Gujrati patrakarita visheshank by Lokendra Singh

01 NySfpsu `ÓLpfÐh qhíp¡jp„L

ISSN 2249-0590

ehfM;k izksQs'kuyksa ds vkRefparu vkSj vkReeaFku dk izdYi

xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk fo'ks"kkad vuqØe

o"kZ&9] vad&34] tuojh&ekpZ] 2015

ekun lykgdkj laiknd

fo’oukFk lpnso] MkW- ijekRekukFk f}osnh

lk{kkRdkj

bl vad ds vfrfFk laiknd

dey 'kekZ

laiknd MkW- Jhdkar flag v"VHkqtk 'kqDy] MkW- xksik ckxph] MkW- lqHknzk jkBkSj] MkW- vkjrh lkjax dk;Zdkjh laiknd

lat; f}osnh

eks- 09893598888 izca/k laiknd izHkkr feJ] 'khrykuan frokjh milaiknd iadt dqekj] f'kf'kj f}osnh] ehrsUnz ukxs'k] fgrs'k 'kqDyk 428&jksfgr uxj] Qst&1] Hkksiky&462039 ¼eiz½ eksckby % 09893598888 E-mail: mediavimarsh@gmail.com

QksVks% panzeksgu xqtZj] uwg vyh vkQjhnh] 'kjnuanu f=ikBh] f'kokuh mik/;k;

i`"B lTtk iwue feJ bZesy% 2013poonammishra@gmail.com lg;ksx jkf'k

;g vad % j 50 okf"kZd % j 200] ¼O;fDrxr½ % j 400 ¼laLFkkxr½ euhvkMZj] Mªk¶V ;k psd ehfM;k foe'kZ&Hkksiky ds uke ls gh HkstsaA ckgj ds psd esa 40 #i;s vfrfjDr tksM+saA leLr in voSrfud] jpukvksa dk nkf;Ro jpukdkjksa ijA fdlh Hkh fookn dk twfjlfMD’ku jk;iqj gksxkA eqnzd ,oa izdk’kd Hkwfedk f}osnh }kjk fiz;adk vkWQlsV] 25 ,& izsl dkEiysDl] ,e-ih- uxj] Hkksiky ls eqfnzr djkdj ,e-vkbZ-th-& 37] gkmflax cksMZ dkyksuh] dpuk] jk;iqj ¼NÙkhlx<+½ ls izdkf’krA laiknd % MkW- Jhdkar flag

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

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Lof.kZe v/;k;

'kf'kdkar olkuh fiadh nyky Hkxorh dqekj 'kekZ euh"k esgrk fdjhV x.kk=kk dkSf'kd esgrk dkuk ckVok egs'k ifjey vk'kh"k tks'kh

09 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25

1- dey 'kekZ 2- dkSf'kd esgrk 3- MkW- fd'kksj nos 4- ckny iaM~;k

ehfM;k xq# MkW- ;klhu nyky

Cover Story 28 32 35

1- vt; uk;d 2- fgeka'kq fddk.kh 3- dY;k.kh ns'keq[k

u;kfopkjkFkZ nkSj] ubZ pqukSfr;ka 49 51 52 55 57 59 62 65 68 71 73

vk;kstu yksdsUnz flag

osc foe'kZ

1. Prof. V.S.Gupta 2. Anu Bandopadhyay 3. Mrinal Chatterjee

1- 'kSys"k jkoy 2- fiadh nyky 3- dqyoar gSIih 4- t;s"k fprfy;k 5- vpZuk xqlk.kh 6- rq"kkj f=kosnh 7- foØe odhy 8- t;s"k v/;k# 9- vk'kqrks"k nslkbZ 10- t;s"k Bdjkj 11- MkW- ;klhu nyky

38 43 45 47

110

77 80 83

iqLrd leh{kk 1- vfuy pefM+;k 2- jatuk fo"V 3- lbZn valkjh

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vk;kstu veu vkdk'k

flus foe'kZ uhrk mnkuh

fo'ks"k fjiksVZ fo'ks"k fVIi.kh

95 112

vfrfFk laiknd dh vksj ls

u, tekus dh pqukSfr;kas ds fy, xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk

Fkk fganqLrku dh vkRek xkaoksa esa clrh gSA blh rtZ ij esjk [;ky gS fd Hkkjrh; i=kdkfjrk dh vkRek fganqLrku e dsgkRekyk[kksxkaa/xkakh odkksa dhdgukviuh&viuh Hkk"kk vkSj cksfy;ksa esa fuokl djrh gSA lqnwj vkSj lhekar {ks=kksa esa cSBs vke vkneh rd ;fn fdlh dks viuh ckr ;k lans'k igqapkuk gks rks mldh viuh Hkk"kk ls csgrj dksbZ Hkk"kk ughaA vaxzsth vkSj fganh Hkh ml vke vkneh rd lgh rjhds ls lans'k ugha igqapk ldrhA ;gh otg gS fd ns'k ds fofHkUu jkT;ksa esa mudh viuh Hkk"kkvksa ds v[kckj] if=kdk,a etcwr tM+sa tek, gq, gSaA fizaV ehfM;k ds vykok bysDVªkWfud ek/;e vkSj Fkzh th usV ds ckn rsth ls mHkjs U;w ehfM;k esa Hkh izknsf'kd Hkk"kkvksa dh i=kdkfjrk vkSj etcwr gqbZ gSA egkuxjksa vkSj uxjksa esa ubZ ih<+h ds cPps Hkys gh vaxzsth ek/;e dh Ldwyksa esa f'k{kk ik jgs gSa ysfdu ;s cPps igys viuh Hkk"kk esa dksbZ ckr lksprs gSa vkSj fQj mls vaxzsth esa O;Dr djrs gSaA Bhd blh rjg mUgsa tc dksbZ lans'k vaxzsth esa feyrk gS rks os mldk vuqokn vius efLr"d esa viuh Hkk"kk esa dj mldk vFkZ ,oa vlj tkurs gSaA xkaoksa dh ckr dh tk, rks ogka Hkh vaxzsth ek/;e esa f'k{kk dk jksx yxk gS] ckotwn blds ogka izknsf'kd Hkk"kkvksa ds Ldwy [kwc py jgs gSaA vke fganqLrkuh vaxzsth esa fdruk Hkh i<+&fy[k ysa] ysfdu ?kj vkSj mldh vke lksgcr esa og viuh gh Hkk"kk esa ckrphr djrk gSA ;gka rd ns[kk x;k gS fd ,d gh fo"k; ij ;fn vaxzsth] fganh vkSj izknsf'kd Hkk"kk dh fdrkcsa j[k nh tk,a rks O;fä viuh Hkk"kk esa fy[kh fdrkc dks i<+uk T;knk ilan djsxk vkSj laHko gS og mls ,d gh cSBd esa i<+ tk,A nwljh Hkk"kkvksa esa f'k{kk vkSj ukSdfj;ka Hkys miyC/k gSa ysfdu nqfu;k ds gj O;fä dh ;g leku lksp gS fd og viuh Hkk"kk ls T;knk nwljh fdlh Hkh Hkk"kk ls I;kj ugha djrkA fganqLrku esa dgkor gS fd gj 12 dksl ij cksyh vkSj ikuh cny tkrk gS rks ;gka rks ;g vkSj Hkh fujkyh ckr gSA dqN jkT;ksa dh viuh iwjh cksyh gh ugha] muds dkedkt] fy[kkbZ&i<+kbZ dh viuh Hkk"kk,a gSaA bu Hkk"kkvksa us ns'k ds fodkl esa fganh ds lkFk da/ks ls da/kk feykdj ;ksxnku fn;k gSA ckr tc i=kdkfjrk dh gS rks vaxzstksa ds tqYe ds f[kykQ cksyuk] jktk&jktokM+ksa dh rkuk'kkgh ,oa fQtwy[kphZ ls ysdj yksdrkaf=kd ljdkjksa ds xyr dneksa ij vke turk dks txkus dk dke izknsf'kd Hkk"kkvksa esa lcls T;knk gqvk gSA bu Hkk"kkvksa esa ckaXyk vkSj xqtjkrh us rks ges'kk vge Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gSA bu Hkk"kkvksa ds v[kckjksa us gj fdlh ds tqYeksa dk tedj fojks/k fd;k vkSj fodkl dh ckr vkbZ rks Hkh c<+&p<+dj fgLlk fy;kA egkRek xka/kh us ns'k dks vktknh fnykus esa cM+k ;ksxnku fn;k vkSj mUgksaus Hkh i=kdkfjrk dk lgkjk fy;k] ftlesa mUgksaus dbZ xqtjkrh v[kckjksa dk laiknu laHkkykA xqtjkrh Hkk"kk ds ^tUeHkwfe*] ^QwyNkc* tSls v[kckj pykus okys lkSjk"VªVªLV ds Hkouksa dk rks mi;ksx ns'k dh vktknh esa c<+&p<+dj fgLlk ysus okys dbZ Økafrdkfj;ksa us viuh cSBdksa vkSj j.kuhfr cukus ds dke fy;kA vktknh ds ckn vius izns'k ds fodkl ds fy, xqtjkrh Hkk"kk ds ek/;eksa us chM+k mBk;k vkSj vkt Hkh ;g dk;Z cxSj #ds&vVds py jgk gSA fiNys nl lkyksa esa lewph i=kdkfjrk esa O;kid ifjorZu gq, ftUgsa viukus esa Hkh xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ihNs ugha jghA fizafVax rduhd] fofHkUu laLdj.k ls ysdj vkSj gjsd oxZ dh #fp ds vuq:i lkexzh ijkslus ls ysdj fMftVy ds tekus esa ;gka [kwc dke gks jgk gSA yxHkx gjsd ehfM;k ?kjkuk lks'ky ehfM;k ds gjsd lzksr ij vkus ds vykok viuh osclkbV fodflr dj pqdk gS vkSj rsth ls bl fn'kk esa vkxs c<+k tk jgk gSA iSlk Hkh [kwc fuos'k fd;k tk jgk gSA LekVZQksu ds tekus esa vk, cnyko ls bu ehfM;k ?kjkuksa us vius ;gka dke dj jgs deZpkfj;ksa dks Hkh ySl fd;k gSA T;knkrj xqtjkrh i=kdkjksa dks vki LekVZQksu ls ykbo fjiksfVaZx djrs gq, ns[k ldrs gSaA ?kVukLFky ls gh ySiVkWi ds ek/;e ls LVksjh Qkby djuk vkSj mls osclkbV ij igqapkrs gq, xqtjkrh i=kdkjksa dks vki vklkuh ls ns[k ldrs gSa tcfd vU; Hkk"kkbZ i=kdkfjrk esa ;g vke gks jgk gSA rdjhcu nks lkS lky iqjkuh xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk dh tks uhao êqacbZ lekpkj* us j[kh og vc ubZ pqukSfr;ksa ds lkFk] u, ek/;eksa ds lkFk] u, dysoj vkSj u, rsoj ds lkFk rsth ls vkxs c<+ jgh gSA gkykafd] ;g Lohdkj djuk gksxk fd xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk dks tksjnkj xfr HkkLdj lewg ds lekpkj i=k ^fnO; HkkLdj* us nh] blesa nks jk; ughaA êhfM;k foe'kZ* ds bl xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk vad esa lewps laikndh; eaMy us xkxj esa lkxj Hkjus dk iz;kl fd;k gS] gkykafd] dbZ phtsa] dbZ ckrsa NwVh gksaxh ysfdu mnwZ i=kdkfjrk ds vad ds ckn {ks=kh; Hkk"kk ds vadksa dh Ükà[kyk ds rgr fd;k x;k ;g iz;kl ikBdksa dks ilan vk,xk] ,slh mEehn gSA êhfM;k foe'kZ* ds bl xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk fo'ks"kkad ds fy, ys[k fy[kus okys lHkh ys[kdksa dk eSa vkSj êhfM;k foe'kZ* dh lewph Vhe fny ls vkHkkj izdV djrh gSA & dey 'kekZ] bZ&esy& kamaljalaj@gmail.com

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

feyh vkidh ikrh olqU/kjk jkts eq[;ea=kh jktLFkku

lans'k vkt ds ;qx esa ehfM;k ds izHkko ls lHkh ifjfpr gSaA ehfM;k ls lacaf/kr i=k&if=kdk,a dsoy ehfM;kdfeZ;ksa ds fy, gh mi;ksxh ugha gksrh cfYd buesa vketu dh Hkh #fp gksrh gSA ;g izlUurk dk fo"k; gS fd ehfM;k foe'kZ if=kdk vius egRoiw.kZ fo'ks"kkadksa ds ek/;e ls ehfM;kdfeZ;ksa ds vkRefparu dk vk/kkj vkSj vU; yksxksa dks ehfM;k dh vf/kdre tkudkjh iznku djus esa l{ke gqbZ gSA eq>s ;g tkudj izlUurk gS fd ehfM;k foe'kZ us okf"kZd vad ,dkRe ekuookn ds LoIun`"Vk] [;kfruke i=kdkj vkSj ys[kd iafMr nhun;ky mik/;k; ds O;fDrRo ,oa d`frRo ij dsafnzr fd;k gSA if=kdk ds lQy izdk'ku ds fy, esjh vksj ls 'kqHkdkeuk,aA

¼olqU/kjk jkts½

8 Kkuo/kZd vad

Hkkjrh; i=kdkfjrk ij gks ,d vad

cgqr [kwcA exj Hkkjrh; i=kdkfjrk ij vad fudkyus dh ;kstuk ij dke djsa] rkfd ,d gh vad esa reke Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkbZ i=kdkfjrk ds gky&csgky] pky] ekykeky] eLr gky vkSj nyky i=kdkfjrk dk Hkh voyksdu fd;k tk ldsA ;g lc dke egkuxj ls nwj gh laHko gS] D;ksafd fnYyh esa cSBs reke ys[kd] vkykspd] fo'ys"kd vkSj Louke/kU; yksx dsoy Vhdk&fVIi.kh] fuank] vkykspuk] [kaHkk m[kkM+us] iqjLdkj gfFk;kus] nwljksa dks uhpk fn[kkus esa gh ekfgj vkSj eats gq, gSaA vki ns[k yhft, ge fnYyh okyksa dks okrkuqdwfyr jsy] gksVy ds vykok dqN ugha Hkkrk vkSj u blds cxSj tkrs gSaA esgur& fparu vkfn dks nwjLFk bykdksa ds fy, NksM+ fn;k x;k gSA ,d lky esa ;kn djsa dksbZ ,d Hkh ehfM;k ij lsfeukj gqvk gS\ ugha D;ksafd ge [kaHkk m[kkM+us okyksa dh Js.kh esa ¼ls½ vkrs gaSA fygktk Hkkjrh; & x.ks'k ukjk;.k feJk] ofj"B Hkktik usrk] dIrkuxat i=kdkfjrk ij vad dh ;kstuk ^ehfM;k foe'kZ* dks gh djuk laHko gksxkA vki }kjk laikfnr if=kdk ^ehfM;k foe'kZ* dk ianhun;ky mik/;k; Le`fr vad dbZ n`f"V ls jkspd ,oa Kkuo/kZd yxkA okLro esa Hkkjrh; jktuhfrd O;oLFkk viuh orZeku fLFkfr esa ftl oSpkfjd 'kwU;rk dk vHkko >sy jgh gSA ,sls le; esa ;g fo'ks"kkad vkSj Hkh egRoiw.kZ gks tkrk gSA tgka ,d vksj fopkj/kkjk ds Lrj ij izR;sd jktuhfrd ny ftl nhokfy;siu dks >sy jgs gSa ,sls le; esa nhun;ky mik/;k; dk n'kZu vkSj Hkh izklafxd gks tkrk gSA if=kdk ifjokj blh izdkj ds iz;kl vkxs Hkh djrk jgs rkfd ;qok ih<+h dks lgh ekxZn'kZu fey ldsA

fo/kkulHkk {ks=] cLrh ¼m-iz-½

& vukeh'kj.k ccy] fnYyh

tsyksa ij fudkfy, vad

eSaus Hkkjrh; tulapkj laLFkku] ubZ fnYyh ls i=kdkfjrk dh i<+kbZ dh gSA eq>s gky gh esa ^ehfM;k foe'kZ* dk fnlacj vad ns[kus dks feyk vkSj eSa mlesa ^frudk frudk frgkM+ gS] fruds esa Hkh vkl gS* i<+dj csgn gSjku vkSj [kq'k gqvkA eSaus bl fdrkc dh ppkZ fiNys fnuksa dbZ ckj lquh Fkh ysfdu ,d fdrkc ds lkFk ofrZdk uUnk us brus lkjs iz;ksx fd, gSa] bldk eq>s Kku ugha FkkA eSaus vius vc rd ds thou esa bl rjg dk vuwBk iz;ksx ugha ns[kk gSA bl ys[k dks i<+dj eSa cgqr mRlkgh eglwl dj jgk gwa vkSj eSa [kqn Hkh tsyksa ds fy, dqN djus ds fy, izsfjr gks x;k gwaA vkidk vkHkkj fd vkius gesa ofrZdk uUnk ds cgkus ,d ubZ rjg dh i=kdkfjrk ls voxr djok;kA eSa vkSj esjs lkFkh blds fy, vkidks lk/kqokn nsuk pkgrs gSaA esjk lq>ko gS fd vxj laHko gks rks ,d vad tsyksa ij fudkfy,A

& âf"kds'k 'kekZ] bZ&esy&

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

hanumansharma1973@gmail.com

04 8

nhun;ky th ij lkFkZd foe'kZ

le;xr nzksg dky esa jpukRed l`tu nq:g gksrk tk jgk gSA fopkj ij cktkj dk opZLo c<+rk gh tk jgk gSA ,sls le; esa tcfd lkfgfR;d vkSj oSpkfjd i=k if=kdkvksa ds can gksus dk nq%[kn flyflyk py jgk gks] fcuk 'kkldh; vkfFkZd lg;ksx ds êhfM;k foe'kZ* ds 8 o"kZ iw.kZ gksus ij lHkh lkfFk;ksa dks gkfnZd vkHkkjA lat; vius uke ds vuq:i cpiu ls gh viuh jpukRedrk latks;s gq;s gSa vkSj bldh Nki êhfM;k foe'kZ* ds fofo/k vadksa esa eq[kfjr gksrh gSA ianhun;ky mik/;k; ij dsfUnzr okf"kZdkad esa dnkfpr Lej.k ugha vkrk fd fdlh if=kdk us muds i=kdkjh; ljksdkjksa ij bruk laxzg miyC/k djk;k gksA laikndh; esa gh lat; f}osnh us tula?k ls Hkktik vkSj mlesa ianhun;ky mik/;k; ds ;ksxnku dks djhus ls js[kkafdr dj ikBdkas esa #fp txk nh gSA ;g dVq lR; gS fd fopkj dHkh ugha ejrs] os le; ds lkFk fodflr gksdj Qyrs&Qwyrs gSaA ianhun;ky mik/;k; ds thou ds fofo/k :i gSa vkSj mudk i=kdkjh; i{k ,d funsZ'kd ds :i esa vf/kd jgk gS ftldk izHkko Jh vVy fcgkjh cktis;h esa fn[krk gSA mudh i=kdkfjrk ykHk vftZr djus dh ugha oju dkaVksa ds chp l`tu dh gSA êhfM;k foe'kZ* dk ;g okf"kZdkad laxzg.kh; cu x;k gSA ianhun;ky mik/;k; ds tu lapkjd ds :i esa iM+rky dh dM+h esa MkW- JhdkUr flag] fxjh'k mik/;k;] Mk- egs'k pUnz 'kekZ] nsosUnz Lo:i lfgr vusd fopkjdksa us iafMr th ds leiZ.k] la?k"kZ dks c[kwch js[kkafdr fd;k gSA fuf'pr :i ls ehfM;k foe'kZ dk ;g vad mu yksxksa ds fy;s lq[kn gS tks tu lapkjd ds :i esa ianhun;ky mik/;k; dks tkuuk] le>uk pkgrs gSaA lp gS fdlh fojkV O;fäRo dk ewY;kadu mldh vuqifLFkfr esa laHko gSA ;g Hkjkslk etcwr gqvk gS fd ek/;e txr ij dsfUnzr êhfM;k foe'kZ* ,sls l`tukRed igy dh dfM+;ka tksM+rk jgsxkA eaxydkeuk;saA

& iznhi panz ik.Ms;] laiknd% nSfud Hkkjrh; cLrh] cLrh ¼m-iz-½] eks- 9336715406

foxr dbZ o"kkZsa ls vkidh if=kdk dk fu;fer ikBd gwaA if=kdk viuh 'kq#vkr ls gh vad nj vad vius rsoj vkSj dysoj dk fodkl djrh gqbZ dc vkB o"kZ dh ;k=kk iwjh dj yh ;g ,d fopkj.kh; iz'u gS D;ksafd fdlh Hkh if=kdk ds brus jax dHkh lwpuk dk vf/kdkj] rks dHkh gqbZ i=kdkfjrk] dHkh fQYe fo'ks"kkad] dHkh fganh dh nqnZ'kk ij dsfUnzr fo'ks"kkad ;g crkrk gS fd if=kdk dk laiknd eaMy ifjokj fdruh ltxrk ds lkFk&lkFk brus fofo/krk dks lesVs gq, gSA if=kdk dh ;gh fofo/krk bl if=kdk dks vius ledkyhu if=kdkvksa ls vyx [kM+k djrh gS vc ^xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk* esa D;k vk;ksxk bldh mRlqdrk vkSj bartkj gSA

& xksj[k ;kno] dk;Zdkfj.kh lnL;] nf/kfp lsok laLFkku] cLrh ¼m-iz-½

ehfM;k foe'kZ ds LokfeRo o vU; fooj.k dk C;kSjk QkeZ ua- 4 ¼:y ua- 8½

fofo/krk ls ;qDr lkexzh

iBuh;&laxzg.kh; vad iBuh;] laxzg.kh; gSA esjk [kqn dk Kkuo/kZu gqvkA muds dbZ egRoiw.kZ nLrkost rqeus bdëk ,d txg lqyHk djok fn,A c/kkbZ ds ik=k gks okdbZA

& jes'kpanz 'kkg] fujkyk uxj] Hkksiky

1- izdk'ku dk LFkku

% ,e-vkbZth 37] gkmflax cksMZ dkyksuh] dpuk] jk;iqj ¼N-x-½ 2- izdk'ku dh vof/k % =kSekfld 3- eqnzd dk uke % Hkwfedk f}osnh D;k Hkkjrh; ukxfjd gS\ % gk¡ 4- izdk'kd dk uke % Hkwfedk f}osnh D;k Hkkjrh; ukxfjd gS\ % gk¡ 5- laiknd dk uke % MkW- Jhdkar flag D;k Hkkjrh; ukxfjd gS\ % gk¡ irk % ,evkbZth 37] gkmflax cksMZ dkyksuh] dpuk] jk;iqj ¼N-x-½ 6- mu O;fDr;ksa ds uke o irs tks if=kdk ds Lokeh gksa rFkk tks leLr iwath ds ,d izfr'kr ls vf/kd ds lk>snkj ;k fgLlsnkj gksaA % Hkwfedk f}osnh eSa Hkwfedk f}osnh ?kksf"kr djrh gw¡fd esjh vf/kdre tkudkjh ,oa fo'okl ds vuqlkj Åij fn, x, fooj.k lR; gSaA gLrk{kj ¼Hkwfedk f}osnh½ izdk'kd

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

05 8

foLe`r gks jgs egkiq#"k dh ;kn

dHkh&dHkh ;g dgk tkrk gS fd Hkkjrh; tula?k ds ikl fgUnw jk"Vªokn mldh igpku ds :Ik esa FkkA ij Hkkjrh; turk ikVhZ ds ikl ,slk D;k gS tks mldh igpku ds :Ik esa izLrqr fd;k tk ldsA ,sls oDr esa ianhun;ky mik/;k; dk ,dkRe ekuookn gh mldh igpku dk dke djrk gSA tks yksx vc ipkl ls vf/kd o"kZ ds gSa os rks nhun;ky mik/;k; ds ckjs esa dqN ;k dqN vf/kd tkurs gksaxs ij vf/kdrj ;qokvksa ds fy, ;g ,d jktuhfrd uke Hkj gSA dHkh izlax vkus ij os ,dkRe ekuookn ds ckjs esa Hkh crk ldrs gSa ij muds bl fodkl n'kZu ds lexz n`f"ViFk dks ns[k&le> ikuk lkekU;r% gks ugha ikrkA tcfd lp rks ;g gS fd egkRek xka/kh ds ckn Hkkjr ds lexz fodkl dks Hkkjrh; vo/kkj.kkvksa ds lkFk lfeJ djus dk vk/kkji=k gS& ,dkRe ekuooknA Mk jkeeuksgj yksfg;k Hkh blh ijEijk ds jgs gSaA ij mudk lektokn ;wjksi ls gksdj Hkkjr rd igqapk gSA xka/kh dks rks os cgqr ckn esa] ,d vFkZ esa vafre le; esa gh le>s vkSj Lohdkj fd;kA ,sls jktra=kh; fpardksa dks dsoy muds O;k[;kuksa ;k ys[kksa ls iwjk ugha le>k tk ldrk gSA mudk lexz bfro`Ùk tkuuk t:jh gksrk gSA ehfM;k foe'kZ dk okf"kZdkad& Hkkjrh;rk dk lapkjd ianhun;ky mik/;k; dks bl vFkZ esa le>us ds fy, cgqr egRoiw.kZ gSA ianhun;ky mik/;k; dh tUe'krh flracj] 2015 ls izkjaHk gksxhA ml le; muds O;fDrRo vkSj d`frRo ij dqN vf/kd izdk'k Mkyk tk;sxkA vc os yksx rks gSa ugha ftUgksaus nhun;ky th dks laxBu djrs] pquko yM+krs ;k jk"Vªfparu djrs ns[kk] lquk vkSj le>k gSA mudk vk/kkji=k vkSj muds O;k[;ku rks gSa ij ogh mudk lexz O;fDrRo ugha gSA ek/kojko lnkf'kojko xksyoydj xq#th] ukukth ns'keq[k] Mk lEiw.kkZuan ds fopkjksa ls muds O;fDrRo ds xq.k lkdkj gksrs gSaA ukukth ns'keq[k dk og vuqHko ftlesa nhun;kyth ,d iSlk ykSVkus ds fy, lCth okyh ds ikl x;s] mudh ekuoh; laosnuk dks Li"V djrk gSA rHkh rks ;g le> vkrk gS fd ,dkRe ekuookn ds n'kZu dk vk/kkj gh mudh varHkwZr ekuoh;rk gSA xq#th rFkk vU; yksxksa us muds vtkr'k=kq gksus ;k mudks dHkh ve;kZfnr O;ogkj ;k cksy u djus ds ckjs esa crk;k gSA mlls gh rks yxrk gS fd dSls os ijLij fojks/kh fopkj/kkjkvksa ds fnXxtksa dks lafon dh est ij cSBkus esa dke;kc jgsA yxHkx 32&33 fo}kuksa us mu ij tks fopkj O;Dr fd;s gSa muls gh os iwjh rjg le> esa vkrs gSaA ,d ek;us esa ^ehfM;k foe'kZ* dk ;g vad nhun;ky lexz gS vkSj mudh tUe'krh ds fy, Hkh laHko gS vk/kkj lanHkZ dh t:jr dks iwjk djrk gqvk gSA ^ehfM;k foe'kZ* ds dk;Zdkjh lEiknd Jh lat; f}osnh us lpeqp gh ;g vad bl rjg ls la;ksftr fd;k gS fd og foLe`r gks jgs ,d egkiq#"k dks lexz :Ik ls le>us ds fy, lEiw.kZ t:jh lanHkZ izLrqr fd;s gSaA blesa nhun;ky mik/;k; th ds os vk/kkj O;k[;ku Hkh gSa tks ,dkRe ekuookn dks O;k[;kf;r djus ds fy, mUgksaus fn;s FksA bu nLrkostksa esa xq#th] ukukth vkSj Mk- lEiw.kkZuan ds fopkj Hkh gSa tks ianhun;ky mik/;k; dh fo'ks"krkvksa rFkk xq.kksa dks mn~?kkfVr djrs gSaA bl ek;us esa ;g ,d laxzg.kh; vad gSA

& izks- dey nhf{kr] laiknd% ewY;kuqxr ehfM;k] bankSj ¼e-iz-½

u;k rsoj& u;k dysoj

êhfM;k foe'kZ* =kSekfld if=kdk us ikBdksa dk Kkuo/kZu djrs gq, vkB o"kZ dh ;k=kk iw.kZ dh gS] blds fy;s lEiknd eaMy rFkk mlls izR;{k vFkok ijks{k :i ls tqM+s gq, yksxksa dks dksfV&dksfV c/kkbZ] D;ksafd bu yksxksa ds vFkd iz;kl ls gh ;d if=kdk bruh mRd`"V ,oa yksdfiz; cu ldhA îa- nhun;ky mik/;k;* ij vk/kkfjr bl vad dks ikdj eu izlUu gks x;kA cgqr fnuksa ckn îkaptU;*] ^jk"Vª/keZ*] ^dey lans'k* tSls uke i<+us dks feykA vc rd 25 fnlacj dh rkjh[k dsoy ^fØlel Ms* ds uke ls gh tkuk tkrk Fkk( fdUrq vc rks 25 fnlacj ds ekus gh cny x;kA blds fy;s lat; th dks cgqr&cgqr /kU;oknA êhfM;k foe'kZ* izR;sd vad esa vius u;s rsoj vkSj u;s dysoj ds lkFk fofHkUu Nq,&vuNq, fo"k;ksa dks ysdj viuh ;k=kk dks Lof.kZe 100 o"kZ iwjh djs blh 'kqHkdkeuk ds lkFkA

& MkW- 'kf'kdyk JhokLro] iz/kkukpk;Z] Jh ';ke cgknqj vk;Z dU;k baVj dkyst] cLrh ¼m-iz-½

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

tkjh jgs ;g flyflyk

vkt nksigj ds ckn dk iwjk fnu ^ehfM;k foe'kZ* ds uke FkkA igyh ckj iwjh if=kdk ,d fnu esa i<+hA nhun;ky th ds ckjs esa flQZ ogh tkudkjh vius ikl Fkh tks ;k rks fofdihfM;k crkrk Fkk] ;k dHkh&dHkh yksxksa ls lquh gq;h ckrksa ij ysfdu if=kdk esa bruk lc dqN i<+dj vPNk yxkA mEehn gS ;s Øe vkxs Hkh tkjh jgsxkA

& jkgqy lkaLd`R;k;u] Nk=] Hkkjrh; tulapkj laLFkku] fnYyh

06 8

egRoiw.kZ vad

egkeuh"kh iafMr nhun;ky mik/;k; ij dsfUnzr ^ehfM;k foe'kZ* dk okf"kZdkad nks fnu igys gkFk vk;kA fe=kksa ls dkQh ppkZ lquus ls blds fo"k; oLrq dks tkuus le>us dh izcy bPNk FkhA if=kdk ds drkZ/krkZ& dk;Zdkjh laiknd vkSj [kqn dks esjk NksVk HkkbZ dgus okys lat; f}osnh ij vPNs dyedkj] mlls dgha T;knk laxBu vkSj laxzgdrkZ ds :i esa cpiu ls esjk Hkjkslk jgk gSA cpiu esa cky fe=k lHkk dk xBu vkSj cky lqeu if=kdk ds laiknd ds :i esa lat; dh ;k=kk fd'kksj] ;qok vkSj izkS<+ ls vkxs gks pyh gSA cpiu ls vc rd tks muls tqM+k] mudk gksdj jgkA ¼bl ckjs esa 'kk;n dksbZ viokn gks rks eSa ugha tkurk½ mlls dke Hkh fy;k vkSj mls irk Hkh ugha pykA og ,d nkSj Fkk tc lat; vkSj ge 24 esa djhc 12 ?kaVs lkFk gksrs FksA vc lat; Hkksiky fLFkr ek[kuyky prqoZsnh jk"Vªh; i=kdkfjrk ,oa lapkj fo'ofo|ky; esa izksQslj gSa vkSj eaS osruHkksxh i=kdkjA lat; ds ckjs esa bruh Hkwfedk ds ihNs esjk vk'k; ;g gS fd vkt ds nkSj esa if=kdk fudkyuk mruk dfBu ugha ftruk ew/kZU; fo}kuksa ls fo"k; dsfUnzr lkexzh fy[kok ysukA bl xqj esa lat; cpiu ls gh ekfgj jgs tks ifjiDo gks pys gSaA le fopkjksa ls foijhr yksxksa ls Hkh mudh csgrj lksp dks ykdj yksxksa ds lkeus ijksl nsukA ;g mudk dyk dkS'ky gSA iafMr nhun;ky mik/;k; ij dsfUnzr ^ehfM;k foe'kZ* ds gkFk esa vk, bl vad esa lkjs rks ugha dqN ew/kZU; fo}kuksa ds tks fopkj eSaus i<+s mlls eSaus ;gh eglwl fd;kA bl vad esa ftu fo}kuksa ds fopkj vk, gaSA ,d ls c<+dj ,d] vPNs yxsA gk¡ ;gka ;g t:j dguk pkgw¡xk fd vkidh oSpkfjd o jktuhfrd izfrc)rk dqN Hkh gks ldrh gS ! ij] ;fn ;g if=kdk vkidks fey lds rks t:j i<+saA dSfj;j vkSj dkS'ky nksuksa n`f"V ls mi;ksxh gSA Hkys vki nhun;ky mik/;k; ds i{k esa gksa ;k izfri{k esa gksaA

& fnus'k nqcs i=dkj% nSfud fganqLrku] lqYrkuiqj

eu&efLr"d dks dj fn;k >ad`r

ehfM;k foe'kZ esa izdkf'kr ys[kksa dks i<+dj eu izlUu gks x;kA if=kdk esa fojkV Hkkjr dh ,sfrgkfld] /kkfeZd] lkaLd`frd ,oa uSfrd fparu ijEijk ds ekSfyd fo'ys"k.k us eu ,oa efLr"d dks >ad`r dj fn;kA oSf'od ekuo lEca/kksa dks tksM+us ,oa ck/kkvksa dks rksM+us ds fy, egkekuo ianhun;ky mik/;k; ds cgqvk;keh fopkjksa dk fo'ys"k.k cgqr ckjhdh ls fo}kuksa us fd;k gSA

& vo/k ukjk;.k pkS/kjh] fuorZeku ofj"B izk/;kid] ,ih,u ihth dkWyst] cLrh

iBuh; lkexzh ,oa fo'ks"kkad gSa igpku

ehfM;k foe'kZ vius vusd egRoiw.kZ fo'ks"kkadksa ds ckn igyh ckj nf{k.kiaFkh fopkj/kkjk ds ,d fof'k"V iqjks/kk dks dsUnz esa ysdj vk;k gSA vkt lÙkk ds 'kh"kZ rd tk igqaph bl fopkj/kkjk ds ,d O;fä dks lexzrk esa izLrqr dj laiknd Jh lat; f}osnh us i=kdkfjrk txr ,oa izcq)tuksa dk fgr lk/ku fd;k gSA vius okf"kZdkad esa ehfM;k foe'kZ us Hkkjrh;rk ds lapkjd ianhun;ky mik/;k; dks foy{k.k :i esa izLrqr dj vius dks izekf.kr gh fd;k gSA

& izks- eatq f=ikBh] fgUnh foHkkx] nhun;ky mik/;k; xksj[kiqj fo'ofo|ky;] xksj[kiqj ¼mÙkjizns'k½

ehfM;k izksQs'kuyksa ds vkRefparu vkSj vkReeaFku dk izdYi

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

07 8

'kks/k xzaFk dh rjg yxk ehfM;k foe'kZ

fiNys fnuksa ehfM;k foe'kZ dk ianhun;ky mik/;k; Le`fr vad i<+rs gq, yxkrkj yxrk jgk fd eSa fdlh if=kdk dk fo'ks"kkad ugha] cfYd mu ij izdkf'kr 'kks/k xzaFk i<+ jgk gwaA esjs tSls cgqrksa dks bl ckr dk bYe gh ugha Fkk fd ianhun;ky th ds cgqvk;keh O;fäRo dk i=kdkjh; i{k fdlh Hkh cM+s dgs tkus okys i=kdkj ls dgha vf/kd cM+k gSA ;g Bhd gS fd os fdlh jktuhfrd ny ls tqM+s vkSj mudh igpku mlh :i esa ge lcds lkeus gS] ysfdu ftl rjg dk thou thrs gq, mUgksaus Hkkjrh; lekt esa dE;qfuds'ku ds fy, u,&u, vk;ke x<+s vkSj mUgsa c[kwch fuHkk;k Hkh] og vn~Hkqr gSA tkfgj gS fd ,sls O;fäRo dk xgu v/;;u Hkh i=kdkfjrk dks cukus vkSj ekatus ds fy, t:jh gks tkrk gSA ^ehfM;k foe'kZ* dks lk/kqokn fd mlus bl nkf;Ro dks cM+s gh eu ls fuHkk;k gSA ,d ckr vkSj fd ehfM;k esa tc fodkjksa dk nkSj py jgk gks rks ,sls egkiq#"kksa ds d`frRo vkSj O;fäRo dks lkeus ykdj viuh ;kuh i=kdkfjrk dh Le`fr ijaijkvksa ls yksxksa dks tksM+uk cgqr t:jh gks tkrk gSA laiknd eaMy dks c/kkbZ o 'kqHkdkeuk,aA

& /kuat; pksiM+k] ikB~îØe leUo;d] lsUVj vkWQ ehfM;k LVMht] bykgkckn fo'ofo|ky;] bZ&esy& c.dhananjai@gmail.com

8 rqf"Vdj.k ls {kqC/k gwa

^ehfM;k foe'kZ* dk okf"kZdkad izkIr gqvkA eSa fganh i=kdkfjrk ds ghjks ds nksuksa vad laxzfgr djds j[kwaxkA iwoZ ds dbZ vadksa dks esjs }kjk mfpr LFkkuksa ij KkuktZu gsrq j[kk x;k gSA eSa ,d nfyr ifjokj ls gwa fQj Hkh dqN yksxksa dh rqf"Vdj.k uhfr ls {kqC/k gwaA dqN rks ek=k LokFkZo'k la?k ,oa fgnw laxBuksa ls fojks/k trkrs gSaA ijarq lPpkbZ viuh txg fLFkj gSA ehfM;k foe'kZ ds vadksa dks ns[k&i<+dj dqN yksx ;aw gh bZ";kZo'k i{kikr dk vkjksi e<+ nsrs gSaA ijUrq ,slh ckr ugha gSA Hkkjr fo'o xq# cuus ds iFk ij vxzlj gSA bls dksbZ jksd ugha ldrkA igys dqN LokFkhZ jktusrkvksa ds paxqy esa ns'k =kkfg&=kkfg dj jgk Fkk] vc yksx le> pqds gSa vkSj f'kf{kr gksus ds ukrs viuk Hkyk&cqjk djus okyksa dh ij[k Hkh djrs gSaA tkfr&/keZ ds uke ij cjxykus okys vc eqagdh [kk jgs gSaA

vkidh if=kdk ^ehfM;k foe'kZ* dk eSa fu;fer ikBd gwaA if=kdk esa izdkf'kr iBuh; lkexzh ls fofHkUu izdkj tkudkjh izkIr gksrh gSA b/kj ^cnyko ds ckbZl cjl* dk nks vad cM+k egRoiw.kZ FkkA bl vad ds }kjk iwjs ns'k esa gq, cnykoksa dh iwjh tkudkjh if=kdk ds ek/;e ls izkIr gqbZA clar dqekj frokjh th] jktsUnz ;kno th ds nsgkUr ij csgn nq[k gqvk] fo'ks"kdj clar th dsA og bl if=kdk ls fujarj tqM+s jgs vkSj vkf[kjh oDr rd if=kdk dk oSpkfjd lg;ksx djrs jgsA if=kdk blh izdkj mUufr djrh jgsA if=kdk ifjokj dh cgqr&cgqr c/kkbZA

& v#.k ik.Ms;] izoDrk vaxzsth] usg: baVj dkyst] [kyhykckn] lar dchj uxjA

& fd'kksj pkS/kjh ¼i=dkj½ lapkyd pkS/kjh cqd LVkWy] xzke@iks- blykeiqj] ftyk ukyank ¼fcgkj½] fiu& 801303] eks- 9934081566

n`f"V vkSj lkQ gksxh

fopkjijd if=kdk ^ehfM;k foe'kZ* dk uohu fo'ks"kkad gkFk yxrs gh ân; xn~xn~ gks x;kA [kkldj bldh lajpuk ns[kdj vHkh rd if=kdk ds ftrus Hkh fo'ks"kkad vk;s] viuh vyx&vyx fn'kk vkSj fofo/krk dks fy, gq, Fks ij bl vad esa tgka nhun;ky th dks u;s rjhds ls tkuus vkSj i<+us dks feyk] esjk ekuuk gS fd vHkh rd vke ikBd dh n`f"V esa nhun;ky th dks ,d fopkj/kkjk dh ifjf/k ls gh ns[kk x;k Fkk ij bl fo'ks"kkad ds vkus ds u, lekt ds izR;sd O;fDr dh fopkj/kkjk dk nk;jk Hkh c<+sxk vkSj nhun;ky th ds izfr n`f"V vkSj lkQ gksxhA

& vthr 'kqDyk] lg&la;kstd] lekt dY;k.k izdks"B] Hkktik] ftyk cLrh] ¼m-iz-½

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

egRoiw.kZ vad

fganh i=kdkfjrk esa cstksM+ if=kdk

^Hkkjrh;rk dk lapkjd% ianhun;ky mik/;k; Le`fr fo'ks"kkad* i<+dj xgjh larqf"V feyhA ehfM;k foe'kZ ds bl vad ds ek/;e ls ,dkRe ekuookn dh vo/kkj.kk dks vf/kd xgjkbZ ls tkuus vkSj le>us dk volj feykA fu%lansg egRoiw.kZ fo'ks"kkad izdkf'kr dj if=kdk u;s dhfrZeku LFkkfir dj jgh gSA if=kdk dh Hkk"kk 'kSyh izHkkoksRiknd gSA if=kdk dh ikB~î lkexzh ikBdksa ds eu&efLr"d esa vfeV Nki NksM+rh gSA fgUnh i=kdkfjrk ds {ks=k esa ;g if=kdk cstksM+ gSA

& loZs'k dqekj ik.Ms;] fo|kFkhZ] nhun;ky mik/;k; xksj[kiqj fo'ofo|ky;] xksj[kiqj ¼m-iz-½

08 8

iFk izn'kZd dh Hkwfedk fuHkk;s ^ehfM;k foe'kZ*

,dkRe ekuon'kZu ds iz.ksrk Hkkjrh;rk ds lapkjd ianhun;ky mik/;k; ij vk/kkfjr ehfM;k foe'kZ ds vad i<+dj nhun;ky th ds fo"k; esa cgqr tkudkjh feyhA vad ds var esa foosdkuUn ds Kku;ksx] deZ;ksx] jkt;ksx vkSj Hkfä;ksx dks i<+dj Hkkjrh; oSfnd vkSj ckS) nksuksa izeq[k laLd`fr;ksa ds ckjs esa tkuus dk volj Hkh feykA ge vis{kk djrs gSa fd ^ehfM;k foe'kZ* if=kdk ,sls gh vad izdkf'kr dj ;qokvksa ds fy, jk"Vªh;rk ds iFk izn'kZd dh Hkwfedk fuHkkrh jgsxhA

& fou; dqekj feJ] fo|kFkhZ] nhun;ky mik/;k; xksj[kiqj fo'ofo|ky;] xksj[kiqj ¼m-iz-½

lanHkZ xzaFk cu x;k gS ;g vad

êhfM;k foe'kZ* dk vDVwcj ls fnlEcj dk vad okf"kZdkad rFkk ianhun;ky mik/;k; Le`fr vad nksuksa gSA lkexzh ds n`f"Vdks.k ls ;fn nksukas vad vyx&vyx gksrs rks nksuksa gh fo'kky gksrs vkSj laxzg.kh; HkhA vkt dh Hkkjrh; euh"kk jktuhfr izsfjr gSA jktuhfr dsUnz esa gS vkSj thou ds vU; gsrq ifjf/k esaA O;fä ds leLr dk;Zdykiksa dks jktuhfr ds vkbZus ls ns[kuk 'kxy ek=k ugha jg x;k gS] oju vfuok;Zrk dh Js.kh p<+dj thoujl esa lfEefyr gks x;k gSA blhfy, Lora=krk izkfIr ds ckn ftu Hkh euhf"k;ksa us lekt dks] jktuhfr dks] lkfgR; dks vius fparu ls fn'kk nsus dk iz;kl fd;k gS] fdlh ,d jktuhfrd fopkj/kkjk ;k ny ls lEc) dj dqafBr dj nsus dk gjlaHko iz;kl fd;k x;k gSA ;g muds fparu ds fy;s ugha oju ns'k ij] lekt ij iM+us okys izHkko ds fy;s cgqr gn rd ca/kudkjh fl) gqvk gS rFkk mä fparu ls tks ykHk visf{kr Fkk og ugha fey ik;k gSA ianhun;ky mik/;k; dk fparu Hkh bl [ksesckth dk f'kdkj gksus ls ugha cp ldk gSA êhfM;k foe'kZ* us bl jhfruhfr dh mis{kk dks vLohdkj dj jktuhfr ds mn~HkV fo}ku] lkekftd fpard] nk'kZfud ,oa Hkkjrh;rk ds lapkjd ianhun;ky mik/;k; dks Lej.k djrs gq, Le`fr vad izLrqr fd;k gS tks vius vki esa vU;re gS] iz'kaluh; gS] lkFk gh fopkj.kh; Hkh gSA iafMr th ds fopkj dsoy laxzg.kh; ugha gSaA êhfM;k foe'kZ* us ,d /kekdsnkj 'kq#vkr dj nh gSA bls vkSj Hkh foLrkj dh vko';drk gSA bl ij jk"Vªh; cgl gks rks ns'k vkSj lekt dk dY;k.k gksuk vo';eHkkoh gSA iqjkru dky ls gh Hkkjro"kZ esa ijEijk jgh gS fd tc Hkh dksbZ euh"kh Kku ds fdlh Hkh {ks=k esa dksbZ xaHkhj] xos"k.kkRed fopkj izfrikfnr djrk Fkk] l{ke fo"k; fo'ks"kK] vkpk;Z leqnk; ml xzaFk] fopkjlkj] n'kZu dh tu lkekU; ds le> esa vkus yk;d Vhdk] O;k[;k vkfn fd;k djrs FksA mlh ijEijk dk fuokZg djrs gq;s êhfM;k foe'kZ* us bl vad esa ianhun;ky mik/;k; }kjk izfrikfnr ,dkRe ekuookn dks O;k[;kf;r djus] lkekU; ikBd dh le> ds yk;d lqxe cukus rFkk fo"k; dks vkSj vf/kd Li"V djus ds fy;s ns'k Hkj ds fo[;kr euhf"k;ksa] fo"k; fo'ks"kKksa] uhfrKksa] i=kdkjksa] jktuhfrKksa ,oa /kekZpk;ksaZ dks rks lqvolj miyO/k djk;k gh djk;k gS vfirq ikBd dks Hkh fo"k; dh xaHkhjrk dks le>us ds fy;s Hkjiwj lkexzh Hkh iznku dh gSA êhfM;k foe'kZ* ds dk;Zdkjh laiknd lat; f}osnh dk laikndh; fdlh egku fopkj ;k n'kZu dks ikBd dks Bhd&Bhd vkd"kZd <ax ls ijkslus dh rS;kjh ds lkFk gh gSA mUgksaus viuh lEiknu dyk ls fo"k; dks nq:g gksus ls cpk fy;k gSA ikBd ds ekul iVy ij n'kZu tSls xaHkhj fo"k; ds v/;;u dh xq#rk viuk LFkku ugha cuk ikrh oju fo"k; cks/k dk ,slk Lo:i izdV gksrk gS fd ikBd larq"V gks tkrk gS rFkk ,dkRe ekuookn ij ppkZ ds fy;s ;r~ fdfUpr gh lgh l{ke gks tkrk gSA eSa êhfM;k foe'kZ* ds bl vad dks ehy dk iRFkj ds ln`'k ikrk gw¡A esjk ekuuk gS fd Hkfo"; esa tc Hkh ,dkRe ekuookn ij ppkZ gksxh] xos"k.kkRed dk;Z lEiUu gksaxs ;k tehu ij LFkkiuk ds fy;s vkSj vf/kd iz;kl gksaxs ,d lanHkZ xzaFk] ekxZnf'kZdk ds :i esa êhfM;k foe'kZ* dk ;g vad mudks vR;f/kd lgk;d gksxkA

& lqjs'k dqekj iaMk] jk;iqj ¼NÙkhlx<+½

ehfM;k foe'kZ us lkQ fd, /kqa/kyds

ehfM;k foe'kZ dk ianhun;ky mik/;k; Le`fr fo'ks"kkad i<+kA dqN /kqa/k NaVus yxhA Hkkjrh; tula?k dk izkjaHk ns[kk gSA fo|kFkhZ thou esa ml nkSj ls Hkh xqtjk Fkk] tc vius vkidks fgUnw dgus esa dqN ladksp gksrk FkkA iafMr nhun;ky mik/;k; ds izfr ,d nqjkxzgiw.kZ ,di{kh; n`f"Vdks.k fodflr gqvk FkkA bl leLr /kqa/kyds dks ehfM;k foe'kZ us lkQ dj fn;k gSA ;g vad vYila[;dksa dks Hkh ,d LoLFk fparu iznku djsxkA

& f'ko'kadj feJk] cLrh ¼mÙkjizns'k½

ehfM;k foe'kZ ds bl vad ij viuh izfrfØ;k,a bZ&esy] ,l,e,l ;k Mkd ls Hkst ldrs gSaA vkidh izfrfØ;k] lq>ko] fVIif.k;ksa vkSj vkykspuk dk Lokxr gSA bZ&esy& mediavimarsh@gmail.com eksckby@,l,e,l djsa% 09893598888] Mkd Hksats& laiknd] 428] jksfgr uxj] Qst&1] bZ&8 ,DlVsa'ku] Hkksiky& 39

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

lk{kkRdkj% 'kf'kdkar olkuh

vkt Hkh gS vPNs vkfFkZd i=kdkjksa dk bartkj ns'k ds igys vkfFkZd lekpkj i=k Ô;kikj* ds iwoZ laiknd 'kf'kdkar olkuh ls êhfM;k foe'kZ* us Hkkjr esa vkfFkZd v[kckj ds tUe vkSj mldh lQyrk ,oa cnys tekus dh vkfFkZd i=kdkfjrk ij ckr dhA is'k gS ckrphr ds eq[; va'k% vki igyh ih<+h ds vkfFkZd i=kdkj gSa] dSlk yxrk gS ;g eglwl djrs gq,\ Hkkjr esa vkfFkZd i=kdkfjrk ds tud gjth HkkbZ fxykuh gSaA o"kZ 1959 esa fxykuh HkkbZ dks eu esa ;g fopkj vk;k fd vkfFkZd xfrfof/k;ksa dh tkudkjh yksxksa rd igqapkuh pkfg,] ftlls yksxksa dks dkjksckjh QSlyksa ls ysdj vkfFkZd ekspsZ ij gks jgh gypy dh tkudkjh fey ldsA yksx vkfFkZd eaFku ds fy, ,d csgrj lzksr ik ldsaA Lora=krk ds ckn Ô;kikj* igyk vkfFkZd v[kckj gSA bl v[kckj ds ckn gh ns'k esa vaxzsth] fganh ,oa vU; Hkk"kkvksa esa vkfFkZd lekpkjksa ds v[kckj vk,A gkykafd] ml le; vkfFkZd fodkl de Fkk vkSj lekpkjksa dk izokg ugha FkkA [kcjsa de fey ikrh Fkha] lekpkj tqVkuk Hkh dkQh dfBu FkkA gkykafd] Ô;kikj* 'kq#vkr esa tUeHkwfe lewg ds v[kckj îzoklh* ds lIyhesaV ds :i esa fudykA tc bldh ekax c<+h rks bls Lora=k v[kckj ds :i esa lkIrkfgd 'kq: fd;k x;k tks ckn esa lIrkg esa nks ckj cq/kokj ,oa 'kfuokj dks fudyus yxk ,oa vc rd blh :i esa izdkf'kr gks jgk gSA Ô;kikj* esa vkidh ikjh dSlh jgh\ eSa Ô;kikj* ls 1964 esa tqM+k vkSj bl v[kckj esa rdjhcu 35 lky jgkA 'kq#vkr esjh mi&laiknd ds :i esa gqbZA o"kZ 1972 esa eSa lgk;d laiknd cuk vkSj 1976 esa fxykuh HkkbZ lsokfuo`Ùk gq, rks Ô;kikj* dk laiknd cuus dk xkSjo eq>s feykA gkykafd] ml le; esjs eu esa ,d Mj Fkk fd ns'k ds igys vkfFkZd v[kckj dks pykus ds fy, cM+h fgEer dh t:jr gksxhA ,sls esa fxykuh HkkbZ us eq>s Hkjkslk fnyk;k fd vki bl ftEesnkjh dks c[kwch fuHkk ysaxs vkSj esjk ekxZn'kZu tc pkgks rc ys ldrs gksA mUgksaus ;gka rd dgk

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

fd ;fn eSa fgEer gkj x;k rks ftl in ij vkidks gksuk pkfg,] ogka ckgj ls dksbZ vkSj vk,xk ,oa ftanxh Hkj ;g ekSdk 'kk;n fQj uk fey ik,A fxykuh HkkbZ dh dgh ckrksa us eq>esa fgEer iSnk dh ,oa ubZ ftEesnkjh dks yacs le; rd c[kwch fuHkk;kA ns'k ds igys vkfFkZd v[kckj dh daVsaV {ks=k esa D;k [kkfl;r jgh\ T;knkrj xqtjkrh dkjksckjh leqnk; ds gSa vkSj mudh t:jr dks ns[krs gq, ^O;kikj* esa eSaus fjiksfVaZx dks c<+kok fn;kA ^O;kikj* dks eSaus deksfMVh dsafnzr v[kckj j[kk D;ksafd vf/kdrj xqtjkrh deksfMVh esa VªsM djrs gSaA vukt] nygu] frygu] elkyk cktkj] diM+k cktkj] esVy cktkj] lksuk&pkanh] ghjk cktkj ls ysdj i'kq vkgkj vkSj flykbZ ds dke vkus okyh oLrqvksa rd dh

10 ns'k esa tc vaxzsth ds vkfFkZd v[kckj fudys rks Ô;kikj* ls dbZ vPNs i=kdkj buesa pys x, vkSj ;g Hkh [kq'kh dh ckr gS fd vkt os cM+s inksa ij gSaA xqtjkrh nSfud ^xqtjkr lekpkj* vkSj ^lans'k* us vrhr esa Ô;kikj* dh rjg vius v[kckj 'kq: fd, ysfdu os py ugha ik, vkSj rhu&pkj eghus fudydj can gks x,A ;s v[kckj vkfFkZd [kcjksa ds ikBdksa ds chp viuh iSB ugha cuk ik,A fjiksVZ dsoy Ô;kikj* esa izdkf'kr gksrh FkhA ;kuh gjsd rjg ds dkjksckj djus okys dkjksckjh ds fy, Ô;kikj* esa dqN uk dqN gksrk gh Fkk] ftldh otg ls ikBd bldk cslczh ls bartkj djrs FksA ekSle foHkkx dh lHkh tkudkjh vkt vklkuh ls ikbZ tk ldrh gS ysfdu ml le; Ô;kikj* gj lky ckfj'k vkSj cksvkbZ dh fjiksVZ dkjksckfj;ksa vkSj fdlkuksa ls eaxokrk Fkk ,oa izdkf'kr djrk FkkA nhokyh ij fo'ks"k vad vkrk Fkk tks gjsd dkjksckj dh lkykuk Hkfo";ok.kh djrk FkkA bl vad esa ns'k dh vFkZO;oLFkk dk nhokyh ls nhokyh rd jgus okyk gky dk C;kSjk gksrk FkkA bl vad esa vius&vius {ks=k ds fo'ks"kK fy[krs FksA gjsd O;kikj] m|ksx ij mlh {ks=k ds fo'ks"kKksa ls Ô;kikj* ds fu;fer vadksa esa fy[kok;k tkrk FkkA vk;dj] fcØhdj] lsokdj] vU; djk/kku] O;kikfjd dkuwu] uhfr;ksa ij Hkh Ô;kikj* esa tkudkjh nh tkrh FkhA Ô;kikj* us fo'ks"kK odhyksa dh ,d Vhe cuk j[kh Fkh ftuls ,sls gj fo"k; ij fy[kok;k tkrk FkkA ;gh otg gS fd tedj fd, x, dke ls Ô;kikj* ,d vge czkaM cukA gkykafd] Ô;kikj* esa ml le; 'ks;j cktkj dh fjiksfVaZx dks de LFkku fn;k tkrk Fkk D;ksafd rc bfDoVh dYpj dk vkt ftruk foLrkj ugha gqvk FkkA Ô;kikj* esa vkids fy, xoZ ds {k.k\ vkfFkZd i=kdkfjrk esa Ô;kikj* dh /kkd blls vkadh tk ldrh gS fd Ô;kikj* esa mBs eqíksa ij dbZ ckj ns'k dh laln esa ppkZ gqbZ] loky mBk, x,A vke ctV ds dojst ds fy, ml le; Ô;kikj* dk ,d fjiksVZj fnYyh tkrk Fkk vkSj iwjs ctV ,oa mlds fo'ys"k.k dks doj fd;k tkrk FkkA ns'k dh vk;kr&fu;kZr uhfr gks ;k VsDlVkby ikWfylh lHkh rjg dh uhfr;ksa dk Hkh blh rjg ykbo dojst gksrk FkkA eq>s xoZ gksrk gS fd tc eueksgu flag foÙk ea=kh Fks vkSj eSa muls feyk rks mUgksaus dgk fd eSa O;kikj dks yacs vlsZ ls Hkyh&Hkkafr tkurk gwaA fnYyh ds jktuhfrd xfy;kjs esa Ô;kikj* dh

[kkl vgfe;r FkhA blh rjg] o"kZ 2003 esa ,elh,Dl dh ykafpax lHkk esa m|ksxifr eqds'k vackuh us dgk Fkk fd ;gka 'kf'kdkar olkuh th Hkh vk, gq, gSa vkSj esjs firk /kh#HkkbZ vackuh muls vkfFkZd elyksa vkSj [kcjksa ds fo'ys"k.k ij fopkj&foe'kZ djrs FksA vkfFkZd i=kdkfjrk esa fdl ckr dh lcls cM+h deh gS\ ekuo lalk/ku dh deh vkSj fctusl ds ckjs esa vPNh tkudkjh u j[kus okys i=kdkjksa dh ml le; Hkh deh Fkh vkSj vkt Hkh deh gSA ns'k esa tc vaxzsth ds vkfFkZd v[kckj fudys rks ^O;kikj* ls dbZ vPNs i=kdkj buesa pys x, vkSj ;g Hkh [kq'kh dh ckr gS fd vkt os cM+s inksa ij gSaA eq[; xqtjkrh nSfud ^xqtjkr lekpkj* vkSj ^lans'k* us vrhr esa ^O;kikj* dh rjg vius v[kckj 'kq: fd, ysfdu os py ugha ik, vkSj rhu&pkj eghus fudydj can gks x,A ;s v[kckj vkfFkZd [kcjksa ds ikBdksa ds chp viuh iSB vkSj igqap ugha cuk ik,A gkykafd] lHkh xqtjkrh lekpkji=kksa esa gj jkst nks ls pkj ist vkfFkZd [kcjksa ls Hkjs gksrs gSaA xqtjkrh leqnk; fuos'k vkSj dkjksckj ls okLrk j[krk gS] blfy, gh dsoy xqtjkrh lekpkji=kksa esa vkfFkZd [kcjksa dks [kklh vgfe;r feyrh gSA ;|fi] vPNs vkfFkZd v[kckj dh xqtjkrh esa ges'kk t:jr jgsxh ,oa csgrj v[kckj dks ikBdksa dk mEnk fjLikal feysxkA rc vkSj vc ds vkfFkZd v[kckjksa esa vki D;k varj ikrs gSa\ igys vkSj vkt ds vkfFkZd lekpkjksa esa [kkl varj vk;k gS fd igys 'kq) lekpkj gh v[kckjksa esa vkrs Fks ysfdu vc fdlh u fdlh ls izsfjr ¼buLik;MZ½ lekpkjksa dh Hkjekj gSA dkjksckjh vkSj m|ksxifr;ksa ls izsfjr lekpkj T;knk vkrs gSa tks muds fgrksa dks lk/krs gSaA igys v[kckjksa esa dsoy laiknd dk gh n[ky gksrk Fkk rks ;g lh/kk /;ku j[kk tkrk Fkk fd fdlh ds fgr rks veqd lekpkj ls ugha l/k jgsA q

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

lk{kkRdkj% fiadh nyky

[kksth i=kdkfjrk dk gS vHkko% fiadh eqacbZ lekpkj dh iwoZ laiknd fiadh nyky ls dey 'kekZ dh ckrphr xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa tc efgyk i=kdkjksa dh ckr vkrh gS rks ,d l'kDr gLrk{kj lkeus vkrk gS fiadh nykyA xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa daVsaV ds :i esa rwQku ykus okys laiknd gleq[k xka/kh ds lkFk dke dj pqdh Lo;a fiadh nyky 192 lky ls fujarj izdkf'kr v[kckj ^eqacbZ lekpkj* dh laiknd jg pqdh gSaA xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ij mUgksaus ^ehfM;k foe'kZ* ds lkFk csckd ckr dhA is'k gS [kjh&[kjh ckr ds fy, izfl) fiadh nyky ls gqbZ ckrphr% ubZ ih<+h dh lkjh f'k{kk&nh{kk vaxzsth esa gks jgh gSA ,sls esa xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk dk Hkfo"; dSlk gS vkus okys le; esaA xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk dh ckr djsa rks nks /kkjk,a curh gSaA ,d xqtjkr vkSj nwljk eqacbZA xqtjkr dh ckr djsa rks ogka xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk dks vxys 20&25 lky rks dksbZ fnDdr fn[kkbZ ugha nsrh D;ksafd ogka cPpksa dh i<+kbZ&fy[kkbZ xqtjkrh esa Hkh gks jgh gSA ogka xqtjkrh ek/;e ds Ldwy Hkh [kwc py jgs gaSA yksx ckr xqtjkrh esa djrs gSaA ogka ftl rjg cM+s ?kjkus lekpkj i=k yk jgs gSa] og lkQ ladsr gSa fd xqtjkrh Hkk"kk ds lekpkj i=kksa ds fy, ogka O;kid laHkkouk,a cuh gqbZ gSaA ysfdu ;fn eSa eqacbZ dh ckr d:a rks ;gka eq>s dkQh vPNh fLFkfr ugha fn[k jghA eqacbZ esa cPpksa dh f'k{kk&nh{kk vaxzsth esa gks jgh gSA cksypky dh Hkk"kk dsoy xqtjkrh ugha gSA ;gka tks xqtjkrh ifjokj gSa] muds ?kjksa esa cksypky dh Hkk"kk Hkys xqtjkrh gks ysfdu ogka Hkh vaxzsth&fganh nwljs :i esa tqM+h gqbZ gSA vkt eqacbZ esa 25 lky vk;q rd dh tks ih<+h gS oks xqtjkrh i<+ gh ugha ldrhA tc eqacbZ esa xqtjkrh ek/;e ds Ldwy can gks jgs Fks] ml le; xqtjkrh v[kckjksa dks lpsr gksuk Fkk] os gq, gh ughaA ,d j.kuhfr viukuh Fkh xqtjkrh ek/;e ugha gVkus dh] ogka os pqi cSBs jgsA yxrk gS rc os ?kksM+s cspdj lks jgs Fks vkSj vkt Hkh xqtjkrh v[kckj bl laca/k esa mnklhu gaSA eq>s yxrk gS fd xqtjkr esa Hkk"kkbZ lekpkj i=kksa dks vkus okys fnuksa esa dksbZ fnDdr ugha gksxh ysfdu fuf'pr :i ls eqacbZ ds fy, ;g fLFkfr ladViw.kZ gksxhA xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa fiNys nl lkyksa esa fdl rjg dk O;kid

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

ifjorZu vkidks ns[kus dks feyk\ cM+s ifjorZu esa lcls vge gS& fMftfVykbts'kuA ftlds ckjs esa igys dHkh lkspk ugha x;k ,oa xqtjkrh v[kckjksa us bl ckjs esa lkspk] ;g cM+k ifjorZu dgk tk ldrk gSA daVsV ds fglkc ls i=kdkfjrk gksrh jghA ysfdu xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa [kksth i=kdkfjrk dk vHkko gSA tcfd T;knk tksj vkfFkZd i=kdkfjrk ij

12 eqacbZ esa cPpksa dh f'k{kk&nh{kk vaxzsth esa gks jgh gSA cksypky dh Hkk"kk dsoy xqtjkrh ugha gSA ;gka tks xqtjkrh ifjokj gSa muds ?kjksa esa cksypky dh Hkk"kk Hkys xqtjkrh gks ysfdu ogka Hkh vaxzsth&fganh nwljs :i esa tqM+h gqbZ gSA vkt eqacbZ esa tks 25 lky rd vk;q dh tks ih<+h gS oks xqtjkrh i<+ gh ugha ldrhA gSA blds vykok lkekftd eqíksa ij xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa izHkko c<+k gSA vkius gleq[k xka/kh tSls rsj rjkZj laiknd ds lkFk dke fd;k gS tks [kksth i=kdkfjrk ij tksj nsrs Fks ysfdu vc bl ij dke D;ksa ugha gks jgk\ bldk tokc dkQh v#fpdj gS ysfdu eSa dguk pkgwaxh fd ehfM;k esa eSustesaV dk gLr{ksi T;knk gks x;k gSA i=kdkfjrk deksfMVh gks xbZ gSA [kksth i=kdkfjrk esa dkQh esgur djuh gksrh gSA ,d i=kdkj [kksth i=kdkfjrk esa viuh futh ftanxh dks nkao ij yxkrk gS] mls /kefd;ka feyrh gSaA ysfdu vc v[kckj ekfydksa dks lekpkj viuh ilan ls pkfg,] uk fd i=kdkfjrk ds fglkc lsA eSustesaV mldh dksbZ fpark ugha djrkA ,sls esa i=kdkj ds gkFk fujk'kk yxrh gS vkSj cnys esa dqN ugha feyrkA ;gh otg gS fd xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa [kksth i=kdkfjrk dk Ldksi vf/kd ugha jgkA pVk[ksnkj [kcjsa] luluh[kst gSfMax] ehfM;k VªkW;y ds tfj, lQyrk ikus dk tks ek;ktky ehfM;k esa jpk tk jgk gS] ml ij vkidk D;k dguk gS\ 24 ?kaVs ds pSuy dks rks viuk Vkbe iwjk djuk gS] mls rks [kcjsa pykuh gS mldk va/kkuqdj.k djrs gSa fizaV okysA ,d lsysfczVh ds ejus ;k fdlh fQYe LVkj ds ;gka 'kknh gksus ij Vhoh pSuy iwjs ,d fnu flQZ mlh U;wt dks pykrs jgrs gSaA os yksx ns[krs gSa fd lcls T;knk Vhvkjih dgka ls ikbZ tk ldrh gS vkSj os blfy, djrs gSa D;ksafd os 24X7 ds pSuy gSaA ysfdu le> ugha vkrk fd fizaV ehfM;k cxSj lksps&le>s bldk va/kkuqdj.k D;ksa dj jgk gS\ esjk ,slk ekuuk gS fd nksuksa ehfM;e vyx gaSA ysfdu ;s ,d&nwljs esa brus ?kqy&fey x, gSa fd fizaV ehfM;k dks le> ugha vk jgk fd dkSu&lh U;wt is'k djuh pkfg, vkSj dkSu&lh ugha djuh pkfg,A D;k U;wt nsuh Fkh vkSj D;k ns jgs gSaA i=kdkfjrk igys fe'ku vkSj vc izksQs'ku--- vki bl ij D;k

dgsaxh\ i=kdkfjrk vc fe'ku ugha jgh gS cfYd deksfMVh cu x;h gSA vfHk;ku ugha jgk] cfYd ,d mRikn gks x;k gSA xSj&jhfr] uhfr lc i=kdkfjrk dk fgLlk cu pqdh gSA ;fn ehfM;k ekfyd [kqn lkspsa fd eq>s DokWfyVh tuZfyTe djuh gS rks dqN ckr cu ldrh gSA vkt bl ij ppkZ gh ugha gS fd dkSu&lh i=kdkfjrk gksuh pkfg, vkSj dkSu&lh ughaA igys dh 'kq) i=kdkfjrk Ldwy ds tks i=kdkj gSa os vkt dh i=kdkfjrk esa jp&cl ugha ldrsA isM U;wt ls ysdj isM baVjO;w rd dk nw"k.k i=kdkfjrk esa vk;k gSA tuekul ds Hkjksls dks rksM+us dk ;g dke dgka ys tk,xk i=kdkfjrk dks\ tSlk eSaus igys dgk fQj dgwaxh fd ehfM;k ekfydksa dks Lo fu;a=k.k vius ij djuk gksxkA isM U;wt vkSj isM baVjO;w ds laca/k esa ;k rks ehfM;k Lo fu;a=k.k djsa vFkok ljdkj dks uhfr cukuh pkfg,A isM U;wt lPph gks rc rd Bhd gS] tks gks ugha ldrkA vki nsf[k,] Vhoh pSuyksa vkSj v[kckjksa esa Qkyrw dh nokb;ka] vehj cuus ds ;a=k cspus tSls <sjksa foKkiu ;k [kcjksa ds :i esa isM dk;ZØe pyrs gSa mudks jksdus ds fy, fQYeksa dh rjg dksbZ lsalj cksMZ ugha gSA ;gh otg gS fd lekpkj ls ysdj ,sls&,sls foKkiu ,oa izpkj lkexzh fn[kkbZ tkrh gS fd ftu ij okLro esa jksd gksuh pkfg,A fizaV ehfM;k esa Hkh ,slh lkexzh u ijkslh tk,] blds fy, ljdkj dks dksbZ dne mBkus pkfg,A ljdkj dks bl fn'kk esa lkspuk pkfg, rkfd isM lekpkjksa dks lsalj fd;k tk ldsA i=kdkj vkSj ehfM;k ilZu esa D;k varj ikrh gSa vki\ i=kdkj dks e'kkyph ekuk tkrk FkkA og dY;k.k dk vfHk;ku ysdj pyrk FkkA QØ ls flj Åapk dj pyrk FkkA mlds ikl Lo;a dh ,d 'kfä Fkh] blh otg ls yksx eku&lEeku nsrs FksA ysfdu vc e/;LFk ;kuh fcpkSfy;k cu x, gSa] ftlls i=kdkfjrk yfTtr gqbZ gSA q

