Favelascape | part 2

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PLANNING The planning strategy of intervention is originated by the results of the local researches on Santa Marta, with a reflection on the strategic moment for urban and social development, that is involving Rio at present: the upcoming events (World Cup 2014, and Olympic games 2016), could give a unique opportunity to the city, if considered as a tool to build a specific city plan, aimed to solve both technical problems and social ones.

The proposed strategy has as objective to turn these events into a tool to nearing the urban divide, and culturally integrating favelas with the formal city, valorizing existing identities, energies and potentialities RIO 2016. WHAT’S THE FUTURE FOR THE CITY? Olymic games resources Olymic games plan for the city WHAT ARE PLANS OF INTEGRATION FOR FAVELAS IN VIEW OF 2016?

PAC favelas Interview to Jorge Mario Jauregui UPP and UPP Social Morar Carioca Program Empresa Bacana Rio Top Tour WHAT ARE THE PLANS OF EXCLUSION FOR FAVELAS IN VIEW OF 2016?

Demolitions of favelas in Barra da Tijuca Walls and barriers around favelas

IS THERE ANY OTHER OPTION THAN EXCUDING AND DIVIDING? Wich are the identities of favelas?

Cultural activities promoted by Ngo/Cultural Groups

WHAT’S THE PROPOSAL AT A CITY SCALE? Open-favelas network Thematic paths within the network

PLANNING

tools of integration and future scenario for Santa Marta

WHAT’S THE FUTURE SCENARIO FOR SANTA MARTA? Decreasing density/Increasing public spaces Increasing fluxes, activities and income possibilities Santa Marta and the new paths Santa Marta and the landscape Santa Marta and the music Santa Marta and the small commerces Santa Marta 2016

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“Rio is at a strategic moment to seize the situation and envision a millennium upgrade of its urban infrastructure.

What if we could come up with ideas where profitable real estate development and improved living conditions for the favellas might be two sides of the same coin?

Bjarke Ingels, Paul Nakazawa, Harvard Design School

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tools of integration and future scenario for Santa Marta

tools of integration and future scenario for Santa Marta

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RIO 2016: WHAT’S THE OPPORTUNITY FOR THE CITY?

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“Rio 2016: an important occasion for urban and social development of the city

“

The upcoming events (world cup 2014, and olympic games 2016), represent for Rio de Janeiro an important occasion for its urban and social development.

If considered as a tool to build a specific city plan, aimed to solve technical problems (as lack of infrastructure, public services, and safety) but as well social problems (as the strong divide between formal and informal settlements), these events could give a unique opportunity to the city.

Rio 2016 represent the occasion to deliver the broader aspirations for the long-term future of the city to hasten the transformation of rio de janeiro into an even greater global city.

In such an unequal country as Brazil, the challenge of the city at this moment, is to turn these events into a tool to nearing the urban divide, investing funding for all the citizens.

In order to provide first class infrastructure, Rio de Janeiro counts on both its existing tourism infrastructure, and considerable investments in the coming years.

Both public and private investors see this as a unique opportunity: many initiatives for qualifying human resources are being implemented, the existing infrastructure will be complemented by big investments during the coming years up to 2016.

For sure athletes and sport fans will benefit of the olympic games 2016 in rio de janeiro, but how can all citizens benefit as well?

How can favelas and commuities take benefit for their development and integration within the city?

“For sure athletes and sport fans

will benefit of the olympic games 2016 in rio de janeiro, but how can all citizens benefit as well?

“How can favelas and commuities “

PLANNING

take benefit for their development and integration within the city?

tools of integration and future scenario for Santa Marta

“

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RESOURCES OF RIO 2016 The Federal Government, State and city of Rio de Janeiro should invest more than 2.2 billion US$ in public investments, coming from partnerships with private funding or from programs destined to modernize the infrastructural

systems of the city. Besides infrastructures, sports facilities, payment of salaries and training of professionals in view of the increase of tourism are priority of the investment. The increased resources will be applied by the city, which provides 1.5 US$

billion in development programs such as deployment of BRT (bus lanes, articulated), expansion of bike lanes and urbanization of communities by the program Living Carioca (which intends to urbanize all city slums by 2020), among others.

TOTAL INVESTMENT

3.264.996.000 US$ OF WHICH: SPORTS EQUIPMENTS

368.252.000 US$ OLYMPIC VILLAGE

327.643.000 US$ MAIN PRESS CENTRE

24.650.000 US$ INTERNATIONAL BROADCAST CENTRE

26.162.000 US$ OTHER NOT SPORTS EQUIPMENTS

47.738.000 US$ TRANSPORTS

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191.142.000 US$ LABOR FOURCE:

191.142.000 US$ CULTURAL PROGRAMS

23.196.000 US$

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WHAT IF THE 1% OF THE TOTAL INVESTMENT WOULD FINANCE DEVELOPMENT PLANS FOR FAVELAS? THE FUNDINGS FOR FAVELAS WOULD BE

32.649.960 US$ OR IF THE 10% OF CULTURAL PROGRAMS WOULD BE DISTINED TO CULTURAL INTEGRATION OF FAVELAS WITH THE FORMAL CITY? THE FUNDINGS FOR FAVELAS WOULD BE

2.319.600 US$ OR IF THE 50% OF LABOUR FORCES WOULD BE DISTINED TO PEOPLE LIVING IN INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS?

PLANNING

95.571.000 US$

tools of integration and future scenario for Santa Marta

THE FUNDINGS FOR FAVELAS WOULD BE

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OLYPMIC GAMES PROJECT Most of the Olympic events will take place at four key areas.

Barra da Tijuca, the American style western suburb of Rio, will hold the swimming, water polo and the diving competition at the Aquatic Center. Barra will contain also the site of the Olympic Village itself. Maracana area, hosting Joao Havelange Stadium, north-west of the downtown, will stage the track and flied events. And the most

famous soccer stadium of Brazil, the Maracana, one of the largest stadiums in the world, will host the opening and closing ceremonies of the 2016 Olympic Games. Along with the Deodoro Park, the third cluster of Olympic sites, where the modern pentathlon, white water events and mountain bike events will take place, is as Maracana in the northern zone of Rio. Although the major competition

venues are located in the above the first three neighborhoods, the legendary south coast beach areas will be included in the staging grounds of the Olympic events as well. Copacabana beach will host the Olympic volleyball and Copacabana waterfront and Flamengo Park will also be the site of triathlon and road cycling.

The Olympic Games, spread in different zone of the city, will

Media Village

IBC | MPC

Water Centre Maria Lenk

Riocentro Pavillon 2 Hokey Olympic Centre Tennis Olympic Centre

Riocentro Pavillon 3

COT (Training Centre)

Rio’s Olympic Arena Olympic Water Stadium

Riocentro Pavillon 6 Riocentro Pavillon 4

Rio Olympic Cycle Track

tools of integration and future scenario for Santa Marta

PLANNING

Olympic Village

permit visitor to have a complete vision of the complexity of the many aspects of the city, and to face as well the always present reality of favelas and informal settlements.

The challenge represented by this event, represent the possibility of rescue and re-valorization of this lost and forgotten territories (but always visible), with the purpose of integration with the formal city.

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RO ODO DE

Olympic Stadium for Slalom Kayak

Olympic Park for Montain Bikes

National Shot Centre Deodoro Arena National Equestrian Centre

Deodoro Park for pentathlon

MA RA

NA CA

Joao Havelange Stadium

Maracanà Stadium Maracanazinho Gymnasium

Sambodromo Flamengo Park

C

A

NA ABA AC OP

BA RR TIJUCA NATIONAL PARK VM

Copacabana Stadium Rodrigo Freitas Lagoon

IBC/ MPC

Copacabana’s Fort

OLYMPIC VILLAGE IBC/ MPC

MEDIA VILLAGE IBC/MPC AIRPORT PORT OLYMPIC HOTELS EXCLUSIVE WAY

SUBWAY RAILWAY 0

1

2

5km

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MAIN WAY

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VM

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WHAT ARE THE PLANS OF INTEGRATION FOR FAVELAS IN VIEW OF RIO 2016?

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“PAC FAVELAS”

WORK IN PROGRESS

INTEGRATING PROJECT During the second mandate of President Lula, the Program PAC (Programa de Aceleração do Crescimento) was created to stimulate economic and social development of the country, trough infrastructural investments in the areas of transport, energy, housing and hydrology.

