Breeding Ghosts in the Machine

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Breeding Ghosts Breeding in the Ghosts Machine in the Machine

B.Arch Graduating Thesis Southern California Institute of Architecture Fall 2010 / Spring 2011 B.Arch Graduating Thesis Southern California Institute of Architecture Fall 2010Michael / SpringOng 2011Ee Wen Lennard Student#14499703 lennard.ong@gmail.com Lennard Michael Ong Ee Wen Student#14499703 lennard.ong@gmail.com

Lennard Michael Ong Ee Wen // B. Arch Graduating Thesis // Southern California Institute of Architecture // Fall 2010-Spring 2011

Dedicated to you, Danny Boy.

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Lennard Michael Ong Ee Wen // B. Arch Graduating Thesis // Southern California Institute of Architecture // Fall 2010-Spring 2011

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Breeding Ghosts in the Machine Dec 12 2010 v5.0

B.Arch Graduating Thesis Southern California Institute of Architecture Fall 2010 / Spring 2011

Lennard Michael Ong Ee Wen Student#14499703 lennard.ong@gmail.com

Lennard Michael Ong Ee Wen // B. Arch Graduating Thesis // Southern California Institute of Architecture // Fall 2010-Spring 2011

Foreword: The thrust of this thesis is deeply personal. I came to SCI_ARC after completing my first year of architectural education in Singapore.

“The limits of my life are the limits of my architecture” I wrote in the conclusion to my admission essay, “The Fear of Ennui”.

I came expecting something magical and wonderful, but I got something else. What that is, I’m not sure.

This thesis is a proxy to reflect upon my experiences over the last five years.

Hence, there will be a minimal reliance on precedents or affiliations to any particular schools of thought. Neither will there be an indulgence in arguments, relevence or theories.

Through this process, I hope to find a confidence in my own history to divine and propell my future work and investigations, wherever they may lead.

3 Rules 1) I will not make any explicit references to the work of other architects. No a-prioris.

2) all content is to be regarded as a drawing, and drawing to be regarded as a method of thinking.

3) no theoretical/sociological/academic arguments will be made. the project must hinge on a simple narrative, a logical buildup of pragmatic systems and its spatial consequences.

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Contents: Overview A1.0_Thesis Statement A2.0_Case Study -research A3.0_Patch Test -research Workshop B1.0_System Studies B2.0_Design Investigations Closet C2.0_Personal Excavations C1.0_Initial Explorations C3.0_Disciplinary Precedents C4.0_External References Windows _Video _Blog

Lennard Michael Ong Ee Wen // B. Arch Graduating Thesis // Southern California Institute of Architecture // Fall 2010-Spring 2011

Fall of the Berlin Wall: the collision of bottled hopes, experiences and expectations. photographer unknown. November 1989

“When I’m good, I’m very good. When I’m bad, I’m better.”

v5.0 / Overview // Framework // Page (L, R)

This thesis is centered around the city, the effects of modernity and and the role the market economy plays.

I am interested in the space between planning, a paradigm of inevitable control, and spontaneity, a suspicious model for freedom.

Through this is an attempt to imagine the city as an unresolved spatial puzzle, a web tangled scenarios and a canvas of free associations.

The project ambition is for a threedimensionally layered city defined by an undulating tempo of spatial sequences, narrative disjunctions and sensorial atmospheres.

The title of this thesis is “Breeding Ghosts in the Machine�.

Lennard Michael Ong Ee Wen // B. Arch Graduating Thesis // Southern California Institute of Architecture // Fall 2010-Spring 2011

Case Study Modernism’s Aftermath

We live in an era of completions, not new beginnings. The world is running out of places where it can start over. _RK

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Singapore is a total city.

Independent since 1965, it has grown at a speeds determined by the market economy. This growth is governed by a central planning authority. Entirely urbanized, planning through modernist principles of categorical efficiency has resulted in the smooth segregation and compartmentalization of functions, a monotonous lullaby to live by.

