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SCIENCE ✚ PEOPLE✚APPS ✚PHOTOS A REALLY OLD CHRISTMAS TREE SCIENCE✚ANIMALS✚PUZZLES✚PEOPLE✚APPS✚PHOTOS✚BOOKS✚SPORT✚A

THE WORLD’S BEST

ENTERTAINMENT

Find out what’s on this Christmas

NEWS & FACTS FOR YOUNG PEOPLE

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NEWS

Huge sapphire goes on show in Sri Lanka p7

HOW TO

Make a 3D reindeer head p25

Making sense of the world

18 December 2021 Issue 314 theweekjunior.co.uk ●

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This week’s big news Poetry for human rights

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Pupils in schools across Greater Manchester, in England, celebrated Human Rights Day on 10 December by writing poems. More than 250 young people sent in poems. They wrote about the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, a list of 30 human rights that everyone should have. The Mayor of Greater Manchester, Andy Burnham, said, “I am incredibly proud of our young people who are the pioneers in creating human rights change so all of us can benefit from a better quality of life.”

You can read some of the poems online by visiting poeticdeclaration.org

Tibetan activists protest outside the Olympic headquarters in Switzerland.

Winter Olympics protest planned A

ustralia, Canada, the UK and the US have said that their politicians will not go to the Beijing Winter Olympic Games. China is hosting the Games early next year. The countries said their politicians are staying away because the Chinese government has committed human rights abuses (treated some of its people cruelly and unfairly). Japan is also considering withdrawing its politicians from the event. Athletes from the countries will still compete.

When are the Winter Olympics?

The Winter Olympic Games are due to take place in and around China’s capital, Beijing, from 4 to 20 February, 2022. The Paralympic Winter Games are scheduled for 4 to 13 March. The games include snow sports, such as skiing and snowboarding, as well as ice sports like ice hockey. It is one of the world’s biggest winter sports events.

Why are countries avoiding the Games?

Politicians from several countries, including the UK, are boycotting the Games (deliberately staying away in protest) because they accuse the Chinese government of carrying out human rights abuses against its citizens. These include the terrible treatment of the Uyghurs (pronounced WEE-guhrs), a group of people who live in north-west China,

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most of whom follow the religion of Islam; people from Tibet and people from Hong Kong. People are also concerned for the safety of a Chinese tennis player called Peng Shuai. They are worried that Shuai may not be able to speak or move freely in the country after she accused a top member of the ruling Chinese Communist Party of behaving inappropriately towards her. treati China denies all the accusations of treating people badly.

often beaten. China says the centres are for education and training purposes and that no abuse takes place in them.

What was the reaction?

The US said it was boycotting the Games to send a message to China that it did not agree with the reats people. The US has previously way it treats stated that China’s treatment of Uyghur and other Muslim people is a form of genocide and a crime against humanity. Genocide is the What is happening to deliberate attempt to destroy a the Uyghurs? group or race of people and is The Uyghurs live in considered a crime against Xinjiang, which is a region humanity, which is an in north-west China. organised attack on a Several reports have said group of citizens. the Chinese government A spokesperson for has sent more than one US president Joe Biden said, million Uyghur people and “We will not be contributing to other Muslims to specially built the fanfare of the Games.” China said camps where they are treated Peng Shuai the US should stop turning sports into badly and made to work. Children are politics. When the UK Prime Minister Boris Johnson separated from their parents and sent to boarding said that no ministers (senior politicians) from the schools. In the camps, the people are forced to UK would go to the Games, China said it had not learn Mandarin (the official language of China), invited them anyway. are stopped from practising their religion, and are

The Week Junior • 18 December 2021

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This week’s big news

First steps to end decades-long war

People look for belongings.

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he South Korean president Moon Jae-in has said that North and South Korea, along with China and the US, have agreed “in principle” (an agreement that hasn’t yet become a reality) to formally end the Korean War. Fighting between North and South Korea lasted from 1950 to 1953 and caused around 2.5 million deaths. China backed North Korea and the US backed South Korea. Although the fighting ended, the two sides remained enemies and in 1954 they marked out a boundary line between them.

During his presidency, Moon has made it his main aim to talk to North Korea and officially declare peace between the two nations. He will not run for president in the next election in March 2022, which means he has until spring to agree a deal.

On 13 December, Moon gave a speech in Australia in which he admitted that the biggest hold-up was that North Korea wouldn’t agree to talks while the US remained unfriendly to them. There are 28,500 US troops stationed in South Korea, which North Korea finds threatening. China (a long-time friend to North Korea) is said to want a peace deal too. The US and South Korea are in the process of drawing up the peace declaration.

President Moon Jae-in

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tragedy”. Many of them were at work in a candle ornadoes and storms have hit the US, leaving factory near the city of Mayfield, Kentucky. tens of thousands of people without power. Many The president declared a major disaster people are injured and some have died. in Kentucky, which meant more money The storms tore through the central and other help could be given to states, including Arkansas, Illinois, the state. Biden said, “Whatever Kentucky, Missouri, Mississippi is needed, the government is and Tennessee. going to supply it,” as a massive Kentucky was one of the rescue operation began. worst-affected states. It was A tornado is a violent wind hit by a tornado that had storm made of a tall column travelled 227 miles, flattening of air that spins very fast. As it towns and buildings as it went. rushes across the land it can flip Andy Beshear, the state governor, Aid being cars and destroy houses. In the US, told the US news network CNN, “The distributed. the main tornado season is in the spring, devastation is unlike anything I have when the weather is warmer. Extreme weather seen in my life.” scientist Victor Gensini said that it was very unusual At least 74 people died in Kentucky, which the US for tornadoes to happen in December. president Joe Biden described as an “unimaginable

IT’S AN AMAZING WEEK FOR…

ENDANGERED SIBERIAN TIGERS

ON THE COVER: TOMOHIRO · BBC · REX SHUTTERSTOCK · TESSA SILLARS POWELL. ON THIS PAGE: GETTY IMAGES · DAVID LAKE/RFK HUMAN RIGHTS UK · REUTERS, SWNS · CAROLYN HARDWICK · ALAMY

A 101-YEAR-OLD CHRISTMAS TREE

An artificial Christmas tree has been decorated by the same family for the 101st year. The tiny The tree is 101 tree stands in Kay years old.

Ashton’s kitchen in her home in Sheffield, England.

Her grandmother bought it in 1920.

Ashton said her grandmother would be “absolutely flabbergasted” to hear it was still going strong.

18 December 2021 • The Week Junior

Liam’s friends.

SUPPORTING A FRIEND

Two Siberian tiger cub twins, also known as Amur tigers, have been born at Banham Zoo in Norfolk, England. It is hoped that the arrival of the female and male cubs – who have not yet been named – will help to protect the endangered species from extinction. There are only around 500 Siberian tigerss living g in the e wild d.

The twins play.

Ten boys have shown support for a friend with cancer by shaving their heads. The Year 9 students at Outwood Academy Hasland Hall, in Derbyshire, England, wanted to do something special for 13-year-old Liam while he has treatment for cancer. They have raised more than £5,000 for the Teenage Cancer Trust.

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UK news Booster plan launched

Boris Johnson faced questions in Parliament about the parties.

A queue for jabs.

Boris Johnson announced that lots more people would be offered booster vaccinations to tackle the Omicron variant of coronavirus by the end of December. A booster dose of the vaccine gives people who have had the first two doses extra protection against becoming seriously ill. Johnson said the plan is to offer every adult a booster by the end of the month.

It is hoped that a million people a day will be vaccinated, even on Christmas Day.

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PM questioned about breakingrules

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rime Minister Boris Johnson is facing an investigation into whether his staff broke the rules last Christmas by going to Christmas parties.

What happened?

wning Street, where Johnson lives. Johnson Downing has not denied the party happened but said “all guidance was followed”. He apologised for the offence caused by the video and Stratton resigned.

Johnson has ordered an investigation into four events in December 2020 that might have broken the rules.

The Government imposed a lockdown in England in November 2020 to tackle coronavirus. By 16 Labour leader December 2020, the rules in London What has the reaction been?

Keir Starmer. meant that people were not allowed to Louis, a 19-year-old student from Wales, mix indoors with anyone outside their household said, “It’s one rule for them and another rule for the or support bubble. People weren’t allowed to meet rest of us.” Steve Baker, a Conservative Member of up or join their families for Christmas. On 7 December Parliament (MP), said, “The public should be able to this year, a video emerged in which Johnson’s staff, have confidence that there’s one set of rules which including his spokesperson Allegra Stratton, joked apply equally to everybody.” Labour party leader Sir about a party that happened last December at 10 Keir Starmer said Johnson had not been truthful in

OF WORD THE WEEK

XMAS We may think of Xmas as modern abbreviation for Christmas but it has been used since the 16th century. It represents the Greek letter chi, written as X, which is the first letter in the Greek word, meaning “Christ”. The “mas” part of both Xmas and Christmas comes from an old word for “mass”, a church service.

explaining the gatherings. “The Prime Minister now needs to come clean and apologise,” he said.

What happened next?

