Maund Residence: A Solar Analysis and Redesign by Laura Maund

Maund Residence A Solar Analysis and Redesign Laura Maund Carnegie Mellon University Fall, 2009

Location/Climate State College, Pennsylvania is located at 40°48’00 N latitude, 077°52’00 W longitude. Throughout the year, particularly in winter, the sky cover is mostly cloudy. This is partly due to the fact that State College is located in a valley. The climate ranges from very cold in winter (January average tempertature is 25° F) to reasonably hot in summer (July average temperature is 65° F). In the summer, the relative humidity is very high, around 60%. Winds are from the west year-round, and precipitation averages 3.31 inches per month.

House The Maund residence is a single family home of approximately 2400 square feet. When the house was built in 1991, the neighborhood was just being developed from an open field, so the tree coverage is still minimal. Because there are no gas lines in the neighborhood, electricity is relied upon for nearly all building loads.

Occupancy Lifestyle For most of the year, only two people live in the house. Downstairs, the family room, kitchen, and eating area are used the most and upstairs, bedrooms 1 and 4 are used the most. Generally during the day, only one person is in the house at a time.

SITE PLAN SCALE: 1” = 30’

13 12

1236’

1234’

1232’

1230’

1. WILD BLACK CHERRY TREE 2. DWARF APPLE TREE 3. FLOWERING CHERRY TREE 4. DWARF PEACH TREE 5. DWARF PLUM TREE 6. CYPRESS TREE 7. JAPANESE LILAC TREE 8. BUTTERFLY BUSH 9. BLUE SPRUCE TREE 10. KNOCK OUT ROSE BUSH 11. RHODODENDRON SHRUB 12. BEECH TREE 13. SUGAR MAPLE TREE 14. CHICAGO FIRE BURNING BUSH 15. BARBERRY BUSH

SECOND FLOOR PLAN SCALE: 1/8” = 1’

BED ROOM 4

CLOSET 7

BED ROOM 3

CLOSET 6

BATH ROOM 2

CLOSET 5

BED ROOM 2

DOWN

HALL 3

BATH ROOM 3

BED ROOM 1

CLOSET 4

FIRST FLOOR PLAN SCALE: 1/8” = 1’

GARAGE

FAMILY ROOM

DECK

DINING ROOM

CLOSET 3

DINING AREA

UP HALL 1

DOWN

KITCHEN

LAUNDRY ROOM

LIVING ROOM

HALL 2

BATH ROOM 1

CLOSET 1

CLOSET 2

SITE PLAN: SUMMER CONDITIONS SCALE: 1” = 30’

WINDIEST SUNPROTECTED SPACE

SITE PLAN: WINTER CONDITIONS SCALE: 1” = 30’

SUNNIEST WINDPROTECTED SPACE

SITE PLAN- WATER DRAINAGE PATTERNS SCALE: 1” = 30’

SOUTHEASTERN FACADE LACKS WINDOWS FOR AM LIGHT IN WINTER

DESPITE IDEAL PLACEMENT BEECH TREE DOES NOT SUFFICIENTLY BREAK WIND

WIND BLOWS FROM WEST YEAR-ROUND

-MOVE PRIMARY LIVING SPACES AWAY FROM NORTH FACADE TO RECEIVE MORE SUN DURING COLD WINTERS -INCREASE NUMBER AND VARIETY OF PLANTINGS ON WEST OF SITE TO BLOCK WINDS -REMOVE/TRANSPLANT BLUE SPRUCE TREES ON SOUTHEAST OF SITE -RELOCATE DECK FOR INCREASED SUN

DESIGN PRIORITIES:

EFFECTIVE DRAINAGE OFF SITE

BLUE SPRUCE TREES BLOCK SOUTHEASTERN LIGHT

DECK IS BLOCKED FROM WIND

DECK RECEIVES MOSTLY NORTHERN LIGHT

TREES BREAK WIND BEFORE YARD

.5-1

1-4 1-3

4 HRS/DAY

LIVING

133

DINING AREA

.5-5

1-5 1-4

6 MTHS/YR

LIVING

298

DECK

0-1

1-2 1-3

8 HRS/DAY

LIVING

152

BED ROOM 4

0-1

1-2 1-3

4 HRS/DAY

135

BED ROOM 3

0-1

1-2 1-3

LIVING

136

BED ROOM 2

0-1

1-2 1-3

8 HRS/DAY

LIVING

291

BED ROOM 1

0-1

1 1-2

<5 MIN/DAY

7-46

CLOSETS

0-1

1 1-3

BATH ROOM 3

0-1

LIVING

SUPPORT

<1 MIN/DAY

30 MIN/DAY

1 1-3

BATH ROOM 2

0-1

1 1-2

SUPPORT

10 MIN/DAY

BATH ROOM 1

CLO 0-5

#People MET 1-5

Time in Use

SquareFoot Range

Space Title

Living, Circ, Support?

Number Your Climate Priorities

Internal Loads L/M/H

MODERATE SUN

SUN VIEWS

AM SUN

MODERATE SUN

NONE

AM SUN

NONE

AM SUN

MODERATE SUN

Env. Interests: Views/Access

Htg Clg Vent

Check All Preferred Orientations

Priority; identify Liabilities

Space Priority 1, 2, 3

LIVING LIVING SUPPORT CIRC.

CIRC. CIRC.

SquareFoot Range

146

437

483

144

182

Space Title

DINING ROOM

FAMILY ROOM

GARAGE

HALL 1

HALL 2

HALL 3

KITCHEN

LAUNDRY ROOM

LIVING ROOM LIVING

SUPPORT

LIVING

Living, Circ, Support? .5-1 .5-1 .5-5 .5-5

.5-1

.5-1 .5-1 .5-1

.5-1

4-8 1-3 1-8 1-4 1-2 3-5 1-4 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-2 1-4 2-4 1-2 2-3 1-4 1-2

10 DAYS/YR

15 MIN/DAY

20 MIN/DAY

2 HRS/DAY

10 MIN/DAY

5 MIN/DAY

10 MIN/DAY

12 HRS/DAY

CLO 0-5

#People MET 1-5

Time in Use

Number Your Climate Priorities

L-H

Internal Loads L/M/H

PM SUN

MODERATE SUN

AM SUN

MODERATE SUN

Env. Interests: Views/Access

Htg Clg Vent

Check All Preferred Orientations

Priority; identify Liabilities

Space Priority 1, 2, 3

PROPOSED SITE PLAN SCALE: 1” = 30’

DECK RECEIVES SOUTHERN SUN

TRANSPLANTED BLUE SPRUCE TREES BLOCK WESTERLY WIND FROM HOUSE

13 12

1236’

1234’

1232’

1230’

PLANTINGS NO LONGER BLOCK SUN FROM HOUSE

SOUTHESTERN SUN NO LONGER BLOCKED FROM YARD

PROPOSED SECOND FLOOR PLAN SCALE: 1/8” = 1’