Singapore is also a generic model for many emerging cities.

The cocktail of growth potential, capital accumulation and overt planning control has resulted in the proliferation of larger and larger scaled developments. These islands of contained urbanity create a programmatic thematization of the city. The city no longer functions as a buffet of experiences but becomes structured like a 10-course meal.

Breeding Ghosts in the Machine... ...is about a plan that undoes itself as a prescriptive tool. Instead of what it will be, extending known typologies, it is about what could be, an exploration of systemic relationships that might breed a different urbanity.

It is a voluntary plan for involuntary freedoms from the plan.

Lennard Michael Ong Ee Wen // B. Arch Graduating Thesis // Southern California Institute of Architecture // Fall 2010-Spring 2011

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confetti_

Civic Institutions

Health & Medical Care

Educational Institution

Cultural Institutions

Places of Worship

Community Institutions

Pure Breeds

served_

serving_

//landed 1.1.1_landed housing 1.1.2_semi-detached housing 1.1.3_townhouse 1.1.4_strata-landed housing 1.1.5_terrace housing

Roads / Freeways

Residential (1.0.0)

//airspace 1.2.1_condominiums 1.2.2_flats 1.2.3_retirement housing 1.2.4_student hostels

chalet

swimming complex

outdoor pedestrian malls

Commercial & Residential

Transport Facilities / Mobile Rapid Transport

//megadevelopment 2.1.1_business park / 2.1.2_science park //1.0 2.2.1_computer software / 2.2.2_distribution services / 2.2.3_warehouse / 2.2.4_packing / 2.2.5_assembly and repair / 2.2.6_printing and publishing

Tunnel Dancing

Deskar Road

Hunting in the Park

Business (2.0.0)

//2.0 2.3.1_biotechnology / 2.3.2_warehouse / 2.3.3_electrical substation / 2.3.4_vehicle repair / 2.3.5_industry / 2.3.6_gas installation / 2.3.7_furniture & fixture / 2.3.8_electrical apparatus

House Climbing Blue Lights

Residential w/ Commerical 1st Story

landscaped plazas

n co io

pt

m su n

3.1.1_commercial 3.1.2_medical suite 3.1.3_food center 3.1.4_recreation club 3.1.5_entertainment 3.1.6_market 3.1.7_cinema

recreation club

Airport / Port

Study / Play

Commercial (3.0.0)

Dirt Jumping

3.2.1_clinic

Fishing in a Drain

3.2.5_bank

tio uc

Reserve Site / Special Use

od

3.2.4_offices

pr

3.2.3_convention

n

3.2.2_exhibition

golf course

wild

hotel

recreation club

manicured

Open Space / Park / Beach / Sports & Recreation Programmatic Voids 4.1.1_water sports 4.2.1_marina 4.1.2_natural (4.0.0) 4.2.2_zoos 4.1.3_wooded 4.1.4_river 4.1.5_pond 4.1.6_drain/canal 4.1.7_swamp 4.1.8_reservoir

4.2.3_OBS 4.2.4_campsite

Utiility

beach4.2.5_public promenade 4.2.6_theme parks

opposite: spatial map of zoned areas studying connections between them, adjacencies and surface qualities top: petridish diagram of existing zoning guidelines and categorization left: source material: The Planning Act Master Plan Written Statement

Lennard Michael Ong Ee Wen // B. Arch Graduating Thesis // Southern California Institute of Architecture // Fall 2010-Spring 2011

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Top: (StreetView Collage of typical Buisness-zoned area.)

Fenced off boxes, the road becomes residual space to interior archipelagos Bottom: (Void Spaces in Singapore) Based on the Raandstad green-heart model, Singapore maintains a greencore. This is one of the only remaining topographical sites in Singapore. The rest has been levelled off for further landreclaimation.