On 14 December, MPs voted on the Government’s new plan B restrictions, including mandatory face masks in shops in England. Almost 100 Conservative MPs voted against the Government’s plans. It was the biggest rebellion against the Prime Minister during his time in office and a sign that many MPs are unhappy with Johnson’s leadership. A by-election in North Shropshire was due to take place on 16 December, after The Week Junior went to press. A by-election happens when a region loses its MP between general elections (when the whole country votes). The MP for North Shropshire has always been Conservative but polls showed that the Liberal Democrats might win.

THIS WEEK IN HISTORY 19 December 1984 UK agrees to return Hong Kong to China British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher and Chinese leader Zhao Ziyang signed an agreement that would return Hong Kong to Chinese rule in 1997. Hong Kong is a region on the south-east coast of China. It was given to the UK from 1898 to 1997, during which time it was under the UK Government’s control. The agreement said Hong Kong would be part of China again but would have the right to govern itself for the following 50 years.

Thatcher and Zhao agree the handover.

The Week Junior • 18 December 2021

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UK news The chimney is demolished.

BIG R WINrraNyEhas won

e u Andy M rsonality of th e e r Sports P ree times, mo h . t e r ls a Ye yone e than an

Power station is blown up

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he last coal-fired power station in Scotland has been demolished in a controlled explosion. The 182-metre chimney of the Longannet power station in Fife was blown up on 9 December. It closed in 2016. Scotland’s First Minister Nicola Sturgeon said, “Today’s event is a symbolic reminder that we have ended coal-fired power generation.” She added that she wanted half of the country’s power to come from renewable energy (such as solar and wind) by 2030.

Tom Daley

Marazion in Cornwall.

Sarah Storey

Emma Raducanu

SPOTY shortlist announced

has been announced for the 2021 BBC Town’s bid to become a city TheSportsshortlist Personality of the Year Award. The Sports he small town of Marazion in Cornwall, England,

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UK PARLIAMENT · REX SHUTTERSTOCK · ALAMY · SCOTTISHPOWER · GETTY IMAGES · BBC · RSPCA

is making a bid to become a city. If successful, the town would be the smallest city in the UK as it has almost 1,500 residents. Marazion is hoping to become a new city as part of an award to mark the Queen’s Platinum Jubilee in 2022. Residents say it would be good for business and attract more tourists. One of Marazion’s most notable features is St Michael’s Mount, a castle on an island off its coast.

A rescued seal pup.

Seal pups start to recover

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team at the RSPCA East Winch wildlife centre in Norfolk, England, have rescued 15 baby seals who were separated from their mothers during the recent storms. The seal pups are between 10 days and two weeks old and have been named after famous artists, including the graffiti artist Banksy. The centre will look after the seal pups, feeding them fish soup and mackerel until they are ready to be released back into the wild in a few months.

18 December 2021 • The Week Junior

Olympics and Paralympics in Tokyo, Japan. Daley won his first gold medal in Tokyo, at his fourth Olympics.

He also won a bronze medal, to become the first Personality of the Year (SPOTY) award is given out British diver to win four Olympic medals. Peaty every year to the sportsperson who has achieved the became the first British swimmer to defend an most, according to a public vote. It is one of a few Olympic title and cyclist Storey became awards handed out during a ceremony to Britain’s most successful Paralympian celebrate the year in sports. of all time, with 17 gold medals This year’s nominees are Tom across eight Games.

Daley, Tyson Fury, Adam Peaty, Footballer Raheem Sterling Emma Raducanu, Raheem was part of the England team Sterling and Sarah Storey. that reached the final of the Raducanu, who is 19 years men’s Euro 2020 tournament. old, became the first British It was the England men’s woman to win a Grand Slam team’s first major final for 55 tennis event since 1977, years. Sterling scored three goals when she won the US Open along the way and was named in in September.

The BBC SPOTY the team of the tournament. He was The four big tennis competitions presenters. also part of a Manchester City team that each year (the US Open, Wimbledon, the won the Premier League title. Fury, who is a boxer, French Open and the Australian Open) are called the held on to his world championship title in October, Grand Slams. Raducanu was 18 years old at the time. after defeating the US fighter Deontay Wilder.

She was ranked 150th in the world and had to play The public will be able to vote during a live three qualifying rounds to enter the tournament.

Daley, Peaty and Storey competed at the Summer television show on 19 December December.

THE WEEK’S SILLIEST HEADLINE “Woman shocked to fifind nd her guinea pig had eaten her fringe while she slept” Metro Me

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Around the world Paris, France Silk dinosaurs light up Paris

Ireland Vaccine for under-11s

A new exhibition of hand-painted silk sculptures in the Jardin des Plantes, a park in Paris, shows how dinosaurs developed. Starting 3,700 million years ago, the show is a journey through time up to the present day, with birds and mammals that have dinosaur ancestors. Exhibits include flying a 27-metre tyrannosaur, a fl ying raptor and a stegosaurus.

Young people between the ages of five and 11 will be offered Covid-19 vaccinations in Ireland. Although some may get their jab in December, most doses are expected to be given out in January 2022. Young people in Ireland between the ages of 12 and 15 have been able to get vaccinated since August. The injections will have a lower dose than the one given to older children.

Jamaica Tributes for famous musician

Robbie Shakespeare, an important Jamaican musician, has died aged 68 in hospital in Florida, in the US. Jamaica’s culture minister, Olivia Grange, said Shakespeare was one of the country’s greatest musicians. Shakespeare played the bass guitar with drummer Sly Dunbar in the reggae band Sly & Robbie. He won two Grammy awards.

Robbie Shakespeare

Baghdad, Iraq Gilgamesh tablet returned to Iraq

The tablet.

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Lalibela, Ethiopia Rebels take over town

On 12 December, the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF) captured the historic town of Lalibela, in northern Ethiopia. Lalibela is famous for its churches carved from single pieces of rock. The Ethiopian government and the TPLF have been fighting for more than a year and thousands of people have died. The UK government has called for the war to end to help local people who aren’t involved in fighting.

A church in Lalibela carved from rock.

The Week Junior • 18•December 2021

CHINA LIGHT FESTIVAL BV/SICHUAN TIANYU CULTURE COMMUNICATION CO · REX SHUTTTERSTOCK · REWILD · ALAMY

The US has returned an ancient clay tablet that was stolen from an Iraqi museum during the Gulf War in 1990. The Gilgamesh tablet is one of the oldest surviving works of literature and was inscribed 3,500 years ago. The text is part of a poem called The Epic of Gilgamesh. The US is due to return another 17,000 stolen objects to Iraq.

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Around the world Turkey “Extinct” fish spotted

Scientists have spotted the freshwater Batman River loach for the first time in 50 years. They had assumed that the yellow and brown striped fish had become extinct. However, while looking in the Batman and Ambar rivers, Turkish university researchers found 14 fish in shallow waters.

Dr Cüneyt Kaya said, “When I saw the distinctive bands on the fish, I felt so happy. It was a perfect moment.”

India Farmers call off year-long protests

After fresh promises from the government, farmers in India have started to head home after calling off protests that have lasted for 13 months. The farmers had been protesting over laws that said the government would no longer pay a minimum price for their goods. In November, the government said that it would scrap the laws.

The Batman River loach.

The mass protests have ended.

Hong Kong Democracy activists sent to prison

A former newspaper owner in Hong Kong called Jimmy Lai has been sent to prison with seven other activists for taking part in a memorial. The memorial was for those who were killed by the Chinese government in Tiananmen Square in Beijing, China, in 1989. Lai was found guilty on 9 December and sentenced to 13 months in prison.

Jimmy Lai

New Zealand Tobacco ban announced to cut smoking

Sri Lanka Huge gem on display

The sapphire stone.

18 December 2021 • • The Week Junior

A stone thought to be the world’s largest natural sapphire has gone on display in Sri Lanka. Before it was unveiled, Buddhist monks chanted over the stone. Experts in precious stones say the sapphire is also one of the world’s rarest. It weighs 310 kilograms and was found in a pit three months ago. International organisations haven’t yet officially said how pure the sapphire is.

New Zealand’s government has announced new laws to ban smoking for the next generation. Under the plans, people who are 14 or younger will never be allowed to buy cigarettes or tobacco. This is part of the country’s attempt to reduce smoking. The health minister called it “a historic day for the health of our people”.

New Zealand is aiming for a “smoke-free” generation.

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The big debate

Should all shows be“pay what youcan”?

At some venues people decide how much to pay for tickets.

What you need to know ● In spring 2021, Battersea Arts Centre, a venue (a place where shows are put on) in south-west London, introduced “pay what you can” for all its shows. In other words, people can decide what they can afford to spend on a ticket. ● Tarek Iskander, who is Battersea Arts Centre’s artistic director, said, “The reason we’re doing this is very simple: we believe that everyone should be able to be a part of the incredible work we programme, regardless of their ability to pay.”

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rts venues, such as theatres, cinemas and opera houses, lost a lot of money during the pandemic when they closed. The public missed out, too, because people couldn’t go to shows. Going to a show, especially around Christmas, is a treat. The excitement starts as the lights dim and the heavy curtain rises. However, tickets can be very expensive: for example, it can cost more than £100 for a ticket to see Harry Potter and the Cursed Child at the Palace Theatre in London. Even when shows are not as costly, many people cannot afford the ticket prices, so they miss out. Some places are trying to make sure that nobody is left out because of cost by asking audiences to pay what they can afford. What do you think? Should all shows be “pay what you can”?