CLOSET 6

DOWN

BEDROOM 3

BATHROOM 3

CLOSET 7

BEDROOM 4

HALL 3

CLOSET 5

CLOSET 4

BATHROOM 2

LIVING ROOM

BEDROOM 1

BATH ROOM 1

HALL 2

GARAGE

PROPOSED FIRST FLOOR PLAN SCALE: 1/8” = 1’

LAUNDRY ROOM

BEDROOM 2

CLOSET 1

HALL 1

DOWN

FAMILY ROOM

DECK

DINING ROOM

DINING AREA

KITCHEN

EXISTING NO DIRECT LIGHT PENETRATES WINDOW LIVING SPACES WITH HIGHER OCCUPANCY TIMES RECEIVE MOSTLY NORTHERN LIGHT

GARAGE BREAKS WESTERLY WIND BEFORE 1ST FLOOR LIVING SPACES DO WN

LIVING SPACES WITH LOWER OCCUPANCY TIMES RECEIVE WESTERN LIGHT

SOUTHEASTERN FACADE LACKS WINDOWS FOR AM SUN

PROPOSED LIVING SPACES WITH LOWER OCCUPANCY TIMES RECEIVE NORTHEASTERN LIGHT

WN DO

GARAGE BLOCKS WIND FROM DECK UP

SOUTH FACING WINDOWS ALLOW FOR SOLAR HEATING IN WINTER

SOUTHEAST FACING WINDOWS FOR AM SUN DECK RECEIVES SOUTHERN SUN

N EXISTING AND PROPOSED FIRST FLOOR PLANS SCALE: 1/16” = 1’

EXISTING

BEDROOM 3 RECEIVES MOSTLY NORTHERN LIGHT

BEDROOM 4 BREAKS WESTERLY WIND BEFORE REMAINING SECOND FLOOR DO WN

WARMEST SPACE IN WINTER USED FOR SUPPORT ROOM

LEAST-USED BEDROOM RECEIVES PM SUN BEDROOM 1 RECEIVES MINIMAL AM LIGHT

PROPOSED

SUPPORT SPACES BREAK WESTERLY WIND BEFORE REMAINING SECOND FLOOR

WARMEST SPACE IN WINTER USED FOR LIVING

OVERHANG SHADES FIRST FLOOR DURING SUMMER LIVING ROOM RECEIVES SOUTHEASTERN LIGHT

N EXISTING AND PROPOSED SECOND FLOOR PLANS SCALE: 1/16” = 1’

BEDROOM 1 RECEIVES AM LIGHT

EXISTING SIDED WALLS MAKE HOUSE COLDER IN WINTER AND WARMER IN SUMMER OVERHANG HELPS COOL 2ND FLOOR IN WINTER AND SUMMER BRICK WALLS KEEP HOUSE WARMER IN WINTER AND COOLER IN SUMMER SOUTHEASTERN FACADE HAS MINIMAL WINDOWS FOR AM SUN BRICK GARAGE PROTECTS FROM WIND

SOUTHWESTERN FACADE HAS MANY WINDOWS FOR PM SUN

PROPOSED OVERHANG SHADES 1ST FLOOR FROM SUMMER SUN SOUTHEASTERN WINDOWS CAPTURE AM SUN IN LIVING SPACES BRICK WALLS KEEP HOUSE COOL IN SUMMER AND WARM IN WINTER SOUTHERN SUN WARMS HOUSE IN WINTER GARAGE AND HALL BLOCK WIND FROM DECK

EXISTING AND PROPOSED PERSPECTIVE VIEWS SOUTHEAST AND SOUTHWEST FACADES

Building Heat Loss Calculations In the following pages, the buildingâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s heat loss coefficients are calculated for each of the wall, window, door, roof, and floor sections, as well as the overall infiltration losses. Additionally, estimates of the peak and annual heat losses are calculated. Following the calculations for the total heat loss coefficient are the calculations for the different energy uses in the house (heating, domestic hot water, cooling, lighting, and appliances). The energy usages are converted into estimated annual costs, and then compared to the actual utility bills.

SECOND FLOOR PLAN- HEATED SPACES SCALE: 1/8” = 1’

BED ROOM 4

CLOSET 7

BED ROOM 3

CLOSET 6

BATH ROOM 2

CLOSET 5

BED ROOM 2

DOWN

HALL 3

BATH ROOM 3

BED ROOM 1

CLOSET 4

GARAGE

FAMILY ROOM

FIRST FLOOR PLAN- HEATED SPACES SCALE: 1/8” = 1’

DINING AREA

DINING ROOM

CLOSET 3

DECK

D1 A2

HALL 1

DOWN

KITCHEN

LAUNDRY ROOM

LIVING ROOM

HALL 2

BATH ROOM 1

CLOSET 1

CLOSET 2

R1 R2

TRANSVERSE SECTION 1- HEATED SPACES SCALE: 1/8” = 1’

D1 F1

TRANSVERSE SECTION 2- HEATED SPACES SCALE: 1/8” = 1’

OUTSIDE AIR: R = .17 VINYL SIDING: R = .61 3/4” OSB: R = .91 6“ FIBERGLASS INSULATION: R = 19 5/8” GYPSUM BOARD: R = .57 INSIDE AIR: R = .68 R = 21.94 U = .0456

EXTERIOR WALL SECTION DETAILS SCALE: 3” = 1’

2” BRICK PANELS: R = .40 3/4” OSB: R = .91 6“ FIBERGLASS INSULATION: R = 19 5/8” GYPSUM BOARD: R = .57 INSIDE AIR: R = .68 R = 21.73 U = .0460

A2 OUTSIDE AIR: R = .17

OUTSIDE AIR: R = .17 VINYL SIDING: R = .61 3/4” OSB: R = .91 6“ FIBERGLASS INSULATION: R = 19 3/4” OSB: R = .91 2” BRICK PANELS: R = .40 INSIDE AIR: R = .68 R = 22.68 U = .0440

EXTERIOR WALL SECTION DETAILS CONT. SCALE: 3” = 1’

COLLAPSED EXTERIOR THROUGH INTERIOR GARAGE WALL SECTION DETAILS SCALE: 3” = 1’

5/8” GYPSUM BOARD: R = .57 6“ FIBERGLASS INSULATION: R = 19 5/8” GYPSUM BOARD: R = .57 INSIDE AIR: R = .68 R = 24.09 U = .0415

23’ AIR SPACE: R = 1.01

VINYL SIDING: R = .61 3/4” OSB: R = .91 6“ FIBERGLASS INSULATION: R = 19 5/8” GYPSUM BOARD: R = .57

A4 OUTSIDE AIR: R = .17

COLLAPSED EXTERIOR THROUGH INTERIOR GARAGE WALL SECTION DETAILS CONT. SCALE: 3” = 1’