Lennard Michael Ong Ee Wen // B. Arch Graduating Thesis // Southern California Institute of Architecture // Fall 2010-Spring 2011

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top: (Commercial District) The commercial district is what most tourists and inhabitants see. A stretch of shopping, commerce and entertainment, it is a more or less continuous interior drift. bottom: (Residential District) 85% of Singaporeans live in Government housing. These are based on racial ratios and systematized into 5 unit types. Based on a model pioneered by John Habraken, it is a polite form of Density without Urbanism.

Lennard Michael Ong Ee Wen // B. Arch Graduating Thesis // Southern California Institute of Architecture // Fall 2010-Spring 2011

Patch Test 45 Years of Tabula Rasa. Now What?

No historic grafting... a race with a moving finish line. _EoM on Thom Mayne

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Office, Retail, Residential, Hotel Retail, F&B, Entertainment, Boutique Hotels Waterfront Hotels New Science Center High-rise Offices Medium-rise Offices New Big Box Retail Luxury Residential Retail Future Attractions Distribution: Office Space: 500, 000 sqm Retail, F&B, Entertainment: 250, 000 sqm Hotel Rooms: 2, 800 units Residential: 1, 000 units

Existing Siting Proposal: Reserved Land Counter Proposal: Existing Residential Fabric

Project Outline In the island state of Singapore, there are plans underway for a second commercial center in the Jurong district. 750, 000 sqm of bottled urbanism is being proposed as a towers in the park scheme, currently parkspace.

It will be the “biggest commercial HUB outside the the city�.

By using a 99-year public housing ownership clause as an opportunity to continually metabolize the city, this project proposes an alternative schema:

To smear it as a contorted tapestry of programmatic highways over, under and through the existing public housing landscape, thus tangling the parts into a continuous metabolic drift of varied adjacencies, hierarchies and spatial residues.

Lennard Michael Ong Ee Wen // B. Arch Graduating Thesis // Southern California Institute of Architecture // Fall 2010-Spring 2011

Overview of Public Housing in Singapore The Housing and Development Board of Singapore was set up in 1 February 1960 to take over Singapore Improvement Trust for the responsibility of housing development (HDB AR 1960). Starting from 1960, five-year plans were formulated to steer the pace of the construction of public housing.

Originally, public housing was mainly developed in new towns, with Queenstown being the first located in the west of the Central Area. In response to the problem of urban decay, HDB set up its Urban Redevelopment Unit in 1 August 1964 to facilitate the urban renewal process (HDB AR 1964). The Unit, which became a Department in 1967, was subsequently detached from the HDB to form the Urban Redevelopment Authority (URA) in 1974. In cooperation with relevant governmental departments such as the URA and Land Transport Authority, the HDB is also responsible for the master planning of these new towns.

HDB housing was originally constructed to provide low-cost housing for the low-income group to improve their living environment and to re-house residents who were displaced during the urban renewal process. In February 1964, the Minister for National Development (MND) announced the Home Ownership for the People Scheme and entrusted the HDB with the responsibility for implementing it. The basic objective of this scheme is to encourage a property-owning society in Singapore, and to enable Singapore citizens in the lower middle income group to own their own homes (HDB AR 1964). Units with one room (studio flat) to five rooms (three bedrooms, one living room, and one dining room or study room) were offered, with four-room units being the most popular type from mid-80s (Wong and Yeh 1985) and accounting for the largest portion of HDB housing stock currently (HDB AR 2006/07). Currently, there are 23 HDB new towns and several HDB developments in the central areas, providing some 1 million units of residential units in Singapore. As in 2007, 81% or 2.98 million of residents in Singapore live in HDB (HDB AR 2006/07)