Listen to our podcast to hear Bex from Fun Kids radio and SH W three of The Week Junior team bring this big debate to life. You’ll find it at tinyurl.com/TWJpodcast Junior

LAST WEEK’S POLL

Last week, we asked if all school students should study the classics. Due to a technical 43% glitch, the poll wasn’t YES online for long (sorry!) but the final result was largely a no to compulsory Latin.

57% NO

WHATDOYOUTHINK? 8

The opes, built in Athenught Dionysu 500BC, is thoest in Greece, the world’s old e to b theatre.

Pay what you can to see Battersea Arts Centre’s festive show.

Yes – arts and culture should be open to all

In the 17th century, when Shakespeare was writing his plays, everyone from aristocrats to servants went to the theatre. The cheapest ticket at the Globe Theatre in London was one penny. This is how shows should be: open to everyone, no matter how much they earn.

Pay what you can is in the spirit of Shakespeare’s time, and it opens the arts to all. It also embraces the fact that many arts venues are a type of charity. From the Royal Lyceum Theatre in Edinburgh to the Royal Opera House (ROH) in London, these venues are charitable companies that provide public benefit and promote culture. Many venues, including the ROH, receive public money. Just as they receive, they should freely give so that everyone is included.

Three reasons why all shows

YES should be pay what you can

1

Arts and culture should be available to all, no matter your income or background. Pay what you can opens the arts to everyone.

2

Many arts venues are charities and also get public money, so they should give back to the audiences.

3

Being open and inclusive may well lead people to give more money to the venues, so that more people can go to its shows.

No – it’s not a good idea for the arts

Society expects art for free: free galleries, free music to stream, free videos on YouTube. This leads to people expecting any art to be free. For some people “pay what you can” would mean “pay what you want to” – nothing. It is expensive to put on a show. If the audience wants to see a good show, they should pay a portion of what it costs to put on, including a fair wage for the performers, production team and the show’s creators, who work so hard. A survey by Arts Professional magazine found that many people avoid shows not because they are too expensive but because they don’t think they will enjoy themselves.

Arts venues should focus on making the best shows they can, and price the tickets to reflect the quality.

Three reasons why all shows

NO should not be pay what you can

1

People expect too much art content for free, and when everything is free it makes the work seem less valuable.

2

Research found that it’s not the price of a ticket that puts people off going to see a show but the thought that the show won’t be any good.

3

Staging a good show is an expensive operation and those who enjoy it should share in that cost and support the performers.

Now that you’ve read a bit more about it, tell us what you think by voting in our poll at theweekjunior.co.uk/polls.

Vote YES if you think that all shows should be “pay what you can”, or NO if you don’t. We’ll publish the results next week.

The aim of the Big debate page is to present two sides of an issue fairly and objectively, in order to stimulate discussion and allow our readers to make up their minds.

The views on the page do not reflect those of The Week Junior, and the page is not funded by third parties. The page is created in association with the English-Speaking Union, an educational charity helping young people discover their voice and realise their full potential. For more information, please see esu.org

The Week Junior • 18 December 2021

PIERS ALLARDYCE

● Other places that ask audiences to pay what they can include Bristol Culture, ARC in Stockton-on-Tees, both in England, and the Arcola Theatre in London.

MErSe of I T W O SH n-air Theat s,

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People

Sharing festive cheeratChristmas

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Lots of on Christmas to work ost of them Day – mre workers are ca nurses. and

Dave Gillingham has a special festive role to play.

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in between he will cook lunch for the ave Gillingham will be at work on pupils and staff. All the while, he says, Christmas Day. Luckily he loves his “I will be playing lots of loud Christmas job working at Headlands School, in music in the kitchen, wearing a Penarth, Wales. The school supports nta hat and singing loudly young people aged from seven to 19 Santa nd badly.” who have behavioural, emotional and Gillingham will be and social difficulties. joined on Christmas Day The school, near by his wife and three Cardiff, is run by the children. “To me,” he charity Action for says, “Christmas is Children and is all about spending residential, which time with people means that some you love, your pupils live there all friends and family.” year round.

However, several No two days are Gillingham works young people at the the same, Gillingham tells with animals. school haven’t got families The Week Junior. His work to go to, so Christmas can be quite a ranges from “cutting alpacas’ toenails” difficult time for them. “The staff and to teaching students how to cook I do our very best to make sure it’s an omelette using eggs laid by the as special for them as it can be,” says hens at the school. On Christmas Day, Gillingham, “With lots of lovely food Gillingham will start and end the day and festive fun.” feeding the animals at the school, and

ACTIONFORCHILDREN.ORG.UK · THANDIWE MURIU · ALAMY · GETTY IMAGES

One of Muriu’s Camo pictures.

Blend in and stand out W

hen she was growing up in Kenya, Thandiwe Muriu’s father taught her and her sisters many practical skills, such as how to change a car tyre.

There was one lesson that particularly stuck with her, though – how to use a camera. Muriu says that for her, photography was “the perfect blend of science and art”. She recently had an exhibition of her work on display in Paris, France. Called Camo, the pictures show models who blend into their background while also standing out from it. Muriu told the BBC that she wants a 10-year-old Kenyan girl to be able to look at the pictures and say, “That’s me.”

18 December 2021 • The Week Junior

Dave Gillingham dressed up as Santa.

The computer game genius

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ithout Masayuki Uemura, the world of video games would be very different. Uemura, who died aged 78 on 6 December, created early games consoles such as the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES) and the Super Nintendo Entertainment System (SNES). Both were huge successes. Uemura was born in Tokyo, Japan, in 1943 and joined Nintendo in 1972.

Video game journalist Ryan Brown said, “It is safe to say that Nintendo, video games and entertainment as a whole would not be what it is todayy without his monumental work.”

Masayuki Uemura

THEY SAID IT! “History must be made available to everyone and include everyone’s stories” Professor David Olusoga after after being awarded the President’s Medal by the British Academy for his contribution to the study of history.

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Animals and the environment Citizen scientists

T ANCIECNLES TENT-kAnown octopurse

Recruiting members of the public to get involved in scientific projects is not only a fun way to tell people more about how science works – it can also help scientists in projects that need to collect and sort through lots of data.

The Natural History Museum in London is looking for volunteers to help with several projects, such as investigating pond life; a big seaweed search; and the BioBlitz to measure the variety of wildlife in a certain area. You can find out more about what’s happening at tinyurl.com/TWJ-citizenscience

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Recording local wildlife.

A curled or lesser octopus.

Gene database could save octopuses

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esearchers at Aberystwyth University in Wales are leading an international project to build a database (a computerised set of information that other people can access) of octopus genes, which they hope will show where species are at risk.

Genes are instructions about a living thing’s characteristics that are passed down from its parents in strands of a complex chemical called DNA. Genes Professor Paul vary between individuals but all Shaw in the lab. members of a species share unique gene

ECO TIP WEEK

OF THE

HELP PETS GO GREEN

There are many joys to owning a pet – but just like us, our four-legged friends also have an impact on the planet. Fortunately, there are ways you can help.

Dogs and cats need meat in their diet, and meat production can be bad for the environment. You can still choose wisely, though. For example, why not suggest that whoever buys the food avoids beef, whose production does by far the most harm?

Whatever type of pet you have, take a look at how its food is packaged – maybe you can suggest buying

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features that distinguish them from others.

The new project aims to identify the species living in seas around the world using environmental DNA – strands of DNA that are shed by living things into their surroundings that get broken down over time. The plan is to recruit “citizen scientists” (volunteers from the public) who will collect and analyse seawater samples using special test kits.

This water will contain a mix of DNA bits from many living things, so the researchers will use computers to sift the data and spot the traces of octopus genes.

The scientists hope their database will help protect octopuses from overfishing by making it easier to track the species that live in certain areas. The past 60 years have seen a big rise in octopus fishing but because many types of octopus look almost identical, the types being caught aren’t properly recorded. This could mean too many of certain species are being taken from the sea, putting them at risk of extinction.

The team plan to develop an app that can identify where octopuses have come from and which are in danger from overfishing. Professor Paul Shaw, one of the lead scientists at Aberystwyth, explained that with this sort of tracking, octopus fishing can be managed in a sustainable way so that octopus populations aren’t endangered.

Buy dog food with your own reusable bags.

food in ways that create less waste.

Another easy change is to avoid buying plastic l toys – pets will en enjoy wooden orr fabric ones ju just as much. For more mo ideas from the th Wildlife Trust Trusts, visit tinyurl. com/TWJ-pe com/TWJ-petss

The Week Junior • 18 December 2021

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Animals and the environment T DESER ISTS Kemp’s ridley Animal SPgEdCrIoAugLhts, zebtrear of theweek sea turtle Durin can draw wa at f s e y h d c o n b fi own A colourful zebra finch.