5/8” GYPSUM BOARD: R = .57 6“ FIBERGLASS INSULATION: R = 19 5/8” GYPSUM BOARD: R = .57 INSIDE AIR: R = .68 R = 42.88 U = .0233

21’ AIR SPACE: R = 1.01

2” BRICK PANELS: R = .40 3/4” OSB: R = .91 6“ FIBERGLASS INSULATION: R = 19 5/8” GYPSUM BOARD: R = .57

A5 OUTSIDE AIR: R = .17

WINDOW SECTION DETAIL SCALE: 3” = 1’

R = 2.13 U = .47

W1 ANDERSEN NARROLINE 200 SERIES WINDOW

DOOR SECTION DETAILS SCALE: 3” = 1’

U = .14

D1 2” METAL INSULATED DOOR: R = 7

U = .102

D2 OVERHEAD 390 INSULATED GARAGE DOOR: R = 9.8

R1 OUTSIDE AIR: R = .17

ASPHALT SHINGLES: R = .44 3/4” OSB: R = .91 INSIDE AIR: R = .62 AIR SPACE: R = 1.01 INSIDE AIR: R = .62 10” FIBERGLASS INSULATION: R = 32 5/8” GYPSUM BOARD: R = .57 INSIDE AIR: R = .62 R = 36.96 U = .0271

COLLAPSED EXTERIOR THROUGH 2ND FLOOR CEILING SECTION DETAIL SCALE: 3” = 1’

OUTSIDE AIR: R = .17 ASPHALT SHINGLES: R = .44 3/4” OSB: R = .91 10” FIBERGLASS INSULATION: R = 32 5/8” GYPSUM BOARD: R = .57 INSIDE AIR: R = .62 R = 34.68 U = .0288

EXTERIOR THROUGH FAMILY ROOM CEILING SECTION DETAIL SCALE: 3” = 1’

1ST FLOOR SECTION DETAIL SCALE: 3” = 1’

INSIDE AIR: R = .68 VINYL LINOLEUM: R = .05 3/4” OSB: R = .91 10“ FIBERGLASS INSULATION: R = 32 INSIDE AIR: R = .68 R = 34.47 x 2 = 68.94 U = .0290 / 2 = .0145

FAMILY ROOM SLAB ON GRADE SECTION DETAIL SCALE: 3” = 1’

CARPET ON RUBBER PADDING: R = 1.23 2” CONCRETE SLAB ON GRADE: F = .81

Transmission Losses 15.0 Walls 42.4

18.5

Windows Doors Ceilings

2.4 6.1 15.6

Floors Infiltration Losses

TABLE A SIMPLIFIED CALCULATION OF BUILDING HEAT LOSS COEFFICIENTS PEAK AND ANNUAL LOAD detail #

U-value

total area

Btu/hrft2°F .0456

ft2 1699.79

.0460

430.67

19.81

.0440

231.60

10.19

.0232

296.88

6.89

.0233

146.96

3.42

WINDOWS

.47

309

145.23

DOORS

.14

37.78

5.29

.102

134.38

13.71

.0271

1369.76

38.35

.0288

314.27

9.05

.0145

1058.5

15.35

F-value

perimeter ft.

WALLS

ROOFS

FLOORS

Heat loss Coefficient UA=Btu/hr°F 77.51

(above grade, over vented crawl spaces U, over unheated spaces 1/2U) F1

FLOOR

slab on grade F2

BELOW GRADE FLOORS

.81

132

modified U

ft2

N/A

total F

perimeter ft.

N/A

N/A BELOW GRADE WALLS N/A

106.92

N/A

INFILTRATION (heated volume of the building x number of air changes x the heat capacity of air .018 Btu ft3°F #A.C. x .018 x volume cu.ft. = heat loss coefficient .9 x .018 x 20546.47 =

332.85

TOTAL HEAT LOSS COEFFICIENT (total UA) Btu/hr°F

784.57

100%

HEAT LOSS SOURCE

UA HEAT LOSS Btu/hr/°F

Transmission Losses: Walls

..................................

117.82

15.0

Windows

..................................

145.23

18.5

Doors

..................................

19.00

2.4

Ceilings

..................................

47.40

6.1

Floors

..................................

122.27

15.6

Infiltration Losses

..................................

332.85

42.4

PEAK HEAT LOSS (BTUh) 47858.77 ANNUAL HEAT LOSS (MMBTU) 139.980 Building Energy Performance

= total UA

x T (design indoor°F - design outdoor°F)

784.57

(68-7)

= total UA

x 24hrs

x annual degree days

x 7434

784.57 Annual Loss 139980000

/ Sq.ft heated

= 58663.29

2386.16

BEPS

HEATING Heating: Building Load Coefficient 1. UA total for house (BTU/h oF) = 784.57 x 24 = 18829.68 building load coefficient (BTU/day oF) 2. DD base = 68oF Heating fuel type 1: electric 3B. heating system efficiency = 234% 4. $ 15.01/mmbtu = $.05/kwh

1. BLC = 24 UA/ DD

2. mo, HDD (base 68o)

3. Htg. Load BTU x 106 (1. X 2.)

divide by sys. effic. (eg. .85 = 85%)

3B. Htg. System Demand (BTU x 106)

Monthly Heating Cost

4. cost/ mmbtu

Jan

18829.68

1321

24.87

/2.34

10.63

16.15

171.62

Feb

18829.68

1120

21.09

/2.34

9.01

16.25

146.45

Mar

18829.68

977

18.39

/2.34

7.86

16.25

127.69

Apr

18829.68

603

11.35

/2.34

4.85

16.25

78.85

May

18829.68

322

6.07

/2.34

2.59

16.25

42.16

June 18829.68

135

2.54

/2.34

1.09

16.25

17.65

July 18829.68

102

1.93

/2.34

0.82

16.25

13.38

Aug

18829.68

112

2.10

/2.34

0.90

13.32

11.96

Sept 18829.68

213

4.01

/2.34

1.71

13.32

22.83

Oct

543

10.22

/2.34

4.37

13.32

58.15

18829.68

Nov

18829.68

825

15.53

/2.34

6.64

13.32

88.43

Dec

18829.68

1163

21.89

/2.34

9.35

13.32

124.60

7434 Total HDD

139.99 Total Heating Load (mmbtu)

59.82 Total System Demand (mmbtu)

903.77 Total Heating Cost

25069.57 btu/sqft 3.37 btu/sqft-hdd Passive house = 1 watt house (per sqmeter and hdd metric) = 0.8 Btu/sqft/hdd

x Best new homes: 2 Btu/SqFt-HDD ENERGY STAR速 homes: 5 Btu/SqFt-HDD low usage existing homes: 7 Btu/SqFt-HDD medium usage existing homes: 11 Btu/ SqFt-HDD high usage existing homes: 15 Btu/ SqFt-HDD

