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AGE OF THE AUROCHS by Stephen Guy
The great beasts were the ancestors of domestic cattle which are so much a part of the countryside. Wild auroch roamed Europe, Asia and North Africa.Early man hunted large animals for food, exterminating huge mammoths thousands of years ago. Other large game, including the elephant bird in Madagascar and the moa in New Zealand, survived until relatively modern times. In ancient times aurochs and other large beasts inhabited Merseyside. Bears and wolves competed for food. Wild boar snuffled for acorns in woodland that would later become royal hunting forests. Many animals would be exterminated by man as the nat-
ural landscape was tamed for agriculture. Growing populations needed crops and prehistoric forests were cleared by fire and axe. Early man lived in caves, following a nomadic lifestyle. They tracked and hunted the wandering herds that provided food. Gradually people began to settle and build homes, starting communities which became hamlets, then villages and eventually towns and villages. Aurochs were well built, more than six foot tall with massive horns. They looked different from their descendents, modern cattle. Aurochs had long, slender legs and their heads were larger and more elongated than today’s breeds. We know what they looked like from skele-
tons, hair samples and contemporary descriptions from the last days of the aurochs in the 16th and 17th centuries. Although they were among the earliest creatures to be domesticated, dwindling numbers of wild aurochs survived in remote places. The last recorded specimens died in the Jaktorów Forest, Poland, in 1627. However, their descendants survive throughout much of the world. Domestication over
countless centuries led to the wide variety of cattle we know today. In Britain and other societies cattle have entered folklore. When we visit the countryside, they are a comforting part of the rural scene. An Edwardian postcard (pictured) shows cattle drinking at The Cisterns (also known as Jackson’s Pond) which once stood down the hill from Childwall Church. At this time cattle were also a common sight in Liverpool.
Animals were housed indoors in built-up areas - they rarely came out. They were kept for their milk which would be loaded into metal churns and trundled around the streets in carts. Families would take jugs out to the milkman, who would ladle out the milk. • Learn more about the history of Liverpool at the Museum of Liverpool, PierHead, open 10 am to 5 pm every day, admission free.
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Issue 84 June 2014
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