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Birdsong helps chicks cool off

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On a day trip to Talacre beach in Clwyd, Wales, Ash and Samantha James spotted the world’s rarest sea turtle washed up on the sand. The creature was 4,700 miles from its usual home in the warm waters of the Gulf of Mexico. Experts have taken the turtle, nicknamed Raphael, to Anglesey Sea Zoo where it can recover. ● LIFESPAN: Up to 50 years old in the wild. ● HABITAT: They are mostly found in the Gulf of Mexico and the western Atlantic Ocean. ● DIET: They will eat most things but crabs are a favourite. ● SIZE: Up to 45 kilograms and 60 centimetres long. ● FUN FACT: Kemp’s ridleys are the only turtles that have a routine of nesting together during the day.

OOK AZ E

NATURE PICTURE LIBRARY · REX SHUTTERSTOCK · ABERYSTWYTH UNIVERSITY · ALAMY · SWNS · ZSL

Rainforests in Ecuador

Ecuador’s highest court has ruled that plans to mine metal in a protected forest must stop because they “violate the rights of nature”. The South American country added rules about respecting nature to its governing laws in 2008 but this is the first time they’ve been applied.

Wildlife in Taiwan

Conservationists in Taiwan are working flat out to stop an invasion of poisonous cane toads that could threaten local wildlife. At least 200 cane toads have been discovered at a farm in the mountains of central Taiwan, and each female can lay up to 30,000 eggs at a time.

18 December 2021 • The Week Junior

HR I

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How can you tell if an animal feels unwell?

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affect the way chicks produce energy from ew research shows how zebra finches – food. Researchers put two groups of eggs in small birds that live in very dry parts of warm incubators and played a recorded heat Australia – produce chicks built to cope with call to one group but not the other. hot weather. The secret lies in special Blood samples collected 13 days songs called heat calls, which after hatching showed that they sing to their chicks exposed to the heat unhatched eggs. call had changes in their The finches sing the cells (the microscopic songs at temperatures building blocks of their above 26°C, and previous studies have discovered bodies), which allowed them to extract energy from that when chicks hear them food while creating less heat. inside the egg, their growth The eggs are This is clearly another adaptation to slows down. This means they are listening. prevent the chicks from overheating smaller when they hatch, which seems – but it’s still a mystery exactly how hearing to help them cope better with heat. the rhythmic, high-pitched calls produces Now a team led by scientists from Deakin changes to their bodies.

University in Australia has found the calls also

Zookeepers are usually the first ones to spot if an animal is unwell because they look after it every day and know its personality and normal behaviour. The first signs of an animal not feeling well are often changes in its behaviour – it might be grumpy or less active than usual. There may also be changes in their appetite, or more obvious signs such as limping or sneezing.

Enjoy unlimited visits to ZSL London and Whipsnade Zoos, plus a host of other benefits with ZSL Membership. Find out more at zsl.org/membership/zsl-membership

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FutureCopy

Christmas cover competition

We have a winner!

We were blown away by the entries for this year’s cover competition but only one could take the top prize.

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t’s one of our highlights of the year at The Week Junior – looking through the festive front covers to find a winner. It’s always a treat but it’s also a tricky process, and this year was no exception. We received more than 800 entries and the quality was staggering. In the end, there could only be one winner and this year, that was 11-year-old Tomohiro from London.

Tomohiro will receive a framed print of his masterpiece and the winner and two runners-up will win a copy of each of the three judges’ most recent books.

WINNER! To mohiro, aged 11

What the judges said…

“I’m not 100% sure what’s happening here but it really made me smile, the background colours were amazing and I LOVE the zero-gravity cat’s expression!” Olaf Falafel “I thought this piece was fantastic. I smile every time I see the drawing. It is full of movement and humour and there’s a story there. Tomohiro, keep putting your personality into your drawings!” Selom Sunu “This was my immediate favourite because it made me laugh. There is so much joy in Tomohiro’s brilliant design. The expression of the boy and the cat make me chuckle every time I look at them.”Penny Neville-Lee

RUNNER-UP

Noemi, aged 13

RUNNER-UP

Katie, aged 9

REX SHUTTERSTOCK · NICESMILE

What the judges said:

“This is a wonderful depiction of families celebrating.” Selom Sunu “There is so much to look at.

This is drawn in a really fun and clever way.” Penny Neville-Lee

“Full of fantastic details and very topical – a close runner-up.”

Olaf Falafel

What the judges said:

“Beautifully drawn. There is a playfulness in them all working together. “ Penny Neville-Lee “A lovely scene that captures a cold snowy day.” Olaf Falafel

“Very nice colouring technique to make us feel the wintry scene.”

Selom Sunu

FutureCopy

Science and technology Explorers Justin and Jamie.

COLDRY ANDcDeives around

fall a re Antarctictimetres of rainhe five cen ar, making it t per ye st continent drie . on Earth

Ice trek prepares for Mars mission T

agency NASA are using the journey to study how wo British explorers are trekking across Antarctica humans respond to extreme environments. This is to help NASA understand how astronauts might so staff can better prepare astronauts for missions cope on Mars. Justin Packshaw, an ex-soldier, on the Moon and Mars, which could involve similar and Jamie Facer-Childs, a doctor and former army challenges. Packshaw and Facer-Childs are wearing medic, are trying to cross 2,500 miles of the freezing smartwatches to track their stress levels and continent in 80 days. Their route will take them monitor their sleep. They take regular to both the South Pole and the “Pole of 1 measurements to see how the Inaccessibility” – the most isolated journey is affecting them, and point in Antarctica. Travelling collect blood and saliva samples by foot and on skis, each man twice a week. They are carrying is dragging 200 kilograms of South out experiments to see how equipment behind him.

4 Pole 5 2 3 their vision and understanding They set off on 12 Pole of of their surroundings is November and have Inaccessibility affected by the strange faced 100mph winds and environment. The explorers temperatures of -35°C. Speaking are also gathering data for to The Times newspaper, other organisations, including the Packshaw said, “It’s a proper oldThe explorers’ European Space Agency and Stanford school adventure, long in duration and route.

University in the US. unsupported.” The pair are using a satellite Much of the territory the pair are crossing is so phone – a mobile phone that gets its signal from little known that there isn’t any data on temperature satellites orbiting the Earth because normal mobiles and surface snow conditions. The trip will push the don’t work in such a remote place. Packshaw said two men to the limit but Packshaw says they’re they were hundreds of miles into their journey, and having a great time so far. “The irony is that we’re looking at “a big, flat mass of windswept, gnarly ice”. loving it,” he said. “We’re savouring every moment.”

As well as being an adventure, the trek is a They hope to finish the epic trek in February. scientific study. Researchers from the US space

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Meet NASA’s newest recruits

US space agency NASA has announced its 10 newest astronaut candidates, who could one day work on the International Space Station or fly to the Moon. The six men and four women were chosen from more than 12,000 applicants.

They will now go through two years of intensive training, which includes flying jet planes and scuba diving. One of the recruits is former cyclist Christina Birch, who was part of the US national team. When asked how to become an astronaut, her advice was, “If you do the little things well, they add up to something big.”

The new astronaut candidates.

The Week Junior • 18 December 2021

FutureCopy

Science and technology

Flying robot learns to perch like a bird

SNAG perches on a branch.

IGHT FASivTinFgLspeed of 1g8rin5 e

With a dr hour, the pere’s miles pe on is the world falc nimal. fastest a

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these birds always landed in the same cientists in the US have built a robot that can land on the branches of way, regardless of the type of surface, tec trees, just like a bird. The plan is to so they copied the technique for their attach the machine, called SNAG (short SNAG’s design. Once it lands on a th robot’s feet for “stereotyped nature-inspired aerial branch, a sensor in the h grasper”) to drones so they can land in activates a balancing process that o . a wider variety of places. This could not stops it from falling off In a video for only help drones save energy but allow C them to get a closer look at animals Stanford University, Cutkosky and plants in hard-to-reach habitats explained the challen challenges of getting a b to bbehave h treetop such as treetops. robot like a bird. “In h naturall environment SNAG was the developed by there’s so much Mark Cutkosky variability and Len k and David Lentink complexity and from Stanford uncertainty,” he University in th the says. “In contrast, in l b we can controll US. It has legs andd a lab ever feet inspired by everything.”

During lockdown, Cutkosky the peregrine falcon.

A peregrine moved to the countryside However, its landing displays its talons. in the US state of Oregon, mechanism was inspired where he was able to put the robot by watching small parrots called through its paces in a real forest. parrotlets. The scientists noticed how

NEW ISSUE ALERT!

CHASING THE LIGHT/SERGEY AKSYUTENKO · REX SHUTTERSTOCK · NASA, LENTIK LAB · EARTHSBLACKBOX.COM

The Black Box is built to last.

Black Box keeps watch over Earth

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n a secret location on the Australian island of Tasmania sits a large angular steel box. It is built to last for thousands of years. Inside, solar-powered machines will keep a live record of scientific data about the biggest threats the world faces, including species extinction and climate change (long-term changes in world weather patterns linked to human activities).

Called Earth’s Black Box (after the “black box” flight recorders in aircraft), the project is designed to keep a record of possible threats to modern

life. “The idea is if the Earth does crash as a result of climate change, this indestructible recording device will be there for whoever’s left to learn from that,” says Jim Curtis, one of the people involved with the project.