DOMESTIC HOT WATER General Information Gallons of hot water = 3118/month DHW Fuel type: electric 5. kwh/mo= gallons x .2 kwh/gallons 6. cost/kwh = $.05 (1 kwh = 3413 btu, mmbtu = btu x 106)

5. DHW Load kwh

x $/kwh

Monthly Domestic Hot Water Cost

Jan

673.9

x .05514

37.16

Feb

502.0

x .05547

27.85

Mar

542.5

x .05547

30.09

Apr

529.0

x .05547

29.34

May

673.9

x .05547

37.38

June

796.4

x .05546

44.17

July

817.4

x .05547

45.34

Aug

673.9

x .04546

30.63

Sept

529.0

x .04546

24.05

Oct

542.5

x .04546

24.66

Nov

529.0

x .04546

24.05

Dec

673.9

x .04548

30.65

Total

7483.4

385.37

Total DHW load

Total DHW cost

Activity

Gallons per use

# of times per month

total gallons per month

Clothes Washing

16.33

359.26

Showering

32.11

70.58

2266.32

Bathing

Automatic Dishwashing

21.83

261.96

Preparing Food

30.42

152.1

Hand Dishwashing

19.50

78 3118

COOLING General Information Equipment SEER rating 12.0 BTU/wh Unit Capacity 34600 BTUh (note: 1 ton = 12,000 BTU/hrs) (if window units add all together) 8. Monthly cooling system demand in kwh/CDD = 2.88 = unit capacity in BTU/hr divided by (SEER in BTU/wh x 1000 wh/kwh) 9. Electricity cost = $ .05/kwh

7. Monthly CH or CDD

8. Cooling System Demand factor (kwh/CDD)

Monthly Cooling System Demand (kwh)

9. Electricity cost per kwh

Monthly Cooling Cost

Jan

2.88

x .05514

Feb

2.88

x .05547

Mar

2.88

x .05547

Apr

2.88

x .05547

May

2.88

95.0

x .05547

5.27

June

109

2.88

313.9

x .05546

17.41

July

203

2.88

584.6

x .05547

32.43

Aug

160

2.88

460.8

x .04546

20.95

Sept

2.88

83.5

x .04546

3.80

Oct

2.88

11.5

x .04546

.52

Nov

2.88

x .04546

Dec

2.88

x .04548

538

1549.3

80.38

Total CDD

Total Cooling Load

Total Cooling Cost

LIGHTING 10. (total wh/mo)/1000 = 469.044 total kwh/mo 11. Electricity cost = $.05 /kwh

10. Monthly Lighting Load KWh

Monthly Lighting Cost

11. Electricity cost $/kwh

Jan

558.964

.05514

30.82

Feb

463.624

.05547

25.72

Mar

491.938

.05547

27.29

Apr

413.340

.05547

22.93

May

431.678

.05547

23.95

June

375.990

.05546

20.85

July

401.184

.05547

22.25

Aug

444.760

.04546

20.22

Sept

426.000

.04546

19.37

Oct

505.020

.04546

22.96

Nov

509.454

.04546

23.16

Dec

587.112

.04548

26.70

5609.064

286.22

Total Lighting Load

Total Lighting Cost

Lighting energy use Quantity in the House

Average Lamp Wattage (w)

Average Hours On per Month (h/mo)

Total (wh/mo)

Incandescent Lights

112

314496

Compact Fluorescent (CFL)

N/A

Fluorescent Lights

141

67680

Halogen Lights

127

86868

total

469044

APPLIANCES 12. (total wh/mo)/1000 = 425.742 total kwh/mo 13. Electricity cost = $.05 /kwh

12. Monthly Appliance Load (KWh)

Monthly Appiance Cost

13 Electricity cost $/kwh

Jan

433.250

.05514

23.89

Feb

398.291

.05547

22.09

Mar

409.592

.05547

22.72

Apr

406.789

.05547

22.56

May

441.806

.05547

24.51

June

457.147

.05546

25.35

July

460.889

.05547

25.57

Aug

441.806

.04546

30.08

Sept

406.789

.04546

18.49

Oct

409.592

.04546

18.62

Nov

405.391

.04546

18.43

Dec

433.250

.04548

19.70

5104.592

272.01

Total Appliance Load

Total Appliance Cost

Appliance energy use Quantity in House

Average Wattage in Use (w)

Average Hours On per Month (h/mo)

Total (wh/mo)

Refrigerator/Freezer

400

175

70000

Dryer

4800

76800

Washer

1440

23040

Oven/Stove

1861

57691

Computer

200

36000

Entertainment Center

115

35075

Other (small appliances)

128

73728

Other (large, eg. spa)

1669

53408

total

425742 wh/mo

425.742 kwh/mo

CARS Auto energy use Car 1 12000 miles/year / 21 mpg = 571 gallons X 0.125 mmbtu/gallon = 71 mmbtu Car 2 11000 miles/year / 25 mpg = 440 gallons X 0.125 mmbtu/gallon = 55 mmbtu 1011 Total gallons 126 Total mmbtu 14. Total mmbtu = 126/12 months 15. Average $/gallon = 2.50 / 0.125 mmbtu/gallon = $20.00/mmbtu

14. Monthly Cars MMBTU

Monthly Car Cost

15. $/mmbtu

Jan

10.5

20.00

210.00

Feb

10.5

20.00

210.00

Mar

10.5

20.00

210.00

Apr

10.5

20.00

210.00

May

10.5

20.00

210.00

June

10.5

20.00

210.00

July

10.5

20.00

210.00

Aug

10.5

20.00

210.00

Sept

10.5

20.00

210.00

Oct

10.5

20.00

210.00

Nov

10.5

20.00

210.00

Dec

10.5

20.00

210.00

126

2520.00

Total Car Load

Total Car Cost

TOTAL MONTHLY ENERGY USE (EXCLUDING CARS) ELECTRIC

$ Heating

$ Cooling

$ Domestic Hot Water

$ Lighting

$ Appliance

$ Estimated Total

Actual Electric Bills

Jan

171.62

37.16

30.82

23.89

263.49

295.92

Feb

146.45

27.85

25.72

22.09

222.11

258.46

Mar

127.69

30.09

27.29

22.72

207.79

228.86

Apr

78.85

29.34

22.93

22.56

153.68

145.36

May

42.16

5.27

37.38

23.95

24.51

133.27

143.46

June

17.65

17.41

44.17

20.85

25.35

125.43

39.32

July

13.38

32.43

45.34

22.25

25.57

138.97

118.09

Aug

11.96

20.95

30.63

20.22

30.08

113.84

108.22

Sept

22.83

3.80

24.05

19.37

18.49

88.54

101.89

Oct

58.15

.52

24.66

22.96

18.62

124.91

73.14

Nov

88.43

24.05

23.16

18.43

154.07

193.77

Dec

124.60

30.65

26.70

19.70

201.65

236.44

Total

903.77

80.38

385.37

286.22

272.01

1927.75

1942.93

ELECTRIC

Annual Kwh in mmbtu equivalent Annual mmbtu Percentage of Total Energy (%)