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

lk{kkRdkj% Hkxorh dqekj 'kekZ

i=kdkjksa us NksM+h yksd f'k{k.k dh Hkwfedk% 'kekZ 81 o"kZ dh vk;q esa Hkh ^xqtjkr fe=k* ds fy, os fu;fer dkWye fy[krs gSaA xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa laikndh;] vkys[k vkSj Qhpj ys[k ,d yk[k ls T;knk fy[kdj ,d vuks[kk fjdkWMZ Hkxorh th us dk;e fd;k gSA i=kdkfjrk ds fofHkUu igyqvksa ij Hkxorhdqekj 'kekZ ls ^ehfM;k foe'kZ* us ckr dhA is'k gS ckrphr%

xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa fiNys dbZ lkyksa esa dkSu&ls eq[; ifjorZu ns[kus dks feys\ eSa i=kdkfjrk esa fiNys 60 lky ls gwaA xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa dkQh ifjorZu vk,A lcls T;knk VsDukykWth Lrj ij ifjorZu gqvkA iqjkuh VsDukykWth rsth ls fonk gqbZ vkSj oSf'od Lrj dh

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

vk/kqfud VsDukykWth viukus esa xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ihNs ugha jghA i=kdkjksa ds Lrj ij ckr djsa rks tgka igys dke ds izfr fu"Bk Fkh] leiZ.k Hkko Fkk og vc fn[kkbZ ugha nsrk ,oa vkxs c<+us ds fy, 'kkWVZdV dk lgkjk fy;k tk jgk gSA i<+kbZ&fy[kkbZ ls Hkh T;knk okLrk ugha gS ftldh otg ls xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa mEnk i=kdkjksa

14 ou eSu vkehZ% Hkxorhdqekj 'kekZ Hkxorhdqekj 'kekZ dk tUe lwjr esa 31 ebZ] 1934 dks gqvkA bUgksaus nloha ds ckn i<+kbZ NksM+ nh ysfdu ckn esa 1968 esa xqtjkrh ,oa vaxzsth lkfgR; ls Lukrd fd;kA 1954 esa 'kekZ ^xqtjkr fe=k* uked nSfud esa izwQ jhMj ds :i esa tqM+s vkSj 1994 esa lgk;d laiknd ds in ls LoSfPNd vodk'k xzg.k fd;kA gkykafd] izca/ku us budk bLrhQk Lohdkj ugha fd;k vkSj mls QkM+ fn;kA 'kekZ vkt Hkh bl v[kckj ls tqM+s gq, gSa vkSj fu;fer dkWye fy[krs gSaA xqtjkrh lkfgR; ifj"kn ds 2009 ls 2011 rd v/;{k jgs 81 o"kZ ds 'kekZ dh vka[ksa vkSj dku detksj iM+ pqds gSa ysfdu i=kdkfjrk vkSj lkfgR; dk lkFk bUgksaus ugha NksM+kA vkt Hkh muds ?kj ^xqtjkr fe=k* ls gj jkst O;fä vkrk gS] os cksyrs gSa og mudk dkWye fy[krk gSA Hkxorhdqekj 'kekZ dks i=kdkfjrk ,oa lkfgR; esa vge ;ksxnku djus ds fy, iwoZ iz/kkuea=kh vVy fcgkjh oktis;h vkSj xqtjkr ds iwoZ eq[;ea=kh ds'kqHkkbZ iVsy us vokMZ iznku fd;kA 'kekZ dks vc rd vusd izfrf"Br vokMZ ls uoktk tk pqdk gSA bu vokMZ esa lwjr E;qfufliy dkiksZjs'ku vokMZ] okyh xqtjkrh xty vokMZ] dqekj panzd] j.kthrjke lqo.kZ panzd vkSj gfjUnz nos eseksfj;y vokMZ 'kkfey gSaA muds miU;kl vlqj;yksd ds fy, lkfgR; ,dsMeh vokMZ ls o"kZ 1988 esa lEekfur fd;k x;kA ohj ueZn lkmFk xqtjkr ;wfuoflZVh us Hkxorhdqekj 'kekZ dks 1999 esa lkfgR; esa MkDjsVªsV dh mikf/k ls uoktkA Hkxorhdqekj 'kekZ ds miU;klksa esa eu ugha ekus] 'kCnkrhr] }kj ugha [kqys] ân;'kj.k] fjDrk] vlqj;yksd vkSj m/koZewy eq[; gSaA y?kq dgkfu;ksa esa fpUukfHkUuk] vnkfcn lfgr 82 ls T;knk iqLrdsa fy[kh gSaA buesa vkWVksck;ksxzkQh lwjr eq> ?kk;y Hkwfe vkSj vejhdk dh ;knksa ij fy[kh iqLrd vejhdk vkots 'kkfey gSaA lwjr esa dksbZ Hkh ykbczsjh] baLVhV~;w'kal] eq'kk;jk] egfQy] dfo lEesyu vkSj fdlh Hkh rjg dh 'kSf{kd xfrfof/k;ka Hkxorhdqekj 'kekZ ds cxSj v/kwjh ekuh tkrh gSaA dh deh eglwl dh tk jgh gSA xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa daVsaV ds Lrj ij D;k gky gS\ igys v[kckjksa esa lkexzh dk egRo FkkA ikBdksa dh ilan dk [;ky fd;k tkrk Fkk vkSj lkexzh mlh vuq:i ijkslh tkrh FkhA ysfdu vc lkexzh ds Lrj esa fxjkoV vkbZ gSA euksjatu vkSj gYdh lkexzh dh Hkjekj jgrh gS tcfd turk dks f'kf{kr djus ,oa mUgsa l{ke cukus dh lkexzh dks vgfe;r nsuh pkfg,] tks vc ugha fn[krhA i=kdkfjrk dk ;g /keZ gS ftls vc fuHkk;k ugha tk jgkA eSa i=kdkj dks yksd f'k{kd ekurk gwa tks vc csgn de fn[kkbZ nsrs gSaA laikndksa ds Lrj ij vki D;k dgsaxs\ laiknd yksd f'k{kd ugha eSustj cu x, gSaA vc laiknd] laiknd u gksdj O;kolkf;d nkSM+ esa izca/kd gSaA laikndh; foHkkx esa vc izca/ku dh pyrh gS] laikndh; eaMy ds lnL;ksa dh ugha pyrh] mudh ckr ugha lquh tkrhA izca/ku dk gLr{ksi c<+ x;k gS] tks vPNk ugha gSA i=kdkjksa dk opZLo v[kckj esa jguk pkfg,] tks dgha ugha fn[krkA bldh otg Hkh Lo;a laiknd gSa] tks viuh ckr izHkkoh <ax ls ugha j[k ikrs] vf/kd gkseodZ ls Hkh mudk okLrk ugha jgkA cl dsoy ukSdjh Hkj dj jgs gSaA

xqtjkr dh ubZ ih<+h dh f'k{kk vaxzsth esa gks jgh gS] dSlk Hkfo"; fn[krk gS vkidks bl i=kdkfjrk dk\ lHkh Hkk"kk ds ehfM;k ds fy, ;g fpark dk fo"k; gSA vdsys lwjr esa NksVs&cM+s 50 v[kckj fudyrs gSaA vPNs v[kckj rks bus&fxus gSaA v[kckjksa dk izlkj c<+ jgk gS ysfdu yksxksa dk #>ku Vhoh vkSj U;w ehfM;k dh vksj c<+ jgk gS] blls budkj ugha fd;k tk ldrkA xqtjkrh fizaV ek/;e dh tgka rd ckr gS] xqtjkrh i<+us okys jgsaxs ghA xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk dk Hkfo"; vPNk gS] ysfdu ubZ ih<+h us xqtjkrh i<+uk can fd;k rks fnDdr t:j gksxhA xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa vkids ilanhnk laiknd dkSu gSa\ xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa esjs ilanhnk laiknd gfjUnz nos vkSj gleq[k xka/kh gSa] ftUgksaus xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk dks vius&vius Lrj ij u;k jkLrk fn[kk;kA xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa vk jgh ubZ ih<+h ds fy, vkidk lans'kA ubZ ih<+h esa i=kdkfjrk ds izfr leiZ.k Hkko gksuk pkfg,A mUgsa ;g le>uk gksxk fd muds da/kksa ij yksxksa dh lsok djus] mUgsa lgh jkLrk fn[kkus vkSj f'kf{kr djus dh ftEesnkjh gSA mudks tedj dke djuk gksxkA tks u, i=kdkj bls XySej dh nqfu;k ekudj vk jgs gSa] og tu&tu ds fy, vPNk ugha gSA q

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

lk{kkRdkj% euh"k esgrk

vfHkuo iz;ksxksa esa ges'kk vkxs jgs gSa ge% esgrk xqtjkrh v[kckjksa esa daVsV dk Lrj fiNys ikap lky esa rsth ls cnyk gSA ftu ehfM;k gkml us vius ikBdksa dh ilan dks ugha igpkuk] muds vfLrRo ij [krjk iSnk gksrk tk jgk gSA lkFk gh vc fMftVy ehfM;k ij xqtjkrh ikBdksa dk rsth ls f'k¶V gksuk ehfM;k gkml gh ugha cfYd ;gka dke dj jgs i=kdkjksa ds fy, Hkh ubZ pqukSrh ds :i esa mHkjk gSA xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ds bUgha eqíksa ij ^ehfM;k foe'kZ* us ^fnO; HkkLdj* ds dk;Zdkjh laiknd euh"k esgrk ls ckrphr dhA is'k gS muls gqbZ ckrphr% vkius xqtjkrh if=kdkvksa vkSj v[kckjksa nksuksa esa dke fd;k gS] D;k varj ikrs gSa\ esjk ekuuk gS fd cxSj lIyhesaV xqtjkrh v[kckjksa dh dYiuk djuk eqf'dy gSA xqtjkrh ikBd ijaijkxr :i ls vkys[kksa dks i<+uk pkgrk gSA ge lIyhesaV }kjk vius ikBdksa dh bl Hkw[k dks larq"V djus dk iz;kl djrs gSaA lHkh xqtjkrh v[kckjksa us ¼tks vc rd fudys gSa½ blh ijaijk dks Lohdkj fd;kA xqtjkrh lewph nqfu;k esa clrs gSa vkSj os bl rjg dh lkexzh O;kid Lrj ij pkgrs gSa vkSj vius dks ges'kk gjsd fo"k; ij viMsV j[kuk pkgrs gSaA bl rjg dh jhfMax pkgrs gSa fd ns'k nqfu;k esa D;k py jgk gS] D;k gks jgk gS vkSj D;k Qk;nk gSA xqtjkrh ikBd VsDukykWth] gSYFk] oSYFk] izksQs'ku] ykbQ] ,tqds'ku] [kku&iku ;kuh gj pht ds ckjs esa i<+uk pkgrk gSA Ms Vw Ms esa tks dke vk jgk gS mlds ckjs esa i<+uk pkgrk gSA tks ge v[kckj esa ugha ns ikrs] og lkexzh lIyhesaV ds ek/;e ls ijkslh tkrh gSA xqtjkrh if=kdkvksa dh fLFkfr D;k gS\ muds lkeus D;k pqukSfr;ka gSa\ v[kckj esa gj jkst lIyhesaV Hkh vk tkrs gSaA vc tks if=kdk,a gSa os v[kckj vkSj muds lIyhesaV ds vkxs dh pht ijkslas rks dqN ckr cusA muds fy, dqN djus dks cpk ugha gSA ;fn mUgsa dqN djuk gS rks u;k djuk iM+sxkA v[kckj vkSj mlds lIyhesaV ds vkxs dqN djuk iM+sxk vkSj T;knkrj if=kdk,a blls T;knk vkxs dqN dj ugha ikrhA xqtjkrh if=kdk,a blh otg ls fiNys 5&7

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

lkyksa esa fnDdr dk lkeuk dj jgh gSaA o"kZ 2003 esa xqtjkr esa ^fnO; HkkLdj* us nLrd nhA bl v[kckj ds vkus ds ckn xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa D;k cM+k ifjorZu ns[kus dks feyk\ o"kZ 2003 dk lky xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa ySaMekdZ dk lky gSA xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk nks ;k rhu v[kckjksa ds bnZ&fxnZ gh pyrh Fkh vkSj 2003 esa ;g iwjk ifjn`'; ifjofrZr gqvkA xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa ^fnO; HkkLdj* ds vkus ls vge ifjorZu ns[kus dks

16 feysA xqtjkr dks bldh cgqr t:jr FkhA fnO; HkkLdj ds vkus ls igys xqtjkrh v[kckjksa esa i=kdkjksa dh Hkwfedk vge ugha FkhA ekfydksa dh Hkwfedk cM+h Fkh ysfdu ^fnO; HkkLdj* us lkjh deku laikndh; foHkkx ds gkFk esa nh vkSj ekfyd gLr{ski ls nwj jgsA mudh Hkwfedk U;wure gSA xqtjkrh i=kdkjksa dks ;g cM+k ekSdk feyk tc fdlh izksQs'kuy xzqi us ;gka dne j[ksA lSysjh ds <kaps esa Hkh cnyko vk;kA jax :i] jaxhu ist] VsDukykWth] U;wt fizaV dh DokWfyVh ij cgqr ifjorZu gq,A ^fnO; HkkLdj* us nl lky esa u, iz;ksx fd,A jhMj tks pkgrk gS] og nsrk gS] muls laokn djrk gSA ckdh v[kckjksa esa jhMj dk buoksyesaV ugha gSA ogka ekfyd gh r; djrs gSa fd dSlk v[kckj cuuk pkfg,A jhMj dk buoksyesaV HkkLdj esa T;knk gSA ^fnO; HkkLdj* vius ikBdksa dh leL;k,a ,oa mudh ckrksa dks lkeus j[krk gSA xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa osc ehfM;k ,oa bysDVªkWfud dk Hkfo"; dSlk gS\ fMftVy ehfM;k ij xqtjkrh ikBd cM+h la[;k esa f'k¶V gks jgs gSaA vU; Hkk"kkvksa dh rqyuk esa xqtjkrh ikBd osclkbV] LekVZ Qksu ij lcls T;knk vk jgs gSaA bldk fMl,MokaVst Hkfo"; esa fn[k ldrk gSA ysfdu U;w ehfM;k ij vPNh lkexzh gks rks jhMj bls vPNk fjLikal nsxkA ;g vdsys xqtjkrh ehfM;k dh ckr ugha gSA ;g lHkh Hkk"kkvksa ds lkFk gSA U;w ehfM;k esa lc dqN jhMj ds gkFk gSA blesa jhMj viuh t:jr ds lekpkj&Qhpj rRdky i<+ ysrk gS rks vxys fnu mls v[kckj dh de t:jr ugha gksrhA vxys fnu feyus okys lekpkj rks og igys gh tku pqdk gksrk gS] ;g v[kckj ds fy, Hkh pSysat gSA v[kckj dks ;g lkspuk gksxk fd og ikBd dks vxys fnu D;k ns\ fMftVy ehfM;k xqtjkrh ehfM;k esa rsth ls vk;k gSA ^fnO; HkkLdj* us blds egRo dks le>rs gq, bls viuk;k] rsth ls vkxs c<+k gSA fnO; HkkLdj bldk foLrkj dj jgk gSA ge ;g Hkh fjlpZ dj jgs gSa fd jhMj dks lkFk ysdj fd mlds fy, D;k djuk pkfg,\ lks'ky ehfM;k dk cksyckyk c<+ jgk gS] D;k vki lks'ky ehfM;k dks ehfM;k dk gh ,d fgLlk ekurs gSa\ ehfM;k vly esa D;k gS& vki tks O;Dr djuk pkgrs gSa

mlds fy, tks ek/;e viuk;k tk, og ehfM;k gSA lks'ky ehfM;k csgn O;kid ek/;e gSA ,d lkekU; vkneh Hkh lks'ky ehfM;k ds ek/;e ls viuh ckr] viuk fopkj lHkh ds lkeus j[k ldrk gS] ;gka yksxksa dk lh/kk buokyesaV gSA ^fnO; HkkLdj* us yksxksa ls iwNk fd crkvks vki D;k pkgrs gSaA bls ysdj ge jk"Vªh; o varjjk"Vªh; eap ij tk jgs gSaA eSa ekurk gwa fd lks'ky ehfM;k Hkh ehfM;k dk gh fgLlk gSA blls Qk;nk gh gksxkA bysDVªkWfud] fizaV ek/;e ds lkeus lks'ky ehfM;k cgqr rsth ls vkxs c<+ jgk gSA xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk us ns'k dh vktknh ds fe'ku esa vge Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ ysfdu vc fdl fe'ku ij dke gks jgk gS\ xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk us ns'k dh vktknh esa vge Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ vkSj vktknh mldk fe'ku FkkA vktknh ds ckn ml rjg dk cM+k fe'ku ugha jgk ysfdu xqtjkr jkT; ds fodkl esa mlus [kklh Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gSA ns'k ds lkeus Hkh xqtjkr dks izLrqr fd;kA yksxksa dh ckr ljdkj lqus] yksxksa ds fy, ljdkj gSA gekjs lafo/kku esa ftl dY;k.kdkjh jkT; ;kuh osYQs;j LVsV dh tks dYiuk dh xbZ gS mlesa ehfM;k dh Hkwfedk gSA xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ds vykok vU; Hkk"kkbZ i=kdkfjrk dks Hkh ns[ksa rks vktknh tSlk vc dksbZ LisflfQd fe'ku ugha jgk gSA q

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

lk{kkRdkj% fdjhV x.kk=k

lokjs pk--- lkats vfdyk jktdksV ¼xqtjkr½ ls izdkf'kr lka/;dkyhu ^vfdyk* ds izca/k laiknd fdjhV x.kk=kk dks turk dk laiknd ekuk tkrk gSA ^vfdyk* ds n¶rj esa gj jkst lqcg 11 cts ls 3 rd dksbZ Hkh O;fä cxSj fdlh HksnHkko] jksdVksd ds muls cxSj ,ikbaVesaV ds fey ldrk gSA 'kkafr vkSj /kS;Z ds lkFk vkxarqd dks lquuk vkSj mlds lkFk gksus dk vglkl fnykus dk gh deky gS fd ^vfdyk* esa izlkj ,oa foKkiu foHkkx gS gh ughaA ;s foHkkx vke turk us vius vki laHkky j[ks gSaA ^ehfM;k foe'kZ* us fdjhV x.kk=kk ls lka/;dkyhu i=kdkfjrk ij ckr dhA is'k gS bl tu laiknd ls gqbZ ckrphr%

xqtjkr esa lka/;dkyhu i=kdkfjrk esa fiNys ikap lky esa D;k ifjorZu vk, gSa\ laiw.kZ i=kdkfjrk esa gh O;kid ifjorZu vk, gSaA ikBd vc gj NksVh&NksVh ?kVukvksa dh rg rd tkuk pkgrkA fdl otg ls ?kVuk ?kVh vkSj rktk gky D;k gS\ blh otg ls vc fjiksVZj Hkh gj ?kVuk ds ihNs rg rd tkus dh dksf'k'k djrs gSaA lkFk gh v[kckjksa esa csgrj ys&vkmV] isij DokWfyVh vkSj ikBdksa dh ilan&ukilan dks rjthg nh tkrh gSA fizafVax VsDukykWth ds Lrj ij Hkh cM+s ifjorZu gq, gSa vkSj xqtjkr ds v[kckjksa us Hkh

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

bls viuk;kA U;w ehfM;k vkSj bysDVªkWfud ehfM;k ds c<+rs dne dk lka/;dkyhu v[kckjksa ij fdl rjg dk vlj iM+k gS\ dksbZ vlj ugha iM+k gSA ^vfdyk* dh gh ckr d:a rks nks gtkj] rhu gtkj] ikap gtkj vkSj vkt 85 gtkj dkWih dk lD;qZys'ku gSA tks LFkkuh; [kcjsa ge ns ldrs gSa og vkSj dksbZ ugha ns ldrkA bysDVªkWfud ehfM;k ;k U;w ehfM;k esa vki gjsd LFkkuh; [kcj dks ugha ns[k ldrsA laHko gS vkidks Vhoh ij viuh [kcj ns[kus ds fy, yacs le; rd bartkj Hkh djuk iM+s ;k ,d&nks ykbu

18 dh gh [kcj feysA tcfd] ge vius ikBdksa dks LFkkuh; [kcj iwjs foLrkj ls nsrs gSaA tSlk eSaus vkidks crk;k ^vfdyk* dh dkWfi;ksa dk fizaV c<+rk gh tk jgk gS] tc ls geus ;g v[kckj 'kq: fd;kA ^vfdyk* ,slk igyk v[kckj jgk tks gj jkst vius ikBdksa dks eksckby ij 78 gtkj ,l,e,l ds ek/;e ls fnu esa ikap ckj [kcj nsrk FkkA gkykafd] ckn esa ljdkj us ,l,e,l dh ykxr c<+k nh ftldh otg ls gesa ;g lsok can djuh iM+h ysfdu geus OgkV~lvi] fV~oVj vkSj Qslcqd dks viuk;k] tgka ;qok oxZ tc pkgs viuh ilan dh [kcjsa ik ldrk gSA ^vfdyk* dh osclkbV Hkh gS ftl ij gj jkst rdjhcu nks yk[k fgV vkrh gSaA bl rjg geus ;ax tujs'ku dk iwjk [;ky j[kk gSA ubZ VsDukykWth dks viukdj ge turk ds chp iwjh rjg cus gq, gSaA ubZ ih<+h dh i<+kbZ&fy[kkbZ vaxzsth ek/;e esa gks jgh gS] ,sls esa xqtjkrh Hkk"kk dh i=kdkfjrk dk Hkfo"; D;k gS\ vki ;g ckr mu yksxksa dh dj jgs gSa tks xqtjkr NksM+dj vU; txg x, gSaA tcfd xqtjkr esa xqtjkrh ek/;e ds Ldwy [kwc py jgs gaSA xqtjkr esa xqtjkrh Hkk"kk dks [kwc i<+k&fy[kk tk jgk gSA Lokehukjk;.k eafnj okys xqtjkrh i<+kus&fy[kkus] xqtjkrh esa ea=kksPpkj tSls dbZ csgrj dke dj jgs gSaA ,slh laLFkk,a xqtjkr esa Hkk"kk dks ysdj lpsr vkSj lfØ; gSaA eq>s ugha yxrk fd vkus okys le; esa xqtjkrh ihf<+;ka xqtjkrh i<+uk&fy[kuk can dj nsaxhA lkSjk"Vª,oa 'ks"k xqtjkr dh lka/;dkyhu i=kdkfjrk esa D;k varj gS\ lka/;dkyhu v[kckj lkSjk"Vªdks NksM+dj 'ks"k xqtjkr esa dgha lQy ugha gaSA vgenkckn] lwjr ls dbZ iz;kl gq, ysfdu lka/;dkyhu v[kckjksa dks tks lQyrk lkSjk"Vªesa feyh og dgha ugha fn[khA eqacbZ ls ^feM&Ms* xqtjkrh fudyrk gS ysfdu og lka/;dkyhu gksus ds ckotwn lqcg gh vk tkrk gSA ,sls esa ^feM&Ms*

Hkh izkr%dkyhu tSlk gh gSA jktdksV esa Hkh ^vfdyk* dh rjg dbZ v[kckj vk,A ;g eSa t:j dgwaxk fd ;gka v[kckjksa dh la[;k c<+h gS ijUrq mudh daVsV DokWfyVh esa fxjkoV vkbZ gSA eSa fdlh v[kckj dk uke ugha ysuk pkgrk ysfdu mudh i=kdkfjrk izHkkoh ugha gSA ^vfdyk* 'kq: gqvk mlds nl lky ckn rd ;gka dksbZ nwljk lka/;dkyhu v[kckj ugha FkkA vly esa lkSjk"Vªesa ^vfdyk* us lka/;dkyhu v[kckjksa ds lalkj dks tek;kA gekjk Lyksxu gh Fkk-lqcg pk;--'kke dks vfdyk ¼lokjs pk--lkats vfdyk½A lkSjk"Vªesa yksx nksigj 1 ls 4 cts rd vkjke djrs gSa vkSj 4 cts tc tkxrs gSa rc rd ^vfdyk* vk pqdk gksrk gSA bl rjg ikBdksa dks ^vfdyk* dks [kwc I;kj feyk tks vkt Hkh tkjh gSA ^vfdyk* dh yksdfiz;rk jktdksV esa [kwc gS] ckotwn blds vkius blds vU; laLdj.k 'kq: D;ksa ugh fd,\ ^vfdyk* lEiw.kZ lkSjk"Vª esa tkrk gSA jktdksV ls ;g v[kckj nks ?kaVs esa tkeuxj] lkseukFk&osjkoy] Hkkouxj] twukx<+] eksjch] okadkusj] vejsyh] xksaMy] Hkqqt ;kuh lc txg igqap tkrk gS rks nwljh txg ls laLdj.k 'kq: djus dh t:jr gh ugha yxhA q

dSls iM+k uke ^vfdyk* fdjhV x.kk=kk ds firkth xq.koar jk; ¼ckcwHkkbZ½ jktdksV ls ^t; lkSjk"Vª* uked lkIrkfgd izdkf'kr djrs FksA bl v[kckj us vaxzstksa vkSj lkSjk"Vªds jktk&jtokM+ksa ds fo#) tu vkanksyu esa Hkjiwj lg;ksx fn;kA gkykafd] ckn esa ;g lkIrkfgd can gks x;kA ysfdu fdjhV x.kk=kk ds firkth us vius csVksa dks turk dk v[kckj fudkyus dh ulhgr nhA ftldk vkt Hkh ikyu fd;k tk jgk gSA lkSjk"Vª [kkldj jktdksV esa gj vke O;fä dks ^vfdyk* dk laoknnkrk ekuk tkrk gSA dgha Hkh dksbZ Hkh dHkh Hkh ?kVuk ?kV tk, rks mldh igyh lwpuk iz'kklu ls iwoZ fdjhV HkkbZ ds ikl igqaprh gSA gj jkst lqcg 11 cts ls 3 cts rd muls dksbZ Hkh fey ldrk gSA ^vfdyk* uke xq.koar jk; ¼ckcwHkkbZ½ ds rhu csVksa ds uke ds igys v{kj ls tUekA v ;kuh vthr] fd ;kuh fdjhV vkSj yk ;kuh ykythA ;g cuk uke ^vfdyk*A ^vfdyk* dk izdk'ku 1978 esa 'kq: gqvkA

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

lk{kkRdkj% dkSf'kd esgrk

lkSjk"Vªds v[kckjksa esa fn[krk gS xkao% esgrk xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa xzkeh.k i=kdkfjrk lkSjk"Vªdh nsu gSA lkSjk"Vªesa fdlh Hkh v[kckj dks lQy gksuk gS rks mls xkaoksa dh [kcjsa nsuk t:jh gSA xkaoksa esa [kcjksa dk l'kDr usVodZ uk gks rks lkSjk"Vªesa fdlh Hkh v[kckj dh lQyrk lafnX/k gSA cnys tekus esa lkSjk"Vªds v[kckjksa us Hkh eksckby ,i viuk fy, gSa ftlls vc xkao Hkh u, tekus ds ehfM;k ek/;e ls tqM+ x, gSaA lkSjk"Vªdh i=kdkfjrk ij tUeHkwfe lewg ds lekpkj i=k ^QwyNkc* ds laiknd dkSf'kd esgrk ls ^ehfM;k foe'kZ* us ckr dhA is'k gS muls gqbZ ckrphr% i=kdkfjrk esa lkSjk"Vªdh i=kdkfjrk dks 'ks"k xqtjkr xq dhtjkrhi=kdkfjrk ls vyx dSls ns[kk tkrk gS\ lkSjk"VªvkSj 'ks"k xqtjkr dh i=kdkfjrk esa ewyHkwr varj ;g gS fd lkSjk"Vªesa xzkeh.k i=kdkfjrk ij T;knk tksj fn;k x;k gSA xqtjkr esa xzkeh.k i=kdkfjrk lkSjk"Vªdh nsu gSA blls igys ;gka xzkeh.k i=kdkfjrk ugha gksrh FkhA lkSjk"Vªds eq[; 'kgj jktdksV ls ^QwyNkc*] ^t;fgan* izdkf'kr gksrk gS] igys ^tulÙkk* Hkh FkkA bu v[kckjksa esa ;g ckr leku :i ls lkeus vkbZ fd xkaoksa ds lekpkj dSls vk,aA bl usVodZ dks cukus esa lHkh v[kckjksa us iz;kl fd, vkSj ^QwyNkc* dh Hkwfedk vge jghA ^QwyNkc* us lkSjk"Vªds xkaoksa esa 300&400 izfrfuf/k;ksa dk usVodZ [kM+k fd;k vkSj xkaoksa ls lekpkj vkuk 'kq: gq,A esjs [;ky ls lkSjk"Vªdh i=kdkfjrk dh ;g [kkfl;r gS vkSj blesa ;g vOoy gSA lkSjk"Vª esa 'kq) xzkeh.k i=kdkfjrk ij tksj fn;k x;kA lkSjk"Vª ,oa dPN esa xzkeh.k i=kdkfjrk ij ftruk tksj fn;k x;k mruk 'ks"k xqtjkr dh i=kdkfjrk esa ugha fn;k x;kA ;gka ds v[kckjksa esa lkSjk"Vª,oa dPN ds xkaoksa esa ?kVus okyh ?kVuk,a T;knk LFkku ikrh gSaA vgenkckn ds v[kckjksa ^xqtjkr lekpkj*] ^lans'k* vkSj ^fnO; HkkLdj* ds lkSjk"Vªesa iSj ilkjus ls lkSjk"Vªdh i=kdkfjrk fdl rjg izHkkfor gqbZ gS\ lkSjk"Vªds ewy nSfud v[kckj D;k buds iSj ilkjus ls vius vfLrRo dh yM+kbZ ugha yM+ jgs\ vgenkckn ds bu v[kckjksa ds vkus ls igys lkSjk"Vªesa rhu&pkj gh izkr%dkyhu v[kckj FksA ckn esa ;gka u, v[kckj vk,A vgenkckn ls lcls igys ^xqtjkr lekpkj* vkSj ^lans'k* vk,A esjk ,slk ekuuk gS fd bu v[kckjksa ds vkus ls lkSjk"Vªesa ikBdksa dh la[;k c<+h vkSj v[kckjksa dh izlkj la[;k esa btkQk Hkh gqvkA nwljk ;g gqvk fd igys lkSjk"Vªds v[kckj T;knk lIyhesaV ugha nsrs Fks] lIrkg esa ,d ckj gh lIyhesaV fn;k tkrk FkkA

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

vgenkckn ds v[kckjksa ds vkus ls lIyhesaV dh la[;k c<+ xbZ vkSj vc gj jkst lIyhesaV vkrk gSA cM+k ifjorZu ^fnO; HkkLdj* ds vkus ls gqvkA ^fnO; HkkLdj* ds vkus ls izkbl okj gqvk tcfd ist okj rks blls igys ^xqtjkr lekpkj* ,oa ^lans'k* dh otg ls 'kq: gks pqdk FkkA ^fnO; HkkLdj* us ;gka ,d #i;s esa v[kckj cspuk 'kq: fd;k izkbejh vkWQj ds rkSj ijA blls ;g gqvk fd tks yksx v[kckj ugha [kjhnrs Fks] os Hkh v[kckj [kjhnus yxsA gkykafd] ckn esa ^fnO; HkkLdj* us izkbl c<+k fn;k vkSj mlds lD;qZys'ku ij vlj iM+k] og vyx ckr gSA ysfdu vPNk ;g gqvk fd tks yksx drbZ v[kckj ugha [kjhnrs Fks] os Hkh [kjhnus yxsA ckgj ds v[kckjksa ds lkSjk"Vªvkus dk ykHk gh gqvkA ckr lkSjk"Vªds v[kckjksa ds vfLrRo dh djsa rks pqukSfr;ka lkeus [kM+h gaSA os cM+s v[kckj gSa rks mldk vlj iM+sxk ghA vFkZO;oLFkk ij Hkh vlj gksxk vkSj ;gka ds v[kckjksa dks vfLrRo dh yM+kbZ Hkh yM+uh gksxhA ysfdu vkidks tkudj rkTtqc gksxk fd jktdksV esa vHkh Hkh lqcg Ng vkSj 'kke dks pkj v[kckj fudy jgs gSaA bruk gh ugha gjsd ftyk Lrj ij viuk&viuk v[kckj gS] rks ,slk ugha fd lkSjk"Vª dh ewy i=kdkfjrk [kRe gks xbZ] gka izHkkfor t:j gqbZ gS] ;g r; gSA xqtjkrh cPpksa dh f'k{kk&nh{kk vc vaxzsth esa gks jgh gSA ,sls esa xqtjkrh fizaV ehfM;k dk Hkfo"; dSlk utj vkrk gS\ xqtjkrh cPpksa dh i<+kbZ&fy[kkbZ vaxzsth esa gks jgh gS ysfdu vHkh rks bldk xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ij dksbZ foijhr vlj fn[kkbZ ugha ns jgk gSA v[kckjksa dh izlkj la[;k c<+h gh gS] vPNh [kklh c<+h gSA gkykafd] ;g FkksM+h fpark gks ldrh gS fd tks cPps vaxzsth esa i<+rs gSa] os xqtjkrh ugha i<+rs ysfdu esjs [;ky ls mldk gy gSA lHkh v[kckj eksckby ,Iyhds'ku vkSj baVjusV ,Mh'ku ys vk, gSaA bl rjg u, tekus dh pqukSrh ds fy, v[kckjksa us vius dks rS;kj dj fy;k gSA cPpksa dh vaxzsth esa f'k{kk&nh{kk dk vHkh rks

20 xqtjkrh cPpksa dh i<+kbZ&fy[kkbZ vaxzsth esa gks jgh gS ysfdu vHkh rks bldk xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ij dksbZ foijhr vlj fn[kkbZ ugha ns jgk gSA v[kckjksa dh izlkj la[;k c<+h gh gS] vPNh [kklh c<+h gSA gkykafd] ;g FkksM+h fpark gks ldrh gS fd tks cPps vaxzsth esa i<+rs gSa] os xqtjkrh ugha i<+rs ysfdu esjs [;ky ls mldk gy gSA lHkh v[kckj eksckby ,Iyhds'ku vkSj baVjusV ,Mh'ku ys vk, gSaA xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ij vlj ugha gS ysfdu ikap&nl o"kZ ckn dqN vlj 'kk;n fn[kkbZ ns ldrk gSA xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk us vktknh ds fe'ku esa vge Hkwfedk fuHkkbZA vc fdu mís';ksa dks ysdj dk;Z fd;k tk jgk gS ;k bls dkjksckj ds tekus esa ,d izkWMDV eku fy;k x;k gS\ lkSjk"Vªds v[kckjksa [kkldj ^QwyNkc* us jktk&jtokM+ksa ds f[kykQ vkokt mBkbZA vktknh dh tax esa Hkwfedk fuHkkbZA vktknh ds ckn cnyko vk;k vkSj lkslk;Vh ds loky ,oa ljdkj ds lkeus tks turk ds iz'u gSa] os fe'ku cusA esjk ,slk ekuuk gS fd bl le; i=kdkfjrk FkksM+h cgqr HkVd xbZ gSA vaxzsth i=kdkfjrk esa ist Fkzh okyk tks dYpj c<+&p<+dj pyrk gS og xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa Hkh dqN gn rd 'kqq: gqvk gS ftlls lekt dk lh/ks&lh/ks dksbZ okLrk ugha gSA v[kckjksa esa ist Fkzh Vkbi dh [kcjksa ,oa QksVks dh la[;k c<+rh tk jgh gSA igys 'kCn Fkk i=kdkj vkSj vc gS ehfM;k ilZu---bu nksuksa ds chp

D;k varj ikrs gSa vki\ ehfM;k 'kCn dk foLrkj T;knk gSA ehfM;k esa ,aVjVsuesaV Hkh 'kkfey gks tkrk gS vkSj blesa fizaV] bysDVªkWfud] osclkbV lHkh ek/;e ds yksx vk tkrs gSa rks bl n`f"V ls ehfM;k ilZu dgk tkrk gSA i=kdkj@fjiksVZj tks gS mldk lh/kk laca/k esjs [;ky ls fizaV ehfM;k ls T;knk okLrk j[krk gSA lkSjk"Vªdk ikBd oxZ fdl rjg ds lekpkj i<+us esa T;knk #fp j[krk gS vkSj fiNys ikap lky esa D;k ifjorZu ns[kus dks feys gaSA lkSjk"Vªdk ikBd lkslk;Vh U;wt] lkslk;Vh xsnfjax ds lekpkjksa dks dkQh egRo nsrk gSA blds vykok vijk/k txr dh [kcjksa dks ;gka T;knk egRo fn;k tkrk gSA ysfdu ;gka ds v[kckjksa esa tks lcls vPNh ckr eq>s yxrh gS og gS ekuoh; igyw ls dh xbZ LVksjhtA yxHkx lHkh v[kckj bls vf/kd vgfe;r nsrs gSaA ;g dkQh cM+h ckr gSA lkFk gh jk"Vªh;&varjjk"Vªh; [kcjksa dh ikBdksa esa ekax c<+h gSA q

/kuat; pksiM+k dks ijkMdj lEeku bykgkckn fo'ofo|ky; ds lsaVj vkWQ ehfM;k LVMht ds ikB~;Øe leUo;d /kuat; pksiM+k dks mÙkjizns'k fgUnh laLFkku] y[kuÅ }kjk ckcwjko fo".kq ijkMdj lEeku ls lEekfur fd;k x;kA ;g iqjLdkj mUgsa mudh iqLrd ôSKkfudksa ls lk{kkRdkj* ij fn;k x;k gSA 25 o"kZ rd lfØ; i=kdkfjrk djus ds ckn bykgkckn fo'ofo|ky; esa ehfM;k dk v/;kiu dj jgs /kuat; pksiM+k us ds-ds- fcjyk QSyksf'ki ds vUrxZr ^lkfgR; ds iqjLdkjksa dk bfrgkl] Lo:i vkSj ewY;kadu* rFkk Hkkjr ljdkj ds laLÑfr ea=kky; dh lhfu;j QSyksf'ki ds vUrxZr ^tulapkj dh okfpd ijEijk dk vizfre lk/ku fcjgk yksdxhr* fo"k;ksa ij 'kks/k dk;Z fd;k gSA ^laxe dh jsrh ij pkyhl fnu*] ^flQZ lekpkj*] î=kdkfjrk% rc ls vc rd*] î=kdkfjrk ds ;qx fuekZrk enu eksgu ekyoh;*] ûsYlu eaMsyk% u;s ;qx ds iz.ksrk*] ôSKkfudksa ls lk{kkRdkj*] ^Nikd dk lq[k% fx¶V vkWQj esa* ¼O;aX; laxzg½] ûkfHkdh; ÅtkZ vkSj lekpkj ehfM;k* rFkk îaMokuh xkf;dk rhtu ckbZ ¼eksuksxzkQ½* mudh izdkf'kr iqLrdsa gSaA lkfgfR;d if=kdk ^lsok*] bykgkckn fo'ofo|ky; dh if=kdk ^cjxn* o 'kks/k if=kdk ^tuZy vkWQ ehfM;k LVMht* dk lEiknu dj jgs gSa rFkk mÙkjizns'k yfyr dyk vdkneh dh if=kdk ^dyk =kSekfld* o mÙkjizns'k ljdkj ds v;ks/;k 'kks/k laLFkku dh 'kks/k if=kdk ^lk{kh* ds fo'ks"k vadksa dk laiknu fd;k gSA Hkkjr ljdkj ds lwpuk izlkj.k ea=kky; }kjk mUgsa HkkjrsUnq gfj'pUnz iqjLdkj] i=kdkfjrk ds fy, y{ehdkar oekZ iqjLdkj] lkfgfR;d i=kdkfjrk ds fy, vizes; lEeku] bykgkckn ukV~; la?k }kjk ukV~;Jh rFkk foKku ifj"kn] bykgkckn }kjk 'krkCnh lEeku izkIr gks pqdk gSA

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

lk{kkRdkj% dkuk ckVok

Hkk"kk dks cpkus dk dke djuk gS gesa ftl xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk us xqtjkrh Hkk"kk dks le`) cuk;k Fkk] ogh xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk Hkk"kk dks [kRe dj jgh gSA ,sls esa lHkh xqtjkrh i=kdkjksa dks feydj Hkk"kk dks cpkus ,oa 'kqf)dj.k ij tksj nsuk pkfg,A xqtjkrh lekpkj i=k ^fnO; HkkLdj* ds LVsV ,fMVj ¼lsVsykbV½ dkuk ckVok ls ^ehfM;k foe'kZ* us ckr dhA is'k gS muls gqbZ ckrphr% xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa fiNys nl lkyksa esa fdl rjg ds O;kid ifjorZu ns[kus dks feys vkSj vkus okys o"kksaZ esa vkSj D;k ifjorZu ns[kus dks fey ldrs gSa\ xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa fiNys nl lky esa O;kid ifjorZu vk;k gSA dbZ lkyksa ls ,d gh <jsZ ij py jgh i=kdkfjrk u, fljs ls lkspus ds fy;s etcwj gks xbZA xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk iwjh rjg cny xbZ gSA o"kZ 2003 esa ^fnO; HkkLdj* ds ykap gksus ds lkFk ifjorZu dh vka/kh vkbZ vkSj lHkh U;wt isij us daVsaV] ys vkmV] lD;Zqys'ku vkSj ekdsZfVax vkfn esa ifjorZu fd;kA ysfdu Hkk"kk ds ekeys esa /;ku nsuk can gks x;k gSA i=kdkj Hkk"kk tkurs ugha gS vkSj laikndksa esa O;kdj.k ds Kku okys cgqr de cps gSaA ftl xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk us xqtjkrh Hkk"kk dks le`) cuk;k Fkk] ogh xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk Hkk"kk dks [kRe dj jgh gSA vkxkeh o"kksaZ esa cgqr dqN gksuk gSA daVsaV esa lq/kkj rks gksuk gh gS] lkFk esa lkekftd ljksdkj Hkh c<+sxkA Hkk"kk dks cpkus dk iz;kl i=kdkfjrk ugha djsxh rks Hkk"kk ds fMLVksjVs'ku ds fy, Hkh xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk gh ftEesokj gksxhA pV[kkjsnkj [kcjsa] luluh[kst 'kh"kZd] lcls igys dh gksM+] futh ftUnxh esa n[ky] ehfM;k Vªk;y] Nfo pedkus ;k /kwfey djus dh tcjnLr ekjkekjh ds tfj, lQyrk ikus dk tks ek;ktky Hkkjrh; ehfM;k esa jpk tk jgk gS] ml ij vkidk D;k dguk gS\ ;s lc phtsa bysDVªkWfud ehfM;k dh nsu gSA 24X7 ?kaVs pyrh [kcj dh rkdr tcjnLr gS vkSj blfy, mldk nq#i;ksx Hkh tcjnLr gks jgk gSA luluh dh vkM+ esa lPph vkSj vPNh [kcj nc tkrh gSA lcls igys dh gksM+ vkSj 24 ?kaVs [kcj dh Hkw[k dks feVkus ds fy, futh ftanxh esa n[kyankth] ehfM;k Vªk;y vkfn dk lgkjk fy;k tkrk gSA ;s nw"k.k c<+sxk D;ksafd yksx bldk nq#i;ksx lh[k x, gSaA bysDVªkWfud ehfM;k /khjs&/khjs rkdroj rcds ds gkFk

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

dk f[kykSuk cu x;k gSA blls ehfM;k dh Nfo /kwfey gksxhA xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ds vge LraHk gleq[k xka/kh ds lkFk vkius dke fd;k gSA xka/kh us tks Økafrdkjh dk;Z fd;k oSlk dk;Z vc fdl Lrj ij gks jgk gS\ [kkldj Hkk"kk ,oa ,fMfVax ds ekeys esa\ gleq[k xka/kh u Hkwrks u Hkfo";fr gaSA xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ds os ;qxiq#"k vkSj ;qxizorZd FksA mUgksaus Hkk"kk ds tksjnkj] lgh bLrseky vkSj O;kdj.k ds –<+ vkxzg ls xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa u,

22 fiNys 50 lky esa xqtjkr dk fodkl gqvk gS] mlesa xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk dk lcls cM+k gkFk gSA xqtjkrh yksxksa dh lksp dks fn'kk xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk us nh gSA xqtjkfr;ksa dks xqtjkrh gksus dk xkSjo iznku fd;k gSA vkt dk xqtjkrh ;gka dh i=kdkfjrk ls x<+k x;k gSA

cpuk pkfg,A yksxksa dk fo'okl bl pkSFks LraHk ij ls de gks tk,xk rks i=kdkfjrk Hkh ,d dkjksckj gks tk,xhA xqtjkrh v[kckjksa dk ikBd oxZ fdl rjg ds lekpkj i<+us esa T;knk #fp j[krk gS vkSj fiNys ikap lky esa D;k ifjorZu ns[kus dks feys gaSA igys ikBd ds Åij [kcj Fkksih tkrh FkhA ikBd dh #fp dh ijokg ugha dh tk jgh FkhA vc ;g ifjorZu vk;k gS fd ikBd dks tks i<+uk gS oks nsus dh dksf'k'k dh tkrh gSA xqtjkrh ikBd oSf'od ikBd gSA Åijh :fp oSf'od gSA og lc i<+s fy[ks gSa vkSj mUgsa csgrj U;wt pkfg,A xqtjkr ds fodkl esa xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk fdl rjg Hkwfedk fuHkk jgh gS\ fiNys 50 lky esa xqtjkr dk fodkl gqvk gS] mlesa xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk dk lcls cM+k gkFk gSA xqtjkrh yksxksa dh lksp dks fn'kk xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk us nh gSA xqtjkfr;ksa dks xqtjkrh gksus dk xkSjo iznku fd;k gSA vkt dk xqtjkrh ;gka dh i=kdkfjrk ls x<+k x;k gSA q

izk.k Qwads FksA mUgksaus ftruk dke 20 lky esa fd;k mruk dke dbZ lkyksa rd ugha gks ik;k FkkA xqtjkrh ds iqjkus 'kCnksa] dgkorksa vkSj :<+ iz;ksxksa ls ysdj bafXy'k 'kCnksa dk csckd mi;ksx dj mUgksaus viuh 'kSyh cukbZ Fkh ftldh udy vkt Hkh dh tk jgh gSA [kcj dks flQZ ikBd dks /;ku esa j[kdj laiknu djuk vkSj rstkch gSMykbu nsus dk LVkby vHkh Hkh fdlh&fdlh i=kdkj laiknd esa thfor gSA isM U;wt ls ysdj isM baVjO;w rd---tSlk pkgs oSlh izLrqfr--i=kdkfjrk ds izfr tuekul ds Hkjksls ds rksM+us dk ;g dke i=kdkfjrk dks dgka ys tk,xk\ i=kdkfjrk esa tks dqN Hkh isM gS og lc O;kolk;hdj.k dh nsu gSA isM U;wt ,d nw"k.k gS vkSj gj lekpkji=k dks blls

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

lk{kkRdkj% MkW -egs'k ifjey lk{kkRdkjdrkZ& yksdsUnz flag

;gk¡ds v[kckjksa esa gS ^[kq'kcq xqtjkr* dh ofj"B i=kdkj ,oa ys[kd MkW- egs'k ifjey ls yksdsUnz flag dh ckrphr xqtjkrh i=kdkj fganh i=kdkjksa dh rjg ges'kk tw>rs gq, fn[kkbZ ugha nsrsA fganh ds i=kdkj ,d lkFk dbZ [kcjksa ij dke djrs gSaA ,d&,d [kcj ij dke djrs gSaA os izR;sd [kcj dks [kkl [kcj cukdj vius ikBdksa ds lkeus is'k djus ds fy, vuFkd ifjJe djrs gSaA ysfdu] xqtjkrh i=kdkj vke [kcjksa dks [kkl cukus ds bl la?k"kZ ls ugha xqtjrkA i=kdkfjrk dh fo'ks"krk gS fd os vius vrhr dks xq cgqtjkrhr mTToy crkrs gSaA mls vius vrhr ij xkSjo gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk yEcs le; rd ijEijkxr i=kdkfjrk dh ydhj ij gh pyrh jgh gSA ubZ lksp ds dqN v[kckjksa us tc xqtjkr dh /kjrh ij dne j[kk rks ijEijkoknh lekpkj&i=k vkSj if=kdkvksa us Hkh vaxM+kbZ yh gSA cgjgky] le; ds lkFk vk jgs cnykoksa ds chp xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa vkt Hkh lkSa/kh ^[kq'kcw xqtjkr* dh gh gSA xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk dks ysdj ofj"B i=kdkj ,oa ys[kd MkW- egs'k ifjey ls yEch ckrphr dk volj feykA uoEcj] 2013 esa nks fnu xqtjkr esa muds lkFk xqtkjus dk volj Hkh feyk] rc tkuk Fkk fd xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ij egs'k th dh iSuh utj gSA xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ij muls ckr djuk blfy, Hkh egRoiw.kZ gks tkrk gS] D;ksafd os Hkksiky esa jgdj fu;fer rkSj ij xqtjkrh v[kckjksa dk voyksdu djrs gSaA ljy vkSj lgt O;fäRo ds /kuh MkW- egs'k ifjey dk xqtjkrh] fgUnh] NÙkhlx<+h vkSj vaxzsth Hkk"kk ij iwjk vf/kdkj gSA mudh fdrkcsa ^fy[kks ikrh I;kj Hkjh*] ^vuns[kk lp* vkSj ^vjik dh xksn esa* dkQh pfpZr gSaA MkW- ifjey us crk;k fd xqtjkr dh i=kdkfjrk ijaijkoknh gSA xqtjkrh i=kdkjksa dh [kcj esa u rks jksekap gksrk gS vkSj u gh 'kCnksa dh tknwxjhA mudh [kcjksa esa u;siu dk iwjh rjg vHkko fn[krk gSA os vkfndky ls pyh vk jgh ijaijkvksa ds Hkhrj jgdj gh viuk dke djrs gSaA xqtjkrh leqnk; ij i=kdkfjrk dk fdruk xgjk vlj gS] bl laca/k esa mUgksaus ,d okd;k crk;kA os crkrs gSa fd veweu xqtjkrh ^vkradoknh* 'kCn dks ^vkardoknh* dgrs gSaA njvly]

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

bldh otg ;g gS fd ,d ckj xqtjkr ds iqjkus vkSj izfrf"Br v[kckj us vkradoknh dks vkardoknh fy[k fn;kA fQj D;k Fkk] xqtjkfr;ksa dh tcku ij ;gh 'kCn p<+ x;kA vkt Hkh ogka dbZ yksx vkradoknh dks vkardoknh cksyrs gSaA Hkys gh ogka vkradoknh fy[kk gks] ysfdu os mls i<+saxs] vkardoknh ghA xqtjkrh Hkk"kk ds izeq[k v[kckjksa dh lkexzh fdl rjg dh jgrh gS\ bl loky ds tokc esa Hkk"kkfoKkuh MkW- egs'k ifjey dgrs gSa fd ijEijkxr ydhj ij pyus ds dkj.k T;knkrj xqtjkrh v[kckj daVsaV ds lkFk T;knk iz;ksx ugha djrs gSaA ^fnO; HkkLdj* dks NksM+dj nwljs v[kckj dkQh ihNs gSaA gka] ,dne u;s v[kckj ^uo xqtjkr le;* us dqN u;k djus dk lkgl fd;k gSA og Hkh blfy,] D;ksafd mldh 90 izfr'kr Vhe fnO; HkkLdj dh gSA laiknd lesr lHkh us HkkLdj ls tks dqN lh[kk] mls gh os vc ubZ lksp ds lkFk izLrqr dj jgs gSaA 'ks"k v[kckj dHkh&dHkh vius gksus

24 dk vglkl vo'; djkrs gSaA mUgksaus crk;k fd if=kdk,a fuf'pr :i ls dqN u;k djuk pkgrh gSa] ysfdu izca/ku ds dkj.k mlesa yxkrkj u;kiu ugha jgrkA os vkxs crkrs gSa fd lkfgR; dh n`f"V ls ns[ksa rks xqtjkrh lekpkj i=k&if=kdk,a dkQh le`) gSaA xqtjkrh lkfgR; cgqr gh foiqy gSA xqtjkr dh lkfgR; lEink ij xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk vkSj tuekul dks xoZ Hkh gSA vius lkfgR; dks mUgksaus fojklr ekuk gSA xqtjkrh ikBdksa dh #fp Hkh [kcjksa esa de] vkys[k ;k lkfgfR;d lkexzh esa vf/kd jgrh gSA ;gh dkj.k gS fd ;gka fu;fer v[kckj ls dgha vf/kd mlds lkIrkfgd fo'ks"kkad dh izrh{kk ikBdksa dks jgrh gSA vkidks tkudj vk'p;Z gksxk fd cq/kokj dks vkus okys lkIrkfgd fo'ks"kkad 16 ls 20 i`"B ds gksrs gSaA buesa djhc 40 LrEHkdkj fofo/k vkys[k rS;kj djrs gSaA gjsd fo"k; ds vkys[k gksrs gSaA vk/kqfud foKku] v/;kRe] /keZ] iqjkrRo] LokLF;] lsDl vkfn ij dsafnzr vkys[kksa dks [kwc LFkku fn;k tkrk gSA 'kfuokj dk fo'ks"kkad fQYeksa ij dsafnzr gksrk gSA blds vykok jkst ds v[kckj esa Hkh nks&rhu dkWye ,sls gksrs gh gSa] tks iBuh; gksaA mUgksaus crk;k fd ftl rjg ls dgk tkrk Fkk fd ^ubZnqfu;k* ds i=k dkWye esa tks ugha Nik] og ekyok dk lkfgR;dkj ;k i=kdkj gks gh ugha ldrkA Bhd blh rjg xqtjkr dk tks ikBd v[kckj ds lkIrkfgd fo'ks"kkad dks ugha i<+rk] og lPps :i esa ikBd gks gh ugha ldrkA blfy, ikBdksa dks v[kckj ls dgha vf/kd izrh{kk mlds lkIrkfgd fo'ks"kkad dh gksrh gSA bls os viuh Hkk"kk esa ^iwfrZ* dgrs gSaA blhfy, ogka i=kdkjksa ls vf/kd bTtr LraHkdkjksa dh gksrh gSA LraHkdkjksa dk tqM+ko ikBdksa ls vf/kd gksrk gSA blh ijEijk ds dkj.k ogka lkfgR;dkjksa vkSj i=kdkjksa esa ijLij lEeku ns[kk tkrk gSA xqtjkrh vkSj fgUnh i=kdkfjrk ds varj dks le>kus ds fy, egs'k ifjey us crk;k fd xqtjkrh i=kdkj] fganh i=kdkjksa dh rjg ges'kk tw>rs gq, fn[kkbZ ugha nsrsA fganh ds i=kdkj ,d lkFk dbZ [kcjksa ij dke djrs gSaA ,d&,d [kcj ij dke djrs gSaA os izR;sd [kcj dks [kkl [kcj cukdj vius ikBdksa ds lkeus is'k djus ds fy, vuFkd ifjJe djrs gSaA ysfdu] xqtjkrh i=kdkj vke [kcjksa dks [kkl cukus ds bl la?k"kZ ls ugha xqtjrkA T;knkrj xqtjkrh i=kdkj ,d gh [kcj ij esgur djrs gSa vkSj mlh [kcj ij mudk Qksdl gksrk gSA nwljk varj mUgksaus ;g crk;k fd fgUnh dk i=kdkj vius ikBdksa ls T;knk tqM+k jgrk gSA ikBdksa ls fgUnh ds i=kdkjksa dk lh/kk laokn jgrk gSA blds lkFk gh fgUnh ds v[kckj [kcjksa ds VsLV ls ysdj ys&vkmV

xqtjkr dk tks ikBd v[kckj ds lkIrkfgd fo'ks"kkad dks ugha i<+rk] og lPps :i esa ikBd gks gh ugha ldrkA blfy, ikBdksa dks v[kckj ls dgha vf/kd izrh{kk mlds lkIrkfgd fo'ks"kkad dh gksrh gSA bls os viuh Hkk"kk esa ^iwfrZ* dgrs gSaA blhfy, ogka i=kdkjksa ls vf/kd bTtr LraHkdkjksa dh gksrh gSA LraHkdkjksa dk tqM+ko ikBdksa ls vf/kd gksrk gSA rd dke dj jgs gSaA i=kdkfjrk esa vk, cnyko vkSj yksxksa dh #fp dks xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk dh vis{kk fgUnh i=kdkfjrk us igys idM+ fy;kA blh Øe esa muls vxyk iz'u FkkA Xykscykbts'ku ds vkus ds ckn ls fgUnh i=kdkfjrk esa vkewypwy ifjorZu vk;k gSA ;g ifjorZu daVsaV ls ysdj lekpkj ek/;eksa ¼lekpkj i=k] if=kdk½ ds :i&jax esa Hkh vk;k gSA xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ij Hkh Xykscykbts'ku dk izHkko fn[k jgk gS ;k ugha\ vkSj ifjorZu fn[k jgk gS rks vki mls fdl rjg ns[krs gSa\ blds tokc esa Jh ifjey dgrs gSa fd [kcjksa ij de fdarq foKkiu esa vo'; Xykscykbts'ku dk izHkko fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA v[kckj foKkiuksa dks vkd"kZd cukus ds fy, ifjJe dj ysrs gSa] ij [kcjksa ds ckjs esa ,slk ugha dgk tk ldrkA dqN v[kckjksa ds fons'kh laLdj.k Hkh gSa] rks mudk Xykscykbts'ku dsoy fons'kh laLdj.kksa esa gh fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA ,d ckr ;g ns[kus esa vkbZ fd fons'kksa esa jgus okys xqtjkfr;ksa ij v[kckj okyksa dh fo'ks"k n`f"V gksrh gSA dgha Hkh] fdlh Hkh xqtjkrh ifjokj ij foifÙk vkbZ ;k xqtjkrh ifjokj dk dksbZ lnL; fdlh vijk/k esa 'kkfey gks x;k] rks ogka ds xqtjkrh gh v[kckjksa dks bldh tkudkjh nsrs gSaA ftls v[kckj okys fo'ks"k :i ls ifjJe dj ml [kcj dks gkbZykbV djrs gSaA xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ds Hkfo"; ds laca/k esa fd, x, loky ds tokc esa MkW- egs'k ifjey us crk;k fd vc cnyko fn[kkbZ nsus yxk gSA i=kdkj Hkh ikBdksa ds lkFk&lkFk ftKklq gksus yxs gSaA os Hkh ns'k&nqfu;k ds ckjs esa vf/kd ls vf/kd tkuuk pkgrs gSaA ikBdksa dks vrhr ls tksM+dj Hkh ns[kus yxs gSaA vrhr ij vkt Hkh dbZ i=kdkjksa ds ikl csgrj dysD'ku gSaA Hkys gh og rLohjksa ds ek/;e ls gksaA ij tc dHkh v[kckj dks xqtjkr ds vrhr ds ckjs esa tkuuk gks] rks cqtqxksaZ ls ;k fnoaxr lkfgR;dkjksa dh fdrkcksa ls lkexzh ysus yxs gSaA ;g rks xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk dh lcls cM+h fo'ks"krk gS fd os vius vrhr dks cgqr gh vf/kd mTToy crkrs gSaA muds fy, mudk vrhr xkSjo'kkyh gSA vc xqtjkr ds v[kckjksa esa ubZ psruk tkxzr gqbZ gSA fuf'pr gh xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk yhd ls gVdj le; ds lkFk vkxs c<+sxhA q

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

lk{kkRdkj% vk'kh"k tks'kh

lkr leanj ikj Hkh yksdfiz;rk cjdjkj% tks'kh ofj"B Vhoh i=kdkj vk'kh"k tks'kh ls ehfM;k foe'kZ dh ckrphr vkt ds nkSj esa vc ;g QdZ dj ikuk fd fdl Hkk"kk dh i=kdkfjrk fdl vk/kkj ij vyx gS] FkksM+k eqf'dy Hkh gSA xqtjkr dh [kcj gksxh rks og fganh pSuy Hkh fn[kk,axs vkSj vesfjdk dh [kcj gksxh rks og xqtjkrh pSuy Hkh fn[kk,axsA QdZ flQZ bl ckr dk gks ldrk gS fd dkSu fdl [kcj dks fdruk fn[kk,xkA

'k ds cM+s vkSj izfrf"Br U;wt pSuy th U;wt vkSj vkbZch,u&7 ds izfrfuf/k ds rkSj ij vkius xqtjkr esa yEck oä xqtkjk gSA fgUnh pSuy ds fy, [kcjsa [kkstrs&[kkstrs xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk dks fuf'pr gh vkius csgn utnhd ls ns[kk gksxkA xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ds ckjs esa dqN crkb,A nsf[k,] Hkkjr ds jktuhfrd ekufp=k ij xqtjkr Hkys gh 1 ebZ] 1960 esa mHkjk] tc Hkk"kk;h vk/kkj ij bl jkT; dk xBu gqvkA ysfdu Hkk"kk;h i=kdkfjrk esa xqtjkrh dk mn; cgqr igys gh gks pqdk FkkA ;wa dgsa fd vktknh dh tax ds lkFk ghA 2013 esa gh ,d e'kgwj xqtjkrh v[kckj ^xqtjkr fe=k* us Ms<+ lkS cjl iwjs fd, gSa vkSj 'kk;n de yksx gh ;s tkurs gksaxs fd nqfu;k Hkj ds mu 6 nSfud v[kckjksa esa tks fiNys lkS cjlksa ;k fQj mlls T;knk ls py jgs gSa] 2 xqtjkrh ds v[kckj gSa& ^xqtjkr fe=k* vkSj ^eqacbZ lekpkj*A bruk gh ugha] xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk dh lcls [kkl ckr rks ;s gS fd gj dky[kaM esa blus ,d ubZ felky dk;e dh gSA 1930 ds n'kd esa] tc Hkkjr esa Lora=krk laxzke py jgk Fkk] rc xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk vktknh dh yM+kbZ yM+ jgh Fkh] rc ns'k esa igyh ckj VªLV ds tfj, v[kckjksa dk izdk'ku gqvkA dbZ v[kckj fudkys x,A ,d e'kgwj xka/khoknh gq, Fks ml nkSj esa& ve`ryky 'ksBA mUgksaus gh lkSjk"VªVªLV cuk;kA ml lkSjk"VªVªLV dh Hkh dgkuh cM+h vn~Hkqr gSA vÝhdk esa jgus okys Hkkjrh;ksa us xka/kh th ds lg;ksx ds fy, dqN jkf'k bdëk djds Hksth FkhA ml oä ;s jkf'k Fkh 46 gtkj #i;sA rc ds fglkc ls ;s cgqr T;knk FkhA bUgha #i;ksa ls lkSjk"Vª VªLV cuk vkSj lwjr ls izrki] jktdksV ls QwyNkc] dPN ls dPNfe=k tSls dbZ v[kckj bl VªLV us 'kq: fd,A ^dPNfe=k* rks

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

vkt Hkh xqtjkr ds dPN bykds dk lcls e'kgwj v[kckj gSA vktknh ds ml nkSj esa ve`ryky 'ksB us ns'k dks [kksth i=kdkfjrk Hkh fl[kkbZ FkhA 1944 esa xka/kh&ftUuk ds [kr vkSj lqHkk"kpanz cksl dh Mk;jh ds iUuksa dk Niuk ml oä dk lcls cM+k rgydk FkkA bruk gh ugha] 1949 esa O;kikj uke dh ,d lkIrkfgd fctusl

26 if=kdk izdkf'kr gqbZ FkhA ;s ns'k dk igyk fctusl ifCyds'ku FkkA ckr vxj vk/kqfud dky dh djsa rks xqtjkr ds vfLrRo esa vkus ds ckn 1967 ls 1969 ds chp xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ns'k ds rRdkyhu nks cM+s usrkvksa bafnjk xka/kh vkSj eksjkjth nslkbZ ds chp dh tksj&vktekbZ'k ds fy, cSVy xzkmaM Hkh cuhA 1969 esa xqtjkr esa lcls Hk;adj lkaiznkf;d naxs gq,A xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk us mu naxksa ij fjiksfVaZx dhA vkt dh ge ckr djsa rks xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk u dsoy jkT; cfYd jkT; ls ckgj eqacbZ vkSj rks vkSj lkr leanj ikj vesfjdk rd esa uk dsoy csgn yksdfiz; gS cfYd csgn izHkkoh Hkh gSA vc bu lcdks ns[krs gq, vxj ge ;s dgsa fd xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk us ns'k dh i=kdkfjrk dks fctusl ekWMy ls ysdj laikndh; le> rd iznku dh gS] rks dksbZ vfr';ksfä ugha gksxhA O;kolkf;drk dk vlj fdl rjg xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ij iM+ jgk gS ;k ugha iM+ jgk gS\ le; ds lkFk xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa fdl rjg ds cnyko ns[kus dks feys\ xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk us oä ds lkFk&lkFk pyus vkSj bl nkSM+ esa [kqn dks LFkkfir j[kus dh ,d csgrjhu felky is'k dh gSA nqfu;k Hkj esa i=kdkfjrk dk Lo:i] mlds ek;us cny jgs gSa vkSj xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk Hkh le; ds lkFk cny jgh gSA vk/kqfud rduhd] fMtkbu vkSj ys&vkmV dk vlj Hkh xqtjkrh v[kckjksa ij ns[kk tk ldrk gSA tSls jktdksV ls izdkf'kr gksus okys lka/; nSfud vfdyk ds lkr ?kaVs ls Hkh de le; esa lkr laLdj.k fudyrs gSaA ;s lj gsjkYM eSF;w bokal ds fy, Hkh dsl LVMh gSA ^n VkbEl* ds bl iwoZ laiknd us 5 okWY;we esa U;wt isij ,MhfVax vkSj fMtkbu ij fy[kk gSA bl iqLrd dks U;wt isij fMtkbu dh csgn mEnk iqLrd ekuk tkrk gSA vdhyk dh rjg gh vU; xqtjkrh i=kksa us uk dsoy viuk nk;jk c<+kus ds fy, vius laLdj.k c<+k, gSa cfYd u;s dysoj ds lkFk ikBdksa dks vkdf"kZr djus ds fy, u;s uqL[ks Hkh vktek, gaSA ckr vxj le; ds lkFk c<+rs U;wt pSuyksa dh djsa rks

vkt dbZ ehfM;k ?kjkuksa us viuk xqtjkrh dk vyx pSuy pykuk 'kq: dj fn;k gSA buesa ls dbZ rks yksxksa ds chp dkQh yksdfiz; Hkh gSaA vkSj vxj vki xkSj djsaxs rks vkidks bu xqtjkrh U;wt pSuyksa vkSj v[kckjksa esa uk [kcjksa esa dksbZ deh fn[ksxh vkSj uk gh buesa foKkiuksa dh dksbZ deh gSA eryc lkQ gS fd xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk [kcjksa esa Hkh vkxs c<+ jgh gS vkSj O;kolkf;drk esa HkhA xqtjkrh v[kckjksa vkSj U;wt pSuYl dh fn'kk vkSj n'kk ij izdk'k Mkfy,A nsf[k,] oukZdqyj i=kdkfjrk dh ,d lcls [kkl ckr ;g gksrh gS fd og viuh Hkk"kk ds yksxksa dks lgt gh cka/k ysrh gSA bl fygkt ls xqtjkrh v[kckjksa ,oa U;wt pSuYl us Hkh vius vki dks cM+h etcwrh ds lkFk LFkkfir fd;k gSA Xykscykbts'ku ds bl nkSj esa [kcjksa dk izokg rks gj ehfM;k ?kjkus esa ,d&lk gh gksrk gSA fQj pkgs oks fganh gks] vaxzsth gks ;k fQj xqtjkrhA xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ds lkFk ,d [kkl la;ksx ;g Hkh gS fd ftrus yksx blls ns'k esa tqM+s gSa] mrus gh yksx blls fons'kksa esa Hkh tqM+s gSaA xqtjkr ds yk[kksa yksx vyx&vyx txgksa ij jgrs gSaA blhfy, xqtjkrh v[kckjksa vkSj U;wt pSuyksa esa jktuhfrd] lkekftd vkSj lkaLd`frd ljksdkjksa ds lkFk gh buesa lkr leanj ikj gksus okys ?kVukØeksa ds dojst ij T;knk tksj gksrk gSA ;g lp gS fd 'kq#vkrh nkSj esa xqtjkrh U;wt pSuyksa dks iSj tekus esa FkksM+k la?k"kZ djuk iM+kA dqN U;wt pSuy can Hkh gks x,A ysfdu oä ds lkFk&lkFk xqtjkrh U;wt pSuyksa us [kcjksa dks ysdj jk"Vªh; Lrj ij ,slh izfrLi/kkZ nh fd yksxksa dks budk yksgk ekuuk iM+kA vkt djhc lkr U;wt pSuYl gSa tks vPNk izn'kZu dj jgs gSaA xqtjkrh vkSj fgUnh i=kdkfjrk esa vkidks D;k cM+s varj /;ku vk,\ oSls rks xqtjkrh vkSj fgUnh i=kdkfjrk esa lkfgR;]

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27 xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk u dsoy jkT; cfYd jkT; ls ckgj eqacbZ vkSj rks vkSj lkr leanj ikj vesfjdk rd esa uk dsoy csgn yksdfiz; gS cfYd csgn izHkkoh Hkh gSA vc bu lcdks ns[krs gq, vxj ge ;s dgsa fd xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk us ns'k dh i=kdkfjrk dks fctusl ekWMy ls ysdj laikndh; le> rd iznku dh gS] rks dksbZ vfr'k;ksfä ugha gksxhA jktuhfr] laLd`fr] /kkfeZd] lkekftd dojst dks ysdj dkQh lekurk gS ysfdu xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa vFkZ ;kuh O;kikfjd {ks=k dks T;knk vgfe;r feyrh gSA bldh cM+h otg xqtjkfr;ksa dh m|e'khyrk gSA xqtjkrh ukSdjh ls T;knk viuk dqN djus esa Hkjkslk djrs gSaA xqtjkfr;ksa dh vkfFkZd {ks=k esa #fp dh otg ls gh ns'k dk igyk fctusl ifCyds'ku 1949 esa ^O;kikj* xqtjkrh esa gh izdkf'kr gqvk tks vc fgUnh esa Hkh gSA blds vykok i;ZVu Hkh xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa ,d LFkk;h Qhpj gSA gkykafd] vkt ds nkSj esa vc ;g QdZ dj ikuk fd fdl Hkk"kk dh i=kdkfjrk fdl vk/kkj ij vyx gS] FkksM+k eqf'dy Hkh gSA xqtjkr dh [kcj gksxh rks og fganh pSuy Hkh fn[kk,axs vkSj vesfjdk dh [kcj gksxh rks og xqtjkrh pSuy Hkh fn[kk,axsA QdZ flQZ bl ckr dk gks ldrk gS fd dkSu fdl [kcj dks fdruk fn[kk,xkA og ,d laikndh; fu.kZ; gksrk gS tks gj ehfM;k ?kjkus dk viuk gksrk gSA xqtjkr naxksa ds nkSjku vki xqtjkr esa gh FksA vkius xks/kjk esa Vªsu tyk, tkus dh ?kVuk ds ckn ls xqtjkr ds ty tkus rd ds ?kVukØe dks csgn utnhd ls fgUnh ehfM;k ds fy, doj fd;kA bl iwjs ekeys ds dojst esa fgUnh vkSj xqtjkrh ehfM;k ds n`f"Vdks.k esa dksbZ varj utj vk;k D;k\ vkSj varj Fkk rks fdl rjg dk\ th gka] vc bls esjk lkSHkkX; dfg, ;k fQj esjk nqHkkZX; fd xks/kjk gknls dh Vsyhfotu ds ek/;e ls nqfu;k dks igyh tkudkjh nsus dk ekSdk eq>s gh feykA xks/kjk vkSj xks/kjk ds ckn ds ?kVukØeksa dh dojst dks ns[ksa rks fganh vkSj xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa varj lkQ >ydrk gSA xqtjkrh ehfM;k us vius ikBd oxZ dks ns[krs gq, bls cgqla[;d oxZ ds p'es ls ns[kkA fgUnh ehfM;k dh ckr djsa rks bldk T;knk izHkko rks ugha Fkk] fQj Hkh blus larqyu cukus dk iz;kl fd;kA ysfdu vaxzsth i=kdkfjrk lp ds lkFk U;k; djrh ugha fn[khA dqy feykdj dgsa rks xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ml nkSj esa rF;ksa ls T;knk Hkkoukvksa ds Tokj esa T;knk cgrh fn[kh FkhA gkykafd bls vki xqtjkr ds yksxksa dh vfHkO;fä Hkh dg ldrs gSaA fganh vkSj xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa oks QdZ flQZ blfy, Fkk fd

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fganh i=kdkfjrk ml oä ns'k Hkj dh izfrfØ;k ds vk/kkj ij dke dj jgh Fkh vkSj xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk xqtjkr ds yksxksa dh izfrfØ;k ds vk/kkj ij dke dj jgh FkhA xqtjkrh ds dqN cM+s vkSj izHkko'kkyh lekpkj i=k] if=kdkvksa vkSj U;wt pSuYl ds ckjs esa dqN crkb,A nsf[k,] ns'k esa ftl txg ls i=kdkfjrk 'kq: gqbZ] mlds ckjs esa crkuk oSlk gh gS] tSls dksbZ lwjt dks nh;k fn[kk,A vkt Hkh xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk csgn laiUu gSA fQj pkgs v[kckj gksa ;k fQj U;wt pSuYlA ns'k ds lcls iqjkus v[kckj okyh xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa vkt ds cM+s uke gS xqtjkr lekpkj] lans'k vkSj fnO; HkkLdjA vius vusd laLdj.kksa ds lkFk ;s rhuksa v[kckj vius fizUV vkSj osc laLdj.k ds lkFk iwjh nqfu;k esa yksdfiz; gaSA xqtjkr lekpkj vkSj lans'k rks dbZ n'kdksa rd igys vkSj nwljs uacj ds v[kckj jgs gSaA xqtjkr lekpkj ds izHkko dks bl rF; ls le>k tk ldrk gS fd yacs le; rd blesa foKkiu izca/kd ;kuh foKkiu ykus okys ugha Fks ;kuh foKkiunkrk [kqn pydj vkrs FksA 2003 esa nSfud HkkLdj lewg ds fnO; HkkLdj us xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa nLrd nh vkSj de le; esa viuk tcjnLr izHkko tek;kA ckr xqtjkrh U;wt pSuYl dh djsa rks 'kq#vkr esa ;s iz;ksx foQy jgkA ysfdu fQj fiNys lkr lky esa dbZ pSuYl n'kZdksa ds chp viuh iSB cukus esa dke;kc jgs gSaA vkt Vhoh&9] bZVhoh] th,l Vhoh] lans'k U;wt] ohVhoh] Vhoh 18 lewg ds fctusl pSuy lh,uchlh cktkj ds lkFk gh vU; dbZ pSuy yksdfiz; gSaA xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ds Hkfo"; dks vki fdl rjg ns[krs gSa\ vius laiUu vkSj f'kf{kr ikBd oxZ] n{k lekpkj p;u {kerk] csgrj dscy vkSj baVjusV dusDVhfoVh ds dkj.k xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ds fizaV] bysDVªkWfud vkSj osc rhuksa ek/;eksa ds foLrkj dh vikj laHkkouk,a gaSA vU; Hkk"kkvksa dh rqyuk esa xqtjkrh yksxksa esa i<+us dh vknr vPNh gSA fygktk O;kolkf;drk ds bl nkSj esa Hkh xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ds foLrkj vkSj vkxs c<+us dh tcjnLr {kerk gSA q

Cover Story Prof. V. S. Gupta

Mahatma Gandhi And Mass Media Gandhi was associated with six journals, for two of which he was the editor. His first paper, 'Indian Opinion' was started in South Africa. In order to ventilate the grievances of Indians and mobilize public opinion in their favour, Gandhi started writing and giving interviews to newspapers ,He focused on open letters and Letters to Editor, but soon realized that occasional writings and the hospitality of newspapers were inadequate for the political campaign he had launched. oday, when the contemporary media scenario bristles with unheard of turmoilinvestigative journalism- through all means fair and foul; over-riding role of market forces in the media wherein the "advertorial" and "response" and "response features" edge out editorials, and when the media is trying to project the celebrities and models as the icons of modern society, it would be worth while to revisit Mahatma Gandhi's philosophy and canon of journalism and his contribution as a journalist. According to Chalapathi Raju, himself an eminent editor, Gandhi was probably the greatest journalist of all time, and the weeklies he ran and edited were probably the greatest weeklies the world has known. He published no advertisement; at the same time he did not want his newspapers to run at a loss. He had gained considerable experience in South Africa, where he had taken over in1904 the editorship of the 'Indian Opinion' and published it in English, Tamil and Gujarati, sometimes running the press himself. 'Young India' and 'Harijan' became powerful vehicles of his views on all subjects. He wrote on all subjects. He wrote simply and clearly but forcefully, with passion and burning indignation. One of the objects of a newspaper, he said. is to understand the popular feeling and give expression to it; another is to arouse among the people certain desirable sentiments, and the third is fearlessly to expose popular defects. Gandhi's papers published no advertisements. They enjoyed wide circulation. His approach to journalism was totally devoid of ambitions. To him it was not a vocation to earn his livelihood; it was a means to serve the public. In the 'Young India' of 2 July 1925, he wrote: "I have taken up journalism not for its sake but merely as

an aid to what I have conceived to be my mission in life. My mission is to teach by example and present under severe restraint the use of the matchless weapon of satyagraha which is a direct corollary of nonviolence." Gandhi looked upon journalism as a means to serve the people. He said in his autobiography: "The sole aim of journalism should be service. The newspaper is a great power, but just as an unchained torrent of water submerges whole countryside and devastates crops, even so an uncontrolled pen serves but to destroy. If the control is from without, it proves more poisonous than want of control. It can be profitable only when exercised from within. If this line of reasoning is correct, how many journals of the world would stand the test? But who would stop those that are useless? and who should be the judge? The useful and the useless must, like good and evil. go on together, and man must make his choice.