Concerning Rio de Janeiro’s

favelas, it exists a specific field of intervention, called PAC-Favelas, involving four big informal territories: Alemão, Manguinhos, PavãoPavãozinho/Cantagalo and Rocinha.

The interventions are aimed to provide water supply, sanitation, sewage and drainage system, public light, enlargement and

pavement of streets; construction of new housing units and improvement of existing; construction of public equipments.

Moreover in the community of Alemão a cableway has been installed to improve accessibility to the various hills; and in the community of Manguinhos the train line has been elevated to permit a link between the divi-

COM PLE XO D

E

FA VE L

AS

DO A EM AL

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O

PLANNING

ded communities. The second phase of the Program will start soon, and will involve other nine big communities: Complexo da Penha, Morro do Juramento, Favela do Kelson, Jacarezinho, Complexo de Lins, located in the North Zone of Rio, and Batan, Cidade de Deus and Rio da Pedras, located in the West Zone of Rio de Janeiro.

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COMPLEXO

DE

M GU AN

O INH S

COMPLEXO DA PENHA

FAVELA DO KELSON

Penha

Marè

MORRO DO JURAMENTO Vincente de Carvalho

BATAN Realengo

JACAREZINHO Jacarepaguà

COMPLEXO DO LINS Lins de Vasconcelos

CIDADE DE DEUS Jacarepaguà

RIO DAS PEDRAS Jacarepaguà

CA

-PAVAOZINH AO O V / PA

AGALO NT

ROC I NH A

0

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PAC FAVELAS 1

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PAC FAVELAS 2

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“UPP AND UPP SOCIAL”

WORK IN PROGRESS

INTEGRATING PROJECT UPP (Peacemaker Police Unit), represent a new model of Public Safety and of Police Power that promote an approximation between population and police, strengthen by social politics actuated as well in communities.

Recovering territories that have been controlled by criminals for decades, or by the newer militants, UPPs brought peace

to many communities already.

UPPs represent an important tool to recover lost territories, and to intervene with the purpose of a social integration of the weakest part of population.

After the consolidation of peace conditions, a second part of the Program could start; it is called UPP Social, and it has been promoted by “Social assistance

and human rights Secretary” in August 2010.

The main objective of this intervention is the creation of an integrated city before 2016.

The strategy adopted by local governments to intervene in favelas, is following two main steps: Pacification of communities, trough intervention of peacema-

ker police unit; After disarmament of pacified communities, social and cultural interventions can follow.

Because of this, anthropologists and social assistants were contracted to be responsible for every pacified community to promote specific social interventions depending on each pacified community needs.

UPP SANTA MARTA

UPP DA LADEIRA DOS TABAJARAS/ MORRO DOS CABRITOS

UPP MORRO DOS MACACOS

UPP MANGUEIRA

since 28th November 2008

UPP DA CIDADE DE DEUS

since 14th January 2010

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UPP DA PROVIDENCIA UPP DA BATAN

since 14th October 2010

UPP DO CERRO-CORA’ UPP DO SAO CARLOS

since 16th February 2009

UPP SALGUEIRO UPP DO FALLET

UPP DO BOREL UPP DA BABILONIA / CHAPEU-MANGUEIRA

since 07th June 2010

since 10th June 2009

UPP DA FORMIGA

not yet installed

not yet installed

since 26th April 2010

since 18th February 2009

not yet installed

not yet installed

UPP DO FIGUETEIRO not yet installed

since 01st July 2010

UPP DA CANTAGALO / PAVAO-PAVAOZINHO

UPP DO ANDARAÌ

UPP MORRO DOS PRAZERES

since 23rd December 2009

since 28th July 2010

not yet installed

not yet installed

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BATAN Realengo

PARQUE ALEGRIA Caju

MANGUEIRA

PROVIDENCIA Sao Cristo/Gamboa

Vila Isabel

MORRO DOS MACACOS Vila Isabel

MORRO SAO CARLOS Tijuca

FALLET ANDARAI’

SALGUEIRO

Santa Teresa

Tijuca

FUGUETEIRO Santa Teresa

Tijuca

MORRO DOS PRAZERES Santa Teresa

BOREL CIDADE DE DEUS Jacarepaguà

Tijuca

FORMIGA Tijuca

CERRO-CORA’ Laranjeiras

TURANO Tijuca

SANTA MARTA Botafogo

BABILONIA/CHAPEU MANGUEIRA Leme

LADEIRA DOS TABAJARAS Copacabana

CANTAGALO/PAVAO-PAVAOZINHO Ipanema/Copacabana

0

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INSTALLED UPP UNIT

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NEXT UPP UNIT

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“MORAR CARIOCA” PROGRAM

PROGRAM JUST PRESENTED

INTEGRATING PROJECT

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The program schedules interventions of urbanization and integration of all the favelas of Rio de Janeiro until 2020.

The purpose of the Program is generally to guarantee worthy environment for low income population, so that communities in 2020 could be really integra-

ted to the formal city. Besides urbanization, the guidelines are aimed at conservation of public space, regularization of settlements, introduction of POUSO (Urbanistic and Social Orientation Post) in every community and relocation of inhabitants living in risked areas; a new legi-

slation system and urban control of growth will be also applied to all the informal settlements. The first two communities to be benefitted are Morro da Coroa, in Santa Teresa, South Zone, and São José Operário, in Jacarepaguá, West Zone.

In the two communities almost

50 millior R$ (30 million $).

The works include urbanization and implantation of infrastructure, improvement of water supply, sewage and drainage system; new streets and pavements, squares, public spaces for leisure and sport, public lighting, collecting centre.

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SAO JOAO OPERARIO Jacarepaguà

MORRO DA COROA Santa Teresa

MORAR CARIOCA FIRST PHASE 0

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MORAR CARIOCA UNTIL 2020

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OTHER URBANIZATION PROGRAMS

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“EMPRESA BACANA”

PROGRAM JUST PRESENTED

INTEGRATING PROJECT

tools of integration and future scenario for Santa Marta

PLANNING

The program, promoted by “Development Secretary” and “Public order Secretary”, offers the possibility of legalization, and as a consequence the possibility of getting funding, to commercial activities acting in the informal sector. The program offers as well capacitation of business’ managers.

Rio de Janeiro State Government opened a bank loan line, which found could variate between 170 $ and 3.500 $, to open new commercial activities or reform the existing ones. In particular the project want to increase formalization and opening of kiosks, manufactured cooperatives and other

small enterprises.

Sebrae (Agência de apoio ao empreendedor e pequeno empresário) offers qualification courses for young manager of small independent activities.

The first areas where the project will start are Cidade de Deus, and communities located in the neighborhood Tijuca.

It has been noticed that commercial activities are growing faster and faster in informal areas, especially after pacification processes; so it emerged the necessity of a strategy of support to these activities, giving possibilities of funding, and a basic preparation in fields of management and economy.

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ANDARAI Tijuca Jacarepaguà

BOREL Tijuca

CIDADE DE DEUS

MORRO DA FORMIGA Tijuca

1

2

5km

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0

tools of integration and future scenario for Santa Marta

INSTALLED EMPRESA BACANA

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“RIO TOP TOUR”

WORK IN PROGRESS

INTEGRATING PROJECT

tools of integration and future scenario for Santa Marta

PLANNING

Rio top tour is a touristic project of social inclusion, promoted in Santa Marta in the beginning of August by President Lula. The Program wants to take advantage of already existing tourism and increment a sustainable tourism in favelas, with the purpose of increasing income

possibilities for people living in communities. The project provide investments in qualification of turistic guides, touristic info points, and touristic path, with an investment of 106.000 $ from Ministry of Tourism, more 25.000 from Rio de Janeiro’s State Government.

The first community to be benefitted by the project has been Santa Marta, where 50 young inhabitants are already following courses to be certified as touristic guides, and information panels have been already installed along the main paths, pointing the main attraction of

the community. A first touristic information centre has been installed in Praça Corumbà, in Botafogo, to divulge the project.

After Santa Marta, Chapéu Mangueira/Babilônia, Pavão Pavãozinho-Cantagalo, Tabajaras/Cabritos, Borel and Cidade de Deus will be attended.

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BOREL CIDADE DE DEUS

Tijuca

Jacarepaguà

SANTA MARTA Botafogo

BABILONIA/CHAPEU MANGUEIRA Leme

LADEIRA DOS TABAJARAS Copacabana

CANTAGALO/PAVAO-PAVAOZINHO Ipanema/Copacabana

1

2

5km

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INSTALLED RIO TOP TOUR 0

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NEXT RIO TOP TOUR

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WHAT ARE THE PLANS OF EXCLUSION FOR FAVELAS IN VIEW OF RIO 2016?