Estimated Electric Annual Total = $1927.75 Actual Electric Annual Total = $1942.93

Heating

Cooling

Lighting

Domestic Hot Water

Appliance

Totals

59.82

5.29

19.15

25.54

17.43

127.23

47.0

4.2

15.0

20.1

13.7

100%

How does your house compare to US and International energy standards? Annual btu/ft2

53319.98

Total Electricity Expenses 13.7 Heating

15.0

47.0

Domestic Hot Water Cooling

4.2

Lighting Appliances 20.1

Transmission Losses 15.0 Walls 42.4

18.5

Windows Doors Ceilings

2.4 6.1

Floors Infiltration Losses

15.6

Annual Load / Square Feet Heated = BEPS 127230000 / 2386.16 = 53319.98

The calculated estimate of the annual electricity costs ($1927.75) is 99% of the actual annual electricity costs ($1942.93). On a month to month basis, the estimates are slightly less accurate, which indicates that the actual electricity usage differs more from month to month than I estimated. For the month of June, the electricity usage estimate was drastically different than the actual electricity usage (roughly 3 times too much). While this estimate may have been inflated, the actual electricity usage for June was lower than it normally would have been because the Maund family was on vacation for most of that particular month. By far, the largest source of heat loss in the house is from infiltration. The second largest source of heat loss is through the windows. Because the windows do not have any low-e coatings, they have a very low R value (2.13). Adding insulation to the windows would significantly help reduce heat losses. Because the largest source of electricity costs is from heating, creating heating zones in the house would help reduce the amount of heating that is required. The second highest source of electricity costs is from the hot water heater. Lowering the temperature of the hot water would further lower costs. Although the house is in a relatively cold climate, there are no gas lines in the neighborhood, so electricity must be used for all energy demands. Additionally, because the Maund family needs to purchase new cars in the near future, selecting more gas efficient brands and models would dramatically reduce the amount spent on gasoline.

Energy Retrofits Based on the previous findings, the following retrofit measures are recommended to the homeowner. The savings of each retrofit were calculated individual of all other retrofits listed. All retrofit measures can be done by the homeowner and do not require additional labor costs. The combined effect of all the retrofits on the total house energy load is calculated in a revised form of the previous energy usage tables.

Order 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Retrofit Program existing setback thermostat thermosts Establish heating zones Replace incandescent light bulbs with cfl's Lower hot water temperature Caulking and weatherstripping Install rigid insulation around slab on grade Replace refigerator with energy-efficient model Install thermal blinds

Annual Energy Savings $0 20.16 mmbtu $634 18.18 mmbtu $311.48 2725.63 kwh $0 1870.8 kwh $108.33 5.08 mmbtu $215.55 2.61 mmbtu -$10 96.6 kwh $3,052.80 5.25 mmbtu

Initial Investment

Annual Payoff Cost Period Savings $302.47 0 years $282.57 3.31 years $136.28 2.29 years $96.34 0 years $76.20 1.42 years $39.54 5.45 years $4.83 0 years $79.43 38.43 years

Reduce Heating Costs: program existing setback thermostat Heating costs currently account for almost half of the utility bills. Reducing the heating degree day base temperature at night can quickly reduce heating costs. For the following calculations, the daytime temperature is maintained at 68 F, while the nighttime temperature is lowered to 60 F while people are sleeping. o

The existing thermostat for the house is capable of being programmed to change the temperature automatically throughout the day. This retrofit measure can be done by the homeowner in a matter of minutes and does not require any special labor or materials. Program existing thermostat: 68 F for 16 hours/day 60 F for 8 hours/night o

Average daily heating temperature = [(68 )(16) + (60 )(8)] / 24 = 65 F Effective heating degree base: subtract 5 for internal heat gains 65-5 = 60 F o

Annual Heating Degree Days, base 68 = 7434 Annual Heating Degree Days, base 60 = 4929 o

Comparison Existing HDD base 68 F, 234% system efficiency, $15.01/mmbtu Annual heating demand = 59.82 mmbtu Annual heating cost = $903.77 o

Retrofit HDD base 60 F, 234% system efficiency, $15.01/mmbtu Annual heating demand = 39.66 mmbtu Annual heating cost = $601.30 o

Annual heating savings = 20.16 mmbtu = $302.47

Reduce Heating Costs: establish heating zones Heating costs currently account for almost half of the utility bills. Introducing heating zones is one method of significantly reducing these costs. In this house, several doors will need to be installed to separate the hall from the main living spaces. Because door frames already exist in these locations (specified on plan), the homeowner is capable of installing these doors. Additionally, the doors to all the 2nd floor rooms and the laundry room will need to be kept closed at all times. In order to establish these heating zones, the homeowner will need to partially close some of the existing dampers on the heating ducts. Install single doors CLOSET 4

CLOSET 5

BATH ROOM 1

HALL 3

CLOSET 7

DINING AREA

LAUNDRY ROOM

KITCHEN

FAMILY ROOM

DOWN

HALL 2

BED ROOM 1

CLOSET 1

BED ROOM 3

CLOSET 6

DECK

BATH ROOM 2

BATH ROOM 3

CLOSET 3 BED ROOM 4

BED ROOM 2

DOWN

DINING ROOM

LIVING ROOM

2nd floor GARAGE

Masonite Wood Door with Beveled Glass $317/ French door set $150/ single door

1st floor

CLOSET 2

UP HALL 1

Install French doors

Install doors 2 sets of French doors: 2($317) = $634 2 single doors: 2($150) = $300 Total cost = $934 Partially close heating ducts such that: spaces indicated by pink are heated to 68o F {67.9% of total heated space} spaces indicated by purple are heated to 62o F {24.6% of total heated space} spaces indicated by blue are heated to 58o F {7.5% of total heated space} Average daily heating temperature = (68o)(67.9%) + (62o)(24.6%) + (58o)(7.5%) = 66o F Effective heating degree base: subtract 5o for internal heat gains: 66-5 = 61o F Annual Heating Degree Days, base 68o = 7434 Annual Heating Degree Days, base 62o = 5448 Annual Heating Degree Days, base 58o = 4443 Annual Heating Degree Days, base 61o F = 4879

Comparison

Existing HDD base 68o F, 234% system efficiency, $15.01/mmbtu Annual heating demand = 59.82 mmbtu Annual heating cost = $903.77 Retrofit HDD base 61o F, 234% system efficiency, $15.01/mmbtu Annual heating demand = 41.64 mmbtu Annual heating cost = $621.20

Annual heating savings = 18.18 mmbtu = $282.57 Payoff = $934/$282.57 = 3.31 years

Reduce Lighting Costs: replace incandescents with cflâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Lighting costs currently account for 15% of the house utility bills, with incandescent bulbs accounting for 67% of the total lighting load. Compact fluorescent light bulbs produce more lumens per watt than incandescent bulbs. Therefore, replacing incandescent light bulbs with compact fluorescent bulbs will greatly reduce lighting costs.