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29 Gandhi- The Great Communicator and Journalist Apart from being a national leader and s o c i a l r e f o r m e r, G a n d h i w a s a g r e a t communicator. More than any one else, he recognized that communication is the most effective tool to shape opinion and mobilize popular support. He was successful because he had a latent skill in communication that surfaced in South Africa where he had gone initially to set up practice as a lawyer. The practice of communication started by him in South Africa gave him the clue to rally millions of his countrymen when he returned to India. Gandhi was associated with six journals, for two of which he was the editor. His first paper, 'Indian Opinion' was started in South Africa. In order to ventilate the grievances of Indians and mobilize public opinion in their favour, Gandhi started writing and giving interviews to newspapers ,He focused on open letters and Letters to Editor, but soon realized that occasional writings and the hospitality of newspapers were inadequate for the political campaign he had launched. He needed a mouthpiece to reach out to the people; so in June 1903 he launched Indian Opinion. It served the purpose of a weekly newsletter which disseminated the news of the week among the Indian community. It became an important instrument of education. Through the columns of the newspaper Gandhi tried to educate the readers about sanitation, self-discipline and good citizenship. How important the journal was to Gandhi is seen from his own statement in his biography, My Experiments with Truth: 'Indian Opinion... was a part of my life. Week after week I poured out my soul in its columns and expounded the principles and practice of satyagraha as I understood it. During 10 years, that is until 1914, excepting the intervals of my enforced rest in prison there was hardly an issue of 'Indian Opinion' without an article from me. I cannot recall a word in these articles set down without thought or deliberation or word of conscious exaggeration, or anything merely to please. Indeed the journal became for me a training in self restraint and for friends a medium through which to keep in touch with my thoughts." The critics found very little to which they could object. In fact, the tone of 'Indian Opinion' compelled the critics to put a curb on his palm.

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Gandhi launched Satyagraha against the Rowlatt Act and the massacre in Jallianwala Bagh. He learnt in South Africa how important the press and public opinion could be in politics and had taught himself how to use the written word most effectively.

Freedom of the press is a precious privilege that no country can forgo. - M. K. Gandhi The two journals 'Young India' and 'Navjivan' were used by him to ventilate his views and to educated the public on Satyagraha . In 1933 Gandhi started 'Harijan', 'Harijanbandhu', 'Harijansevak' in English, Gujarati and Hindi, respectively. These newspapers were the vehicles of his crusade against untouchability and poverty in rural areas. These papers published no advertisements even then they enjoyed wide circulation. His note of defiance and sacrifice gave a new stimulus to the evolution of press as a weapon of satyagraha.

Gandhi and Role of Newspapers It will be pertinent to point out as to what Mahatma Gandhi considered to be the role of newspapers. He wrote: In my humble opinion, it is wrong to use a newspaper as a means of earning a living. There are certain spheres of work which are of such consequence and have such bearing on public welfare that to undertake them for earning one's livelihood will defeat the primary aim behind them. When, further a newspaper is treated as a means of making profits, the result is likely to be serious malpractices. It is not necessary to prove to those who have some experience of journalism that such malpractices do prevail on a large scale. He was of the opinion, 'Newspapers are meant primarily to educate the people. They make the

30 latter familiar with contemporary history. This is a work of no mean responsibility. It is a fact, however, that readers cannot always trust newspapers. Often facts are found to be quite the opposite of what has been reported. If newspapers realized that it was their duty to educate the people, they could not but wait to check a report before publishing it. It is true that often they have to work under difficult conditions. They have to sift the true from the false in a short time and can only guess at the truth. Even then, I am of the opinion that it is better not to publish a report at all if it ahs not been found possible to verify it.' The eminent journalist and freedom fighter Salien Chatterjee who covered Mahatma Gandhi, his actions and programmes for a number of years died a few months back. In an article, 'Reporting Mahatma', he had written for the special issue of Vidura on, Gandhi as a Journalist, (Jan-March, 1998) he said: "I joined journalism in 1942. Reporting Mahatma Gandhi and my tours with him were the best and most memorable period of my journalistic career. Gandhi himself was a journalist. During my tours with him, he often told me how he worked day and night to produce his journal 'Indian Opinion' in Natal, South Africa. He described 'Indian Opinion' as the most useful weapon in his struggle in South Africa. He always stressed the importance of newspapers in educating the people. Gandhi always believed and always emphasized that the sole aim of journalism should be service, service of the people and the country. In 'Young India' Gandhi once gave a glimpse of the exacting code he ad set up for himself. "To be true to my faith, I may not write in anger or malice. I may not write idly. I may not write merely to excite passion. The reader can have no idea of the restraint I have to exercise from week to week in the choice of topics and my vocabulary. It is training for me. It enables me to peek into myself and to make discoveries of my weaknesses. Often my vanity dictates a smart expression or my anger a harsh adjective. It is a terrible ordeal but a fine exercise to remove these weeds."

Gandhi's canons of Journalism Gandhi had been frequently writing on various aspects of journalism. To him editorial

independence, adherence to truth and selfrestraints were the three over riding considerations for journalism. In his message for the editor of the newspaper, 'The Independence', on 30 January 1919, he wrote: In wishing you success in your new enterprise, I would like to say how I hope your writings would be worthy of the title you have chosen for your journal; and may I further hope that to a robust of independence you will add an equal measure of self-restraint and the strictest adherence to truth? Too often in our journals as in others do we get fiction instead of fact and declamation in place of sober reasoning. You would make 'The Independence' a power in the land and a means of education for the people by avoiding the errors I have drawn attention to.

Newspapers and Advertising On receiving Advertisement support for running a newspaper Mahatma Gandhi wrote: It is now an established practice with newspapers to depend for revenues mainly on advertisements rather than on subscriptions. The result has been deplorable. The very newspaper which writes against the drink evil publishes advertisements in praise of drinks. In the same issue, we read of the harmful effects of tobacco as also from where to but it. Or we shall find the same issue of a paper carrying a long advertisement for a certain play and denouncing that play as well. Medical advertisements are the largest source of revenue though they have done, and are still doing incalculable harm to the people. These medical advertisements almost wholly offset the services rendered by the newspapers. I have been eyewitness to the harm done by them. Many people are lured into buying harmful medicines. Many of these promote immorality. Such advertisements find a place even in papers run to further the cause of religion. This practice has come entirely from the West. No matter at what cost or effort we must put an end to this undesirable practice or at least reform. It is the duty of every newspaper to exercise some restraint in the matter of advertisements.

The sole aim of journalism should be service.- M. K. Gandhi Today, when there is widespread concern over the growing influence of market forces on

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31 media, and regret over journalism being no longer a social service, Gandhi's views on values of journalism bring to bear on the profession of journalism the force of ethics and morality. In this context he had said, 'It is often observed that newspapers published any matter that they have, just to fill in space. The reason is that most newspapers have their eyes on profits...... There are newspapers in the west which are so full of trash that it will be a sin even to touch them. At times, they produce bitterness and strife even between different families and communities. Thus, newspapers cannot escape criticism merely because they serve the people.' The true function of journalism is to educate the public mind, not to stock it with wanted and unwanted impressions. M. K. Gandhi

Gandhi and Radio The first and only time Gandhi visited the Broadcasting house, Delhi was on 12 November,1947, the Diwali Day. He arrived at the Broadcasting House accompanied by Rajkumari Amrit Kaur. A report on this event published in the issue of' 'The Indian Listener' of 22 February,1948, after Gandhi's death, said: "A special studio was fitted with the 'takhposh' (low wooden settee) which was daily used by him for his prayer meeting addresses at Birla House, Appropriately, the prayer meeting atmosphere was created in the studio....... Gandhi was at first shy of the radio and it was after much persuasion that he agreed to broadcast from the studios of AIR........ but the moment he reached the studio he owned this impersonal instrument as his own and said: "This is a miraculous power. I see 'shakti', the miraculous power of God". According to the 'Hindustan Times' of 13th November, "He spoke for 20 minutes and his voice was exceptionally clear. His message was followed by recorded music of Vande Materam" The news of Gandhi's assassination on the evening of January 30, which had spread like wild fire in Delhi was flashed by foreign correspondents and news agencies all over the world within minutes. That evening at 8-30 p.m. Prime Minister, Nehru whom Gandhi had called his heir in the freedom struggle, broadcast from the Delhi station a very moving talk which began with the oft quoted words: "A light has gone out of our lives". Others who broadcast later were Sardar Patel, Sarojini Naidu and numerous leaders and prominent

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personalities from all walks of life. Lord Mountbatten came to the Delhi station on 12 February to pay his homage in a broadcast talk. On the day of the funeral, Melville De Mellow gave the marathon, almost ten hour long commentary, which in its moving description of the crowds and the procession as it inched its way with millions of people lining the route to the place chosen for the last rites on the bank of the river Yamuna, seemed to articulate the whole nation's grief and homage. It was a classic of broadcasting at its best, and established De Mellow's fame as an outstanding commentator. It was De Mellow who described the last anguished moments of the funeral ceremony before returning to the studios. The newspapers should be read for the study of facts. They should not be allowed to kill the habit of independent thinking. - M. K. Gandhi Mahatma Gandhi's speech during his visit to 'The Hindu' sums up his philosophy and vision of journalism: I have, therefore, never been tired of reiterating to journalists whim I know that journalism should never be prostituted for selfish ends or for the sake of merely earning a livelihood or, worse still, for amassing money. Journalism, to be useful and serviceable to the country, will take its definite, its best for the service of the country and, whatever happens the views of the country irrespective of consequences. I think that we have in our midst the making of newspapers which can do so. Let us be clear in our minds that-to confine Gandhi to India and to view him as merely the great Indian national leader is to diminish his greatness and personality. Gandhi belonged to the whole world, the humanity at large. The Time magazine, while chronicling the sweeping forces and great events of the 20th century- catalogued Gandhi as one of the greatest activists-who fought for change from outside the traditional halls of power, who was bound to an abstract vision for which he would pay any price was life. The world that revered few men had revered Gandhi. Although Gandhi died believing his lone voice was unheard- he was mistaken; the power of his message would endure to move men and nations for all times to come. (The author is Former Professor and Course Director, Haryana Agricultural University and Former Country Representative Asian Media Information Centre (AMIC), Singapore.)

Cover Story Anu Bandopadhaya

M K Gandhi as Journalist When he took charge of Indian Opinion, it was a losing concern and had a circulation of four hundred. For some months Gandhi had to contribute Rs. 1,200 per month to keep it going. Altogether he incurred a personal loss of Rs. 26,000. In spite of this heavy loss, he later decided to leave out all advertisements in order to devote more space for his ideas. andhi became a regular reader of G newspapers after reaching England at the, age of 19. As a school student in India, he did not read, them. He was very shy and could not speak in a gathering. At 21, he first wrote nine articles for The Vegetarian an English weekly, on vegetarianism, Indian food habits, customs and religious festivals. His earliest writings show his capacity for expressing any idea in simple direct language. After a gap of two years, Gandhi again took to journalism. From that time onwards his pen knew no rest till the end of his life. He never wrote anything only for creating an impression and carefully avoided exaggeration. His aim was to serve truth, to educate people and to be useful to his country. On the third day of his arrival in South Africa he was insulted in a court of law. He published an account of this incident in a local paper and gained publicity overnight. At the age of 35, he took charge of lndian Opinion and through it he guided and unified the Indians in South Africa. A Gujarati edition of this weekly was simultaneously printed at Phoenix. A series of articles on dietetics appeared in the Gujarati Indian Opinion, also the life sketches of great men and women. Every issue of these weeklies contained articles by Gandhi. There was an editor, but Gandhi bore the whole burden. He wanted to educate the public opinion, to remove causes of misunderstanding between the whites and the Indians and to point out the drawbacks of his countrymen. He poured out his soul in the columns of Indian Opinion and published detailed account of the satyagraha struggle carried on in South Africa. From his writings overseas readers

could form a true picture of the happenings in South Africa. Among the distinguished readers were Gokhale in India, Dadabhai Naoroji in England and Tolstoy in Russia. For ten years Gandhi worked hard for this weekly. He got two hundred journals per week in exchange of Indian Opinion, read each one of them carefully and reproduced such news as might benefit the readers of Indian Opinion. Gandhi knew newspapers could become

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33 powerful medium for spreading ideas. He was a successful journalist but never intended to make a living from journalism. In his opinion the aim of journalism was service: "Journalism should never be prostituted for selfish ends or for the sake of carrying a livelihood. And whatever happens to the editors or the journal, it should express views of the country irrespective of consequences. They will have to strike a different line of policy if they wanted to penetrate into the hearts of the masses." When he took charge of Indian Opinion, it was a losing concern and had a circulation of four hundred. For some months Gandhi had to contribute Rs. 1,200 per month to keep it going. Altogether he incurred a personal loss of Rs. 26,000. In spite of this heavy loss, he later decided to leave out all advertisements in order to devote more space for his ideas. He knew that he would not be able to serve truth and remain independent if he accepted advertisements. He never cared to increase the sale of his journals through improper means, nor to compete-with other newspapers. In India too, he stuck to this tradition and for 30 years published his journals :without any advertisement. He suggested that for each province, there should be only one advertising medium printing decent descriptions of things useful to the people. After accepting the editorship of Young India, he was keen on conducting a Gujarati paper because a vernacular paper was a felt want. Editing a newspaper in English was no joy to him. He brought out Navajivan, the Hindi and Gujarati version of Young India, and contributed many articles regularly. He was proud to say that many readers of Navajivan were the farmers and workers who really made India. Under heavy pressure of work he had to write a lot and had to work late at night or in the early hours of the morning. He often wrote on a running train. Some of his famous statements or editorials bore the mark "on the train". When his right hand got tired, he wrote with the left. His lefthand writing was more legible. Even while convalescing he wrote three to four articles every week. In India he did not run any paper on loss. Both his English and Indian language papers reached a circulation of 40,000. When he was jailed, the circulation dropped down to 3,000. After his release from the first imprisonment in India, a

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new feature of the weeklies was the publication of his autobiography in a serial form. It continued for three years and created world-wide interest. He allowed almost all the Indian papers to reproduce his life-story. While in jail, he started another weekly Harijan. Like Young India this too was priced one anna. It was mainly devoted to serve the untouchables. For years it did not contain any article on politics. It was first brought out in Hindi. Gandhi was permitted to write thrice a week from jail. Regarding the proposal for an English edition, he wrote to a friend: "I would warn you against issuing the English edition unless it is properly got up, contains readable material and translations are accurate. It would be much better to be satisfied with the Hindi edition only than to have an indifferently edited English weekly. I shall not handle the paper except to make it selfsupporting." He proposed to bring out 10,000 copies in the beginning and give it a trial of three

months. In two months' time, it became selfsupporting. Later it became a very popular viewspaper. People read it not for amusement but for instructions. It was published in English, Hindi, Urdu, Tamil, Telugu, Ooriya, Marathi, Gujarati, Kannada and Bengalee. Gandhi wrote articles in Hindi, Urdu, Gujarati and English.Gandhi journals never had any sensational topics. He untiringly wrote on constructive work, satyagraha, nonviolence, diet, nature-cure, Hindu-Muslim unity, untouchability, spinning, khadi, swadeshi, village industries and prohibition. He stressed the need of re-orientation of education and food habits and was a severe critic of national defects. He was a hard task-master. His secretary, Mahadev Desai, had to seek shelter in the lavatory from the crowded railway compartment and complete his work in time. Gandhi's assistants had to know all corresponding railway timings and postal clearance hours for a timely despatch of written matter for publication. Once the train carrying Gandhi and his articles written on it was running late and there was no time for sending them by post. The English articles were sent by a messenger and were printed in Bombay instead of

his own press at Ahmedabad. The issue was brought out in time. Gandhi was first jailed in India for his bold articles printed in Young India. He never submitted to any gagging order issued by the Government. When he was not allowed to express his deepest thoughts, he stopped writing. He was confident that he could any-day persuade his readers to copy his editorials for him and circulate the news. He knew his paper could be suppressed but not its message, so long as he lived. By not caring for the aid of printing-room and compositor's stick, the hand-written paper, he assured, could be a heroic remedy for heroic times. Gandhi published an unregistered weekly Satyagraha in 1919, defying the Government orders. This one-sheet weekly was sold for one pice.Himself being a journalist of many years standing, he spoke with authority on the traditions of good journalism: "The newspaperman has become a walking plague. Newspapers are fast becoming the people's Bible, Koran and Gita rolled in one. A newspaper predicts that riots are coming and all the sticks and knives in Delhi have been sold out. A journalist's duty is to teach people to be brave, not to instill fear into them." q

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Cover Story Mrinal Chatterjee

History of Gujrati Journalism Among other distinguished journalists were Lchcharam Suryarm Desai, Sarabji Kapadia, Natwarlal I. Desai Ravishankar Mehta, K. M. Munshi and Kapilraj Mehta. Ahmedabad had no Gujarati daily paper till 1921. The first Gujarati daily from Ahmedabad was Swarajya with Nandilal Bodiwala as editor but it did not live for long. Bodiwala started an evening paper, Sandesh, with which Ahmedabad Samachar, a rival, was merged later. characteristic feature of early Gujarati A commercial journalism was the interest shown in news, marketing and trading. The earliest Gujarati journal was a weekly, Mumbaina Samachar, founded by Parsi priest Furdonji Murzban in Bombay in 1822 with 150 subscribers – a promising start for those days. Its main object was stated to be to publish market rates and serve the business community. Unlike many other newspapers of the period, it had “a fullfledged printing press complete with types”1. It was converted into a daily and renamed Bombay Samachar in 1832. In 1830, the Mumbai Vartman was launched by Naoroji Dorabji Chandaru. After a year, it developed into a bi-weekly with the extended title of Mumbaina Halkaru Ane Vartaman. It remained in publication for 13 years, and closed down in 1843. Jam-eJamshed, a weekly, was published by Pestonji Manekji in 1831. It became a daily in 1853 and was popular among the Parsis. Other newspapers which came out between 1832 and 1854 included Doorbin, Mombaina Kasud, Samachar Durpan, Chitranjan Darpan and Chabuk; none could exist beyond 1856. Interestingly, an English magistrate, Sir Alexander Kinlock Forbes, took a leading role in the development of Gujarati journalism in Ahmedabad and Surat. He helped the Gujarat Vernacular Society of Ahmedabad to launch the Vartaman in 1849. It was edited by an employee of the society. Another interesting aspect about early Gujarati journalism was: it was divided in two sections, Hindu and Parsi. The first Parsi

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newspaper, Bombay Samachar, started with an up-to-date printing press; the Vartaman was lithographed. The newspapers of each community took up the question of reform within that community. Bombay Samachar, however was an exception, which opened its doors to everyone without distinction. Forbes also promoted a bi-weekly Surat Samachar, in Surat in 1850 which, however, had only a brief existence. Surat had a journal devoted to prohibition, the Parhejhgar. In 1854, Lallubhai Raichand started the Shamasher Bahadur in Ahmedabad. Dadabhai Naroji's started Rast Gofar (which means truth-speaker) in1851, whose mission was to work for social reform. It continued publication till 1921.

36 The Hitechu was the first Gujarati daily. It was started as a bi-weekly in 1861; it was converted into a daily in 1873. It rendered great public service during the 40 years of its life. The Gujarati press was divided into the Hindu and Parsi sections and there was no love lost between the two. Anxious to stem the rot which had set in, some adventurous young men started papers with high ideals and principles; one of them was Prajabandhu, which was first published in 1895. Also belonging to this category was Gujarati Punch. The Kheda Vartman, a weekly, started in Kaira in 1861, celebrated its contenary in 1961. The Sanj Varman of Bombay (1902) was an influential evening paper. Sorabji Palonji Kapadia was the editor of Sanj Varman for a long time. It stopped publication in 1950. As Gandhi's birthplace and the scene of the celebrated Salt March of 1930, Gujarat generated a press even more influenced by nationalist causes than elsewhere. Gandhi took over the Navjivan from Indulal Yajnik and converted it from a monthly into a weekly from Ahmadabad in 1919 at the time he broke into India's national politics. Navjivan had great influence on Gujarati journalism. In 1919, its circulation was 9000 and the following year it jumped to 20000. It was renamed Harijan Bandhu in 1932 and Chandrasekhar Premshankar Shukla became its editor. It stopped publication in 1940 and after revival in 1946 continued for two years. The Gujarati press played a significant part in the freedom struggle and lent powerful support to Gandhi in the non-cooperation and constructive programmes. Among the doyens in Gujarati journalism, mention must be made of Amritlal Seth, who formed the Saurashtra Trust in 1931 and launched the Gujarati Daily Janmabhoomi on 9th June 1934 in Bombay. Samaldas Gandhi, another great name, was its editor. Samaldas Gandhi and his associates left Janmabhoomi after some time and started Vande Mataram and a war of words developed between the two papers. Amritlal Seth founded the Indian Languages Newspapers Association and organised a cooperative society to help finance needy Gujarati papers. Janmabhoomi grew into a media group2 which by 2011 published several publications including Pravasi Weekly, Vyapar, Phulchhab, Kutchmitra,

and a literary magazine, Kavita. Among other distinguished journalists were Lchcharam Suryarm Desai, Sarabji Kapadia, Natwarlal I. Desai Ravishankar Mehta, K. M. Munshi and Kapilraj Mehta. Ahmedabad had no Gujarati daily paper till 1921. The first Gujarati daily from Ahmedabad was Swarajya with Nandilal Bodiwala as editor but it did not live for long. Bodiwala started an evening paper, Sandesh, with which Ahmedabad Samachar, a rival, was merged later. It became a morning daily in 1943. By 1958, Chimanbhai Patel was at the helm of affairs. His unique contribution to journalism was the Sunday Sanskar Poorti in Gujarati, which included many celebrities as columnists. He thus pioneered Sunday supplements in Gujarati journalism. Until 1984, Sandesh was a single-edition newspaper published from Ahmedabad. Then, under an expansion programme, new editions were launched in Baroda, Surat, Rajkot and Bhavnagar in 1985, 1989, 1990 and 1998, respectively. Another group which published a number of Gujarati papers is Lok Prakashan. It had several publications including the Gujarat Samachar3, a daily initially published from Ahmedabad in late 1940s; weekly Prajabandhu and evening daily Loknad. Gujarat did not have an English daily for a long time after Independence until the national dailies, Times of India and the Indian Express, brought out their editions from Ahmedabad. Another interesting feature of Gujarati journalism was: until the creation of a separate state of Gujarat in 1960, Mumbai was as much a centre of Gujarati publications as Ahmedabad. Indeed, in the early 1960s, the largest Gujarati daily newspaper Bombay Samachar continued to be published from Mumbai. After the state of Gujarat was created, however, the focus of Gujarati life turned increasingly towards Ahmedabad and the provincial towns of the new state. At the end of 1984, there were 43 dailies in Gujarati out of a total of 735 publications. By 200708, according to the figures given by the Registrar of Newspaper of India, the number of publications went up to 3005, of which 220 were dailies and 1410 were weeklies. According to the Indian Readership Survey 2011 Q2, the five most read Gujarati dailies were Gujarat Samachar (readership: 44.44 lakh)4, Divya Bhaskar5 (35.36

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37 lakh), Gujarat Sandesh6 (33.29 lakh), Saurashtra Samachar7 (2.3 lakh) and Gujarat Mitra8 (1.76 lakh).

Radio By mid 2011, there were about 10 All India Radio stations, a dozen private FM stations, 4 campus radio stations and one community radio stations in Gujarat. Among the private FM stations were Radio City, Red FM, My FM, Radio One and Big FM. Among the campus radio stations were Micavaani (Mudra Institute of Communications, Ahmedabad), Gujarat University Community Radio, Ahmadabad and Vallabh Vidyanagar Campus Radio run by A.J. Kidwai Mass Comunication and Research Centre, Sardar Patel University, Anand. Among the community radio stations were Rudi no Radio (Self Employed Women's Association / SEWA) in Sanand.

Television Gujarat was the first state in India where the rural high frequency TV transmitter was established in 1975 at village Pij of Kheda District. A 2011 report showed Gujarat having 4-5 million C&S (Cable and Satellite) homes. Like in other states, it was Doordarshan which brought television to Gujarat. At present, besides the channels of Doordarshan (DD Girnar, DD Gujarat), several private news channels have cropped up in Gujarat. Among them are ETV Gujarati, P7 News, TV 9 Gujarati, Bizz News, VTV9, Sandesh News, et al. Gujarat Samachar launched GSTV News & Views Channel, a 24X7 news and current affairs channel in Gujarati with a mix of Hindi on December 2012. NaMo TV, an initiative of Gujarat BJP (apparently named after

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Gujarat Chief Minister Narendra Modi) was launched on October 4, 2012 a day after the announcement of the assembly election schedule in the state, only to be shut the next day, pending clearances. Next week, the poll panel cleared the channel to go on air but put certain conditions to monitor political advertisements and possible paid news during the election period. As per media reports,10 for the network, the BJP has partnered with five local Gujarati satellite channels which will broadcast the same content.

New Media By end-2012, almost all the leading newspapers and television channels of Gujarat had websites. Several newspapers were available on the Internet in e-paper format. Several service providers were disseminating news on the mobile platform. There were many Gujarat-centric and Gujarati community centric websites to cater to the large Gujarati Diaspora spread all over the world. (The author, a journalist-turnedmedia academician, presently heads the Eastern India campus of the Indian Institute of Mass Communication located in Dhenkanal, Odisha)

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tuojh&ekpZ 2015

v[kckj jktk jkeeksgu jk; dk ^laokn dkSeqnh* ekuk tkrk gSA ysfdu blds izdk'ku o"kZ ds ckjs esa dkQh erHksn gSa] fQj Hkh bldk izdk'ku o"kZ 1819&20 ds vklikl ekuk tkrk gSA o"kZ 1822 esa jktk jkeeksgu jk; us gh ^fejkr my v[kckj* uked mnwZ dk v[kckj izkjaHk fd;kA ;g la;ksx gh Fkk fd xqtjkrh Hkk"kk ds izFke v[kckj ds eqacbZ ls izdk'ku ds yxHkx nl o"kZ ckn 1832 esa ejkBh Hkk"kk dk igyk v[kckj êqacbZ niZ.k* eqacbZ ls 'kq: gqvkA êqacbZ niZ.k* vaxzsth&ejkBh nks Hkk"kkvksa esa izdkf'kr gksus okyk igyk f)Hkk"kh ikf{kd FkkA dqN le; i'pkr ;g v[kckj lkIrkfgd gks x;k FkkA iw.kZ :i ls ejkBh Hkk"kk esa izdkf'kr gksus okyk igyk v[kckj 1840 esa êqacbZ v[kckj* FkkA ijarq ;g dsoy dqN gh eghus thfor jg ldkA dUuM Hkk"kk esa o"kZ 1857 ds igys dksbZ lekpkj i=k izkjaHk u gqvkA nks gtkj o"kZ iqjkus Lo;a ds lkfgR; dk nkok djus okyh rfey Hkk"kk dk igyk lekpkj i=k o"kZ 1831 esa 'kq: gqvk tks fd vYithoh jgkA rsyqxw Hkk"kk dk igyk v[kckj 1836 esa fudykA ey;kye Hkk"kk dk igyk v[kckj o"kZ 1840 esa vk;kA iatkch] mM+h;k ,oa vleh Hkk"kkvksa esa lekpkj i=k dh 'kq#vkr dkQh yacs le; ckn gqbZA bl rjg xqtjkrh Hkk"kk dk lekpkj i=k êqacbZ lekpkj* 192 o"kZ ds lkFk xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk gh ugha] Hkkjrh; i=kdkfjrk ds bfrgkl esa f'k[kj ij gSA o"kZ 1830 esa eqacbZ ls gh nksjkcth pank# ukSjksth us êqacbZ uk orZeku* fudkyk tks ,d o"kZ ckn êqacbZ uk gYdk#* rFkk orZeku* cu x;kA o"kZ 1832 esa bldk uke cnydj ^Jh eqacbZ uk pkcqd* ,oa o"kZ 1850 esa dsoy ^pkcqd* gks x;k tks 1860 esa can gks x;kA nksjkcth us ^pkcqd* ds can gksus ij êjdjh* uked if=kdk 'kq: dhA o"kZ 1854 esa ,d O;aX; if=kdk îkjlh iap* fudyh ftldk uke 1861 esa cnydj ^fganh iap* gks x;kA blds vykok 1840 esa 'kq: gqvk i=k ^nwjchu* 1856 esa] 1842 esa 'kq: gqvk êqacbZ uk dlqn* 1843 esa] 1844 esa izkjaHk gqvk ^lekpkj niZ.k* 1845 esa ,oa 1845 esa vkjaHk gqvk ^fp=kjatu niZ.k* 1846 esa can gks x,A mÙkj xqtjkr esa xqtjkrh Hkk"kk ds igys Nkis[kkus dh LFkkiuk o"kZ 1845 esa gqbZ] tks vkt xqtjkr fo|klHkk ds uke ls tkuh tkrh gS] ¼iwoZ esa xqtjkr fo|klHkk oukZD;qyj lkslk;Vh½ dh LFkkiuk 1848 esa gqbZA blus 1849 esa vgenkckn ls ôjreku* ¼orZeku½ lkIrkfgd 'kq: fd;kA ;g mÙkj xqtjkr dk igyk lekpkj i=k ekuk tkrk gSA bl v[kckj ds gj cq/kokj dks izdkf'kr gksus ls yksx bls cq/kokfj;q ds uke ls Hkh tkurs gSaA blh lkslk;Vh us 1850 esa ^cqf)izdk'k* fudkykA lwjr ls o"kZ 1850 esa ^lwjr

ijojfnxkj fudyk] ysfdu ;g dsoy 'kjkccanh ds lhfer mís'; ls fudkyk x;kA blh o"kZ ^lwjr lekpkj* rFkk 1855 esa ^Kku nhid* dk izdk'ku 'kq: gqvkA bl e/; eqacbZ esa 1855 esa djlunkl ewyth us ^lR; izdk'k* fudkyk vkSj 1897 esa yYywHkkbZ jk;pan us ^'ke'ksj cgknqj* dh 'kq#vkr dhA o"kZ 1860 esa vgenkckn ls ^vgenkckn lekpkj* ¼tks ckn esa oMksnjk oRly esa fey x;k½] 1861 esa Hk:p ls ^Hk#p orZeku*] 1864 esa jktdksV ls ^dkfB;kokM+ lekpkj* ,oa 1878 esa ^Lora=krk*] 1882 esa yheM+h ls ^lqcks/k izdk'k* ,oa 1885 esa egqvk ls ^Lons'k ca/kq* fudykA [ksM+k ftys dh iztk dh lsok djus ds mís'; ls dgkunkl Qwypan 'ksB us 1 tuojh 1861 esa ^[ksM+k orZeku* ¼lkIrkfgd½ dh 'kq#vkr dh] tks vkt 153 o"kZ ls vf/kd dk gks x;k gSA nf{k.k xqtjkr ds lwjr 'kgj ls ^lwjr lekpkj* 1850 esa fudykA blds ckn 1860&61 esa lwjr ls gh ^nslh fe=k* vkSj 13 flracj 1863 dks fnu'kk vjns'kj rkfy;kj [kku us ^lwjr fe=k* fudkyk tks ,d o"kZ ckn ^xqtjkr fe=k* cu x;kA ^xqtjkr fe=k* esa vaxzsth 'kkldksa ,oa nslh jkT;ksa }kjk turk ij fd, tk jgs vR;kpkjksa ds f[kykQ rh[kh fVIif.k;ka gqvk djrh FkhA o"kZ 1870 esa eaNkjke ?ksykHkkbZ vkfn 14

O;fä;ksa dh daiuh ds gkFk esa ;g i=k pyk x;kA o"kZ 1877 ls eaNkjke ?ksykHkkbZ blds ekfyd cusA 23 o"kZ ds lQy lapkyu esa LokfeRo cnyrk jgkA o"kZ 1920 esa mÙkejke mesnjk; js'keokyk us ;g i=k [kjhn fy;kA buds fu/ku ds ckn buds iq=k paidyky laiknd cusA 29 uoacj 1936 ls ;g i=k nSfud gks x;kA 1937 esa paidyky ds fu/ku ds i'pkr muds HkkbZ izoh.kdkar mÙkejke js'keokyk blds laiknd cus vkSj mUgksaus dM+k ifjJe dj ^xqtjkr fe=k* dks nf{k.k xqtjkr ds vfxze lekpkj i=kksa dh Js.kh esa igys LFkku ij igqapk fn;kA ^eqacbZ lekpkj* ds fodkl esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkus okys ehukpsj gkseth us 12 uoacj 1874 dks turk dh detksfj;ksa ,oa lkekftd dqjhfr;ksa ij dVk{k djrk ^nkrjMq* uked lkIrkfgd 'kq: fd;k] tks 25 o"kZ rd pydj 1899 esa can gks x;kA ,jon egsjthHkkbZ tks fd o"kZ 1898 ls 1915 rd eqacbZ lekpkj ds laiknd jgs] us blls vyx gksdj ^lR; fe=k* uked lkIrkfgd 'kq: fd;k] ysfdu ;g vf/kd le; ugha py ldkA blh rjg ghjth csgsfnu dk ^d;ljs fgan* Hkh dqN gh le; py ldkA 19oha lnh ds mÙkjk/kZ esa tyh tkx`fr dh iqjkuh e'kky vHkh Hkh ty jgh gSA buesa

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

41 ls 1861 dk ^[ksM+k orZeku*] 1863 dk ^lwjr fe=k* vkt ^xqtjkr fe=k* ds :i esa] 1879 dk ^Hk#p lekpkj* ,oa 1888 esa jktdksV ls 'kq: gqvk ^dkfB;kokM+ VkbEl* vkt Hkh thfor gSA cM+kSnk esa lwjr dh vis{kk i=kdkfjrk dh 'kq#vkr nsj ls gqbZA vk/kqfud dgs tk ldus okys nSfudksa dh 'kq#vkr xqtjkr esa dkQh nsj ls gqbZA o"kZ 1923 esa uanyky cksM+hokyk us ^nSfud lans'k* dh 'kq:vkr dh tks vk/kqfud i=k gSA cksM+hokyk us blds nks o"kZ igys 1921 esa ^LojkT;* uke v[kckj fudkyk Fkk] ysfdu ;g dqN gh le; esa ne rksM+ x;kA blh le; lwjr ls ^lekpkj*] vgenkckn ls ^vgenkckn lekpkj*] ^xqtjkr VkbEl*] lwjr ls îzrki* lHkh nSfud 'kq: gq, tks ckn esa vius&vius dkj.kksa ls can gks x,A bl rjg êqacbZ lekpkj* ds ckn eqacbZ ,oa xqtjkr ls i;kZIr lekpkj i=k fudys] ysfdu 1857 esa vktknh dh izFke Økafr gksus rd êqacbZ lekpkj* ,oa ^tke&,&te'ksn* ds vykok Lora=krk lsukuh nknkHkkbZ ukSjksth }kjk LFkkfir ^jkLr xkQsrkj* gh vfLrRo esa FkkA ^jkLr xkQsrkj* 1921 rd izdkf'kr gksrk jgkA egku oS".ko lq/kkjd djlunkl ewyth us ^lR; izdk'k* fudkyk vkSj ^jkLr xkQsrkj* la;qDr :i ls fudkykA ml ;qx esa bu nksuksa i=kksa dks lekt lq/kkjd ds :i esa Hkkjh [;kfr feyhA lwjr esa dfo ueZn ds ^nkafM;ks* ds vykok ^ns'kh fe=k*] ^Lora=krk* us xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk txr esa vfeV Nki NksM+h gSA ^Lora=krk* ekfld bPNkjke lw;Zjke nslkbZ us fudkyk tks fd xqtjkrh dk iqjksxkeh FkkA blesa Lora=k :i ls ljdkj ds f[kykQ fVIif.k;ka gksrh FkhaA 'kkld oxZ us bl v[kckj dks {kfr igqapkus dk iz;Ru fd;k] ijarq foQyrk gh gkFk yxhA ysfdu lexz xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ij [kqn gh izcy Nki 1880 esa 'kq: gq, xqtjkrh us NksM+hA bPNkjke lw;Zjke nslkbZ vkSj muds iq=kksa us xqtjkrh }kjk xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ds fodkl] lkfgR; ,oa Hkk"kk ds fodkl esa mYys[kuh; ;ksxnku fn;kA bl i=k dk izdk'ku 1953 esa can gqvkA vius thou dh 'kke esa bldh yksdfiz;rk dkQh ?kV xbZ FkhA ysfdu vxj ;g dgk tk, fd o"kZ 1920&21 rd ;g i=k xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ds {ks=k esa cqyafn;ksa ij Fkk rks dksbZ vfr';ksfä ugha gksxhA bPNkjke lw;Zjke nslkbZ ,oa muds iq=k ef.kyky bPNkjke nslkbZ nksuksa ds uke i=kdkfjrk txr esa vfeV jgsaxsA xqtjkrh Hkk"kk ds lka/; lekpkj i=k ds :i esa 1902 esa ^lka> orZeku* izkjaHk gqvk] tks ikap&lk<+s ikap n'kd ds vius thou ds nkSjku dkQh yksdfiz; jgkA ysfdu j.kNksM+nkl yksVokyk us ^v[kckjs lkSnkxj* i=k [kjhn dj mldks ^fganqLrku* uke ls lka/; i=k ds :i esa 1913 ls 'kq: fd;k vkSj bldk gh izfrdwy vlj

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

^lka> orZeku* ij iM+kA xqtjkrh i=kdkjksa ds fy, izf'k{k.k Ldwy dk dk;Z Hkh ^fganqLrku* us gh fd;kA o"kZ 1919 esa egkRek xka/kh us bls xqtjkrh vkSj fganh esa lkIrkfgd :i esa izdkf'kr fd;kA ckn esa xka/khth us ^gfjtu* ca/kq Hkh fudkykA ûothou* dh izlkj la[;k ,d yk[k ls Åij pyh xbZA ^fganqLrku* ûothou* ds eqdkcys [kM+k ugha jg ldk] varr% can gks x;kA mÙkj xqtjkr esa îztkca/kq* lkIrkfgd us lekpkjksa ds vykok Hkk"kk] lkfgR; dh mEnk lsok dj xqtjkr fuekZ.k vkSj lqlaLdkj iznku djus esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk vnk dhA ckn esa ;g ^xqtjkr lekpkj* nSfud ds izkjaHk gksus ij mlesa foyhu gks x;kA ^xqtjkr iap*] ^l;kth fot;* us Hkh xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa vikj ;ksxnku fn;kA lkSjk"Vªds dLcs jk.kiqj ls ve`ryky nyirHkkbZ 'ksB us ^lkSjk"Vª* lkIrkfgd 'kq: fd;k tks v[kckjksa esa Hkk"kk ds u, :i ,oa rh[ks ys[ku ds fy, izfl) gqvkA fj;klrh iztk dks nksgjh xqykeh ds le{k vkanksyu NsM+us ds fy, izksRlkfgr djus ds vykok lkfgR; ds {ks=k esa Hkh vuwBk jgkA blds can gks tkus ij ve`ryky 'ksB us 1921 esa ^QwyNkc* ds uke ls lkIrkfgd 'kq: fd;kA ^QwyNkc* o"kZ 1950 esa jk.kiqj ls jktdksV vk x;k vkSj blus nSfud lekpkj i=k dk Lo:i ys fy;kA 'ksB us eqacbZ esa o"kZ 1930 esa lkSjk"VªVªLV dk xBu fd;kA blds ckn VªLV us 9 twu 1934 dks eqacbZ ls ^tUeHkwfe* lekpkj i=k 'kq: fd;kA VªLV us îzoklh* Hkh fudkyk] tks ckn esa can gks x;kA blh rjg lwjr ls vkjaHk gqvk îzrki* Hkh vkxs pydj can gks x;kA lkSjk"Vª VªLV dks gh Hkkjr dk igyk iw.kZ vkfFkZd lekpkj i=k Ô;kikj* vkjaHk djus dk Js; gS tks vc v/kZ lkIrkfgd gSA Ô;kikj* fganh Hkk"kk esa Hkh lkIrkfgd :i ls izdkf'kr gksrk gSA blds vykok Hkqt ls izdkf'kr gksus okyk izkr%dkyhu nSfud ^dPN fe=k* Hkh lkSjk"VªVªLV dk gh ,d izdk'ku gSA vU; izdk'ku xqtjkrh Hkk"kk esa izdkf'kr ^dfork* if=kdk ,oa ^tUeHkwfe T;ksfr"k iapkax* xqtjkrh ,oa fganh gSA xqtjkrh esa nSfud vkfFkZd v[kckj ^Qkbusaf'k;y VkbEl*] ^bdkukWfed VkbEl* vkSj ^deksfMVh oYMZ* gSaA ^tUeHkwfe* ds izdk'ku ds lkr o"kZ ckn 'kkeynkl xka/kh us ôansekrje* 'kq: fd;kA 13 o"kZ dh vk;q esa bl i=k us xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk dk ,d lqugjk bfrgkl jpkA o"kZ 1948 esa fla/k ls vk, tqxrjke vkj- jkoy us jktdksV ls ^Jhuwru lkSjk"Vª* uked i=k dh 'kq#vkr dhA 12 ekpZ 1948 dks ujksÙkenkl ¼ckcwHkkbZ½ 'kkg us jktdksV ls ^t;fgan* uked lekpkj i=k flysaMj e'khu ij fudkykA ;g lkSjk"Vªdk izFke iw.kZ xqtjkrh nSfud FkkA o"kZ 1962 esa bl lekpkj i=k us viuk vgenkckn laLdj.k fudky dj

42 lwjr esa dfo ueZn ds ^nkafM;ks* ds vykok ^ns'kh fe=k*] ^Lora=krk* us xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk txr esa vfeV Nki NksM+h gSA ^Lora=krk* ekfld bPNkjke lw;Zjke nslkbZ us fudkyk tks fd xqtjkrh dk iqjksxkeh FkkA blesa Lora=k :i ls ljdkj ds f[kykQ fVIif.k;ka gksrh FkhaA 'kkld oxZ us bl v[kckj dks {kfr igqapkus dk iz;Ru fd;k] ijarq foQyrk gh gkFk yxhA ysfdu lexz xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ij [kqn gh izcy Nki 1880 esa 'kq: gq, xqtjkrh us NksM+hA xqtjkr dk igyk ,slk nSfud i=k cuus dk xkSjo izkIr fd;k ftlds ,d lkFk nks txg ls laLdj.k fudyrs FksA o"kZ 1970 esa Lo;apkfyr dEiksftax i)fr ds fy, bl i=k us viuk izfrfuf/k baXySaM Hkstk ftlus rhu o"kksaZ dh dM+h esgur ls xqtjkrh v{kjksa dk Vkbi rS;kj djok;k vkSj ;g Hkkjrh; i=kdkfjrk txr esa ,d Hkkjh lQyrk FkhA xqtjkrh Hkk"kk ds ckn gh fganh ds Vkbi rS;kj gq, FksA jktdksV Hkkjr dk izFke ,slk 'kgj gS tgka ls {ks=kh; Hkk"kk ds nks lka;dkyhu lekpkj i=k ^vfdyk* ,oa ^lka> lekpkj* fudysA ;gka ls vc ^vktdy*] ^vktrd*] ^lkSjk"Vªvklikl* lka;dkyhu Hkh izdkf'kr gks jgs gSaA ^t;fgan* us vius 'kq#vkrh fnuksa esa dqN le; ds fy, ^bafM;u fizaVj* lkef;d i=k Hkh fudkyk FkkA tkeuxj ls lka;dkyhu esa ^Hkwfe*] ^ukScr*] ^[kcj* vkSj ^vktdy* izdkf'kr gks jgs gSaA jktdksV ls 7 uoacj 1864 dks lkSjk"Vªdk igyk lkIrkfgd ^dkfB;kokM+ lekpkj* 'kq: gqvk Fkk] ysfdu ;g vf/kd le; ftank u jg ldkA lkSjk"Vªdk izFke nh?kZthoh ,oa O;ofLFkr i=k ^lkSjk"Vª niZ.k* dks dgk tkrk gSA ;g 1865 esa 'kq: gqvk vkSj yxHkx 25 o"kZ rd fudykA nwljh vksj] lkSjk"Vªdk izFke lekpkj i=k nsus dk nkok Hkkouxj 'kgj djrk gSA bl 'kgj ls ^euksjatd jRueky* dk izdk'ku gqvk ysfdu ;g yxHkx nl vad ds ckn gh can gks x;k vkSj blds izdk'ku ds o"kZ ds ckjs esa fLFkfr Li"V ugha gSA fo'o ds fodflr ns'kksa dh rqyuk esa Hkkjrh; ,oa xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk dk fodkl fo'ks"k ljkguh; ugha gS ,oa bl lR;rk dks utjvankt fd;k tk, ;g Hkh mfpr ugha gSA ysfdu 192 o"khZ; xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ds bfrgkl dks lkeus j[kk tk, rks xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk us vktknh ds ckn dh vof/k esa mYys[kuh; fodkl fd;k gSA 31 ekpZ 1946 ds miyC/k vkadM+ksa ds vuqlkj eqacbZ {ks=k ¼ftlesa xqtjkr] lkSjk"Vª] dPN 'kkfey Fkk½ ls xqtjkrh Hkk"kk ds 29 nSfud] 78 lkIrkfgd vkSj 12 ikf{kd ;kuh dqy 119 i=k izdkf'kr gksrs Fks ftudh la[;k vkt dbZ xquk T;knk gSA vkt xqtjkrh lekpkj i=k ,f'k;k ¼Hkkjr ,oa ikfdLrku½] vÝhdk ¼dsU;k ,oa

ratkfu;k½] yanu vkSj U;w;kdZ ls fudyrs gSaA xqtjkrh ikBdksa esa /keZ vkSj n'kZu laca/kh if=kdkvksa ds izfr fo'ks"k izse gSA blds ckn nwljk LFkku efgykvksa dh #fp okyh if=kdkvksa dk gSA xqtjkrh dh izeq[k yksdfiz; if=kdk,a ^fp=kys[kk*] ^vfHk;ku*] ^L=kh*] ^tykjke T;ksr*] êgkizHkq n'kZu*] ^v[kaM vkuan* gSaA vkt eqacbZ ls êqacbZ lekpkj*] ^fnO; HkkLdj*] ^lans'k*] ^xqtjkr lekpkj* eq[; izkr%dkyhu nSfud fudyrs gSaA blds vykok eqacbZ ls nks xqtjkrh lka/;dkyhu ^tUeHkwfe* vkSj ^feM&Ms* Hkh izdkf'kr gksrs gSaA igys ê/;karj* vkSj ^lekarj* uked lka/;dkyhu izdkf'kr gksrs Fks ysfdu ;s nksuksa can gks pqds gSaA blh rjg] xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa ,d tekus esa rgydk epkus okyk nSfud ^ledkyhu* bafM;u ,Dlizsl lewg us 'kq: fd;k FkkA ;g v[kckj 14 tuojh 1984 dks 'kq: gqvk vkSj 2004 esa can gks x;kA blds laiknd gleq[k xka/kh dks vkt Hkh ;kn fd;k tkrk gSA blh rjg bafM;u ,Dlizsl lewg dk xqtjkr ls izdkf'kr gksus okyk nwljk xqtjkrh lekpkj i=k ^tulÙkk&yksdlÙkk* Hkh can gqvkA vgenkckn ds izeq[k lka/;dkyhu v[kckj êsVªks* vkSj ôsLVuZ VkbEl* gSaA xqtjkr esa ^xqtjkr lekpkj*] ^lans'k*] ^fnO; HkkLdj*] ^xqtjkr fe=k&niZ.k*] ^QwyNkc*] ^t;fgan*] ^leHkko*] îzHkkr* ,oa Hkqt ls izdkf'kr ^dPN fe=k* izeq[k gSaA e/; izns'k ds fganh lekpkj i=k us {ks=kh; Hkk"kkvksa esa viuh foLrkj ;kstuk ds rgr vgenkckn ls 22 twu 2003 dks ^fnO; HkkLdj* dh 'kq#vkr dh tks vc jkT; ds vusd 'kgjksa ls izdkf'kr gks jgk gSA xqtjkr ds dPN {ks=k dk igyk lekpkj i=k 26 twu 1873 dks izkjaHk gqvk vkSj bldk uke ^dPN njckjh tkgsj [kcj* FkkA ckn esa bldk uke cnydj ^dPN jkT; i=k* gks x;k tks vktknh rd pkyw jgkA xqtjkrh Hkk"kk esa vkt vusd NksVs&cM+s lekpkj i=k fudy jgs gSaA gj o"kZ dqN u, v[kckj fudyrs gSa rks dqN iqjkus vkSj u, can gks tkrs gSa] ysfdu 192 o"kZ iqjkuh xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk fodkl ds iFk ij c<+ jgh gSA ¼ys[kd deksfMVh daVkªsy MkWV dke] eqEcbZ ds laiknd gSaA½

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

Lof.kZe v/;k; dkSf'kd esgrk

tjk gV ds gS lkSjk"Vªdh i=kdkfjrk ,d le; izlkj la[;k vkSj opZLo dh n`f"V ls ^QwyNkc* lcls vkxs Fkk ysfdu vkt ^xqtjkr lekpkj* dk lokZf/kd izlkj gSA blds ckn ^lans'k* vkSj ^fnO; HkkLdj* ds chp izfrLi/kkZ gSA ^fnO; HkkLdj* us ist okj ds ckn izkbl okj 'kq: fd;k FkkA vkjaHk esa ;g v[kckj ,d #i;s esa feyrk Fkk vkSj bl otg ls lkSjk"Vªds v[kckj txr esa mFky&iqFky dk nkSj 'kq: gqvkA viuh HkkSxksfyd jpuk ,oa laLd`fr dh otg ls 'ks"k lkS xqjk"Vª tjkr ls vyx fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA larksa vkSj ohjksa dh Hkwfe ds :i esa fo[;kr lkSjk"Vªdh Hkwfe ij i=kdkfjrk Hkh tjk gV ds gSA lkSjk"Vªdh i=kdkfjrk 250 o"kZ iqjkuh ekuh tkrh gSA 1857 dh Økafr ds ckn lkB ds n'kd esa ;gka v[kckj dh 'kq#vkr gqbZA 1864 esa ^dkfB;kokM+ VkbEl* jktdksV ls vkjaHk gqvkA blds ckn twukx<+ ls ^lkSjk"VªniZ.k* dh 'kq#vkr gqbZA rc ls ysdj vkt rd lkSjk"Vª dh i=kdkfjrk esa [kklk cnyko vk;k gSA 'kq#vkr esa ;gka dh i=kdkfjrk lkfgR; ds jax esa jaxh gqbZ FkhA ysfdu 1921 esa jk.kiqj ls ve`ryky 'ksB us ^lkSjk"Vª* dh 'kq#vkr dh] rc ls orZeku v[kckjksa dk nkSj 'kq: gqvkA jktk&jtokM+ksa ds tqYe ds f[kykQ vkokt mBkus ds fy, bl v[kckj dks 'kq: fd;k x;kA bl v[kckj ij vusd jkT;ksa esa izfrca/k yknk x;kA jktkvksa ds tqYe vkSj muds Hkksx foykl dh fQtwy [kphZ ds f[kykQ bl v[kckj us ;q) NsM+ fn;k FkkA yksxksa ls pans ds :i esa feys 25 gtkj #i;s ls bl v[kckj dh uhao j[kh xbZ ,oa vke turk ds fy, i=kdkfjrk ds fl)kar dk vkt rd ikyu fd;k tk jgk gSA ^lkSjk"Vª* ckn esa ^jks'kuh* ds uke ls fudkyk x;k tks vkxs pydj ^QwyNkc* cu x;kA ^QwyNkc* dks 94 o"kZ gks x, gSa vkSj bls lkSjk"Vªdk izeq[k v[kckj ,oa lkSjk"Vªdh fopkj/kkjk ekuk tkrk gSA xykdkV izfrLi/kkZ ds tekus esa Hkh ^QwyNkc* us i=kdkfjrk ds ewY;ksa dks cuk, j[kk gS ,oa fo'oluh;rk gh bldh iwath gSA lkSjk"Vªdh i=kdkfjrk dh ,d vkSj Hkh fo'ks"krk gS fd ;gka igys ls gh fo'ks"k if=kdk,a izdkf'kr gksrh jgh gaSA buesa ^foKku foykl*] ^xqtjkr 'kkyki=k*] ^Kku nhid*] ^fiz;onk*] ^[ksMwr* vkfn jktdksV ls 'kq: gksus okyk lekpkj i=k ^dkfB;kokM+ VkbEl* Fkk tks ,d ckj can gqvk vkSj 1885 esa Hkh fQj ls 'kq:

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

gqvkA 1897 esa ;g lkSjk"Vªdk igyk nSfud cuk ,oa bldk vaxzsth laLdj.k Hkh 'kq: gqvkA ysfdu ^lkSjk"Vª* us lkSjk"Vªds lekt ij tks viuh Nki NksM+h ;g vdYiuh; gSA igys ;g nSfud Fkk vkSj VscykW;M vkdkj esa izdkf'kr gksrk FkkA jk"Vªh; 'kk;j tosjpan es?kk.kh ds bl lekpkj i=k ls tqM+us ds ckn ;g vkSj f[ky mBkA bl lekpkj i=k esa jktk&jtokM+ksa ds f[kykQ rks [kcjsa izdkf'kr gksrh gh Fkh lkFk gh lkfgR; vkSj f'k{kk txr ds ys[k Hkh [kwc izdkf'kr gksrs FksA ^lkSjk"Vª* dsoy v[kckj ugha Fkk cfYd yksd laLFkk FkkA jk.kiqj esa bl v[kckj ds dk;kZy; esa vusd yksxksa us lR;kxzg dh rS;kjh dhA 1931 esa ;g lekpkj i=k can gqvk D;ksafd bls pykus okys lHkh vktknh dh yM+kbZ esa tsy pys x,A ckn esa 1932 esa ^lkSjk"Vª*] ^QwyNkc* ds uke ls 'kq: gqvkA 1950 esa ;g v[kckj jktdksV vk;k vkSj lkSjk"VªVªLV us bls laHkkykA ;g VªLV vkt ns'k esa nks v[kckj pyk jgk gSA ^QwyNkc* us lkSjk"Vªds tu thou ij xgjh Nki NksM+h gSA ^QwyNkc* ds vykok jktdksV ls ^t;fgan* vkSj ^tulÙkk* 'kq: gq,A ;s nksuksa v[kckj dkQh vPNs pysA lkSjk"Vªesa ^QwyNkc* lfgr ;s rhu v[kckjksa dh f=kiqVh dk opZLo yacs le; rd jgkA bu rhuksa v[kckjksa us /kwi&Nk;k ns[kh gSA ^tulÙkk* dqN o"kZ igys can gks x;k tcfd ^t;fgan* detksj iM+k gSA dqN o"kZ igys HkkLdj lewg us Hkkouxj ls izdkf'kr ^lkSjk"Vªlekpkj* dks [kjhn fy;k FkkA 1980 ds n'kd esa vgenkckn ds v[kckjksa ds jktdksV laLdj.k 'kqq: gq, vkSj lkSjk"Vª dh i=kdkfjrk esa Hkkjh cnyko vk;k ,oa xykdkV izfrLi/kkZ 'kq: gqbZA ist vkSj lIyhesaV dh yM+kbZ 'kq: gqbZA igys lekpkj vkSj lkekftd&f'k{k.k& lkaLd`frd xfrfof/k;ksa dks vgfe;r feyrh Fkh ysfdu ^xqtjkr lekpkj* vkSj ^lans'k* ds vkus ds ckn ist c<+s vkSj gj jkst lIyhesaV vkus yxsA vU;Fkk blls igys lIrkg esa ,d ;k nks lIyhesaV vkrs FksA vkt rks gj jkst fdlh uk fdlh fo"k; ij

44 ;gka dh i=kdkfjrk esa vkokt dkQh gS vkSj NksVh ckr dks Hkh tedj mBkrs gSaA lekpkj i=kksa dh otg ls vke turk ds vusd eqíksa dk lek/kku gksus ds vusd fdLls gSaA ;gka ds v[kckj vf/kdkfj;ksa dks dkQh egRo nsrs gSaA dbZ ckj ,slk gqvk gS fd fdlh fuMj&fu"Bkoku vf/kdkjh dk LFkkukarj.k gqvk gS rks v[kckjksa esa cM+k dojst feyk gS vkSj vkanksyu gq, gSaA lIyhesaV lkFk gksrk gSA ,d le; izlkj la[;k vkSj opZLo dh n`f"V ls ^QwyNkc* lcls vkxs Fkk ysfdu vkt ^xqtjkr lekpkj* dk lokZf/kd izlkj gSA blds ckn ^lans'k* vkSj ^fnO; HkkLdj* ds chp izfrLi/kkZ gSA ^fnO; HkkLdj* us ist okj ds ckn izkbl okj 'kq: fd;k FkkA vkjaHk esa ;g v[kckj ,d #i;s esa feyrk Fkk vkSj bl otg ls lkSjk"Vªds v[kckj txr esa mFky&iqFky dk nkSj 'kq: gqvkA bl otg ls tks yksx v[kckj ugha [kjhnrs Fks os Hkh v[kckj [kjhnus yxs vkSj ,d ls T;knk v[kckj eaxkus yxsA jkst 18&20&22 i`"Bksa ds v[kckj vkrs gSaA NksVs v[kckjksa ds fy, vfLrRo dh yM+kbZ 'kq: gqbZA bruk lc gksus ds ckotwn gka] ,d cnyko ugha vk;k og ;g gS fd cxSj vFkZ ds lekpkj [kwc vkrs gSaA LFkkuh; lekpkj vkus pkfg, ysfdu ftuesa ne uk gks os lekpkj vkt Hkh izdkf'kr gks jgs gSaA ,d tekus esa lapkj ds lk/ku ugha Fks rc lekpkj tqVkuk eqf'dy FkkA ,sls le; esa lkSjk"Vªds lekpkjksa ds fy, ^QwyNkc* us usVodZ [kM+k fd;kA xkao] rglhy Lrj ij fdlh f'k{kd ;k O;kikjh vFkok izeq[k O;fä dks v[kckj dk laoknnkrk cuk;k x;kA bl rjg xzkeh.k i=kdkfjrk f[ky mBhA vkt Hkh lkSjk"Vªds v[kckjksa dh igpku xzkeh.k i=kdkfjrk gSA gka] vkt vijk/k ,oa udkjkRed lekpkj v[kckjksa esa dkQh vkrs gSaA ldkjkRed lekpkjksa dks de LFkku feyrk gSA fo'ks"kdj lkSjk"Vªdh vFkZO;oLFkk ftl ij fuHkZj gS ml d`f"k {ks=k ds lekpkjksa dks i;kZIr txg ugha feyrhA ;gka ds v[kckjksa ds vafre i`"B ij T;knkrj lekpkj gR;k vkSj nq?kZVuk ds gksrs gSaA ;|fi] ;gka dh i=kdkfjrk esa vkokt dkQh gS vkSj NksVh ckr dks Hkh tedj mBkrs gSaA lekpkj i=kksa dh otg ls vke turk ds vusd eqíksa dk lek/kku gksus ds vusd fdLls gSaA ;gka ds v[kckj vf/kdkfj;ksa dks dkQh egRo nsrs gSaA dbZ ckj ,slk gqvk gS fd fdlh fuMj&fu"Bkoku vf/kdkjh dk LFkkukarj.k gqvk gS rks v[kckjksa esa cM+k dojst feyk gS vkSj vkanksyu gq, gSaA tcfd] vc i=kdkjksa dh ubZ ih<+h bruh esgur ugha dj jghA ist Fkzh dk dYpj c<+rk tk jgk gSA dbZ i=kdkj

,fDVfoLV cu x, gSaA yksxksa dks D;k ijksluk pkfg, bldk [;ky ugha jgrkA lkSjk"Vª dh i=kdkfjrk dh ,d nwljh fof'k"Vrk gS lka/;dkyhu v[kckjA jktdksV esa 80 ds n'kd esa ^vfdyk* dh 'kq#vkr gqbZA blds ckn t;fgan lewg us ^lka> lekpkj* vkSj blds i'pkr ^vktdky* 'kq: gqvkA vkt ;s v[kckj [kklk izlkj j[krs gSaA dbZ lka/;dkyhu lkSjk"Vªesa ftyk Lrj ij Hkh laLdj.k izdkf'kr dj jgs gSaA dgk tkrk gS fd jktdksV esa nks ckj lw;Z mxrk gSA nksigj esa nks ?kaVs cktkj can jgs vkSj fQj tc 'kq: gksrs gSa rks u;k v[kckj vk tkrk gSA jktdksV dh vkcknh rdjhcu 20 yk[k gS vkSj ;gka izkr%dkyhu ,oa lka/;dkyhu dks feykdj dqy nl v[kckj fudyrs gSaA laHkor% ns'k Hkj esa ;g fdLlk vn~Hkqr gksxkA lka/;dkyhu v[kckj igys pkj&Ng ist ds vkrs Fks tks vc iw.kZ dn ds cu x, gSaA lkSjk"Vªesa ftyk dsanzksa ij Hkh v[kckj fudyrs gSaA tkeuxj esa lka/;dkyhu ^ukscr* vkSj ^Hkwfe* v[kckj izdkf'kr gksrs gSa rks vejsyh ls ^vo/k* uked v[kckj fudyrk gSA ;s vPNs py jgs gSaA blh rjg bl izns'k esa lkIrkfgdksa dh Hkjekj gSA lkSjk"Vª&dPN esa dqy 47 nSfud v[kckj gaS] ftuds ftyk Lrj ij fudy jgs laLdj.k vyxA lkIrkfgd Hkh [kwc gSa vkSj buds uke Hkh fofp=kA dqN uewus ns[ksa--^xhxks*] ^la?k"kZ djks*] ^,s dks.k Ns\* ¼;g dkSu gS\½] ^papqikr*] ^lekpkj Ns t ugha* ¼lekpkj gS gh ugha½] ^D;k lq/kh\* ¼dc rd\½A ysfdu bu v[kckjksa esa dksbZ ne ugha gSA lqjsUnzuxj dk v[kckj ^le;* viokn gS ckdh dks v[kckj ugha dgk tk ldrkA ;s ljdkjh foKkiu ij ftank jgrs gSaA lkFk gh i=kdkj gksus dk uktk;t Qk;nk mBkus ds fy, ;g dk;Z dj jgs gSaA lkSjk"Vªesa 400 ls T;knk lkIrkfgd gSa vkSj fdrus fu;fer izdkf'kr gksrs gSa] ;g Hkxoku tkusA lqjsUnzuxj ftys esa budh la[;k T;knk gSA ckotwn blds lkSjk"Vªi=kdkfjrk tks'khyh gSA yksxksa dh vkokt izLrqr djrh gS ysfdu le; ds lkFk ftruk cnyko vkuk pkfg, og ifjorZu ugha vk;k gSA ¼ys[kd tUeHkwfe VªLV ds jktdksV ls izdkf'kr v[kckj QwyNkc ds laiknd gSaA½