_First generation – Basic design (1960-1966) The commencement of this generation is demarcated by the establishment of the HDB in 1960. Housing development in the generation is

characterised by simple slab blocks with exterior access corridors. With only one layer of flats being lined along the corridor, each flat was designed to allow cross-ventilation. The principle façade usually faces north-south but the rule was not strictly followed. _Second generation – Introduction of built form variety (1967-1976) This generation is demarcated by the relaxation of population density in 1967, the setting up of Design and Research Unit within the HDB in 1969, and the standardisation of building layout design in the year of 1973/74. The population density of developments was relaxed in 1967 in order to provide more open space and amenities (HDB AR 1967). In 1968, towers with only four units on each floor clustering around the central lift core were introduced in Queenstown Neigbhorhood 4 in response to the demand for greater privacy. At the same time, height variations were introduced in order to exploit the contour and site features and to provide more open space on ground floor. As an experiment, buildings were construction up to 20-30 storeys to free up the ground floor space for recreational facilities and yet maintain the high density of public housing (HDB AR 1968)

_Third Generation – Built form as a means for holistic urban design (1977-1981) This generation is demarcated by the introduction of precinct concept in 1977. At the level of the precinct, clusters of buildings focus on an activity centre including a children’s playground, games courts and play areas. As shown in Figure 9, these clusters are designed with varying heights.

Intermixing of low and high buildings allows more varied spacing between buildings and the creation of a variety of interesting spaces. More liberal use of low-rise buildings was attempted to achieve a human scale within precincts. As reflected by the following quote from the HDB Annual Report 1978/79, the form and layout of HDB buildings in this generation were determined as part of the bigger task of urban design for the whole community Fourth generation – First Intensification of land use (1982-1990) This generation is demarcated by the first intensification of land use for HDB housing in

top: (Chronological Development of HDB Housing prototypes (L-R) Iterative design research and a deeply rooted belief in the relationship of space and society.

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1982/83 and the shrinkage of size of building block clusters in 1983/84. According to HDB Annual Report 1982/83, the Board reviewed its long-term plans and development strategies for meeting the housing needs in the next decades. The review indicated that land available for public housing needs to be utilised more efficiently in the future for longterm overall development needs. A study undertaken by the Board’s planners and architects showed that it is possible to increase net residential densities by 10% with only a small increase of 3% in the building coverage whilst keeping the height of the majority of buildings to 13 storeys or less. Following these findings, the HDB adopted a new spacing standard to build at the higher residential densities. To overcome the monotonous appearance of new HDB developments, buildings constructed by the traditional methods are strategically located together with the standardised buildings

_Fifth generation – Diversification of design and designers (1991-now) This generation is demarcated by the introduction of the Design-and-Built Scheme in 1991 and the Design Plus scheme in 1995. Starting from this generation, HDB was no longer the sole planning and architectural designers of HDB housing. In 1991/92 under the Design-and-Built Scheme, HDB sets aside land within its new towns for private architects, engineers and contractors to design and build public housing in order to give home buyers a wider choice. To assist private sector architects involved in projects under the Design-and-Build Scheme, a handbook detailing the features and requirements of public housing design was first launched in January 1996 (HDB AR 1995/96)

_Sixth generation – Further increase in building height and density (1999-now) This generation is demarcated by further increase in development intensity and building height as reported in the HDB Annual Report 1999/2000. To further optimise land use, a feasibility study was carried out to investigate the possibility of building taller HDB apartment blocks. This study showed that 40 storey blocks were feasible in areas without height constraints. The first 40-storey apartment block was tendered in Toa Payoh in December 2000.

The higher plot ratio was achieved through efficient

site layout and compact block configuration built to the permitted storey height credit: _Kam Shing Leung, Evolution of Built Form of HDB Housing _Building Group, Housing and Development Board (2005), Public housing design guide: principles and practice. Singapore: Housing and Development Board _HDB Pictorial Record Editorial Committee (1985), Designed for living: public housing architecture in Singapore. Singapore: Housing and Development Board _Housing and Development Board Annual Reports (cited as HDB AR YEAR) _Housing and Development Board (2007), Green housing book: HDB’s approach to sustainable development. Singapore: Housing & Development Board _Housing and Development Board (2006), Universal design guide for public housing in Singapore.