However, the existence of this black box doesn’t mean that the Earth is doomed. Its makers hope that the box’s very existence will encourage people to take action on the world’s biggest challenges. As the project’s website says, “How the story ends is completely up to us.”

18 December 2021 • The Week Junior

POWER UP FOR WINTER

It might be cold outside but fortunately there’s a new issue of Science+Nature packed with exciting features to fire up your curiosity. Explore the science of superheroes and find out if you can gain any of their powers yourself, then check out how your ancient ancestors survived tough Stone Age winters. Meet the scientists who want to talk to whales, investigate the mystery of the mischievous gremlins and try out some festive lab activities. Grab your copy now!

ISSUE 43 ISSUE43 OUTNOW JUST£3.49

VISIT sciencenature.theweekjunior.co.uk 15

FutureCopy

Photos of the week Farm in full glow

Andrew Wilkinson’s tribute to his father, a farmer, with a festive farm light show.

Edible city

Gardens aglow

Kew Gardens in London lit up for Christmas.

SWNS · GETTY IMAGES · SOLENT NEWS · RICHARD HAUGHTON · LUKE HAYES

Architects, designers and engineers created this city of gingerbread.

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The Week Junior • 18 December 2021

FutureCopy

Photos of the week The Rat King

A lead dancer in the ballet The Nutcracker, showing in Edinburgh.

’Tis the season

A shop display in Edinburgh inspired by the film Elf.

Deck the halls…

Choristers decorate the tree in Winchester Cathedral, England.

18 December 2021 • The Week Junior

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AS M T S I R H C AL CUP FmIeNn’s World a

2 t The 202will be held jus ay.

D l Cup fina fore Christmas d week be usually playe It is in July.

FutureCopy

Sport Santa on the run The Santa fun run in Liverpool.

Players often train in deep snow.

You may have seen lots of Santas dashing by on a street or park near you. Lots of Santa fun run events are taking place as people raise money for charity and enjoy dressing and racing as Father Christmas.

Around 5,000 runners took part in Liverpool’s Santa Dash on 5 December. Entrants were given a special Santa costume and people could choose a blue version of the outfit. Other events have taken place, including in Buckinghamshire and Lincoln, both in England, and in Edinburgh, Scotland.

Christmas kick-off forSanta W e are Santa’s football team,” says Jose Hiltunen, who helps run one of the world’s most special football clubs. Called FC Santa Claus, its teams play in Lapland, which is in northern Finland and claims to be the official home of Father Christmas.

FC Santa Claus has more than 500 players, male and female, aged from just three years old up to teenagers.

They play and train all year round in youth competitions and leagues. This time of the year is special for the club, though. “We are very near to where Santa comes from and we are a very friendly football club,” Hiltunen tells The Week Junior. “In the winter and at Christmas we keep playing.

THE WEEK’S WINNERS...

Max Verstappen

The Dutch racer won the F1 championship for the first time by beating Lewis Hamilton at the Abu Dhabi Grand Prix.

British cross-country team

They won five gold medals at the European Cross-Country Championship in Ireland, including individual victories for Megan Keith and Charles Hicks.

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Sometimes it gets as cold as minus 30 degrees, and we could play in 50 centimetres of snow. This can be a problem for our very youngest players but we always have lots of fun.”

When it comes to the big day, Hiltunen says the players prefer to take it easy and enjoy their Christmas lunch. “On 25 December we will rest, eat very much and perhaps watch some football on TV instead.”

With a picture of Father Christmas on their club badge and playing in a red and white kit, there is surely no other football club in the world that enjoys Christmas as much as FC Santa Claus.

It always feels festive at FC Santa Claus.

Raheem Sterling

Sterling scored his 100th Premier League goal in a 1-0 win for Manchester City against Wolves.

Australia Test cricket team

They beat England in the first Test of the Ashes competition at the Gabba stadium in Brisbane, Australia. The second Test started on 16 December.

The Week Junior • 18 December 2021

FC SANTA CLAUS JUNIORIT · ALAMY · REX SHUTTERSTOCK

“

FutureCopy

Wellbeing

Spend time in the sun Sunlight in winter helps to boost your energy and lift your mood.

WINTMEERR WAaRnuary is cold inee

Ideas for getting outside this winter ●

Organise a scavenger hunt

Make a list of things you can find outside, like different coloured leaves or something in the shape of a W, and see who can find everything first.

hJ thr AlthougEarth is about the the UK, miles closer toly. million than it is in Ju Sun

●

Go litter picking

It’s a great way to get outdoors, have fun with friends and look after the planet at the same time. ●

Try geocaching

Use the geocaching website or app to search for tiny treasure boxes called caches in fi fields, elds, town centres and even castles.

Find out more here at geocaching.com

Sources of vitamin D Sunshine is vital to help our bodies make vitamin D.

D

o you enjoy the warmth of the sun on a winter’s day?

During winter it can be hard to catch many rays but spending time in sunlight helps your body stay healthy and makes you feel happier.

Why is winter sun important?

Feeling the sunshine on a winter’s day is a great way to lift your mood because sunlight affects chemicals, or hormones, in the brain called serotonin and melatonin. These help you to sleep better and feel less stressed. Your body also needs sunlight to create vitamin D, which helps you to fight off infections.

REX SHUTTERSTOCK

What are vitamins?

Jennifer likes to run in winter.

Vitamins are nutrients that the body needs to work properly. For example, vitamin A is important for eyesight and vitamin D is good for teeth and bones. Although you can get many vitamins through a balanced, healthy diet, most of your vitamin D comes from sunlight.

What are the benefits of sunlight?

Dr Margherita Cantorna at Pennsylvania State University

18 December 2021 • The Week Junior

in the US studies how vitamin D affects health. She says, “Vitamin D is called the sunshine vitamin since it is made in the skin after exposure to sun.” It’s harder to make vitamin D in winter because the Sun’s rays aren’t as strongg as in summer. You also spend more time indoors and when you are outside you cover up with warm clothes. Cantorna says people with darker skin tones need to spend longer in the sun to produce the same amount of vitamin D as someone with light skin. This is why it’s important to get as much sunlight as possible during winter months.

How can I get sun in winter?

To enjoy the outdoors this winter, wrap up warm and stay dry. When it’s sunny, find an outdoor activity you enjoy like cycling or playing football. The Week Junior reader Jennifer, aged 12, says, “I love going running with my dad in the winter because I feel happier and energised afterwards.”

Go for walks with your family and explore with your friends.

Stay out in the sun for as long as you can, and when you go back inside, reward yourself with a warm drink.

●

Direct sunlight, not through a glass window.

●

Foods like oily fish (salmon, mackerel and sardines), as well as eggs, mushrooms and some cereals.

●

The NHS recommends taking extra vitamin D in autumn and winter. Your parent or guardian can help decide what is right for you (never take supplements without a parent/guardian’s permission).

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FutureCopy

Arts and entertainment

Festive ve TV highlights From bounty hunters to snowmen, wmen, there’s plenty on TV this Christmas.

A BRIGRHT STA

Boba Fett and Fennec Shand.

lm tar Wars fiK on S t s r fi e h U T sed in the was releacember 1977.

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The Book of Boba Fett The famous Star Wars bounty hunter gets his own show.

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n 1978, the Star Wars character Boba Fett made his first appearance in the Star Wars Holiday Special. In the programme, which was released in the build-up to the Thanksgiving holiday in the US, famous Star Wars characters gather on the home planet of the wookiees to celebrate their Life Day holiday. Fett, who is a bounty hunter, appeared during an animated sequence.

The character later turned up again

mpire Strikes Back and Return of the Jedi, in The Empire becoming a fan favourite. Now, more than 40 years after his debut, Fett is returning to TV screens for the Christmas holiday season in The Book of Boba Fett.

This show is a spin-off from the popular Disney+ series The Mandalorian. Fett, played by Temuera Morrison, appeared in the show’s second season. His return was a shock Boba Fett in because the character was thought to his armour. have died in Return of the Jedi. This series

Meet new Star Wars characters.

was announced in a surprise scene after the end credits of The Mandalorian season two finale. The show will follow Fett and his fellow bounty hunter Fennec Shand, played by Ming-Na Wen, as they take over territory once ruled by Jabba the Hutt.

In an interview with SFX magazine, Morrison said that this series would solve some long-running mysteries about the character. “There will definitely be a number of answers. Some long-winded answers.

Some short and sharp answers. Some colourful answers. We’re filling a lot of gaps,” he said.

The series starts on Disney+ on 29 December.

Three more great adventures to watch this Christmas Around the World in 80 Days

Based on the book by Jules Verne, this series tells the story of Phileas Fogg (played by David Tennant), a Victorian adventurer who tries to circle the globe in a hurry. Starts 5.50pm on 26 December, BBC One David Tennant (middle) stars.

The Amazing Mr Blunden

This film is inspired by the book The Ghosts by Antonia Barber. It tells the story of a family who move into a new house that might be haunted.

7pm on 24 December, Sky Max

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Doctor Who

In this New Year’s Day special, the Doctor faces off against her most fearsome enemies – the Daleks.