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

Lof.kZe v/;k; MkW- fd'kksj nos

eqEcbZ lekpkj% Hkkjrh; i=kdkfjrk dh HkO; igpku tc&tc ns'k ij dksbZ ladV vk;k ;k ckgj ls ladV ds ckny Nk, rc Hkh vke turk dk êqacbZ lekpkj* ds izfr fo'okl ,oa vknj cuk jgkA vusd izkd`frd ladV ns'k ij ;nk&dnk vkrs jgrs gSaA ,sls ladV ds le; ogka ds yksxksa dh lgk;rk djus ds fy, lewps Hkkjr ds m|ksxifr;ksa] dkjksckfj;ksa] ljdkj ,oa turk us da/ks ls da/kk feykdj mnkj ,oa LosPNk ls viuk ;ksxnku fn;k gSA cbZ lekpkj* ;kuh xqtjkrh Hkk"kk dk lcls iqjkuk vkSj êqa ,f'k;k dk Hkh lcls iqjkuk nSfud] ftldh 'kq#vkr 1 tqykbZ 1822 dks gqbZA êqacbZ lekpkj* dsoy nSfud v[kckj gh ugha vfirq Hkkjr dk HkO; bfrgkl gSA êqacbZ lekpkj* us nks fo'o;q) ds lekpkjksa ds vykok ^VkbVSfud LVhej* ds Mwcus vkSj ^fctyh* uked tgkt ds ekaMoh ¼dPN½ ls iksjcanj ds chp Mwc tkus dk Hkh lekpkj izdkf'kr fd;k

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

FkkA fdlh Hkh nSfud ds fy, nks ckrsa mldh iwath gSaA 1- lekpkj dh lPpkbZ vkSj 2- ikBdksa dk fo'oklA êqacbZ lekpkj* bu nksuksa ds laca/k esa lcls vkxs gSA Hkk"kk&fopkjksa dh vfHkO;fä vkSj eqíksa dh izLrqfr] lekt ds lokyksa dks mBkus esa eqacbZ lekpkj rVLFk ,oa fu"i{k jgk gSA êqacbZ lekpkj* us cxSj fdlh fgpd ds vius fopkj O;Dr dj lekt ds fy, iFkizn'kZd dk dke fd;k gSA êqacbZ

lekpkj* }kjk ges'kk lekt dks /;ku esa j[kdj dke fd, x,A 'ks;j cktkj ds Hkko&[kcjsa] e`R;q lwpuk,a vkSj fo'ys"k.kkRed ys[k bldh igpku gSA ns'k&fons'k esa tgka&tgka xqtjkrh jgrs gSa ogka êqacbZ lekpkj* vo'; tkrk gSA [kklrkSj ij rks ;g eqacbZ esa gj xqtjkrh dk viuk v[kckj gSA gj lqcg eqacbZ ds xqtjkrh ifjokjksa }kjk êqacbZ lekpkj* dk fd;k tkus okyk bartkj vutku ugha gSA eqacbZ vkSj eqacbZ ds ckgj gtkjksa ?kj ,sls gSa tgka rhu&pkj ihf<+;ksa ls êqacbZ lekpkj* yxkrkj i<+k tk jgk gSA fganw] eqfLye] ikjlh] [kkstk] oksjk] ese.k] bZlkbZ] tSu] vf/kd i<+s&fy[ks ;k de i<+s&fy[ks ;kuh lHkh oxZ ds yksx eqacbZ lekpkj dks fo'oluh;rk ds fy, ilan djrs gSaA êqacbZ lekpkj* fdlh oxZ] fdlh /keZ ;k fdlh laiznk; rd lhfer v[kckj ugha gSA ;gh otg gS fd ;g gj oxZ dk viuk v[kckj cu ldkA êqacbZ lekpkj* dh lcls cM+h [kkfl;r bldk rVLFk gksuk gSA êqacbZ lekpkj* ,d ifjokj ds lHkh lnL;ksa dh #fp ds vuq:i fu;fer :i ls vyx&vyx lIyhesaV ,oa lkexzh nsrk gS] tks iwjs ifjokj dks blls tksM+s j[krk gSA lkfgR;] O;aX;] dk;nk&dkuwu] dkjksckjh lykg] /keZ] uhfr] cks/k dFkk,a] Hktu] vuqHko] ;k=kk o.kZu vkSj dgkfu;ka--- ikBdksa dks lekpkjksa ds lkFk

ijkslh tkrh gaSA Qjnwu th us 'kq#vkr ls gh ljy] lh/kh vkSj lHkh dks le> vk ldus okyh Hkk"kk dk mi;ksx djus dh tks uhfr r; dh Fkh] og vkt Hkh tkjh gS vkSj blh otg ls êqacbZ lekpkj* yksdfiz; v[kckj gSA êqacbZ lekpkj* esa iztker lsD'ku dkQh vkd"kZd ,oa vge gSA gj dksbZ bl dkWye esa i=k fy[kdj viuh ckr] vius fopkj] viuh f'kdk;r&lq>ko dks izLrqr dj ldrk gSA la{ksi esa dgsa rks êqacbZ lekpkj* vke turk dk Lo;a dk] vke turk ds fy, vkSj vke turk dh 'kqHkdkeukvksa ,oa lg;ksx ls pyus okyk v[kckj gSA tc&tc ns'k ij dksbZ ladV vk;k ;k ckgj ls ladV ds ckny Nk, rc Hkh vke turk dk êqacbZ lekpkj* ds izfr fo'okl ,oa vknj cuk jgkA vdky] jsyladV] Hkwdai-- tSls vusd izkd`frd ladV ns'k ij ;nk&dnk vkrs jgrs gSaA ,sls ladV ds le; ogka ds yksxksa dh lgk;rk djus ds fy, lewps Hkkjr ds m|ksxifr;ksa] dkjksckfj;ksa] ljdkj ,oa turk us da/ks ls da/kk feykdj mnkj ,oa LosPNk ls viuk&viuk ;ksxnku fn;k gSA phu ds vkØe.k ,oa ikfdLrkuh geys ds le; êqacbZ lekpkj* ges'kk iztk ds lkFk jgkA ¼ys[kd eqacbZ lekpkj esa dk;Zjr i=kdkj gSaA½

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

Lof.kZe v/;k; ckny iaM~;k

eqacbZ dh xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk% 'kkunkj] tkunkj eqacbZ esa vHkh Hkh xqtjkrh ehfM;k dks flj ij cSBkus dh {kerk gS] t:jr gS ukM+h ij[kus dhA ;g ekuk fd vaxzsth ek/;e dh otg ls ubZ ih<+h xqtjkrh ugha i<+ jghA D;k bl ih<+h dks fQj ls xqtjkrh i<+kus dk iz;kl fd;k tk ldrk gSA eqacbZ esa 'kq) xqtjkrh fy[kus okys ;qok i=kdkjksa dh deh dh f'kdk;r dh tkrh gSA eqacbZ dh i=kdkfjrk Hkh iapjaxhA iqjkus eqacbZ ia dhpjaxlshB'kgj kuh tSlk mldk tyokA mlesa vdM+ Hkh dkQh rks dHkh #vkc HkhA blesa eqacbZ;k Lokn---,dLVªk elkyksa ds lkFk Likblh ÝkbZ fd;k x;k dHkh Lokfn"V rks dHkh eqag fcxkM+ nsus okyk dM+okiuA vusd jaxksa esa jaxh gqbZ gS eqacbZ dh xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrkA eksge;h eqacbZ xqtjkfr;ksa vkSj xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk dk ewyr% ufugkyA ,f'k;k dk lcls iqjkuk vkSj nqfu;k dk pkSFks Øe dk lcls iqjkuk v[kckj êqacbZ lekpkj* vkSj mldk ?kj eqacbZ esaA eqacbZ ds lekpkj gh ugha ysfdu eqacbZokfl;ksa dks nqfu;k Hkj ds lekpkj igqapkus ds mís'; ls egkxqtjkrh&ikjlh ekfydksa }kjk pyk;k tk jgk êqacbZ lekpkj* o"kZ 1822 esa 'kq: gqvk vkSj vc yxHkx nks lkS o"kZ dk bfrgkl vius vki esa vuqla/kku dk fo"k; gSA bl nkSjku dbZ v[kckj vkSj if=kdk,a vkbZa] dbZ fVds vkSj le`) gq,] eqacbZ dks le`) fd;k] eqacbZ ds xqtjkfr;ksa dks le`) fd;kA v[kckj vkSj if=kdkvksa dk jax :i cnyk] u;k Ükàxkj fd;k ysfdu Qksdl lekpkj ij gh jgkA xqtjkr esa ikap djksM+ xqtjkrh jgrs gSa vkSj eqacbZ esa 65 yk[k ds vklikl xqtjkrh fuokl djrs gSaA ckotwn blds xqtjkrh Hkk"kh ehfM;k dk fodkl bl egkuxj esa T;knk gqvkA o"kZ 1960 rd rks gqvk gh D;ksafd ml le; rd eqacbZ vkSj xqtjkr ,d gh jkT; ds fgLls FksA i=kdkfjrk igys eqacbZ esa fodflr gqbZ vkSj blds ckn vgenkckn vkSj lwjr igqaphA bl ckjs esa u rks T;knk ppkZ gksrh gS vkSj uk gh rqyukA tcfd vc yxHkx lk<+s ikap n'kd ds ckn QdZ fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA xqtjkr esa [kkldj fiNys n'kd esa xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk us Nykax yxkbZ gSA vjc lkxj dh ygjksa dh rjg mNky ekjrk eqacbZ vkSj mldk gjsd fgLlkA ,d leku xfr] izxfr ;gh gS eqacbZ dh

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

[kkfl;rA yxkrkj nkSM+ jgs 'kgj esa dqN #d tk, rks v[kjrk gSA eqacbZ esa i=kdkfjrk fQygky rks fLFkj gSA xtc dh 'kkafr gS] D;k ;g gkaQ jgh gS ;k fQj FkdkoV vk xbZ gSA vFkok u, fopkj vkSj ubZ pqukSfr;ksa dh 'kks/k esa gSA xqtjkr esa ^fnO; HkkLdj* ds vkus ds ckn v[kckjksa vkSj if=kdkvksa esa Hkh u, jksekap dk lapkj gqvk gSA dysoj cnykA VkbEl lewg ds ^uo xqtjkr le;* us xr o"kZ vgenkckn esa viuk laLdj.k 'kq: fd;k ,oa blds i'pkr gjsd v[kckj us ifjorZu fd,A fdlh us NksVs&eksVs ifjorZu fd, rks fdlh us ,M+h ls pksVh rd ifjorZu fd,A la{ksi esa lalkj esa ifjorZu ds fu;e ds lkeus flj >qdkA ;gh otg gS fd ifjorZu us xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk dks ges'kk mRlkgh j[kk] mnklhurk ugha nhA tks gS og pyrk gS vkSj Bhd gS--fd vkRelarks"k okyh ekufldrk tkjh ugha jghA eqacbZ esa fiNys n'kd esa ubZ pqukSr;ksa [kM+h ugha gqbZA ek/;eksa esa ,d rjg dh fLFkjrk vk xbZ gSA ^xqtjkr lekpkj* us eqacbZ laLdj.k 'kq: fd;k vkSj /khjs&/khjs iSj tek,A nwljh rjQ]

48 êqacbZ lekpkj* vius iqjkus xkSjo ds lkFk [kM+k jgkA lka/; nSfud ds :i esa ^feM&Ms* us etcwrh ls eqacbZ esa viuh txg cukbZA lkSjk"Vª VªLV ds ^tUeHkwfe* us eqacbZ ds O;kikjh oxZ esa viuh yksdfiz;rk cuk, j[khA eqacbZ ls izdkf'kr ^fp=kys[kk* xqtjkrh if=kdkvksa esa izgjh dh Hkwfedk fuHkk jgh gSA cktown blds xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ds ufugky esa vthc rjg dh fLFkjrk gSA eqacbZ ds ehfM;k dks fodkl ds fy, vc xqtjkr dh vksj utj nkSM+kus dh gkyr vkbZ gSA ^fp=kys[kk* us lkSjk"Vªdh vksj utj nkSM+kbZ rks êqacbZ lekpkj* us xqtjkr laLdj.k 'kq: fd;kA bl lcds chp lekpkj dh izLrqfr esa varj vk;kA fdlh Hkh ?kVuk dk lewpk fooj.k ;kuh lekpkjA ?kVuk,a ;k lekpkj ogh jgs ysfdu mudh izLrqfr cny xbZA vc izLrqfr vf/kd jkspd cuh gS vkSj Hkk"kk ds izokg dks vf/kd egRo fn;k x;k gSA lekpkjksa ds p;u esa FkksM+k varj vk;k gSA vViVs] vtc&xtc ;k ^tjk gV ds* lekpkjksa ds izfr lekpkj laikndksa dk #>ku c<+kA ehfM;k esa vk, cnyko dh otg ls Hkh budh t:jr Hkh [kM+h gqbZA dbZ ckj Vhoh vkSj baVjusV ek/;e] orZeku lekpkj i=k ;k if=kdk,a nwljs fnu gkFk esa vkrh gaS] rc rd lekpkj dks pck&pckdj ,slk dj nsrs gSa fd fizaV ehfM;k ds fy, ikBdksa dks u;k nsuk gh pqukSrh cu tkrk gSA blh otg ls v[kckjksa ,oa if=kdkvksa esa dbZ ckj ,Mokal esa 'kksd lekpkj Ni x,A xqtjkrh Hkk"kk vkSj [kkldj eqacbZ ds xqtjkrh ehfM;k ds fy, ,sls fdrus gh 'kksd lekpkjksa dh vdky e`R;q gqbZ gSA ysfdu êqacbZ lekpkj*] êqacbZ orZeku* vkSj blds ckn ^jkLr xks¶rkj* ls 'kq: gqvk i=kdkfjrk dk lQj xaxk ds ty tSlk LoPN gSA dHkh 'kkar vkSj dHkh rwQkuh jgh i=kdkfjrk us eqacbZ esa dkQh /kwi&Nko ns[kh gS vkSj 'kgj dks ikuh&ikuh dj nsus okyh ckfj'k esa Hkh ikBdksa rd lekpkj igqapk, gSaA xkso/kZujke ek/kojke f=kikBh] dUgS;kyky eqa'kh vkSj gfjUnz nos tSls xqtjkrh Hkk"kk ds l'kDr gLrk{kjksa us eqacbZ dh i=kdkfjrk dk gkFk idM+k vkSj mlds fodkl esa cM+k ;ksxnku fn;kA etcwjh esa ys[ku djus okys gkL; ys[kd rkjd egsrk Hkh ,d tekus esa eqacbZ ls izdkf'kr gksus okys îztkra=k* ds lkFk tqM+s gq, FksA xqtjkrh xty ds >aMkcjnkj 'kwU; ikyuiqjh dHkh êqacbZ lekpkj* esa lekpkjksa dk laiknu djrs FksA ^fp=kys[kk* dks f'k[kj ij ys tkus okys miU;kldkj gjfd'ku esgrk dks Hkwyk ugha tk ldrkA xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk dks le`) djus okys ,sls vusd uke gSaA vycÙkk ,d O;fä dks ;kn djuk gh gksxk vkSj ;s gSa gleq[k xka/khA bafM;u ,Dlizsl lewg ds v[kckj ^ledkyhu* ds laiknd xka/kh us

xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk dh 'kDy gh cny nhA dYiuk ds ijs tkdj dke fd;kA ,d fdLlk ;kn vkrk gS--jk"Vªifr 'kadj n;ky 'kekZ Fks vkSj fdlh lkoZtfud dk;ZØe ds nkSjku ?kqVus dh chekjh ls ihfM+r jk"Vªifr fxj x,A dsoy xqtjkrh gh ugha cfYd yxHkx lHkh v[kckjksa us dsoy rLohj yxkdj pyrkÅ dSI'ku fy[kdj lekpkj dk riZ.k dj fn;kA ysfdu gleq[k xka/kh rks vyx gh feêh ds cus FksA mUgksaus 110 ikbaV ds ek=k pkj 'kCnksa ds lkFk gSfMax fy[kk ^jk"Vªifr HkIi FkbZ x;k* fdlh Hkh ?kVuk dks ns[kus dk mudk utfj;k vuks[kk FkkA ledkyhu can gqvk ysfdu blds ikBdksa ds fy, ;g v[kckj ;kn cu x;kA eqacbZ ls dUgS;kyky eqa'kh us ^leiZ.k* vkSj ûouhr* uked nks if=kdk,a 'kq: dh FkhA nksuksa dk lkfgR; {ks=k esa [kklk ;ksxnku jgkA vkt nksuksa if=kdk,a ûouhr leiZ.k* ds ,d uke ds rgr izdkf'kr gksrh gSaA blh rjg ^dfork* Hkh yxkrkj 1967 ls izdkf'kr gks jgh gSA if=kdkvksa esa ^fp=kys[kk* vkxs jgh ysfdu ^vfHk;ku* vkSj ^;qon'kZu* tSlh if=kdkvksa us Hkh eqacbZokfl;ksa ij viuh Nki NksM+h gSA blds vykok ^lfork*] ûoydFkk*] ^fMVsfDVo*] ^cs ?kM+h ekst* vkSj ^cksEcs ekdsZV* tSlh if=kdk,a vkbZ vkSj vyx jkg fn[kk xbZaA 'ks;j cktkj dh rsth ds nkSjku vusd fctusl izdk'ku LVkWy rd igqaps ysfdu ;s vf/kd le; ftank u jg ldsA eqacbZ esa vHkh Hkh xqtjkrh ehfM;k dks flj ij cSBkus dh {kerk gS] t:jr gS ukM+h ij[kus dhA ;g ekuk fd vaxzsth ek/;e dh otg ls ubZ ih<+h xqtjkrh ugha i<+ jghA D;k bl ih<+h dks fQj ls xqtjkrh i<+kus dk iz;kl fd;k tk ldrk gSA eqacbZ esa 'kq) xqtjkrh fy[kus okys ;qok i=kdkjksa dh deh dh f'kdk;r dh tkrh gSA ;g ckr lgh gSA blds vykok vusd leL;k,a gSaA xqtjkrh fy[kus okys vkSj le>us okys feyrs ugha] ;g iwjh rjg lp ugha gS ysfdu bl {ks=k esa laHkor% vkd"kZ.k ?kV x;k gSA ;gh gkyr xqtjkrh ikBdksa dh gSaA ckj&ckj ;g f'kdk;r lquus dks feyrh gS fd vc dksbZ xqtjkrh ugha i<+rkA okLrfodrk ;g gS fd xqtjkrh i<+uk vusd dks vkrk gS ysfdu mUgsa tks pkfg, og xqtjkrh esa ugha feyrkA ;gh otg gS fd ;g oxZ nwljh Hkk"kk ds ehfM;k dh vksj eqM+k gSA budks xqtjkrh dh vksj fQj ls eksM+uk eqacbZ dh xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ds fy, lcls cM+h pqukSrh gSA ¼ys[kd eqacbZ lekpkj esa lekpkj laiknd gSaA eqacbZ dh i=kdkfjrk esa nks n'kd ls tqM+s gq, gSaA½

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

u;k nkSj] ubZ pqukSfr;ka 'kSys"k jkoy

QksVksxzkQh ls cu jgh igpku xqtjkrh QksVks i=kdkfjrk dk Hkfo"; vxyh ih<+h ds gkFk esa T;knk mTToy vkSj lqj{kk ds lkFk izxfr'khy curk fn[kkbZ ns jgk gS D;ksafd ubZ fMftVy VsDukykWth ls ,d lk/ku ds rkSj ij dSejk] ljy vkSj lLrk cuk gSA gj O;fä ds gkFk esa isu Hkys uk gks eksckby dSejk t:j gksrk gSA ftlls QksVksxzkQh vklku cuh gSA gS ,d QksVksA vui<+ d ;kgkordegS i<+gtkjs&fy[ks'kCnksyksa xdksHkhO;Drftu djrk 'kCnksa dks ugha le> ldrs] os ,d QksVks ds ek/;e ls lkjs ?kVukØe dks vklkuh ls le> tkrs gSaA o"kZ 1915 esa Hkkjr dh vktknh ds cht tc fczVsu fLFkr bafM;k gkml esa cks, tk jgs Fks rc QksVksxzkQh dh 'kq#vkr gqbZA Hkkjr esa QksVksxzkQh vaxzstksa dh T;knk pgy&igy okys xqtjkr] jktLFkku vkSj iatkc esa fn[kkbZ nhA xqtjkr dh ckr dh tk, rks

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

xqtjkr dh jkt/kkuh eqacbZ Fkh vkSj vgenkckn lkaLd`frd jkt/kkuhA xqtjkr esa jktdksV ds tks'kh ca/kq] eqacbZ ds esgrk cznlZ QksVksxzkQh ds l'kDr gLrk{kj cudj mHkjsA Hkkjr esa 'kq#vkrh QksVksxzkQh ds fy, tks dSejs mi;ksx esa vk, mudks ns[krs gq, vke tu budks dkys tknw dk dkyk fMCck] dky eq[kh fMCck tSls ukeksa ls iqdkjus yxsA xqtjkr esa jktegyksa dh Nr ls izos'k gqbZ ;g egaxh

50 xqtjkr esa jktegyksa dh Nr ls izos'k gqbZ ;g egaxh dyk 'kq#vkr esa jktegyksa rd lhfer FkhA [kklrkSj ij lkSjk"Vªesa jktdksV] twukx<+] Hkkouxj] eksjch] tkeuxj] okadkusj] dPN vkSj e/; xqtjkr esa oMksnkjk ds jkt?kjkus esa QksVks [khapus dh dyk us dne j[ksA jktdqaoj] jktdqekjh] jktk&egkjktk] jkfu;ksa ds ?kwa?kV ¼¶yS'k½ dh rLohjsa [khaph xbZA dyk 'kq#vkr esa jktegyksa rd lhfer FkhA [kklrkSj ij lkSjk"Vªesa jktdksV] twukx<+] Hkkouxj] eksjch] tkeuxj] okadkusj] dPN vkSj e/; xqtjkr esa oMksnkjk ds jkt?kjkus esa QksVks [khapus dh dyk us dne j[ksA jktdqaoj] jktdqekjh] jktk&egkjktk] jkfu;ksa ds ?kwa?kV ¼¶yS'k½ dh rLohjsa [khaph xbZA xqtjkr ds vykok jktLFkku] enzkl] gSnjkckn] fnYyh ds jkt?kjkus Hkh QksVks ds {ks=k esa dne feyk jgs FksA oM+ksnjk esa xk;dokM+ jkt?kjkus us QksVksxzkQh dks dkQh c<+kok fn;kA nqfu;k ds vU; ns'kksa dh rqyuk esa Hkkjr esa QksVksxzkQh dk de fodkl gksus dk eq[; dkj.k Lora=krk laxzke FkkA reke ns'kokfl;ksa dk ,d gh y{; vktknh gksus ls QksVksxzkQh dyk ds izfr LokHkkfod /;ku de jgkA o"kZ 1910 esa vgenkckn ds fjph jksM] lykil jksM esa LVwfM;ks FksA yksx ;gka jSDl LVwfM;ks] ekWMy LVwfM;ks] egqfydj LVwfM;ks] ijh[k LVwfM;ks] Hkkouxjh LVwfM;ks dh >yd ns[kus vkrs FksA mu fnuksa QksVksxzkQjksa esa tuknZu nh?ks] doMs cnlZ] {k=kifr] tslh bathfu;j ,oa efgyk QksVksxzkQj esa ljLorh dksfV'k ds uke eq[; FksA gky esa tgka psruk gksVy gS] ogka dksfV'k LVwfM;ks FkkA ^dqekj* xqtjkr dh yksdfiz; lelkef;d if=kdk FkhA D;ksafd mldk usr`Ro jfo'kadj jkoy dj jgs FksA QksVks i=kdkfjrk dks c<+kok nsus esa ^dqekj* dk vewY; ;ksxnku jgkA eqacbZ ls izdkf'kr ^20oha lnh* if=kdk eqacbZ dh QksVks i=kdkfjrk ds fy, IysVQkeZ cuhA cyoar Hkê us 12 vizSy 1930 ls vgenkckn ds xka/kh vkJe ls 'kq: gqbZ nkaMh ;k=kk dh QksVksxzkQh dh vkSj mudh QksVks dks ^dqekj* if=kdk ds vizSy 1930 ds vad esa lsfQ;k Vksu dyj esa izdkf'kr fd;k x;kA bl ij fczfV'k ljdkj us ^dqekj* ds vad tCr dj fy,A xqtjkrh esa QksVks i=kdkfjrk dk lPpk xkSjo Jhnke Hkê ewy uke t;afr yky ds'ko yky Hkê dks fn;k tkrk gSA Hkê 1930 esa bl {ks=k esa mrjsA mUgksaus o"kZ 1946 esa fp=kk LVwfM;ks dh LFkkiuk e¶ryky nwf/k;k ds lkFk feydj dhA ^dqekj*] ^dkSeqnh*] ^uopsru*] ^QwyNkc*] ^VkbEl vkWQ bafM;k*] ^fganw enzkl*] ^lans'k* vkSj ^xqtjkr lekpkj* mudh QksVks i=kdkfjrk ds fy, ;kn fd, tkrs gSaA fugkfjdk QksVks Dyc dh LFkkiuk dk Hkh Js; Jhnke Hkê

dks tkrk gSA ,d ikjlh ;qok QksVksxzkQj rsel xsêh us xqtjkr dk izfrfuf/kRo fo'o Lrj ij fd;kA rsel xsêh fo'o izfl) izFke nl QksVksxzkQjksa esa 'kkfey gSaA xqtjkrh QksVks i=kdkfjrk esa dbZ uke eq[; gSa vkSj orZeku esa thfor QksVks i=kdkj dy bfrgkl cusaxsA yfyrdyk vdkneh }kjk o"kZ 1983 ls 2008 rd xqtjkrh QksVks i=kdkfjrk esa ftu eq[; ukeksa dks 'kkfey fd;k x;k] muesa txu esgrk] cyoar Hkê] , ,y lS;n] Jhnke Hkê] nÙkk [kksidj] izk.kyky iVsy] fpuwHkkbZ iVsy] ,y,e iksey] T;ksfr Hkê] gksekbZ O;kjkokyk] jk?ko dusfj;k] lqjsUnz iVsy] gsesUnz 'kkg] olar la?koh] lksekHkkbZ feL=kh] iq"ionu [k=kh] ijekuan nyokMh] lur 'kks/ku] lqjs'k ikjs[k] fxjh'k [k=kh] 'kSys'k jkoy] dY;k.k 'kkg] /kulq[k iVsy gSaA vk/kqfud xqtjkrh QksVks i=kdkfjrk esa lqdnso Hkpsp] 'kkafryky 'kkg] Hkkypanz HkkbZ] egsUnz dkaVkokyk] >sojh yky esgrk] 'kSys"k jkoy] th ,p ekLVj dks eq[; ekuk tkrk gSA xqtjkrh QksVks i=kdkfjrk dk Hkfo"; vxyh ih<+h ds gkFk esa T;knk mTToy vkSj lqj{kk ds lkFk izxfr'khy curk fn[kkbZ ns jgk gS] D;ksafd ubZ fMftVy VsDukykWth ls ,d lk/ku ds rkSj ij dSejk] ljy vkSj lLrk cuk gSA gj O;fä ds gkFk esa isu Hkys uk gks eksckby dSejk t:j gksrk gSA ftlls QksVksxzkQh vklku cuh gSA xqtjkr us ftl rjg fiNys nks n'kd esa QksVksxzkQh dyk dks laHkky dj j[kk gS vkSj mPp Lrj ds QksVksxzkQj fn, gSa mudh rqyuk esa fodkl'khy ifjofrZr le; esa fMftVy ;qx ds mÙke QksVksxzkQjksa dh vis{kk okftc gSA u, ;qx dk ;qok /ku f'kf{kr gS] VsDukykWth dk ekLVj gSA MkdZ :e vc dEI;wVj esa lhfer gks x, gSaA ubZ VsDukykWth ds lkFk v|ru dSejksa dh vklku miyfC/k vkSj baVjsuV dusD'ku ls ubZ QksVksxzkQh ih<+h dks de esgur ls vPNk Qy fey jgk gSA xqtjkrh QksVks i=kdkfjrk oSf'od eap ij igqaph gSA ysfdu vc fMftVy ;qx ds le; esa ;g vkSj rsth ls vkxs c<+sxh] ;g r; gSA ¼ys[kd bafM;k VqMs lewg esa QksVkstuZfyLV gSaA½

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

u;k nkSj] ubZ pqukSfr;ka fiadh nyky

gkf'k, ij gh gSa efgyk i=kdkj

oy 15 o"kZ igys dh ckr gSA ,d efgyk i=kdkj tks jsyos ds chV doj djrh gSA eqacbZ tSls egkuxj esa jsy thoujs[kk dk dke djrh FkhA ,sls esa bls doj djus ds fy, dsoy mRlkgh ugha] cfYd esgurh ,oa vyVZ i=kdkj pkfg,A bl efgyk i=kdkj us jsyos chV o"kksaZ rd dh FkhA bl efgyk i=kdkj ds ifr us fons'k ;k=kk ds nkSjku ,d dSejk [kjhnk Fkk] tks viuh iRuh dks migkj esa fn;kA ;kn j[ksa og le; lsYQh ;k eksckby Qksu ds dSejs dk ugha FkkA efgyk i=kdkj us bl dSejs dk mi;ksx fd;k vkSj jsy fVdV pkSdj }kjk pyk, tk jgs jSdsV dk HkkaMkQksM+ fd;kA bldk urhtk ;g fudyk fd Ng Vhlh ukSdjh ls fuyafcr gq,A bl efgyk i=kdkj dh chV rks Fkh yksdy Vªsu ysfdu dqN vf/kd] dqN u;k djus dh reUuk dh otg ls ;g gqvkA ,slk vkerkSj ij efgyk i=kdkj rks Bhd iq#"k i=kdkj Hkh ugha djrsA i=kdkfjrk esa efgyk ,oa iq#"k i=kdkj nksuksa esa varj gksrk gS D;k\ tgka osru] in vkSj ftEesnkjh dh leku fgLlsnkjh djuh gks ogka efgyk i=kdkj fdl rjg efgyk gksus dh ckr dgdj viuh ftEesnkjh ls cpus dk jkLrk <wa<+ ldrh gS\ bysDVªkWfud ehfM;k ;k vaxzsth v[kckjksa dh ckr vyx gks ldrh gS ysfdu xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa efgyk i=kdkjksa dh la[;k fujarj ?kVrh tk jgh gSA ;g D;ksa\ bl loky dk tokc <wa<+uk dfBu ugha gSA ehfM;k ds fnXxtksa dh mnklhurk] ykijokgiw.kZ uhfr lcls cM+k dkj.k ,oa lkFk&lkFk nwljs {ks=kksa esa c<+rs tk jgs lqfo/kkiw.kZ ekSds Hkh bldh ,d otg gSA lkekU; le> ds fy, mnkgj.k ls ;g ckr le>kbZ tk ldrh gSA i=kdkfjrk esa u vkus dk lcls cM+k dkj.k vPNs osru dk u gksuk gS ghA ysfdu eqacbZ tSls egkuxj esa cnyh ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, vf/kdrj izfrf"Br vkSj vehj v[kckj ,oa U;wt pSuy efgyk i=kdkjksa dks nsj jkr M;wVh ds ckn nwj miuxjksa esa muds ?kj rd MªkWi djus dh O;oLFkk djrs gSaA ysfdu xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa ,slh vk'kk j[kuk ?kkl ds <sj esa lqbZ <wa<+us tSlk gSA ;fn dksbZ ?kksM+k vaMk ns rks ,slh lqfo/kk feys---! vioknLo:i dksbZ ehfM;k gkml ,slh O;oLFkk j[krk gks vkSj esjh ;g ckr xyr lkfcr gks rks eq>s vkuan gksxkA ysfdu bl le; rks eq>s bldh vk'kk ugha gSA vf/kdrj v[kckjksa us fdlfy, ;g ljy ekxZ [kkstk gS\ efgyk i=kdkjksa dks jkr dh M;wVh u nsus ;k ckn esa lqj{kk iznku djus dh >a>V uk jgsA ysfdu bu dkj.kksa ls

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

efgyk i=kdkj /khjs&/khjs gkfl, ij /kdsy nh xbaZA vc buds fgLls gSa lkW¶V chV ;k ifjf'k"V ;kuh iwfrZ;ksa dks laHkkyus dh ftEesnkjhA gkykafd] ;g dk;Z i=kdkfjrk dk fgLlk gS ysfdu eq[;/kkjk dh i=kdkfjrk ls ckgjA de ftEesnkjh vkSj de is&iSdsVl--;s nksuksa dkjd lkFk&lkFk pyrs gSaA ;gh otg gS fd efgyk i=kdkjksa dh xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk] fo'ks"kdj v[kckj dh eq[;/kkjk esa M;wVh uk feyus ls #fp [kRe gks jgh gSA blds ckn ;k rks efgyk i=kdkj fdlh if=kdk esa iw.kZdkfyd dke djuk ilan djrh gS ;k fQj bysDVªkWfud ehfM;k esa tkrh gSA bl ifjfLFkfr dh okLrfodrk tkuuh gks rks [kkldj eqacbZ ds xqtjkrh nSfudksa ds dk;kZy; esa vpkud tk;tk ysuk pkfg,A jkr lk<+s vkB ls nl cts ds chp tc v[kckjksa dh gSMykbal r; gksrh gaS] tks'k [kjks'k ls dke gksrk gS ml le; 'kk;n gh dksbZ efgyk i=kdkj vkidks utj vk,xhA bl gkyr ds fy, dkSu ftEesnkj gS vkSj blesa dksbZ peRdkj dh laHkkouk gS ;k dksbZ vk'kk] vis{kk ,oa lokyksa ds fy, ;gka dksbZ LFkku ughaA ¼ysf[kdk ,f'k;k ds lcls iqjkus v[kckj eqacbZ lekpkj dh laiknd jgh gaS ,oa fofHkUu v[kckjksa esa fu;fer LraHk fy[k jgh gSaA½

u;k nkSj] ubZ pqukSfr;ka dqyoar gSIih

gkoh cktkjokn ,oa dkjksckjh utfj;k ;fn lekpkj i=kksa dh ckxMksj nwjn'khZ ,oa vPNs laikndksa dh ctk; dkjksckfj;ksa ds gkFk esa vk tk, rks ,d l'kDr i=kdkfjrk dh mEehn djuk] FkksM+k&lk csbZekuh Hkjk [;ky Hkh gksrk tkrk gSA bl rjg ds laLFkkuksa esa laiknd dsoy chjcy dh Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gSa] tks vdcj dh gka esa dsoy gka feykrs gSa D;ksafd ekeyk vkthfodk ls tqM+k gqvk gSA ,oa mlls lVs vU; jkT;ksa ^v ls[kckjizdughakf'kr] vkagksnuksys okysu*] ;g,dfcgkjizfrf"Br lekpkj i=k izHkkr [kcj dh VSxykbu gSA gkykafd] VSxykbu dk bLrseky vktdy foKkiuksa esa mRiknksa ds fy, vf/kd fd;k tkrk gSA bruk gh ugha] VSxykbu dgha u dgha mRikn ;k vU; pht ls tqM+s –f"Vdks.k dks iznf'kZr djrh gS vkSj fdlh Hkh lekpkj i=k dh VSxykbu laiknd ;k lewg ekfyd dh Lohd`fr ds fcuk dHkh ikl ugha gks ldrhA blfy, VSxykbu dks ge ,d lekpkj i=k dk psgjk eku ldrs gSa] leLr lewg dk utfj;kA xqtjkrh lekpkj i=kksa esa VSxykbu dh ,d cM+h deh gS] tks 'kk;n vke ikBdksa ds fy, vf/kd egRo rks u j[krh gks] exj VSxykbu ges'kk laiknd ,oa lekpkj i=k lewg ds vU; lnL;ksa dks dqN u;k djus ds fy, izsfjr djrh gSA eq>s xqtjkr vk, vkt djhcu rhu o"kZ ls vf/kd le; gks pyk gS] bl nkSjku jkT; esa izdkf'kr gksus okys xqtjkrh] fgUnh ,oa vaxzsth lekpkj i=kksa dks fujarj i<+k] tkapk ,oa dqN fu"d"kZ fudkys] mldk ,d uewuk vki 'kq#vkr esa i<+ pqds gSaA bl nkSjku vU; cgqr lh ckrsa xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ds lanHkZ esa tkuus dks feyhaA ftuds ckjs esa vkxs ppkZ djus tk jgk gwaA gks ldrk gS fd ;g ,d i{k gksA gkykafd] esjh dksf'k'k jgsxh fd bl vkys[k esa xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ds gj i{k dks fu"i{krk ds lkFk j[kk tk,] rkfd vkys[k dgha ls ,di{kh; u yxsA lekpkj i=kksa esa ,di{kh; ys[ku fey tkrk gS] tks fu"i{k i=kdkfjrk dks pksV igqapkrk gSA vk/kqfud xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa] tks lcls cM+h deh utj vkbZ] oks [kksth ,oa Lora=k i=kdkfjrk dh gSA ,slk ugha gS fd

xqtjkr esa lkglh i=kdkjksa dh deh gS] dqN lkgfld i=kdkj vkt Hkh ljdkj ;k vU; iz'kklu dh vka[k esa fdlh fruds dh Hkkafr [kVd jgs gSaA Hkkjr ds vU; jkT;ksa dh rjg xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ds Nk=kksa dks LFkkuh; egku laikndksa ,oa i=kdkjksa ds thou ds ckjs esa v/;;u ds nkSjku i<+k;k tkrk gSA f'k{kk ds ckn tc ;g ukSflf[k;k i=kdkj Lo;a dks yhd ls gVdj pyus ds fy, izsfjr djrs gSa rks mudks dfBu ifjfLFkfr;ksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+rk gSA dqN lky igys ,d ;qok i=kdkj us rF;ksa ds vk/kkj ij ,d [kcj izdkf'kr dh] tks ,d xjhc ifjokj ls tqM+h gqbZ Fkh vkSj ,d rkdroj O;fDr ds f[kykQ FkhA vxys fnu laiknd us ;qok i=kdkj dks vius dSfcu esa cqyk;k ,oa lekpkj i=k ls ckgj dk jkLrk fn[kk fn;kA gkykafd] lekpkj i=k ds laiknd dks rF;ksa ij vk/kkfjr lekpkj ds vk/kkj ij vius i=kdkj ds lkFk [kM+s gksuk pkfg, Fkk] tSlk ,d vPNk laiknd djrk gS] exj bl laiknd dh vkthfodk mlds ekfyd ds gkFk esa Fkh] tks ,d v[kckj ekfyd gksus ds lkFk lkFk fj;y ,LVsV dkjksckjh Hkh gSA bl rjg ds gtkjksa mnkjg.k gSa] ftudks dqN 'kCnksa esa lesVuk csgn eqf'dy gSA vxj vki fdlh xqtjkrh ehfM;k ds lekpkj d{k ds vanj izos'k djsa ,oa i=kdkjksa dk utfj;k tkuus dk iz;kl vki djsa rks vkidks irk pysxk fd bu d{kksa esa fdl rjg Lora=k i=kdkj dh e`R;q gksrh gSA bldk eq[; dkj.k cktkjhdj.k vkSj lekpkj i=kksa ij dkjksckfj;ksa dk LokfeRo gSA xqtjkr ds dqNsd cM+s xqtjkrh ehfM;k laLFkku fj;y ,LVsV ds {ks=k ls tqM+s gq, gSaA tc vki iw.kZ :i ls ,d O;olk;h dh Hkwfedk esa vkrs gSa rks vkids fy, ljdkj fojks/kh gksuk csgn eqf'dy gks tkrk gS D;ksafd dksbZ Hkh /ka/kk ljdkj ds lg;ksx ds

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

fcuk rsth ls pykuk eqf'dy gSA bldk rjksrktk mnkgj.k vki if'peh caxky dh lkjnk fpVQaM daiuh ds :i esa ns[k ldrs gSaA ;fn lekpkj i=kksa dh ckxMksj nwjn'khZ ,oa vPNs laikndksa dh ctk; dkjksckfj;ksa ds gkFk esa vk tk, rks ,d l'kDr i=kdkfjrk dh mEehn djuk] FkksM+k&lk csbZekuh Hkjk [;ky Hkh gksrk tkrk gSA bl rjg ds laLFkkuksa esa laiknd dsoy chjcy dh Hkwfedk fuHkkrs gSa] tks vdcj dh gka esa dsoy gka feykrs gSa D;ksafd ekeyk vkthfodk ls tqM+k gqvk gSA xqtjkrh Hkk"kk ds izfrf"Br lekpkj i=k lewgksa esa ehfM;k dfeZ;ksa dk 'kks"k.k dqN lky igys rd vke ckr FkhA exj] cktkj esa u, lekpkj i=kksa ds foLrkj us iqjkus izfrf"Br lekpkj i=kksa ds izca/ku dks lkspus ij etcwj dj fn;k D;ksafd vc ehfM;k deZpkfj;ksa ds ikl dkQh fodYi gSaA exj] laikndksa dh vkilh lkaBxkaB ds dkj.k deZpkfj;ksa ds fy, dHkh&dHkh laLFkku cnyus tSls fodYi Hkh ugha cprs gSaA dqN eghus igys xqtjkr esa 'kq: gq, ,d lekpkj i=k us ,d fo'ks"k lekpkj i=k ds deZpkfj;ksa dks ysus ls lkQ euk dj fn;k] tcfd ,d vU; lekpkj i=k lewg ds cgqr lkjs deZpkfj;ksa dks ,d lkFk

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

mBk fy;k x;kA gkykafd] ;g iwjk dk;Z ,d ykWch ds rgr gksrk gSA dqN ehfM;k laLFkku rks 'kks"k.k djus ds fy, brus cnuke gSa fd ehfM;k dehZ uke lqudj gh nwj ls lyke Bksduk ilan djrs gSaA nwljs jkT;ksa dh rjg xqtjkr ds lekpkj i=k Hkh vk/kqfud gks pqds gSaA Hkkjr esa rsth ls foLrkj dj jgs ehfM;k gkml ds lekpkj i=k fnO; HkkLdj us xqtjkr dh i=kdkfjrk dks vk/kqfud le; dh i=kdkfjrk dks viukus ij etcwj dj fn;kA vk/kqfud i=kdkfjrk esa [kksth ,oa l'kä i=kdkfjrk ls vf/kd v[kckj dk :i jax] [kcjksa dks izdkf'kr djus dk rjhdk] jk"Vªh; rFkk varjjk"Vªh; lekpkjksa dks izeq[krk ls izdkf'kr djuk egRo j[krk gSA blds vykok lekpkj i=k esa LFkkuh; ikfVZ;ksa ,oa 'kgj esa vkus okyh cM+h gfLr;ksa dks fo'ks"k txg feyrh gS] tks lekpkj i=k dks fcYdqy ist Fkzh cuk nsrk gS] tcfd vU; jkT;ksa esa LFkkuh; pkj i`"Bksa dk eryc gksrk gS fd LFkkuh; eqíksa ,oa leL;kvksa dks mHkkjuk ,oa LFkkuh; iz'kklu rd mudks igqapkukA gkykafd] dqN v[kckj vkt vHkh vius iqjkus :i&jax esa Nirs gSa vkSj mudks ys&vkmV tSlh phtksa ls dqN Hkh ysuk&nsuk ugha

54 laikndksa dh vkilh lkaBxkaB ds dkj.k deZpkfj;ksa ds fy, dHkh dHkh laLFkku cnyus tSls fodYi Hkh ugha cprs gSaA xqtjkr esa 'kq: gq, ,d lekpkj i=k us ,d fo'ks"k lekpkj i=k ds deZpkfj;ksa dks ysus ls lkQ euk dj fn;k] tcfd ,d vU; lekpkj i=k lewg ds cgqr lkjs deZpkfj;ksa dks ,d lkFk mBk fy;k x;kA gkykafd] ;g iwjk dk;Z ,d ykWch ds rgr gksrk gSA gSA bl rjg ds laLFkkuksa esa yksx ;a=kor rjhds ls dk;Z djrs gSa] tgka dqN u;k djus dh dksbZ ftKklk iSnk gh ugha gksrh ,oa dkjksckjh v[kckj ekfyd dk /;ku dsoy VuZvksoj ij gS] tks fdlh Hkh gkyr esa ?kVuk ugha pkfg,A tcfd dq'ky i=kdkj dh igpku ;gh gS fd og lekpkj lwa?kk gksA vlyh i=kdkj dks ges'kk lekpkj dh lwa?k gksrh gSA mlds lkeus usrkvksa ds Hkk"k.kksa dk iqfyank j[k nhft,] og muesa ls lekpkj lwa?k ysxkA xqtjkrh lekpkj i=kksa esa ns'k ds vU; lekpkj i=kksa dh rjg ;g deh Hkh cgqr [kyrh gS tcfd vaxzsth lekpkj i=kksa esa [kksth lekpkjksa dks fo'ks"k rjthg nh tkrh gSA exj] vaxzsth lekpkj i=kksa dk foLrkj mruk ugha] ftruk fd LFkkuh; Hkk"kk esa fudyus okys lekpkj i=kksa dk gSA gfj;k.kk lkfgR; vdkneh dh yksd laidZ fdrkc ds vuqlkj] nSfud v[kckj tks jkst ?kj esa vkrk gS] ifjokj dk ,d lnL; gh cu tkrk gSA x`gLokeh dks vius lekpkj i=k ij bruk fo'okl gks tkrk gS fd tc rd og dksbZ [kcj vius v[kckj esa Nih u ns[k ys] mls ml [kcj dh lPpkbZ ij fo'okl ugha gksrk gSA [kcjksa dks i<+us ds ckn pkSiky ;k eaMyh esa cSBdj yksx ,d nwljs ls fopkjksa dk vknku&iznku djrs gSa] bl rjg tuer dks rS;kj djus ds fy, v[kckj ,d egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk fuHkkrk gSA vxj lekpkj i=k izsl uksVksa ;k fdlh ds c;kuksa dks gwcgw Nkiuk 'kq: dj ns] rks 'kk;n ,d lgh tuer rS;kj u gks ik,A fdlh Hkh lekpkj dks izdkf'kr djus ls igys mlds lekpkjRo dks ns[kuk vfr egRoiw.kZ gksrk gSA exj] vk/kqfud i=kdkfjrk esa ;gka cgqr cM+h pwd gks jgh gS] bl ekeys esa pkgs xqtjkr gks ;k dksbZ vU; jkT;] vf/kd varj ughaA eSa xqtjkr fLFkr ,d fgUnh lekpkj i=k ds dk;kZy; esa x;kA deZpkfj;ksa ls ckrphr dh] rks irk pyk fd v[kckj dsoy ljdkjh foKkiuksa ls gksus okyh vkenuh ds fy, fudyrk gSA lekpkjksa dks ,d U;wt ,tsalh ;k vU; lekpkj iksVZyksa ls mBk;k tk jgk Fkk] lh/ks&lh/ks la'kks/ku ds fcuk izdkf'kr fd;k tk jgk FkkA bu

lekpkj i=kksa dk mís'; turk ds fgr ugha] dsoy Lo;a ds fgr lk/kuk gSA Lora=krk dh yM+kbZ esa 'kkfey gksus ds fy, turk dks izsfjr djus ds fy, 'kq: gq, vf/kdrj v[kckj cktkjokn dh vka/kh esa lekIr gks x, ;k cgqr lhfer {ks=kksa esa viuk lapkyu dj jgs gSaA cktkj ij mu lekpkj i=kksa us viuk ncnck cuk fy;k gS] tks dsoy foKkiu ,oa dkjksckj dh n`f"V ls 'kq: gq, FksA ekStwnk cM+s ehfM;k laLFkku vius lekpkj i=k dks ,d [kwclwjr mRikn dh rjg cktkj esa mrkjrs gSaA xqtjkr esa bl le; nks rjg ds ehfM;k laLFkku gSa] ,d rks tgka ekfyd Lo;a v[kckj dks ,d Meh laiknd ds ekQZr pykrk gSA nwljk] tgka ehfM;k cM+s laLFkku us vius lekpkj i=k ds foLrkj dh iwjh ftEesnkjh vius fu;qä laiknd dks lkSaih gqbZ gSA igys okys laLFkkuksa esa ehfM;k deZpkfj;ksa dk vf/kd 'kks"k.k gksrk gS] D;ksafd dkjksckjh ekfyd dk lekpkj i=k esa lh/kk gLr{ksi laiknd ,oa laoknnkrk dh Lora=krk dks Nhurk gSA dkjksckjh utfj;k ,d laiknd ;k lkglh i=kdkj dh le> dks dHkh le>us esa l{ke ugha gksrk] mldk mís'; dsoy Lo;a ds dkjksckj dks foLrkj nsuk gksrk gSA gkykafd] vkt Hkh dqNsd lekpkj i=k vius iqjkus fl)karksa ij fVds gq, gSa tSls fd tUeHkwfe VªLV ds cSuj rys izdkf'kr gksus okys lekpkj i=kA bl lekpkj i=k dh VSxykbu ^tuuh tUeHkwef'p LoxkZnfi xjh;lh* ¼tuuh vkSj tUeHkwfe LoxZ ls Hkh egku gS½] Hkh cgqr dqN dgrh gS] 'kk;n blh dkj.k ;g lekpkj i=k vkt Hkh vius ewy fl)karksa ij fVdk gqvk gS] cktkj ds izHkko ls eqDr gSA exj] bl rjg ds lekpkj i=kksa dks jktsanz ekFkqj tSls xeZtks'kh okys] foLrkj esa #fp j[kus okys laiknd ulhc ugha gks ikrs] ftlds dkj.k budk {ks=k fnu izfr fnu fldqM+rk tk jgk gS] tks csgn fpark dk fo"k; gSA ¼ys[kd ;qokjkWDl MkWV dkWe ds lapkyd gSaA nSfud tkxj.k] iatkc dsljh fnYyh] lhek lans'k] ;kgw U;wt iatkch] tkuks nqfu;k fgUnh U;wt pSuy lesr ntZuksa ehfM;k laLFkkuksa esa vyx vyx inksa ij dk;Z dj pqds gSaA fiNys vkB lky ls lfØ; CykWxj gSaA½

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

u;k nkSj] ubZ pqukSfr;ka t;s'k fprfy;k

xaHkhj vkfFkZd foe'kkZsa dk bartkj! xqtjkrh v[kckjksa esa ;g nks"k vHkh Hkh cjdjkj gS fd dbZ [kcjsa vaxzsth ls m/kkj ysdj vuqokn ds :i esa Nkih tk jgh gaSA ,d ;k nks i=kdkjksa dks U;wt cVksjus] fjiksfVaZx] vuqokn] ist esfdax rd ds dke esa >ksad fn;k tkrk gS ftldh otg ls os u rks vFkZO;oLFkk ds tkudkjksa ds lkFk viuk le; fcrk ikrs gSa vkSj u gh xgu fo'ys"k.k ds fy, muds ikl le; gksrk gSA bldk [kkfe;ktk Hkh Hkksxuk gksxkA tUetkr O;kikfjd xq leqtjkrhnk;leqgS vkSnk;j dkjks ckj djus okyksa dh bl ckr esa xgjh mRlqdrk jgrh gS fd ns'k&nqfu;k esa dgka D;k ?kV jgk gSA bldh lh/kh otg gS fd fdlh Hkh ?kVuk dk igyk vlj dkjksckj ij gksrk gSA Hkkjr esa vktknh ds ckn xqtjkrh lekpkj i=k lewg tUeHkwfe us ^O;kikj* v[kckj dh 'kq#vkr dkjksckfj;ksa dks dkjksckj ds foLrkj esa lgk;rk igqapkus ds mís'; ls dhA lkFk gh xqtjkrh nSfud v[kckjksa esa 'ks;j cktkj dh fjiksVZ] dqN 'ks;jksa vkSj deksfMVh ds Hkko ls T;knk dqN ijkslk ugha tkrk FkkA ysfdu vkfFkZd mnkjhdj.k dh gok pyh vkSj eueksgu flag foÙk ea=kh cus rc vkfFkZd [kcjksa dh tks vgfe;r 'kq: gqbZ] og dHkh ihNs ugha gVh vkSj xqtjkrh Hkk"kk ds nSfudksa esa vkfFkZd [kcjksa ,oa fo'ys"k.kksa ds istksa dh la[;k c<+hA ns'k esa vkfFkZd i=kdkfjrk dh 'kq#vkr fczfV'k eSusftax ,tsafl;ksa dh izsj.kk ls gh gqbZA ns'k esa igyh vkfFkZd lanHkksaZ dh if=kdk ^dSfiVy* uke ls 1886 esa dksydkrk ls fudyhA blds ckn eqacbZ ls fudys ^dkelZ* lkIrkfgd us viuh [kkl igpku cukbZA ;g if=kdk 1910 esa dksydkrk ls Hkh izkjaHk gqbZA 1928 esa dksydkrk ls ^bafM;u Qkbusal* 'kq: gqvkA fnYyh ls 1943 esa ^bZLVuZ bdkukfeDl* vkSj ^Qkbusaf'k;y ,Dlizsl* dk izdk'ku gqvkA vktknh ds ckn xqtjkrh Hkk"kk dks NksM+dj fganh lfgr vU; Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa esa vkfFkZd i=kdkfjrk ds {ks=k esa dksbZ vge dksf'k'k ugha gqbZA vktknh ds ckn 'kq: gq, igys vkfFkZd v[kckj

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

Ô;kikj* us vkxs pydj tgka vius dks lIrkg esa nks ckj izdkf'kr djuk 'kq: fd;k ogha bldk lkIrkfgd fganh laLdj.k Hkh vkjaHk fd;k x;kA vc ;g nksuksa v[kckj eksckby ,i ij Hkh vk pqds gSaA ysfdu Ô;kikj* dk nSfud ugha cu ikuk v[kjrk gSA Ô;kikj* us ns'k Hkj esa tks izfrf"Brk vftZr dh mls ns[krs gq, ,oa vkt ds ikBdksa dh vkfFkZd [kcjksa ds fy, c<+rh Hkw[k dh otg ls bls nSfud gksuk pkfg, FkkA ;|fi] nSfud ugha cu ikus ds ckotwn tUeHkwfe lewg ds bl f}lkIrkfgd v[kckj Ô;kikj* dks vkt Hkh xqtjkrh dkjksckjh leqnk; esa Hkjiwj lEeku izkIr gSA Ô;kikj* dh ckr pyrh gS rks bls tUe nsus okys laiknd ghjth HkkbZ fxykuh dk uke J)k ls fy;k tkrk gS] ftUgksaus xqtjkrh Hkk"kk esa ,d vkfFkZd v[kckj 'kq: dj vU; Hkk"kkbZ ehfM;k ?kjkuksa dks vkfFkZd v[kckj 'kq: djus dh jkg fn[kkbZA Ô;kikj* ds nwljs laiknd 'kf'kdkar olkuh us bls ubZ ÅapkbZ;ksa ij igqapk;k vkSj

56 ^O;kikj* esa u,&u, ÅtkZoku ;qokvksa@i=kdkjksa dks ykdj vkfFkZd lekpkjksa dh ,chlhMh fl[kkbZ ,oa mPp eqdke rd igqapk;kA vkt Hkh vusd ehfM;k gkml vkSj Lora=k :i ls muds fl[kk, i=kdkj csgrj dke dj jgs gSaA xqtjkrh v[kckjksa ls ;fn vki vkfFkZd [kcjksa dks gVk nas ;k de dj nas rks ikBd ml v[kckj dh vksj vklkuh ls eqM+ tk,axs ftuesa ,slh [kcjksa dks ojh;rk nh tkrh gSA ysfdu vHkh Hkh tks nSfud vkrs gSa muesa 'ks;j cktkj vkSj deksfMVh cktkjksa dh fjiksVZ] Hkko ,oa dqN NksVh&eksVh] [kcjksa dks fn;k tkrk gSA tcfd] xgjs vkfFkZd fo'ys"k.k ,oa [kcjksa ds iM+us okys izHkko ij dke ugha gks jgk gSA bldh cM+h otg mPp izf'kf{kr vkfFkZd i=kdkjksa dk vHkko gksuk gSA vaxzsth ls vki rqyuk djsa rks xqtjkrh esa igyk vkfFkZd v[kckj vkus ds ckotwn brus lkyksa esa csgrj vkfFkZd i=kdkj de gh rS;kj gks ik,A ehfM;k ?kjkuksa esa laHkor% fdlh us Hkh vius ;gka dke dj jgs vkfFkZd i=kdkjksa dks mPp izf'k{k.k ugha fnyk;k gSA esjs [;ky ls os bls [kpkZ ekurs gSa fuos'k ughaA vly esa vkfFkZd [kcjksa ij T;knk dke 1992 esa Hkkjrh; vFkZO;oLFkk ds [kqyus ij gqvk vkSj oSf'od eap ij Hkkjr dk vkfFkZd egRo le>k tkus yxkA ljdkj us vFkZO;oLFkk dks [kksyus ds vykok vkfFkZd lq/kkjksa ij rsth ls dke djuk 'kq: fd;kA blls ijksls tk jgs lekpkjksa esa vkfFkZd lekpkjksa dk egRo c<+us yxkA fizaV ehfM;k vkSj Vhoh ehfM;k esa vkfFkZd [kcjksa dks rjthg nh tkus yxhA blls igys Hkkjr esa fctusl pSuy Fks gh fdrusA vkfFkZd mnkjhd.k dh gok us ns'k esa vusd fctusl Vhoh pSuyksa dks tUe fn;k rks vkfFkZd v[kckjksa us Hkh vius dbZ u, laLdj.k 'kq: fd,A xqtjkrh esa lHkh nSfudksa esa fctusl [kcjksa ij ist c<+sA dqN le; i'pkr rks ^fctusl LVSaMMZ*] ^Qkbusaf'k;y ,Dlizsl* vkSj ^bdkWukfed VkbEl* us vius xqtjkrh laLdj.k Hkh pkyw fd,A deksfMVh dks ysdj ^deksfMVh oYMZ* v[kckj vk;kA gkykafd] xqtjkrh vkfFkZd i=kdkfjrk eas bl le; tks daVasV ijkslk tk jgk gS mldh xq.koÙkk mÙke ugha gSA iw.kZ fctusl v[kckjksa dks NksM+dj lkekU; xqtjkrh lekpkj&i=k vkt Hkh fiNys <jsZ ds gh lekpkj ikBdksa dks ijksl jgs gSaA T;knkrj lekpkj 'ks;j&deksfMVh lês] Hkko vkSj fNViqV [kcjksa ds jgrs gSaA bu v[kckjksa esa vFkZO;oLFkk dks vHkh Hkh fo'ks"k egRo ugha feyk gSA LdSe vkSj XySej ls Hkjh vkfFkZd [kcjksa dks pedk;k

tk jgk gSA tcfd] okLrfod vkfFkZd [kcjksa vkSj xaHkhj vkfFkZd lekpkjksa dks ijkslk ugha tk jgk gSA xqtjkrh v[kckjksa esa ;g nks"k vHkh Hkh cjdjkj gS fd dbZ [kcjsa vaxzsth ls m/kkj ysdj vuqokn ds :i esa Nkih tk jgh gSaA ,d ;k nks i=kdkjksa dks U;wt cVksjus] fjiksfVaZx] vuqokn] ist esfdax rd ds dke esa >ksad fn;k tkrk gS ftldh otg ls os u rks vFkZO;oLFkk ds tkudkjksa ds lkFk viuk le; fcrk ikrs gSa vkSj u gh xgu fo'ys"k.k ds fy, muds ikl le; gksrk gSA bldk [kkfe;ktk Hkh Hkksxuk gksxkA ,d vkSj deh gS---mPp osru uk gksukA mPp osru u gksus ls vFkZO;OFkk ds csgrj tkudkj yksx bl is'ks esa vkus ls drjkrs gSa tcfd tks i=kdkj vk jgs gSa os ;k rks dkWelZ ds Nk=k jgs gSa ;k i=kdkfjrk ds nkSjku mUgksaus fctusl i=kdkfjrk dk ,d lCtsDV i<+k Hkj gSA bruh lh i<+kbZ ls xgu vkSj etcwr ys[ku gksuk vlaHko gSA [kcjksa ds lkFk&lkFk vkfFkZd lk{kjrk dh ftEesnkjh Hkh bu i=kdkjksa ds da/ks ij gksrh gS ftls ;s fuHkk ugha ikrsA gkykafd] bldk ,d vLFkkbZ jkLrk ;gh gks ldrk gS fd v[kckj vkmVlksflaZx djsaA vFkZ cxSj vuFkZ--bl dgkor dks ekurs gq, vc ehfM;k dh ;g Hkh ftEesnkjh gS fd og vke tu dks vkfFkZd lk{kj cukus dk chM+k mBk,aA bl dk;Z ls tgka ns'k esa gj vkneh esa vkfFkZd ekeyksa ij le> iSnk gksxh] ogha ubZ ih<+h iSls dh dnz dj ik,xhA vkt gekjh ?kjsyw cpr dkQh vPNh gS vkSj gekjh vFkZO;oLFkk dh etcwrh dk ;gh vlyh gfFk;kj gSA ysfdu ubZ ih<+h ftl rjg ,lvkbZih ds ctk; bZ,evkbZ dk thou thuk pkgrh gS og vPNk ugha gSA ns'k dks fo'o eap ij vkfFkZd egklÙkk ds :i esa LFkkfir djus ls igys ?kjsyw ekspsZ ij dkQh dke djuk gksxkA lqnwj cl jgs gj O;fä rd vkfFkZd lk{kjrk dk fe'ku igqapkuk gksxkA vkfFkZd lk{kjrk ds fy, bl le; tks iz;kl gks jgs gSa] os de gSaA ljdkj] iz'kklu nksuksa dks bl laca/k esa rst iz;kl djus gksaxs ,oa Ldwy Lrj ij fofHkUu ikB;Øeksa ds rgr vkfFkZd elyksa ij cPpksa dks i<+kuk gksxk rkfd os iSls dk egRo le> ldsaA ;g dke ljdkj ls Hkh T;knk vljdkjd :i esa i=kdkfjrk gh dj ldrh gSA gj lekpkj i=k dks vkfFkZd fo"k;ksa dks ikBdksa rd mudh viuh Hkk"kkvksa esa ljy ,oa lgt <ax ls igqapkuk pkfg,A v[kckj vkfFkZd lk{kjrk ij dke djsaxs rks LokHkkfod gS bldk lh/kk ykHk Hkh mUgsa gh gksxk vkSj csgrj lekpkj&ys[k nsus okys v[kckjksa dk izlkj rsth ls c<+sxkA q

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

u;k nkSj] ubZ pqukSfr;ka vpZuk xqlk.kh

lkSjk"Vªesa yksdfiz; gSa lka/; v[kckj foKkiu txr ds egkjFkh MsfoM vksfxyoh us dgk gS fd îkBdksa ds fny rd igqapuk gks rks mUgsa tks Hkk"kk vkrh gks og Hkk"kk dke esa ysuh pkfg,] eSa O;kdj.k ds fu;eksa dks ugha tkurkA^ bl mfä dks de ;k T;knk :i esa lka/;dkyhu v[kckjksa us vkRelkr fd;k gSA esa fnu esa nks ckj lqcg gksrh gSA ;g mfä laHkor% lkS gjsjk"Vªd dkjks ckj ;k jkstxkj ij de T;knk gn rd ykxw gksrh gksxh ysfdu lkSjk"Vª ds fizaV ehfM;k [kkldj lka/; v[kckjksa ,oa ;gka gks jgh i=kdkfjrk ij rks fuf'pr :i ls ykxw gksrh gh gSA lka/; v[kckjksa dh vo/kkj.kk xqtjkr ds eq[; 'kgjksa esa ftruh lqn`<+ gksuh pkfg, Fkh mruh gqbZ ughaA jkT; ds dbZ NksVs&cM+s 'kgjksa esa bldh 'kq#vkr gqbZ ysfdu lka/;dkyhu v[kckj ftl rjg lkSjk"Vªesa lQy gq, mudh ckr gh fujkyh gSA xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ds bfrgkl vkSj fizaV ehfM;k esa vusd n`f"V ls ubZ jkg fn[kkus okys lkSjk"Vª ds pqfuank 'kgjksa esa rks lqcg ds nSfudksa dh rqyuk esa lka/;dkyhu v[kckjksa dh la[;k vf/kd gSA ;s v[kckj [kwc fcdrs Hkh gSa vkSj tedj i<+s Hkh tkrs gSaA lqcg vka[k [kqyrh gS rc pk; dh pqfLd;ksa ds lkFk v[kckj ns[kus] i<+us dh vknr j[kus okyh lkSjk"Vª dh turk us nksigj ds ckn Hkh xjek xje xkfB;k vkSj tysch dh rjg rktk lekpkjksa dks tkuus ds fy, lka/; v[kckjksa dks viuk;kA lkSjk"Vªds eq[; 'kgjksa esa lka/; v[kckjksa vkSj mudh fodkl ;k=kk dks ns[ksa rks tkeuxj ls izdkf'kr ûkscr* ik;ksfu;j bofuaxj ekuk tk ldrk gSA o"kZ 1962 esa 'kq: gqvk ;g v[kckj le;&le; ij cnyrk jgk vkSj u,&u, iz;ksx djrk jgkA ikBdksa dh #fp vkSj VsDukykWth ds ifjorZu dks Lohdkj fd;k] viuk;k vkSj vkt Hkh 'kku ls izdkf'kr gks jgk gSA tkeuxj ds ckn jktdksV dk LFkku lka/; i=kdkfjrk esa izeq[k gSA o"kZ 1978 ls izdkf'kr gks jgs ^vfdyk* dks lka/; v[kckjksa dh nqfu;k esa ehy dk iRFkj ekuk tkrk gSA i=kdkjksa dh ,d iwjh ih<+h rS;kj djus okys bl v[kckj us ikBdksa dh uCt dks [kwc igpkukA jkspd ckr ;g gS fd jktdksV tSls nwljs dLcksa elyu tkeuxj ls ftrus izkr%dkyhu nSfud fudyrs gSa muls vf/kd lka/; v[kckj izdkf'kr gksrs gSaA jktdksV ls ^vfdyk*] ^lka> lekpkj*] ^vktdky*] ^vktrd*] ^vklikl*] ^vc rd* rks tkeuxj ls ûkscr* ds vykok ^Hkwfe*] ^vktdky*]

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

^[kcj*] ^yksdokr*] ^vklikl* vkSj ^xqM bofuax* ikBdksa ds ikl igqaprs gSaA twukx<+ ls Hkh ^lkSjk"VªHkwfe* vkSj ^twukx<+ VqMs* izdkf'kr gksrs gSaA Hkkouxj dks lkSjk"Vªdh lkaLd`frd uxjh ekuk tkrk gSA Hkkouxj ls ^vktdky* vkSj ^lkSjk"Vª vklikl* uked lka/;dkyhu izdkf'kr gksrs gSaA ;gka 26 tuojh 2015 ls nks vkSj lka/; v[kckj 'kq: gksus tk jgs gSaA blls ;g lkQ gS fd lkSjk"Vªdh turk dk #>ku lka/;dkyhu v[kckjksa ds izfr dkQh gSA iksjcanj ls Hkh ^vktdky* vkSj ^tuleFkZu* uked v[kckj 'kke dks fudyrs gSaA tcfd vejsyh ,slk 'kgj gS tgka ,d lka/;dkyhu v[kckj ,d le; [kwc /kwe epk jgk Fkk ysfdu pkj o"kZ dk lQj r; djus ds ckn ;g v[kckj can gks x;kA bl lka/;dkyhu dk uke Fkk ^Qwyosy*A lkSjk"Vª dh rqyuk esa 'ks"k xqtjkr esa lka/;dkyhu de fudyrs gSa vkSj i<+s Hkh de tkrs gSaA dqN 'kgjksa ds lka/;dkyhu rks ljdkjh foKkiu ls gksus okyh vk; dks /;ku esa j[kdj U;wure dkWfi;ka fizaV djrs gSaA vgenkckn ls izdkf'kr gksus okys lka/;dkyhu esa êsVªks*] ôsLVuZ VkbEl*] ^vktdky* vkSj êkuo fe=k* eq[; gSaA tcfd] oMksnjk ls ^ciksj lekpkj* vkSj lwjr ls ^lwjr lkeuk*] îzrki* ,oa ûofuekZ.k* lfgr dqN lka/;dkyhu izdkf'kr gksrs gSaA i=kdkfjrk dks tYnckth esa fy[kk x;k lkfgR; l`tu ekuk tkrk gSA ysfdu lka/;dkyhu v[kckjksa dh i=kdkfjrk FkksM+h cgqr gn rd vyx fn[krh gSA lka/; v[kckjksa dh vU; v[kckjksa ds lkFk xykdkV izfrLi/kkZ] izkr%dkyhu v[kckjksa ds le{k fVds jgus dh rkdr vkSj csgn de le; esa ikBdksa ds gkFk esa igqapus dh gksM+ lfgr vusd pqukSfr;ka gS ghaA daVsaV] ysvkmV] U;wt lysD'ku] okD; jpuk] Hkk"kk HkaMkj vkfn ekeyksa esa laiknd&fjiksVZj&mi laikndksa dks le>kSrk djuk iM+rk gSA foKkiu txr ds egkjFkh MsfoM vksfxyoh us dgk gS fd îkBdksa ds fny rd igqapuk gks rks mUgsa tks Hkk"kk vkrh gks og Hkk"kk dke esa ysuh pkfg,] eSa O;kdj.k ds fu;eksa dks ugha tkurkA* bl mfä dks de ;k T;knk