Singapore: Housing and Development Board _Ministry of National Development, Housing and Development Board and Urban Redevelopment Authority (2002), Duxton Plain Public Housing – international architectural design competition.

Singapore: Urban Redevelopment Authority _Wong AK Yeh SHK 1985, Housing a nation – 25 years of public housing in Singapore. Singapore: Housing and Development Boar

Lennard Michael Ong Ee Wen // B. Arch Graduating Thesis // Southern California Institute of Architecture // Fall 2010-Spring 2011

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“The Jurong Lake District will become a mini city that is distinctive in character. The District may take 10 to 15 years to be fully developed but we need not wait so long to see the transformation. Many new projects are already in the pipeline. For instance, by the end of this year, Jurong Lake will be enhanced to facilitate water-based activities such as kayaking and dragon-boating. We will also see new facilities such as a golf resort hotel, new hospital, boardwalks and wetlands being developed here.

A new Big Box development by TT International is currently under construction near the Jurong East MRT Station. This development will be similar to the Warehouse-Retail development cluster at Tampines. When ready by the end of 2009, this Big Box development will add approximately 34,000 sq m of new retail space, similar in size to the Tampines cluster. The Jurong Entertainment Centre will also be redeveloped by next year. It will be home to Singapore’s first Olympic-size ice skating rink.”

Keynote speech by Mr Mah Bow Tan Minister for National Developmnent at the URA Corporate Plan Seminar at Grand Copthorne Waterfront Hotel on 4 April 2008 at 9.45am

Opposite: (official news release) Buzzword Bingo: “Largest Commercial Hub... Attract Billions of Dollars...

World-Class... Lush Greenery... Distinctive in Character” Top: (excerpt from speech highlighting Concept Plan for the next 10 to 15 years) The concept plan falls under the Urban Redevelopment Authority’s Master Plan, which guides development in Singapore.

Bottom Left: (Artists Impression of proposed project) Programmatic Thematization of the Urban Sphere Bottom Right:

Lennard Michael Ong Ee Wen // B. Arch Graduating Thesis // Southern California Institute of Architecture // Fall 2010-Spring 2011

Systems Experimentation The Collision of a Tractor and a Hairdryer making love on an X-ray Machine.

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Site Poche scale: 2.75km x 2.75km

Lennard Ong Ee Wen B. Arch Graduating Thesis, FA201

Lennard Michael Ong Ee Wen // B. Arch Graduating Thesis // Southern California Institute of Architecture // Fall 2010-Spring 2011

#01//Magic Carpet Study Study of undulating zoning datums and subsequent bundling as a way to orchaestrate organization.

Lennard Ong Ee Wen B. Arch Graduating Thesis, FA2010-SP2011 Southern California Institute of Architecture

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#04//Hierarchy Study Study of existing road hierarchy in subdivision of land.

Lennard Ong Ee Wen B. Arch Graduating Thesis, FA2010-SP2011 Southern California Institute of Architecture

Lennard Michael Ong Ee Wen // B. Arch Graduating Thesis // Southern California Institute of Architecture // Fall 2010-Spring 2011

#02a //Pathing Study (L) Study of point to point connections between all buildings in a range of 95.0m to 105.0m.

Lennard Ong Ee Wen B. Arch Graduating Thesis, FA2010-SP2011 Southern California Institute of Architecture

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#02b//Pathing Study (M) Study of point to point connections between all buildings in a range of 45.0m to 55.0m.

Lennard Ong Ee Wen B. Arch Graduating Thesis, FA2010-SP2011 Southern California Institute of Architecture

#02c//Pathing Study (S) Study of point to point connections between all buildings in a range of 0.0m to 25.0m.