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DEMOLITION OF VILA AUTODROMO

WORK IN DEBATE

EXCLUDING PROJECT

tools of integration and future scenario for Santa Marta

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The projects in the area of Barra da Tijuca, destined to host the Olympic Games 2016, would oblige the remotion and relocation of an entire community, the favela of Vila Autodromo, existing since the 70’s. The Major, Eduardo Paes, promised an in-

demnification or the relocation of dwellers, that means the move to an other area of the city, loosing the social dimensions and network of inhabitants, in view of new hopes for the all city thanks to the event. Since the moment of the official announcement the

VILA AUTODROMO FAVELA

community has reacted with a strong mobilization.

Remotion of favela, is not only contrary to the brazilian law, but as well to the majority of international principles and compromises adopted by Brazil about rights to the city. Federal Con-

stitution, City Statute, Habitat Agenda, general observations from ONU about Economical, Social and Cultural Rights, the World Paper for the Right to the City elaborated by the popular movements, refuse remotion of settlements.

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DA TIJUCA BARRA

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2

1

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BARRIERS/WALLS AROUND FAVELAS

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EXCLUDING PROJECT

Along “Linha Vermelha” and “Linha Amarela”, the main accesses to the city, Rio de Janeiro Municipality promoted the construction of sounds barriers. The action provoked many criticism: government has never invested to reduce noise pollution, so the justification fails immediately. The barriers are covering all the favelas located along the streets. The paradox is that they are hiding not such a marvelous reality, but they are painted with images of favelas, samba musicists, and other icons of popular culture.

BARRIERS

WORK IN PROGRESS

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WALLS 0

1

2

5km

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tools of integration and future scenario for Santa Marta

Around many favelas located in the South Zone of Rio, concrete walls have been built during the last year. The justification is to limit the expansion of communities in the forest.

Many critics affirm the walls are symbol of segregation, excluding favelas from the city.

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IS THERE ANY OTHER OPTION THAN HIDING AND DIVIDING?

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“The cause of violence is not poverty, but the lack of identity that leads to the production of people without roots, without a feeling of belonging. Without a sense of perspective.

Building Brazil requires more than steel, cement, and expertise in composition of space.

It requires the beauty of belonging, in an architecture of identities.�

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Jilberto Dimenstein, journalist

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“favela: territory of the city

“

“favela: new meaning of the word

“

“favela: space of social, cultural

and economical diversity

“

Favelas need to be recognized as a territory of the city for the construction of the image of a contemporary Rio de Janeiro, respecting cultural and historical diversities, and trying to develop a new meaning of the world “favela” itself, not anymore related to violence and drugs-dealing, but to positive energies and potentialities.

It is important to show that there is an other face of favelas, not just the one represented by media, which directly link the image “favela = land of violence and poorness”.

If in many slums in the world the marginalization leaded just to war between gangs, in Rio the most important wars were between Schools of Samba, or soccer teams; this attests that these forms of expression can become a tool to draw meanings of belongingness against violence.

Valorization of the identities and development of existing potentialities become a fundamental tool of cultural integration and exchange with the city.

An important interpretation of favelas present the identity of communities as a space of social, cultural and economical diversity; spaces of singular creativity, where people build their action to get innovation.

This diversity is already manifested with the presence of some cultural initiatives, concerning especially art and theatre, traditions from the North-East, and a manufactured industry, developed in different ways in every community and from different actors.

PLANNING

tools of integration and future scenario for Santa Marta

These cultural aspects, when valorized and advertised, could permit the creation of cultural paths inside communities, differentiated depending on the specificity and identities of every favela.

tools of integration and future scenario for Santa Marta

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WHICH ARE THE IDENTITIES OF FAVELAS?

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FAVELAS AND LANDSCAPE The relation between most of the favelas with the hilly landscape characterizing Rio de Janeiro, permit to develop many natural paths starting from communities and going through the Tijuca National Park, or till the top of many “morros”. The development of these paths could permit to improve a sustainable tourism, supporting and implementing the project “Rio Top Tour” promoted by Rio de Janeiro Municipality, that encourage the formation of community touristic guides.

Communities could host the starting point of the ecological trails, information centres, and entrances of the park, involving inhabitants as ecological guides, and involving the entire community with the passage of an higher number of visitants that could take advantage of other local offers as commercial activities.

FAVELAS AND MUSIC Brazilian music manifests an incredible richness and diversity: the most known genders samba and bossa nova are native of Rio, and present strong influences coming from immigrants from Africa and from the State of Bahia.

The growth of samba, which main expression of vitality and richness is represented during carnival parades, represent one of the most important expression of music cultural richness, that was mainly developed in favelas.

As well “funk carioca”, “brazilian funk”, or “funk das favelas”, is a music style that was born in favelas of Rio. This potentiality could be valorized with the creation of a network of public spaces destined to music: squares for music, amphitheatre and schools of music.

FAVELAS AND CULTURAL/ ECONOMICAL DIVERSITY

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tools of integration and future scenario for Santa Marta

An important interpretation of favelas present the identity of communities as a space of social, cultural and economical diversity. Spaces of singular creativity, where people build their action to get innovation, they manifested their vitality with the presence of many initiatives, concerning specially art and theatre, traditions from the north-east, and a manufactured industry, developed in different ways in every community.

Commerce in detail is as well an important sector for the local economy of informal settlements; incentivating the development of new commercial activities, through the creation of spaces destined to these activities, or through a change in expansion rules for existing building, would improve incomes possibilities and new economical fluxes.

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RELEVANT CULTURAL ACTIVITIES PROMOTED BY NGO OR CULTURAL GROUPS CULTURAL CENTRE: MUSIC, THEATRE, DANCE DO MORRO: VISUAL ART AND THEATRE SCHOOL 01 NOS Workshop of Thatre, Set Design, Direction, Production, Cinema, Photography, Art, Literature, Sing, Percussion.

CULTURAL CENTRE WALY SALOMAO 02AFROREGGAE: Conference Room, Library, Video Library, Theatre, Sound recording Rooms and Mixing Rooms.

TECHNOLOGICAL CENTRE 03 AFROREGGAE: Radio, New Media, Library, Internet Rooms.

Workshop of Dance, Music, Capoeira.

DANCE AND MUSIC SCHOOL 04 AFROREGGAE: Workshop of Percussions, Music, Dance, Theatre ,Circus.

AMPHITHEATRE BENJAMIN OLIVEIRA 05AFROREGGAE: Workshop of Circus, Acrobatics, Theatre.

CENTRAL UNICA DA FAVELA 06CUFA, Workshop of Street Art, Dance and Theatre; Library, Reading rooms.

MUSEUM AND ART DA PROVIDENCIA MUSEUM 07 MORRO Open Air Museum showing the historical places of the first favela of Rio de Janeiro.

535 08GALERIA Contemporary art museum, founded by the NGO Observatorio das Favelas.

Various expositions.

DA FAVELA 09MUSEU Museum about history of favelas, cultural origin of samba, migrations from the north-east.

PAINTING: STREET ART 10 FAVELA Street Art Project realized in Vila Cruzeiro, directed by the dutch artists Haas&Hans (Jeroen Koolhaas and Dre Urhahn), realized by inhabitants.

11

MORRINHO Maquete, representing a favela, born as a game realized by two young inhabitants of the community, is now travelling around the world at different expositions.

tools of integration and future scenario for Santa Marta

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SAMBA

12 GRES Imperatriz Leopoldinense 13 GRES Estaรงao Primeira da Mangueira 14 GRES Mocidade Independente de Padre Miguel 15 GRES Portela 16 GRES Academicos do Salgueiro 17 GRES Uniao da Ilha do Governador 18 GRES Unidos da Tijuca 19 GRES Unidos de Vila Isabel NATURE AND LANDSCAPE SUSTAINABLE TOURS 20BABILONIA Trakking tours, guided by inhabitants, from favela ChapeuMangueira, till the top of Babilonia Hill.

DA PAZ 21 MIRANTE Panoramic view point at the top of Cantagalo elevator.

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Ramos

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5km

2

1

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WHAT’S THE PROPOSAL AT A CITY SCALE?