58 :i esa lka/;dkyhu v[kckjksa us vkRelkr fd;k gSA vke Hkk"kk] dgkor] eqgkojs vkSj pqfuank [kkldj dkfB;kokM+h yksdksfDr;ksa dks gSfMax ,oa lekpkj daVsaV esa lka/;dkyhu v[kckj [kqydj mi;ksx dj jgs gSaA dbZ v[kckj rks bldh otg ls fcdrs gSa vkSj i<+s tkrs gSaA ;gka ;g Hkh mYys[kuh; gS fd lka/; v[kckj ifjokj ds ctk; O;kikjh oxZ rd lhfer jgrs gSaA nqdku ;k dk;kZy; esa vkus okys lka/; v[kckj jkr dks ifjokj ds vU; lnL; i<+ ysa ;g ckr vyx gSA jktdksV ;k tkeuxj esa lka/; v[kckj u gks rks izkr%dkyhu v[kckjksa esa dke djus okys i=kdkj Hkh 'kke dks viax cu tkrs gSaA ,sls v[kckjksa ds u gksus ij i=kdkjksa dks ;k rks Lis'ky LVksjh fy[kuh gksrh gS ;k ;g lksprs gSa fd vkt u;k D;k nsaA bl my>u esa Qals i=kdkjksa dks fpafrr gqvk ns[kk tk ldrk gSA la{ksi esa lka/;dkyhu v[kckj izkr%dkyhu v[kckjksa ds i=kdkjksa ds fy, ^rkj.kgkj* dh Hkwfedk Hkh fuHkkrs gSaA dgkor Hkh gS fd tgka lka/;dkyhu v[kckjksa esa [kcjsa iwjh gksrh gSa ogka ls izkr%dkyhu esa ;s 'kq: gksrh gSaA ,d tekuk Fkk tc fizaV ehfM;k dk ikBdksa&iztk ij ,d N=k jkt FkkA bysDVªkWfud ehfM;k esa nwjn'kZu U;wt ,dek=k U;wt pSuy ;k L=kksr FkkA jsfM;ks ij lekpkj lquus dk oSHko [kRe ugha gqvk Fkk rc gksus okyh vlkekU; ?kVukvksa dh iy&iy dh tkudkjh ikdj lka/; nSfud ,d ist dk fo'ks"k vad izdkf'kr djrs Fks vkSj ;g fo'ks"k vad xjekxje Hkft;k dh rjg QVkQV fcd tkrk FkkA ;g bl ckr dk ekinaM Fkk fd yksx lekpkj tkuus] ikus ds fy, fdrus ykykf;r jgrs FksA jktdksV dh gh ckr dh tk, rks egkjk"Vªds ykrwj esa vkus okys Hkwdai] o"kZ 1993 esa eqacbZ CykLV] jktu dk lq/khj flUgk }kjk fd;k x;k ,udkmaVj---tSlh vusd ?kVukvksa ij fudys ,d ist ds fo'ks"k vad vkt Hkh yksxksa dks ;kn gaSA ,d&nwljs v[kckjksa esa ;g rst izfrLi/kkZ gks jgh gS fd dkSu lcls igys fo'ks"kkad ikBdksa rd igqapkrk gS vkSj ;g izfrLi/kkZ ikBdksa ds fy, ykHknk;h jgrh FkhA tcfd vkt] iwjk flusfj;ks gh cny x;k gSA uke rd ;kn u jgs brus Vhoh pSuyksa dh Hkjekj gks xbZ gS vkSj ;s 24X7 ?kaVs gYyk epkrs jgrs gSaA ?kVuk ?kVus dh tkudkjh feuV esa ugha] lSd.M esa gh eksckby ij] ;w&V;wc ij viyksM gks tkrh gS vkSj lekpkj ,dne gSaMh cu x, gSaA ?kVuk dh rg rd tkus ;k lwpuk ikus ds fy, ikBdksa dks lqcg ;k 'kke rd bartkj djus dh t:jr ugha jgrhA baVjusV us iwjh nqfu;k dks vkids gkFk esa jgus okyh fLØu ij igqapk fn;k gSA ,sls esa v[kckjksa ds le{k muds vfLrRo ds fy, tksjnkj pqukSrh iSnk gqbZ gSA ^fQVsLV gw lokZbo* dks ns[krs gq, lHkh ehfM;k [kqn dh lkjh rkdr] 'kfä vkSj tksj yxk gh jgs gSa

,oa isijySl gks jgh U;wt dalsIV ds lkFk e`rizk;% u cuus ds fy, dej dl jgs gSaA ,d ckr ;g Hkh r; gS fd tc&tc dksbZ ubZ VsDukykWth ;k ek/;e vk;k rc&rc iqjkus dh ekSr gksus ;k eq[; /kkjk ls nwj gks tkus dk gYyk eprk gh gSA vaxqyh ds Li'kZ ls nqfu;k dks eqëh esa djus okys orZeku le; esa Hkh vktknh ls igys 'kq: gq, v[kckj vijkftr ;ks)k dh rjg eSnku esa tes gq, gSa rks blds ihNs ,d gh dkj.k gS ikBdksa dh #fp dks ij[kdj] le; ds vuq:i cnyko djukA lkSjk"Vªds lka/; v[kckjksa us Hkh cnyrs tekus ds lkFk rky feykbZ gSA Hkk"kk] lkexzh] ysvkmV] fo"k; pquus esa ifjorZu fd, gSaA ,tsaV~l dk usVodZ vf/kd ifjiDo vkSj lqn`<+ cuk;k] ftlls ikBdksa ds gkFk esa rsth ls v[kckj igqapsA gjsd lka/;dkyhu v[kckj dh viuh osclkbV rks o"kksaZ ls gSA blds vykok ^OgkVl vi* U;wt lfoZl Hkh gS tks lekpkj ¶yS'k gksus ds ckn Hkh ikBdksa ;k eksckby/kkjdksa dks v[kckj ds lkFk Hkh tksM+dj j[krh gSA vgenkckn] Hkkouxj] jktdksV] tkeuxj] iksjcanj vkSj Hkqt ls ,d lkFk izdkf'kr gksus okys lka/;dkyhu ^vktdky* ds xzqi ,fMVj nhid jktkuh dgrs gSa fd orZeku le; esa csgrjhu lka/; v[kckj izdkf'kr djuk ,d cM+h pqukSrh gSA lqcg ds v[kckj ds ikl rks fdlh Hkh lekpkj ;k ?kVuk dh lkjh tkudkjh tqVkus ls ysdj ys vkmV ;k ist IyslesaV ds fy, dkQh le; jgrk gS tcfd lka/;dkyhu v[kckjksa ds ikl ,slk ekSdk ugha jgrkA lkFk gh lka/;dkyhu v[kckjksa ds ikl Mkd ,oa flVh ,fM'ku ds chp le;kof/k dkQh de jgrh gSA MsMykbu dk ikyu djus vkSj gks lds ftruk tYnh ikBdksa ds gkFk esa v[kckj igqapkus dk dk;Z iwjk djus ds fy, dkQh e'kDdr djuh gksrh gSA ;gka rks gj jkst ,flM VsLV !! jktkuh dgrs gSa fd lkSjk"Vªesa fo'ks"kdj jktdksV] tkeuxj] twukx<+] Hkkouxj esa lka/;dkyhu v[kckj dk ;qx lekIr ugha gqvk mldh otg ;g gS fd cnyrs tekus esa le; ds izokg vkSj ikBdksa ds VsLV ds vuqdwy cuus esa ge foQy ugha jgs vkSj vkxs vkus okyh ubZ VsDukykWth dks viukdj mlds lkFk pyus dh gekjh iwjh&iwjh rS;kjh gS ghA vkf[kdkj ikBd gh loksZijh gSaA vkt dk ikBd bl ckr dks ysdj Li"V gS fd mls [kqn dks D;k pkfg, ,oa mls tks lwpuk ;k lekpkj pkfg, mlds fy, mlds ikl ,d ls T;knk fodYi gSaA ;kuh lkQ gS tks ehfM;k ?kjkus ikBd dh utj esa cus jgus ds fy, lcy vkSj l{ke gksaxs os gh fVds jg ik,axs] ckdh [kRe gks tk,axsA ¼ysf[kdk fnO; HkkLdj ds jktdksV laLdj.k esa MsLd gSM ds in ij dk;Zjr gSaA½

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

u;k nkSj] ubZ pqukSfr;ka rq"kkj f=osnh

vc Qy&Qwy jgh gS [ksy i=kdkfjrk vc xqtjkrh v[kckjksa ds ikl [ksy lekpkj doj djus ds fy, vxy ls LVkQ gSA vyx ls QksVksxzkQj gS vkSj dbZ v[kckjksa esa rks dsoy [ksy txr ds istksa ds fy, vyx ls fMtkbuj Hkh j[ks x, gSaA yxHkx gj v[kckj [ksy txr ls tqM+s ys[k vius lkIrkfgd vkSj v/kZ lkIrkfgd lIyhesaV esa Hkh nsrs gSaA [kkldj xqtjkrh [ksy i=kdkfjrk ds ckjs esa [ks dksy bi=kdkfjrk Z ys[k fy[kus dks dgs rks okdbZ cM+h ckr dgh tk,xhA bl fo"k; ij blls igys 'kk;n gh fdlh us fy[kus ds fy, dgk gksA xqtjkrh esa [ksy i=kdkfjrk ds ckjs esa bruk fdlh us lkspk gks] ;g Hkh eq>s ;kn ughaA bl laca/k esa ehfM;k foe'kZ ds laiknd dk ftruk vfHkuanu fd;k tk,] de gksxkA laHkor% blh otg ls xqtjkrh [ksy i=kdkfjrk ds ckjs esa ckrsa tkuus ;k i<+us dks ugha feyhaA bls [ksy i=kdkfjrk dk nqHkkZX; dgk tk ldrk gSA ysfdu vc xqtjkrh [ksy i=kdkfjrk dk fodkl gks jgk gSA xqtjkrh [ksy i=kdkfjrk dh ckr dh tk, rks 1980 ds n'kd ds var rd lewps xqtjkr esa ,d Hkh v[kckj [ksy txr dh [kcjksa ds fy, ,d ist ftruh txg Hkh ugha nsrk FkkA tcfd] bldh rqyuk esa VkbEl vkWQ bafM;k vkSj bafM;u ,Dlizsl nksuksa v[kckj iwjk ist [ksy [kcjksa ds fy, j[krs FksA v[kckj vc [ksy txr dh [kcjksa dks fdruk egRo nsrs gSa vkSj igys de txg D;ksa nsrs Fks] bl laca/k esa vkxs ckr djsaxsA ysfdu blls igys 1960 ds n'kd ds e/; esa ^f[kykM+h* if=kdk dh 'kq#vkr uku'kk Bkdksj us dh Fkh vkSj xqtjkfr;ksa dks [ksy txr dh tkudkjh mudh viuh Hkk"kk esa feyrh FkhA blls iwoZ 1940 ls 1950 ds n'kd esa xqtjkrh lekpkj i=kksa ,oa [kkldj ^xqtjkr lekpkj* vkSj ^lans'k* esa [ksy txr dh [kcjsa vkrh FkhaA bu lekpkjksa esa j.kth VªkWQh dh [kcjksa dks vf/kd egRo fn;k tkrk FkkA mu fnuksa VsLV fØdsV dks gh T;knk vgfe;r nh tkrh FkhA ckotwn blds ;kn gS fd vxLr 1978 esa ohuw ekadM dk fu/ku gqvk rc muds ifjokj ds lkFk ,d QksVksxzkQ ^xqtjkr lekpkj* esa mlh fnu NikA ml le; eqacbZ ls ,d gh fnu esa ?kVuk dh fjiksVZ vkSj QksVks vkus dh dYiuk ugha FkhA ;|fi] ml le; [ksy txr dh QksVks ;k fjiksVZ dks v[kckjksa esa [kkl egRo ugha fn;k

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

tkrk Fkk ysfdu [ksy izsfe;ksa dks vPNh Hkk"kk esa csgrj fjiksVZ feys blds fy, iz;kl fuf'pr :i ls gksrs FksA blds vykok] ml le; fØdsV ;k vU; [ksyksa esa vkt dh rjg xgu fo'ys"k.k ugha gksrk FkkA o"kZ 1984 esa vksyfEiDl ds iwoZ v[kckjksa us ,d fo'ks"kkad izdkf'kr fd;k Fkk ,oa blds ckn ls fofHkUu vksyfEiDl ;k bl rjg dh esxk bosaV dks cM+s Lrj ij doj fd;k tkrk gSA 1950 ds n'kd esa ,d gSfMax ls gh vkbfM;k vk tk,xk fd ml le; fdl rjg dh fjiksfVaZx gksrh Fkh ;k fdu ckrksa dk /;ku j[kk tkrk FkkA ,d VsLV Ük`a[kyk esa Hkkjrh; dIrku ykyk vejukFk Fks vkSj os bl Ük`a[kyk ds ikapksa VsLV esa VkWl gkj x, FksA ;kn jgs os ikapksa VsLV ugha dsoy VkWl gkjs Fks ysfdu ,d v[kckj us gSfMax yxk;k Fkk fd deulhc ykyk ikapoha ckj VkWl gkj x,A vkt fdlh Hkh fØdsV eSp dh fjiksfVaZx esa VkWl ij gSfMax ugha gksrk] ;g vk/kqfud fØdsV gS ysfdu ldkjkRed :i ls fopkj djsa rks bl tekus esa VkWl dh fpark mruh ugha gksrh tks ml le; dh tkrh FkhA bl rjg igys vkSj vkt dkQh ifjorZu vk;kA [ksy txr dh [kcjksa dh dojst ij ckr djsa rks vkt Hkh xqtjkrh v[kckjksa esa fØdsV dks lcls T;knk txg nh tkrh gSA blds ckn gkWdh ¼jk"Vªh; [ksy gS blfy,½ vkSj fQj xzkaMLySe Vsful dks vgfe;r nh tkrh gSA fiNys dkQh le; ls lkfu;k fetkZ] lkbuk usgoky ;k fo'oukFku vkuan] egs'k Hkwifr] fy,aMj isl tSls f[kykfM+;ksa ds vkxeu ls Hkkjrh; ,oa [kkldj xqtjkrh i=kdkj fØdsV ds vykok vU; [ksyksa ds izfr tkx`r gq, gSa] ;g vPNh ckr gSA vc xqtjkrh lekpkj i=k dsoy fØdsV oYMZ di gh ugha vfirq vksyfEiDl] ,f'k;k di] dkWeuoSYFk xse vkSj fo'o di QqVcky dks Hkh egRo ns jgs gSaA 2010 esa dkWeuoSYFk xse dk vk;kstu fnYyh esa gqvk rc vusd xqtjkrh i=kdkjksa dks [kkl

dojst djus dk ekSdk feyk FkkA tcfd] 1982 ds ,f'k;kM ds le; ,slk volj ugha feyk FkkA blls ;g irk pyrk gS fd 1980 ds n'kd esa xqtjkrh [ksy i=kdkfjrk vkSj ekStwnk [ksy i=kdkfjrk dh fLFkfr fdruh cnyh gSA blds vykok nwljk vPNk i{k ;g gS fd vc dsoy [ksy i=kdkfjrk ds fy, i=kdkj eSnku esa vk x, gSaA iwoZ esa ftl ^f[kykM+h* if=kdk dh ckr dh] ml if=kdk esa Hkh fØdsV dks vf/kd egRo fn;k tkrk FkkA ml le; v[kckjksa esa ek=k nks ;k rhu dkWye ftruh txg gh [ksy txr dh [kcjksa dks nh tkrh FkhA uku'kk Bkdksj ds lkFk ?ku';ke Hkkolkj tSls i=kdkjksa us ^f[kykM+h* dh 'kq#vkr dh FkhA Bkdksj i=kdkj ls T;knk iz'kklfud vf/kdkjh vf/kd Fks vkSj os fØdsV ,lksfl,'ku ds lkFk tqM+s gq, FksA ?ku';ke Hkkolkj v[kckj esa laiknd Fks vkSj dsoy [ksyksa ds lkFk ugha tqM+s gq, FksA ml nkSjku dqekjiky nslkbZ vkSj txnh'k fcUuhokys dk cM+k uke FkkA okLro esa rks xqtjkr dh [ksy i=kdkfjrk esa ;s ikW;ksfu;j FksA ysfdu ;s dsoy [ksy i=kdkj ds :i esa viuk dfj;j u cuk ldsA txnh'k fcUuhokys ,d e'kgwj daiuh esa ukSdjh djrs Fks vkSj gj jkst 'kke

dks ^lans'k* v[kckj esa tkdj [ksy [kcjksa dks fy[krs FksA bl rjg os ikVZ Vkbe ukSdjh ds :i esa [ksy [kcjksa dks laHkkyrs FksA dqekjiky nslkbZ ,d dkyst esa izksQslj Fks vkSj ikVZ Vkbe [kcjksa ij dke djrs FksA blh rjg oMksnjk esa vjfoan O;kl ¼,Mh½ Fks tks 'kq#vkr esa ikVZ Vkbe ukSdjh ds :i esa [ksy i=kdkfjrk esa vk, vkSj ckn esa Qqy Vkbe ;gh dk;Z djus yxsA xqtjkrh [ksy i=kdkfjrk dks ,Mh dk vewY; ;ksxnku jgkA mUgksaus fØdsV ds vykok vU; [ksyksa dks txg nsus esa dHkh ladksp ugha fd;kA bl nkSjku bafM;u ,Dlizsl lewg ds ^tulÙkk&yksdlÙkk* us [ksy txr ds fy, ,d&nks dkWye dh lhek ls ckgj vkdj ,d iwjk ist nsus dh 'kq#vkr dhA vgenkckn ls ^tulÙkk* vkSj oMksnjk ls blh lewg dk ^yksdlÙkk* v[kckj izdkf'kr gksrk Fkk ftlesa ,Mh O;kl vkSj vgenkckn ls vkjaHk esa vk'kqrks"k iVsy vkSj ckn esa Lo;a ys[kd rq"kkj f=kosnh us ;g ftEesnkjh laHkkyhA vc rd ^tulÙkk* ds vykok vU; fdlh Hkh v[kckj us [ksy txr dh [kcjksa dks bruk egRo ugha fn;k FkkA vU; v[kckj VsLV fØdsV ds vykok nwljs [ksyksa dks [ksy Hkh ugha ekurs FksA gka] vksyfEiDl esa Hkkjr us Lo.kZ ind thrk gks rc ;k gkWdh ds lekpkj t:j

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

izdkf'kr djrs FksA la{ksi esa 1980 ds vkjaHk rd xqtjkrh [ksy i=kdkjksa dks dksbZ iwNrk ugha Fkk vFkok mudh fLFkfr vPNh ugha FkhA Hkjiwj mRlkg gksus ds ckotwn dksbZ Hkh [ksy i=kdkfjrk dks ugha viukrk Fkk ,oa blesa ukSdjh feyus dh xqatkb'k Hkh ugha FkhA 1982 esa Hkkjr esa ,f'k;kbZ [ksyksa dk vk;kstu gqvk vkSj 1983 esa dfiynso dh fØdsV Vhe us baXySaM esa oYMZ di thrkA bu nks ?kVukvksa us dsoy fØdsV gh ugha vfirq xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk dh dk;k iyV dj nhA 1989 esa lfpu rsanqydj dk vkxeu gqvk vkSj dsoy Hkkjr gh ugha cfYd oYMZ fØdsV esa cM+s Lrj ij ifjorZu gq,A bu ?kVukvksa dh otg ls xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa Hkh O;kid ifjorZu gqvkA Hkkjr us fo'o di thrk vkSj blds i'pkr chlhlhvkbZ izksQs'kuy cuk ,oa xqtjkrh v[kckjksa dks Hkh le> esa vk;k fd fØdsV ls iSlk fey ldrk gSA lfpu rsanqydj ds vkus ds ckn irk pyk fd fØdsV ls dekbZ gks ldrh gS vkSj [ksy i=kdkfjrk dk fodkl 'kq: gqvkA yxHkx blh vof/k esa gjsd xqtjkrh v[kckj us iwjk ,d ist [ksy [kcjksa dks lefiZr fd;kA ;|fi] vHkh rd rks fØdsV dks gh egRo fn;k tkrk Fkk vkSj vf/kdrj [kcjsa fØdsV dh gksrh Fkh

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

ysfdu o"kZ 2000 ds ckn vU; [ksyksa dh [kcjsa Hkh bl ist ij txg ikus yxhaA ,sls vusd [ksy gSa ftudh fjiksVZ dsoy vksyfEid ds nkSjku gh i<+us dks feyrh Fkh ysfdu vc Vsful dh xzkaM LySe ds vykok fofHkUu VwukZesaV] gkWdh ds yhx eSp ;k bfXy'k izhfe;j yhx QqVcky ;k j.kth VªkWQh dh [kcjsa [kwc LFkku ikus yxha vkSj ;g flyflyk vkt Hkh tkjh gSA xqtjkrh v[kckj vc dsoy fØdsV ds fy, gh eksgrkt ugha jgs cfYd dbZ ckj rks txg gks rks fØdsV ds lekpkj ysus dh fLFkfr iSnk gksrh gS] blls csgrj jkspd D;k gksxkA vc xqtjkrh v[kckjksa ds ikl [ksy lekpkj doj djus ds fy, vxy ls LVkQ gSA vyx ls QksVksxzkQj gSa vkSj dbZ v[kckjksa esa rks dsoy [ksy txr ds istksa ds fy, vyx ls fMtkbuj Hkh j[ks x, gSaA yxHkx gj v[kckj [ksy txr ls tqM+s ys[k vius lkIrkfgd vkSj v/kZ lkIrkfgd lIyhesaV esa Hkh nsrs gSaA xqtjkrh lkIrkfgd ,oa ekfld if=kdkvksa esa Hkh vc [ksy txr ls tqM+s ys[kksa dks fo'ks"k LFkku fn;k tkrk gSA ¼ys[kd VkbEl vkWQ bafM;k ds xqtjkrh nSfud uoxqtjkr le; esa [ksy laiknd gSaA blls igys os tulÙkk xqtjkrh ,oa fnO; HkkLdj esa Hkh [ksy laiknd jg pqds gSaA ys[kd chlhlhvkbZ ds DokWfyQkbZ Ldksjj Hkh gSaA½

u;k nkSj] ubZ pqukSfr;ka foØe odhy

xqtjkr ,oa eqacbZ dh xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa D;k gS QdZ vkt eqacbZ dh xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk dh gkyr dSlh gS\ ^xqtjkr lekpkj* igys uacj ij gSA ^eqacbZ lekpkj* nwljs LFkku ij gSA ^fnO; HkkLdj* Bhd&Bhd gSA ^lans'k* Bqed&Bqed dj pyus dh dksf'k'k dj jgk gSA lka/;dkyhu esa ^feM&Ms* xqtjkrh vkSj ^tUeHkwfe* eSnku esa gSA ysfdu lp ;g gS fd vkt ls 20 o"kZ ckn eqacbZ esa xqtjkrh ds fdrus v[kckj fcdsaxs] ;g csgn xaHkhj loky gSA

; g ckr 1994 dh nhokyh ds vklikl dh gSA ml le; eqacbZ ls izdkf'kr lkIrkfgd ^vfHk;ku* lewg us eqacbZ eas lka/;dkyhu v[kckj ^lekarj* 'kq: djus dh ;kstuk r; dhA laiknd ds :i esa esjh fu;qfä gqbZA ^vfHk;ku* esa xqtjkr ds C;wjks phQ ds :i esa ns'k Hkj esa ?kwe&?kwedj fjiksfVaZx djus dk vuqHko FkkA eqacbZ esa Hkh dkQh dke fd;k FkkA tcfd] nSfud ds laiknd ds :i esa dk;Z djus dh ftEesnkjh igyh ckj Lohdkj dh FkhA mRlkgh izca/ku us laHkkfor xqtjkrh ikBdksa dk losZ djkuk r; fd;kA ;g dke ,d ,slh ,tsalh dks lkSaik x;k ftlds ,ech, ;k nwljh mPp fMfxz;ka j[kus okys LVkQ esa ls fdlh dks Hkh xqtjkrh fy[kuk&i<+uk ugha vkrk FkkA dqN fnuksa ckn rS;kj gqbZ losZ fjiksVZ izca/ku ds lkFk ehfVax esa is'k gqbZA fjiksVZ dks ns[kdj igyk fopkj bls dwMs+nku esa Mkyus dk gqvkA fjiksVZ esa ,d uksV ,slk Fkk fd eqacbZ ds VhustlZ ikBdksa dks vkdf"kZr djus ds fy, dSls ys[k izdkf'kr fd, tkus pkfg,A jkspd ckr ;g gS fd vkt ls 20 o"kZ igys Hkh eqacbZ ds vf/kdrj xqtjkrh VhustlZ v[kckj rks D;k xqtjkrh Hkk"kk ls Hkh vutku FksA xqtjkrh VhustlZ ftl v[kckj dks i<+rs Fks og ^VkbEl vkWQ bafM;k* ;k ^feM&Ms* FkkA ml le; lqcg ^eqacbZ lekpkj*] ^xqtjkr lekpkj*] ^ledkyhu* vkSj ^izoklh* ,oa 'kke dks ^tUeHkwfe* tSls xqtjkrh v[kckj izdkf'kr gksrs FksA bu lHkh v[kckjksa ds ikBdksa dk cM+k oxZ 28&30 ls 60&70 o"kZ dh vk;q dk FkkA xqtjkrh ikBdksa dks [kklrkSj ij 'ks;j cktkj] deksfMVh cktkj] ghjk cktkj ;k vU; dkjksckj ls tqM+s lekpkj esa vf/kd #fp FkhA tks ;qok ykbQ LVkby] LiksVZl ;k foKku tSls fo"k; i<+uk pkgrs Fks

muds fy, fofo/k vaxzsth v[kckjksa ds fodYi [kqys FksA vkt 20 o"kZ ckn mi;qZDr xqtjkrh v[kckjksa esa ls ^izoklh*] ^lekarj*] ^ledkyhu* can gks pqds gSa vkSj feM&Ms lewg dk xqtjkrh ^feM&Ms* vkSj dqN le; igys gh xqtjkr ls izdkf'kr ^lans'k* dk eqacbZ laLdj.k 'kq: gqvk gSA vkt eqacbZ dh xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk dh gkyr dSlh gS\ ^xqtjkr lekpkj* igys uacj ij gSA ^eqacbZ lekpkj* nwljs LFkku ij gSA ^fnO; HkkLdj* Bhd&Bhd gSA ^lans'k* Bqed&Bqed dj pyus dh dksf'k'k dj jgk gSA lka/;dkyhu esa ^feM&Ms* xqtjkrh vkSj ^tUeHkwfe* eSnku esa gSA ysfdu lp ;g gS fd vkt ls 20 o"kZ ckn eqacbZ esa xqtjkrh ds fdrus v[kckj fcdsaxs] ;g csgn xaHkhj loky gSA eqacbZ esa ubZ ih<+h dk xqtjkrh ;qok 'kk;n gh xqtjkrh i<+&fy[k ikrk gSA eSaus eqacbZ esa ,sls vusd xqtjkrh ?kj ns[ks gSa tgka ,d Hkh xqtjkrh v[kckj ugha eaxk;k tkrkA eqacbZ ds xqtjkfr;ksa vkSj xqtjkr ds xqtjkfr;ksa dh ykbQ LVkby vyx gSA ;g vyx ykbQ LVkby xqtjkr&eqacbZ dh i=kdkfjrk esa Hkh >ydrh gSA eqacbZ esa vkokl ,oa dk;ZLFky ds chp yack varj gSA ,dne lcsjs yksdy Vªsu ls vkWfQl tkus okys xqtjkfr;ksa dks ?kj ij vkus okys v[kckj i<+us dk le; ugha gksrk blfy, ^feM&Ms* xqtjkrh ,oa ^tUeHkwfe* lka/;dkyhu gksus ds ckotwn ysV ekWfuaZx laLdj.k izdkf'kr djrs gSa ,oa ;gh oxZ buds izlkj dk cM+k fgLlk gSA vf/kdrj ikBdksa dks Vªsu esa [kM+s&[kM+s ;k=kk djuh gksrh gS] ;kuh NksVs ;k VscykW;M lkbt ds v[kckjksa dh izFkk 'kq: gqbZ vkSj lQy jghA vpjt dh ckr ;g gS fd eqacbZ ds lka/;dkyhu xqtjkrh v[kckjksa dk ftruk izlkj gS mruk izlkj ¼jktdksV dks

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

NksM+dj½ xqtjkr ds vU; fdlh Hkh 'kgj ls izdkf'kr lka/;dkyhu xqtjkrh v[kckj dk ugha gSA ;g D;ksaA bl loky dk tokc ikus ds fy, xqtjkr&eqacbZ dh xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ds chp varj le>uk t:jh gSA dbZ yksxksa dks irk ugha gksxk fd eqacbZ ls izdkf'kr ^eqacbZ lekpkj* ns'k dk lcls iqjkuk v[kckj gSA ikjlh /keZxq# Qwjnksuth etZcku us 1822 esa lkIrkfgd ds :i esa bldh 'kq#vkr dh FkhA ml le; bldk uke ^eqacbZuk lekpkj* FkkA 1832 esa bl lkIrkfgd dks nSfud esa cnyk x;k vkSj bldk uke ^ckWEcs lekpkj* j[kk x;kA ^fgrsPNq* xqtjkr ls izdkf'kr gksus okyk igyk v[kckj Fkk ftldh 'kq#vkr lkIrkfgd ds :i esa gqbZ ysfdu 1873 esa bls nSfud fd;k x;kA 1960 rd rks eqacbZ&xqtjkr ,d gh Fks ysfdu 1960 esa xqtjkr jkT; dh LFkkiuk gqbZ vkSj eqacbZ egkjk"VªjkT; dh jkt/kkuh cuk rc ls jktuhfrd lehdj.k cnysA LokHkkfod gS fd

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

i=kdkfjrk ds fy, Hkh jktuhfrd jkt/kkuh dkQh vge gksrh gSA eqacbZ ds ikBdksa ds fy, xqtjkr dh jktuhfr esa D;k py jgk gS] dkSu fdl in ij gS vkSj bldh rqyuk esa egkjk"Vªdh jktuhfr] jktusrkvksa vkSj vf/kdkfj;ksa ds ckjs esa tkuus dh bPNk T;knk gksrh gSA egkjk"Vªesa ejkBh Hkkf"k;ksa dk cgqla[;d gksuk LokHkkfod gSA bl otg ls ejkBh vkSj vaxzsth Hkk"kk ds v[kckjksa dk egRo 'kkldksa ds fy, vf/kd gksuk r; gS ,oa blh otg ls eqacbZ ds xqtjkrh i=kdkjksa ds fy, jktuhfrd chV esa [kkl ;k [kksth tkudkjh tqVk ikuk yksgs ds pus pckus tSlk dke gSA xqtjkr ds izeq[k v[kckjksa esa Nius okys jktuhfrd ys[kksa] lekpkjksa ;k fo'ys"k.kksa dk tks izHkko ;k vlj xqtjkr ds jktusrkvksa ij iM+rk gS mldk 20 izfr'kr izHkko Hkh eqacbZ ds xqtjkrh v[kckjksa dk eqacbZ ds jktusrkvksa ij ugha iM+rk ;g LokHkkfod gSA eqacbZ ds xqtjkrh v[kckjksa dks lekpkj ds p;u esa LFkkuh; xqtjkrh ikBdksa ds VsLV dks /;ku esa j[kuk t:jh gksrk gS

64 tcfd] xqtjkr ds v[kckjksa ds vf/kdrj ikBd xqtjkrh gksus ls bl leL;k dk lkeuk ugha djrsA igys crk;k ml rjg] eqacbZoklh xqtjkfr;ksa dk ;k=kk le; xqtjkr ds xqtjkfr;ksa dh rqyuk esa vf/kd [kpZ gksus ls igsyh ;k ØkWloMZ tSlh lkexzh ds fy, Hkh dbZ ikBd [kkl v[kckj [kjhnrs gSaA blh otg ls xqtjkr ds ctk; eqacbZ ds lka/;dkyhu v[kckj vf/kd lQy gSA ^xqtjkr lekpkj* ;k ^lans'k* tSls cM+s ehfM;k ?kjkus Hkh vgenkckn] lwjr] jktdksV esa lka/;dkyhu v[kckj pykus dh dksf'k'k dj pqds gSa ysfdu foQy jgsA lkSjk"Vªds jktdksV tSls 'kgj esa ^vfdyk*] ^lka> lekpkj* vkSj ^vktdky* tSls lka/;dkyhu v[kckjksa dh fcØh [kwc vPNh gSA jktdksV esa nksigj 1 ls 4 cts rd nqdkusa ,oa dkjksckjh izfr"Bku can jgrs gSa vkSj nksigj ckn fQj ls tc ;s viuk dkedkt 'kq: djrs gSa rks dbZ yksx etkd esa dgrs gSa fd jktdksVokfl;ksa dh nwljh lqcg 'kq: gks jgh gSA laHkor% blh dkj.ko'k jktdksV esa lka/;dkyhu v[kckjksa dh fcØh lcls T;knk gSA ;g fjlpZ dk fo"k; Hkh gS\ eqacbZ ns'k dh vkfFkZd jkt/kkuh gksus ds vykok fganh fQYe m|ksx dk dsanz Hkh gS ftlls fdlh Hkh v[kckj ds fy, lsfyfczVh dk dojst dkQh vge gks tkrk gSA ist&3 dh chV laHkkyus okys xqtjkrh i=kdkj ds fy, vaxqyh ij fxuh tk lds ,slh nl lsfyfczVh dks dojst djus ds ckn gj jkst ubZ lsfyfczVh <wa<+uk eqf'dy gSA dsoy fganh fQYesa gh ugha xqtjkrh ukV~; {ks=k esa Hkh eqacbZ xqtjkr dh rqyuk esa dkQh vkxs gSa ;kuh lkW¶V QhplZ djus okys xqtjkrh i=kdkjksa ds fy, xqtjkr ds ctk; eqacbZ esa vf/kd elkyk feyuk LokHkkfod gSA eqacbZ ds xqtjkrh i=kdkj ds fy, xqtjkrh ds vykok ejkBh] fganh vkSj vaxzsth Hkk"kk ij vf/kdkj gksuk t:jh gSA gdhdr Hkh gS fd xqtjkr ds ctk; eqacbZ ds i=kdkjksa dks vaxzsth ,oa ejkBh dh csgrj tkudkjh gksuk t:jh gSA mnkgj.k ds fy, ;fn vki eqacbZ esa Økbe chV doj djrs gSa rks iqfyl foHkkx esa [kkl L=kksr cukus ds fy, ejkBh Hkk"kk dh [kklh tkudkjh gksuk t:jh gSA xqtjkr ,oa eqacbZ dh i=kdkfjrk dh rqyuk djsa rks nksuksa esa ,d ckr leku gSA lIrkg esa lkrksa fnu fofo/k fo"k;ksa ij jaxhu lIyhesaV nsuk t:jh gS ghA bl laca/k esa xqtjkr ds ikBd vf/kd HkkX;'kkyh gSaA ;kuh xqtjkrh v[kckjksa dks xqtjkrh Hkkstu dh Fkkyh esa ijksls x, fofo/k O;atuksa dh rjg efgyk] fQYe] foKku] [ksy] /keZ---tSls fofo/k fo"k;ksa ij Hkjiwj lIyhesaV nsuk yxHkx vfuok;Z gksrk gSA bl otg ls gh dbZ xqtjkrh i=kdkj yxHkx lsfyfczVh cu

x, gSaA tcfd] bl ekeys esa eqacbZ 'kk;n FkksM+k vyx gSA oklqnso esgrk] gjlq[k la?kk.kh] xq.koar 'kkg] uxsUnzZ fot;] nsosUnz iVsy] Hkxorhdqekj 'kekZ] t; olkoMk] Hkosu dPNh] fouksn Hkê tSls LVkj ys[kd xqtjkr ds gSa rks gleq[k xka/kh] gjfd'ku esgrk] dkafr Hkê] 'khyk Hkê] panzdkar c{kh] lkSjHk 'kkg] Hkkypanz tkuh] rkjd esgrk] o"kkZ ikBd tSls ys[kd&i=kdkj eqacbZ dh nsu dgs tk ldrs gSaA xqtjkr esa lkSjk"Vª ds ikBd ftrus fjLiksaflo gSa mrus gh eqacbZ ds xqtjkrh ikBd Hkh fjLiksaflo gSaA ikBdksa ds fjLiksal ds ckjs esa lwjr&vgenkckn ds ikBd lcls T;knk datwl gSaA 'kk;n ;g elyk xqtjkr vkSj eqacbZ dh i=kdkfjrk esa Hkh fjQysDV gksrk gSA fiNys yxHkx Ms<+ n'kd ls xqtjkrh lkIrkfgdksa dh izlkj la[;k vkSj DokfyVh nksuksa fcxM+ jgh gSA vpjt dh ckr gS fd xqtjkr ls izdkf'kr gksus okys nks lQy lkIrkfgdksa dh vdky e`R;q gks xbZ FkhA uxsUnz fot; dk ^¶yS'k* vkSj xqtjkr lekpkj lewg dk ^vklikl* lkIrkfgd o"kksaZ igys can gks x,A nks n'kd igys eqacbZ ls izdkf'kr ^fp=kys[kk* vkSj ^vfHk;ku* lkIrkfgd dh rwrh dsoy eqacbZ gh ugha cfYd xqtjkr ds jktuhfrd xfy;kjksa esa Hkh cksyrh FkhA ^fp=kys[kk* vkSj ^vfHk;ku* us jk"Vªh; Lrj dh dbZ fjiksVZl czsd dh Fkh] ftls xqtjkr dk ,d Hkh lkIrkfgd ugha dj ldkA eqacbZ esa cSBs&cSBs 'khyk Hkê&dkafr Hkê xqtjkr ljdkj dks fgykrs jgrsA xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk dh Ldwy ekus tkus okys Js"B i=kdkj gleq[k xka/kh vkSj muds laiknu esa 'kq: gq, ,Dlizsl lewg ds v[kckj ^ledkyhu* us 80&90 ds n'kd esa [kwc /kwe epkbZ] mls dkSu Hkwy ldrk gSA ,d ckr r; gS fd xqtjkr ,oa eqacbZ dh xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk vyx gS] dkj.k ikBd vyx gSaA xqtjkr ds ikBdksa dks /;ku esa j[kdj izdkf'kr gksus okys v[kckj eqacbZ ds ikBdksa dks larq"V ugha dj ldrsA blh rjg] eqacbZ ds ikBdksa dks /;ku esa j[kdj fudy jgs v[kckj xqtjkr ds ikBdksa dks vkuan ugha ns ldrsA eqacbZ esa xqtjkr ds v[kckjksa ds laLdj.k pkyw dj gkFk tyk pqds izdk'kdksa ls ;g ckr T;knk dkSu le> ldrk gS\ ¼ys[kd xqtjkr ls izdkf'kr lkIrkfgd v[kckj gkWVykbu ds laiknd gSaA vius dfj;j dh 'kq#vkr 1986 esa eqacbZ ls izdkf'kr vfHk;ku lkIrkfgd ds lkFk dh FkhA ujsUnz eksnh dh iRuh t'kksnkcsu dk loZizFke baVjO;w djus okys foØe odhy us Lo- vejflag pkS/kjh dh nwljh 'kknh ls ysdj lyk;k ds rLdjksa dh nqfu;k--tSls vusd Ldwi vfHk;ku ds fy, fd,A 1994 esa ys[kd lekarj ds laLFkkid laiknd cusA blds vykok bUgksaus uoxqtjkr VkbEl] lans'k] fjfMQ MkWV dkWe] xqtjkr lekpkj esa Hkh dk;Z fd;kA½

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

u;k nkSj] ubZ pqukSfr;ka t;s'k v/;k#

th gk¡] cny jgs gSa ge LekVZ Qksu dh tUe ?kqêh ihdj iyh c<+h ubZ ih<+h tc i=kdkfjrk esa vkrh gS rks muds fy, dEI;wVj ij Vkbi djuk csgn lgt jgrk gSA ysfdu xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa vkt Hkh ,sls dbZ ofj"B i=kdkj] laiknd ,oa ys[kd gSa ftudh dye tc rd dkxt dks Nwrh ugha] muds fopkjksa dk lfdZV iwjk ugha gksrkA

yhfotu ij /kwe epkus okys gkL; /kkjkokfgd rkjd esgrk dk ^mYVk p'ek* esa ,d ik=k gS--ekLVj fHkM+sA is'ks ls f'k{kd fHkM+s ekLVj dh ,d [kkfl;r gS fd ;s egk'k; fdlh Hkh ckr ij ¶yS'k cSd esa pys tkrs gSa vkSj gekjs tekus esa--ls 'kq: dj vius chrs gq, dy dh dgkuh lqukus yx tkrs gSaA yxHkx oSls gh ge tSls fiNys n'kd esa i=kdkfjrk esa vk, ;qok i=kdkjksa dks vius ls ofj"Bksa }kjk ,slh iqjkus tekus okyh ckrsa lquus dk ekSdk veweu feyrk gh jgrk gSA vkt dh rjg dh rduhd ¼VsDukykWth½ dh xSj&gkftjh esa dSls os ist fMtkbu djrs Fks] dSls ist ds fdlh dksus rhu&pkj ykbu dh txg [kkyh iM+ tk, rks D;k Mkyuk iM+rk FkkA dSls ml tekus ds laiknd nks [kcjksa ds chp iM+h txg dks vaxqfy;ksa ls ukidj viuh nqfu;k ns[k pqdh vka[kksa ls ,d >Vds esa t:jr ds eqrkfcd gh 'kCn fudkyrs FksA dSls VsyhfizaVj U;wt ,tsafl;ksa ds rktkrjhu lekpkj cSad ds ,Vh,e dh rjg mxyrs jgrs FksA dSls xsyh curh FkhA isij izsl esa tkus ds ckn IysV~l curh Fkh---;s lkjh ckrsa vkt ds ;qok i=kdkjksa dks fdlh izkphu ;qx dh nardFkk tSlh izrhr gksrh gaSA dHkh dHkkj rks csotg mUgsa migkl dk lkeuk Hkh djuk iM+rk gS fd mu fnuksa vkt ds tSlk ^xwxy* ugha Fkk fd >V ls ,d fDyd fd;k vkSj lkjh lwpuk,a vyknhu ds ftUu dh rjg gkftjA vjs] ,d <ax dh bZest <wa<+us ds fy, gesa fdruh iqjkuh if=kdkvksa ds lSdM+ksa iUus iyVus iM+rs Fks] mldk rks rqe vanktk Hkh ugha yxk ldrsA njvly ckr ;g gS fd xqVSucxZ ds tekus ls ysdj vkt ds tqdjcxZ ds tekus rd VsDukykWth i=kdkfjrk ls fl;kfet fVoUl dh rjg tqM+h gqbZ jgh gSA vgenkckn gks ;k yanu dh ¶yhV LVªhV] gj fofHkUu {ks=kksa dh rjg] i=kdkfjrk esa Hkh VsDukykWth lkFk&lkFk gh pyrh jgrh gSA ,d ;qx Fkk tc xqtjkr ds fnXxt

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

i=kdkj ve`ryky 'ksB ?kksM+s ij lokj gksdj fjiksfVaZx ds fy, fudyrs Fks rc muds gkFk esa dkxt vkSj dye ds lkFk ,d Hkjh gqbZ jkbQy Hkh jgrh Fkh D;ksafd ckgj ofV;s dgykus okys dkÅckW; Vkbi ds yqVsjksa ls [kqn dh j{kk Hkh djuh Fkh] rks esjs fglkc ls ;g Hkh mudh VsDukykWth dk gh ,d igyw FkkA ysfdu vkt tc i=kdkj ds ikWdsV esa Fkzh th VsDukykWth ls ySl LekVZ Qksu [kudrs jgrs gSaA OgkV~lvi ls vius laiknd ls cfr;krs gSa rks ;g vkt dh VsDukykWth dk gh eqtk;jk gSA

feV xbZa nwfj;ka T;knk ¶yS'k cSd esa u tkdj dqN lky igys dk tekuk ;kn djsa rks irk py tkrk gS fd dSls fjiksVZj viuh&viuh chV ds bykds esa tkdj LVksjh fudkyrs FksA vius jkbfVax isM ij ikbaV fy[krs Fks vkSj fQj 'kke dks izsl esa vkdj ml okd;s dks [kcj dk :i nsus ds fy, fy[krs FksA vkt ^fnO; HkkLdj* dk gh mnkgj.k yhft, rks mlus vius i=kdkjksa dks czkM cSaM baVjusV ls ySl NksVs ySiVkWi ns j[ks gSa ftldh enn ls fjiksVZj QhYM esa dgha Hkh gks] ogka ls os viuh LVksjh Qkby dj ldrs gSaA blh rjg QksVksxzkQj Hkh QhYM ls fdlh ?kVuk ds QksVksxzkQ Qkby dj ldrs gSaA blls rhu izeq[k Qk;ns gq,A ,d] [kcj dh xfr rst gqbZA nks] vkWfQl esa cSBs laiknd dks fdlh ?kVuk dh ysVsLV viMsV feyus yxh ¼ftlls os vius fjiksVZj dks vku xksbZax ?kVuk dks fdlh [kkl ,axy ls doj djus dh Hkh lwpuk nsus dh fLFkfr esa vk x,½A rhu] i=kdkj ds fy, T;ksxzkfQdy lhek,a de gks xbZa] ekuksa [kRe gh gks xbZaA vkt xqtjkr esa dbZ tq>k: i=kdkj ,sls Hkh gSa tks dkQh fnuksa rd vkfQl dk eqag ugha ns[krs] ysfdu mudh Qkby dh xbZ LVksjh dks ns[kdj laiknd dks ;g <k<l jgrk gS fd pyks] cank eSnku esa cM+h eq'rSnh ds lkFk MVk gqvk gSA vkt dk xqtjkrh fjiksVZj v[kckj ds lkFk&lkFk vius v[kckj dh

U;wt osclkbV dks Hkh viuh [kcj igqapkrk gS ysfdu osclkbV ds ckjs essa ge vkxs ckr djsaxsA viuh LVksjh Qkby djus ds fy, fjiksVZj dks eSfVªDl tSls loZjuqek izksxzke esa ykWfxu djds viuh LVksjh mlesa Mkyuh iM+rh gSA tSls gh LVksjh eSfVªDl ds ikl igqaph] mlh oDr og LVksjh muds laiknd dgha ls Hkh i<+ ldrs gSa vkSj ml ij dke Hkh py iM+rk gSA

fMtkbu dh fnyd'kh Hkkjr vkSj fo'o dh nwljh Hkk"kkvksa dh rjg xqtjkrh esa Hkh fizaV ehfM;e dks Vsyhfotu vkSj baVjusV tSls T;knk lfØ; vkSj rst ek/;eksa ls dM+h pqukSfr;ksa dk lkeuk djuk iM+ jgk gSA vxj eysf'k;k dk dksbZ foeku xk;c gks tkrk gS rks v[kckj esa og [kcj nwljs fnu Nius rd rks cklh gks pqdh gksrh gSA v[kckj vxj baVjusV ij miyC/k lwpuk ds vykok dqN u;k u nsa rks ikBdksa [kkldj ;qok ikBdksa dks ml [kcj esa tjk Hkh fnypLih ugha jgrhA blh rjg ys&vkmV dh Hkwfedk vge gks tkrh gSA QScysV vkSj VScysV ds c<+rs pyu esa Hkh ;g ckr fudydj vkbZ gS fd ikBd

v[kckj] if=kdkvksa vkSj fdrkcksa ds dbZ otZu i<+uk ilan djrs gSa D;ksafd mlesa ys&vkmV dh otg ls dkxt ij Nih [kcjksa tSlh gh Qhy vkrh gSA fizaV ehfM;e esa nwljs fnu Nih [kcj dks cklh gksus ls cpkrk gS fnyd'k ys vkmVA lQkbZ ls Nih rLohjsa] baQksxzkfQDl vkfn mlh [kcj dks ,d u;k :i ns nsrk gSA ys&vkmV ds fy, ,d le; tgka ,Mksch ¼ftls I;kj ls ,Mksc dgk tkrk gS½ daiuh dk ist esdj lkW¶Vos;j bLrseky gksrk FkkA vkt T;knkrj vkxsZukbts'ku esa DokWdZ ,Dlizsl pyrk gSA ,Mksch QksVks'kkWi vkSj dksjsy MªkW esa lth laojh besftl tc DokdZ ds ist ij p<+dj ys&vkmV dh 'kDy esa <yrh gS rc og fdlh v[kckj ;k if=kdk dks viuh igpku iznku djrh gaSA vPNs ys&vkmV ds fy, itsflo ^fnO; HkkLdj* us ckdh vkWxsZukbts'ku ls ,dne vyx vkxs fudydj ,Mksch dk u;k lkW¶Vos;j bufMtkbu bLrseky djuk 'kq: dj fn;k gSA blh ^fnO; HkkLdj* dk ysVsLV VsDukykWftdy dne gS oP;qZvy MsLd VkWi baÝkLVªDpjA blesa lHkh daI;wVjksa dks ,d dkWeu

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

67 vkt xqtjkr esa dbZ tq>k: i=kdkj ,sls Hkh gSa tks dkQh fnuksa rd vkfQl dk eqag ugha ns[krs] ysfdu mudh Qkby dh xbZ LVksjh dks ns[kdj laiknd dks ;g <k<l jgrk gS fd pyks] cank eSnku esa cM+h eq'rSnh ds lkFk MVk gqvk gSA vkt dk xqtjkrh fjiksVZj v[kckj ds lkFk&lkFk vius v[kckj dh U;wt osclkbV dks Hkh viuh [kcj igqapkrk gSA

loZj ls tksM+ fn;k gS vkSj dksbZ Hkh deZpkjh viuh vkbZMh ls laLFkk ds fdlh Hkh dEI;wVj ij vius MsVk dk bLrseky dj ldrk gSA

QksaV dh QkbV eSa dbZ ckj etkd esa dgrk gwa fd fo'o esa ftrus /keZ gSa] mrus gh 'kk;n gekjs ;gka fofHkUu Hkk"kkvksa esa fy[kus ds fy, QksaV~l pyrs gSaA dksbZ ^Hkk"kkHkkjrh* bLrseky djrk gS rks dksbZ ^bafMdk* dh 'kj.k esa gSA ysfdu tSls bafXy'k esa QksaV dh dksbZ leL;k ugha gksrh mlh rjg xqtjkrh esa Hkh vkus okyk dy baVjusV ÝsaMyh ;wfudksM dk gSA ^fnO; HkkLdj* vkSj VkbEl vkWQ bafM;k xzqi ds u, v[kckj ^uo xqtjkr le;* us rks ;wfudksM QksaV dk iz;ksx tksj 'kksj ls 'kq: dj gh fn;k gSA LekVZ Qksu dh tUe ?kqêh ihdj iyh&c<+h ubZ ih<+h tc i=kdkfjrk esa vkrh gS rks muds fy, dEI;wVj ij Vkbi djuk csgn lgt jgrk gSA ysfdu xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa vkt Hkh ,sls dbZ ofj"B i=kdkj] laiknd ,oa ys[kd gSa ftudh dye tc rd dkxt dks Nwrh ugha] muds fopkjksa dk lfdZV iwjk ugha gksrkA

VsDukykWth dh nqfu;k ds u, ckf'kans% osclkbV vkSj U;wt pSuYl u, tekus ds lkFk dne feykrh gqbZ xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa yxHkx lHkh izeq[k v[kckj dh viuh U;wt osclkbV gSA bruk gh ugha] iwjh nqfu;k esa QSys vius ikBdksa dks iy&iy dh [kcj nsus ds fy, mUgksaus osclkbV ds fy, vyx QkSt Hkh rSukr dh gqbZ gSA /khjs&/khsjs gj lekpkj lewg viuh&viuh eksckby ,Iyhds'ku Hkh yk jgk gS] ftlls LekVZ Qksu ,oa VScysV ls Hkh czsfdax U;wt eqgS;k gks jgh gSaA ysfdu nq[k dh ckr gS fd vPNk iBuh; lkexzh nsus ds ctk; T;knkrj osclkbVl dk /;ku vf/kd ls vf/kd fgV~l ikus ij gh dsafnzr gS D;ksafd bldk lh/kk dusD'ku foKkiu vk; ds lkFk

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

tqM+k gqvk gSA blfy, ikBd ns[krs gh fDyd djus ds fy, mRlqd gks tk, ,slh HkM+dhyh gSfMax] v'yhy rLohjsa vkSj ?kfV;k lekpkjksa dh Hkjekj jgrh gSA pkSchl ?kaVksa ds xqtjkrh U;wt pSuYl dk bfrgkl Hkh ,d n'kd ls de dk gh gSA ysfdu brus de le; esa vkt yxHkx mrus gh U;wt pSuYl py jgs gSa tks VsDukykWth ds ekeys esa fdlh Hkh us'kuy U;wt pSuYl ls ihNs ugha gSaA bu pSuYl ds fjiksVZj cM+h 'kku ls vius pSuy dh xkM+h esa fjiksfVaZx ds fy, fudyrs gSa vkSj pSuy ds yksxks okyk cwe ysdj ihVwlh ¼ihl Vw dSejk½ nsrs jgrs gSaA ysfdu ,dk/k dks NksM+dj fdlh Hkh pSuy ds ikl viuh vkmVMksj czkM dk fLVaxoSu ugha gSA ykbo VsyhdkWLV ds fy, ckdh ds pSuYl NksVh lh ykbo fdV ls dke pykrs gSaA lHkh izeq[k xqtjkrh U;wt pSuYl baVjusV ij ykbo ns[ks tk ldrs gaSA VsyhdkWLV ds ekeys esa vkxs gksus ds ckotwn mudk izksxzkfeax vkSj U;wt iztsaVs'ku 'kksj epkus okys fganh pSuYl ls vyx ugha gSA

flVhtu tuZfyTe gj gkFk esa LekVZ Qksu vk tkus dk Qk;nk xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk c[kwch ys jgh gSA yxHkx lHkh izeq[k v[kckj] pSuy vkSj osclkbV us vius&vius OgkV~lvi uacj fØ,V dj j[ks gSa ftu ij n'kZd&ikBd viuh fdlh leL;k] ?kVuk&nq?kZVuk dh rLohjsa&ohfM;ks Hkst ldrs gSaA blls QksFkZ LVsV dks FkMZMkbesa'ku Hkh feyk gSA Qslcqd ij Hkh lHkh izeq[k ehfM;k vkWxsZukbts'ku vius&vius ist fØ,V djds ikBdksa ls tqM+ jgs gSaA ysfdu yksxksa ls tqM+us dh bl gksM+ esa gekjs Qslcqd ist dks ykbd dhft, vkSj viuh rLohj Vhoh ij nsf[k, tSls csrqds Øst Hkh py iM+rs gSaA ¼ys[kd feM&Ms xqtjkrh esa Lis'ky daVsaV ,fMVj ds in ij dk;Zjr gSA blls igys os fnO; HkkLdj esa fMIVh U;wt ,fMVj FksA½

u;k nkSj] ubZ pqukSfr;ka vk'kqrks"k nslkbZ

vijk/k i=kdkfjrk esa Hkh gS [kkl txg nkÅn ds futh thou ls ysdj mldh vaMjoYMZ nqfu;k dh NksVh&NksVh tkudkjh bl lhjht esa jgrh FkhA lhjht 'kq: gksus ds nwljs lIrkg ls v[kckj ds vkWfQl esa vkSj vk'kq iVsy dks /kedh Hkjs Qksu vkus yxsA vk'kq iVsy fy[krs jgs vkSj ^n MkWu* <kbZ o"kZ rd Nirh jgh ,oa ikBdksa us [kwc ilan dhA nkÅn ij blls igys bruh tkudkjh Hkkjr esa fdlh Hkh lekpkj i=k us izdkf'kr ugha dh FkhA tjkrh v[kckjksa esa vusd i=kdkj gSa tks fofo/k fo"k;ksa dks xq doj djrs gSa ysfdu i=kdkjksa dh bl iwjh fcjknjh esa vijk/k ;k vaMjoYMZ dh [kcjksa dks doj djuk gks ;k mu ij dksbZ Bksl tkudkjh ds lkFk fy[kuk gks vFkok baVjO;w djuk gks rks vaxqfy;ksa ij fxus tk ldus okys dkQh de i=kdkj gSaA vaxqfy;ksa ij fxus tk ldus okys bu i=kdkjksa esa dqN rks ,sls gSa ftUgksaus vius dfj;j dh 'kq#vkr fjiksVZj ls dh vkSj v[kckj ds laiknd in rd igqaps] cktown blds vijk/k ;k vaMjoYMZ ij fy[kuk mUgksaus ugha NksM+kA bruk gh ugha bUgksaus xSaxLVlZ ds ,sls QksVksxzkQ [khaps ftudks [khapus dh fgEer dHkh fdlh QksVksxzkQj us Hkh ugha dh gksxhA fgEer vkSj fuMjrk ,slh Fkh fd Lo;a ,d L=kh i=kdkj gksus ds ckotwn Økbe ,oa vaMjoYMZ dh nqfu;k esa tkdj mlus MkWu ;k xSaxLVlZ dk baVjO;w fy;k] fy[kk] Nik vkSj [kwc i<+k x;kA bl laca/k esa dbZ ckrsa [kwc jkspd ,oa tkudkjh ls Hkjiwj gSaA i=kdkfjrk ds {ks=k esa ftldk uke [kwc lEeku ls fy;k tkrk gS og gS 'khyk HkêA 'khyk Hkê us ek=k 19 o"kZ dh vk;q ls fjiksfVaZx 'kq: dh FkhA ^fp=kys[kk* vkSj ^vfHk;ku* uked xqtjkrh lkIrkfgd if=kdkvksa esa fjiksVZj ls ysdj laiknd in ij dke dj pqdh 'khyk Hkê us ckn esa ^bafM;k VqMs* dk xqtjkrh laLdj.k ykap djk;k vkSj mldh dIrkuh laHkkyhA os bl le; ^jhfMQ-dkWe* esa laikndh; funs'kd gSaA 1993 esa mudks ^pesyh nsoh tSu* vokWMZ Hkh feyk FkkA ewy xqtjkrh Hkk"kk esa i=kdkfjrk ls viuk dfj;j 'kq: djus okyh 'khyk Hkê us o"kZ 1987 esa nqcbZ tkdj vaMjoYMZ MkWu nkÅn bczkfge dk baVjO;w fd;kA ;g baVjO;w ^vfHk;ku* if=kdk esa NikA ml le; 'khyk Hkê vfHk;ku dh laiknd FkhaA ;g baVjO;w VkbEl vkWQ bafM;k dh izfrf"Br if=kdk ftlds laiknd izhrh'k uanh Fks ;kuh ^byLVªsVsM ohdyh* esa doj LVksjh ds :i esa Hkh NikA

,slk dgk tkrk gS fd xqtjkrh v[kckj] vaxzsth v[kckjksa vkSj if=kdkvksa esa ls lkexzh mBkrs gSa ysfdu nkÅn ds baVjO;w esa mYVk gqvkA ^byLVªsVM ohdyh* esa 'khyk Hkê dh vuqefr ls ;g baVjO;w Nkik x;k FkkA ,slk gh vaMjoYMZ dh lhjht vkSj vaMjoYMZ ij iqLrdksa ds ekeys esa Hkh gqvkA vaxzsth ,oa nwljh Hkk"kk esa xqtjkrh ehfM;k ds ckn vaMjoYMZ ds ckjs esa lhjht pkyw gqbZ] ftldh ckr vkxs djsaxsA blls igys Hkh 'khyk Hkê us eqacbZ esa nkÅn dk baVjO;w fd;k Fkk tcfd ml le; nwljs v[kckj ;g dgrs Fks fd nkÅn bczkfge nqcbZ pyk x;k gSA dkafr Hkê vkSj 'khyk Hkê ml le; eqacbZ ds Mksaxjh bykds esa ¼tgka nkÅn us vius cpiu vkSj fd'kksjoLFkk fcrkbZ FkhA½ ,d VªkaliksVZ daiuh ds vkWfQl esa cSBdj nkÅn bczkfge dk baVjO;w dj jgs FksA bruk gh ugha tc Hkkjr dh ,d tsy esa vaMjoYMZ dk ,d ikojQqy MkWu dSn Fkk rc Hkh 'khyk Hkê us tsy esa tkdj mldk baVjO;w fd;k FkkA ;g baVjO;w Hkh xqtjkr

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

69 ds ,d nSfud v[kckj esa Nik FkkA ,sls gh ,d ofj"B LraHk ys[kd] ftudk xqtjkrh ehfM;k esa dkQh uke gS os gSa] dkafr HkêA dkafr Hkê us o"kZ 1966 ls i=kdkfjrk dh 'kq#vkr dh vkSj os vkt Hkh ,d LraHk ys[kd ds :i esa dke dj jgs gSaA vkt ds tekus ds vusd i=kdkj ;k ys[kd dkafr Hkê dks viuk vkn'kZ ekurs gSaA dkafr Hkê viuh ;qokoLFkk esa vaMjoYMZ dh nqfu;k ij fgEer ds lkFk fy[k pqds gSaA dkafr Hkê vkSj 'khyk Hkê us nqcbZ ,oa 'kkjtkag tkdj vaMjoYMZ dh nqfu;k ds eqf[k;k nkÅn bczkfge] NksVk jktu vkSj ,sls gh vusd yksxksa ds QksVksxzkQ vius dSejs esa mrkjs ,oa ,sls QksVksxzkQ vc rd fdlh Hkh izksQs'kuy QksVksxzkQj us [khapus dh fgEer ugha dh gSA vkt Hkh xwxy esa vxj ge nkÅn bczkfge Vkbi djrs gSa vkSj mlds QksVksxzkQ ns[krs gSa rks os QksVksxzkQ ;k rks dkafr Hkê }kjk [khaps x, gSa ;k 'khyk Hkê us fy, gSaA 'kkjtkag esa 'kkjtkag daiuh fØdsV eSp esa nkÅn bczkfge ds lkFk fo[;kr vfHkusrk vfuy diwj] mldk HkkbZ cksuh diwj vkSj ml le; dh izfl) ghjksbZu eankfduh ds tks QksVksxzkQ ehfM;k esa vusd ckj Nis] os Hkh dkafr Hkê us gh [khaps FksA xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa ¼lewps Hkkjr ds ehfM;k esa Hkh½ vijk/k ,oa vaMjoYMZ fo"k; ij lcls igys lR; ?kVuk ij vk/kkfjr fdrkc Nih Fkh rks og Fkh ^fo"kpØ*A bl fdrkc ds ys[kd vk'kq iVsy ^lans'k* ds eqacbZ jfookj laLdj.k ds laiknd Fks vkSj mUgksaus Hkkjr esa lcls igys vaMjoYMZ ij lhjht fy[kh FkhA vk'kq iVsy ,d ofj"B i=kdkj gSa vkSj mUgksaus viuh ftanxh ds 27 lky i=kdkfjrk esa fcrk,a gSaA mudh ^fo"kpØ* lcls igys ^lans'k* nSfud v[kckj esa /kkjkokfgd ds :i esa Nih FkhA 1998&99 esa 'kq: gqbZ mudh bl Økbe lhjht dks tksjnkj izfrlkn feyk vkSj ;g iqLrd ds :i esa Hkh NihA ^lans'k* ds ekfyd ,oa ,fMVj bu phQ QkYxqu iVsy vkSj xzqi ,fDtD;qfVo ,fMVj foØe odhy us igys jkstkuk vkSj ckn esa lkIrkfgd bl lhjht dks izdkf'kr fd;k] tks

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

ikSus nks lky rd NihA vk'kq iVsy dk ;g /kkjkokfgd tc ^lans'k* esa gj lIrkg izdkf'kr gksrk Fkk rc ,d&,d tkudkjh tqVkus ds fy, vk'kq iVsy vusd iqfyl LVs'kuksa vkSj ?kVukLFkyksa ij yxkrkj nkSM+rs jgrs vkSj vusd baVjO;w djrsA ;g nkSM+ iwjh djus vkSj tksf[ke mBkus ds ckn ^fo"kpØ* ds ,d&,d ,filksM fy[krsA blds ckn vk'kq iVsy ^xqtjkr lekpkj* pys x, vkSj ogka mudh nwljh lhjht 'kq: gqbZ ^n MkWu*A nkÅn bczkfge ds futh thou ls ysdj mldh vaMjoYMZ nqfu;k dh NksVh&NksVh tkudkjh bl lhjht esa jgrh FkhA ;g lhjht 'kq: gksus ds nwljs lIrkg ls v[kckj ds vkWfQl esa vkSj vk'kq iVsy dks /kedh Hkjs Qksu vkus yxsA ckotwn blds ,d Hkh lIrkg pwds cxSj vk'kq iVsy fy[krs jgs vkSj ^n MkWu* <kbZ o"kZ rd Nirh jgh ,oa ikBdksa us [kwc ilan dhA nkÅn bczkfge ij blls igys bruh tkudkjh Hkkjr esa fdlh Hkh lekpkj i=k us izdkf'kr ugha dh FkhA ckn esa ;g lhjht Hkh iqLrd ds :i esa lkeus vkbZA blds i'pkr vk'kq iVsy us lR; ?kVuk ij vk/kkfjr ,d ysMh xSaxLVj dh ckrksa dks Hkh v[kckj esa lhjht ds :i esa fy[kk] tks êSMe ,Dl* FkhA ^fo"kpØ* vkSj ^n MkWu* dh rjg êSMe ,Dl* dks Hkh ikBdksa dk tcjnLr fjLikal feyk vkSj ;g Hkh fdrkc ds :i esa izdkf'kr gqbZA bl dgkuh ij bl le; izfl) ys[kd] funsZ'kd vkSj ,DVj frXeka'kq /kwfy;k ,oa funsZ'kd vuqjkx d';i ,d fQYe Hkh cuk jgs gSaA vk'kq iVsy us blds vykok ^fefll ekfQ;k* uked ,d vkSj fdrkc fy[kh gS ftlesa vaMjoYMZ dh nqfu;k ds tkus&vutkus O;fä;ksa dh iRuh ;k izsfedk ds ckjs esa fy[kk x;k gSA eqacbZ lekpkj esa gky esa ôUl viksu , Vkbe*

70 vaMjoYMZ dh vk/kkjHkwr lwpuk nsrh iqLrd ^fo"kpØ* leh{kd% dkafr Hkê Hkkjr esa vaxzsth i=kdkjksa dks [kksth i=kdkfjrk ds fy, csfglkc iSlk vkSj lqfo/kk,a feyrh gSa ysfdu Hkk"kkbZ i=kdkjksa dks [kqn ds cwrs gh [kkst djuh gksrh gSA blesa Hkh [kklrkSj ij tc vaMjoYMZ dh ckr gks rks bu ckrksa dks ckgj ykus ds fy, iSls vkSj lqfo/kkvksa ds vykok Hkh cgqr dqN t:jh gSA vaMjoYMZ dh ckrksa dks ckgj ykus ds fy, iSls ;k lqfo/kk ls Hkh T;knk i=kdkj dks fuHkZ; vkSj rVLFk jguk t:jh gSA mldh Nfo ,slh gksuh pkfg, fd vaMjoYMZ ;g ekus dh og rVLFk gSA vf/kdrj vaMjoYMZ okys vaxzsth v[kckjksa ds ctk; Hkk"kkbZ lekpkj i=kksa dks T;knk i<+rs gSaA bl ys[ku esa ftl ys[kd ;k i=kdkj dh lPpkbZ ds fy, fo'okl iSnk gksrk gS mls os [kqn lwpuk nsrs gSaA bl rjg dk fo'okl iSnk dj ldus okys iqfyl] ekfQ;k ds vykok ekfQ;k ls ihfM+r yksxksa ds ikl ls Hkh lwpuk,a ik tkrs gSaA ;s lHkh fo'oluh;rk iSnk dj ldus okys i=kdkjksa ds izfr lnHkkouk j[krs gSaA bl rjg dk izse] vknj] fo'oluh;rk vk'kq iVsy us bu lHkh dh vksj ls ikbZ gSA ;gh otg gS fd os vaMjoYMZ dh bruh vk/kkjHkwr lwpuk,a ik ldsA uked lhjht izdkf'kr gqbZ Fkh tks vaMjoYMZ dh nqfu;k ij FkhA ;g lhjht Hkh fdrkc ds :i esa vk pqdh gSA xqtjkrh v[kckjksa esa vk'kq iVsy us vijk/k ,oa vaMjoYMZ ij ftruk fy[kk gS mruk fdlh nwljs us 'kk;n gh fy[kk gksA jkspd ckr rks ;g gS fd bl lkjs ys[ku esa dksbZ Hkh ?kVuk ;k lwpuk dkYifud ugha gSA nwljs ,d ofj"B i=kdkj lat; f=kosnh us Hkh vijk/k ,oa vaMjoYMZ ij fy[kus dh fgEer fn[kkbZ gSA eqacbZ ds dq[;kr xSaxLVj v#.k xoyh ij mUgksaus ^lans'k* v[kckj esa lhjht fy[kh FkhA ^nxMh pky dk MkWu* uked bl /kkjkokfgd esa mUgksaus v#.k xoyh dh yxHkx lkjh tkudkjh ikBdksa ds le{k j[khA vk'kq iVsy us vaMjoYMZ ij tc fy[kuk 'kq: fd;k mlds ckn xqtjkr ds vusd v[kckjksa us vijk/k ij LraHk pkyw fd,A vge ckr ;g gS fd vk'kq iVsy us lcls igys ^lans'k* esa vaMjoYMZ ij lhjht fy[kh vkSj blds ckn nwljs vusd v[kckjksa us bldh dkWih dh vkSj tc vk'kq iVsy ^xqtjkr lekpkj* esa x, ,oa nkÅn ij ^n MkWu* lhjht pkyw dh rks mlds tokc esa ^lans'k* esa lat; f=kosnh us ^nxMh pky dk MkWu* 'kq: dhA lHkh dks irk gS fd nkÅn ,oa xoyh dêj nq'eu gaS ysfdu xqtjkrh v[kckjksa esa nksuksa ds ckjs esa izfrLi/khZ v[kckjksa esa dkWye 'kq: gqvkA lat; f=kosnh us ,d vkSj xSaxLVj vf'ouh ukbZd dh iRuh uhrk ukbZd ij Hkh fy[kk vkSj og lhjht xqtjkrh v[kckj

^xqtjkr fe=k* esa Nih FkhA iqjkus le; esa xqtjkrh v[kckjksa ds laikndksa dks vijk/k fjiksVZ ds laca/k esa vPNk ugha yxrk FkkA tcfd] vioknLo:i fdLls esa ofj"B i=kdkj euq tks'kh us ^Ýh izsl* ds xqtjkrh nSfud ^tu'kfä* esa vijk/k ds ckjs esa fy[kk FkkA ^xqtjkr lekpkj* ds fjiksVZj fudqat iVsy us Hkh 26@11 ds vkradoknh geys ds ckn vtey dlkc ij ,d fdrkc fy[kh Fkh tks o"kZ 2012 esa izdkf'kr gqbZA xqtjkr ds MhvkbZth] vkbZih,l vkj- ts lokuh Hkh ^lans'k* lekpkj i=k ds v/kZlkIrkfgd lIyhesaV esa vijk/k ij îxs#* uked ,d lhjht fy[k jgs gSaA ^xqtjkr lekpkj* dh v/kZlkIrkfgd lIyhesaV ^'krny* esa ofj"B i=kdkj t;nso iVsy o"kksaZ ls ^Økbe Qkby* uked dkWye fy[k jgs gSaA ,f'k;k esa lcls iqjkus vkSj #f<pqLr v[kckj êqacbZ lekpkj* esa bl le; nks Økbe fjiksVZj gSa& iz'kkar n;ky vkSj Hkjr y[k/kfj;k] tks xqtjkr ds vyx&vyx v[kckjksa esa vijk/k ij dkQh dqN fy[k pqds gSaA dkQh o"kksaZ igys vgenkckn ls vijk/k ij ,d xqtjkrh if=kdk izdkf'kr gksrh FkhA iqjkus le; esa vijk/k fjiksV~Zl dks [kkl vgfe;r ugha nh tkrh Fkh ysfdu eqacbZ ds vaMjoYMZ ds ckjs esa dbZ LVksjht czsd djus esa xqtjkrh i=kdkj vusd ckj us'kuy ehfM;k ls Hkh vkxs gksrs gSaA ¼ys[kd êqacbZ lekpkj* ds LraHk ys[kd gSaA½