Lennard Ong Ee Wen B. Arch Graduating Thesis, FA2010-SP2011 Southern California Institute of Architecture

Lennard Michael Ong Ee Wen // B. Arch Graduating Thesis // Southern California Institute of Architecture // Fall 2010-Spring 2011

#05a//Heat Map Study (L) Reintepretation of information from study #04a to #04c

Lennard Ong Ee Wen B. Arch Graduating Thesis, FA2010-SP2011 Southern California Institute of Architecture

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#05a//Heat Map Study (M) Reintepretation of information from study #04a to #04c

Lennard Ong Ee Wen B. Arch Graduating Thesis, FA2010-SP2011 Southern California Institute of Architecture

#05a//Heat Map Study (M) Reintepretation of information from study #04a to #04c

Lennard Ong Ee Wen B. Arch Graduating Thesis, FA2010-SP2011 Southern California Institute of Architecture

Lennard Michael Ong Ee Wen // B. Arch Graduating Thesis // Southern California Institute of Architecture // Fall 2010-Spring 2011

Zoning Map source: Urban Redevelopment Authority, 2010.

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#03//Constellation Study study of land ownership, zoning and clustering vis a vis existing land parcels. *note: _colours reference existing zoning map. _circles indicate goverment ownership _squares indicate private ownership

Lennard Ong Ee Wen B. Arch Graduating Thesis, FA201

Design Studies

Lennard Michael Ong Ee Wen // B. Arch Graduating Thesis // Southern California Institute of Architecture // Fall 2010-Spring 2011

Thinking without Words

Please Rotate (thank you.)

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#01_Breeding Ghosts in the Machine (2’ x 3’)

Lennard Michael Ong Ee Wen // B. Arch Graduating Thesis // Southern California Institute of Architecture // Fall 2010-Spring 2011

#02_Systematic Aberrations (2’ x 3’)

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#03_Archipelago (collage, 2’ x 3’)

Lennard Michael Ong Ee Wen // B. Arch Graduating Thesis // Southern California Institute of Architecture // Fall 2010-Spring 2011

#04_Archipelago v2.0 (HDTV) v5.0 /

Once upon a time, a dirty and messy situation was made into a clean and orderly promise.

Lennard Michael Ong Ee Wen // B. Arch Graduating Thesis // Southern California Institute of Architecture // Fall 2010-Spring 2011

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Precarious living conditions were rationally repackaged into solidified blocks for living, working and playing, respectively. Through expert global maneuvering, economic stagnation became universal prosperity .

Wildness was neatly quarantined and inoculated against any possible illness or harm to the inhabitants.

Soon, the people couldn’t tell the difference between dreams and desire. All it knew is what it was fed is what it should want, the city was a gesamtwerk.

In this city, all its inhabitants needs were preemptive-ly met through design or programming. Media took care of the rest.

Lennard Michael Ong Ee Wen // B. Arch Graduating Thesis // Southern California Institute of Architecture // Fall 2010-Spring 2011

One day, someone decided to escape.

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Lennard Michael Ong Ee Wen // B. Arch Graduating Thesis // Southern California Institute of Architecture // Fall 2010-Spring 2011

Or, is there such a thing as “outside” anymore? Maybe we just need to make the inside a little different: a structure to generate differences and collisions.

Thats what this is about. It is about building the absence of city. The construction of an outside by making another inside to the current inside.

“Escape where?”

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Path4: Minor Vector, crosses the most points

Path3: from DatumPlane to Main Vector

Path2: Snaking Datum

Path1: Direct to Building (SPILL)

sliced building

Lennard Michael Ong Ee Wen // B. Arch Graduating Thesis // Southern California Institute of Architecture // Fall 2010-Spring 2011

Through the orchaestration of collisions and spatial residues: piecemeal slices of outside waiting to be momentarily claimed.

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Lennard Michael Ong Ee Wen // B. Arch Graduating Thesis // Southern California Institute of Architecture // Fall 2010-Spring 2011

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Closet The closet is where the search for a thesis began.

It is a collection of excavationsfrom old journals, thoughts, drawings, sketches and projects - and reflections on where they might go go next.