This will be the first of three special episodes airing in 2022. 1 January, BBC One

The Week Junior • 18 December 2021

FutureCopy

Arts and entertainment Quentin Blake: The Drawing of My Life

Quentin Blake

4.10pm on 25 December, BBC Two Quentin Blake is the artist best known for his illustrations in Roald Dahl books, including Matilda, Charlie and the Chocolate Factory and The Witches. This documentary shows how, at nearly 90 years old, Blake is still drawing and finding new ways to be creative. In this show, Blake fills a large canvas with some of his best-loved characters and important moments from his 70-year career.

There are also contributions from famous authors and artists such as Michael Rosen, Lauren Child and David Walliams. Roald Dahl’s wife Felicity talks about Dahl and Blake, and there are readings from some of the 500 books Blake has helped create.

Sir David Attenborough

Attenborough and the Mammoth Graveyard

8pm on 30 December, BBC One Sir David Attenborough and biologist Professor Ben Garrod investigate Britain’s biggest mammoth discovery in 20 years. The find was made near Swindon, England, in 2017. However, several mysteries remain, such as the age of the mammoth’s bones and some stone tools found lying nearby.

The robin and a magpie.

Sue Perkins hosts the show.

Jonathan Van-Tam

Christmas Lectures from The Royal Institution

The Greatest Snowman

This animated musical by Wallace and Gromit creators Aardman Animation is about a robin who grows up in a family of mice after her egg rolls into a rubbish dump. As she grows up, the robin realises her true identity and where she belongs.

A bit like the Great British Bake Off, this show sees celebrity contestants battle it out to make the world’s best snowman. Alongside other judges, Sue Perkins will challenge the contestants to carve impressive sculptures out of snow in a mountain resort.

Available on Netflix

8pm on 28–31 December, BBC Four Across three lectures, Jonathan Van-Tam (England’s deputy chief medical officer) and several other scientists talk about how the Covid-19 response can be used to tackle other serious illnesses.

FILM CLUB

Robin Robin

This live-action remake of the Disney animated classic more than lives up to the original.

8pm on 24 December, Channel Four

Lily James stars as Cinderella.

DISNEY · BBC · SKY UK · CHANNEL FOUR · REX SHUTTERSTOCK

Cinderella

3.15pm on 23 December, BBC One Disney has made lots of live-action films based on its old animated hits in the past few years but few have worked out quite so wonderfully as Cinderella. Starring Lily James in the lead role, it’s a gloriously lavish retelling of the story – and a funny one, too. With beautiful costumes, picturesque scenery and a cast that includes star actor Cate Blanchett in sinister form, it’s a really good family film. It would make a fantastic partner with Mary Poppins Returns, which is on BBC One on Christmas Day.

18 December 2021 • The Week Junior

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FutureCopy

OT e H S G N O L rst game in th as

The fi ague series w tic a e Rocket Lpersonic Acrob u d S e called cket-Power Ro ars.

Battle-C

Use the car’s boost to take off

A League of itits own Rocket League comes to mobile phones phone with Sideswipe game.

A

re four wheels better than two legs for football?

Millions of people have been testing that out oon their consoles or computers since Rocket Leag League came out in 2015. Now there’s a new ver version for Android and Apple phones.

Rocket League Sideswipe is i not the same game, although it shares sh the original idea – to play pla football with cars, moving the th ball by driving into it.

The m matches last for two minutes and are a played on a sideways-scrolling pitch where you can only drive towards the right and left.

Like the original, you’re not restricted to staying on the ground. You can use OF PODCAST THE WEEK K

your car’s boost to take off and fly through the air, which helps you pull off the equivalent of diving headers or bicycle kicks by human footballers.

You can learn how to play the game and practise your skills in an offline mode, before going online to see how you do against other players – either your own friends in private matches or the wider world. Those online matches can n-two battles, and be one-on-one or two-on-two e called Hoops, which is there’s an extra mode all than football. more like basketball Rocket Leaguee Sideswipe is easy to play using touchscreen controls. However, if you have a console er that can pair with your phone using controller uetooth Bluetooth (this works for many PlayStation and OF WEBSITE THE WEEK

GREEKING OUT

Xbox controllers) it may givee yyou va an advantage.

Th The game can cross over with w Rocket League on conso consoles: if you sign in using the same Epic Games G account, some of the XP (expe (experience points) you earn in Sideswipe will count co towards the main game too.

Th The game is free to download and play, and at the moment there are no in-app purchases.

You ca can unlock new items to customise your car by playin rather than by paying, but purchases might playing, be added in the future when more people know about the game.

VIDEOOFTHEWEEK PUTTING A JUMPER ON A T.REX

nationalgeographic.com/podcasts/greeking-out asts/greeking-out

tinyurl.com/TWJdinoJumper

This podcast is from hic, National Geographic, more abou although it’s about han geography history than geography. It ells some of the mos retells most famous Greek myths for fo young people. It has just ju finished finished its fifth fifth series aand there are lots to hear.

In dinosaur times, you wouldn’t have spotted many tyrannosaurs wandering around in Christmas ju h N jumpers. IIn 2021 2021, at the Naturall Hi History Museum in London, L it’s a different story. Well, aapart (hopefully) from the “wandering” part!

22

SANTA TRACKER

santatracker.google.com Every year, Google launches its Santa Tracker website in December. It’s a way to track the start of Christmas around the world and there are games, fun coding lessons and creative tools.

The Week Junior • 188 December 2021 202

FutureCopy

Book club

5

snowy and icy stories

Great books that will plunge readers into the depths of winter this festive season.

Snow Foal

by Susanna Bailey (HarperCollins Children’s Books)

When Addie is sent to live with a foster family on a country farm during the depths of winter, she misses her mum and feels angry and unhappy.

However, when she rescues a tiny foal from the moorland snow, an unexpected friendship begins that brings her new hope.

Frostheart: Rise of the World Eater

by Jamie Littler (Puffin Books)

In the exciting conclusion to the Frostheart trilogy, hero Ash faces his greatest challenge yet. Evil Wraith leader Shaard has unleashed the terrifying Devourer, and the people of the Snow Sea are divided. Ash and his crew head out on a journey into the yeti lands to save the day.

A Night at the Frost Fair

by Emma Carroll.

Illustrated by Sam Usher (Simon & Schuster Children’s)

Maya travels back 300 years to the banks of the frozen river Thames. A boy called Eddie introduces her to the world of the London Frost Fair – filled with music, delicious food and thrilling rides.

This magical historical tale makes perfect Christmas reading.

The Bear Who Sailed the Ocean on an Iceberg

by Emily Critchley (Everything With Words)

Patrick is having a tough time when something unexpected happens – he finds a polar bear hiding in the freezer! Monty has impeccable manners and talks as if he’s swallowed the dictionary. Could he turn out to be exactly the friend Patrick needs?

Melt

by Ele Fountain (Pushkin Children’s)

Yutu lives in a snow-bound village with his grandmother. Their way of life is under threat. Bea lives in the distant city with her father, who works for an oil company. When a series of dramatic events bring them together, the two must join forces to survive.

This thrilling Arctic adventure is also a thoughtprovoking story about climate change.

18 December 2021 • The Week Junior

BOOK OF THE WEEK

The Christmas Carrolls

by Mel Taylor-Bessentt.

Illustrated by Selom Sunu (Farshore)

Holly Carroll and her faamily love uch tthat hat Christmas. They love itt ssoo m much daay, with with tinsel, tinsell they celebrate every day, ol-singingg toilet. toilet. jingling bells and a caro carol-singing Now, the Carrolls are mooving intoo their dream home on Sleigh Riide Avennue but their new neighbour doesn’tt like parties. When Holly turns upp at primaryy school in September with Chrristmaas cards and a Santa backpack, herr neew classmates don’t know what to maake of her. Then she discovers a group off children that may not have Christmas at all. Can Holly keep the Christmas spirit alive and spread good cheer to those around her? This joyful, funny story is packed to the brim with festive fun and kindness. As warm and cosy as a Christmas jumper, it’s a delightful read with a very big heart.

WIN!

We’re giving away five copies of TheChristmas Carrolls

For a chance to win a copy, just send your name and address to competitions@theweekjunior.co.uk and put CARROLLS in the subject line.* Closing date: midnight on 31 December. See theweekjunior.co.uk/terms for rules.

ASK THE AUTHOR

READERS RECOMMEND

Mel Taylor-Bessent

Name: Aeden

The Christmas Carrolls writer reveals her top festive memories and songs.

Best month of the year?

It has to be December, when there’s a hopeful magic in the air. Everyone is always so excited, the streets are full of twinkling fairy lights and there are happy Christmas songs on the radio.

What are your New Year’s resolutions for 2022?

My resolution for the last 15 years was to get published, so I should make a new one now.

I’d love to write a couple of different things next year. I’ve got ideas for picture books and a non-fiction project I’d love to write.

Favourite joke?

Why was the snowman looking through the

carrots? Because he was picking his nose!

Favourite Christmas song?

Mariah Carey’s All I Want for Christmas Is You. You can’t help but sing along.

First Christmas memory?

We always went to my grandparents’ house on Christmas Day. My earliest memories are fighting over the last roast potato, playing charades and my grandad falling asleep in his armchair.

Mel Taylor-Bessent and her grandad.