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

u;k nkSj] ubZ pqukSfr;ka t;s"k Bdjkj

xqtjkrh U;wt pSuyksa dk Hkfo"; % ekbYl Vw xks xqtjkr esa U;wt pSuyksa ds fy, ekSds mTToy gSaA tc ls ,d xqtjkrh ns'k dk iz/kkuea=kh cuk gS rc ls vusd cM+s vkS|ksfxd lewgksa dk /;ku xqtjkr dh vksj x;k gSA o"kZ 1984 esa dscy Vhoh vkSj o"kZ 1991 esa lsVsykbV Vhoh vk;k ,oa blds ckn pSuyksa dh Hkjekj gqbZA igys tks n`'; dsoy jkt/kkuh ;k egkuxjksa esa ns[kus dks feyrs Fks os ?kVuk,a vc dgha Hkh ?kVs] xqtjkrh pSuyksa ds dSejksa esa fn[kkbZ nsus yxh gSA jLe ;gka dh vyx] fu;e vyx gekjs rks 'kCn gh dqedqe ,oa pkoy Vsyhfotu ds lkFk xqtjkr dk ukrk tksjnkj gSA fganh lhfj;yksa esa Hkh vf/kdrj xqtjkrh n'kZdksa dks /;ku esa j[kk tkrk gSA fo[;kr fuekZ=kh ,drk diwj us ,d ckj dgk Fkk fd ;fn vkidks lhfj;y pykus gSa rks xqtjkfr;ksa dks og vPNk yxsxk ;k ugha] bl laca/k esa csgrj gkseodZ djuk gh gksrk gSA fVfidy fganh lhfj;y esa Hkh le;&le; ij xqtjkrh Nk;k okys Mk;ykWx t:jh gks tkrs gSaA ;g rks gj dksbZ tkurk gS fd xqtjkrh turk Hkh vPNh n'kZd gS ysfdu ;g fl)kar xqtjkrh pSuyksa ds fy, vyx gks tkrs gSaA ,slk yxrk gS fd xqtjkfr;ksa dk VsLV tkuus esa xqtjkrh pSuy vHkh Hkh iwjh rjg lQy ugha gq, gSaA bldh otg ikBd jktk vkSj n'kZd jktk ds chp ,d cM+h js[kk gSA ,sls esa jkWcVZ ÝksLV dh iafä dh rjg ^ekbYl Vw xks---* dguk iM+rk gSA xqtjkrh dyk us ns'k esa ,d vyx best [kM+h dh gSA lh/kk mnkgj.k ysa rks iUukyky iVsy ds miU;kl ij vk/kkfjr 1969 esa cuh fQYe ^dadw* dks Js"B izknsf'kd fQYe dk vokWMZ feyk vkSj lkFk gh f'kdkxks varjjk"Vªh; fQYeksRlo esa Hkh ;g fQYe fn[kkbZ xbZA fnYyh esa vk;ksftr varjjk"Vªh; fQYeksRlo esa dsru esgrk dh xqtjkrh fQYe ^Hko uh HkokbZ* dks Hkh jk"Vªh; vokWMZ feyk FkkA 1981 esa U;w;kdZ E;qft;e vkWQ ekWMuZ vkVZ )kjk vk;ksftr rhljs ;wusLdks varjjk"Vªh; fQYeksRlo esa bl fQYe dks ;wusLdks g~;weu jkbVl vokMZ feyk FkkA xqtjkrh esa tc&tc iz;ksx gq, rc os [kwc pys gSa pkgs fQYe gks] ukVd gks ;k xqtjkrh pSuy---ysfdu cnulhch ;g gS fd ,sls iz;ksxksa dh lwph dkQh yach ugha gS vFkok mldk lqugjk le; T;knk ugha jgkA xqtjkr dks dkQh le`) jkT; ekuk tkrk gS ysfdu xqtjkrh fØ,fVo QhYM dh ckr dh tk, rks ;gka lcls igys yks

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

ctV lcls cM+h deh gSA fo"k; esa dkQh de fofo/krk ns[kus dks feyrh gSA Hkfo"; esa xqtjkrh U;wt pSuy dh la[;k c<+us dh mEehn gS ysfdu muesa mPp ekinaM dkQh t:jh gSaA tc ns'k vktkn gqvk rc xqtjkrh Hkk"kk esa 150 i=k FksA ofj"B i=kdkj fnxar vks>k ds vuqlkj 1990 esa xqtjkrh Hkk"kk esa if=kdkvksa dh la[;k 1250 vkSj nSfud 13 FksA xqtjkrh Hkk"kk esa igys jsfM;ks dsanz dh 'kq#vkr oMksnkjk ds egkjktk l;kth jko xk;dokM us 1939 esa dh FkhA bl jsfM;ks dsanz ls QS;kt [kku vksj ehjkckbZ okMdj tSls fo[;kr xk;dksa ds xhr izlkfjr gksrs FksA Vsyhfotu izlkj.k dh vge ?kVuk dh 'kq#vkr ;wa rks 15 vxLr 1975 dks gqbZ ftlesa mixzg ls xzkey{kh dk;ZØe [ksMk ftyk ds iht dsanz ls 'kq: gq, FksA ^dkdkuh Msyh* vkSj ^prqj eksVk* yksdfiz; dk;ZØe FksA bl dsanz dks 17 o"kZ ds izlkj.k ds cnys ;wusLdks vokWMZ feyk FkkA ;wa rks xqtjkr esa dkWef'kZ;y U;wt dk vkjaHk th Vhoh }kjk ^vYQk* pSuy ls gqvk ,oa yksxksa esa dkQh vk'kk Hkh txh Fkh ysfdu ckn esa ^vYQk* can gks x;kA lekpkj [kqn ,d lsyscy deksfMVh ;kuh fd i<+k ugha tk ldrk] ysfdu cspk tk ldrk gS] tSlk mRikn cu x;kA ;wa le; chrus ds lkFk xqtjkrh pSuy ds :i esa txg Hkjus ds fy, tks&tks iz;kl gq, mUgksaus turk dks vk'kk ds ctk; fujk'kk gh iznku dhA xqtjkfr;ksa us vusd {ks=kksa esa mYys[kuh; ;ksxnku fn;k gS ysfdu xqtjkrh U;wt pSuy 'kq: djus esa vxz.kh ugha cu ldsA vc rd ds lQj ij utj Mkysa rks th xzqi dh dksf'k'k ds ckn ^Vhoh 9* vk;kA ^bZVhoh* }kjk vHkh ,d [kkl U;wt pSuy 'kq: fd;k x;kA ^oh Vhoh* us Hkh LFkkuh; n'kZdksa ij /;ku fn;k gSA bu rhu pSuyksa ds ckjs esa ckr dh tk, rks vf/kdrj LFkkuh; lekpkjksa ,oa muesa Hkh Økbe lekpkjksa ij T;knk /;ku fn;k x;kA xqtjkr esa ftrus fganh

72 U;wt pSuy ns[ks tkrs gSa mrus xqtjkrh U;wt pSuy ugha ns[ks tkrsA bls ysdj xqtjkr fQj ls ppkZ esa gSA u, iz;ksxksa ds ekSle esa ftl rjg xqtjkrh fQYeksa esa ^cs ;kj*] ^vki.ks rks /kh#HkkbZ* tSlh fQYeksa us ubZ fn'kk crkbZ mlh rjg vc xqtjkrh pSuyksa esa Hkh LoLFk izfrLi/kkZ dh otg ls ubZ vk'kk fn[kkbZ ns jgh gSA xqtjkrh Hkk"kk ds izeq[k v[kckj ^xqtjkr lekpkj* }kjk ^th ,l* Vhoh U;wt pSuy 'kq: fd;k x;k gS ftlesa U;wt ds vykok LokLF; ,oa lqj laxhr ds dk;ZØeksa ij /;ku fn;k x;k gSA ^Qh;j ySl VªqFk* dh VSx ykbu ds lkFk 'kq: gqvk ;g pSuy n'kZdksa dks vPNk yxk gSA blds lkFk gh xqtjkrh v[kckj ^lans'k* us Hkh ^lans'k U;wt* pSuy 'kq: fd;kA bl rjg xqtjkr ds nksuksa eq[; v[kckjksa ds U;wt pSuy n'kZdksa dks ilan vk, gSaA gkykafd] n'kZdksa dks buls cM+h vk'kk gSA ^lans'k U;wt* dk ^fLVax vkWijs'ku* vkSj ^xqtjkr lekpkj* Vhoh dk îkWfyfVdy ,ukfyfll* yksxksa dks vPNs yxs gSaA bu nksuksa pSuyksa ls jk"Vªh; Lrj ds vusd dk;ZØeksa dh mEehn dh tk jgh gSA xqtjkr esa ^Vhoh 9*] ôh Vhoh*] ^bZVhoh U;wt* Hkh dkQh yksdfiz; gSA ,sls esa ,d ckr rks Li"V gS fd ;fn xqtjkrh yksxksa dks vPNk daVsaV feys rks os pSuy ns[kus dks rS;kj gSaA xqtjkr es lk{kjrk ,oa le`f) rks gS gh] izfr ?kj Vhoh vkSj n'kZd ds vkadMksa esa Hkh xqtjkr vkxs gSA xqtjkrh n'kZdksa dks dqN oYMZ Dykl pkfg,---vHkh vusd n'kZdksa ds fny dks VVksyus dk iz;kl gqvk rks mUgksaus dgk Hkh fd xqtjkrh turk dks LFkkuh; pSuy ls [kwu] ywV] cykRdkj vkSj ?kksVkyksa ds lekpkj feyrs gSaA dqN gh dk;ZØe esa xgjk fjlpZ ns[kus dks feyrk gS] vU;Fkk lc lkekU; <jsZ ij gaSA xqtjkrh pSuyksa ds vf/kdrj izfrfuf/k xqtjkr esa gh gksrs gSaA jk"Vªh; lekpkj dk ekeyk gks rks 'kk;n gh xqtjkrh pSuyksa ds laoknnkrk fn[kkbZ nsrs gSa vkSj os lh/ks nwljs pSuyksa ls [kcj mBk ysrs gSaA ;fn ,slk uk Hkh ekusa rks jk"Vªh; lekpkjksa ds ekeyksa esa nwljs U;wt usVodZ ij fuHkZj jgrs gSaA ,d ,slh fVIi.kh vkbZ Fkh fd xqtjkr esa lcls T;knk ns[ks tkus okys pSuyksa esa us'kuy T;ksxzkQh vkSj fMLdojh Hkh vkxs gSaA ysfdu xqtjkrh U;wt pSuy fxj esa jgus okys ,f'k;kbZ flagksa ds ckjs esa dksbZ fo'ks"k fnypLih ugha crkrsA xqtjkr i;ZVu esa Hkh vkxs gS ysfdu xqtjkr ds ^lkiqrkjk*] êkaMoh chp*] ^dkys Mwaxj* vkfn i;ZVu LFkyksa ds ckjs esa 'kk;n gh dHkh dksbZ dk;ZØe bu pSuyksa ij vkrk gSA ^dPN ds j.k* ds foKkiu ds fy, vferkHk cPpu dks cqyk;k x;kA dPN ds ^lQsn j.k* ij fMLdojh [kkl dk;ZØe cukrk gS ysfdu xqtjkrh pSuy ,slk dqN djrs ugha fn[krsA xqtjkrh pSuyksa dh vkykspuk djuk esjk mís'; ugha gS ysfdu ftl rjg rfey] dUuM+ ;k caxkyh

esa LFkkuh; U;wt pSuy pyrs gSa ml rjg dk ekgkSy xqtjkrh Hkk"kk esa ns[kus dks ugha feyrkA ysfdu vc ,slk ;gka Hkh gksxk D;ksafd ;g lR; vc xqtjkrh pSuy Hkh le>us yxs gSa ,oa le; ds lkFk cny Hkh jgs gSaA o"kZ 1994 esa nwjn'kZu ¼MhMh½ xqtjkrh dh 'kq#vkr gqbZ vkSj rc ls ns[ksa rks xqtjkrh bysDVªkWfud ehfM;k vius nks n'kd iwjs dj jgk gSA ,d vksj ;g nkSj gS rks nwljh rjQ xqtjkrh fizaV ehfM;k 200 o"kZ iwjs djus ds fy, etcwrh ls vius dne vkxs c<+k jgk gSA o"kZ 1822 esa ^eqacbZ lekpkj* 'kq: gqvk tks 1855 ls nSfud cuk vkSj yxkrkj izdkf'kr gks jgk gSA o"kZ 1865 esa 'kq: gqvk ef.k'kadj fddk.kh dk ^niZ.k* gks ;k ve`ryky 'ksB dk ^lkSjk"Vª*] chloha lnh esa xqtjkrh Hkk"kk dk ncnck FkkA xqtjkrh Hkk"kk ds vge ys[kd Tosj pan es?kk.kh ftUgksaus ftl v[kckj dk laiknu laHkkyk og ^QwyNkc* vHkh Hkh etcwrh ls fVdk gqvk gSA ^VkbEl vkWQ bafM;k* us igys viuk xqtjkrh Hkk"kk esa laLdj.k 'kq: fd;k tks ckn esa can gks x;k] ysfdu vc u, vorkj esa ^uo xqtjkr le;* ds uke ls py jgk gSA pSuyksa dh nqfu;k esa ^rkjk* pSuy us dkQh vk'kk txkbZ Fkh ysfdu ;g pSuy pyk ugha vkSj can gks x;kA dqN le; igys gh fctusl pSuy ^lh,uchlh* us Hkh viuk xqtjkrh pSuy 'kq: fd;k gSA xqtjkr esa U;wt pSuyksa ds fy, Hkfo"; mTToy gSA tc ls ,d xqtjkrh ns'k dk iz/kkuea=kh cuk gS rc ls vusd cM+s vkS|ksfxd lewgksa dk /;ku xqtjkr dh vksj x;k gSA o"kZ 1984 esa dscy Vhoh vkSj o"kZ 1991 esa lsVsykbV Vhoh vk;k ,oa blds ckn pSuyksa dh Hkjekj gqbZA igys tks n`'; dsoy jkt/kkuh ;k egkuxjksa esa ns[kus dks feyrs Fks os ?kVuk,a vc dgha Hkh ?kVsa] xqtjkrh pSuyksa ds dSejksa esa fn[kkbZ nsus yxh gSaA ;gka Hkh vc ^cwe* dh ^cwe* gS] u, U;wt jhMj rS;kj gks jgs gSaA ^th,l Vhoh* vkSj ^lans'k U;wt* ds v|ru LVwfM;ks ds lkFk tks pSuy py jgs gSa os Hkh vius lalk/ku ,oa lqfo/kkvksa dks viMsV dj jgs gSaA vgenkckn esa gq, vkraddkjh geys ds le; ftl rjg xqtjkrh pSuyksa us jax fn[kk;k oSlh gh mEehnsa [kksth i=kdkfjrk esa xqtjkr ds yksxksa us iky j[kh gSaA dbZ fo"k; vHkh Hkh pSuyksa dh utjksa ls nwj gSaA yack lQj ckdh gS ,sls esa LekVZ vkSj gkMZ odZ nksuksa ds laca/k esa dkQh dqN fd;k tk ldrk gSA xqtjkr laHkor% ;g Hkh dj crk,xk--nsf[k, vkxs&vkxs gksrk gS D;k\ ¼ys[kd ^xqtjkr lekpkj* ds lkFk fiNys 20 o"kZ ls tqM+s gq, gSaA lkFk gh os xqtjkr lekpkj ds Vhoh U;wt pSuy ds fy, Hkh LVksjht djrs gSaA fjiksfVaZx budh tku gSA½

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

u;k nkSj] ubZ pqukSfr;ka MkW- ;klhu nyky

xqtjkr esa ehfM;k f'k{k.k laLFkku

=kdkfjrk] jsfM;ks vkSj Vsyhfotu tSls ehfM;k ek/;eksa esa Hkh i f'k{kk vkSj izf'k{k.k dh t:jr gS] ;g fopkj lcls igys

fo'ofo[;kr i=kdkj tkWlsQ iqfyRtj us O;Dr fd;k FkkA o"kZ 1910 esa vius dfj;j ds vafre pj.k esa iqfyRtj tc 'kkjhfjd rdyhQksa dh otg ls chp leqnz esa tgkt esa viuk thou fcrk jgk Fkk rc mlus dksyafc;k ;wfuoflZVh dks blds fy, 20 yk[k MkWyj dk nku nsus dk fu'p; fd;kA muds nksLrksa ds xys ;g ckr ugha mrjhA bruk gh ugha] ;wfuoflZVh us Hkh ;g nku Lohdkj djus ls euk dj fn;k Fkk D;ksafd i=kdkfjrk esa f'k{kk ;k izf'k{k.k nsus dk fopkj fdlh dks Hkh ugha vk;k FkkA iqfyRtj us nyhy nh fd i=kdkjksa dks lPpk i=kdkj cuus esa enn feys blds fy, mudk f'kf{kr gksuk t:jh gSA gekjs ;gka vkt Hkh dbZ yksx ekurs gSa fd i=kdkj tUe ysrs gSa] mudks izf'k{k.k ls dHkh rS;kj ugha fd;k tk ldrkA iqfyRtj ds fopkjksa us vejhdk esa Økafr dh vkSj i=kdkfjrk dh O;ofLFkr f'k{kk 'kq: gqbZA vejhdk esa i=kdkfjrk dh i<+kbZ djkus okyh laLFkkvksa dks ^vejhdu ,lksfl,'ku vkWQ tukZfyTe ,twds'ku* uked laxBu ds ikl vius vki dks iathd`r djkuk gksrk gSA 'kS{kf.kd laLFkkvksa ds fy, blus v/;kid ,oa daVsaV rS;kj fd;k gSA blds ekinaMksa dks ikyu djus okyh laLFkkvksa dks gh ogka ekU;rk nh tkrh gSA ;gh otg gS fd vejhdh ehfM;k esa dkQh mPp ekunaMksa ds lkFk dke gqvk gSA Hkkjr esa i=kdkfjrk ds izf'k{k.k dk lcls igys iz;ksx o"kZ 1920 esa enzkl esa ,uh cslaV }kjk LFkkfir us'kuy ;wfuoflZVh esa gqvkA ogka vaxzsth lkfgR; ds foHkkx esa i=kdkfjrk dk bfrgkl] dkuwu] laiknu tSls fo"k; i<+k, tkrs FksA ;gka i<+kus ds fy, fo[;kr i=kdkj vkSj odhyksa dks cqyk;k tkrk FkkA ysfdu ikap o"kZ ckn ;g iz;ksx can gks x;kA blds i'pkr o"kZ 1938 esa vyhx<+ eqfLye ;wfuoflZVh us i=kdkfjrk ij Lora=k fMIyksek dkslZ 'kq: fd;k ysfdu ;g Hkh eqf'dy ls nks lky pykA o"kZ 1941 esa ykgkSj dh iatkc ;wfuoflZVh esa izks- ih-ihflag us vejhdu f'k{k.k i)fr ls izsfjr gksdj i=kdkfjrk foHkkx 'kq# fd;kA izks- flag Lo;a yanu ;wfuoflZVh esa i=kdkfjrk i<+dj vk, FksA vejhdk esa bUgksaus vaxzsth lkfgR; dh i<+kbZ dh FkhA o"kZ

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

1947 esa ns'k ds vktkn gksus ds ckn os paMhx<+ vk x, vkSj i=kdkfjrk foHkkx tkjh j[kkA bl rjg izks- flag dh i=kdkfjrk dh i<+kbZ&fy[kkbZ esa vge Hkwfedk jghA vktkn Hkkjr esa paMhx<+ dk i=kdkfjrk foHkkx ns'k dh ;wfuoflZVh esa lcls iqjkuk ekuk tkrk gSA o"kZ 1952 esa egkjk"Vªesa ukxiqj fLFkr fgLyksi dkyst esa i=kdkfjrk dk dkslZ ogka ds LFkkuh; i=kdkjksa ds iz;Ruksa ls 'kq: gqvk FkkA 'kq#vkr esa U;wure ,l,llh ikl i=kdkjksa ds fy, lfVZfQdsV dkslZ vkSj Lukrdksa ds fy, fMIyksek dkslZ 'kq: fd;k x;k FkkA blds izeq[k ds :i esa vejhdk dh fljkDl ;wfuoflZVh ls izks- jksykUM oksYlsyh dks cqyk;k x;kA o"kZ 1958&59 esa izks- ds-bZ- bZiu blds izeq[k cusA ckn esa dkyst us ;g foHkkx ukxiqj ;wfuoflZVh dks lkSai fn;kA ns'k Hkj ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds vykok ekjh'kl ,oa vejhdk ls Hkh ;gka Nk=k i<+us vkrs FksA o"kZ 1959 esa ;wfuoflZVh xzkaV deh'ku dks i=kdkfjrk dh i<+kbZ dks O;ofLFkr djus ds fy, pkj O;fä;ksa dh ,d lfefr cukbZ ftlesa izks- bZiu ds vykok izks-ih-ihflag] MkW- ukfnx d`".kkewfrZ vkSj mLekfu;k ;wfuoflZVh ds izks-,u-oh-ds- ewfrZ dks 'kkfey fd;k x;kA bl lfefr us i=kdkfjrk dh i<+kbZ ds fy, vf[ky Hkkjrh; Lrj dh ,d izf'k{k.k laLFkk LFkkfir djus dh flQkfj'k dh ,oa ;g fjiksVZ ljdkjh n¶rj esa /kwy [kkrh jghA 1965 ds n'kd esa Hkkjr ljdkj dks i=kdkfjrk dh i<+kbZ dk egRo le> esa vk;k vkSj vejhdh lapkj fo'ks"kK foYcj Jke dks Hkkjr cqyk;k x;kA Jke us nf{k.k&iwoZ ds ns'kksa esa bl {ks=k esa vge dk;Z fd;k FkkA bUgksaus gh lcls igys nqfu;k dks le>k;k Fkk fd xjhc ns'kksa ds fodkl esa ehfM;k vkSj lwpuk [kwc mi;ksxh lkfcr gks ldrh gSA budh flQkfj'k ls 1965 esa fnYyh esa bafM;u baLVhV;wV vkWQ ekl dE;qfuds'ku ¼vkbZvkbZ,elh½ dh LFkkiuk dh xbZA ;wfuoflZVh xzkaV deh'ku dks 1976 esa fQj vglkl gqvk fd ehfM;k esa i<+kbZ&fy[kkbZ vkSj fjlpZ dk;ksaZ ds fy, jk"Vªh; Lrj ij dqN fd;k tkuk pkfg,A ;wthlh us gSnjkckn esa ns'k Hkj dh ;wfuoflZVh ds i=kdkfjrk foHkkx ds izeq[kksa dh ,d ifj"kn vk;ksftr dh ,oa mUgsa i=kdkfjrk esa izf'k{k.k ds fy, ,d ekWMy rS;kj djus dks dgkA ,d ekl dE;qfuds'ku iSuy cuk;k x;kA ;wthlh us i=kdkfjrk ds fy, [kkl enn ,oa lalk/ku iznku djuk

74 'kq: fd;kA blh dk urhtk gS fd vkt ns'k dh yxHkx reke ;wfuoflZVh esa i=kdkfjrk dh i<+kbZ djkbZ tk jgh gSA xqtjkr esa i=kdkfjrk dh i<+kbZ&fy[kkbZ dk igyk fopkj lkfgR;dkj&f'k{kkfon Lo- jfldyky ikjh[k dks vk;kA bUgksaus o"kZ 1948 esa vgenkckn esa xqtjkr fo|klHkk esa i=kdkfjrk ds izf'k{k.k dk fMIyksek dkslZ 'kq: djk;k vkSj blds lapkyu dh ftEesnkjh f'k{kkfon ;'koar 'kqDy dks lkSaihA ;g dkyst fdlh ;wfuoflZVh ls tqM+k gqvk ugha FkkA ckn esa ,p-ds- vkVZl dkyst esa ;g ;wfuoflZVh Lrj dk fMIyksek dkslZ ds :i esa 'kq: fd;k x;kA ,d lky ds dkslZ esa 40 Nk=k i<+rs FksA ;g iz;ksx dqN o"kZ pykA blds ckn 1973 esa jktdksV esa ^QwyNkc* v[kckj us vius 50 o"kZ iwjs fd,A bl lekjksg ds ,d fgLls ds :i esa lkSjk"Vª VªLV us lkSjk"Vª;wfuoflZVh dks ,d yk[k #i;s nku nsdj ;wfuoflZVh esa gh i=kdkfjrk dk ,d iksLV xzstq,V foHkkx 'kq: djok;kA bl rjg ;wfuoflZVh Lrj ij ;g igyk dkslZ FkkA ^QwyNkc* ds ml le; laiknd fgEeryky ikjs[k Fks] ftUgksaus bl foHkkx dks 'kq: djkus esa xgjh #fp yhA vkjaHk esa xqtjkrh foHkkx ds izeq[k bZ'ojyky nos dks i=kdkfjrk foHkkx dh ftEesnkjh lkSaih xbZA ;g foHkkx iksLV xzstq,V dkslZ ds vykok ih,pMh ikB;Øe ls Hkh tqM+k gqvk gSA xqtjkr esa nf{k.k xqtjkr] mÙkj xqtjkr vkSj Hkkouxj ;wfuoflZVh esa Hkh i=kdkfjrk dh i<+kbZ gksrh gSA ysfdu buesa i=kdkfjrk dh i<+kbZ&fy[kkbZ ds O;kid lalk/ku ugha gSaA egkjktk l;kthjko ;wfuoflZVh] oMksnjk esa vyx QSdYVh xfBr dj O;ofLFkr dkslZ 'kq: fd;k x;k gSA blh ;wfuoflZVh esa ,d vyx MsoyiesaV dE;qfuds'ku dk dkslZ pyrk gSA xqtjkr esa ;wfuoflZVh ds vykok vusd izkbosV dkystksa }kjk i=kdkfjrk ls tqM+s fofHkUu ikB;Øeksa dh i<+kbZ djkbZ tk jgh gS ysfdu dbZ txg iw.kZdkfyd v/;kid ugha gSa rks dbZ txg lalk/ku ugha gSaA dqN txg va'kdkfyd :i ls i=kdkjksa ;k fjVk;j v/;kidksa dks i<+kus ds fy, cqyk;k tkrk gS rks dbZ txg ySc dk vHkko gSA dqN ds vius Hkou ugha gS rks dqN txg i;kZIr QaM ugha gSA e/;izns'k esa dqN lky igys ftl rjg ek[kuyky prqosZnh jk"Vªh; i=kdkfjrk ,oa lapkj fo'ofo|ky; vfLrRo esa vk;k] mlh rjg csgrj ;wfuoflZVh vkSj foHkkxksa dh t:jr xqtjkr esa gSA lkFk gh bu lHkh ij utj cuk, j[kus ds fy, vejhdk dh rjg ,d fu;ked dk gksuk t:jh gS D;ksafd fiNys dqN lkyksa esa futh gkFkksa us iSlk dekus ds fy, ehfM;k dkslZ ds uke ij [kqyh ywV epk j[kh gS ,oa lqfo/kkvksa vkSj lalk/ku ds uke ij U;wure phtsa

Hkh muds ikl ugha gSaA vpjt dh ckr gS fd Hkkjr ,d fo'kky ns'k gS ysfdu ,f'k;k esa ehfM;k ls tqM+h vusd vge laLFkkvksa ds eq[;ky; Hkkjr esa u gksdj NksVs&NksVs ,f'k;kbZ ns'kksa esa gSaA ^izsl QkmaMs'ku vkWQ ,f'k;k* dk eq[;ky; fQfyihal ds euhyk 'kgj esa gSA ^,f'k;k&iSflfQd czkMdkfLVax ;wfu;u* eysf'k;k ds dqvkykyEiqj esa gSA ^,f'k;u ekl dE;qfuds'ku baQesZ'ku lsaVj* dk eq[;ky; flaxkiqj esa gSA xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa igyh iqLrd o`Ùk foospu 1945 esa oMksnjk ds ,d i=kdkj jes'k xkSre mQZ jes'k ?kkjs[kku us fy[khA bl iqLrd esa i=kdkfjrk dk laf{kIr bfrgkl ds lkFk laiknu] laikndh;] dkVwZu tSls fofHkUu fo"k;ksa ij vPNh lkexzh fy[kh xbZA blds i'pkr MkW jru ek'kZy us xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk dk bfrgkl iqLrd fy[khA bl rjg 1975 rd xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa ;s dsoy nks fdrkcsa gh miyC/k FkhaA ysfdu fiNys 20 lky esa i=kdkfjrk dh fofHkUu fo|kvksa ij xqtjkrh esa vusd iqLrdsa vkbZaA i=kdkfjrk ikB;Øe esa lcls cM+h f'kdk;r ;g gS fd blds v/;kid [kwc i<+s fy[ks vkSj fMxzh/kkjh gksrs gSa ,oa os vius vki esa gh [kks, jgrs gSa vkSj v[kckjksa ;k ehfM;k ds lkFk dksbZ thoar lEidZ ugha j[krsA urhtk ;g vkrk gS fd v[kckj] Vhoh ;k osclkbV lfgr ehfM;k dk dksbZ Hkh ek/;e budks lg;ksx ugha djrk ,oa buds Nk=kksa dks izf'k{k.k nsus ls Hkh budkj dj nsrk gSA blh rjg] v[kckjksa esa cSBs iqjkuh ih<+h ds de i<+s fy[ks i=kdkj ubZ ih<+h ds lkFk lg;ksx ugha djrs vkSj mudk etkd mM+krs gSa] muds jkLrs esa vojks/k iSnk djrs gSa tks vPNh ckr ugha gSA ;g t:jh gS fd i=kdkfjrk ds laLFkkuksa vkSj ehfM;k ?kjkuksa ds chp laokn lsrq cuuk pkfg, ,oa ,d&nwljs dh dfBukb;ksa dks le>us dh dksf'k'k djuh pkfg,A nqfu;k Hkj ds v[kckjksa] mudh vkpkj lafgrk] mudk bfrgkl ;g lc vgenkckn ,oa jktdksV tSls 'kgjksa esa fdl dke dsA ehfM;k ?kjkuksa dh bl f'kdk;r dks nwj djus ds fy, fu"BkiwoZd iz;Ru gksus pkfg,A Nk=kksa dks ;g Hkh i<+kb;s ysfdu tc os i<+&fy[kdj ukSdjh djus tk,a vkSj ogka dh ifjfLFkfr esa os <y ldsa] dke dj ldas ,slh f'k{kk Hkh nh tkuh pkfg,A ehfM;k gkml esa 'kqq: esa de osru vkSj vfuf'pr ukSdjh dh tks f'kdk;r Nk=kksa dks gksrh gS] og bu ?kjkuksa dks nwj djus dh dksf'k'k djuh pkfg,A ;fn Lrj Åapk mBkuk gS rks osru Hkh T;knk nsuk gksxk vkSj f'kf{kr i=kdkj ysus gksaxsA ¼ys[kd lkSjk"Vªfo-fo-] jktdksV ds i=kdkfjrk foHkkx ds iwoZ v/;{k gSaA½

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

ehfM;k xq#

xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ds xq#% MkW- ;klhu nyky xqtjkr lkfgR; ifj"kn vokMZ ls lEekfur MkW- nyky dk tUe 9 twu 1944 esa lkSjk"Vªds ,d NksVs ls 'kgj miysVk esa gqvk FkkA xqtjkr ;wfuoflZVh esa 1966 esa Lukrd vkSj 1968 esa ijkLukrd dh fMxzh ikus ds ckn o"kZ 1881 esa mUgksaus ^lkSjk"Vªesa i=kdkfjrk dk mnHko* fo"k; ij ih,pMh dhA lkSjk"Vª ;wfuoflZVh ls 1975 esa dkuwu dh f'k{kk iwjh dhA tjkrh i=kdkfjrk dh ckr gks vkSj MkW- ;klhu nyky dk xq ftØ uk gks rks dkQh dqN v/kwjk yxrk gSA xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa vkt ftrus cM+s uke gSa ;k ehfM;k gkml esa tks /kqja/kj i=kdkj dke dj jgs gSa muesa ls vf/kdrj us ;k rks MkW;klhu nyky ls i=kdkfjrk ds xqj lh[ks gSa ;k muds lkFk fdlh uk fdlh rjg lEidZ esa jgs gSaA Njgjh dk;k] iwjk 'kjhj Oghy ps;j ds v/khu gksus ds ckotwn vkt Hkh bl 'k[l esa ogh meax vkSj tks'k dk;e gS tks fdlh ;qok esa fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA ^fjiksfVaZx ds fl)kar*] ^jsfM;ks fjiksfVaZx*] ^ys[k fy[kus dh dyk*] ^v[kckj dk voyksdu*] ^D;k vki ys[kd cuuk pkgrs gaS--i=kdkfjrk ls tqM+h ,d&nks ugha cfYd 65 ls T;knk fdrkcsa fy[kdj ;klhu nyky us fyEdk cqd vkWQ fjdkWMZ esa viuk uke ntZ fd;k gSA buds eq[; 'kks/k i=kksa esa xqtjkrh izsl dy] vkt] dyA xqtjkrh izsl ,d utj esa] xqtjkrh izsl }kjk lalnh; pquko dk dojst] vkj{k.k vkanksyu vkSj izsl] lkSjk"Vªesa ijaijkxr xzkeh.kksa ij tu lapkj dk izHkko] lapkj 'kks/k] xqtjkrh esa fQYe i=kdkfjrk] lapkj 'kks/k esa rktk #>ku] vktknh ds ckn xqtjkrh izsl] eq[; 'kgjksa esa xqtjkrh izsl] fodkl lapkj] ueZn dh lq/kkjoknh izsl] i=kdkj ds :i esa jktk jkeeksgu jk; vkfn 'kkfey gSaA xqtjkr vkSj Hkkjr ds bfrgkl esa 'kk;n ;g igyk okd;k gS tc fdlh ys[kd us i=kdkfjrk ij bruh lkjh

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

fdrkcksa dk ys[ku fd;k gksA vxj ge MkW- ;klhu nyky dh vk;q ls muds }kjk fyf[kr iqLrdksa dh la[;k dk vkSlr fudkysa rks ;g dguk fcydqy xyr ugha gksxk fd mUgksaus vius vc rd thou ds izR;sd lky esa ,d fdrkc fy[khA xqtjkr lkfgR; ifj"kn vokMZ ls lEekfur MkW- nyky dk tUe 9 twu 1944 esa lkSjk"Vªds ,d NksVs ls 'kgj miysVk esa gqvk FkkA xqtjkr ;wfuoflZVh esa 1966 esa Lukrd vkSj 1968 esa ijkLukrd dh fMxzh ikus ds ckn o"kZ 1881 esa mUgksaus ^lkSjk"Vªesa i=kdkfjrk dk mnHko* fo"k; ij ih,pMh dhA lkSjk"Vª ;wfuoflZVh ls 1975 esa dkuwu dh f'k{kk iwjh dhA vius thou esa MkW;klhu nyky dks i<+kus fy[kkus dk vuqHko 43 lky dk gS ftlesa ls pkj lky Ldwy Lrj ij] ikap lky dkWyst Lrj ij vkSj 34 lky ;wfuoflZVh Lrj ijA 1973 esa nyky lkSjk"Vª ;wfuoflZVh ds i=kdkfjrk foHkkx ds v/;{k cusA MkW- nyky us 1986 esa cfyZu fQYe egksRlo esa Hkkx fy;kA blds vykok fons'kksa esa vk;ksftr dbZ varjjk"Vªh; fQYe egksRloksa esa Hkh Hkkjr dk izfrfuf/kRo fd;k gSA xqtjkr ds izfl) v[kckj ^xqtjkr lekpkj* esa fiNys 22 lkyksa ls ^fopkj fogkj* 'kh"kZd ls mudk fu;fer LraHk izdkf'kr gks jgk gSA xqtjkr ljdkj us 1984 esa xzkeh.k fjiksfVaZx ds fy, f}rh;

iqjLdkj fn;kA 1985 esa i=kdkfjrk ds fy, miysVk E;qfufliyVh es?kkuh flYoj esMyA fQYe n'kZu fdrkc ds fy, 1985 esa vokWMZA mEnk i=kdkj dk xqtjkr ljdkj ls vokWMZA xqtjkrh lkfgR; vdkneh vokMZA xqtjkrh lkfgR; ifj"kn vokWMZA eysf'k;k] baMksusf'k;k] teZuh] euhyk esa ehfM;k ekeyksa ij vk;ksftr vusd varjjk"Vªh; dkaÝsl esa Hkkx fy;kA lkSjk"Vª;wfuoflZVh ds i=kdkfjrk foHkkx ds izeq[k jg pqds MkW- nyky ^lkStU; ek/kqjh* uke dh ekfld if=kdk ds laiknd gSaA mUgksaus vius i=kdkfjrk ds dfj;j esa Hkkjr ds iwoZ iz/kkuea=kh eksjkjth nslkbZ ,oa vVyfcgkjh oktis;h] laxhrdkj ukS'kkn] dY;k.kth] vkuanth] xhrdkj 'ke'kkn csxe] ryr egewn] eUukMs] fQYe funsZ'kd ';ke csusxy vkSj vfHkusrk vejh'k iqjh tSlh dbZ gfLr;ksa dk lk{kkRdkj fy;k gSA izfl) funsZ'kd lR;thr js vkSj vfHkus=kh uwjtgka ds thou dks gj fQYe izseh rd foLrkj ls igqapk;kA mudh N=k&Nk;k esa vkSj dq'ky ekxZn'kZu ls brus i=kdkj rS;kj gq, tks vkt xqtjkrh ,oa vU; Hkk"kkvksa ds dbZ cM+s v[kckjksa esa iz[kj i=kdkfjrk dj jgs gSaA xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ds fy, MkW- ;klhu nyky ges'kk ,d l'kDr gLrk{kj] LraHk cus jgsaxsA q

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

osc foe'kZ vt; uk;d

xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk dk Hkfo"; ,oa fMftVy xqtjkrh i=kdkjksa dks feuh ySiVkWi] LekVZQksu] dSejk ls lqlfTtr fd;k x;k gS ftlls ?kVukLFky ls gh QksVks ds lkFk fjiksVZ rRdky Hksth tk ldsA tks yksx ges'kk Vhoh ds ikl ugha jgrs muds fy, osclkbV ds lekpkj vklkuh ls dHkh Hkh miyC/k gksrs gSaA buesa QksVks nsuk Hkh t:jh gSA v[kckj ;k if=kdk esa forj.k dh leL;k dfBu curh tk jgh gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa fMftVy ehfM;k dk Hkfo"; mTToy gSA tjkrh Hkk"kk ds fy, ftl rjg fpark O;Dr dh tk jgh gS xq mlh rjg chp&chp esa xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ds fy, Hkh FkksM+s&FkksM+s fnuksa esa fpark trkbZ tkrh gSA xqtjkrh esa <sjksa v[kckj] if=kdk,a izdkf'kr gksus ds ckotwn bl rjg dh fpark trkuk vpjt iSnk djrk gS] tks LokHkkfod gSA ;fn xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk l'kDr uk gksrh rks 200 o"kZ ds ckn Hkh ,dne etcwrh ls ;wa [kM+h uk gksrhA vkt Hkh 150&175 o"kZ ls fujarj izdkf'kr v[kckjksa] if=kdkvksa dk bfrgkl gekjs lkeus gSA vkt Hkh ;g lHkh vPNh rjg py jgs gSaA rks ,sls esa loky mBrk gS fd bl rjg dh fpark O;Dr D;ksa dh tk jgh gS\ le; cnyus ds lkFk xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk Hkh cnyh gS ysfdu ;g ifjorZu cM+s Lrj ij uk gksus ls bl vksj /;ku ugha x;k gSA VsDukykWth vkSj O;kolkf;d rkSj ij fiNys 20 lky ls rqyuk dh tk, rks ;g irk pysxk fd bl {ks=k esa xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk us cM+h Nykax yxkbZ gSA 1980 ds n'kd esa tc dEI;wVj dk vkxeu gqvk rc FkksM+k vthc yxrk FkkA vaxzsth i=kdkj Vkbi jkbVj ij viuh LVksjh rS;kj djrs FksA 1985&86 ds ckn xqtjkrh i=kdkjksa us Hkh dEI;wVj ij xqtjkrh Vkbfiax }kjk viuh LVksjh rS;kj djuh 'kq: fd;kA ml le; Hkh vusd yksxksa dks vpjt gksrk FkkA /khjs&/khjs lHkh dks bldh vknr gks xbZA blds ckn fizafVax {ks=k esa izxfr gqbZ vkSj lkjs dke dEI;wVj ls gksus yxsA vkt fLFkfr ;g gS fd feuV&feuV dk fglkc irk py tkrk gSA ftu laLFkkvksa us le; ds lkFk vius dks ugha cnyk mudh gkyr diM+k feyksa tSlh gksrh xbZA bruk gh ugha xqtjkfr;ksa }kjk viuh Hkk"kk ds xkSjo ds fy, Hkh tks mRlkg ns[kus dks feyk mldh otg ls Hkh bl {ks=k esa vkt vusd njokts [kqyrs fey jgs gSaA jkT; esa lk{kjrk c<+us ds lkFk i<+us dh ykylk Hkh c<+h gSA blh dk urhtk gS fd xqtjkrh v[kckj] if=kdk,a [kwc i<+h tk jgh gSaA

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk Hkh ifjiDo gksrh xbZ ysfdu vc tks fpark gks jgh gS og vyx izdkj dh gSA Ldwyksa ls xqtjkrh Hkk"kk dks gVk;k tk jgk gSA vius xqtjkrh gh viuh larkuksa dks oSf'od cukus ds yksHk esa vaxzsth ek/;e dh Ldwyksa esa izos'k fnyk jgs gSaA ftldh otg ls ;s cPps cpiu ls viuh ekr`Hkk"kk ls oafpr jgus yxs gSaA okLro esa fpark dk fo"k; ubZ ih<+h gSA xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk dks vHkh 10&15 o"kZ rks dksbZ fnDdr ugha vk,xhA ;g ckr eSa dsoy fizafVax ek/;e dh dj jgk gwaA fdlh Hkh cM+s 'kgj ls 30&40 fdyksehVj nwj tk,a rks irk pysxk fd xzkeh.k {ks=k esa vHkh Hkh blds fy, dkQh volj gaSA xkaoksa esa Hkh lk{kjrk dk izfr'kr c<+ jgk gSA mudh Ø; 'kfä c<+ jgh gSA xkao 'kgj ds utnhd vk jgs gSaA urhtu os Hkh ek/;eksa ds utnhd vk, gSaA bruk gh ugha fiNys dqN o"kksaZ esa ,Q,e jsfM;ks dh c<+ jgh yksdfiz;rk vkSj Vhoh pSuyksa us Hkh xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk dk foLrkj fd;k gSA blds fy, t:jr ls T;knk fpark djuk Bhd ughaA ldkjkRed #[k Hkh dkQh vge Hkwfedk fuHkkrk gSA Hkk"kk ds fy, tkx`fr vkSj mlds fy, dh tk jgh dksf'k'kksa dks Hkh /;ku esa j[kuk pkfg,A dsoy csdkj dh fpark djus ls dqN gksrk ughaA blds fy, Bksl dne mBkus gksaxs ,oa Hkfo"; dks /;ku esa j[kdj ,d rjg dk ,D'ku Iyku cuk;k tk, rks xqtjkrh Hkk"kk] xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk dk Hkfo"; mTToy gS] ;g ge fl) dj ldsaxsA xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk dk lh/kk laca/k xqtjkrh Hkk"kk ds lkFk gSA Hkk"kk ftruh etcwr ,oa thoar gksxh mruh gh i=kdkfjrk f[ky mBsxhA Hkk"kk ds fy, dbZ yksxksa us vusd rjg dk yxko O;Dr fd;k gSA oMksnjk fLFkr fo[;kr Hkk"kk 'kkL=kh MkW- x.ks'k nsoh us gky esa Hkk"kk ds laca/k esa ,d fjiksVZ ljdkj dks lkSaih gSA bl fjiksVZ esa crk;k x;k gS fd ns'k esa vaxzsth ds i'pkr fganh Hkk"kk dk foLrkj gqvk gSA LFkkuh; Lrj ij ckr djsa rks xqtjkr esa cksyh tkus okyh

fofo/k Hkk"kkvksa esa ls vkfnoklh Hkk"kk /khjs&/khjs yqIr gksrh tk jgh gSA fo'ks"kdj Hkhyh Hkk"kk cksyus okyksa dh la[;k rsth ls ?kV jgh gSA xqtjkrh Hkk"kk ds fy, vHkh ,slh fLFkfr vkbZ ugha gS ysfdu ftl rjg viuh ubZ ih<+h dks xqtjkrh Hkk"kk ls oafpr j[kk tk jgk gS mls ns[ksa rks xqtjkrh Hkk"kk ds fy, Hkh fpark rks gS ghA fnYyh esa ,uMh, ljdkj ds 'kklu esa ek/;eksa ds fy, ,d ldkjkRed ekgkSy cuk gSA fiNys dkQh le; ls jsfM;ks ij lekpkj 'kq: djus ij fopkj gks jgk gSA ,uMh, ljdkj us bls lS)kafrd eatwjh ns nh gSA blds vey esa vkus ij xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk ds fy, ,d ubZ fn'kk [kqysxhA i=kdkfjrk dks vc ge dsoy fizafVax rd lhfer ugha j[k ldrsA jsfM;ks ds vykok xqtjkrh lekpkj pSuy Hkh Hkkjh izxfr dj jgs gSaA blesa ,d u;k gh ek/;e tqM+k gS vkSj ;g gS fMftVy ehfM;kA xqtjkrh osclkbVksa dh la[;k yxkrkj c<+ jgh gSA osclkbV ns[kus okyksa dh la[;k esa Hkh btkQk gks jgk gSA fons'k esa yk[kksa xqtjkrh jgrs gSaA [kkldj vejhdk] dukMk] vkLVªsfy;k] vÝhdk vkSj [kkM+h ns'kksa esa jg jgs ewy xqtjkfr;ksa dh la[;k yk[kksa esa igqap xbZ gSA bu yksxksa dk vius ns'k vkSj jkT; ds izfr izse Hkh [kwc thoar gSA mUgsa ;gka ds lekpkj pkfg, ghA Vhoh pSuy ds vykok osclkbV ,d vge ek/;e

lkfcr gqbZ gaSA osclkbV ij iy&iy ds lekpkj feyrs jgrs gSaA vusd cM+s ehfM;k gkml dh xqtjkrh lekpkj osclkbV ij cM+h la[;k esa ikBdksa ds vkus ls irk pyrk gS fd ;g la[;k Hkh yk[kksa esa igqap jgh gSA Hkkjr esa Hkys gh fMftVy ehfM;k vHkh Hkh f'k'kq voLFkk esa gS ysfdu vc xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk dk Hkfo"; fMftVy ehfM;k gSA vaxqyh dh iksj ij vc lekpkj fey tkrs gSaA osclkbV ls vxyk dne vc eksckby LekVZ Qksu gSA ges'kk lkFk jgrk Qksu mi;ksxdrkZ dks lekpkjksa ls Hkh voxr j[krk gSA xqtjkfr;ksa ds izHkko dks /;ku esa j[krs gq, ekbØkslkW¶V ,oa xwxy tSlh fo'kky daifu;ksa us xqtjkrh esa ,i cukuk vkjaHk fd;k gSA LekVZ Qksu esa vc xqtjkrh ,i vk x, gSaA bu lHkh dh otg ls xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk Hkh LekVZ cu xbZ gSA ,slh i=kdkfjrk dk Hkfo"; mTToy gksrk gSA osclkbV vkSj LekVZ Qksu dh otg ls ;qok ih<+h xqtjkrh i<+us yxh gSA bl otg ls Hkh xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk dks dksbZ fnDdr ugha gksxhA blds vykok xqtjkrh lkfgR; vHkh Hkh mruk gh lnkcgkj gSA dfork] okrkZ] ukVdksa dh otg ls tks ;qok cpiu esa xqtjkrh lkfgR; ls oafpr jgrs gSa os bu ek/;eksa }kjk xqtjkrh lkfgR; izkIr dj ysrs gSaA i=kdkfjrk esa FkksM+k cgqr lkfgR; Hkh vkrk gh gSA bl otg ls Hkh xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk dk Hkfo"; mTToy dgk tk ldrk gSA ;fn ,slk u gksrk rks bl le; ftl la[;k esa xqtjkrh v[kckj ,oa if=kdk,a fudy jgh gaS] os ugha gh fudyrsA fiNys ,d n'kd esa Hkh xqtjkrh v[kckjksa dh la[;k esa c<+ksrjh gh gqbZ gSA blds vykok dsanz esa ,uMh, ljdkj] iz/kkuea=kh in ij ujsUnz eksnh ,oa Hkktik izeq[k vfer 'kkg tSls fnXxt xqtjkfr;ksa ds vklhu gksus ls xqtjkfr;ksa dk ncnck c<+k gSA ijaijkxr :i ls xqtjkrh ftu ns'kksa esa tkrs Fks vc os mudh txg vU; ns'kksa esa Hkh tkus yxs gSaA urhtru ogka Hkh xqtjkfr;ksa dh la[;k c<+us yxh gSA ;s xqtjkrh ftl ns'k esa jgrs gSa ogka xqtjkrh Hkk"kk dh if=kdk,a 'kq: djrs gSaA vusd xqtjkrh v[kckjksa ds fons'k ds fy, vad izdkf'kr gksrs gSaA lkFk gh ogka Hkh xqtjkrh Hkk"kk esa if=kdk,a fudyrh gSaA fons'k esa jsyos LVs'kuksa ij xqtjkrh Hkk"kk ds dk;ZØe Hkh vkrs gSaA bu lHkh dh tM+sa xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa gSaA blh otg ls i=kdkfjrk i<+kus okyh laLFkkvksa dh la[;k Hkh c<+ jgh gSA gj lky lSdMksa Nk=k xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk i<+dj ckgj vkrs gSaA bruk gh ugha bu reke Nk=k&Nk=kkvksa dks xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk esa ukSdjh Hkh fey tkrh gS fQj Hkys gh og v[kckj gks ;k if=kdk,a vFkok Vhoh ;k jsfM;ks gksA ;qokvksa dks bl vksj vkrs ns[kk gSA ;fn xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk dk Hkfo"; mTToy u

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

gks rks bruh cM+h la[;k esa 'kS{kf.kd laLFkk,a 'kq: ugha gks ldrh Fkh vkSj cM+h la[;k esa Nk=k u i<+rsA xqtjkrh i=kdkjksa dks feuh ySiVkWi] LekVZQksu] dSejk ls lqlfTtr fd;k x;k gS ftlls ?kVukLFky ls gh QksVks ds lkFk fjiksVZ rRdky Hksth tk ldsA tks yksx ges'kk Vhoh ds ikl ugha jgrs muds fy, osclkbV ds lekpkj vklkuh ls dHkh Hkh miyC/k gksrs gSaA buesa QksVks nsuk Hkh t:jh gSA bruk gh ugha dbZ osclkbV rks vc vge lekpkjksa ds nks pkj feuV ds ohfM;ks Hkh viyksM dj nsrh gSaA blls ?kVukLFky ls nwj yksxksa dks lgh gdhdr rqjar ns[kus dks fey tkrh gSA fo'ks"kdj xqtjkr ls ckgj jgus okys ;k fons'k esa jg jgs xqtjkfr;ksa ds fy, ,sls lekpkj dkQh ykHknk;h lkfcr gksrs gSaA fMftVy ehfM;k esa dsoy ,d gh ckj fuos'k djuk gksrk gS ftldh otg ls ;g dqy feykdj fizafVax ek/;e dh rqyuk ls lLrk cSBrk gSA v[kckj ;k if=kdk esa forj.k dh leL;k dfBu curh tk jgh gSA ,slh fLFkfr esa fMftVy ehfM;k dk Hkfo"; mTToy gSA vxys o"kZ 4th VsyhQksu lsok 'kq: gksus ls lekpkj dkQh rsth ls feyus yxsaxsA ml le; osclkbVksa dk egRo c<+ tk,xkA U;wt iksVZy LekVZ Qksu ij jkt djsaxsA LekVZ Qksu ij

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

vkus okys lekpkjksa ds fy, Hkh xqtjkrh i=kdkjksa dh t:jr gksxhA xqtjkrh i=kdkjksa dks vk/kqfud cuuk gksxkA blds lkFk izfrLi/kkZ Hkh c<+us okyh gSA bl le; tks izfrLi/kkZ gS og ek=k lhfer ek/;eksa rd dh gSA 4th lsok vkus ds ckn izfrLi/kkZ dk Hkh foLrkj gksxkA xqtjkrh i=kdkfjrk blls igys ftruh LekVZ u gqbZ mruh vc vkus okys o"kksaZ esa ns[kus dks feysxhA ys[kd fnO; HkkLdj ds dk;Zdkjh laiknd gSaA

Laknhi dqekj JhokLro dks ih,p-Mh- mikf/k bykgkcknA mÙkjizns'k jktf"kZ V.Mu eqDr fo'ofo|ky; ds ekufodh fo|k'kk[kk dh vksj ls lanhi dqekj JhokLro dks i=kdkfjrk ,oa tulapkj esa ih,p-Mh- mikf/k iznku dh xbZ gSA lanhi us viuk 'kks/k& ^fgUnh i=kdkfjrk ij Hkwe.Myhdj.k ds izHkkoksa dk v/;;u* fo"k; esa bykgkckn fo'ofo|ky;] fgUnh foHkkx ds Mk- lw;Zukjk;.k flag ds funsZ'ku esa iwjk fd;kA lanhi orZeku esa f'k;kV~l ds Ldwy vkWQ fQYe ,aM ekl dE;qfuds'ku esa vfrfFk izoDrk gSaA

osc foe'kZ fgeka'kq fddk.kh

baVjusV ij Nk jgh gS xqtjkrh Hkk"kk xqtjkr ljdkj ds vyx&vyx ea=kky;ksa vkSj foHkkxksa ds fy, Hkh xqtjkrh osclkbV cukus dk O;kid vuqHko j[kus okys ^lk;cjlQZ* uked daiuh ds funs'kd lehj la?koh dk dguk gS fd vf/kdrj xqtjkrh osclkbV fctusl j.kuhfr ds ctk; mRlkg esa vkdj 'kq: fd, x, m|e FksA ekax u gks] dsoy vkbfM;k gks vksj osclkbV cuk nh tk, rks mlds urhts ,sls gh vkrs gSaA

VjusV ij xqtjkrh Hkk"kk dk D;k gky gS] ;g tkuus ls igys FkksM+h ckr nwljh Hkk"kkvksa dh dj ysaA nqfu;k dh yxHkx vk/kh tula[;k rd baVjusV igqap x;k gS vkSj bldk lokZf/kd mi;ksx vaxzsth esa gks jgk gSA nwljs LFkku ij pkbuht ,oa blds i'pkr Lisfu'k] tkikuht] Ýsap vkfn Hkk"kkvksa dk uacj vkrk gSA Hkkjr vkcknh ds fglkc ls ,d cM+k ns'k gS ysfdu fofo/k Hkk"kk,a gksus ls gh laHkor% pksVh dh Hkk"kkvksa dh lwph esa fganh dgha ns[kus dks ugha feyrhA Hkk"kk foKku dh n`f"V ls ns[ksa rks ekuo tkfr dk Hkk"kk foKku bl le; rhljs pj.k esa gSA igyk pj.k] ftlesa cksyh tkus okyh Hkk"kk dk fodkl gqvkA nwljs pj.k esa fy[kus vkSj fizaV djus dh Hkk"kk fodflr gqbZA rhljs pj.k esa Hkk"kk us fMftVy :i fy;k gSA blds ckn rks Hkk"kk dk dksbZ varj] dksbZ ca/ku ;k dksbZ lhek,a jgh ughaA dEI;wVj dh [kkst gqbZ vkSj baVjusV ds tUe ds lkFk nqfu;k dh vf/kdrj Hkk"kkvksa ds fo}kuksa us Lo;a dh Hkk"kk dks fMftVy :i nsdj ubZ VsDukykWth dk gj laHko ykHk ysus dk iz;kl fd;kA Hkkjrh; Hkk"kkvksa esa Hkh ;g iz;kl vkjaHk gq, gSaA bl fn'kk esa nf{k.k jkT; vkxs jgsA ogka ds fo'ofo|ky;ksa us bl laca/k esa cM+s Lrj ij 'kks/k 'kq: fd,A LFkkuh; Hkk"kkvksa esa dEI;wVj dk mi;ksx fd, tk ldus ds fy, lkW¶Vos;j cuk,aA nwljh Hkk"kkvksa ds lkFk xqtjkrh Hkk"kk dks Hkh bldk ykHk feyk vkSj xqtjkrh Hkk"kk ds lkW¶Vos;j fodflr gq,A urhtu] dEI;wVj ij xqtjkrh dk mi;ksx ljy cuk vkSj xqtjkrh esa Hkh osclkbV cuus yxhA ftl rjg vaxzsth esa eSVj dEikst djus ds fy, ,d gh rjg dk dh&cksMZ mi;ksx esa fy;k trk gS oSlk LFkkuh; Hkk"kkvksa esa ugha gks ldkA

vyx&vyx txg iz;kl fd, tkus ls vyx&vyx lkW¶Vos;j ,oa dh&cksMZ dk mi;ksx 'kq: gqvk ,oa [kkbZ bruh xgjh jgh fd bu vyx&vyx lkW¶Vos;j ds chp dksbZ rkyesy ugha cu ldkA blls ;g gqvk fd ,d lkW¶Vos;j dk mi;ksx dj fy[kh xbZ lkexzh dks T;knkrj nwljs lkW¶Vos;j i<+ ;k le> ugha ldrsA ysfdu vc rks bl fn'kk esa dkQh iz;kl gq, gSa ,oa ;wfudksM dk mi;ksx c<+ jgk gSA ;wfudksM {ks=kh; Hkk"kkvksa ds fy, ,slk ojnku gS tks baVjusV ij izknsf'kd Hkk"kkvksa ds mi;ksx esa vk jgh [kkfe;ksa dks nwj djrk gSA

baVjusV ij xqtjkrh baVjusV ds c<+rs foLrkj dks ns[ksa rks vusd baVjusV m|fe;ksa us 'kq#vkrh tks'k esa vkdj vusd dfBukb;ksa dk lek/kku [kkstrs gq, xqtjkrh esa osclkbV~l cukbZ FkhA buesa ^dse Nks-dkWe*] ^ef.kcsu-dkWe*] ^vfLerk-dkWe* tSlh xqtjkrh lkbV~l vkbZaA 1999&2000 ds nkSjku MkWV-dkWe ccy ds nkSj esa vusd xqtjkrh osclkbV~l vkbaZA ^jhfMQ-dkWe* tSlh etcwr lkbV Hkh {ks=kh; Hkk"kkvksa dh vksj vkdf"kZr gqbZA jhfMQ us igys fganh] rfey vkSj rsyqxw esa iksVZy ykap fd, vkSj 2000 esa xqtjkrh lkbV cukbZA ^bafM;kbaQks-dkWe* dh Hkh xqtjkrh lkbV cukus dh ;kstuk FkhA ml le; bruh osclkbV~l vkbZa fd ekuksa v[kckjksa vkSj Vhoh pSuYl dks VDdj nsus ds fy, ;g

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

81 ek/;e [kM+k gks jgk gks ysfdu ckn esa ;g xqCckjk QwV x;k vkSj ^bafM;kbaQks-dkWe* us xqtjkrh lkbV dh ;kstuk BaMs cLrs esa Mky nhA ^jhfMQ-dkWe* us Hkh vaxzsth ds vykok vU; Hkk"kkvksa dks can dj fn;kA ^jhfMQ-dkWe* dh xqtjkrh osclkbV ls tqM+s jgs i=kdkj fnyhi xksfgy dk dguk gS fd ml le; baVjusV dk mi;ksx vkSj dekbZ dk tks vuqeku yxk;k x;k Fkk og T;knk FkkA gdhdr esa rsth ls c<+ksrjh ugha gqbZA ml le; baVjusV dkQh egaxk FkkA nwljk] vf/kdrj osclkbV cukus okys bl ek/;e dks le> ugha ldsA LFkkuh; Lrj ij Hkh baVjusV dh mi;ksfxrk gS] bl ckr dks le>us ds ctk; fons'k esa jg jgs xqtjkfr;ksa dk /;ku [khapus ds iz;kl gq,A jhfMQ ,d vkWxsZukbTM ,QVZ gksus ds ckotwn varr% mldh fons'k esa gh jhMj'khi [kM+h gqbZ] ftldh otg ls mls ns'k esa vk; ugha gks ldrh FkhA xqtjkr ljdkj ds vyx&vyx ea=kky;ksa vkSj foHkkxksa ds fy, Hkh xqtjkrh osclkbV cukus dk O;kid vuqHko j[kus okys ^lk;cjlQZ* uked daiuh ds funs'kd lehj la?koh dk dguk gS fd vf/kdrj xqtjkrh osclkbV fctusl j.kuhfr ds ctk; mRlkg esa vkdj 'kq: fd, x, m|e FksA ekax u gks] dsoy vkbfM;k gks vksj osclkbV cuk nh tk, rks mlds urhts ,sls gh vkrs gSaA tcfd] vaxzsth osclkbV dks Hkh pykus ds fy, iSls dh deh Fkh rks {ks=kh; Hkk"kk ds iksVZy ds D;k gky gksaxs] ;g vki le> ldrs gSaA

xqtjkrh osclkbV ,oa CykWXl bl iwjh dgkuh esa jkspd fVoLV yk, ns'k&fons'k ds xqtjkrh CykWxlZA bu CykWxlZ us baVjusV ek/;e dk mi;ksx dekbZ ds cnys Lo;a ds vkuan ds fy, fd;kA tSls fd fQyksMsfYQ;k esa jg jgs fd'kksj jkoy us 1999 esa ^dslwMk-dkWe* dh 'kq#vkr dh FkhA ;g vHkh rd xqtjkrh lkfgR; ijkslrh jgh gSA 2004&2005 esa ^Qksj ,loh&izHkkruk iq"iks* ds uke ls xqtjkrh lkfgR; ds ,d 'kkSdhu us ilanhnk xqtjkrh xhr vkSj dfork,a vius CykWx esa ijkslhA blds ckn rks xqtjkrh CykWx dh la[;k c<+us yxhA oMksnjk esa jgus okys e`xs'k 'kkg us ^jhMxqtjkrh-dkWe* ds uke ls ,d osc if=kdk Hkh 'kq:

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

dhA ykHk dh txg lekt ds fy, dqN djus vkSj csgrj iBuh; lkexzh nsus ds mís'; ls 'kq: dh xbZ bl if=kdk us [kklh yksdfiz;rk gkfly dh vkSj vusd yksxksa dks CykWfxax dh izsj.kk nhA ;wfudksM ds mi;ksx ls 'kq: gq, bu CykWXl us /khjs&/khjs ;wfudksM dks Hkh yksdfiz; cuk;kA jkspd ckr ;g Fkh fd 'kq#vkr esa ys[ku ;k VsDukykWth nksuksa ckrksa dk csdxzkmaM u j[kus okys yksxksa us CykWfxax dks yksdfiz; cukus esa vge ;ksxnku fn;kA dfork izseh rks CykWfxax ds ihNs nhokus fn[ksA lwjr ds MkW- foosd Vsyj us Lojfpr dkO; dk igyk CykWx cuk;k vkSj gj 'kfuokj dks ubZ jpuk CykWx esa fy[kus dk flyflyk tkjh j[kkA vejhdk fLFkr MkWDVj fe=k vkSj dfork izseh /koy 'kkg ds lkFk nksuksa us ^y;Lrjks* uked CykWx cuk;k] tgka vkt vusd dfo;ksa dh jpuk,a ekml ds ,d fDyd ij fey tkrh gaSA MkW- foosd Vsyj dgrs gSa fd xqtjkrh Hkk"kk dh iqLrdsa lhekvksa dks ikj dj vc lPps vFkZ esa Xykscy cu jgh gSaA <sjksa CykWx vkSj Kku ds vk/kkj ij cuh lhf<+;ka p<+dj xqtjkrh Hkk"kk vkdk'k dks Nw jgh gSA ;|fi] xqtjkrh CykWXl ds f[kykQ lcls cM+h f'kdk;r ;g gS fd vf/kdrj CykWXl dforkvksa ds gSaA viuh euilan dfork ds nks&pkj 'kCn fy[krs gh iwjh dfork i<+us ds fy, feyus ds iwjs ekSds gSaA ;kuh dfork lquus vkSj i<+us dks feyus dh Hkh laHkkouk gSA ykWl,aftYl ds t;Jh Hkä us vusd tkuh&vutkuh xqtjkrh jpukvksa dks baVjusV ij viyksM fd;k gSA budh gh rjg] ewy vgenkckn ds jgus okys ,oa yanu esa LFkkbZ gq, uhjt 'kkg us Hkh xk;dksa&laxhrdkjksa ds xhrksa dks baVjusV ij xqatk fn;k gSA ;g lc cxSj iSlk vnk fd, vkSj Hkk"kk izse ds dkj.k laHko gqvkA U;wtlhZ dh eksuk uk;d mfeZlkxj ds uke ls ,d 'kCn nsrh gSa vkSj yksx bl ij iwjh dfork fy[krs gSaA ;g vn~Hkqr iz;ksx xqtjkrh esa gks jgs gaSA vgenkckn esa bathfu;j ds in ls fjVk;j gksdj vejhdk pys x, lqjs'k HkkbZ tkuh us gjh'k nos] vfer filkokfM;k] t;Jh HkDr] eksuk uk;d ds lkFk CykWx esa dfork ds vykok uohurk ykus dk iz;kl fd;k vkSj xqtjkrh fo}kuksa ,oa O;fä fo'ks"k dh thouh CykWx ij viyksM djus dh 'kq#vkr dhA nkgksn dh jkts'ojh 'kqDy

82 us Vhpj ds in ls fjVk;j gksus ds ckn usV ij cPpksa dk dyjo xqatk fn;kA vkuan ds ikl ckdjksy ds t;ar iVsy us xqtjkrh iqLrdky; dks usV ij ykus dk iz;kl fd;kA twukx<+ ds jktho xksgsy us vkLVªsfy;k esa fjlpZ djrs&djrs Hkh CykWx ls dfork vkSj ekr`Hkk"kk ds lkFk laca/k cuk, j[kkA bl rjg nqfu;k Hkj esa baVjusV ij xqtjkrh Hkk"kk dks c<+kus ds iz;kl gq, gSaA

baVjusV ij xqtjkrh ds fy, fofo/k igy baVjusV ij xqtjkrh ds izlkj dh lcls jkspd ckr ;g gS fd ;gka vf/kdrj xqtjkrh Hkk"kk dh lsok vkSj ,d&nwljs dks enn djus dh vo/kkj.kk ds lkFk tqVs gq, gSaA xqtjkfr;ksa us dsoy CykWxj cudj larks"k djus ds ctk; usV ij viuh Hkk"kk ds izlkj ds fy, fofo/k igy Hkh dh gaSA yanu fLFkr m|ksxifr jfryky panfj;k us lewps xqtjkrh 'kCndks"k dks fMftVy vkSj fDyd ij miyC/k dj xqtjkrh Hkk"kk esa ,d u, v/;k; dh 'kq#vkr dh gSA eqacbZ esa xqtjkrh dEI;wVj VsDukykWth ds fy, dk;Z dj jgs mRd"kZ us blesa [kklk ;ksxnku fn;k gSA m|ksxifr jfrHkkbZ] f'k{kd mÙkeHkkbZ xTtj vkSj bathfu;j cyoarHkkbZ iVsy dh o;kso`) f=kiqVh us i<+us ;ksX; xqtjkrh jpukvksa dh ihMh,Q Qkby cukdj ^laMs bZ&egfQy* ds :i esa gj jfookj dks bZ&esy }kjk yksxksa rd igqapkus dh ,d 'kkunkj igy dhA bUgksaus ;g lkfcr fd;k fd VsDukykWth fdlh vk;q ds yksxksa ds fy, vM+pu ugha gSA MkW- /koy 'kkg us tgka dEI;wVj ;wfudksM ,fDVosV djus dh fof/k ,dne ljy] fLØu'kkWV ds lkFk le>kdj vusd u, CykWxjksa ds fy, jkLrk vklku cuk fn;kA ogha] vejhdk fLFkr fo'kky eks.kijk us vaxzsth esa Vkbi djrs gq, xqtjkrh v{kj fizaV gksus dk 'kkunkj] vkWuykbu VkbiisM rS;kj dj fn;kA fo'kky us vU; QksaV esa fy[kh xbZ lkexzh dks ;wfudksM esa duoVZ djus dh lqfo/kk rS;kj dj vge dk;Z fd;kA fo'kky us xqtjkrh v[kckj cxSj QksaV MkmuyksM fd, i<+us dh Hkh lqfo/kk rS;kjh dhA

eksuk uk;d us lHkh xqtjkrh CykWx dh ,d fyad lfgr lwph cukbZA nqcbZ fLFkr fuys'k O;kl us ^dkdklkc* ds uke ls Vwyckj cukdj yxHkx lHkh xqtjkrh CykWx dk 'kkunkj oxhZdj.k dj usV ij xqtjkrh iBu dks vklku dj fn;kA mUgksaus xqtjkrh CykWXl ds lHkh rktk ys[k ,d lkFk ,d gh LFkku ij i<+us ds fy, ,xzhxsVj ^fuizk* dks tUe fn;kA blh rjg] vgenkckn ds iadt csxk.kh vkSj muds lkfFk;ksa us ^rksj.k* uked CykWx ,xzhxsVj xqtjkrh Hkk"kk dks fn;kA bUgksaus fganh CykWx txr dks Hkh vewY; ;ksxnku fn;k gSA ikyuiqj esa tUes dkfrZd feL=kh rks CykWxj gSa gh lkFk gh bUgksaus czkmtj ^Qk;jQksDl* dk xqtjkrh laLdj.k Hkh rS;kj djus esa vge Hkwfedk fuHkkbZ gSA bl ys[k ds ys[kd fgeka'kq fddk.kh xqtjkrh nSfud v[kckj ^fnO; HkkLdj* esa tuojh 2008 ls ^lk;cjlQj* uked LraHk fy[k jgs gSa ftlesa ljy xqtjkrh Hkk"kk esa baVjusV] dEI;wVj vkSj LekVZQksu ds ckjs esa vyx&vyx igyqvksa dh tkudkjh gksrh gSA ;g LraHk vkSj osclkbV lk;cjlQj-dkWe dkQh yksdfiz; gq, ftls ns[krs gq, Qjojh 2011 esa ^lk;jcjlQj* uked 48 ist dh ,d ekfld if=kdk 'kq: gqbZA ,d fo"k; ij v[kckj esa fy[ks tk jgs LraHk ij if=kdk 'kq: gks tk,] ;g laHkor% fdlh vU; {ks=kh; Hkk"kk esa 'kk;n gh ?kVk gksA xqtjkfr;ksa dh ;g esgur vc jax yk jgh gSA usV ij xqtjkrh vc CykWx rd lhfer ugha jgsA ^fnO; HkkLdj* lfgr vU; v[kckjksa ds osclkbV ij vc ;wfudksM esa gksus ls buds ikBdksa dh la[;k esa rsth ls c<+ksrjh gks jgh gSA xqtjkr ljdkj dh ubZ lkbV~l vc ;wfudksM esa rS;kj gks jgh gSaA vc LekVZQksu dk tekuk rsth ls vkxs ls c<+ jgk gS vkSj xwxy Hkh LFkkuh; Hkk"kk esa daVsaV c<+s vkSj eksckby esa xqtjkrh QksaV ns[kus dks feys] ds fy, iz;Ru dj jgk gSA ,sls esa dgk tk ldrk gS fd vkus okys fnuksa esa xqtjkrh dk izlkj baVjusV dh nqfu;k esa rsth ls c<+sxkA ¼ys[kd i=kdkfjrk] foKkiu vkSj lapkj {ks=k esa nks n'kd ls tqM+s gq, gSaA fnO; HkkLdj ds fu;fer LraHk ys[kd gSa ,oa lk;cjlQj uked ekfld if=kdk dk laiknu ,oa izdk'ku dj jgs gSaA½