It also lists several texts that has played a direct supporting role in this thesis or a significant role in forming these interests and outlooks.

Lennard Michael Ong Ee Wen // B. Arch Graduating Thesis // Southern California Institute of Architecture // Fall 2010-Spring 2011

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excerpts excavated from journals. top: Semester Journal right, top: Europe Journal right, middle: Mexico Journal right, bottom: digital journal, 2001 - present

Lennard Michael Ong Ee Wen // B. Arch Graduating Thesis // Southern California Institute of Architecture // Fall 2010-Spring 2011

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Following Pages: Textual Markers

Lennard Michael Ong Ee Wen // B. Arch Graduating Thesis // Southern California Institute of Architecture // Fall 2010-Spring 2011

Recombinant Urbanism develops the urban-modelling techniques, first pioneered by Lynch, into a comprehensive framework for the fastgrowing discipline of urban design.

Covering the origins of urban design in North America and Europe, it discusses the main approaches that have evolved to deal with the fragmented contemporary city. It also looks at the influence of participatory planning processes, zoning codes, imagery, finance and marketing on urban form.

Providing a sophisticated and potent set of tools for urban designers and urban design students, Recombinant Urbanism also recasts urban modelling as an effective method of augmenting standard architectural design practices in an urban context.

World War II brought about catastrophic changes in western urban production.

While it is clear that the complex fabric of traditional urban form has been replaced by equally complex contemporary urban space, it is less clear what role form continues to play in its present structural configuration. Ladders attempts to identify the contemporary dialectic between urban space and form as the key to engaging the unprecedented qualities of contemporary urban space.

Pope forms the theory of a rational suburbia, although not a rationality of form (perhaps), but rational through the processes which it introduces into the lives of its inhabitants. The daily motions and movements which Houston imposes on its residents are exposed and itemized as a series of progressive turns which hold emotive as well as logistical separation and enclosure for the suburbanites.

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Where does the nation-state end and globalization begin?

In Territory, Authority, Rights, Saskia Sassen argues that even while globalization is best understood as “denationalization,” it continues to be shaped, channeled, and enabled by institutions and networks originally developed with nations in mind, such as the rule of law and respect for private authority.

This process of state making produced some of the capabilities enabling the global era. The difference is that these capabilities have become part of new organizing logics: actors other than nationstates deploy them for new purposes.

Sassen builds her case by examining how three components of any society in any age--territory, authority, and rights-have changed in themselves and in their interrelationships across three major historical “assemblages”: the medieval, the national, and the global.

Requiem: For the City at the End of the Millenium is a short book of collected essays by Sanford Kwinter.

In this small, but sharply-pointed book, renowned theorist Sanford Kwinter addresses the sometimes subtle, sometimes brutal transformations that characterized the modernization processes set into motion at the turn of the millennium.

To quote from Thomas Daniell’s introduction, is first and foremost redemptive: “Kwinter’s most negative assessments of the city are driven by a deep commitment to its sublime potentials--a desire to sacralize the most profane and fecund of human creations.”

Lennard Michael Ong Ee Wen // B. Arch Graduating Thesis // Southern California Institute of Architecture // Fall 2010-Spring 2011

In Subnature, David Gissen examines experimental work by today’s leading designers, scholars, philosophers, and biologists that rejects the idea that humans can somehow recreate a purely natural world, free of the untidy elements that actually constitute nature.

Each chapter provides an examination of a particular form of subnature and its actualization in contemporary design practice.

Subnature looks beyond LEED ratings, green roofs, and solar panels toward a progressive architecture based on a radical new conception of nature.

Geoecology investigates the structure and function of geoecosystems, their components and their environment.

The author develops a simple dynamic systems model, the `brash’ equation, to form the conceptual framework for the book suggesting an `ecological’ and `evolutionary’ approach.

Exploring internal of `ecological’ interactions between geoecosystems and their near-surface environments - the atmosphere, hydrosphere, toposhere, and lithosphere - and external influences, both geological and cosmic, Geoecology presents geoecosystems as dynamic entities constantly responding to changes within themselves and their surroundings.