Rise Up: Ordinary Kids with Extraordinary Stories

by Amanda Li

“Inspirational stories about young people around the world achieving great things and facing many difficult challenges.”

YOUR TURN

Junior

Roving Reporter

Email your book review to hello@ theweekjunior.co.uk. If your review is printed in the magazine you’ll receive a Roving Reporter badge. Tell us what you liked about the book and why you’d recommend it to others, and don’t forget to include your name and address.*

*If you are the competition winner, we will only use the details you provide to contact you and arrange delivery of your competition prize.

Further details about how we manage the data you provide can be found at www.dennis.co.uk/privacy-policy

23

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Do something mething HOW,WHAT, WHERE?

HIGHERS ACHIEdVtrampoline

nce Experie sts can bounce gymna as 10 metres as high o the air. int

How can I get involved?

If you enjoy bouncing on a trampoline in your garden, try taking it to the next level and join a club to learn more skills and get some helpful coaching.

With the help of an adult, go to the British Gymnastics website (british-gymnastics.org) and search for a club near you.

What age do you have to be for trampolining?

Trampolining is great for all ages, from around five right up to adults.

You don’t have to get involved in competitions; many sessions are organised just for fun or to make you confident on the trampoline.

It’s a good way to keep fit and you’ll have a big smile as you bounce.

Jumping for joy.

Trampolining Reach new heights and express yourself when you try…

W

“I KNOW HOW TO FLY”

such as how well the moves are made, how difficult the ith impressive twists, somersaults and bounces high routines are and how long a gymnast spends in the air. into the air, trampolining is an exciting sport to take Although the moves made in the air look complicated part in and watch. watch It is one of the three forms of gymnastics complicated, they e, the – the others are a artistic and rhythmic gymnastics. Both are all made up of three main types. These are the pike, nd women and m men compete in individual trampoline tuck and the layout (or straight). Adding extra twists and competitions and it has been an Olympic spins when doing these will earn more points. As youu w to event since 20 2000.. spend more time practising you will learn how d andd to land l d in the h central tral In top-level competitive trampolining, l controll your bbody gymnasts per perform a short routine that has zone of the trampoline every time.

10 skills. Skills are bounces that have Bryony Page has won both of ning some type of ttwist, trick or somersault.

Great Britain’s Olympic trampolining Two routines aare done in total. One medals: bronze at Tokyo 2020 routine is know known as “compulsory” and and silver at Rio 2016. “I love includes skills that all gymnasts must trampolining because I love thee he make. The oth other is called “voluntary”, feeling of spinning around in the p in which the person chooses their own air,” Page told The Week Junior. “You nd you spectacular sk skills. Athletes have a break have to be brave to go so high, and ve between perfo performing eachh routine. feel like you’re really able to fly. I love Bryony Page at ed to Judges watch wa gymnasts closely while my sport and have done ever since I used Tokyo 2020 Olympics. they bounce, aand award points based on things bounce on my garden trampoline as a kid.”

24

“I’m I m an 11-year-old who knows how to flfly. y. I’m not a superhero – I’m a trampolinist!

Name: I started when Julian I was five and fell in love with the sport. The feeling of being high up in the air immediately got me hooked.

Bouncing on a trampoline while performing acrobatics is an adrenalin-packed experience.”

Julian flying high on a trampoline.

The Week Junior • 18 December 2021

FutureCopy

How to…

Make a 3D reindeer head What you need

●

● ● ● ● ● ●

Marker pen Cardboard Scissors Double-sided tape or glue Red paper or card String Sticky tape

A

lthough Christmas is just around the corner, there’s still time to get creative and deck the halls with your very own cardboard reindeer head. Using recycled cardboard as the main material, you can make it as big as you like and get as festive as you feel by adding some fun fifinishing nishing touches.

REX SHUTTERSTOCK · TESSA SILLARS POWELL

1

Draw out the side profile shape of a reindeer’s head and neck on a piece of cardboard.

2

3

Stick the noses together using double-sided tape or glue.

4

Draw antlers and a rectangular base on cardboard. Cut out and o slits slitts into intto the the eb ase. cutt two base.

5

Fold over the straight edge on the reindeer necks and stick them on either side of the mount.

8

9

7

Cut it out, then draw around d this one on another piece of cardboarrd, so you have two heads.

Draw on eyes with the marker pen and bend the ears forward.

Slot the base of the antlers onto the reindeer heads.

Tape a loop off sttriing ontto the back of the reindeer, so it can be hung up on the wall.

6

Cut out a mount from card (as above) that is slightly longer than your reindeer’s neck length.

10

Then, cut two circles from the red card. Fold them in half and stick to either side of the nose.

Looking for something else to do? Head to theweekjunior.co.uk/activityhub 18 December 2021 • The Week Junior

25

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Word fill in 3 letters Bag Buy Tag 4 letters Shop Till 5 letters Aisle Money

Puzzles All these words about shopping fit in the grid.

Can you work out where each word goes to complete it?

7 letters Cubicle Plastic

Wordsearch

Can you find all of the wintry words listed here? They are hidden horizontally, vertically or diagonally and may read forwards or backwards.

9 letters Assistant Cashpoint 11 letters Merchandisse Transaction

6 letters Arcade Market Retail BLIZZARD CHILLY COLD CRYSTALS DEGREE FALLING FLAKES

Word jumble

Rearrange the scrambled letters to form four words for places you might find animals.

N EL N KE

UT H H C

IEHV

ETNS

Place a number in every circle to complete the tower. The value in each circle is the sum of the numbers in the two circles directly beneath it.

SWIRLING WEATHER WHITE WINTER WONDER ZERO

ANS C WER FOUAN BE S PAGND ON E 29

These two pictures appear to be the same, but take a closer look.

There are actually five differences. Can you spot them?

REX SHUTTERSTOCK

Spot the difference

Number tower

FREEZING FROST ICE POWDER PRETTY SNOWBALL SNOWMAN

26

The Week Junior • 18 December 2021

FutureCopy

That’s unbelievable!

Apology for unfair car fines

Wokingham Borough Council in England has apologised to car owners in Earley, Berkshire, after it hired a company to lift up the vehicles to paint yellow lines underneath. When the cars were lowered back down onto the fresh double yellow lines, parking inspectors arrived and issued fines to the car owners. People are not allowed to park on double yellow lines. Councillor Shirley Boyt said it was “like a trick had been played” on the residents. The council has now apologised and agreed to cancel the fines.

Simon George moves one of his model trains.

The UK’s biggest model railway

A man called Simon George has unveiled his work of the past eight years: the UK’s largest model railway. The model, made up of more than 1,000 metres of track, is a replica of the Calder Valley railway line, which connects Leeds to Manchester and Blackpool in England. George grew up near the railway and spent hours watching the trains. He said that building it transported him back to his childhood in the 1980s. George did not set out to make the model so big, and at first he hid it because he didn’t think the project was very cool.

The cars were lifted off the road.

A star-studded Christmas jumper

Christmas jumpers are generally jolly and cheap, but the world’s most expensive has just gone on sale for £30,000. Aidan Liban, an artist, spent 3,000 hours and his life savings on making this Christmas jumper, which is studded with crystals. He hopes to sell it to raise money for the National Health Service (NHS). The jumper features a jewelled reindeer wearing a Santa hat and scarf, surrounded by diamond silver stars. Liban used solid gold thread and silk for the lining. “It is a true piece of artt,” hee saidd. “I had a vision and I made it come true.”

Is 12 too young to be a bishop?

Real OR rubbish?

Aidan Liban with his festive jumper.

12-year-old becomes a bishop DON BARWICK · SWNS · BNPS

A 12-year-old girl called Isabel Moss has become a bishop and led a service at Salisbury Cathedral in Wiltshire, England. A bishop is a senior member of the Church. Moss was a part of the choir but on 5 December was awarded the bishop’s robes for the first time to lead a service. She delivered a sermon (a speech given during a religious service) and led the congregation in prayer and song. Does this story sound real to you? Or does is not quite ring true?* *Real! Isabel Moss really did become a bishop. However, it was only for a 45-minute service. Every year, Salisbury Cathedral lets a chorister (someone who sings in the choir) become bishop for the day.

18 December 2021 • The Week Junior

27

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Over to you yo Editor’snote We have a WINNER! Well done to Tomohiro, aged 11, who has won this year’s Christmas cover competition with his bright, jolly and very imaginative design. All the judges agreed that it summed up the theme “happy holidays” very well indeed – you can’t help but smile when you look at it. Well done, Tomohiro! There were so many other fantastic entries, so a huge thank you to absolutely everyone who took part. We saw gorgeously plump Christmas puddings, naughty elves running amok, jolly snowmen and even a Christmas shark. Don’t miss the two runner-up entries either on page 13 – well done Katie and Noemi for your superb entries, and see what our celebrity judges had to say.

There’s plenty of other fab festive content in this week’s issue – have a go at making your own 3D reindeer head on page 25, and read all about a very unusual Christmas football team on page 18. Over on page 9, find out about just one of the many volunteers who will be working on Christmas Day to spread some kindness and festive spirit this year. From the team at The Week Junior, happy holidays!