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OPEN-FAVELAS NETWORK “13 safe favelas “ “4 areas of the city “ “3 strong identities “ “1 network “ Starting from existing identities, cultural activities, and potentialities, the network of “open-favelas”, becomes a tool to create new fluxes of exchanges in two direction between formal and informal settlements, to reach the idea of integrated city.

A selection of a network of open-favelas, wherein intervene with cultural projects aimed at the valorization and the development of the existing identities through physical interventions on public spaces, become the start of a process of cultural integration with the city, that hasn’t been enough supported by previous interventions, but that is slowly starting to be considered in public politics.

The process of intervention starts by creating positive attractive centers inside communities, with a double objective: from one side drawing new meanings of belongings and giving new possibility of cultural and economic rescue for informal inhabitants, from the other side offering new possibilities of interests for people living on the asphalt or tourists that want to discover the complexity of the reality of Rio and the cultural vitality of favelas.

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Physically the interventions in favelas, depending on the most expressed potentialities by every community, consist in the development of thematic paths related to landscape, music or cultural/economical diversity.

The challenge of the strategy is that, by creating new attractive polos and improving new fluxes of interaction between formal and informal city, both the local demand of development of public space quality, cultural services and income possibilities, and the increase of a touristic demand would be satisfied.

The first network has been chosen following criteria of : safety conditions (the purpose of municipality safety program of occupation by upp units, should have been that after pacification, cultural interventions should have followed); strong manifested identity (favelas are the birthplace of unique traditions that influenced in many aspects the popular culture of cariocas; these strong identities have always been post-put in the background because of the emerging violence caused by the presence of a minority but dominating ìparallel powerî, that the state has not been able to fight for years.

The growing interest in including favelas to the city, actuated by the state in the last years permits to promote at present a strategy that can involve and include informal settlements to the rest of the city valorizing their potentialities); localization within the area of Rio 2016 (to take advantage of this event to rescue the image of favelas worldwide).

PACABANA B:CO

A:BARR AD AT IJ

C:M AR AC

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EODORO D:D

A UC

A AN

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OPEN-FAVELAS

RIO 2016 AREA

OPEN-FAVELAS NETWORK

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FAVELAS

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THEMATIC PATHS WITHIN THE NETWORK A: BARRA DA TIJUCA AREA DE DEUS [CULTURE + MUSIC] 01 CIDADE After the homonym movie, the image of the community was related to extreme violence that sharpened discrimination and emargination of the community.

In the last years many groups (samba, sport, theatre, cine-club) were founded in CDD, as well as a seat of CUFA (Central Unica das Favelas).

B: LAGOA FREITAS / COPACABANA / PARCO DO FLAMENGO AREA DO CANTAGALO / PAVAO-PAVAOZINHO [CULTURE + LANDSCAPE] 02MORRO The position of the community, located between Ipanema and Copacabana, gives the possibility to have a marvellous viewpoint on these neighbourhoods.

The presence of the new infrastructure systems, realized thanks to PAC Program, makes easy to access and reach the top of the hill.

The presence of the Museu da Favela, and the Afroreggae Amphitheatre, permit the promotion of cultural activities.

DOS TABAJARAS/ MORRO DOS CABRITOS [LANDSCAPE + MUSIC] 03 LADEIRA Starting from these two communities is possible to the rich, with around an hour walking, the top of the hills Morro da Saudade and Morro dos Cabritos, from where is possible to appreciate a view on the next Lagoa de Freitas, Copacabana and Pao de Açucar.

The first “pacified baile funk” has been organized in these communities. The success of the event gives an hope for future parties.

MARTA [CULTURE + LANDSCAPE +MUSIC] 04 SANTA The location of the community on Maciço da Tijuca, make this community a perfect starting point for excursion till Mirante Dona Marta, just over the community, and till the Redentor Christ.The presence of a school music and of other music groups, could be an high potencial of attraction.The project Favela Painting, realized by the dutch artists Haas&Hans (Jeroen Koolhaas and Dre Urhahn), and the Michael Jackson Monument could be as well interesting attractor.

/ CHAPEU-MANGUEIRA [LANDSCAPE] 05BABILONIA Starting from these two communities is possible to the rich, with around an hour walking, the top of the hill Morro da Babilonia and Morro dos Cabritos, from where is possible to appreciate a view on the Copacabana and Pao de Açucar.

DOS PRAZERES [CULTURE + LANDSCAPE] 06MORRO A photografic/historical project has been realized with help of inhabitants, to keep memories of people from the community.

The images are part of a virtual museum “Museu da Pessoa” (Museum of People), that could become physical in the community.

C: MARACANA AREA DO SAO CARLOS [MUSIC] 07 MORRO In this community born the first school of samba of Rio de Janeiro. Founded in 1928, “Deixa Falar” was estinguished years later.

DA PROVIDENCIA [CULTURE] 08MORRO First favela of Rio de Janeiro, present an open-air museum, showing the historical buidings and churches built in the communities, amd offers a marvellous view on the central region of Rio and Niteroi.

[MUSIC + LANDSCAPE] 09SALGUEIRO Its identity is immediately related to his famous school of samba GRES Academicos do Salgueiro.

[MUSIC] 10 MANGUEIRA Its identity is so related to his famous school of samba, that even the train station of Mangueira is painted in pink and green, colours of GRES Estaçao Primeira da Mangueira.

tools of integration and future scenario for Santa Marta

PLANNING

11

MORRO DOS MACACOS

[MUSIC]

Its identity is immediately related to his famous school of samba GRES Unidos de Vila Isabel.

In the last years fightings agains police, achieved a violent image that provoked a lot of discrimination.

DO BOREL [MUSIC + LANDSCAPE] 12 MORRO Its identity is immediately related to his famous school of samba GRES Unidos de Vila Isabel.

In the last years fightings agains police, achieved a violent image that provoked a lot of discrimination.

D: DEODORO AREA DO BATAN [CULTURE] 13 FAVELA Its population coming from north-east of Brazil, kept many culinary and handwork traditions, typical from the original regions of provenance.

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CA

A:BARR A DA

PACABANA B:CO

TIJ U

C:M ARA CA

EODORO D:D

NA

FAVELAS CULTURAL DIVERSITY NETWORK

MUSIC NETWORK RIO 2016 AREA 0

1

2

5km

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LANDSCAPE NETWORK

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FAVELAS WITHIN THE NETWORK

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WHAT’S THE FUTURE SCENARIO FOR SANTA MARTA?

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212 tools of integration and future scenario for Santa Marta

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DECREASING DENSITY INCREASING PUBLIC SPACES

The process of informal growth of the community along many years of occupation, brought the phenomenon of densification and verticalization to really high level. As a consequence, every free land has been occupied, causing an almost absence of public spaces.

To face this problem, local government have always acted with demolitions of buildings.

These plannning strategies have always been considered a delicate argue to deal with: generally inhabitants don’t accept them, especially when the selection of buildings to be removed is not realized with selective criteria based on the analysis of real condition of risk of the building itself, but by general needs of development planning.

In the case of Santa Marta, many interviewee people, declared that, according to them, one of the priorities for a future development of the community, would be the selective remotion of the many wooden huts, in conditions of risk and unworthy liveableness, still present in the favela.

Considering participation as a priority for the success of a planning strategy in informal settlement, the buildings that have been selected to be removed, are presenting characteristic, dimensions and materials unworthy for human lives.

The demolitions of these buildings, which owner will be re-located inside the community in new housing blocks, permit to open new public spaces inside the dense build tissue, bringing new functions inside the community.

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BEFORE DEMOLITIONS 1.335 existing buildings

1250SQM

existing public spaces

7800SQM

free area not utilized at the borders

AFTER DEMOLITIONS 1.235 existing buildings

4500SQM new area for public spaces

7800SQM

area of new public interventions

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214

INCREASING FLUXES, ACTIVITIES AND INCOMES POSSIBILITIES

“three thematic paths

“

“formoreinhabitants incomes possibilities “

“formoretourists/people possibilities of interests living in the formal city “ “and network of public spaces activities “ The long process of analysis conducted along the researches, displayed some lacks and some potentiality of the community of Santa Marta.

The processes of urbanization and “formalization” promoted in Santa Marta along the last years, from one side brought benefits, improving general conditions of the community (even if many interventions are still missing), but from the other side caused a rise of the economic level request to live in the favela itself (mostly because of introduction of system of taxation) without a real change in the economic situation of families or in the possibilities of incomes.