GE Energy Smart 15-Watt Globe Spiral Compact Fluorescent Light Bulb $5.99/ bulb Replace 52 incandescent light bulbs with 52 15-watt compact fluorescent bulbs (52 bulbs)($5.99/bulb) = $311.48

Comparison Existing 52 incandescent bulbs, average wattage = 54, average hours on/month = 112, $.05/kwh Annual lighting load = (52 bulbs)(54 watts)(112 hr/month)(12 month) = 3773.95 kwh Annual lighting cost = $188.70 Retrofit 52 cfl bulbs, average wattage = 15, average hours on/month = 112, $.05/kwh Annual infiltration losses = (52 bulbs)(15 watts)(112 hr/month)(12 month) = 1048.32 kwh Annual infiltration cost = $52.42 Annual lighting savings = 2725.63 kwh = $136.28 Payoff = $311.48/$136.28 = 2.29 years

Reduce DHW Costs: lower water temperature Domestic hot water costs currently account for 20.1% of the utility costs for the house. Because the homeowners do not have any problems running out of hot water, reducing the hot water temperature from 140 F to 120 F can significantly reduce the domestic hot water cost. Furthermore, none of the appliances require hot water that is 140 F directly out of the tank. Reducing the hot water temperature is simply a matter of adjusting the thermostat on the hot water heater. o

Adjust thermostat on hot water heater from 140 F to 120 F. o

Comparison Existing Hot water temperature = 140 F, cold water temperature = 55 F, 3118 gallons/month, $.05/kwh Annual DHW load = 7483.4kwh Annual DHW cost = $385.37 o

Retrofit Hot water temperature = 120 F, cold water temperature = 55 F, 3118 gallons/month, $.05/kwh Annual DHW load = 5612.6 kwh Annual DHW cost = $289.03 o

Annual heating savings = 1870.8 kwh = $96.34

Reduce Infiltration Losses: caulking and weatherstripping Infiltration losses account for almost half of the heat loss in the house. There is currently no caulking around the window or door frames and the existing weatherstripping in the windows is deteriorating and is no longer effective. Because all the pipe penetrations as well as the chimney have been completely sealed, they are not significantly responsible for infiltration losses.

Caulking Diagram

Caulking should be applied around the exterior of all window and door frames, as well as between the sheathing and siding on the exterior of the house (see caulking diagram). Weatherstripping should be installed in the interior tracks of the window frames (see weatherstripping diagram). All of these procedures can easily be done by the homeowner.

GE Premium Waterproof Window & Door 100% Silicone Caulk $5.97/ tube (caulks 250’) Thermwell Frost King EPDM Cellular Rubber Weatherstrip Tape, D-Section $5.67/ 17’ roll

Caulking 287’ total needed for all windows 33’ total needed for all doors 190’ total needed between siding and sheathing 310’ total needed for house / 250’ per tube = 2 tubes needed (2 tubes)($5.97/tube) = $11.94 Weatherstripping 288’ total needed for all windows / 17’ per roll = 17 rolls needed (17 rolls)($5.67/roll) = $96.39 Combined material cost = $108.33

Comparison

Existing Weatherstripping Diagram .9 Air exchanges/hour, 7434 HDD, 2.34% system efficiency, $15.01/mmbtu Annual infiltration losses = (.9)(.018 btu cu.ft. F)(20546.47 cu. ft.)(24 hrs.)(7434 HDD) = 25.38 mmbtu Annual infiltration cost = $380.95 o

Retrofit Estimated 20% reduction in infiltration 0.72 air exchanges/hour, 7434 HDD, 2.34% system efficiency, $15.01/mmbtu Annual infiltration losses = (.72)(.018 btu cu.ft. F)(20546.47 cu. ft.)(24 hrs.)(7434 HDD) = 20.30 mmbtu Annual infiltration cost = $304.75 o

Annual infiltration savings = 5.08 mmbtu = $76.20 Payoff = $108.33/$76.20 = 1.42 years

Reduce Heat Loss: install rigid insulation around slab on grade Although this house has well insulated walls and roofs, the slab on grade is not properly insulated, making the family room floor very cold in the winter. Installing rigid insulation along the perimeter of the slab on grade will reduce the heat loss through the floor. This retrofit can be completed by the homeowners by digging away the soil along the perimeter of the slab on grade and inserting sheets of rigid insulation, then filling in around the insulation with soil.

FOAMULAR® 150 2in Rigid Foam Insulation $23.95/ 96” x 48” sheet Cut insulation to size and install 132’ x 2’ sheet of rigid foamular insulation = 9 sheets foamular insulation = $215.55

Comparison Existing F-value of slab on grade = .81 Annual heating demand = 59.82 mmbtu Annual heating cost = $903.77 Retrofit F-value of slab on grade = .55 Annual heating demand = 57.21 mmbtu Annual heating cost = $864.23 Annual heating savings = 2.61 mmbtu = $39.54 Payoff = $215.55/$39.54 = 5.45 years

Install 2’ wide pieces of rigid insulation

Reduce Appliance Costs: replace refrigerator with energy efficient model Whirlpool速 19.0 Cu. Ft. Top Mount Refrigerator ENERGY STAR速 $899 -----vs.----Whirlpool速 19.0 Cu. Ft. Top Mount Refrigerator $909

Appliance loads currently account for 13.7% of the utility bills, with the refrigerator alone accounting for 16% of the total appliance load. Because the existing refrigerator needs to be replaced (it is 20 years old), this retrofit compares buying an energy efficient refrigerator to buying a standard model. Replace existing GE top mount refrigerator with a Whirlpool energy star top mount refrigerator, as opposed to a Whirlpool standard top mount refrigerator.

Comparison Existing GE top mount refrigerator, 400 watts, runs 175 hrs/month, $.05/kwh Annual refrigerator energy usage = (400 watts)(175 hrs/month)(12 months) = 840 kwh Annual refrigerator cost = $42.00 Retrofit Whirlpool top mount standard refrigerator, 236 watts, runs 175 hrs/month, $.05/kwh Annual refrigerator energy usage = (236 watts)(175 hrs/month)(12 months) = 495.6 kwh Annual refrigerator cost = $24.78 Whirlpool top mount energy star refrigerator, 190 watts, runs 175 hrs/month, $.05/kwh Annual refrigerator energy usage = (190 watts)(175 hrs/month)(12 months) =399 kwh Annual refrigerator cost = $19.95 Annual refrigerator savings with: Whirlpool energy star model compared to existing model = 441 kwh = $22.05 Whirlpool energy star model compared to Whirlpool standard model = 96.6 kwh = $4.83 Payoff with: [Whirlpool energy star model compared to existing model = $899/$22.05 = 40.77 years] Whirlpool energy star model compared to Whirlpool standard model = (-$10)/$4.83 = 0 years Annual earnings = $4.83

Reduce Heating Costs: install thermal blinds Heating costs currently account for almost half of the utility bills with windows accounting for 18.5% of the total heat loss. Because the R-value of the existing windows is quite low (2.13), adding insulating blinds can significantly reduce the heat loss. However, because thermal blinds with a high R-value are fairly expensive, they should only be considered by homeowners interested in a long-term investment. These blinds can easily be installed by the homeowners.