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

osc foe'kZ dY;k.kh ns'keq[k

xqtjkrh osc i=kdkfjrk % le; 'kq: gqvk gS vc =kdkfjrk 'kCn i<+rs gh vkidks fofHkUu v[kckjksa dh ;kn i vkbZ gksxh--- ftuesa ekSle lekpkj] fØdsV Ldksj--

vkRegR;kvksa dk nkSj-- vkraddkfj;ksa dh ng'kr--- 'kksd lekpkj-- vkfn gksrs gSaA ysfdu ,d ckr vc le> ysa fd i=kdkfjrk vc dsoy dkxt ds VqdM+ksa esa gh lhfer ugha jghA vkt vkWuykbu tuZfyTe dk egRo c<+ x;k gSA eryc vkt osc i=kdkfjrk dk tekuk gSA ,sls Hkh dg ldrs gSa fd LihM dk tekuk gSA baVjusV ek/;e ls yksxksa rd igqapus dh i=kdkfjrk ;kuh osc tuZfyTeA osc tuZfyTe vf/kdka'kr% bysDVªkWfud tuZfyTe tSlh gh gS ysfdu bldk foLrkj ,oa iqjkus vadksa dks yach vof/k rd ns[k ldus dh lqfo/kk dh otg ls osc tuZfyTe nwljs ek/;eksa ls vyx fn[kkbZ nsrh gSA osc tuZfyTe esa LihM dk [kkl egRo gS] tks bls vU; ek/;eksa ls vyx fn[kkrk gSA v[kckjksa esa ge tks i<+rs gSa og ,d fnu igys ?kV pqdh ?kVuk dh tkudkjh gksrh gSA tcfd vkWuykbu tuZfyTe vkidks vkt dh ?kVuk dh vkt ugha cfYd rqjar gh tkudkjh ns nsrh gSA baVjusV vkSj eksckby ds tekus esa vktdy lHkh dks lc dqN ,d fDyd ij fey tkus dh mEehn c<+ jgh gSA vc og tekuk ugha jgk fd vki vius ys[k dks izdkf'kr djokus ds fy, v[kckjksa ds n¶rj rd tk,a vkSj rc Hkh r; ugha fd vkidk ys[k Ni gh tk,A ysfdu baVjusV ij CykWx dh lgk;rk ls vki vius fopkjksa dks yksxksa rd vklkuh ls igqapk ldrs gSaA ;gh ,slk ek/;e gS ftlds }kjk eqDr :i ls vius fopkjksa dks lewps lalkj ds lkeus j[k ldrs gSaA viuh dye dh rkdr dk ;ksX; mi;ksx djus ds fy,] vius fopkjksa] vius lans'k dks yksxksa rd igqapkus ds fy, baVjusV ls csgrj nwljk dksbZ ek/;e ughaA baVjusV ij CykWx gh ugha---Qslcqd--fV~oVj vkSj xwxy Iyl tSls lks'ky ehfM;k Hkh gaS ftuds }kjk vki yksxksa ds fopkj tku ldrs gSa vkSj vusd yksxksa rd vius fopkj igqapk Hkh ldrs gSaA dHkh ;g lkspk Fkk fd vki dsoy xka/khth 'kCn xwxy dh fdlh Hkh ekU; Hkk"kk esa fy[ksaxs rks vkidks vusd vkWI'ku fey tk,axs\ ;qok gks ;k fo|kFkhZ] dfj;j ls lacaf/kr tkudkjh gks ;k i<+kbZ&fy[kkbZ ls tqM+h lwpuk,a--lc dqN xwxy ij lpZ dj vklkuh ls tqVkbZ tk ldrh gSaA vjs HkkbZ ;gh rks vk/kqfud rduhd gS]

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

ftldk mi;ksx fd;k tkuk pkfg,A fQj ge gh ;qokvksa dh fpark esa Mwc tkrs gSa fd vkt ds ;qokvksa dk iqLrdksa dh vksj vkd"kZ.k de gks x;k gSA tc rd dEI;wVj vkSj baVjusV dh ,chlhMh gesa ugha vkrh Fkh rc gesa i<+us ds fy, iqLrdksa vkSj ukSdjh&dkjksckj ds fy, v[kckj ij fuHkZj jguk gksrk Fkk ysfdu vc osc dk tekuk gS] LihM dk ;qx gS vkSj izfrLi/kkZ dk le; gSA ;gh otg gS fd baVjusV dh vksj ;qok vf/kd ls vf/kd la[;k esa f[kaps pys tk,a rks vpjt ugha gksxkA osc ds egRo dh otg ls gh fofHkUu MkWV dkWe pSuyksa ij vkt ;g izfrLi/kkZ ns[kus dks feyrh gS fd dkSulh osclkbV fdl eq[; ?kVuk dks lcls igys viMsV djrh gSA LihM esa viMsV djus ds lkFk&lkFk ,D;wjslh Hkh mruh gh t:jh gSA eryc vki dsoy vQokgksa ds vk/kkj ij fdlh lwpuk dks viMsV dj yksxksa dks xyr jkLrs ij ugha ys tk ldrsA ,d le; yksx vkidh lkbV ij fDyd Hkh djsaxs ysfdu gdhdr lkeus vkrs gh vki yksxksa dh fo'oluh;rk [kks nsaxsA fo'oluh;rk dks ysdj osc i=kdkfjrk esa tksjnkj izfrLi/kkZ gSA dSyk'k lR;kFkhZ vkSj eykyk dks 'kkafr ukscy iqjLdkj feyk bruh gh [kcj ugha cfYd dSyk'k lR;kFkhZ ds ckjs esa ,d Hkh v{kj u tkuus ij dsoy nl feuV esa vki lc dqN tku ldrs gSaA dSyk'k lR;kFkhZ dkSu gS] mUgksaus D;k dke fd, gSa vkSj mUgsa fdu dk;ksaZ ds fy, ukscy iqjLdkj fn;k tk jgk gS] vc rd fdu&fdu dks ;g iqjLdkj fey pqdk gS lfgr ukscy iqjLdkj ds ckjs esa gtkjksa ist dh tkudkjh ik ldrs gSaA ;gka Hkh fodYi gS fd vkidks fdl ys[kd dk fy[kk gqvk i<+uk gS] fdldk ughaA ;g gS baVjusV dk deky--vkSj osc i=kdkfjrk dk /kekyA fiNys ,d n'kd esa baVjusV dk dbZ xquk fodkl gqvk gSA ehfM;k oYMZ esa Hkh baVjusV dk O;kid foLrkj gqvk gSA yksx bldh rjQ vkdf"kZr gq, gSa vkSj blfy, gh osc i=kdkfjrk dk egRo c<+rk tk jgk gSA osc i=kdkfjrk esa ;fn LihM ugha gS rks dqN ughaA osc i=kdkfjrk esa dke djus okys yksxksa ds chp ges'kk LihM dks ysdj izfrLi/kkZ jgrh gSA de le; esa vf/kd dke djus okys yksx csgn rsth ls vkxs c<+ tkrs gSaA yksxksa dk fo'okl dk;e j[kus ,oa lQy osc i=kdkfjrk dh ,d gh pkch gS LihM ,oa ,D;wjslhA ¼ysf[kdk oscnqfu;k-dkWe ds xqtjkrh iksVZy esa ofj"B mi&laiknd gSaA½

flus foe'kZ uhrk mnkuh

xqtjkrh flusek% Lo.kZ ;qx dk bartkj xqtjkrh fQYeksa esa xhr laxhr dh ckr dh tk, rks ;g Lohdkj djuk gksxk fd xqtjkrh fQYeksa esa xhr laxhr gkoh jgs ysfdu dkO; rRo [kkstus tk,a rks gh fey ik,xkA vkjafHkd nkSj esa ukV;eap ds xhr dfo j?kqukFk czãHkê] izQqYy nslkbZ vkfn dk cksyckyk FkkA 1974 ls vfouk'k O;kl us xhrdkj vkSj laxhrdkj dh nksgjh Hkwfedk fuHkkbZA tjkrh fQYeksa dh 'kq#vkr 1931 esa igyh cksyrh fganh xq fQYe ^vkyevkjk* ds vkus ds vxys o"kZ gh gqbZA 1932 esa igyh xqtjkrh fQYe ^ujflag esgrk* vkbZ ysfdu tgka fganh flusek us rsth ls izxfr dh ogha xqtjkrh flusek dk fodkl vVd x;kA bl vM+pu dh eq[; otg laHkor% ;g Fkh fd xqtjkrh flusek ifjorZu dks viuk u ldkA VsDukykWth dks utjvankt vkSj n'kZdksa ds ,d fuf'pr lewg dks /;ku esa j[kdj fQYesa cukuk xqtjkrh flusek ds fodkl esa lcls cM+k jksM+k cukA vkt 'kgjh n'kZd eqf'dy ls xqtjkrh fQYesa ns[kuk ilan djrk gSA gkykafd] vc gok dk #[k cny jgk gSA xqtjkrh u, ;qok xzqi u, fopkj ds lkFk bl {ks=k esa ifjorZu ykus ds fy, dej dl eSnku esa MVs gSaA ,sls esa xqtjkrh fQYeksa dh n'kk vkSj vc ubZ fn'kk D;k gksxh] ;g tkuuk jkspd cusxkA Hkkjrh; fQYeksa dk bfrgkl y?kq fQYeksa ls 'kq: gqvk ysfdu bldh lgh 'kq#vkr rks xwaxh fQYeksa ds vkxeu ls ekuh tkrh gSA 1913 esa nknk lkgsc QkYds us ^jktk gfj'panz* uked

fQYe cukdj Hkkjr esa fQYeksa dk ;qx 'kq: fd;k rks 1932 esa xqtjkrh esa xhr&laxhr] u`R; vkSj laokn ls lth cksyrh fQYeksa dk fuekZ.k 'kq: gqvkA 1932 esa lkxj ewohVksu ds rgr fuekZrk fpeuyky nslkbZ us ^ujflag esgrk* fQYe cukdj flusek ds bfrgkl dks vkxs c<+k;kA ;g fQYe 9 vizSy 1932 dks eqacbZ ds osLV,aM ¼ukt½ fFk;sVj esa yxhA blls igys xwaxh Hkkjrh; fQYe ,u,l- ikV.kdj vkSj }kjdkykl laiV us cukbZ FkhA ^jktk gfj'panz* ds ckn xqtjkrh cksyrh fQYe 16 vizSy dks ^eqacbZuh 'ksBk.kh* ¼ys[kd% pkai'kh mns'kh½ izLrqr dh xbZA 1932 ls 1940 ds nkSjku dbZ lkekftd dkWesMh ^?kj tekbZ*] ^vDdyuk ckjnkj* vkSj lkekftd dFkk ij cuh ^lektuk okads* ,oa ^vNwr* tSlh fQYesa cuhA blls igys lkxj ewohVksu us dUgS;kyky eqa'kh dh dgkuh ij vk/kkfjr ^cs [kjkc t.k* vkSj iyZ fiDplZ us ^QkadMks fQrqjh* uked cukbZA bl rjg xqtjkrh fQYeksa dh 'kq#vkr gqbZA 1941 ls 1945 ds nkSjku ikap o"kZ ds 'kwU;kodk'k ds ckn xqtjkrh fQYesa rsth ls cuhA 1946 esa oh-,u- O;kl dh ^jk.knsoh*] 1947 esa

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

85 ^dqaojckbZuqa ekes#* vkSj ^tlek vksM.k* dk fuekZ.k gqvkA ml le; dqN viokn dks NksM+dj vf/kdrj fQYesa /kkfeZd] ikSjkf.kd dFkkvksa ij vk/kkfjr gh FkhaA ^HkDr vacfj"k*] ^HkDr lwjnkl*] ^HkDr iqjk.k*] ^HkDr iqaMfyd*] îzgykn*] ^d`".k lqnkek*] ^jk/ks ';ke*] ûkjn eqfu*] ^lR;oku lkfo=kh*] ^vks[kkgj.k*] êgklrh vulq;k* vkfn blds mnkgj.k gSaA bfrgkl vkSj yksddFkkvksa ds leUo; ls ^lrh tlek*] ^tsly rksjy*] ^lrh lksu*] ^'ks.kh fotk.kan*] ^lnsoar lkofy;k*] ^jk uo?k.k* tSls fQYesa curh jghaA lkekftd fj'rksa ij ^HkkHkhuk gsr*] ^HkkbZcgsu*] ^Hk.ksyh cgw*] ^thouiyVks*] û.kan HkkstkbZ*] ôkjlnkj*] ôMhyksuk okads*] ôj?ksyh* tSls fQYesa Hkh lkeus vkbZaA ;|fi fdlh Hkh rjg dh dgkuh gks ysfdu bl nkSjku cuh fQYeksa dk izn'kZu mYys[kuh; ugha jgk D;ksafd xqtjkrh flusek jaxeap ds izHkko ls ckgj ugha vk ldk FkkA 1947 ls 1950 ds nkSjku rdjhcu 65 fQYeksa dk fuekZ.k gqvkA ^jk.kdnsoh* vkSj ^xq.klqanjh* fQYeksa dh lQyrk ds ckn xqtjkrh fQYeksa esa yksddFkk vkSj lkekftd dgkfu;ka NkbZaA ysfdu n'kZd cVksjus esa foQy jghaA 20 o"kZ ds le; esa dsoy 55 fQYesa cuh vkSj 1955 rd rks tks fQYesa cuh os ,dne fuLrst FkhA o"kZ 1956 esa iUukyky iVsy }kjk xzkeh.k thou dh iVdFkk ij cukbZ xbZa fQYe ê.ksyk tho* dks feyh lQyrk ds lkFk dbZ lQy fQYesa vkbZaA 1960 esa êgsanh jax ykX;ks*] 1962 esa tksxhnkl [kqek.k vkSj xq.koar vkpk;Z dh dgkuh ij cuh ^tho.kks tqxkjh*] 1964 esa eugj

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

jldiwj dh ^v[kaM lkSHkkX;orh*] 1966 esa ^dykih*] 1968 esa ^yhyqMh /kjrh*] 1969 esa iUukyky iVsy dh dgkuh ij cuh fQYe ^dadq* ds vykok xqtjkrh miU;klksa ij vk/kkfjr ^fo/kkrk*] ^pwanMh pks[kk*] ^?kjnhoMh*] ûanuou*] ^?kjuh 'kksHkk*] îkusrj*] êkjs tkoqa isys ikj*] ^cgq:ih*] ^lalkjyhyk*] ^ftxj* vkSj ^veh* tSlh fQYesa lQy ,oa f'kf{kr vkSj 'kgjh oxZ ds fy, vkd"kZd dk dsanz cuhA 1971 ls 1974 ds nkSjku dsoy nks&rhu mYys[kuh; fQYesa ^tsly rksjy* vkSj ^ljLorhpanz* ij ls cuh ^xq.klqanjhuks ?kjlalkj* vkSj n'kZd ds miU;kl ds vk/kkj ij cuh fQYe ^>sj rks ih/kka tk.kh tk.kh* ;knxkj jghA 1975 esa xqtjkr ljdkj us fQYe m|ksx ds fodkl ds fy, 100 Qhlnh mnkj djeqDr dh ?kks"k.kk dhA bl ?kks"k.kk dk ykHk ysus ds fy, xqtjkrh ,oa fganh fQYe fuekZrkvksa us xqtjkrh fQYeksa dk #[k fd;kA 1975 ls 1980 ds nkSjku ikap o"kZ esa cxSj fdlh eryc dh rdjhcu 170 fQYesa cuhA e/;e oxZ vkSj xzkeh.k n'kZdksa dks vkdf"kZr djus ds fy, ;s fQYesa eq[; :i ls /keZ] yksddFkkvksa vkSj lkekftd dFkkvksa] QkbfVax ij vk/kkfjr FkhA /kkfeZd nsoh&nsorkvksa] HkDr tuksa] lar tuksa] lrh] ;rh] yqVsjksa dh

lgh&xyr dFkkvksa dks ysdj ;s fQYesa cuh FkhaA dqN viokn dks NksM+ nsa rks fdlh Hkh fuekZrk us lekt ds fy, lkFkZd fQYesa cukus dh dksf'k'k ugha dhA o"kZ 1975 esa 12 fQYesa cuha ftuesa ,sfrgkfld dFkk ,oa laxhr iz/kku fQYe ^rkukjhjh* us n'kZdksa dks [kwc izHkkfor fd;k FkkA 1976 esa 28 fQYesa cuh ftuesa ^Mkdqjk.kh xaxk* vius funsZ'ku dh otg ls lQy jgh rks ukV~;dFkk ls ysdj cuh fQYe ^larq jaxhyh* T;knk ugha pyhA blds ckn 1977 ls 1989 rd cuh <+<sjksa fQYesa Lrj ds ekeys esa cdokl jgh vkSj buesa jkl] xjck] yksddFkk,a] yksdxhr] nksgs] Hktu vkSj csrqds elkys Bwal&Bwaldj Hkjs x,A lkekftd dFkkvksa dks esyksMªkek vkSj /kkfeZd dFkkvksa dks va/kJ)k ls Hkjiwj peRdkjksa ls is'k fd;k x;kA /keZdFkkvksa]

yksddFkkvksa vkSj izse dgkfu;ksa dks lkekU; Lrj ds dykdkjksa] xhrdkjksa] laxhrdkjksa ds lkFk lkekU; ls fupys Lrj dh cukbZ xbZA izkS<+ vk;q ds fn[kus okys ghjks&ghjksbZu] v'yhy dksesMh ds lkFk T;knkrj nsoh&nsorkvksa] ywVsjksa] yksduk;dksa] cka/kksa ,oa ufn;ksa ds lkFk lgh&xyr dgkfu;ksa ij cuh bu fQYeksa us xqtjkrh 'kgjh n'kZdksa dks fQYeksa ls nwj dj fn;kA 1978 esa cuh ^folkeks* vkSj ^dk'khuks fndjks* vPNh fQYesa FkhaA o"kZ 1990 ds ckn fQYe m|ksx ds fy, dj eqfä 100 Qhlnh ls ?kVkdj 70 Qhlnh dj nh xbZA 30 Qhlnh dj ls ljdkj us fQYe m|ksx dks izksRlkfgr djus ds fy, fuekZrkvksa dks lgk;rk djuk 'kq: fd;kA ftldh otg ls 1980 ls 1992 ds nkSjku yxHkx 220 fQYeksa dk fuekZ.k gqvk ysfdu mYys[kuh; fQYesa rks eqf'dy ls dqN gh FkhA 1980 esa vkbZ fQYe vkSj gjfd'ku esgrk ds miU;kl ij cuh ^tksxlatksx* xqtjkrh fQYeksa esa lcls gVdj vkbZA 1981 esa es/kkoh fnXn'kZd dsru esgrk dh cuh fQYe ^Hkouh HkokbZ* xqtjkrh fQYeksa ds bfrgkl esa vej gks xbZA 1984 esa Tosjpan es?kk.kh dh dFkk ij cuh fQYe ^ek.klkbZuk nhok* viuh vyx <ax dh dgkuh dh otg ls vuks[kh jghA 1989 esa ^ijlh* vkSj ^gqa gqa'kh gqa'khyky* iz;ksx'khy fQYesa FkhaA xqtjkrh fQYeksa dh iVdFkk ds ys[ku esa vge LFkku j[kus okys ys[kdksa esa prqHkqZt nks"kh] izHkqyky f=kosnh] izQqYy nslkbZ] 'k;nk] izcks/k tks'kh] panzonu] gjhu esgrk] nso'kadj egsrk] gjfd'ku esgrk] rkjd esgrk] thrqHkkbZ esgrk] jes'k esgrk] ewyjkt jktMk mYys[kuh; psgjs gSaA xqtjkrh fQYeksa esa xhr laxhr dh ckr dh tk, rks ;g Lohdkj

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

87 djuk gksxk fd xqtjkrh fQYeksa esa xhr laxhr gkoh jgs ysfdu dkO; rRo [kkstus tk,a rks gh fey ik,xkA vkjafHkd nkSj esa ukV~;eap ds xhr dfo j?kqukFk czãHkê] izQqYy nslkbZ vkfn dk cksyckyk FkkA 1974 ls vfouk'k O;kl us xhrdkj vkSj laxhrdkj dh nksgjh Hkwfedk fuHkkbZA gkykafd] ckn dh fQYeksa esa dkO; jl Hkh vk;k ysfdu ,slk yxrk Fkk fd 'kCnksa ds [ksy esa dqN vVd x;k gksA blds vykok fo[;kr yksdxhr] Hktu] xjck vkSj jkl dk Hkh xqtjkrh fQYeksa esa Hkjiwj mi;ksx gqvkA blh otg ls dk'khuks fndjks fQYe ds xhr yksxksa ds fny esa cl x,A fganh fQYeksa ds fo[;kr laxhrdkjksa us Hkh xqtjkrh fQYeksa esa laxhr fn;k ftuesa dY;k.k th] vkuan th] lh- vtqZu] fp=kxqIr] Lusgy HkkVdj] oujkt HkkfV;k vkfn 'kkfey gSaA xqtjkrh fQYeksa ds 'kq#vkrh nkSj esa jaxHkwfe ds uV&uVfu;ksa us gh eq[; Hkwfedk,a fuHkkbZa ftuesa eksguyky] vfynkn] paidyky] xksgjckuq] jktdqekjh] jkuh izseyrk 'kkfey FkhaA blds ckn fganh fQYeksa ds vusd dykdkj ftuesa eksrhyky] 'kksHkuk leFkZ] yhyk fpVuhl] lksgjkc eksnh] vk'kk ikjs[k] uohu fu'py 'kkfey gSa] us Hkh xqtjkrh fQYeksa esa vfHku; fd;kA blh rjg fganh&xqtjkrh nksuksa fQYeksa esa dke djus okyksa dh tksM+h esa jktsUnz dqekj&Å"kkfdj.k] vk'kk ikjs[k&egs'k dqekj] latho dqekj&dkfeuh dkS'ky vkfn FksA v#.kk bZjkuh] jhrk HkknqM+h] efYydk lkjkHkkbZ] vljkuh vkfn Hkh xqtjkrh fQYeksa esa dHkh dHkkj Hkwfedk fuHkkrs jgsA ysfdu 1973 esa misUnz f=kosnh vkSj Lusgyrk dh vkbZ tksM+h us ,slk jax tek;k] ftlus Ms<+ ls nks n'kd rd xqtjkrh fQYeksa esa ,dN=k jkt fd;kA misUnz f=kosnh dk 4 tuojh 2015 dh vk/kh jkr dks fu/ku gqvk] ftlls xqtjkrh fQYeksa us ,d csgrj dykdkj [kks fn;kA xqtjkrh fQYeksa ds cuus dh la[;k esa 1981 ls 1990 ds nkSjku deh vkbZ vkSj lkFk gh n'kZd Hkh ?kVsA 'kgjh oxZ rks xqtjkrh fQYeksa ls nwj gh pyk x;kA misUnz f=kosnh ds ckn ujs'k duksfM;k us xqtjkrh fQYeksa esa izos'k fd;k ysfdu mudk vfHku; lk/kkj.k jgkA 1998 esa ^ns'k js tks;k nknk ijnsl tks;k* uked fQYe tks fVdV f[kM+dh ij lQy jgh] ds lkFk fgrsu dqekj uked u, vfHkusrk dk flrkjk pedkA fgrsu dh jksek&ek.ksd ds lkFk tksM+h pedhA bl fQYe dh lQyrk ls xqtjkrh flusek m|ksx esa fQj ls vk'kk dh fdj.k fn[kkbZ nh vkSj xqtjkrh lhfj;y Hkh 'kq: gq,A o"kkZ vMkytk dh ^ekjs i.k ,d ?kj gks;* ls ^eksrhuk pksd js liukeka nhBka* lhfj;y cukA 'kSys"k iztkifr us ^fndjh ogkyuks nfj;ks* cuk;kA fQYe m|ksx dksbZ Hkh gks mlesa dbZ :<+hxzLr ekU;rk,a

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

ekStwn jgrh gSaA ,d iVdFkk fgV gksrs gh mlh rjg dh fQYeksa dk <sj yx tkrk gSA ^xksyeky* fgV gks rks ^xksyeky&2* vkSj ^xksyeky&3* cu tkrh gSA ^xkWMftyk* dh lQyrk ls ^xkWMftyk dk eqdkcyk* vkSj ^xkWMftyk ,oa jkscksV* tSlh fQYesa cu xbZA fganh fQYeksa esa ,d yo LVksjh fgV gksrh gS rks nwljs nl fuekZrk yo LVksjh cukus ds fy, eSnku esa vk tkrs gSaA xqtjkrh fuekZrkvksa us Hkh ^ns'k js tks;k nknk ijnsl tks;k* dh lQyrk ds ckn nknk vkSj csVh dh dgkuh okyh fQYeksa dh ykbu yxk nhA xqtjkrh esa dsoy /kkfeZd vkSj yksddFkk okyh fQYesa gh pyrh gSa] bl ekU;rk ls nwj jgdj lkekftd ikfjokfjd fQYesa cuus yxh ysfdu Qksdl rks csVh vkSj llqjky vkSj llqjky esa fn, tkus okys nq[k gh jgsA ^xkeeka fi;j;qa vus xkeeka lklfj;qa*] ^rkjks eyd ekjs tksoks Ns* vkfn fQYesa fiV xbZa vkSj xqtjkrh fQYeksa ds lius dh Qly pkSiV gks xbZA foiqy 'kkg us ^nfj;kNks#* tSlh vkWQchV izsedgkuh ij fQYe cukbZ] ftldk gjsd Ýse rktxhHkjk FkkA ysfdu ;g fQYe flusek gkWy esa dc yxh vkSj dc mrj xbZ] n'kZdksa dks irk gh ugha pykA xqtjkrh fQYeksa ds iqu#)kj dh igyh bZaV vk'kh"k dDdM+ us ^csVj gkWQ* uked fQYe ls j[khA ukSdjh djus okys 'kgjh ;qxy dh leL;kvksa ij vk/kkfjr bl fQYe dks flusek gkWy gh ugha feysA vU; ,d mPp Lrj ds fQYedkj fouksn x.kk=kk us ^gk#u v#.k*] ^gsMk gwM* vkSj ^yqdkNqih* tSlh LoLFk ,oa LoPN xqtjkrh fQYesa cukbZ ysfdu mUgsa fjLikal vPNk ugha feykA ^gk#u v#.k* fQYe dks rks vusd varjjk"Vªh; vokWMZ fey pqds gSaA lwjr ds uotoku fnXn'kZd uSfrd 'kkg us fganh fQYeksa dh 'kSyh ds vk/kkj ij vk/kqfud dFkk ds lkFk ^pkj* uked fQYe cukbZ] ftls flusek gky esa igqapkus esa ilhuk NwV x;kA ^lkseukFkuh l[kkrs gehjth xksfgy* uked tkunkj VsDukykWth okyh xqtjkrh fQYe dks pykus ds fy, Lo;a funsZ'kd ,oa uk;d dks iz;kl djus iM+sA gkykafd] ^dsoh jhrs tbZ'k* uked xqtjkrh fQYe ykap dj ekjokM+h ;qod funsZ'kd vfHk"ksd tSu us <ksyhoqM dks Åij mBkus dk iz;kl fd;k gSA ;g fQYe eYVhIysDl fFk;sVjksa esa dbZ lIrkg rd /kwe epkrh jgh vkSj gkmlQqy ds csuj ns[ks x,A vejhdk ds 'kgj f'kdkxks ,oa U;wtlhZ esa Hkh bl fQYe dh izLrqfr ds iz;kl fd, x,A bl fQYe dh tksjnkj lQyrk dk jgL; tkunkj fnXn'kZu] dlk gqvk laiknu] mPp rduhd] csgrj flusesVksxzkQh ,oa laxhr dh vk/kqfudrk dk laxe FkkA vU; fuekZrk&funsZ'kd ;fn blh rjg ds csgrj iz;kl djsa rks xqtjkrh fQYeksa dk Lo.kZ;qx ykSV ldrk gSA ¼ysf[kdk lkSjk"Vªfo'ofo|ky;] jktdksV esa i=kdkfjrk foHkkxk/;{k gSaA½

iqLrd leh{kk leh{kd% vfuy pefM+;k

eq[;/kkjk dh ehfM;k ds ckjs esa dka'khjke ds [;kykr vkEcsMdj ds ckn ek- dka'khjke ds usr`Ro esa tc MkW- cgqHkhejko tu vkanksyu mÙkj Hkkjr ds bykdksa esa QSyk rc muls Hkh eq[; /kkjk ds ehfM;k ds ckjs esa ogha vuqHko lquus dks feys tks Mk- vkEcsMdj ds FksA dka'khjke Hkh tc cgqtuksa dks ,d eap ij laxfBr djus ds fy, ns'k Hkj esa ?kwe jgs Fks rc viuh lHkkvksa esa os dgrs Fks fd ns'k esa iwjh lekpkj lsok dh O;oLFkk czkã.kksa&cfu;ksa ds gkFkksa esa gS tks fd muds tSls yksxksa o vkanksyuksa ds lekpkj ugha nsrs gSaA ckelsQ dks cukus vkSj mls QSykus ds nkSjku muds Hkk"k.kksa dk ,d eq[; fo"k; ehfM;k gh gksrk FkkA cdkSy dka'khjke ^os ges'kk CySd vkmV vkSj CySd esy dh uhfr viukrs gSaA os gekjk dksbZ Hkh lekpkj ugha Nki ldrsA gekjk nwljk jk"Vªh; vf/kos'ku ikap fnuksa rd fnYyh esa pyk vkSj fdlh Hkh lekpkj i=k esa ,d Hkh iafä ugha NihA* mudh bDdh nqDdh xfrfof/k;ksa dh tkudkjh ^eq[;/kkjk ds ehfM;k* ls feyrh jgh rks ;g Hkh mUgsa gSjku djus okyh ?kVuk yxrh FkhA ,slh ,d&nks ?kVukvksa dh mUgksaus vius Hkk"k.kksa esa ppkZ Hkh dh gSA 2006 esa 9 vDVwcj dks dka'khjke ds ifjfuokZ.k ds ckn mUgsa lPps fny ls pkgus okys Mk- vkEcsMdj ds laiw.kZ lkfgR; dh rjg muds cksys vkSj fy[ks dks ladfyr djus dh dksf'k'k esa yxs gSaA blh dM+h esa ,-vkj- vdsyk us dka'khjke ds lk{kkRdkj vkSj n vkizsLM bf.M;u esa izdkf'kr laikndh; ds ladyu ds ckn dka'khjke lkgc ds ,sfrgkfld Hkk"k.kksa dk ladyu rS;kj fd;k gS] ftls dbZ [k.Mksa esa izdkf'kr djus dh ;kstuk gSA dka'khjke ds ;s Hkk"k.k bl ukrs egRoiw.kZ gSa fd os cgqtuksa dk ,d fo'kky laxBu cukus dh izfØ;k esa fn, x, gSaA ehfM;k ds ckjs esa Hkh muds vuqHko vkSj ;kstuk nksuksa gh muds Hkk"k.kksa esa ckj&ckj vkrs gSaA fgUnh lkIrkfgd ^cgqtu laxBd* ds vad cgqtu vkanksyu ds fy, lokZf/kd egRoiw.kZ frfFk 14 vizSy 1980 ls fudyuk 'kq: gqvk vkSj blds laiknd [kqn dka'khjke gq,A muds Hkk"k.k ds va'k cgqtu

iqLrd % ek- dka'khjke lkgc ds ,sfrgkfld Hkk"k.k] [k.M& 1 ladyu@laiknu% ,-vkj-vdsyk izdk'kd% vkuan lkfgR; lnu] fl)kFkZ ekxZ Nkouh] vyhx<+& 202001 ewY;% #i;s& 125@& i`"B& 240

laxBd ds vadksa esa Nirs jgrs FksA Hkk"k.kksa ds bl ladyu dk egRoiw.kZ fgLlk cgqtu laxBd dh t:jr ij muds cksys o fy[ks x, oäO; ls 'kq: gksrk gSA 24 uocaj 1980 dks dka'khjke cgqtu leqnk; dks nSfud lekpkj lsok ds egRo ds ckjs esa bl izdkj tkudkjh nsrs gSa& ßnSfud lekpkj i=k jkst Nirs gSa vkSj muesa Nis vusd lekpkj ge i<+rs gSa vkSj mlls jkst c jkst gekjs n`f"Vdks.k esa varj vkrk gSA bl lR; dks Hkkjr ds 'kkld oxZ vFkok tkfr;ksa us fczfV'kdky ds izkjEHk esa gh tku fy;k Fkk vkSj ckn esa pydj mUgksus nSfud lekpkj lsok ij /khjs /khjs ,slk fu;a=k.k dj fy;k fd os bl {ks=k ds losZlokZ cu x,A mudh blh uhfr us ;gka dh nfyr tkfr;ksa ds lkeus cgqr lh dfBukb;ka [kM+h dhaA* csgn NksVs ysfdu dls gq, bl uhfr oäO; esa dka'khjke vkg~oku djrs gSa& ^tks yksx bl ckr ls nq[kh gSa fd fo'ks"kkf/kdkj lEiUu oxZ dk izHkko Hkkjr esa clus okys nfyrksa rFkk 'kksf"krksa ij xyr <ax ls gks jgk gS] mls lgh djus ds fy, mUgsa dqN dne mBkus gksaxsA mudh nSfud lekpkj lsok dh xyr O;oLFkk dks rksM+uk gksxkA* vius bl izdk'ku dks 'kq: djus ls igys os bl rF; ls okfdQ Fks fd cgqtu lekt ds izdk'ku ,d nks vadksa ds ckn ugha fudy ikrs gSaA os [kqn vius Hkk"k.kksa esa Hkh dgrs Fks fd muds lekt ds yksxksa us ,d gtkj izdk'ku 'kq: fd, ysfdu igys vad ds ckn mudk ftank jguk laHko ugha gks ldkA fygktk

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

89 izdk'ku ds egRo vkSj mls cjdjkj j[kus dh pqukSrh dks yksxksa ds chp vdlj is'k djrs FksA Hkk"k.k ds ladyu ds v/;;u ds nkSjku ;g eglwl fd;k tk ldrk gS fd dka'khjke vius 'kq: ds fnuksa esa vkanksyu ds rjhds fodflr djus] lalk/ku tqVkus vkSj yksxksa dks izsfjr djus vkSj cgqtu ehfM;k dh t:jrksa dks ,d lkFk ckj&ckj D;ksa mBkrs gSaA os ns'k ds fofHkUu fgLlksa esa pyrs fQjrs vkEcsMdj esys ds tfj;s ckck lkgsc Hkhejko vkEcsMdj ls vatku lekt ds fgLlksa dks ifjfpr djkrs gSaA bl rjg ds esys gh muds fy, tulapkj ds ek/;e FksA dka'khjke tulapkj ds ek/;eksa ds ckjs esa ;g lkQ&rkSj ij le>rs Fks fd vius lekt ds fy, lcls T;knk izHkko'kkyh vkSj izsjd dSls ek/;e gks ldrs gSaA ftl le; os ckelsQ ds tfj;s vkanksyu dh tehu rS;kj dj jgs Fks] rc cdkSy dka'khjke ml le; nfyr lekt ds rhl izfr'kr yksx ckck lkgsc Mk- Hkhejko vkEcsMdj dks tkurs ugha FksA ckck lkgsc dks tuokuk] okLro esa lekt ds ml fgLls dks jktuhfrd psruk o lkekftd ifjorZu dh lcls lfØ; rkdr ds :i esa rCnhy djuk FkkA os cgqtu lekt ds eukscy dks bl rjg ds okD;ksa ls rkdroj cukrs FksA elyu 1991 esa ckck lkgsc ds lkSosa tUefnu ls ns'k ds fofHkUu LFkkuksa ls fofHkUu Hkk"kkvksa ds ipiu nSfud lekpkj i=k fudkys tk,axs vkSj lkS ls vf/kd fofHkUu fo"k;ksa ls lacaf/kr if=kdk,a fudyus yxsaxhA xjhc gh bl ns'k dk ekfyd gS] mls viuh nhokjksa ij fy[k ysuk pkfgs, fd eSa gh bl ns'k dk ekfyd gwaA xkSjryc gS fd cgqtu lekt ikVhZ ds xBu dk ,d yack nkSj pyk gSA ljdkjh n¶rjksa esa dke djus okys deZpkfj;ksa o vf/kdkfj;ksa dks mUgksaus igys vius eq[; vk/kkj ds :i esa fodflr fd;kA ckelsQ dk xBu rks os deZpkfj;ksa o vf/kdkfj;ksa ds chp dj jgs Fks ysfdu mlds lans'kksa ls cgqtu lekt dks rkdroj cuk jgs FksA nwljh egRoiw.kZ ckr gS fd os vius Hkk"k.kksa esa nfyr fojks/kh vR;kpkj ij cksyrs fcYdqy ugha fn[krs gSaA vR;kpkj vkSj mRihM+u dh ?kVukvksa dks os ugha fxukrs gSaA lekt ds chp lans'k Hkstuk ,d cM+h jktuhfrd dyk gksrh gSA fdl rjg ds lans'kksa ls lekt dks izsfjr vkSj foijhr fopkjksa ds yksxksa dks ijkftr fd;k tk ldrk gS] ;g csgn lw{e rjhds ls fuHkkbZ tkus okyh ftEesnkjh gksrh gSA os eq[;/kkjk ds ehfM;k ds fcuk vius Jksrkvksa dks dsoy [kqn dks rkdroj le>us ds fy, izsfjr djrs jgsA os vius l/ks&l/kk, okD;ksa dks eapksa ls bl rjg crkrs gSa fd vaxzstksa ds tkus ds oä ns'k esa izFke vkSj f}rh; Js.kh ds vf/kdkfj;ksa dh la[;k egt ,d ntZu Fkh tks vkt nks

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

yk[k ls T;knk gks xbZ gSA bl rjg os ;g crkrs gaS fd vkanksyu ds fy, fdlh rjg ds lalk/ku dh deh eglwl djuk dsoy vius fnekx dh detksjh gSA dqy chl yk[k f'kf{kr deZpkjh gks x, gSaA Lukrd ikl yksxksa dh la[;k ikap yk[k gks xbZ gSA izdk'ku ds egRo dks bl rjg ls Hkh le>k tk ldrk gS fd fd Hkk"k.k dk ;g ladyu blhfy, rS;kj gks ldk D;ksafd dka'khjke ds lkFk vkanksyu esa lfØ; jgus okyksa esa ,-ds- ekS;kZ o dqanu yky tSls lefiZr dk;ZdrkZvksa us cgqtu laxBd ds vadksa dks laHkky dj j[kk FkkA mldk ykHk ,-vkj- vdsyk dks feyk] ftudh dM+h esgur ds ckn gh dka'khjke ds usr`Ro okys vkanksyu ds 'kq#vkrh fnuksa ds egRoiw.kZ lkfgR; miyC/k gks x,A dka'khjke ds bl lans'k us cgqtu lekt ds ,d fgLls dks vius lkfgR; dks laHkky dj j[kus ds fy, laHkor lcls T;knk izsfjr fd;k fd gesa nwljksa ds izdk'kuksa ij vk/kkfjr ugha jguk gSA ladyu dh Hkwfedk esa níw izlkn fy[krs gS fd ß5 vizSy 1982 rd ds cgqtu laxBd ds vadkas esa dka'khjke ds izdkf'kr Hkk"k.kksa dks fcuk fdlh O;k[;k ds T;ksa dk R;ksa izdk'ku cgqtu vkanksyu ds Hkfo"; ds fy, csgn egRoiw.kZ lkfgR; gSA bl rjg ds egRoiw.kZ dk;Z ds fy, dksbZ /kuoku lkeus ugha vk;k cfYd dka'khjke dks fopkj/kkjk le>us okys lefiZr dk;ZdrkZ gh csgn vkfFkZd dfBukbZ vkSj vlg;ksx dh Hkkoukvksa ds foijhr bl ftEesnkjh dks iwjk dj jgs gSaAÞ ¼leh{kd ns'k ds iz[;kr i=kdkj ,oa LraHkdkj gSaA½

iqLrd leh{kk leh{kd% jatuk fo"V

isM U;wt] i=kdkfjrk o yksdra=k ds fy, pqukSrh fj"B i=kdkj jkecgknqj jk; }kjk lEikfnr iqLrd ^dkyh o [kcjks a dh dgkuh* ehfM;k dh /kwfey gksrh Nfo o mlds cnys gq, pfj=k dks mtkxj djrh gSA fdl izdkj cktkjhdj.k us ehfM;k dks fe'ku dh txg ,d izksMDV cuk fn;k gSA vc bldh Nfo igys dh rjg oLrqfu"B] rF;kRed larqfyr o fu"i{k ugha jgh] bl ckr dks ysdj bl iqLrd esa fpUrk tkfgj dh x;h gSA lkFk gh mu reke ifjfLFkfr;ksa] ifjn`';ksa o dkj.kksa dks mtkxj fd;k x;k gS] ftlds dkj.k i=kdkfjrk dk iru gqvk gSA isM U;wt dh leL;k ls futkr ikus dh fn'kk esa mBk, x, dne o ftu laLFkkvksa us bldh igy dh gS muds iz;kl o bl jkg esa vkus okyh vM+puksa dk Hkh [kqyklk fd;k gSA vkt lekpkj i=kksa esa fe'ku nwj&nwj rd fn[kkbZ ugha nsrkA tu ljksdkj ds eqís ,d fljs ls xk;c gks pqds gaSA [kcjksa dh txg foKkiuksa us ys yh gSA îsM U;wt* dk flyflyk êhfM;kusV* o îzkbosV VªhVht* ds :i esa gkoh gksrk tk jgk gSA Hkqxrku'kqnk [kcjksa ds c<+rs pyu ds dkj.k ehfM;k viuh fo'oluh;rk [kksrk tk jgk gSA ehfM;k dk xSj ftEesnkjkuk joS;k ns'k ds yksdra=k ds fy, ,d cgqr cM+k ladV cu x;kA Hkqxrku'kqnk [kcjksa ds dkj.k laikndh; laLFkk u"V gqbZ gS vkSj lkFk gh i=kdkfjrk ds Lrj esa Hkh fxjkoV vkbZ gSA uo iwathokn o cktkj ds foLrkj ds lkFk gh i=kdkfjrk ls fe'ku xk;c gks x;k gS ;g dkikZsjsV ?kjkuksa o jktuhfrKksa o ,d oxZ fo'ks"k dk fgek;rh utj vk jgk gSA vkt ehfM;k dk uSfrd iru pje ij gSA ml ns'k dk D;k gksxk tgka ehfM;k gh viuh ftEesnkjh ls eqag eksM+ ysA ehfM;k fofHkUu jktuhfrd] vkfFkZd o lkekftd eqíksa ij lwpuk o fo'ys"k.k ds tfj;s tu Hkkxhnkjh ds Lrj dks c<+kus esa enn djrk gSA pquko ds nkSjku ehfM;k fu.kkZ;d Hkwfedk vnk djrk gSA tuer fuekZ.k esa ;g fo'ks"k :i ls lgk;d gksrk gSA mEehnokjksa ds lEcU/k esa fu"i{k tkudkjh nsuk] ehfM;k dk dke gksrk gSA blh vk/kkj ij turk viuk eqf[k;k pqurh gSA exj pquko ds nkSjku tc ;gh v[kckj rq"Vhdj.k dh uhfr dks viuk ysrs gSa vkSj iSls dh ,ost esa [kcjksa dh txg foKkiu Nkius yxrs gSa rks ;g fuf'pr gh turk ds lkFk fo'okl?kkr gSA ;g mUgsa xqejkg djus dh ,d lkft'k gSA ,sls esa u dsoy yksdra=k dks gkfu igqaprh gS cfYd

iqLrd % dkyh [kcjksa dh dgkuh laiknd% jkecgknqj jk; izdk'kd% jsok/kke ifCyds'kUl izk- fylh& 22] r`rh; ry] vkj-Mh-lh-uxj jktuxj] xkft;kckn ¼m-iz-½ fiu& 201 002 ewY;% #i;s& 195@&

Hkqxrku'kqnk [kcjksa ds izdk'ku o izlkj.k ds dkj.k ehfM;k dh lk[k ij Hkh cqjk izHkko iM+rk gSA mldh fo'oluh;rk Hkh [kks tkrh gSA ;g ckr tx tkfgj gS fd ehfM;k lekt dh n'kk o fn'kk cnyus esa egRoiw.kZ Hkwfedk vnk djrk gS exj tc ogh iFkHkz"V gks tk, rks ns'k dky o ifjfLFkfr;ksa dks dkSu laHkkysxk\ ;fn U;k;ikfydk] dk;Zikfydk o ljdkj dh xfrfof/k;ksa ij utj ugha j[kh x;h vkSj [kcjksa esa ikjnf'kZrk o lR;rk ugha jgh rks fuf'pr gh Hkkjr tSlk fodkl'khy ns'k ladV esa vk tk,xkA lekt o yksdra=k dh tMs+ detksj o [kks[kyh gks tk,axhA vkfFkZd] lkekftd o jktuhfrd

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

91 {ks=k esa Hkz"Vkpkj c<+rk tk,xkA fLFkfr fu;a=k.k ls ckgj pyh tk,xhA ofj"B i=kdkj e`.kky ikaMs dk dguk gS fd ßns'k ds Hkk"kkbZ v[kckj HkkSfrd xjhch ls NqVdkjk ikdj Hkys gh vius dks rhl ekj [kka le> jgs gksa] ysfdu mUgsa vHkh ;g lh[kuk gS fd is'ksoj xjhch] uSfrd xjhch ls dSls yM+k tkrk gSAÞ bl lEcU/k esa Jh lkbZukFk us dgk fd ßHkqxrku'kqnk [kcj ,d laxfBr ^m|ksx* cu x;h gS ;g m|ksx dkWiksZjsV fu;af=kr gS vkSj ns'k ds dqN lcls cMs+ ehfM;k lewgksa ds laj{k.k vkSj Hkkxhnkjh esa dke djrk gSA bl m|ksx esa i=kdkjksa dk dksbZ egRo ugha gS D;ksafd ^[kcj* ds :i esa tks dqN izdkf'kr fd;k tkrk gS] og fjiksVZjksa vkSj i=kdkjksa dk Lora=k :i ls fy[kk ugha gksrkAÞ ehfM;k laLFkku ,d vksj yksdra=k ds pkSFks LraHk ds :i esa tkus tkrs gSa ogha nwljh vksj mudk ,d O;kolkf;d i{k Hkh gS ftls le>uk Hkh vko';d gSA turk ds fy, mudh tokcnsgh ml oDr izHkkfor gksrh gS tc os vf/kdre ykHk vftZr djus ds fy, lÙkk vkSj vFkkWfjVh ds i{k esa foKkiu Nkius yxrs gSaA pquko ds nkSjku [kcjsa ek=k ,d izksisxsUMk lkexzh cudj jg tkrh gSaA vka/kzizns'k Jethoh i=kdkj la?k i=kdkjksa dk igyk ,slk la?k gS ftlus Hkqxrku'kqnk [kcjksa dks isM U;wt dh laKk nh vkSj blds f[kykQ 9 Qjojh 2010 esa Hkkjrh; izsl ifj"kn dks Kkiu Hkstk] ftlesa ;g crk;k x;k ßHkqxrku'kqnk [kcjksa dh 'kq#vkr 2004 ds vke pqukoksa ds nkSjku gqbZA ml le; vka/kzizns'k o xqtjkr ds dqN fgLlksa esa dLcksa vkSj ftyk eq[;ky;ksa ls izdkf'kr NksVs o LFkkuh; v[kckjksa us laxfBr rjhds ls bldk pyu 'kq: fd;kA bu NksVs v[kckjksa ds ekfyd o laikndksa us pquko ls igys izeq[k ikfVZ;ksa ds LFkkuh; usrkvksa ;k mEehnokjksa ls le>kSrk fd;k vkSj iSls ysdj mudh izksisxSaMk lkexzh [kcj ds :i esa Nkiuk 'kq: dj nhAÞ la?k dk dguk gS fd ßHkqxrku'kqnk [kcjksa dks izdkf'kr djuk vuSfrd vkSj xSj is'ksojkuk dke gSA ;g ikBdksa dks xqejkg djuk gSA-----ftuds ikl iSlk o rkdr gS os ifCyflVh ikrs gSaA dHkh&dHkh tks yksx Hkqxrku ugha djrs gSa] muds f[kykQ fuxsfVo fjiksfVZax 'kq: dj nh tkrh gSA--- ;g pquko eas lHkh mEehnokjksa ds lkFk leku O;ogkj djus ds fl)kar ds f[kykQ gSA blds vfrfjDr] mEehnokjksa dks bl rjg dk [kpZ vius pquko [kpZ esa fn[kkus dh t:jr ugha iM+rhA

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

;g fuokZpu dkuwu dk mYya?ku gS vkSj blls dkys /ku ds bLrseky dks c<+kok feyrk gSA bl rjg pquko dh yksdrkaf=kd izfØ;k dks detksj cuk;k tkrk gSAÞ Hkqxrku'kqnk [kcjsa izsl dh Lora=krk ds fy, rks ?kkrd gSa gh] ;g ns'k ds lalnh; yksdra=k dks Hkh izHkkfor djrh gaSA lhrkjke ;spqjhs ds vuqlkj ßgekjh yksdrkaf=kd iz.kkyh dh etcwrh turk dks iznÙk izHkqlÙkk ds vuqYya?kuh; fl)kUr ij fuHkZj gSA turk ds izfrfuf/k fo/kk;h laLFkkvksa ds tfj, ljdkj ;k dk;Zikfydk ij fuxjkuh j[krs gSa vkSj bl izdkj mls turk ds izfr tokcnsg cukrs gaSA ;g ,d ,slk eqík gS tks u dsoy ehfM;k ;k pkSFks LraHk dks izHkkfor djrk gS] cfYd gekjs ns'k esa lalnh; yksdra=k ds Hkfo"; dks Hkh izHkkfor djrk gSA ehfM;k dk dke fu"i{k] 'kq) vkSj oLrqijd [kcj o lwpuk nsuk gSA ysfdu Hkqxrku'kqnk [kcjksa ds pyu ls ehfM;k ds bl dke ij vlj iM+ jgk gSAÞ MkW- Jh/kj ds vuqlkj iSls nsdj [kcjsa izdkf'kr djuk pquko dk vijk/khdj.k gSA ß;g egt ehfM;k dh uSfrdrk dk mYya?ku ;k vuqfpr d`R; ugha gS vkSj uk gh dsoy Hkkjrh; izsl ifj"kn ds fy, fpUrk dk fo"k; gSA ;g yksdra=k ds f[kykQ vijk/k gS tks dkuwu ds rgr naMuh; gSA ;g flaMªkse dsoy Hkkjrh; izsl ifj"kn ds fy, fpUrk dh ckr ugha gS] cfYd Hkkjr ds fuokZpu vk;ksx ds fy, xEHkhj pqukSrh gSA ftldk ,d ek=k y{; Lora=k o fu"i{k pquko djkuk gS-----Þ isM U;wt dk izdj.k 2004 ds pquko ls 'kq: gqvk exj 2009 ds yksdlHkk pquko ds nkSjku T;knkrj v[kckj [kcjsa Nkius

92 ds ,ot esa jktusrkvksa ls [kklh eksVh jde izkIr dj jgs FksA ;gka rd fd ftUgksaus iSlk nsus ls bUdkj fd;k mudh fuxsfVo [kcjsa NkihA bu fLFkfr;ksa ij fu;a=k.k gsrq ,MhVj fxYM us tgka ,d vksj ,sfFkDl desVh cukbZ ogha izsl ifj"kn us Hkh bu ekeyksa dh iM+rky ds fy, milfefr xfBr dhA ;fn ehfM;k iSls ysdj [kcjsa x<+rh jgh rks mlds fu;a=k.k ds fy, ljdkj dks dksbZ Bksl dne mBkuk iM+sxkA ;fn ehfM;k us Lo;a dks le; jgrs fu;af=kr ugha fd;k rks fuf'pr gh izsl dh Lok;rrk ds fy, [krjk gks ldrk gSA bl laca/k esa jktnhi ljnslkbZ dk dguk gS fd ßvxj ns'k ds lHkh lEiknd ,d vkpkj lafgrk dk ikyu djus dks rS;kj gks tk;sa vkSj foKkiu dks foKkiu crk;sa rks bl ckr dh iwjh laHkkouk gS fd isM U;wt ls futkr fey tk,A [kcfj;k laLFkkuksa dks ;g le>uk gksxk fd isM U;wt ls mudh laLFkk dh lk[k dks uqdlku igqapk;sxkA ;g laLFkkuksa dh ftEesnkjh gS fd tks vkpkj lafgrk dk ikyu ugha djsa ml ij lkoZtfud eapksa ds tfj;s bldk ikyu djus ds fy, ncko cuk;k tk,AÞ izHkk"k tks'kh }kjk fy[ks x;s ys[k ^dkys iSls dh dkyh [kcjsa*] ^u ek;k esa u jke esa* esa Hkh Hkqxrku'kqnk [kcjksa ds c<+rs pyu dks ysdj ehfM;k dh rh[kh vkykspuk dh x;h gSA mUgksaus dgk gS fd ßv[kckj eky gks x;s] [kcjsa lfCt;ksa dh rjg fcdus yxhaA i=kdkfjrk ePNh cktkj o nyky LVªhV dgykus yxhAÞ ^isM U;wt ls njdrh ehfM;k dh fo'oluh;rk* esa fgeka'kq 'ks[kj us mu reke i=k&if=kdkvksa dk ftØ fd;k gS ftUgksaus isM U;wt ds ckjs esa fy[kkA mUgkasus jktnhi ljnslkbZ] ch-th-oxhZl dh ckrksa dk Hkh mYys[k fd;k gSA ch-th- oxhZl dgrs gSa ßtc ehfM;k laLFkku iSls ysdj [kcjsa Nkius yxsaxs rks i=kdkfjrk dh cqfu;knh 'krZ ^fu"i{krk* dks cpk;s ugha j[kk tk ldrkA fQygky yksxksa dks ;g ekywe ugha gS fd tks [kcj os i<+ jgs gSa] mls iSls ysdj Nkik x;k gSA ftl fnu mUgsa ;g irk pysxk] ml fnu ls mudk Nis gq, 'kCnksa ij ls fo'okl mB tk;sxkAÞ bl lanHkZ esa eukst feêk dgrs gS fd ßiSls ysdj [kcjsa Nkius ls i=kdkfjrk dh fo'oluh;rk dks /kDdk igqap jgk gSA ,slk djus ls ehfM;k laLFkkuksa dks rkRdkfyd rkSj ij dqN vkfFkZd ykHk rks gks ldrk gS ysfdu nh?kZdkfyd rkSj ij ns[ksa rks blls Hkkjh uqdlku gksxkA vxj iSls ysdj [kcj Nkiuk [kqn ehfM;k can ugha djsxh rks ;g ,d rjg ls ehfM;k ds fu;a=k.k ds fy, ljdkj dks vkeaf=kr djus tSlk gksxkA bl vk/kkj ij ljdkj ehfM;k ij udsy dlus dh dok;n djrh gS rks turk Hkh ehfM;k dk lkFk ugha nsxhA vxj ljdkj ehfM;k ij fu;a=k.k ds fy, dksbZ ra=k fodflr djsxh rks ;g ehfM;k dh Lok;Ùkrk ds fy, cgqr cM+k

[krjk gksxkAß] ^lcwr tqVkuk csgn dfBu % Bkdqjrk* ijkatk; xqgk Bkdqjrk ls dh x;h ckrphr ds dqN va'k Hkh blesa fn, x;s gSa] ftlls lkQ tkfgj gksrk gS fd isM U;wt ds pyrs fo'oluh;rk gh ugha iwjh yksdrkaf=kd O;oLFkk ij bldk izHkko iMs+xkA îsM U;wt dks ysdj laLFkkvksa ls mEehn* bl ys[k ds tfj, vfuy pefM+;k us O;oLFkkxr xM+cfM;ksa dh vksj ladsr fd;k gSA mudk dguk gS fd ^fdlh Hkh O;oLFkk esa fdlh Hkh laLFkk dh ,d lhek gksrh gSA mDr laLFkk ls fdlh Hkh O;oLFkkxr xM+cM+h ds lq/kkj dh mEehn rHkh rd dh tk ldrh gS tc dksbZ ekewyh xM+cM+h gksA ;fn xM+cM+h O;oLFkk ls tqM+h gks rks laLFkk,a D;k djsaxhA lalnh; yksdra=k esa ,d <k¡pk nwljs <k¡ps ij viuh cyk Vkydj dke pyk jgk gSA laLFkkvksa ds detksj gksus dh igpku blls c<+dj D;k gks ldrh gSA îjkatkW; xqgk Bkdqjrk us 'ks[kj ls ckrphr ds nkSjku ;g crk;k fd tkap fjiksVZ ehy dk iRFkj gSA jkT;lHkk esa tc isM U;wt ds elys ij cgl gqbZ rks lHkh jktuhfrd ny ,d lkFk [kMs+ utj vk,A blls lkQ gS fd os Hkh isM U;wt dh chekjh ls isj'kku gSaA ij usrkvksa ds eu esa ,d vyx rjg dk Hk; cSBk gqvk gSA usrk ehfM;k laLFkkuksa dks ukjkt ugha djuk pkgrs gSaA isM U;wt dh chekjh dks lekIr djus ds fy, yksxksa esa tkx:drk dk izlkj csgn t:jh gSA mUgksaus izsl ifj"kn dh etcwjh dh vksj Hkh b'kkjk fd;k gS] ^vxj izsl ifj"kn fjiksVZ dks Lohdkj dj Hkh ys rks Hkh lp ;gh gS fd mlds ikl naM nsus dk vf/kdkj ugha gSA ifj"kn v[kckjh laLFkkvksa dks fo'oluh;rk dk okLrk ns ldrh gS] ysfdu pkgdj Hkh v[kckj ds f[kykQ dksbZ dne ugha mBk ldrhA* ih-lkbZukFk us vius ys[k ^fjiksVZ fufgr LokFkZ dk ?k`f.kr uewuk* esa bl ckr ij vQlksl tkfgj fd;k gS fd ^Hkkjrh; izsl ifj"kn us isM U;wt dh pqukSfr;ksa ds vkxs ?kqVus Vsd fn,A mlus 30 tqykbZ dks viuh gh milfefr dh fjiksVZ dks njfdukj djus dk QSlyk dj fd;k ftlesa îsM U;wt* esa 'kkfey yksxksa ds uke fy, x, FksA* ;g iqLrd tkudkjh dh n`f"V ls vR;ar mi;ksxh gSA blls isM U;wt dh leL;k dks o bldh jkg esa ekStwn pqukSfr;ksa dks Hkh ge le> ldsaxsA izsl ifj"kn o pquko vk;ksx tSlh laLFkkvksa dh foo'krk o vllQy gksus ds reke dkj.k Hkh Kkr gksa ldsaxsA rhljs izsl vk;ksx ds xBu dh ekax ds ihNs ds dkj.kksa dh Hkh tkudkjh izkIr gksrh gSA ;g iqLrd i=kdkfjrk esa Hkz"Vkpkj dh dgkuh dks mtkxj djrh gSA ;g iqLrd egRoiw.kZ gksus ds lkFk&lkFk ehfM;k esa gks jgs Hkz"Vkpkj ds f[kykQ ,d eqfge gS vkSj bls t:j i<+k tkuk pkfg,A q

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

iqLrd leh{kk leh{kd& lbZn valkjh

vke pquko ij laiw.kZ fdrkc gS ^eksnh

ds vke pquko vkSj eksnh ;g nks eq[; fcUnq vkSj lk gjy 2014 fcUnq ls tqM+h vusdkusd 'kadk,a vkSj muds lek/kku lHkh dqN lekfo"V gSa êksnh live* esaA ns'k dh Lok/khurk ls ysdj 2014 rd ds pqukoksa rd ds izR;sd ?kVukØe] rRdkyhu jktuhfr] jktuSfrd nyksa dh dk;Ziz.kkyh lHkh dks c[kwch mHkkjk gS lat; f}osnh us iqLrd êksnh live* esaA tuuk;d ls tu&ekul dh vis{kk,a] 2014 ds pquko] uk;d dk pqacdh; O;fäRo] mldh dk;Z'kSyh] turk dh tkx:drk] djoV ysrh jktuhfr vkSj yksdra=k dh 'kfä lHkh dqN vfr jkspd vkSj izHkko'kkyh <ax ls vfHkO;ä fd;k x;k gS êksnh live* esaA eksnh vuk;kl gh turk ds uk;d ugha cus cfYd ?kVukØe ls lat; f}osnh us ;g fl) fd;k gSA gj ?kVukØe ij lat; dh iSuh utj jgh gSA turk ds lkFk lh/kk tqM+ko vkSj muds eu esa mEehnksa ds iwjk gksus dk fo'okl txkuk vklku ugha gksrkA ys[kd us Li"V fd;k gS eksnh ds mnkgj.k ls fd tura=k esa ;fn uk;d dh turk ds lkFk laoknghurk gS rks lÙkk iyVrs nsj ugha yxrhA eksnh turk ls fujarj tqM+s jgs vkSj ;gh tqM+ko mUgsa fot;h cuk x;kA eksnh dk dfj'ekbZ O;fäRo vkSj lapkj ek/;eksa dk lgh bLrseky ;gh i;kZIr ugha Fkk] eksnh dks egkuk;d cukus ds fy,A eksnh ds lkFk dsoy lius ugha Fks cfYd mUgsa lkdkj djus ds fy, n`<+ ladYi Fks vkSj lqfu;ksftr dk;Z'kSyh HkhA lat; f}osnh us chtsih] la?k vkSj eksnh ij fo'ks"k n`f"V j[kh gSA dksbZ Hkh ?kVukØe lat; dh idM+ ls vNwrk ugha jgk gSA dkaxzsl dh foQyrk vkSj ml foQyrk ds dkj.kksa ij Hkh csckd fVIi.kh dh gS lat; usA la?k vkSj chtsih dk tqM+ko vkSj la?k ds gh }kjk ujsanz eksnh dks uk;d ds :i esa izLrqr djuk vuk;l ugha cfYd cM+h dq'kyrk ls lat; us ;g n'kkZ;k gS fd uk;d ogh gksrk gS ftlds ikl nwjnf'kZrk gksrh gS vkSj tu&tu dh leL;kvksa ds lek/kku HkhA ;gh dkj.k Fkk fd chtsih dh ,sfrgkfld thr] chtsih dh ugha cfYd eksnh ds uke ij iw.kZ cgqer ls ljdkj cuh] D;ksafd yhd ls gVdj u;k vkSj lkFkZd dj fn[kkus dk eksnh esa gkSlyk gSA ys[kd lat; f}osnh us ns'k ds foHkktu ls ysdj 2009 rd ds pquko ifj.kke vkSj muds dkj.k o 2014 ds pquko esa chtsih dh thr dk fu"i{k fo'ys"k.k fd;k gSA lat; us Li"V fd;k gS fd fdlh O;fä fo'ks"k ds fojks/k esa lHkh jktuSfrd nyksa ds ,d gks tkus ls fot; ugha feyrh cfYd turk ds fny esa

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

Live*

iqLrd % eksnh Live laiknd% lat; f}osnh izdk'kd% ehfM;k foe'kZ 428] jksfgr uxj] Qst& 1] bZ& 8 ,DlVsa'ku] Hkksiky& 39 ewY;% #i;s& 25@&] i`"B& 102@&

fo'okl iSnk djus ls fot; feyrh gSA lalnh; yksdra=k dks Hkh ys[kd lat; f}osnh us c[kwch ifjHkkf"kr fd;k gSA iafMr usg: ds le; tgka fojks/k e;kZfnr Fkk] ogha vkt jktuSfrd fojks/k dks vkykspuk ekudj laln esa ve;kZfnr O;ogkj ns[kus dks feyrk gSA ys[kd lat; f}osnh us yksdra=k dh 'kfä dks Hkh mtkxj fd;k gS fd vusd jktuSfrd nyksa ds ckotwn Hkh ge lQy gSa vkSj tu&tu dh vkokt dks njfdukj ugha fd;k tk ldrkA lat; us ôk.kh vkSj deZ* esa ,drk ij fo'ks"k tksj nsus dh ckr dh gS] D;ksafd blh ls turk ds eu esa fo'okl iSnk gksrk gSA ehfM;k dh lgHkkfxrk dks ys[kd us fo'ks"k egRo fn;k gSA ys[kd ds vuqlkj vkt dk le; okLro esa ehfM;ke; le; gSA ehfM;k dh gh cnkSyr ge vkt gj jktuhfrK dks tkurs vkSj igpkurs gSaA 2014 dk pquko vxj ,sfrgkfld Fkk rks ehfM;k dh gh cnkSyrA eksnh us Hkh vius ,d lk{kkRdkj esa ;g Li"V fd;k gS] ^;fn lks'ky ehfM;k uk gksrk rks vke vkneh dh fØ,VhfoVh dk irk ugha pyrkA* pquko vfHk;ku ds izR;sd ?kVukØe ij lat; f}osnh dh iSuh utj jgh gSA ,d tkx:d vkSj ftUnkfny i=kdkj cudj lat; lkeus vk, gSaA êksnh live* fdrkc vius vki esa laiw.kZ gS] dksbZ Hkh ?kVukØe vkSj jktuSfrd foe'kZ lat; dh n`f"V ls cp ugha ik;k gSA fo'okl gS fd lat; f}osnh dh iqLrd êksnh live* uk dsoy izR;sd ikBd ds eu dks >d>ksjsxh cfYd mUgsa liuksa dks lkdkj djus ds fy, ,d ubZ fn'kk nsxh rkfd mudk uk;d yksdra=k ds vkdk'k esa ,d Åaph cgqr Åaph mM+ku Hkjdj ns'k dks vkxs ys tk,A lat; f}osnh dks 'kqHkdkeuk,aA ¼leh{kd vktrd U;wt pSuy esa ,adj gSa½

vk;kstu veu vkdk'k

i=kdkfjrk dk;Z'kkyk dk vk;kstu

u;h fnYyh] 5&19 flracj] 2014A vkbZ-Vh-vks- fLFkr xka/kh 'kkafr izfr"Bku ds rÙok/kku esa 15 fnolh; i=kdkfjrk ,oa ys[ku dk;Z'kkyk dk vk;kstu fd;k x;kA 5 flracj ls 'kq: bl dk;Z'kkyk esa i=kdkfjrk ds fofHkUu vk;keksa ds fo'ks"kK tSls jkecgknqj jk;] vP;qrkuan feJ] tokgj yky dkSy] osnizrki oSfnd] dqynhi uS;j] vjfoan eksgu] o"kkZ nkl] ef.kekyk] dej oghn udoh] fiz;n'kZu] nsofiz; voLFkh] v#.k dqekj f=kikBh] vfuy pefM+;k] ef.kdkar Bkdqj] iq.; izlwu oktis;h] joh'k dqekj] vkuan iz/kku] lar lehj ,oa i;kZoj.kfon~ vuqie feJ 'kkfey gq,A izkar ds fHkUu&fHkUu fo'ofo|ky;ksa ds i=kdkfjrk Nk=kksa vkSj bl {ks=k esa #fp j[kus okys vU; O;fävksa us Hkh viuh etcwr ekStwnxh ntZ djk;hA dk;Z'kkyk dk vkjEHk dk;Z'kkyk la;kstd vHk; izrki }kjk vk, gq, vfrfFk;ksa ds Lokxr ls gqvkA rnksijkar tulÙkk ds iwoZ laiknd vP;qrkuan feJ us izfrHkkfx;ksa dks i=kdkfjrk ds xkSjo'kkyh bfrgkl ls voxr djk;kA mUgksaus vktknh vkSj mlds ckn dh i=kdkfjrk ds ckjs esa foLrkj ls le>k;kA vktdy i=kdkfjrk ds cnyrs ek;uksa dks ysdj mUgksaus jks"k Hkh O;ä fd;kA blds ckn xka/kh Le`fr ,oa n'kZu lfefr dh funs'kd ef.kekyk Hkh izfrHkkfx;ksa ls :&c&: gqbZaA mUgksaus crk;k fd vktdy yksxksa dk :>ku i=kdkfjrk dh vksj ugha vfirq ehfM;k dh vksj gSA lcdks ehfM;k esa XySej utj vkrk gSA tks vkus okys fnuksa esa i=kdkfjrk ds fy, nq%[kn lans'k gSA ogha U;wt pSuy vkt rd ds dk;Zdkjh laiknd iq.; izlwu oktis;h us dgk fd vc i=kdkfjrk 'kCn e`rizk; gks x;h gSA bldh u;h laKk ehfM;k gSA ehfM;k] tks nkxnkj gS vkSj dV?kjs esa [kM+h gSA mUgksaus i=kdkfjrk dh Hkkoh ih<+h ls dgk fd lkjh ftEesnkjh vc vkids da/kksa ij gSA iwjh bZekunkjh vkSj fu"i{krk ls viuk dke djrs jfg,A Hkkjrh; tulapkj laLFkku ds izk/;kid vkuan iz/kku us yxHkx 45 feuV ds vius O;k[;ku esa i=kdkfjrk ls tqM+h dbZ egÙoiw.kZ ckrsa crk;haA mUgksaus crk;k fd bl {ks=k esa vki lc feydj ,d u;h 'kq#vkr Hkh dj ldrs gSaA i=kdkfjrk ds ijaijkxr fof/k;ksa ls brj dqN iz;ksx/kehZ rjhds viukb,A elyu baVjusV] CykWx ds ek/;e ls i=kdkfjrkA ofj"B i=kdkj dej oghn udoh us i=kdkfjrk dh Hkk"kk ij loky mBk, vkSj Lo;a gh mudk mÙkj Hkh fn;kA mUgksaus fganh Hkk"kk dSlh gksuh pkfg,\ laokn dk lyhdk dSlk gks\ Hkk"kk esa ,slk dkSu&lk rÙo Mkyk tk, fd viukiu yxs\ vkfn egÙoiw.kZ fo"k;ksa ij yach

ckrphr dhA iz[;kr ysf[kdk o"kkZ nkl us ySiVkWi dh lgk;rk ls xwxy dh egÙkk laca/kh ,d ohfM;ks fn[kk;k vkSj crk;k fd orZeku nkSj esa baVjusV fdl rjg ge ij gkoh gksrk pyk jgk gSA mUgksaus blds bLrseky&laca/kh nq"izHkkoksa ij Hkh ppkZ dhA ofj"B i=kdkj osnizrki oSfnd us Hkh viuh xfjeke;h mifLFkfr ntZ djk;hA gkfy;k ikfdLrkuh vkradh gkfQt lbZn ls lk{kkRdkj dj ykSVs MkWoSfnd ls ckr djus dks ysdj ;qok ih<+h dkQh mrkoyh fn[khA fons'k uhfr ij ckr djrs gq, bUgksaus viuh oä`Ro dyk ls lcdh ftKklk dks 'kkar fd;kA dk;Z'kkyk ds yxHkx vafre fnuksa esa i=kdkj vjfoan eksgu dk O;k[;ku gqvkA ftlesa mUgksaus i=kdkfjrk ij m|ksx txr vkSj lÙkk ds c<+rs ncko ds ckjs esa Nk=kksa dks crk;kA mUgksaus crk;k fd iwath ds cxSj ekl ehfM;k dk fctusl ugha py ldrk vkSj lÙkk ls fj'rs Hkh cuk, j[kuk vko';d gksrk gSA bu lHkh fo'ks"kKksa ds O;k[;kuksa ds chp izfrHkkfx;ksa ls tqM+us dk lcls izHkko'kkyh rjhdk jgk ,uMhVhoh bafM;k ds dk;Zdkjh laiknd joh'k dqekj dkA mUgksaus vukSipkfjd ckrphr ds tfj, izfrHkkfx;ksa ls lh/kk laidZ LFkkfir fd;kA lc ,d ds ckn ,d iz'u nkxrs jgs vkSj joh'k dqekj vius fpjifjfpr BsB ygts esa lcdks tokc nsrs jgsA dk;Z'kkyk ds vafre fnu 19 flracj dks ofj"B i=kdkj ,oa LraHkdkj dqynhi uS;j us vius laf{kIr lacks/ku ds ckn lHkh izfrHkkfx;ksa dks izek.k&i=k iznku fd,A dqN vU; fo"k;ksa ls lacaf/kr iqLrdsa ,oa if=kdk,¡Hkh nh x;haA dk;ZØe ds var esa xka/kh 'kkafr izfr"Bku ds lfpo lqjsanz 'kekZ us lcdk /kU;okn Kkiu djrs gq, lekiu dh ?kks"k.kk dhA q