The risk is that in some years, the poorest part of the population will be obliged to migrate to other communities, because it won’t be able to meet the costs.

The problem of social exclusion from labour market of people living in communities has been partially forgotten from previous interventions.

The emergency of a strategy that provide new possibilities of income inside the community itself is clear.

The proposal wants to improve possibilities of incomes inside the community, to take advantages of the interest already increasing of tourists visiting favelas.

tools of integration and future scenario for Santa Marta

PLANNING

The proposed system provides the implantation of three thematic paths (landscape, music and commerce), phisically and ideologically linking Santa Marta with the city, in order to open the community showing positive aspects of its identity, to reinforce meanings of belongings of inhabitants, but as well to attract people from the asphalt.

The paths are constitued by a network of key areas, always providing both services destined to the community, and activities destined to external people.

The choice of the areas of interventions has been determined especially by the desire of reverting areas that present a negative acception for inhabitants (as the area along the new concrete wall, or dump areas) to important public spaces.

The system creates a network of public spaces and activities that animates the community in all its sectors.

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Beautifully located at the feet of Corcovado Mountain, Santa Marta represent a perfect starting point for an ecological trail inside Tijuca’s Park, directed to the Redentor Christ, passing trough Dona Marta viewpoint or Oswaldo Seabra viewpoint.

The link between landscape and favela could be strengthen creating some key points as a research centre for the Atlantic Forest, a botanic garden, a touristic information centre, creating a network that link the formal city to the landscape, passing trough the community with its new activities.

Moreover sensitize population about landscape and ecology giving them educational buildings, could be a better tool to solve problems as invasion of the forest than just building a segregation wall.

SANTA MARTA AND LANDSCAPE

The community has always presented a variety of music activities: this vitality slowed down after pacification, because in the beginning of the occupation, the State thought that repression of every manifestation (musical as well) was a good way of controlling the community and avoiding occurrence of accidents.

This politics is slowly changing into more flexible rules, that could permit the creation of a network of public spaces destined to musical activities.

The creation of a network of public spaces destined to different musical activities (musical playground, samba square, funk square. school of music) could be useful to improve inhabitants social life, and as well could attract people from the outside, improving incomes for the community, and improving the image of the community from people living on the asphalt.

SANTA MARTA AND MUSIC

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SANTA MARTA AND COMMERCE

tools of integration and future scenario for Santa Marta

An important interpretation of favelas present the identity of communities as a space of social, cultural and economical diversity: spaces of singular creativity, where people build their action to get innovation. Art, culture and local economy have always been an important tool to make a reflection about these social spaces. This diversity is manifested with the presence of many economic initiatives, represented by the informal small commerce. The possibility to have a network of new public spaces destined to commerce, valorizing diversity of activities, traditions from immigrants, and a manufactured industry, could improve local income, and attract interest of people living in the formal city.

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SANTA MARTA AND THE NEW PATHS

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217

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SANTA MARTA AND LANDSCAPE

TIJUCA NATIONAL PARK

LENGTH: 3,9 km HEIGHT DIFFERENCE: 361 mt DIFFICULTY: medium TYPOLOGY: walking path TIME: 1-1.30 h

VIEWPOINT E: CRISTO REDENTOR

tools of integration and future scenario for Santa Marta

PLANNING

VIEWPOINT TIJUCA NATIONAL PARK LIMIT EXISTING WALKING PATH NEW WALKING PATH NEW TREKKING TRAIL BUS STOP METRO STATION

LENGTH: 1 km HEIGHT DIFFERENCE: 361 mt DIFFICULTY: high TYPOLOGY: climbing path TIME: 2 h

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LENGTH: 0,7 km HEIGHT DIFFERENCE: 48 mt DIFFICULTY: easy TYPOLOGY: walking path TIME: 20 m

VIEWPOINT D: MIRANTE DONA MARTA

LENGTH: 0,4 km HEIGHT DIFFERENCE: 165 mt DIFFICULTY: medium TYPOLOGY: walking path TIME: 20 m

VIEWPOINT B: MIRANTE PICO DO MORRO

LENGTH: 0,5 km HEIGHT DIFFERENCE: 80 mt DIFFICULTY: easy TYPOLOGY: walking path TIME: 15 m

VIEWPOINT A: MIRANTE SANTA MARTA

VIEWPOINT C: MIRANTE OSWALDO SEABRA

LENGTH: 0,3 km HEIGHT DIFFERENCE: 150 mt DIFFICULTY: easy TYPOLOGY: walking path TIME: 15 m

FROM:centro catete flamengo TO: jardim botanico gavea leblon

5m

SUBWAY LINE 1: botafogo-saens pena

10 m

15 m

PLANNING

FROM:leblon ipanema copacabana TO: botafogo flamengo centro

SUBWAY LINE 2: botafogo-pavuna

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FROM:centro catete flamengo TO: copacabana leme

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SANTA MARTA AND LANDSCAPE The project for landscape consists in a path, linking the formal city with the top of the community, and then with the Tijuca’s Park.

Along the path, many new functions are distributed, bringing equilibrium to the community that have never received interventions at the west side.

The new buildings, hosting both functions destined to the community and to external people, is mostly disposed along the concrete wall to reverse the meaning of the wall itself: from symbol of segregation to place of meeting and exchange. The concrete wall is used, broken, overstep by the new interventions, losing is clear image of urban divide tool. At the highest part of the community, different trails conduce though the atlantic forest, with an obliged stop at the touristic information centre, entrance to the park.

TOURISTIC INFORMATION CENTRE PUBLIC LIBRARY Thanks to the program Rio Top Tour, municipality of Rio de Janeiro promoted courses for 50 touristic guides in the community, especially in view of Rio 2016. The design of new trails going inside Tijuca’s Park, and the creation of a touristic information centre incentivize to use the community as a start for exploring the Tijuca’s Park, and admiring an incredible landscape from the top of the community.

A small public library offers a quite study room for inhabitants.

Thanks to the program Mutirao, municipality of Rio de Janeiro promotes the presence of an equip composed by one forest engineer to supervise the equip working on the field.

The equip in Santa Marta, composed by one responsible and five attendants, selected between inhabitants, has the objective of reforest specific areas, keeping clean the existing planting areas, and take care of the botanic garden for atlantic forest species.

The creation of a botanic garden for cultivation of species inside the community permit to have directly the plants for the reforestation area, but as well to start a commerce of species, improving local incomes.

The presence of kids in the same area incentivizes an environmental and ecological education, that is strongly lacking between inhabitants.

BOTANIC GARDEN FOR ATLANTIC FOREST SPECIES GARDEN FOR SCHOOL KIDS

CENTRE OF STUDY ON PRESERVATION OF ATLANTIC FOREST NURSERY/SCHOOL

tools of integration and future scenario for Santa Marta

PLANNING

The community had the illusion of receiving a nursery in 2004, but just two years after it was destined to host the Police Unit.

Including a project for a complete educational cycle in Santa Marta, represent the possibility of rescue for future generations.

The school and the nursery can share some laboratories with the research centre. Together with the botanic garden, a research centre on the atlantic forest sensitizes the community and generally cariocas, to the important topic of preservation of the forest.

A nursery for native plants is the main function of the building.

DAY CARE CENTRE MEDICAL POST Public schools in Brazil are organized with a double turn, some children are going to school in the morning, some others in the afternoon.

This cause, especially concerning the morning, the presence of many children without a space to stay while their parents are working. A crumbling day care centre is already active in Santa Marta, with some volunteers from the community, but the conditions of the building are precarious.

The necessity of a centre to solve these lack is evident.

The day care centre hosts as well a medical post, necessary for the 10.000 inhabitants of the community.

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PLANNING

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25m

10

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SEARCH

INFOPOINT

SANTA MARTA AND LANDSCAPE

“Cool! We can visit it tomorrow!

I read on “O Globo” there are many new activities in Santa Marta now! ......

The bus is here, let’s go!!!”

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PLANNING

“Look Carlos!

It’s the new project I told you about!”

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224

“This palm is growing wonderfully!”

“Yes, in a week we can already plant it in the reforestation area”

DAY CARE CENTRE

tools of integration and future scenario for Santa Marta

PLANNING

“Why don’t we go studying in the library?”

“Then let’s go to the day care centre, we are here already!”

RESEARCH

SANTA MARTA AND LANDSCAPE

“The plants’ nursery is quite advanced, don’t you think?”