Hunter Douglas Duette Architella blinds $17.40/ sq. foot Install blinds in family room, eating area, kitchen, bathrooms, and bedrooms 1, 3, 4 Cost of blinds = ($17.40)(197 sq. ft.) = $3427.80 - tax rebate of $25/blind Final cost of blinds = $3427.80 - $375 = 3052.80 Existing windows: R = 2.13 Architella blinds: R = 7.86 Combined R = 9.99 Use blinds approx. 8-10 hours/night Annual Heating Degree Days, base 68o = 7434 Annual Nighttime Heating Degree Days, base 68o = approx. 5600 Effective R = [(5600)(9.99) +(1834)(2.13)]/7434 = 8.05 Effective U = .12

Comparison

Existing BLC = 18829.68 btu/dayo F, 234% system efficiency, $15.01/mmbtu Annual heating demand = 59.82 mmbtu Annual heating cost = $903.77 Retrofit BLC = 17174.88 btu/dayo F, 234% system efficiency, $15.01/mmbtu Annual heating demand =54.57 mmbtu Annual heating cost = $824.34 Annual heating savings = 5.25 mmbtu = $79.43 Payoff = $3052.80/$79.43 = 38.43 years

HEATING Heating: Building Load Coefficient 1. UA total for house (BTU/h oF) = 614.72 x 24 = 14741.76 building load coefficient (BTU/day oF) 2. Effective DD base = 58oF Heating fuel type 1: electric 3B. heating system efficiency = 234% 4. $ 15.01/mmbtu = $.05/kwh

1. BLC = 24 UA/ DD

2. mo, HDD (base 58o)

3. Htg. Load BTU x 106 (1. X 2.)

divide by sys. effic. (eg. .85 = 85%)

3B. Htg. System Demand (BTU x 106)

Monthly Heating Cost

4. cost/ mmbtu

Jan

14741.76

1011

14.90

/2.34

6.37

16.15

102.82

Feb

14741.76

840

12.38

/2.34

5.29

16.25

85.99

Mar

14741.76

667

9.83

/2.34

4.20

16.25

68.23

Apr

14741.76

303

4.47

/2.34

1.91

16.25

31.02

May

14741.76

0.18

/2.34

0.08

16.25

1.27

June 14741.76

/2.34

16.25

0.00

July 14741.76

/2.34

16.25

0.00

Aug

14741.76

/2.34

13.32

0.00

Sept 14741.76

/2.34

13.32

0.00

Oct

14741.76

233

3.43

/2.34

1.46

13.32

19.51

Nov

14741.76

525

7.74

/2.34

3.31

13.32

44.06

Dec

14741.76

853

12.57

/2.34

5.37

13.32

71.54

4443 Total HDD

65.49 Total Heating Load (mmbtu)

27.99 Total System Demand (mmbtu)

424.22 Total Heating Cost

11730.14 btu/sqft 2.64 btu/sqft/hdd Passive house = 1 watt house (per sqmeter and hdd metric) = 0.8 Btu/sqft/hdd

DOMESTIC HOT WATER General Information Gallons of hot water = 3118/month DHW Fuel type: electric 5. kwh/mo= gallons x .15 kwh/gallons 6. cost/kwh = $.05 (1 kwh = 3413 btu, mmbtu = btu x 106)

5. DHW Load kwh

x $/kwh

Monthly Domestic Hot Water Cost

Jan

505.4

x .05514

27.87

Feb

376.5

x .05547

20.88

Mar

406.9

x .05547

22.57

Apr

396.8

x .05547

22.01

May

505.4

x .05547

28.04

June

597.3

x .05546

33.13

July

613.1

x .05547

34.01

Aug

505.4

x .04546

22.98

Sept

396.8

x .04546

18.04

Oct

406.9

x .04546

18.50

Nov

396.8

x .04546

18.04

Dec

505.4

x .04548

22.99

Total

5612.55

289.03

DHW load

Total DHW cost

Activity

Gallons per use

# of times per month

total gallons per month

Clothes Washing

16.33

359.26

Showering

32.11

70.58

2266.32

Bathing

Automatic Dishwashing

21.83

261.96

Preparing Food

30.42

152.1

Hand Dishwashing

19.50

78 3118

7. Monthly CH or CDD

8. Cooling System Demand factor (kwh/CDD)

Monthly Cooling System Demand (kwh)

9. Electricity cost per kwh

Monthly Cooling Cost

Jan

2.88

x .05514

Feb

2.88

x .05547

Mar

2.88

x .05547

Apr

2.88

x .05547

May

2.88

95.0

x .05547

5.27

June

109

2.88

313.9

x .05546

17.41

July

203

2.88

584.6

x .05547

32.43

Aug

160

2.88

460.8

x .04546

20.95

Sept

2.88

83.5

x .04546

3.80

Oct

2.88

11.5

x .04546

.52

Nov

2.88

x .04546

Dec

2.88

x .04548

538

1549.3

80.38

Total CDD

Total Cooling Load

Total Cooling Cost

LIGHTING 10. (total wh/mo)/1000 = 241.908 total kwh/mo 11. Electricity cost = $.05 /kwh

10. Monthly Lighting Load KWh

Monthly Lighting Cost

11. Electricity cost $/kwh

Jan

285.106

.05514

15.72

Feb

236.488

.05547

13.12

Mar

252.517

.05547

14.01

Apr

219.120

.05547

12.15

May

224.315

.05547

12.44

June

195.225

.05546

10.83

July

208.680

.05547

11.58

Aug

231.352

.04546

10.52

Sept

225.930

.04546

10.27

Oct

259.554

.04546

11.80

Nov

260.190

.04546

11.83

Dec

269.328

.04548

13.48

2894.805

147.74

Total Lighting Load

Total Lighting Cost

Quantity in the House

Average Lamp Wattage (w)

Average Hours On per Month (h/mo)

Total (wh/mo)

Incandescent Lights

112

87360

Compact Fluorescent (CFL)

N/A

Fluorescent Lights

141

67680

Halogen Lights

127

86868

total

241908

APPLIANCES 12. (total wh/mo)/1000 = 388.991 total kwh/mo 13. Electricity cost = $.05 /kwh

