PLR 2.4 (July-August 2004)

Page 1

P L R

volume 2

issue 4

PRAGUE LITERARY REVIEW

july august

2004

Ahron Weiner, from Poison Dolls, 2003

Sebastian Gurcillo

aptation of the Passion of Christ. Director, played by Orson Welles, spouts ironical pastiche of Pasolini’s own intellectual positions.

Pasolini’s Crime Consider the following remarks made by Senator Julian McGauran, a member of the Senate select committee on community standards, regarding the recent re-banning of the film Salo The 120 Days of Sodom in Australia: “Let it be a lesson. This movie was the line in the sand‌ I’m actually over the moon that the artists have been pulled back into line‌ You must remember, I’m National Party—artistic merit doesn’t mean much to me.â€? A scene from La Ricotta (The Curd Cheese, 1963). Journalist approaches director of a grotesque film ad-

Art

Journalist: What do you want to express with this new work of yours? Director: My profound, inmost, archaic Catholicism. Journalist: And what do you think of Italian society? Director: We have the most illiterate masses, the most ignorant bourgeoisie in Europe. Journalist: And what do you think about death? Director: As a Marxist, it is a fact which I do not (continued on page 6)

Literature

D.J. Huppatz

The Voice of Robert Desnos Quelle heure sera-t-il le jour ou ce que j’attends arrivera? What time will it be on the day when what I am waiting for happens?

June 1945: in the Nazi concentration camp Theresienstadt in Czechoslovakia, French writer Robert Desnos lies dying of typhoid fever. His breathing is almost imperceptible although occasionally he rejects enough breath to murmur incoherently. The storm outside is clearing and in the stillness blanket clouds fold back

Philosophy

Theatre

to reveal isolated crystal stars, quivering with cold on the remotest parts of the dome. Someone has found a wildflower by the gate. The distant hum of aeroplanes. Limp flags. Robert Desnos lies dying. Born in Paris in 1900, Desnos joined the Surrealists in 1922. His early literary heroes were the nineteenth century poet Gerard de Nerval, the medieval alchemist Nicholas Flamel, Victor Hugo and Arthur Rimbaud. During the great surrealist period of the 1920s, he was a key participant in surrealist activities in which his specialty was speaking, writing and drawing while in a “hypnotic sleep.â€? In this trance-like state, he poured out poetry, prose and drawings and was said to have communicated with Hugo, the French Revolutionary leader Maximillion Robespierre and Marcel Duchamp’s alter-ego, Rrose SĂŠlavy. When Rrose SĂŠlavy spoke to Desnos, he recited numerous poetic word plays, short verbal puzzles that operate through substitution of sounds. Les lois de nos dĂŠsirs sont des dĂŠs sans loisir (The laws of our desires are dice without leisure). Between 1922 and 1923, Desnos produced 150 of these pieces, publishing them under the title, Rrose SĂŠlavy. Desnos’s compact poetic mechanisms oscillate between two or more meanings through association of sounds and echoes of meaning that disrupt rational sense. While this was a common surrealist strategy, in Desnos’s case, the voice who spoke was no longer his own but that of Rrose SĂŠlavy (a voice borrowed from Marcel Duchamp). Desnos turned his “hypnotic sleepâ€? method of composition to poetry and longer prose, producing two short novels, Mourning for Mourning and Liberty or Love! in 1924. These longer pieces are a continuation of the surrealist project of psychic automatism, defined by AndrĂŠ Breton as eruptions of spontaneous creation in which the writer supposedly surrenders his/her ego to chance. In Desnos’s novels, automatic writing becomes pure intoxication. His voice summons shipwrecks, tornadoes and rainbows, utilising cinematic techniques to cut spontaneously between scenes, time frames and characters. As in a film, Desnos’s writing moves fluidly between different viewpoints, speeds up to follow a train in flight or slows down to examine the wreckage of its crash, occasionally slipping from his control, it escapes, leaving Robert Desnos behind. In effect, his vocal chords operate as a regulating mechanism that allows a free flow of voices, images, characters and worlds onto the page before beginning to stutter. The voice repeats itself or interrupts itself. Desnos’s novels can be read as the culmination of automatic writing: a collage of varying speeds. Meanwhile two men are playing chess on a rooftop. The ocean coughs up another mermaid skeleton that begins crawling up the beach, scattering crowds of holidaymakers. The cries of sailors can be heard in the distance. When I reach out to touch the skeleton’s bony hand it disintegrates into a dust cloud that momentarily blurs my vision. The dust settles and I am standing in a desert, the Desert Renaut. After the rumble of traffic fades I can hear only the stretching and vibrating of my own vocal chords resonating a hollow interior across the sand. AndrĂŠ Breton wrote in his 1924 Manifesto of Surrealism: “SURREALISM. Pure psychic automatism by which we propose to express either verbally, or in writing, or in any other manner the real functioning of thought. Dictation of thought, in the absence of all control exercised by reason, outside all aesthetic or moral preoccupation.â€? For Desnos, the appeal of automatic writing was not only to throw the mind open to chance. Automatic writing was not just a scientific experiment to discover the secrets of consciousness or operations of the mind but offered access to other selves, other worlds through its transformation of leaden words into golden visions. In 1929, Desnos split with the surrealists over Breton’s insistence that surrealism should align itself with the Communist Party. The restless voice of Robert Desnos could not be arrested and recuperated for utilitarian ends. In his surrealist manifesto of 1930, Desnos accused Breton of (continued on page 6)

Poetics 1


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