakbYhrxDbBf Dgts7Y0#v=onepage&q&f=false 181 http://www.epa.gov/hiri/ 182 http://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=r8Ff1Xj_-eM 183 http://www.permaculture.org/ nm/index.php/site/index/ 184 http://www.verticalfarm.com 185 http://www.guardian.co.uk/science/2011/ dec/28/exotic-creatures-deep-sea-vent 186 Western Europe has the worldwide highest risk of radioactive contamination caused by major reactor accidents 187 http://www.spiegel.de/international/world/ atomic-deserts-a-survey-of-the-world-sradioactive-no-go-zones-a-756369.html 188 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyborg 189 http://www.manila.diplo. de/contentblob/3340694/ Daten/925084/E_pass_Flyer_en.pdf 190 http://wiwe.iknowfutures.eu/bank/ wild-card/view/united-kingdomleaving-the-european-union/ 191 http://wiwe.iknowfutures. eu/bank/wild-card/view/ further-catastrophic-events/ 192 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_source 193 http://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Crowd_funding 194 http://webmarketingtoday.com/ articles/viral-principles/ 195 “From Products to Services: Selling performance instead of good” by Walter R. Stahel 196 http://www.fraunhofer.de/de/fraunhofer-forschungsthemen/informationkommunikation/embedded-systems/ elektronik-in-textilien.html 197 http://www.fraunhofer.de/de/fraunhofer-forschungsthemen/fraunhoferzukunftsthemen/visual-analytics.html 198 http://www.fraunhofer.de/de/ fraunhofer-forschungsthemen/ fraunhofer-zukunftsthemen/GreenPowertrain-Technologies.html 199 http://www.fraunhofer.de/de/fraunhoferforschungsthemen/fraunhofer-zukunftsthemen/hybride-materialstrukturen.html 200 http://www.fraunhofer.de/de/fraunhoferforschungsthemen/fraunhofer-zukunftsthemen/licht-aus-festkoerpern.html 220 120 - 911 World Trade Center http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ World_Trade_Center 221 Global Climate Chang by United Nations Environment Programme http:// www.unep.org/climatechange/ 222 A students guide to Global Climate Change, website for children explaning the change. http://www.epa.gov/climatestudents/basics/index.html 223

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Movie Pirate Bay - TPB AFK http://watch.tpbafk 224 facebook-party Netherlands http://www. telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/europe/ netherlands/9559868/Facebook-partyleads-to-riots-in-Dutch-town.html or http://www.spiegel.de/panorama/gesellschaft/facebook-party-in-holland-eskalation-bei-polizeieinsatz-a-857316.html 225 Women/girls in gangs, their role in mixed gangs and female gangs. http://www. essortment.com/girls-gangs-50046.html 226 Women/girls in gangs, their role in mixed gangs and female gangs. warningside for parents http://www. nssc1.org/girls-and-gangs.html 227 Made in prison, inspired by freedom; fashion made in prison, Netherlands http://stripesclothing.com/home/ 228 Dutch article studenst work for them selves 3% / international 2% http://www. nu.nl/economie/3364076/drie-procentnederlandse-studenten-ondernemer. html 127 http://wwf.panda.org/ about_our_earth/biodiversity/biodiversity/ 229 Startrek and african american actors http://www.startrek.com/ database_article/uhura 230 couchsurfing https://www. couchsurfing.org/ 231 The major expected events of 2013 (dutch) documentary of Tegenlicht, ‘2013’ http://www.uitzendinggemist.nl/afleveringen/1320775 232 Nick Bostroom, Future of Humanity Oxford University in the documentary of Tegenlicht, ‘2013’ http://www.uitzendinggemist.nl/afleveringen/1320775 233 Jim Rogers, investor, in the documentary of Tegenlicht, ‘2013’ http://www.uitzendinggemist.nl/afleveringen/1320775 234 Pessimistic Schäuble Changes Tune: Finance Minister Says Euro-Crisis Worst Is Over http://www.spiegel.de/ international/europe/german-financeminister-schaeuble-says-worstover-in-euro-crisis-a-874934.html 235 president Xi http://europe.chinadaily.com.cn/china/2013-03/21/ content_16326613.htm 236 Interview with the director of Semco about his business vision, in the (dutch) documentary of Tegenlicht, De kapitale kracht van geluk http://www.uitzendinggemist.nl/afleveringen/1323461 237 Selective Perception : References Hastorf and Cantril (1954), Wilson and Abrams (1977) http:// changingminds.org/explanations/ theories/selective_perception.htl 238 Automatic Believing ResearchGilbert, Tafarodi and Malone (1993 - research - ask people to read crime reports and recommend prison sentences, including some false statements which were marked in red to indicate them as such. In normal situations, they were not affected by the false statements.

However, when they were overloaded by additional work, the false statements affected their judgment.

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