225

“What did I say???

Come in the line immediately!!!”

“We are coming!!!”

“Which subject do you have today?”

“Science!The teacher will bring us to the lab in the reasearch centre”

“Indeed”

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226

SANTA MARTA AND THE MUSIC

Arame de Ricardo Ricardo de Alburique

Rosa de Ouro Oswaldo Cruz

Unidos de Padre Miguel Mocidade de Padre Miguel Padre Miguel

Padre Miguel

União de Jacarepaguà Campinho

Unidos de Vila Kennedy

Tradição

Bangu

Campinho

Delirio da Zona Oeste Campo Grande

Sereno Campo Grande Campo Grande

Imperio da Praça Sec Praça Sec

Renascer de Jacarep

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PLANNING

Jacare

Samba’s School Favela of the samba’s school

227

Boi da Ilha Ilha do Governador

Grande Rio Duque Caxias

Academicos do Vigario Geral Vigario Geral

União da Ilha

Unidos de Lucas

Ilha do Governador

Parada de Lucas

Favo de Acarì Acarì

Unidos de Vila de Santa Teresa Coelho Neto

Coraçoes Unidos do Amarelinho Complexo do Amarelinho

Unidos do Uraiti Colegio

Mocidade de Vincente Carvalho

Imperatriz Leopoldinense

Vincente Carvalho

Ramos

Academicos do Dendè

Academicos do Engenho da Rainha

Dendè

Nova Holanda

Paraiso da Alvorada

Vaz Lobo

Complexo do Alemão

Em cima da hora

Mocidade Indipendente de Inhauma

Cavalcanti

Portela Madureira

Gato de Bonsuccesso

Engenho da Rainha

União de Vaz Lobo

Imperio Serrano

Inhauma

Bohemios da Inhauma

Madureira

Inhauma

Unidos de Manguinhos Manguinhos

Caprichosos de Pilares

Arrastão da Cascadura

Unidos do Jacarezinho

Pilares

Cascadura

Academicos da Abolição Abolição

Ramos

Dificil è o nomen

Unidos da Tijuca

Pilares

Tijuca

Unidos do Cabral ca

Infantes da Piedade

ca

Engenho de Dentro

Arranco

Paraiso de Tuiuti

Cachambi

São Cristovão

Engenho de Dentro

Vizinha Faladeira

Beija-Flor de Nilopolis

Santo Cristo

Saude

Estação Primeira Mangueira Lins Imperial

São Clemente

Mangueira

Centro

Lins de Vasconcelos

Unidos do Cabuçu Lins de Vasconcelos

Estacio da Sà Morro de São Carlos

Salgueiro

Flor da Mina

Salgueiro

Andaraì

Canarios de Laranjeiras

União do Parque Curicica

Flamengo

Jacarepaguà

Imperio da Tijuca Morro da Formiga

Unidos do Anil Anil

paguà

Mocidade Unida do Santa Marta

epaguà

Santa Marta

Mocidade Unida de Jacarepaguà Cidade de Deus

Unidos da Vila Rica Copacabana

Alegria da Zona Sul Pavão-Pavãozinho

Academicos da Rocinha Rocinha

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228

SANTA MARTA AND THE MUSIC The great musical vitality, always expressed in Santa Marta, has never found adequate spaces for public manifestations inside the community itself.

Moreover, since the occupation done by UPP, a new tendency to prohibitionism of events and manifestation imposed by the “new regime” slew down many initiatives, letting inhabitants with a feeling of resignation and frustration.

Music expression represents an important part of daily life in carioca’s culture, and need to be recognized as a fundamental positive tool to fight against marginality.

Now that the process of installation of UPP is consolidated and rules are less straight, the community has started again organizing events and concerts, with the approval of UPP Captain, in the few narrow spaces that can host these activities.

“Knowing. Hearing. Playing. Dancing” is the conducting line of the program for public spaces for music in Santa Marta. Planned to host different activities, the network serve a wide range of audiences of all ages, so representing an effective tool of social inclusion for all the community.

The new network of musical spaces could improve quality of manifestations, essamble more people, especially from the outside, improving incomes possibilities for all the community.

These new public spaces have the purpose of giving a strong signal of comprehension and support of the important musical vitality always expressed by favelas, but never really supported with local investments on public spaces.

SHOOL OF MUSIC

SAMBA’S SQUARE

A

OPEN-AIR CONCERT STAGE AND SQUARE Located next to the 4th station of the funicular system, Samba’s Square provide the perfect ambience to organize events and concerts, giving the possibility to assemble many people, and to put on show different typologies of events. The existing buildings become the walls of the open-air stalls; the stairs become seats, giving possibility to put on a show concerts or theatre piece with a seated audience. The big surface at the same level permit to have a wide dance floor, ideal for “baile funk”, or a “roda de samba”. The square becomes the social core of the community, representation of its cultural vitality.

B

“ATITUDE SOCIAL” NGO SEAT The school of music “Atitude Social”, already present in the community since 2004, is becoming more and more a point of reference and a meeting point for educational growth and for new hopes for many children and young people in the community.

The building hosting the school at present, even presenting unworthy and unhealthy conditions, became a symbol of rescue for young inhabitants, behaving as a social catalyst of positive energies.

The school works thanks to volunteers that, giving music lessons for free and organizing events to open the school to the city, are putting all their affords in this project; the limits are given by the physical structure of the school itself.

The new building and square, destined to the school of music, have the purpose of recognizing the importance of a musical education for a cultural development, increasing feelings of social meaning of belongingness. The quality of the space improves learning conditions for young musicians, allow to conduce many lessons at the same time, and give to possibility to realize small concerts in the auditorium.

MUSICAL PLAYGROUND

tools of integration and future scenario for Santa Marta

PLANNING

CHILDREN PLAYGROUND FOR MUSIC Located in the hearth of the community, easily reachable by children because of its proximity with the 3rd funicular station, the existing nursery “Mundo Infantil”, and the new educational complex located along the concrete wall, the musical playground offers different possibilities of expression and play for children, that didn’t have any other place destined to them, apart a narrow and tiny playground of about 30 sq. mt.

The importance of public spaces has been shown to decrease the everyday stress of parenting in urban poor areas, bridging the community together, providing opportunities far not only for children, but also for adults, extending moments of interaction and reprieve through their day.

The community playground symbolizes not only the accomplishment of creating a haven where there was a vacant lot, but the ability to create change, and to strengthen inhabitants to feel part of a community, trust one another, and are willing to intervene for the common good.

C

229

A

B

C

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THE MUSICAL PLAYGROUND

MUSICSCHOO “In the new building yes!

I did some others in the old school, but it was so crumbling!

tools of integration and future scenario for Santa Marta

PLANNING

“I want to become as good as him...”

231

OL ”

“Is it the first time you’re attending a music lesson?”

“Mum, please, I really want to play in the percussionists group !”

“Pedro you’re still too young! We’ll ask Pierre if you can play something else”

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Bar

SANTA MARTA AND THE SMALL COMMERCE

Bar

Bar Bar Bar

Bar Mini market

Mini market

Bar

Mini mar Bar

Bar Bar Bar

M Mini mark Barber’s Bar Pha

Restau

Restaurant

Restaurant

Fast-food Restaurant Restaurant Restaurant

Pharmacy Restaurant

Restaurant

Restaurant Hotel Pharmacy

Restaurant Hotel

tools of integration and future scenario for Santa Marta

PLANNING

Pharmacy Supermarket

Fast-food

Shop

Fast-food

Restaurant

Bar

Bar Fast-food

LEGEND Shop

Informal activities

Covered Market Cobal Botafogo

Restaurant

Formal activities

Restaurant

Restaurant

Restaurant

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Beautician

Restaurant/ Rent a room Bar

Bar

rket

Bar Bar

Bar

Bar Bar

Mini market

Restaurant Bar

Bar

ket Fruit Stand armacy

Restaurant

Fruit Stand Household Stand Pharmacy

Bank Supermarket Shoes Stand

Restaurant

Motel

Fruit Stand

Bank

Accessorize Stand Newsstand Coconut Stand

Hostel

Gas Station

urant

Restaurant

Pharmacy

Restaurant Restaurant

Bank

Restaurant

Bank Bank

Pharmacy Bank

Restaurant Restaurant

Restaurant Bank Fast-food Fast-food

Shop

Shop

Supermarket

Bar Fast-food

Restaurant

Hotel

Restaurant

Bank Restaurant

Restaurant

Bank Fast-food

Shop Supermarket

Pharmacy Restaurant

Shopping centre Pharmacy

Bank

Espaรงo Botafogo

Restaurant

Restaurant Restaurant Restaurant

Restaurant

Restaurant Restaurant

Restaurant Gas Station

Pharmacy

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Restaurant

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Supermarket

236

SANTA MARTA AND THE SMALL COMMERCE Nowadays, the presence of a low number of commercial activities, provokes an increase of prices and a low variety on possibilities inside the favela. Inhabitants are so obliged to go out from the community in the next district. Especially after pacification, many new activities are opening, but with many difficulties caused by absence of spaces, or inadequacy of spaces used (mainly commercial activities are directly located inside apartment, or at the humid and not healthy basement). The impossibility of expansion of the existing buildings determined by the last regulation, doesn’t permit to add any additional space for any purpose; moreover the scarcity of free lands increase difficulties of installing new commercial activities. It is clear the necessity to set a new regulation to increase local commerce destined to local population, and as well hand-crafted and cooperatives activities, that could attract an external flux of clients. The creation of new squares, or enlargement of path permits to concentrate new commercial activities in strategic positions, and not only at the bottom of the community.