12. Monthly Appliance Load (KWh)

Monthly Appiance Cost

13 Electricity cost $/kwh

Jan

401.750

.05514

22.15

Feb

364.691

.05547

20.23

Mar

373.892

.05547

20.74

Apr

368.889

.05547

20.46

May

401.906

.05547

22.29

June

415.147

.05546

23.02

July

418.889

.05547

22.24

Aug

401.906

.04546

18.27

Sept

368.989

.04546

16.77

Oct

373.892

.04546

17.00

Nov

371.791

.04546

16.90

Dec

401.750

.04548

18.27

4663.592

238.35

Total Appliance Load

Total Appliance Cost

Appliance energy use Quantity in House

Average Wattage in Use (w)

Average Hours On per Month (h/mo)

Total (wh/mo)

Refrigerator/Freezer

190

175

33250

Dryer

4800

76800

Washer

1440

23040

Oven/Stove

1861

57691

Computer

200

36000

Entertainment Center

115

35075

Other (small appliances)

128

73728

Other (large, eg. spa)

1669

53408

total

388991 wh/mo

388.991 kwh/mo

14. Monthly Cars MMBTU

Monthly Car Cost

15. $/mmbtu

Jan

10.5

20.00

210.00

Feb

10.5

20.00

210.00

Mar

10.5

20.00

210.00

Apr

10.5

20.00

210.00

May

10.5

20.00

210.00

June

10.5

20.00

210.00

July

10.5

20.00

210.00

Aug

10.5

20.00

210.00

Sept

10.5

20.00

210.00

Oct

10.5

20.00

210.00

Nov

10.5

20.00

210.00

Dec

10.5

20.00

210.00

126

2520.00

Total Car Load

Total Car Cost

TOTAL MONTHLY ENERGY USE (EXCLUDING CARS) ELECTRIC

$ Heating

$ Cooling

$ Domestic Hot Water

$ Lighting

$ Appliance

$ Estimated Total

Actual Electric Bills

Jan

102.82

27.87

15.72

22.15

168.56

295.92

Feb

85.99

20.88

13.12

20.23

140.22

258.46

Mar

68.23

22.57

14.01

20.74

125.55

228.86

Apr

31.02

22.01

12.15

20.46

85.64

145.36

May

1.27

5.27

28.04

12.44

22.29

69.31

143.46

June

17.41

33.13

10.83

23.02

84.39

39.32

July

32.43

34.01

11.58

22.24

100.26

118.09

Aug

20.95

22.98

10.52

18.27

72.72

108.22

Sept

3.80

18.04

10.27

16.77

48.88

101.89

Oct

19.51

.52

18.50

11.80

17.00

67.33

73.14

Nov

44.06

18.04

11.83

16.90

90.8

193.77

Dec

71.54

22.99

13.48

18.27

126.28

236.44

Total

424.22

80.38

289.03

147.74

238.35

1179.72

1942.93

ELECTRIC

Estimated Electric Annual Total = $1179.72 Actual Electric Annual Total = $1942.93 Total Annual Electric Savings = $763.21

Annual Kwh in mmbtu equivalent Annual mmbtu Percentage of Total Energy (%)

Heating

Cooling

Lighting

Domestic Hot Water

Appliance

Totals

27.99

5.29

9.88

19.16

15.92

78.24

35.8

6.8

12.6

24.5

20.3

100%

How does your house compare to US and International energy standards? Annual btu/ft2

32789.08

Transmission Losses existing

Total Electricity Expenses existing

15.0 Walls 42.4

13.7

18.5

47.0

Doors Ceilings

Heating

15.0

Windows

2.4 6.1

Domestic Hot Water

Floors Infiltration Losses

15.6

Cooling 4.2

Lighting Appliances 20.1

Transmission Losses after retrofits

Total Electricity Expenses after retrofits

19.2

Walls

43.3

Windows

20.3

12.4

35.8

Heating Domestic Hot Water Cooling

12.6

Lighting Appliances

6.8 24.5

Annual Load / Square Feet Heated = BEPS 127230000 / 2386.16 = 32801.66

3.1 7.7 14.3

Doors Ceilings Floors Infiltration Losses

Solar Redesign For a passive solar redesign, first the area of South facing windows is calculated to suntemper the house. This window area provides only as much solar heat as can be immediately used. Second, the area of South facing windows as well as the cubic footage of storage mass is calculated in order to passively heat the house.

Suntempering

South Facade Data

[UAh + UgAg + Usw(Atw-Ag)] (ti-to) = IsAg where: UAh = 566.16 btu/hr F Ug = .12 Ag = variable to be solved, area of south glazing Usw = .0456 Atw = 785.36 sq. ft. ti = 68 F to = 33 F Is = (254)(.47) = 119.38 btuh

Total = 785.36 sq. ft. Windows = 143.05 sq. ft. effective U = .134 Walls = 642.31 sq. ft. U = .0456

[566.16 + .12Ag + .0456(785.36-Ag)] (35) = 119.38Ag Ag = 180.42 sq. ft.

Passive Solar SSE2 passive solar system SSF = 36% LCR = 40 = 24(566.16)/Ag Ag = 339.70 sq. ft.

5’4”

8’ 24’

32’

Mass:Glass area ratio = 3:1 Mass = 3(339.70) = 1019.88 sq. ft. Use concrete for heat storage mass UgAg = (.12)(339.70) = 40.76 btu/hr F Heat Capacity of concrete = 31.7 btu/cu. ft. F 40.76 = [(x)(31.7)]/339.70 x = 436.78 cu. ft. concrete concrete thickness = 5.14” **Night insulation was calculated into the retrofitted UA. Consult retrofit page on thermal blinds.

PASSIVE SOLAR 2ND FLOOR PLAN SCALE: 1/8” = 1’

WINDOWS ADDED TO SOUTHERN FACADE FOR SOLAR HEAT GAIN

PRIMARY LIVING SPACES LOCATED ALONG SOUTHERN FACADE

PASSIVE SOLAR SITE PLAN SCALE: 1” = 30’

EVERGREEN TREES BLOCK AND DISPERSE WESTERN WINDS

DECK PROTECTED FROM WIND BY GARAGE

HOUSE ROTATED TO CAPTURE MAXIMUM SOUTHERN SUN AND SOLAR HEAT GAINS

CONCRETE WALL AND FLOOR STORE SOLAR HEAT GAINS FROM GLASS FACADE

TREES PROVIDE MODERATE SHADING FROM EASTERN SUMMER SUN

PASSIVE SOLAR SOUTH ELEVATION SCALE: 1/8” = 1’

SOUTHERN GLASS OF PASSIVE SOLAR SYSTEM CAPTURES SUN FOR SOLAR HEAT GAINS

NIGHT

PASSIVE SOLAR SECTION DIAGRAMS SCALE: 1/8” = 1’

DAY

WINTER

SUMMER