Editor

OF CHARITY THE WEEK

A book review: Listified!

Neil loved all the lists.

Name: Neil

“

Do you like learning facts? If so, I thi think you will really like this book. Listified! teaches you loads of cool, funny and astonishing facts about the world. Some facts in the book can be about mountain mountains, nature, animals, space and lots more interesting, fun topics. One great feature of the book is that almost everything is in lilists – for example, the top 10 most rare eye colours or the top 10 tallest people, or the th top 10 highest mountains.

Another feature of the book is that some of the topics are quite random. For example, six of the unluckiest people on Earth, or 40 unusual laws! I felt great after finishing the book. I hope that this book review will persuade you into reading this book.

”

What have you been up to lately? Which books boo have you y enjoyed reading? What have you made? Have you written a poem or drawn a picture that you’d like to see published on this page? Whatever you have to show or tell us, get in touch at hello@theweekjunior.co.uk

JO E O THE K WEEFK “Why d a f id the b

lower o into sc y bring hool?

For s and smhow ell!”

Shive n

GET INVOLVED 12 Days of Science is here!

Four Paws

Four Paws is an animal welfare charity that works to change the lives of animals worldwide. It protects and cares for companion, farm, wild and stray animals through campaigns and rescue missions. The charity’s aim is to create a world where humans treat animals with respect and understanding. To find out more, visit four-paws.org.uk

Junior

Roving Reporter

28

Let the festive fun begin! Our sister magazine The Week Junior Science+Nature is running a 2 Days of Science”festive “12 Science” festive dventure this Christmas. Each day adventure here’s a new competition and there’s ctivity for you to enter and try ou activity out.

There are some spectacular prizes up for grabs. Find out how you can get involved ery day until every 22 December at iencenature. sciencenature. heweekjunior. theweekjunior. co.uk/12daysofscie co.uk/12daysofscience

GET INVOLVED

Email your news, viewsandpictures to hello@theweekjunior.co.uk The Week Junior • 18 December 2021

FutureCopy

Over to you We’d love to see your snaps. Send them to us at hello@theweekjunior.co.uk YOUR PHOTOS Don’t forget to tell us why you took them.

“I did a MoRun at the end of November and managed to raise £150 for men’s health.

Find out more at tinyurl. com/TWJMovember” Maya

Follow The Week Junior on PopJam @TheWeekJunior.

You can download the PopJam app from the App Store or Google Play.

Last week we asked you if all students should study classics.

You said...

Maya at the finish line.

“No, I think you should be able to choose!”

“I would definitely do it.”

“I collected Christmas toys and gifts gifts from my friends and family and donated them to The St Vincent de Paul Society. The gifts will be donated to children needing support and kindness over Christmas.”

Georgie

Teacher OF THE WEEK

“I made my own tie dye decorations, it was a lot of fun!”

Emilia

Puzzles page and quiz answers

Teacher’s name: Sophie Pousaz

Kayvan If we pick your teacher as Teacher of the Week, we’ll send your school three free issues of The Week Junior. Send your nominations, along with a picture of your teacher and your school’s full name and address, to hello@theweekjunior.co.uk

1 c) It still hasn’t 2 False, Kane is not on the SPOTY shortlist 3 Iraq 4 a) 17th 5 False, they are care workers and nurses 6 300 million years 7 a) Zebra finch 8 True 9 Winchester Cathedral 10 a) Lapland 11 The Star Wars Holiday Special 12 a) 2015 13 December 14 True 15 The UK’s biggest model railway

FOUR-PAWS.ORG.UK · REX SHUTTERSTOCK · ANDRÉS LOZANO

“I have an AMAZING teacher called Sophie. She makes English (as a foreign language) SO interesting, she’s THE best in the world! She taught us the alphabet with the longest word I know, a town in Wales called Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogoch – I even learned how to pronounce it!

Word jumble: Kennel, hutch, hive, nest

School: Collège de Belmont, Belmont-sur-Lausanne, Switzerland

Please include your full name and address so that we can send you a Roving Reporter badge if your contribution makes it onto the page.

We will only use the details you provide to arrange delivery of badges, and we will not share them with anyone else. By submitting your reports and pictures, you give consent to The Week Junior to print them in the magazine and digital editions. We reserve the right to edit contributions for length, accuracy and suitability. Ensure you have your parent/guardian’s permission before sending anything to us.

18 December 2021 • The Week Junior

“They should be able to study anything they want! If everyone studied the same thing, it would be a bit boring.”

“Yes, because they help you learn from the past. If you read Shakespeare you will know what life was like in Tudor times.”

Tell us what you think of this week’s issue and we’ll print some of the best comments here.

Junior

SH W

If you’ve enjoyed this issue of The Week Junior, why not listen to our podcast, The Week Junior Show. This week, Bex from Fun Kids radio and members of The Week Junior team discuss volunteering at Christmas, a festive footie team and the Winter Olympics. Have a listen at tinyurl. com/TWJshow, or wherever you get your podcasts.

29

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Quiz of the week 2

8 True or false? Peregrine falcons are the world’s fastest animal.

8

■ a) 1950 ■ b) 1953 ■ c) It still hasn’t

■ True ■ False

9 In which cathedral are choristers shown decorating the tree?

2 True or false? Harry Kane has been nominated for BBC Sports Personality of the Year.

10 Where do FC Santa Claus play?

■ True ■ False

3 The Gilgamesh tablet was returned to which country?

ANSW ERS C FOUANN BE PAGED ON 29

10

4 In which of these centuries was William Shakespeare writing plays?

■ a) 2015 ■ b) 2016 ■ c) 2017

5 True or false? Most of the people who work on Christmas Day are politicians.

13 What is Mel Taylor-Bessent’s favourite month of the year?

■ True ■ False

12

14 True or false? Experienced trampoliners can bounce 10 metres high.

4

■ True ■ False

7 Which type of bird keeps it chicks cool by singing to them?

15 What has Simon George built?

■ a) A zebra finch ■ b) A tiger finch ■ c) A goldfinch

OUR AWARDS CABINET

Editorial director: Anna Bassi Editor: Felicity Capon Deputy editor: Rahul Verma Features editor: Ben Isaacs Contributing editor: Dan Green Staff writers: Michael Dalton, Stevie Derrick, Flora Neville, Huw Poraj-Wilczynski, Ciaran Sneddon Editorial assistant: Kaye O’Doherty Group art director: Dave Kelsall Senior designer: Elton Lam Picture editor: Mandy Rowson Managing editor: Vanessa Harriss Production editor: Hugh Porter Deputy production editor: Philip Clough Contributors: Simon Brew, Steve Clarke, Susie Dent, Lucy Mason, Puzzler Media, Stephen Patience, Kevin Pettman, Heather Reeves, Tessa Sillars Powell, Giles

30

11 In which programme did Boba Fett make his first appearance?

12 When did Rocket League first come out?

■ a) 17th ■ b) 18th ■ c) 19th

6 How old is the oldest-known fossil of an octopus?

■ a) Lapland ■ b) Helsinki ■ c) Copenhagen

Sparrow, Helen Ward, Katherine Woodfine The Week Junior editorial founders: Avril Williams, Ed Needham Publisher and chief executive: Kerin O’Connor Senior vice president current affairs: James Tye Editorial chairman, The Week: Jeremy O’Grady Chief customer officer: Julian Thorne Marketing director: Lucy Davis Group advertising director: Caroline Fenner (caroline_fenner@dennis.co.uk) Senior marketing manager: Jemma Foster Senior marketing executive: Eloise Jacobi Advertising manager: Carly Activille (carly_activille@dennis.co.uk) Account director: Hattie White (hattie_white@dennis.co.uk) Senior production manager: Maaya Mistry Head of production: Stephen Catherall Managing director operations: Robin Ryan

LAUNCH OF THE YEAR 2016

BEST ART TEAM 2017

Future PLC, 121–141 Westbourne Terrace, Paddington, London W2 6JR. Tel +44 (0)1255 442244. Copyright: Future PLC 2021. All rights reserved. The Week and The Week Junior are registered trademarks. Neither the whole of this publication nor any part of it may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or by any means without the written permission of the publishers. Distributor: Marketforce (UK) Ltd, 3rd Floor, 161 Marsh Wall, London, E14 9AP Editorial: editorial@theweekjunior. co.uk Subscriptions: subscriptions@theweekjunior.co.uk Annual subscription rate UK: £111.99; Europe £128.99; worldwide £144.49. Website: theweekjunior.co.uk

AWA R D S

2018

WINNER

EDITORS’ EDITOR 2018 (ANNA BASSI)

BEST NEW LAUNCH 2016

PRINT PRODUCT OF THE YEAR 2019

PRINT PRODUCT PRINT PRODUCT OF THE YEAR OF THE YEAR 2017 2018

Future plc is a public company quoted on the London Stock Exchange (symbol: FUTR) www.futureplc.com

Chief executive Zillah Byng-Thorne Non-executive chairman Richard Huntingford Chief financial officer Penny Ladkin-Brand Tel +44 (0)1225 442 244

The Week Junior • 18 December 2021

GETTY IMAGES · ALAMY· REX SHUTTERSTOCK

1 When did the Korean War formally end?

FutureCopy

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