Moreover it is necessary to set some new rules for expansion of existing building for commercial purposes, defining destination of uses to have a mixed use in every new commercial area.

The Program “Empresa Bacana”, could give fundings to incentivate new activities destined to attract people from the formal city.

TERRACE

B

BELVEDERE PLATFORM

A

SMALL COMMERCES Located at the top part of the community, this area will be interested by the passage of many people, going and coming from the trekking trails. The position permit to have a marvellous view on the sourrounding landscape, ideal for opening small commercial spaces, destined especially to gastronomic activities.

SQUARE

C

EXPANSION AREA

EXPANSION AREA

The empty area is surrounded by existing buildings; once realized the structure with terraces, the buildings around have a direct access to the square. Giving the possibility of expansion (with a maximum 2 mt wide structure) of the buildings located around the square for opening commercial activities, will immediately animate the square. Defining a set of rules to have a different typologies of commerce (restaurant, bar, cooperative, manufacture) make sure that mixed uses destined both to inhabitants and to tourists will be present.

The area, perfectly located in the heart of the community, was previously occupied by many wooden huts, in precarious conditions; the remotion of these sheds, permit to open a big space, ideal to concentrate commercial activities, in an area that at present doesn’t offer many possibilities. With a system of law (regulation of expansion of surrounding buildings) it is possible to incentivize the growth of commerce.

TERRACE

D

SMALL COMMERCE

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PLANNING

The height difference between the levels of the terraces permit to create small spaces destined for commerce between a terrace and the next one. Every small internal space is overlooked to a big terrace, giving possibility to have an external extension of the activity, that represent a typical form of use of external spaces in brazilian culture.

OPEN AIR MARKET SMALL STANDS The area, previously occupied by buildings that have been removed to construct the funicular system, is already characterized by a terrace system, at present abounded. Between the existing concrete structure is possible to insert small market stands, to have an area profitable for open air market. Popular market are a typical form of commerce for brazilian culture: many markets are spread around the city, always attracting many people coming from different backgrounds because of their competitive prices.

E

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A

B

C

D

E

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SANTA MARTA AND THE TERRACES FOR COMMERCE

“We still need to buy same black beans” “We can go at the other square!

There’s a cheaper shop!”

“I can help you!

Give me the boxes!”

tools of integration and future scenario for Santa Marta

PLANNING

“MMMM....she’s always late...!!!”

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“Any proposal for tonight?”

“Let’s go to the baile funk at the samba’s square!”

“Isn’t it nice this new bar?”

“Yes, they make fantastic caipirinhas, and the terrace is so cosy!”

PLANNING

tools of integration and future scenario for Santa Marta

“I made the best feijoada ever”

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SANTA MARTA AND THE OPEN AIR MARKET

“Oi Thiago!

How are you doing?”

tools of integration and future scenario for Santa Marta

PLANNING

“Really fine!

I finally got the job at the botanical gardens!”

“Are you going to the concert tonight?”

“Yes, I will bring there some gringos I need to guide today”

241

“Then I want a pineapple, and two mangos”

“Sure, is this one ok for you?”

“Mum, let’s go, I want to play at the music playgroung!”

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SANTA MARTA AND BELVEDERE PLATFORM

“WOW...I’ve never seen such an exemplary of gull!”

“Till the Christ by foot?!?Are you totally crazy?!?”

“Come one, is jus hour and a half, a there’s a new tra

tools of integration and future scenario for Santa Marta

PLANNING

“After the rest I can still go to the viewpoint, it’s pointed as an obliged visit...”

243

“It’s for the girl that is reading there!”

“Which table did you say?”

st one and ail!!!”

PLANNING

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244

COMMERCE AREA A

SANTA MARTA 2016

10

commercial space units, owned and rented by Inhabitants Association

180

SQM internal surface

450SQM

square for external extension of activities

TOURISTIC INFO CENTRE + PUBLIC LIBRARY

COMMERCE AREA B

80

30SQM

info centre

SQM existing buildings expansion area for commercial purpose

70SQM

210SQM

public library

50

terraces for external extension of activities

touristic guides formated by Rio Municipality

SCHOOL OF MUSIC

100SQM

indoor auditorium

125SQM

music rooms

300

SQM outdoor auditorium

5

community volunteer

NURSERY (0/3 YEARS)

120SQM

3 nursery rooms

50

children attended

8

teachers required

KINDERGARDEN (3/5 YEARS)

250

SQM 5 class rooms

100

children attended

8

teachers required

FUNDAMENTAL SCHOOL (6/14YEARS)

400SQM

8 class rooms

tools of integration and future scenario for Santa Marta

PLANNING

150

students attended in the morning

150

students attended in theafternoon

16

teachers required

SCHOOLS GARDEN

400SQM

garden for schoold

CENTRE FOR STUDIES ON ATLANTIC FOREST:

50

SQM exposition room

50

SQM nursery for native species

100

SQM laboratories shared with schools

400SQM

botanic garden

1

DAY CARE CENTRE

150

SQM meeting rooms studying rooms

10

community volunteer

50

forestal team 1 enegeneer 1 responsible 5 attendant

SQM medical post

1

health team 1 generic doctor 1 dentist 1 social assistant 3 nurses

ecological team 1 supervisor 5 environmental agent

1

245

SAMBA SQUARE

720SQM music oor

300

MUSICAL PLAYGROUND

680

SQM playground

seats for audiance

SANTA MARTA 2016 1.500SQM services and indoor activities

COMMERCE AREA C

150SQM

existing buildings expansion area for commercial purpose

420

SQM square for external extension of activities

450SQM

commercial space units

236SQM

expansion area for commercial purposes

1700SQM

COMMERCE AREA E

10

market stands

120SQM

market stands surface

280SQM

terraces for external extension of activities

public spaces for music

1800SQM

public spaces in commercial areas

800SQM

gardens for school and research centre

10.00SQM

atlantic forest reforested area

100

work opportunity in services areas

80

work opportunity in commercial areas owned by Inhabitants Association

50

work opportunity in expansion commercial areas

50

work opportunity for touristic guides

8

commercial space units, owned and rented by Inhabitants Association

150

SQM internal surface terraces for external extension of activities

children received by educational buildings

15

volunteers for cultural programs

PLANNING

480SQM

450

tools of integration and future scenario for Santa Marta

COMMERCE AREA D

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

Salvatore Porcaro, for the support demonstrated in all the phases of the research, for the critical suggestions always provided and the helpfulness always offered, for the availability, the seriousness and the constance of following with passion the development of this work; Flavia e Giulio, for having always supported with strong enthusiasm all my decisions and projects, even when they were taking me at the other side of the world; Community of Santa Marta, for the courtesy, welcome and helpfulness always provided during my research surveys; Alexandre Rojas, for the helpfulness information, knowledge provided during the interview, and for having given me the permission to use all the material and information collected by the research group SEMADUR | IME/UERJ in the “Relatorio da pesquisa socio-sanitaria”; Robespierre Avila, Mario Del Rei, Andrè Gonsalves, Zè Mario Hilario, Glauce Magalhaes, Nelson Moreira, Itamar Silva, Padre Valdeci, for the helpfulness, information and knowledge provided during the interviews; Alexandre, Emilio, Francisco, Manuel, Rosangela, Thiago and Vitor (inhabitants of Santa Marta), for the helpful informations, knowledge and stories about the community provided during the interviews; Jorge Mario Jàuregui, for the helpfulness, information, knowledge provided during the interview, and for the value of the theoretical contents and the knowledge acquired during the internship at his office MPU Anthony Taieb, for all the information, knowledge and helpfulness provided, for having completed my knowledges with the politicial sciences aspects, for having been the perfect mate of adventures in Rio, and most of all for having shared with me many PF in Santa Marta during my researches; Palloma Menezes, for all the information, knowledge provided and for the willingness to share our experiences, and most of all for all the days spent together researching on the field; Dorlene, for all the precise updates about the community; Fiel, for all the informations always provided; Juan de Souza Silva, for the helpfulness to show me the community for the first time; Fabiana Cabral, for the technical support always provided, for having been the best chief ever, for all the nice time spent together; Sara Pellegrini, for the support always provided, for all the precious suggestions, for having teached me one million things during the projects we conduced together; Gennaro Postiglione, for the support for the scholarship PoliNoProfit, that incentivized my decision to attend this experience; Matteo e Mattia, for having “cooperated” with me along all the research phases and shared your african experiences; Adriana, Andreia, Emilio, Hicham, Jerome, Maria Clara, Nathalie, Nicolas, Samira, Yoan, all the MPU staff and all other friends in Rio, for having shared with me a fantastic experience; Aldo, for the technical support always provided; Alice, Alessia, Alessandro Ceo, Fra G., Fra V., Luigi, Mario, for the support/endurance always provided along the years of my career; Valentina e Federico, for the support/endurance always provided during the redaction of this work, with the consciousness that it hasn’t been an easy job!

Guilherme, Karla, Mariana, Matè, Renata, Thiago, because without your stories this research would have never started.

SOURCES: BOOKS AND WEB PUBLICATIONS AAVV, Brazil contemporary: architecture, visual culture, art, NAi Publishers, Rotterdam 2009 AAVV, Penso cidade, Centro de Arquitetura e Urbanismo, Prefeitura da Cidade do Rio, Rio de Janeiro 2009 AAVV, Brasil Favelas Upgrading, VIII Mostra Internazionale di Architettura Biennale di Venezia 2002, Fundaçao Bienal de Sao Paolo, Sao Paolo 2002 AAVV, Post-it cities: ciudades occasionales, Barcelona, 2005 Cities Alliance-cities without slums, Approaches to urban slums, Cities Alliance Editor, Washington DC 2008 Cities Alliance-cities without slums, Understanding your local economy: a resource guide for cities, Cities Alliance Editor, Washington DC 2007 Cities Alliance-cities without slums, Integrando os pobres: Urbanizaçao e Reguralizaçao fundiaria na Cidade de Sao Paolo, Cities Alliance Editor, Washington DC 2004 Cities Alliance-cities without slums, A vez dos Alagados: A construçao de um programa integrado de urbanizaçao de favela em Salvador, Cities Alliance Editor, Washington DC 2008 Cities Alliance-cities without slums, Slum upgrading Up Close: experiences in six cities, Cities Alliance Editor, Washington DC 2008 Conde Luiz Paulo / Magalhaes Sergio, Favela-Bairro: uma outra historia da cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, 1999 Davis Mike, Il pianeta degli slums, Feltrinelli Editore Milano, 2006 De Filippi Francesca, Slum[e]scape : a challenge for sustainable development projects ,Torino 2008 / Firenze 2009 Do Prado Valladores Licia, A invençao da favela. Do origem de origem a favela.com, FGV Editoria, 2005 Duarte Cristiane Rose / Silva Osvaldo Luiz / Brasileiro Alice, Favela, um Bairro, ProEditores, Rio de Janeiro, 1996 Ewing Reid, Best development practices : doing the right thing and making money at the same time, Chicago : American Planning Association, 1996 Fiori Jorje, Riley Elizabeth e Ramirez Ronaldo, Urban Poverty Alleviation through environmental upgrading in Rio de Janeiro: Favela Bairro, Draft Research Report. 2000 Foscari Giulia, Della Favela, Roma, 2005 Fundaçao Bento Rubiao, Direito à moradia na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Fundaçao de direitos humanos Bento Rubiao, Rio de Janeiro 2010 Gonçalves Maiolino Ana Lucia, Espaço urbano: conflitos e subjetividade, MAUAD Editoria, Rio de Janeiro 2008 Jáuregui Jorge Mario, Urbanistic social and economic integration of the favelas in Rio de Janeiro, [www. arcphoto.it] 2006 London architectural association, Trasforming cities: design the favelas of Rio de Janeiro, London, 2001

Machado Rodolfo/ Schmidt Jason/ Hodge Brooke/ Mori Toshiko, The Favela-Bairro Project: Jorge Mario Jauregui Architects (Graduate School of Design Green Prize), Paperback 2006 Magalhaes Sergio, Sobre a cidade, habitaçao e democraçia no Rio de Janeiro, Sao Paulo 2002 Mukhija Vinit, Squatters as developers?Slum redevolopment in Mumbay, India (King’s Soas Studies in Development Geography), 2003 Petti Alessandro, Arcipelaghi e enclave : architettura dell’ordinamento spaziale contemporaneo, Milano, 2007 Radoki Carole/ Romaya Sam, Building sustainable Urban Settlemnets: approaches and cases in the developing world, 2002 Mark Redwood, Agriculture in urban planning: generating livelihoods and food security, IDRC, 2008 Solomon J. Benjamin, Jobs, land and urban development : the economic success of small manufacturers in east Delhi, India, Cambridge, 1991 Rolnik Raquel, Secretaria Nacional de Programas Urbanos [Coordenaçao geral], Estatuto da Cidade, Guia para implementaçao pelos municipios e cidadaos, Brasilia, 2002 Trevisiol Erich R., Cartagena de Indias : Politicas y proyectos urbanos para una ciudad de agua, Venezia : Iuav. Scuola di Specializzazione in Pianificazione urbana e territoriale applicata ai paesi in via di sviluppo,1993 UN-Habitat, Annual report 2009, Global Report on Human Settlements, 2009 UN-Habitat, El agua y el saneamiento en las ciudades del mundo, 2003 UN-Habitat, Espaço publico e derecho a la ciudad: la politica de espacio publico fisico y de la venta informal en Bogotà, 2008 UN-Habitat e Banco Mundial, Estudo de avaliaçao da experiençia brasileira sobre urbanizaçao de favelas e regularizaçao fundiària, IBAM, Rio de Janeiro, inserito nel Plano de açao del Cities alliance, 2002 UN-Habitat, The Challenge of slums, Global Report on Human Settlements, , 2003.

UN-Habitat , The Urban Poor in Latin America, ed. Marianne Fay -worldbank- 2001 UN-Habitat, Tools to Support Participatory Urban Decision Making, 2001 UN-Habitat, Urban Poverty Reduction and Urban Security Consolidation: a New Paradigm at Work, 2002.

SOURCES: WEBSITES

www.adpsr.org www.aospesdosantamarta.multiply.com/ www.archi-urgent.com/fr www.architectureforhumanity.org www.architectswithoutfrontiers.com.au www.armazemdedados.rio.rj.gov.br www.builderswithoutborders.com www.brasil.gov.br/pac www.citiesalliance.org/ca/ www.cityindicators.org/Default.aspx www.communitydesign.org www.elementalchile.cl www.emop.rj.gov.br/index.asp www.favelissues.com/ www.favelatemmemoria.com.br www.goal.ie www.g1.globo.com http://www.governo.rj.gov.br/ www.grupoeco.org.br/index.html www.hrw.org/en/home www.kiberapublicspace.blogspot.com www.ibase.br/index.php www.idrc.ca www.jauregui.arq.br www.olharesdomorro.org www.observatoriodasfavelas.org www.oglobo.globo.com www.psfsantamarta.com www.rioguiaoficial.com.br www.rio.rj.gov.br/ www.shelter.org www.shelterproject.org www.socialdesign.wordpress.com www.squattercity.blogspot.com www.theurbanearth.wordpress.com/tag/favela/ www.un.org

www.unhabitat.org www.urbaninform.net www.urbanpovertyinbangladesh.blogspot.com www.visaodafavelabr.blogspot.com www.vivafavela.com.br www.vivario.org.br www.vivercidades.com.br www.worldshelters.com

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