An `evolutionary’ view emerges of geoecological systems, and the animals, plants, and soils comprising them, providing a new way of thinking for the whole environmental complex and the rich web of interdependencies contained therein.

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Simon Singh ranges from Julius Caesar’s secret military writing to coded diplomatic messages in feuding Renaissance Italy city-states, from the decipherment of the Rosetta Stone to the ingenuity of modern security experts battling cyber-criminals and cyber-terrorists.

He clarifies the techniques and tricks of code makers and code breakers alike. He lightens the sometimes technical load with photos, political cartoons, charts, code grids and reproductions of historic documents. He closes with a fascinating look at cryptanalysts’ planned and futuristic tools, including the “one-time pad,” a seemingly unbreakable form of encryption.

This became a primer into notational methods for a systemic and recombinatory approach to drawing.

Providing an extensive chronicle of the personal and academic development of Rem Koolhaas, this book helped me understand the incongruent nature between thinking, drawing and the story one might use to communicate a project.

It made me realize that maybe there is no such thing as theory and comfortable with the fact that architecture is an autobiographical affair dressed up.

Lennard Michael Ong Ee Wen // B. Arch Graduating Thesis // Southern California Institute of Architecture // Fall 2010-Spring 2011

“Terzani’s odyssey across Asia is full of revelations and reflections on the dramatic changes underway in Asia. Having spent two decades on the continent, he brings a deep love for the place to his journeys, but also the eyes of someone troubled by the changes he sees.

Surrounded by the loss of diversity wrought by modernism, Terzani asks if the “missionaries of materialism and economic progress” aren’t destroying the continent in order to save it. Fortunately, there is a flip side to his occasionally dispiriting commentary, one that Terzani discovers in his hunt for fortunetellers.

Through his side trips to seers who read the soles of his feet, the ashes of incense, and even the burned scapula of sheep, it becomes clear that the Orient of legends, myths, and magic still determines people’s lives as much as the quest for money. By staying earthbound, Terzani lived to tell of an extraordinary journey through the evershifting kaleidoscope of Asia.”

This black comedy uses a science-fictionlike premise to satirize Victorian morals.

Ostensibly the memoirs of late-19thcentury Glasgow physician Archibald McCandless, the narrative follows the bizarre life of oversexed, volatile Bella Baxter, an emancipated woman and a female Frankenstein. Bella is not her real name; as Victorian Blessington, she drowned herself to escape her abusive husband, but a surgeon removed the brain from the fetus she was carrying and placed it in her skull, resucitating her.

Illustrated with Gray’s suitably macabre drawings, this work of inspired lunacy effectively skewers class snobbery, British imperialism, prudishness and the tenets of received wisdom

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Dan Eldon, who was only 22 when he was chased down and killed by an angry mob in Somalia, was one of the youngest photographic stringers in Africa. But his journalistic work, which had appeared in Time and Newsweek, showed only a small part of his talent.

Eldon excelled as an artist in his collages, which combined his photographs of Africa with paint, pastiche, pop culture images, advertising, and official documents.

The Journey Is the Destination collects pages from the 17 scrapbooks that held his art. Chronicling his work from age 14 through his death at 22, this volume is startling not only in the intensity and thoughtfulness of the pages, but also in the fact that someone so young could have this kind of artistic depth and insight.

It is funny how I still found a connection with something written a century ago, under another political regime and outlook to life.

Maybe this means there is no such thing as progress, and the only thing left is change.

Lennard Michael Ong Ee Wen // B. Arch Graduating Thesis // Southern California Institute of Architecture // Fall 2010-Spring 2011

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An online blog to collate reflections after each meeting with an advisor.

Lennard Michael Ong Ee Wen // B. Arch Graduating Thesis // Southern California Institute of Architecture // Fall 2010-Spring 2011

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