Issue 54 South Liverpool December 2011
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WINTER WARMERS by Stephen Guy
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The Victorians more or less invented Christmas as we know it with Santa Claus and decorated trees popular features imported from Germany by Prince Albert.
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Charles Dickens, the prolific best-selling author, also put his stamp on the season with sto-
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ries such as A Christmas Carol. People were heavily dressed to keep warm. Skirts reached the ground and everyone wore hats—even indoors. Children were smeared with goose fat and wore the same vest all winter. A chill could develop into something lethal in no time – people were terrified of pneumonia and influenza which killed countless thousands. Winters were certainly generally colder in the 19th century and technology was used to create private and public retreats from freezing conditions – conservatories and hot houses. The abolition of the glass tax in 1845 allied with new manufacturing processes such as float glass spurred the creation of increasingly sophisticated conservatories where it was sum-
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mer all year round. Most people could not afford to head for the sun so they headed for parks and pleasure grounds instead. Liverpool had several big park conservatories and one of the first was in the Botanic Gardens, Wavertree (pictured). The hot house was built in 1870, designed by town architect E R Robson. It was more than 290 feet long and 30 feet wide, soaring 43 feet high in the middle. Inside luxuriant sub-tropical plants including palms and ferns gave visitors a brief respite from the cold. In Victorian conservatories the temperature was kept high by hot water pipes fed by underground boilers. Humidity was kept high continued on page 20
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