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

fo'ks"k fjiksVZ

laosnuk,a gks jgh gSa [kRe% rsftUnj ^dyk le;* ds laiknd ,oa laLd`frdehZ fou; mik/;k; dk lEeku

lk/kuk dk lEeku% lekjksg ds eap ij mifLFkr fo}rtu MkW- lqHknzk jkBkSj] t;izdk'k ekul] fxjh'k iadt] izks- c`t fd'kksj dqfB;kyk] fou; mik/;k;] dey Hkqous'k ,oa MkW- Jhdkar flagA

Hkksiky] 07 QjojhA ßge cgqr gh dfBu le; esa th jgs gSa] ;g gesa ;kn j[kuk pkfg,A orZeku le; esa yksxksa dh laosnuk,a [kRe gks jgh gSa] ;g xaHkhj ckr gSA ehfM;k dh Hkh ;gh fLFkfr gSA ehfM;k ds fy, Hkw[k vkSj xjhch dksbZ [kcj ugha gSA mldh lkjh [kcjsa jktuhfr] fØdsV] ckWyhoqM vkSj QS'ku ds bnZ&fxnZ gSaAÞ ;s fopkj iz[;kr miU;kldkj rsftUnj us O;ä fd,A ehfM;k foe'kZ ds rRoko/kku esa vk;ksftr iac`tyky f}osnh Le`fr vf[ky Hkkjrh; lkfgfR;d i=kdkfjrk lEeku lekjksg esa os crkSj eq[; vfrfFk ekStwn FksA dk;ZØe dh v/;{krk ek[kuyky prqosZnh jk"Vªh; i=kdkfjrk ,oa lapkj fo'ofo|ky; ds dqyifr izks- c`tfd'kksj dqfB;kyk us dhA mÙkjizns'k ds iwoZ eq[;ea=kh ,oa lkaln txnfEcdk iky Hkh fof'k"V vfrfFk ds ukrs mifLFkr FksA lEeku lekjksg esa lkroka ia- c`tyky f}osnh Le`fr vf[ky Hkkjrh; lkfgfR;d i=kdkfjrk lEeku&2015 ^dyk le;* vkSj ^jax laokn* ds laiknd fou; mik/;k; dks fn;k x;kA izLrqr gS dk;ZØe esa oäkvksa ds }kjk O;ä fd, x, vfody fopkj&&

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

96 ehfM;k foe'kZ ifjokj dk izfr"Bk vk;kstu% MkW- Jhdkar flag o"kZ 2007 ls ehfM;k foe'kZ ;g iqjLdkj izfro"kZ lkfgfR;d i=kdkfjrk ds {ks=k eas dk;Z djus okys ns ' k ds ekus & tkus fo}kuksa dks gj lky ns jgk gSA ehfM;k foe'kZ dh LFkkiuk o"kZ 2006 esa gqbZ FkhA blds ihNs ,d dFkkud ;g gS fd ge yksxksa dks ;g yx jgk Fkk fd ehfM;k lcdh [kcj ys jgh gSA vHkh fnYyh esa pquko py jgk Fkk] nks eghus ls turk b/kj&m/kj] dHkh i{k esa dHkh foi{k esa] lc dqN dgus dk dke ehfM;k dj jgh gSA ysfdu] ehfM;k ds ikl ,slk dksbZ vk/kkj ugha gS fd og vius dk;kZsa dh [kcj ysA bl n`f"V ls ehfM;k foe'kZ uke ls ,d ,slh if=kdk dk 'kqHkkjaHk geus fd;k] tks ehfM;k ds {ks=k esa gh dk;Zjr yksxksa] ehfM;k eas D;k gks jgk gS] ehfM;k dh D;k xfrfof/k;ka gSa] ns'k&fons'k] bl lc ij lkexzh miyC/k djk,A =kSekfld :i ls if=kdk dk vHkh rd ;g uoka o"kZ gSA if=kdk us lQyrkiwoZd vius gj vad ds lkFk Hkkjr esa mÙkj ls ysdj nf{k.k rd] iwoZ ls ysdj if'pe rd viuh etcwr idM+ cuk yh gSA blds xzkgdksa dh la[;k fujarj c<+rh tk jgh gSA vius izdk'ku ds ,d o"kZ ckn ehfM;k foe'kZ us iafMr c`tyky f}osnh dh Le`fr esa lkfgfR;d i=kdkjksa ds fy;s vf[ky Hkkjrh; lEeku iqjLdkj nsus dk vk;kstu fd;kA bl dM+h esa vHkh rd yxHkx Ng fo}kuksa dks lEekfur fd;k x;k gSA ;s iqjLdkj dk lkroka o"kZ gSA lcls igyk iqjLdkj bankSj dh lkfgfR;d if=kdk ^oh.kk* ds laiknd ';ke lqanj O;kl dks fn;k x;kA blds fy;s bankSj eas gh lEeku lekjksg dk vk;kstu fd;k x;k FkkA o"kZ 2008 esa nwljk lEeku xksj[kiqj ds fo'oukFk izlkn frokjh dks fn;k x;kA jk;iqj esa 25 ebZ] 2008 dks vk;ksftr lekjksg esa ;g lEeku fn;k x;k FkkA rhljk lEeku] fnYyh ls izdkf'kr if=kdk ^dFkkns'k* ds laiknd gfjukjk;.k th dks fcykliqj eas vk;ksftr lEeku lekjksg esa fn;k x;kA pkSFkk lEeku] if=kdk ^vdlj* ds laiknd gsrq Hkkj}kt dks Hkkjr Hkou eas vk;ksftr lekjksg esa fn;k x;k FkkA mlds ckn jk;iqj ls izdkf'kr lkfgfR;d if=kdk ^ln~Hkkouk niZ.k* ds laiknd

fxjh'k iadt dks 7 Qjojh] 2013 dks Hkksiky esa vk;ksftr lekjksg esa lEekfur fd;k x;k FkkA 7 Qjojh] 2014 dks fnYyh ls izdkf'kr if=kdk ^O;aX; ;k=kk* ds laiknd izse tuest; dk lEeku fd;k x;kA blh dM+h dks vkxs c<+krs gq, ehfM;k foe'kZ ifjokj dh rjQ ls lkroka lEeku ns'k ds ekus&tkus dyk leh{kd ,oa lkfgR; ds {ks=k esa pfpZr Hkksiky ds gh lkfgfR;d i=kdkj fou; mik/;k; dks fn;k tk jgk gSA ge mUgsa lEekfur djrs gq, xkSjokfUor gks jgs gSaA eap ij mifLFkr iz[;kr lkfgR;dkj rsftUnj] ek[kuyky prqosZnh jk"Vªh; i=kdkfjrk ,oa lapkj fo'ofo|ky; ds dqyifr izksc`tfd'kksj dqfB;kykth] lkfgR;dkj fxjh'k iadt] t;izdk'k ekul] vkfFkZd i=kdkj dey Hkqous'k vkSj MkW- lqHknzk jkBkSj] tks vius le; esa ls dqN le; dkVdj gh ;gk¡vk, gSaA ge vki lcdk gkfnZd vfHkuanu djrs gSaA ehfM;k foe'kZ ds eq[; drkZ/krkZ] ftudh izsj.kk vkSj ftuds ef"r"d ds cy ij gh ehfM;k foe'kZ dk lEiknu] izdk'ku gksrk jgk gS] ,sls lat; f}osnh dk vkt tUefnol gSA mudk Hkh vfHkuanu gSSA

vuwBs 'kCn lk/kd gSa fou;% t;izdk'k ekul fu.kkZ;d eaMy dh vksj ls viuh ckr j[k jgk gw¡A ;fn lEeku vkSj iqjLdkj euq"; ds lkekthdj.k ,oa laLd`frdj.k dh iqjkru izfof/k vkSj izHkkoh ps"Vk,¡ gSa rks mlesa vk;kstu] p;udrkZ] lkekftd izs{kd] p;fur vkSj p;u ls oafpr lHkh fdlh Hkh izdkj ds ek;k&eksg ds cykr izos'k dh xqatkb'k ugha jg tkrhA rHkh og [kqn esa lHkh i{kksa ds ewY;kadu dh lokZf/kd izpfyr izfof/k Hkh lkfcr gks ldrh gSA vkt ls lkr lky igys yksdHkwfe NÙkhlx<+ dh jkt/kkuh jk;iqj esa tc iafMr c`tyky f}osnh Le`fr vf[ky Hkkjrh; lkfgfR;d i=kdkfjrk lEeku dk vadqj vkjksi.k gqvk Fkk rks bl lS)kafrdh ls izfrc)rk Hkh lkQ&lkQ dsUnz esa FkhA iqjLdkj p;u lfefr esa lcls de vk;q okys fdarq p;u /keZ dh uSfrdrk ifjikyu esa cjkcj Hkkxhnkj okys lHkh ofj"B lnL;ksa vkSj vk;kstu laLFkk ds izfr de ls de esjh vksj ls rks vkHkkj Hkh fd lcus feydj vkt rd ml izfrc)rk dks cjdjkj j[kk gSA bl izfrc)rk dh ekVh&ikuh ;fn lEeku dh tM+ksa esa ughas gksrk rks fganh

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

97 dh fo'kq) lkfgfR;d i=kdkfjrk ds js[kkadu esa bldh fo'oluh;rk vkSj izfr"Bk Hkh bl rjg dgka vftZr gksrhA oh.kk] nLrkost] vdlj] dFkkns'k] ln~Hkkouk niZ.k vkSj O;aX; ;k=kk ds p;u dh Lora=krk ds lkFk ns'k dk cgqopu Hkh foU;Lr ugha gksrkA ;fn eSa lcls igys vius ifjokj dks gh vkHkkj nsuk pkg jgk gwa rks bl vkHkkj ij vknj.kh; ';ke lqanj O;kl] fo'oukFk izlkn frokjh] gfjukjk;.k th] gsrq Hkkj}kt] fxjh'k iadt] izse tuest; vkSj vc fou; mik/;k; esjs ls lq;ksX; laikndksa ds lkFk&lkFk vki lcksa dh vkilh eqgj Hkh yxh gqbZ gSA eSa lp dgwa rks vkids lEeq[k cl ;gh dgus dh vkSdkr gS esjh fd ^oks vk;s gekjs ?kj esa [kqnk dh dqnjr gS] dHkh ge mudks] dHkh vius ?kj dks ns[krs gSaA* esjs lkFk tc vki bl ?kj dk flagkoyksdu djsaxs rks ik;saxs fd ehfM;k foe'kZ dh pkS[kVksa] njoktksa] f[kM+dh] dejksa] vkaxu] nkyku] Q'kZ vkSj Nr dk lkS"Bo vkSj oSHko gh ugha fn[ksxk] vkidks bl lqlaLd`r ?kj dk eqf[k;k HkkbZ lat; f}osnh Hkh fn[kkbZ nsxkA lat; th dk ftØ blfy;s Hkh ;gka csekuh ugha] fd mudh n`f"V vkSj l`f"V esa ehfM;k f'k{kk vkSj leh{kk dh tks uoksUes"kh ijaijk ehfM;k foe'kZ ds ek/;e ls lewps fganh vkSj fganhrj izns'kksa esa fodflr gks jgh gS] og vius fy;s ,d fuf"Ø; lEeku dk gdnkj D;ksa ugha gSA ehfM;k foe'kZ

dh ml lk/kqrk ij Hkh dqN dgs fcuk ugha jgk tkrk] tks dbZ;ksa ds ;gka [kjxks'k ds lhax dh rjg unkjn gSA Js; vkSj izse caVksjus ds reke gFkdaMs viukus ds vkfn gks pqds ehfM;k le; esa ;fn ;g lEeku fdlh fnO;&HkO; ehfM;k ilZu ds uke u fy[kdj fdlh ekSu lk/kd lkfgfR;d jpukdkj ds uke fy[kk tk jgk gS rks ;g fojks/kkHkkl ughaA lkfgfR;d i=k&if=kdkvksa dh Hkjekj esa tgka viuh&viuh J)k vkSj lqfo/kk dh fo/kkvksa] fopkjksa] ?kjkuksa] oknksa] izfroknksa] ?kkrksa] izfr?kkrksa] LFkkiuk vkSj foLFkkiukvksa dks ysdj cM+s&cM+s laiknd vkSj [kqn jpukdkj Hkh my>rs&lqy>rs jgus ds vkfn curs] cuk, tk, jgs gSa vkSj tgka dykvksa ds fy;s vR;Ur Lisl cp jgk gks] lkfgR; dsfUnzr if=kdk ^dyk le;* cjcl viuh vksj [khap&[khap ysrh gSA og vk'oLr djrh gS fd dykvksa ds izfr euq"; dh bPNk vkSj leh{kk dk Hkko vHkh Hkh bl lnu ij fof{kr ugha gqvk gSA ;g ugha fd;k tk ldrkA ;g cktkj vkSj oS'ohdj.k ds chp Hkkjrh; euq"; ds dykRed psruk dks cpk ys tkus ds xgjs ljksdkj ls drbZ de ughaA Jh fou; mik/;k; tSls dyk leh{kd&laiknd bl Ms<+ n'kdksa ds vius ri vkSj rki ls vius vkidks fl) djrs gSaA ;g dsoy dyk dh i=kdkfjrk ugha] dfoeuk fou; dh ckSf)d nqfu;k ds lkFk dyk dh lgdkfjrk Hkh

Hkksiky dk fo}r lekt% lEeku lekjksg esa Hkksiky ds cqf)thoh oxZ dh mifLFkfr us lekjksg dks xfjeke; cuk fn;kA izFke iafDr esa mifLFkr loZJh egsanz xxu] e/kqdj f}osnh] fot; cgknqj flag] jes'k nos ,oa Jh ujsUnz tSuA

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

98 gSA bl :i esa vuqie vkSj vuqdj.kh; lk/kuk Hkh gSA bruk gh ugha fou; mik/;k; dk drkZ fØ;k;ke ugha gSA os yxHkx laiw.kZ mÙkj Hkkjr esa ,sls vuwBs 'kCn lk/kd gSa tks dyk psruk dh i=kdkfjrk djrs gaSA ^dyk le;* vkSj ^jax laokn* ds laiknu ls vkxs mudh fjiksfVZax vkSj leh{kk ls ;g Lo;a vfHkizekf.kr gSA fou; th esa lqfu;ksftr rkSj ij v'kq) dh tk jgh fganh dh 'kkL=kh; okfpdrk vkSj ml okfpdrk ds lkSUn;Z dks Hkh cpkus dh ftn ftl rjg gS] og yxkrkj de gksrh tk jgh gSA fu.kZ; lfefr ;kuh fo'oukFk lpnso] jes'k uS;j] MkW- lfPpnkuan tks'kh] MkW- lqHknzk jkBkSj vkSj eSa ¼t;izdk'k ekul½ iafMr c`tyky f}osnh vf[ky Hkkjrh; lkfgfR;d i=kdkfjrk lEeku& 2015 gsrq ,der ls fou; mik/;k; dh vuq'kalk djrs le; [kqn dks Hkh cgqr izlUu ik jgs FksA vHkh /kU;okn lHkklnksa dk] [kklrkSj ls HkkbZ lat; f}osnh vkSj ehfM;k foe'kZ ifjokj dk ,sls lqUnj {k.k gekjs fy;s foxr dbZ o"kkZsa ls miyC/k djk jgs gSaA

Hkk"kk vkSj thou 'kSyh ij Hkh dkjiksjsV dh cqjh utj% rsftUnj esjs fy;s lpeqp ;g cgqr lq[kn {k.k gS fd ftl Hkksiky 'kgj esa tgka eSaus dye idM+uk lh[kk] tgka eSaus fy[kuk yxHkx vkjaHk fd;k] iwjh xaHkhjrk ds lkFk vkt eSa ;gka vkids lkeus bl rjg eq[kkfrc gks jgk gwaA viuh ckr vkjaHk djus ls igys eSa Jh fou; mik/;k; dks bl ckr dh c/kkbZ nsuk pkgrk gwa fd mUgsa bl iqjLdkj ds fy;s mfpr gh p;fur fd;k x;k gSA os bl iqjLdkj ds gdnkj Fks vkSj gdnkj gSaA blds lkFk gh tks vk;kstd gSa Jh lat; f}osnh vkSj ehfM;k foe'kZ dk ifjokj] buds tks yksx gSa] budh tks Vhe gS] ;s tks bl rjg ds vk;kstu djrh gS] budk ,d cM+k egRo gSA fe=kksa ;s ckr ckj&ckj dguk fd ge yksx cgqr dfBu le; esa th jgs gSa ;s ,d O;kid lp gSA blls eq>s yxrk gS fd ckj&ckj bl ckr dks ;kn j[kuk pkfg;s fd ge ,d csgn dfBu le; esa th jgs gSaA esjk ifjp; nsrs gq, dkykgkaMh dk ftØ fd;k x;kA eq>s mlls ,d ckr ;kn vkbZ fd ukxiqj ls lejiqj esjk LFkkukarj.k gqvk FkkA paMhx<+ eas vius ,d fe=k dks eSaus VsyhQksu djds crk;k fd esjk LFkkukarj.k if'pe lejiqj esa gks x;k gSA ehfM;k esa dke djus okys ml fe=k us dgk ;s lejiqj fd/kj gSA eSaus mldks crk;k fd rqeus dkyk gkaMh dk uke lquk gksxkA mlus dgk gka] ogh dkykgkaMh u tgka yksx dhMs+&edksM+s [kkrs gSaA eSaus dgk fd gka] ;s ogh dkykgkaMh gSA bl ij mlus dgk fd ;kj ;g cgqr vPNk gqvkA rqe ,slk

djuk ogka igqaprs gh dqN 'kkV~Zl ysdj esjs ikl igqapk nsukA esjs dke vk tk,axsA eSa vdlj crkrk gwa fd dbZ lky gks x;s ysfdu mldh ckr eSa vkt rd ugha Hkw y ikrkA laosnughurk ds ,d ,sls nkSj eas ge th jgs gSa tgka fd flQZ dqN 'kkVZ~l gekjs fy;s dherh cps gSaA Hkw[k ls tw>rs gq, O;fDr dh dksbZ dher gekjs tsgu esa ugha gSA ;s ckr eSa i=kdkfjrk ds lanHkZ esa dg jgk gwaA eSaus tks mnkgj.k fn;k] t:jh ugha fd lkjs yksx oSls gksaA ysfdu eSa tc Hkh fnYyh] paMhx<+ ;k psUubZ ;k vius fganh izns'kksa esa Hkh utj Mkyrk gwa rks ,slk yxrk gS fd tSls Hkw[k ;k rks gekjs fy, dksbZ leL;k gh ugha gS ;k fQj Hkw[k dh leL;k dk gekjs fy, dksbZ vFkZ gh ugha gSA ;k fQj dgha Hkw[k cph gh ughaA tcfd lp ckr ;g gS fd vLlh izfr'kr ls vf/kd yksx vkt Hkh nks twu dh jksVh ds fy;s dM+k la?k"kZ djrs gSaA rc Hkh mudks ;g jksVh miyC/k gks ikrh gS ;k ugha] bl ckr dh dksbZ vk'ofLr ughaA vki vuqeku yxkb;s ,d ,sls vkfnoklh {ks=k ;k nwljs {ks=k esa tgka rqvj dh nky ds lkS nkus ikap #i;s ds fglkc ls iSdsV esa feyrs gksa] D;k [kkrs gksaxs ogka ds yksxA D;k igurs gksaxs os yksx\ D;k lk/ku gksaxs muds ikl\ vki vxj vaxzsth ehfM;k dk dksbZ Hkh pSuy ns[ksa rks vkidks yxsxk fd bl ns'k dh lcls cM+h leL;kvksa esa Hkw[k vkSj xjhch rks gS gh ughaA ogka vxj gS rks QS'ku ijLrh gS] ogka vxj gS rks fØdsV gSA ogka vxj gS rks ckWyhoqM gSA mudh tks fpark,a gSa oks lekt dh cgqr T;knk gqvk rks nl ianzg izfr'kr yksxksa dh fpark,a gSa] ftuds vk/kkj ij yksx brus cM+s&cM+s pSuy pykrs gSaA ,sls esa tc ehfM;k foe'kZ uke dh fganh if=kdk dh vksj ls vkea=k.k feyrk gS fd dyk ij dsfUnzr ,d if=kdk ds laiknd dks lEekfur djuk gS rks esjs fy;s mlls cM+k jks'kuh dk fpjkx vkSj dksbZ ugha gksxkA D;ksafd ;s ckr cgqr vPNh yxrh gSA fou; th ls esjk ifjp; vkt dk ugha gSA cgqr iqjkuk gSA eSa vkt dh gh ckr dj jgk gwaA eq>s vPNk yxkA esjs ,d fe=k gSa Hkksiky esa] Jh cuthZA eSa muls feyus ds fy;s x;k vkSj ckr&ckr esa eSaus mUgsa crk;k fd Jh fou; mik/;k; dks vkt iqjLdkj nsuk gSA oks nksuksa ifr&iRuh bl dnj izlUu gq, fd tSls muds ?kj ds fdlh cPps dks ;s iqjLdkj fn;k tk jgk gksA ;s tks vglkl gS] ;g vglkl vius

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

{ks=k esa] 'kgj esa iSnk djuk cgqr cM+h ckr gS] tks fd fou; mik/;k; us fd;k gSA njvly dykvksa ij tksf[ke gj rjQ ls gSA 'kCn dh lÙkk ij lcls cM+k [krjk Bhd ml le; gS] tc ge gkf'k;ksa ij thou th jgs gSaA orZeku le; esa vkidks yxrk gS fd ntZuksa&lSdM+ksa iqLrdsa vk jgh gSaA eq>s yxrk gS fd gj 'kgj ls fganh ds gj dfo vkSj ys[kd dh dksbZ u dksbZ iqLrd vk jgh gSA mlds ckn eq>dks ;g dguk [kjkc yxrk gS fd esjh Hkh vk jgh gSA vki dSls dgsaxs ;s ckrA fdrkcsa vk jgh gSa] vki d`i;k ;g u lkspsa fd eSa udkjkRed fdLe dh ckr dg jgk gwaA eSa ldkjkRed fLFkfr dh ckr gh dg jgk gwa fd bruh iqLrdsa vkus ds ckotwn 'kCn dh lÙkk ij [krjk cjdjkj gSA pwafd izdk'kdkas us] iwathifr;ksa us vius&vius rjhds btkn dj fy;s gSaA tc dEI;wVj ;qx ugha Fkk rc fdlh iqLrd dk izFke laLdj.k 1100 izfr;ksa dk Nirk FkkA vc 300 izfr;ksa dk izFke laLdj.k Nirk gSA iqLrd dk f}rh; laLdj.k Nirk Fkk rks ys[kd dks irk gksrk FkkA vc ys[kd dks pkSFks laLdj.k dk Hkh irk ugha gksrkA izdk'kdksa us ek;ktky jp j[kk gS] ftlesa e/;oxhZ; ys[kd yxkrkj /kalrk&Qalrk pyk tk jgk gSA izdk'kd mldh

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

laosnukvksa dk yxHkx O;kikj dj jgs gSaA gekjs vkSj fou; mik/;k; tSls vkSj Hkh ,sls yksx gSa] tks ml O;kikj dk fgLlk ugha cus gSaA muds ikl dksbZ vkSj fodYi ugha gSA D;k djsaA ,sls esa] eSa nqckjk dgrk gwa fd ehfM;k foe'kZ tSlh if=kdk dh viuh ,d vge Hkwfedk gS] ftldks fd HkkbZ lat; f}osnh fuHkk jgs gSaA ;g ,d fopkj'kwU;rk esa thus dk le; Hkh gSA vki nsf[k;s vkt lkfgR; dh if=kdkvksa ds eqdkcys QS'ku dh if=kdkvksa dh la[;k dgha T;knk gSA vkt lkfgfR;d if=kdkvksa ds eqdkcys [kkuk idkus dh fof/k;ka fl[kkus dh if=kdk dgha T;knk gSaA mUgksaus gekjs 'kCn pqjk fy;sA dkikZsjsV us gekjs 'kCn dSls pqjk,\ dkikZsjsV gekjs 'kCn bl rjg ls pqjkrk gS fd djksM+ifr;ksa ds twrs cspus dh nqdku gS] mldk oks uke j[krs gSa eksphA diM+s cspus dh dkikZsjsV nqdkuksa dk uke gS tqykgkA bu nqdkuksa esa iwathifr] dkWVu dh nl&nl gtkj dh ,d deht csp jgs gSaA tcfd dkWVu iSnk djus okyk fdlku Hkw[k ls vkRegR;k dj jgk gSA bl rjg ls ge ns[k jgs gSa fd gekjh Hkk"kk ij mudk vf/kdkj gks x;kA gekjs 'kCnksa ij mudk vf/kdkj gks x;kA gekjh thou 'kSyh ij mudk vf/kdkj gks x;kA gekjs ?kjksa esa Mªkbax :e esa

100 mudk vf/kdkj gks x;kA gekjs jlkbZ?kj ij mudk vf/kdkj gks x;kA gesa latho diwj crkrs gSa fd vkidks D;k cukuk gS] vc gesa ;g gekjh nknh ;k ukuh ugha crkrhA bu fo"ke ifjLFkfr;ksa esa ge th jgs gSa vkSj bu fo"ke ifjLFkfr;ksa ls tw>us dk ;gh rjhdk gS fd ge lc rjg ds vk;kstuksa esa ,d gksa vkSj ,d Loj esa viuh ckr dgsaA ,sls yksxksa dk lEeku djsa tks fd vkt ds bl nkSj esa l`tukRed dykvksa ij ckr dj jgs gSaA

;s vkidh nqvkvksa dk vlj gS% fou; mik/;k; dqN dgus ls igys vpkud esjs tsgu esa dqN iafDr;ka nkSM+ jgh gSaA j¶rk&j¶rk esjh pkysa] eafty vkxs c<+ r h vkrh gS ] pqids&pqids esjs fy, vki nqvk,a djrs gSaA ;s nqvkvksa dk vlj gksrk gS] tc vpkud ,d fnu miyfC/k;ka vkids

thou dk fgLlk cu tk;k djrh gSaA ,slk gh dqN vkt ehfM;k foe'kZ }kjk vk;ksftr ia- c`tyky f}osnh vf[ky Hkkjrh; lkfgfR;d i=kdkfjrk lEeku ls tc eq>s vyad`r fd;k tk jgk gS] ;s Hkkokdwyrk vanj meM+uk cgqr gh LokHkkfod gSA eap ij vHkh&vHkh rsftUnj th us f'kjdr dhA ek[kuyky prqoZsnh jk"Vªh; i=kdkfjrk ,oa lapkj fo'ofo|ky; ds dqyifr egksn; vknj.kh; dqfB;kyk lkgc] vknj.kh; iky lkgc ftudh vken vpkud gqbZ ysfdu fuf'pr :i ls mÙkjizns'k dk izfrfuf/kRo mUgkssaus ;gka fd;k gS] ftldh ,d Lo;a gh lkfgfR;d lkaLd`frd fojklr jgh gSA bl ukrs eSa ekurk gwa fd gekjs iM+kslh izns'k dk ftl izdkj ls gekjs dk;ZØe esa okl gqvk gS] mudk LokxrA fxjh'k HkkbZ th] t;izdk'k ekul] ;s oks yksx gSa ftUgksaus gekjs gj mBrs gq, dne dh vkgV dks lquk gS] ns[kk gSA Hkksiky esa tc 1985&86 esa eSa vius 'kgj dh ljgn yka?k dj vk;k] rc ftu yksxksa dk lax&lkFk] ftu yksxksa dk izksRlkgu] ftUgksaus ckdk;nk gekjh fu".kkr djoVksa ds lkFk lax&lkFk cuk;s j[kk] vk'khokZn cuk;s j[kkA eq>s ;kn gS fd tc tuojh] 1998 olar iapeh ds fnu geus dyk le; dk yksdkiZ.k

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

101 fd;k Fkk] rc johUnz Hkou ds [kpk[kp Hkjs lHkkxkj esa vknj.kh; ih-lh- ikBd ekStwn FksA esjs ifjokj ds vius yksx tks vkt eq>s ;gka ij bl rjg ls lEekfur gksrs ns[k jgs gSaA muds fy;s rks D;k ;g esjs fy;s Hkh cgqr lkSHkkX; dk {k.k gSA tc esjh cgu] ftlus eq>s ;gka i=kdkfjrk djrs gq, reke ladVksa ds ml nkSj ls ns[kk vkSj vkt og eq>s ;gka lEekfur gksrs ns[k jgh gS rks eSa le> ldrk gwa fd mlds Hkhrj esjs izfr D;k Hkkouk gSA cgjgky] eSa Hkkoqdrk ds bl pj.k dks ;gka jksdrk gwaA njvly] eSa ml xkao ls fj'rk j[krk gwa ftl xkao us in~eJh jkeukjk;.k mik/;k; fn;sA [kaMok ds ikl fLFkr ,d xkao dkyeq[kh tgka ij eSaus tUe fy;kA fdrkc dh] v{kj Kku dh igyh jkS'kuh vxj ml tehu ij mrjh Fkh rks og iafMr jkeukjk;.k mik/;k; dh otg ls mrjh FkhA ftUgksaus yksd laLd`fr ds {ks=k esa og dke fd;k fd mUgsa Hkkjr ds lokZsPp in~e vyadj.k ls foHkwf"kr fd;k x;kA eSa xkao ls i<+kbZ&fy[kkbZ ds fy;s [kaMok vk;k FkkA [kaMok og 'kgj gS] ftlus lkfgfR;d i=kdkfjrk dk iqjks/kk fn;kA ia- ek[kuyky prqoZsnh vkSj deZohj dk ,d cgqr vPNk fj'rk [kaMok ds uke ls tqM+k gSA o"kZ 1985&86 esa viuh f'k{kk iwjh djus ds ckn eSa Hkksiky vk;k] rc Hkksiky lkaLd`frd jkt/kkuh ds :i esa izfr"Bk ik pqdk FkkA [kaMok esa ;g lkspuk cgqr eqf'dy Fkk fd esjh ftanxh dh fn'kk;sa D;k gksaxh] dke djus ds fy;sA ysfdu] ,slk dgrs gSa fd cgqr igys gh gekjk izkjC/k vkSj gekjs Hkfo"; dh dqN phtksa dh bckjrsa fy[kh tk pqdh gksrh gSaA [kaMok eas ,d lkaLd`frd] lkfgfR;d okrkoj.k ml nkSjku Fkk] tgka ij vkt ds vkyk ntZs ds reke dykdkj f'kjdr djus vk;k djrs Fks] ftUgsa Hkksiky esa eSaus i=kdkfjrk djrs gq, djhc ls ns[kk gSA ysfdu] rc eSa mUgsa vcks/k n'kZd ds :i esa ns[krk FkkA lksuy eku flag] jktk jke jsìh] fcjtw egkjkt] dkerk izlkn ;s reke oks dykdkj Fks tks [kaMok olarksRlo eas vk;k djrs FksA [kaMok dk dqphiqM+h mRlo Hkkjrh; Lrj dk ,d ,slk lkaLd`frd eap Fkk] tgka ij reke cM+s lkfgR;dkj O;k[;ku ds fy;s vkSj dfo lEesyu ds fy;s vk;k djrs FksA rc dfo lEesyuksa dh gekjh ,d cgqr vPNh ikou ijEijk gqvk djrh FkhA rc mudks jkr&jkr Hkj tkxdj] lqudj tks Hkhrj vpkud 'kCn ds izfr] Hkk"kk ds izfr] lkfgR; ds izfr izse tkxk] bu reke fojklr dks ysdj eSa Hkksiky vk;kA Hkksiky esa eSaus igys lkfgfR;d i=kdkfjrk dk Kku izkIr fd;k] izHkkdj Jksf=k; lsA e/;izns'k jk"VªHkk"kk izpkj lfefr mu fnuksa v{kjk if=kdk fudkyk djrh FkhA vHkh Hkh og dk;e gSA izHkkdj Jksf=k; mlds laiknd FksA mUgksaus eq>s if=kdk ds laiknd eaMy esa

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

vius lgk;d ds :i easa j[kkA rc eSaus ns[kk fd lkfgfR;d i=kdkfjrk ftu ewY;ksa ds fy;s dke dj jgh gS] ftu laosnukvksa ds fy;s dke dj jgh gS vkSj i=kdkfjrk] fganh i=kdkfjrk ds cnyrs ifjn`'; eas ftl rjg ls v{kjk tSlh if=kdk e/;izns'k ls fudyrh Fkh] reke vk'kadkvksa vkSj fo'oklksa vkSj vkLFkkvksa ds chp ftl vkLFkk dk jksi.k dj jgh Fkh] rc eSaus ns[kk fd njvly lkfgfR;d i=kdkfjrk gksrh D;k gS\ yxHkx nks o"kZ rd izHkkdj Jksf=k; ds lkFk dke fd;kA mUgksaus eq>s dgk fd Hkksiky ,d ,slk 'kgj gS tgka ij lkfgR; vkSj laLd`fr dh ygjsa cjkcj mBrh fn[krh gSaA Hkkjr Hkou LFkkfir gks pqdk FkkA ogka ij ,d vPNs le>nkj vkSj mRlkfgr O;fDr dh t:jr gS rc nSfud HkkLdj esa eSaus i=kdkfjrk 'kq: dh FkhA ,d izlax eSa vkils t:j bl ekSds ij lk>k djuk pkgrk gwaA eq>s rc mlh v[kckj ds ,d ofj"B i=kdkj us dgk fd rcys&lkjax ij rqedks yxrk gS fd dksbZ Hkfo"; gSA ns[kks rqe NksM+ nks] dy ls uxj fuxe dh chV lEHkkyks vkSj 'kgj ds ckdh eqíksa ij dke djuk 'kq: dj nksA eSaus dgk] lj eSa blh ds fy;s vk;k Fkk vkSj ugha gqvk rks eSa v[kckj cny nwaxkA rc MkW- xksiukFk ckyw jljax ns[k jgs FksA tc ;g fpark eSaus muds lkFk lk>k dh] rks mUgksaus eq>ls dgk fd rqeus tks jkLrk r; fd;k gS ml ij dk;e jguk pkfg,A rHkh mUgksaus eq>ls dgk fd eSa rqEgsa jljax esa j[krk gwaA rc eSaus muds lkFk jljax if=kdk esa dke djuk 'kq: fd;kA ysfdu] rHkh dqN eghuksa ckn ftu yksxksa us ;g fVIi.kh dh Fkh] mUgha yksxksa us okil eq>ls dgk fd fnuHkj ;g dke djus ds ckn 'kke dks gekjs ;gka tks ukVd] dk;ZØe gksrs gSa budh fjiksfVZax vki fd;k djksA rc 'kke dks Hkkjr Hkou] johUnz Hkou] ekul Hkou] fganh Hkou ;gka gksus okyh reke xfrfof/k;ksa dh eSa fjiksfVZax djrk FkkA ogka vkus okyh foHkwfr;ksa ds lk{kkRdkj djrk FkkA yxHkx 5&6 cjl eSaus ogka dke fd;k vkSj mlds ckn eSa ubZnqfu;k tSls fganh ds izfrf"Br v[kckj esa x;kA ubZnqfu;k esa yxkrkj tc eSaus dke djuk 'kq: fd;k rc mUgha nSfud HkkLdj ds ml ofj"B i=kdkj dh fpëh esjs ikl vkrh gSA og fpëh vkt Hkh esjs ikl egQwt gSA ftlesa mUgksaus fy[kk gS fd ftu fl)karksa ds lkFk rqeus i=kdkfjrk dh] mlesa rqEgkjs uke vkSj dke dks ns[kdj eq>s cgqr g"kZ vkSj xoZ dk vuqHko gksrk gSA ;g njvly esjh yM+kbZ dh igyh fot; Fkh] ftlesa eq>s ckdk;nk vius jkLrs ij dk;e j[kus ds fy;s eukscy iznku fd;k FkkA ubZnqfu;k dh viuh ijaijk,a FkhA ubZnqfu;k esa eq>s iwjh Lok;Ùkrk feyh dke djus dhA ubZnqfu;k esa tc viuh fjiksfVZax fd;k djrk Fkk] rc ubZnqfu;k ckdk;nk bl ckr dk [;ky j[krk

102

Fkk fd ;fn tkfdj gqlSu rcyk oknu djus ds fy;s vk,a rks mlds fy;s igys ist dh iêh dh txg rS;kj gqvk djrh FkhA egk'osrk nsoh vkbZa rks nks ist dk ifjf'k"V eSaus ml le; fudkykA Hkkjr jRu Hkhelsu tks'kh dk vxj Hkksiky esa vkxeu gks jgk gS rks og ekewyh ?kVuk ugha gSA rc ge ifjf'k"V fudkyrs FksA tc jtk Hkksiky vkrs gSa rks ge jtk ds Lokxr esa iwjk i`"B ltkdj fudkyrs FksA cM+s&cMs+ lkfgfR;d vkSj laLd`fr ds vyadj.k lekjksg dks ge fuf'pr :i ls ,d ;k nks i`"B esa fudkyrs FksA njvly] eSa ;g crkuk pkg jgk gwa fd ;s oks oDr Fkk tc lkfgR; vkSj laLd`fr dks gekjs nSfud i=kksa esa lEeku izkIr gksrk FkkA ysfdu vkt Qslcqd ij esjs fe=k foosd lkojhdj ^e`nqy* us fVIi.kh fy[kh gSA mUgksaus fy[kk fd ;s oks oDr Fkk tc eSaus nSfud i=kdkfjrk dks NksM+kA yxHkx ikap Ng cjl iqjkuh ckr gSA mlus ckdk;nk Bhd bl ckr dh tkap dhA ;s oks le; Fkk tc v[kckjksa ls laiknd uke dh laLFkk gkf'k;s ij tk jgh FkhA oks reke iwathifr ftuds ikl vkt ehfM;k vkdj fleV x;k] lkjh 'kfDr;ka muds ikl vkdj fleV xbZ gSa] muds fy;s lkfgR; vkSj laLd`fr ds fy;s] ekQ dhft;s vc

dksbZ vkxzg ugha cpk gSA eSa vkt iwjs fo'okl ds lkFk dg ldrk gwa fd iwjs Hkkjro"kZ esa lkfgR; vkSj laLd`fr dh tks NksVh&e>ksyh if=kdk,a fudy jgh gSa ;gh njvly vkt gekjs ml fo'okl dks gekjs ml thou dh laosnukvksa dks] gekjs ml iksVZQksfy;ks dks cpk;s j[ks gSaA ;gh NksVh if=kdk;sa vkt Hkh gekjk Hkjkslk cuk, gq, gSaA eSa Hkkjr dh egku lkaLd`frd i=kdkfjrk vkSj ml i=kdkfjrk ds lkFk tqM+s reke yksxksa dks iz.kke djrk gwaA eSa ml fu.kkZ;d lfefr dks Hkh viuk vkHkkj izdV djrk gwa ftUgksaus ckdk;nk gekjs dke dks] gekjh vkgVksa dks fpfUgr fd;k] igpku ds :i esa ns[kk] HkkbZ t;izdk'k ekul us ftu 'kCnksa esa js[kkadu fd;k gS esjs dke dk vkSj vkneh mrus dn dk gS ;k ugha] ysfdu eSa ;g ekurk gwa fd vkt ;s laokn esjh dke;kch ij fdruk gS eq>s ugha ekywe ysfdu esjh dksf'k'kksa dk ;g lEeku t:j gSA ;s dksf'k'ksa eSa cnLrwj tkjh j[kwaxkA vc eq>s fofn'kk ds vius ,d 'kk;j dh dfork dh nks iafDr;ka ;kn vk jgh gSa fd ;s lkspuk xyr Fkk fd ge ij utj ughaA e'k#e cgqr gSa tekus esa exj cs[kcj ughaA

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

103 ehfM;k esa lkfgR; dks feys txg% dey Hkqous'k lkfgfR;d i=kdkfjrk ls esjk cgqr T;knk tqM+ko ugha jgk gSA ysfdu] eSa crkuk pkgwaxk fd fnueku] /keZ;qx vkSj lkfjdk ds dbZ iqjkus vad esjs ikl vkt Hkh gSa vkSj eSa mUgsa i<+rk jgrk gwaA lks'ky ehfM;k tSls u, ek/;e ij Hkh tks lkfgR; fy[kk tk jgk gS] mls Hkh eSa i<+ jgk gwaA ysfdu] lkfgR; fy[kus eas esjh #fp ugha jgh gSA izksQslj uanyky [kYyk us vius i=k esa fy[kk Fkk fd ßi=kdkj dks lqdjkr dh Hkkafr lR;kUos'kh] dchj dh rjg vD[kM+&QDdM+] eLrekSyk] Li"VoDrk] rqylhnkl dh rjg yksd eaxy dk leFkZd] lwj tSlk yksdkuqjatu] Lokeh n;kuan dh Hkkafr rkfdZd gksuk pkfg,A og bruk l{ke gks fd Hkz"Vkpkj ds pØO;wg ls vkrafdr u gksA og vuSfrdrk] vjktdrk] vO;oLFkk dks lw{e psruk dk ioulqr cudj ijkLr dj ldsAÞ fganqLrku dh i=kdkfjrk esa lekpkj dks izksMDV cukdj cspus dh tks izo`fRr vk jgh gS] mlus lekt dk uqdlku fd;k gSA esjh ,d vknr Fkh fd jkr esa Hkh uhan [kqyus ij eSa Vhoh pkywdj [kcjsa ns[kk djrk FkkA oks vknr eSaus fiNys dbZ lky ls can dj nh gSA gqvk ;wa] ,d fnu eSa mBk vkSj ns[kk fd U;wt pSuy ij [kcj vk jgh Fkh fd fizal [kìs esa fxj x;kA lcls igys esjs eu esa /;ku vk;k fd fczVsu ds fizal fofy;El ds lkFk ,slh ?kVuk dSls ?kV xbZA 15&20 feuV eSa ml [kcj dks ns[krk jgk rks irk pyk fd dksbZ cPpk ;gha Hkkjr esa fdlh [kìs fxj x;k FkkA lqcg mBdj ns[kk fd Ng cts Hkh ogh [kcj] fnu esa ns[kk rks ogh [kcj] nks fnu rd ml [kcj dks bruk pyk;k fd mlds ckn esjk de ls de bysDVªkWfud ek/;e ls rks eksg Hkax gks x;kA bysDVªksfud ehfM;k esa lkfgR;] laLd`fr] f'k{kk vkSj nwljh ljksdkjh [kcjksa ds fy, txg ugha gSA eSaus lkspk fd lcls igys Vhoh dh [kcjsa ns[kuk can djks vkSj lkfgR; okil i<+uk 'kq: djksA nwljh ?kVuk gS] vHkh gky esa vesfjdk ds jk"Vªifr vksckek Hkkjr vk,A fganh ds T;knkrj pSuYl us [kcj fn[kk jgs Fks fd mudh lqj{kk ds fy;s tks nks dqÙks vk;s gSa] os lqj{kk dh n`f"V ls fdrus ikjaxr gaSA tcfd gksuk ;s pkfg, Fkk fd vesfjdk ds lkFk gekjs lEcU/k dSls vPNs gksaxs\ igys ge :l ds fudV Fks vkSj vc ge vesfjdk ds fudV gSaA bldk

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

D;k vlj gksxk\ vesfjdh jk"Vªifr dk Hkkjr ds x.kra=k fnol tSls dk;ZØe esa 'kkfey gksuk crkrk gS fd ,f'k;k iz'kkar esa Hkkjr dh fLFkfr vkSj nenkj gks jgh gSA gekjs iM+kslh ns'kksa ds vykok tgka Hkh gekjs iz/kkuea=kh x;s] tkiku x;s] vkLVªsfy;k x;s] vesfjdk x;s] ogka ds jk"Vªifr vk;s] rks gekjs muls etcwr laca/k cu jgs gSaA Hkkjr vkus okys le; esa vkfFkZd vkSj jktuhfrd egklÙkk cu ldrk gSA tc vesfjdk ds jk"Vªifr us [kqn ;s dgk fd la;qDr jk"Vª la?k ds vanj Hkkjr dh lhV curh gSA tc fo'o ehfM;k geas ns[k jgk Fkk] rc gekjk ehfM;k ckr dj jgk Fkk dqÙkksa dhA tcfd crkuk pkfg, Fkk fd Hkkjr dh nqfu;k esa D;k fLFkfr cu jgh gSA eSa dbZ Vhoh pSuy okyksa ls ;s iwNrk gwa rks os dgrs gSa fd yksx ,slk ns[kuk pkgrs gSaA blfy, ge fn[kkrs gSaA eSaus dgk ugha vki tks ijksl jgs gSa yksx mls ns[k jgs gSaA vHkh gks ldrk gS fd yksx bl ij viuh izfrfØ;k ugha ns ik jgs gSaA ysfdu] vkus okys le; esa ;g lc ugha py ldsxkA ,d nwljh vkSj ?kVuk gS] tc ikfdLrkuh vkradoknh vtey dlkc dks idM+k x;k Fkk] ge fl) ugha dj ik jgs Fks fd oks ikfdLrkuh ukxfjd gSA rc Hkkjr ds fdlh Hkh fgUnh&vaxzsth pSuy] v[kckj vkSj osclkbV us Hkh [kkst ugha dh fd dlkc dkSu gS\ ysfdu] ikfdLrku ds gh pSuy ft;ks Vhoh ds fjiksVZj ewlk [kku us viuh tku ij [ksydj crk fn;k fd vtey dlkc ikfdLrku ls Hkkjr x;k FkkA blds ckn Hkkjr us fo'o eap ij nenkjh ls ;g ckr j[kh fd vtey dlkc ikfdLrku dk FkkA gekjs pSuy dgrs gSa fd gesa czkWMdkfLVax ykxr cgqr T;knk vkrh gSA ysfdu] gdhdr ;g gS fd ;s fcuk fdlh fjlpZ vkSj esgur fd, flQZ Qkyrw dh [kcjksa dks fn[kk;saxsA 'kkg:[k [kku dks Nhad vk xbZ rks D;ksa vk xbZ\ buds ikl VsDuhdy Kku rks gS ysfdu mís'; lkQ ugha gS fd tkuk dgka gS\ ,d mnkgj.k lkfgfR;d i=kdkfjrk crkrk gwa fd dSls igys ds i=kdkj lkfgR; dk mi;ksx viuh [kcjksa esa djrs FksA ia- izrki ukjk;.k feJ us czkã.k if=kdk fudkyh FkhA ,d [kcj esa os fy[krs gSa fd ß?kj dh esgfj;k dgk ugha ekurh gS] pys gSa nqfu;k Hkj dks mins'k nsusA ?kj esa ,d xk; ugha laHkkyh tkrh] xkSjf{k.kh lHkk LFkkfir djsaxsA ,d lwV ns'kh diM+s dk ugha gS] ij cus gSa ns'k fgrS"khAÞ ;s ml le; dh Hkk"kk 'kSyh Fkh] ysfdu vkt geus viuh Hkk"kkvkas dk gzkl fd;k gSA mUgsa uhps dh vksj ysdj x;s gSaA /keZohj Hkkjrh us tc /keZ;qx lEHkkyk Fkk rc mldh izlkj la[;k Fkh] 60 gtkj izfr;kaA 1980 vkrs&vkrs mldh izlkj la[;k c<+dj rhu yk[k izfr;ka gks xbZA ysfdu] VkbEl vkWQ bafM;k ds u;s ekfyd us lcls igys /keZ;qx] lkfjdk] ijkx tSlh lc if=kdkvksa dks can dj

104

fn;kA dgk fd ;s fcd ugha ldrhaA D;ksa ugha fcd ldrha\ 60 gtkj ls rhu yk[k izlkj la[;k D;k ,sls gh gks xbZ Fkh\ njvly] ekfyd us v[kckjksa dks mRikn cukus dh dksf'k'k 'kq: dj nh FkhA mUgksaus dgk fd v[kckjksa esa vc gesa laiknd pkfg, ugha] gesa rks izksMDV eSustj pkfg, tks flQZ mRikn cuk dj ns ldrk gS vkSj mls csp ldrk gSA muds fy;s rks cfu;s dh nqdku ij rjktw ysdj cSBus eas phuh cspks] pkgs v[kckj cspks] nksuksa cjkcj gSA lkfgfR;d i=kdkfjrk ds fcuk] ge ;s eku ysa fd tks vkxs vkus okyh ih<+h gS og Hkz"V gksxhA D;ksafd lkfgR; ,d ubZ fn'kk iznku djrk gSA lkfgR; ugha gksxk rks ge viuh vkus okyh ih<+h dks D;k nsaxs\ gekjs ikl VsDuksykWth cgqr gksxh] ysfdu ge dqN ugha dj ik,axsA blfy;s esjk ,slk ekuuk gS fd ljdkj dks lkfgfR;d i=kdkfjrk dk laj{k.k djuk pkfg,A lkekU; v[kckjksa dks ftl rjg ls foKkiu fn;s tkrs gSa] mUgsa dbZ rjg dh NwV nh tkrh gS] mUgsa VsDuksykWth vk;kr djus ds fy;s tks iSlk fn;k tkrk gS] mUgas lfClMh nh tkrh gS] mUgsa VSDl esa NwV nh tkrh gSA ;s lkfgfR;d if=kdkvksa dks Hkh nsaA D;ksafd fcuk lkfgR; ds dkQh uqdlku gksxkA ;gka ij ,d ckr vkSj dguk pkgwaxk fd lkfgfR;d if=kdk fdlh ,d ek;us ij gh

fudyrh gSA tSls nfyr if=kdk gS rks mlesa flQZ oSls gh eqn~ns gksaxsA tcfd mls lexzrk dks lesVdj ikBdksa ds lkeus vkuk pkfg,A lc fo"k;ksa dk lekos'k if=kdk esa gksuk pkfg,A v[kckjksa esa igys lkfgfR;d fo'ks"kkad cgqr vkrs FksA izfrf"Br lekpkj i=k lans'k ds lIyhesaV T;knkrj lkfgR; ds gksrs Fks] lc can gks x;sA ikBdksa dks blds fy, laikndksa dks i=k fy[kus pkfg,A ekfydksa ls ckr djuk pkfg, vkSj ;s lc gksxk rks mlls lekt dk Hkyk gksxkA lcls cM+h ckr gS fd ge lkfgfR;d i=kdkfjrk dks ftank j[k lds rks ns'k dh vkSj ubZ ih<+h dh lsok gksxhA

fou; ds p;u ls [kq'kh gqbZ% fxjh'k iadt fou; mik/;k; vkSj ge yksx o"kkZsa ls lkfgfR;d i=kdkfjrk esa lkFk&lkFk fy[krs gSa] u dsoy Hkkjr esa] cfYd fons'kksa esa Hkh ,d lkFk r; djds cgqr dqN ckrsa dh gSaA tc fou; mik/;k; dks ;gka lEekfur fd;k x;k] eq>s cgqr [kq'kh gqbZA eSaus dgk HkkbZ dk dke cksyrk gSA eSa Hkh ,d if=kdk cgqr igys ls fudky jgk gwa] ln~Hkkouk niZ.kA ,d teh&tekbZ ukSdjh NksM+ djds] HkkLdj dk flVh phQ gksus ds ckn tks eksg Hkax gqvk rks eSaus

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

105 lkfgfR;d i=kdkfjrk 'kq: dhA ;g cM+k dfBu dke FkkA ys f du] fou; mik/;k; dh rkjhQ esa dguk pkgrk gwa fd budh if=kdk ^dyk le;* dk ys&vkmV] mldk xsV&vi ns[kdj cM+h izsj.kk feyrh FkhA ^dyk le;* ds vkoj.k i`"B ij ,d ckj 'osr&';ke fp=k ns[kk rks yxk fd dksbZ if=kdk flQZ jaxhu gksus ls gh if=kdk ugha gksrhA CySd ,aM OgkbV Hkh C;wVh gS] ;g le> fou; HkkbZ esa FkhA mUgksaus if=kdk dks dbZ ckj jaxhu rks dbZ ckj 'osr&';ke Hkh fudkykA fou; mik/;k; ds infpUgksa ij pydj eSa Hkh if=kdk fudkyrk gwaA ehfM;k foe'kZ us fou; HkkbZ dk p;u fd;k rks eq>s cgqr [kq'kh gqbZ] mUgsa lEeku feyrs jgs gSaA eq>s yxrk gS fd gekjh tks ikjaifjd dyk;sa gSa] yksd dyk;sa gSa] mu ij vkØe.k dk ,d le; vk x;k gSA nks eghus igys isfjl esa dkVwZu dyk dh if=kdk pkyhZ ,Cnka ij geyk gqvk] u dsoy geyk gqvk oju mlds laiknd lfgr 12 yksxksa dh gR;k dj nh xbZA ;s oSf'od vkradokn gS] tks dyki{k ij Hkh geyk dj jgk gSA vius Hkkjrh; ifjos'k dks ns[ksa rks eq>s yxrk gS fd vkradokn cktkjokn ds :i esa gekjh dykvksa esa bl rjg ls ?kj dj x;k gS fd gekjh yksd dyk;sa] gekjs xkao] gekjh viuh laLd`fr /khjs&/khjs ejrh pyh tk jgh gSA vk'p;Z gqvk fiNys lky tc eSa vius dqN fe=kksa ds lkFk uDlyh {ks=k esa ;k=kk ij x;k FkkA oks yksxksa dks ekj nsrs gSa] i=kdkjksa dks ekj nsrs gSa] iqfyl dks ekj nsrs gSaA uDlyh rks ugha feys ysfdu xkao ds yksx feysA eSaus ns[kk fd cktkjokn ogka fdl rjg ls ?kj dj x;k gSA yaxksVh iguus okyk vkfnoklh] cjewM+k eas vc fn[kkbZ nsrk gSA dqN yM+fd;ksa dks Hkh eSaus vk/kqfud oL=kksa esa ns[kkA nksLrks bls QS'ku dh ,d QwgM+ udy gh dg ldrs gSaA eq>s yxrk gS fd ge if'pe dh udy esa udyph canj gks x, gSaA gekjs yksd ioZ [kRe gksrs tk jgs gSaA gekjs ikjaifjd ok| ;a=k xk;c gksrs tk jgs gSaA jhfeDl dk nkSj vk x;k gSA gekjs ?kjksa dh efgyk,a Hkh 'kknh&C;kg esa vk/kqfud xhrksa ds lgkjs u`R; djrh gSaA ikjaifjd xhr xk;c gks x;s gaS] ikjaifjd u`R; xk;c gks x;s gSaA dykvksa ij bruk xgjk ladV bl le; vk;k gSA ;s blfy;s gqvk gS D;ksafd vk/kqfudrk dh nkSM+ gekjs tsgu esa cSB xbZ gSA ckWyhoqM dk

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

dksbZ ghjks QVh gqbZ thal igudj inZs ij fn[kkbZ nsrk gS rks iwjs ns'k ds yM+ds&yM+fd;ka QVk gqvk diM+k igudj ?kweus yxrs gSaA cktkj vkSj ckWyhoqM bl rjg ls gesa gkf'k;s ij ys vk;k gS fd ge viuh ijaijk vkSj viuh laLd`fr dks Hkwyus yxs gSaA ,sls le; esa eq>s yxrk gS fd ^dyk le;* tSlh if=kdk dk gksuk ,d lkef;d] lkaLd`frd ?kVuk ds :i esa ntZ fd;k tkuk pkfg,A jax laokn if=kdk Hkh Jh mik/;k; fudky jgs gSa] mlesa xaHkhjrk ds lkFk foe'kZ gksrk gSA ;s nksuksa egRoiw.kZ mnkgj.k gSaA lat; f}osnh us dgk esjs miU;kl ^xk; dh vkRedFkk* ls izsfjr gksdj ,d eqfLye QSt [kku dFkkokpd gks x,A eq>s bruk larks"k gqvk fd eSaus dqN fy[kk vkSj ,d eqfLye dks og miU;kl bruk Hkk;k fd mlus viuk dSfj;j nkao ij yxk fn;kA dkWyst dh ukSdjh NksM+dj og xkS dFkk;sa dgrk gSA ysfdu] gekjs cgqr lkjs fe=k ,sls gSa tks cksyrs gSa fd xk; ij rqeus fy[k fn;k gSA ;g rks ^xs* ij fy[kus dk le; gSA ;s bruk dVk{k gks x;k fd vki xk; ij ckr djsaxs] viuh xkS dyk ij ckr djsaxs] vius pwYgs pkSds dh ckr djsaxs] viuh feêh dh ckr djsaxs rks vkidk migkl mM+k;k tk,xkA cgqr [krjukd le; gS] blfy;s ,sls le; esa vxj ehfM;k foe'kZ tSlh if=kdk] lat; f}osnh vkSj muds reke fu.kkZ;d eaMy vxj dyk dks lefiZr if=kdk dks vfHkuafnr djrs gSa] mldk p;u djrs gSa rks eq>s yxrk gS fd mldks p;fur djus dk tks iz;kl gS og vfHkuanuh; gSA eSa ehfM;k foe'kZ dks cgqr&cgqr c/kkbZ nsrk gwa fd ,sls O;fDr dk mUgksaus p;u fd;k gSA yxs gkFk ;g ckr Hkh eSa crk nwa fd ehfM;k foe'kZ dh ifj;kstuk jk;iqj esa cuh vkSj bl lEeku dh ifj;kstuk Hkh la;ksx ls esjs gh ln~Hkkouk niZ.k ds dk;kZy; esa cuhA eq>s ;g ns[kdj xoZ gksrk gS fd Hkksiky esa vkdj /khjs&/khjs bl if=kdk us viuk dSuokl bruk cM+k fd;k fd ;g lEeku bruk izfrf"Br gks x;k fd lky Hkj izrh{kk jgrh gSA lkfgfR;d i=kdkfjrk ds ikBd izrh{kk djrs gSa fd bl ckj fdls ;g lEeku feysxkA ,d ckr vkSj eSa dguk pkgwaxk fd la;ksx ls ;g dk;ZØe ehfM;k foe'kZ ds iqjks/kk lat; f}osnh ds tUefnu ij gksrk gSA ;g lcls vPNh ckr gS fd lat; f}osnh vius nknk i- c`tyky f}osnh dks ;kn djrs gSaA os egt nknk dks ;kn ugha djrs] viuh ih<+h dks ;kn djrs gSa] ,d iajijk dks ;kn djrs gSaA muds uke dk lEeku nsdj] mudk vk'khokZn izkIr djrs gSaA nksigj esa fo|kfFkZ;ksa }kjk lkaLd`frd izLrqfr dk dk;ZØe ns[kdj eSa nax jg x;kA u;s Nk=kksa dks ns[krk gwa rks cM+h ihM+k gksrh gS fd ;s fdl rjg dh ih<+h rS;kj gks jgh gSA D;k ;s u;s Hkkjr ds fuekZ.k esa mruk lgk;d gks ik;saxs\ ysfdu tc eSaus ;gka ds cPpksa dks ns[kk]

106

muds fopkj ns[ks vkSj mudk lkaLd`frd #>ku ns[kk] dyk ds izfr mudk leiZ.k ns[kk rks eSaus mlh le; ;g lkspk fd ,slh ih<+h Hkh vxj bl lekt dks feyrh gS rks bl jk"Vªdks csgrj jk"Vªcukus ls dksbZ rkdr ugha jksd ldrhA xq#&f'k"; ijaijk dk tks Lo:i ;gka eSaus ns[kk] cPpksa esa eSaus laLdkj ns[ks] xq# ds izfr ,slk vknj Hkko cgqr de ns[kus dks feyrk gSA ;g og nkSj gS tc xq#] xq# ugha jgs] ?kaVky gks x;s] ,sls le; eas dksbZ fo'kq) xq# fn[kkbZ nsrk gS vkSj mlh ijaijk dk fn[kkbZ nsrk gS fd vius Nk=kksa ls fe=kor laca/k cuk, j[ks vkSj ,d&,d Nk=k dks tkuuk] mldh fQrjr tkuuk] mldh detksfj;ka tkuuk] mldh fo'ks"krk tkuuk rks eq>s yxrk gS fd bl rjg ls xq#&f'k"; ds laca/k Hkh vxj cus jgsaxs rks vkus okys le; esa vPNs Nk=k Hkh fudysaxsA ,sls Nk=k tks i=kdkfjrk ls tqM+s gksa] tulapkj ek/;eksa ls tqM+s gSaA buesa ls dksbZ v[kckj ds n¶rj esa tk;sxk] dksbZ U;wt pSuy esa tk,xk vkSj lat; f}osnh tSls xq# tc mudks fl[kk;saxs rks fu%lansg og Hkkjrh;rk dh ckr djsxk] og viuh ijaijk dh ckr djsxk] og viuh laLd`fr dh ckr djsxkA fu"i{k :i ls fy[ksxkA fyo bu fjys'kuf'ki dh ckr vxj vk,xh rks ml ij Hkh fopkj&foe'kZ djsxk fd lekt dgka tk jgk gSA eSa

ns[krk gwa fd dksbZ vaxzsth miU;kl vkrk gS] mlesa laLd`fr fo#) ckr gksrh gS rks jkrksa&jkr ys[kd dks ghjks cuk fn;k tkrk gSA gtkjksa izfr;ka fcd tk,axh] ysfdu ,d xk; dh vkRedFkk tc fy[kh tk,xh rks gks ldrk gS mldks le>us okys cgqr de jgsaxsA ;g tks laØe.k dky dk nkSj gS] eq>s yxrk gS fd ,sls nkSj ls xqtjrs gq, ijaijk ds lkFk tqM+dj vk/kqfudrk ds lkFk dke djuk gSA og ijaijk tks ek[kuyky prqoZsnh us LFkkfir dh] og ijEijk tks ijkMdj us LFkkfir] og ijaijk tks lizs us LFkkfir dh] mldks geas vk/kqfudrk dk :i nsuk gSA dgha u dgha gekjk tks Hkh ys[ku gks] tks Hkh ge i=kdkfjrk djsa] mlds dsanz esa euq"; gksuk pkfg,A csgrj euq";] csgrj lekt] csgrj jk"Vªcukus dk iz;kl gesa viuh dye ls djuk pkfg,A vxj ge dye ds ek/;e ls vesfjdh dqÙkkas dh [kkfl;r crkrs tk;saxs rks ge vPNs euq";ksa dh [kkfl;r dc crk;saxsA pdkpkSa/k dh i=kdkfjrk gks xbZ gS] tks dqÙkksa dks ns[k djds gh [kq'k gks tkrh gSA vijkf/k;ksa dks efgekeafMr djrh gSA ,slh i=kdkfjrk dh f'k{kk ls ijs gVdj ek[kuyky prqoZsnh jk"Vªh; i=kdkfjrk ,oa lapkj fo'ofo|ky; ds Nk=k vxj jpukRed i=kdkfjrk dh fn'kk eas izo`Ùk gks jgs gSa rks eSa ,sls Nk=kksa dk vfHkuanu

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

107 djrk gwa] lat; f}osnh dk vfHkuanu djrk gwa vkSj ,d ckj var esa fQj iafMr c`tyky f}osnh iqjLdkj izkIr fou; mik/;k; dks cgqr&cgqr c/kkbZ nsrk gwaA

ubZ ih<+h dks fou;th ls feysxh izsj.kk% txnfEcdk iky ;g esjk lkSHkkX; gS fd dk;ZØe esjs ?kj dk dk;ZØe gSA blfy;s eSa bl dk;ZØe esa eq[; vfrfFk ds :i esa ugha ifjokj ds lnL; ds :i esa 'kkfey gqvk gwaA bl vk;kstu esa e/;izns'k] NÙkhlx<+ vkSj mÙkj Hkkjr ds lkfgR; dyk ds iqjks/kk vkSj l'kDr gLrk{kj mifLFkr gSaA eSa mÙkjizzns'k dh rjQ ls lcls igys vkt lEekfur gksus okys lkfgR;] laLd`fr vkSj dyk ds izeq[k O;fDr fou; mik/;k; dks c/kkbZ nsrk gwaA vkt dh 'kke ftlds uke gSa ¼fou; mik/;k;½ mUgha ds ckjs esa dguk pkgwaxkA mUgksaus vius O;fDrRo dks] d`frRo dks cM+h fouezrk ls vkids lkeus izLrqr fd;k gSA [kaMok ds lkaLd`frd eap ij lkfgR; xksf"B;ksa mUgksaus cpiu ls cgqr&lh foHkwfr;ksa dks ns[kk&lquk gSA mUgksaus dgk fd bu foHkwfr;ksa dk mUgksaus vuqlj.k fd;kA eSa le>rk gwa fd vuqlj.k ls T;knk vkids eu esa fopkj iSnk gqvk] vkius vkRelkr fd;kA ml fo/kk dks vkRelkr djds vkius i=kdkfjrk 'kq: dh vkSj i=kdkfjrk ds ewY;ksa ls le>kSrk ugha fd;k vkSj fQj vkius viuh ^dyk le;* vkSj ^jax laokn* if=kdk dk laiknu djuk 'kq: fd;kA viuh ys[ku 'kSyh ds ek/;e ls vkius oks eqdke gkfly fd;k gS fd ftl rjg ls vkius fo}kuksa dk uke fy;k gS] vkus okyh ihf<+;ka vkidk uke ysaxhA vki ml ih<+h ds izsj.kk lzksr cusaxsA fuf'pr rkSj ls muds fy;s vki ,d izdkj ls LraHk gksaxsA muds fy;s vki ,d felky gksaxsA vius Hkk"k.k esa cgqr ls yksxksa us bl ckr ij fpark O;Dr dh fd vkt dh i=kdkfjrk esa tks phtsa vokaNuh; gSa mudks Hkh cgqr T;knk rjthg nh tk jgh gSA ;g ,d igyw gks ldrk gSA eSa eku ldrk gwa ysfdu eSa iw.kZr% blls lger ugha gwaA eSa dguk pkgwaxk fd bysDVªkWfud ehfM;k dk bruk foLrkj gks x;k gS fd lSdM+ksa pSuy gks

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

x, gSaA ysfdu blds ckotwn v[kckj ds fcuk gekjh lqcg ugha gksrh gSA fcuk v[kckj i<+s fnup;kZ 'kq: ugha gksrhA rks dgha u dgha i=kdkfjrk dk ;k mlds egRo dk mYys[k gSA vkt lHkh v[kckjksa ds laLdj.k c<+rs tk jgs gSa] tks igys Hkksiky ls fudy jgk gksxk] og vc vU; txgksa ls Hkh 'kq: gks x;k gSA mÙkj izns'k esa rks v[kckjksa ds ftyk'k% laLdj.k gks x, gSaA ;kuh vki viuh [kcj [kqn if<+;s] [kqn nsf[k;sA vkids ftys dh [kcj nwljs ftys esa ugha ns[kh tk ldrhA bls ns[kdj ge dg ldrs gSa fd bysDVªksfud pSuYl ds lkFk gh lekpkj&i=kksa dh Hkwfedk Hkh cM+h egRoiw.kZ gSA vki ;dhu dfj;s fd laln esa tks eqn~ns mBk;s tkrs gSa] mudk fizaV vkSj bysDVªkWfud ehfM;k ls dgha u dgha rkYyqd jgrk gSA turk ds fgr esa v[kckj esa vki dksbZ ys[k fy[krs gSa rks laln esa og cgl dk dkj.k curk gS vkSj ml ij ljdkj dks tokc Hkh nsuk iM+rk gSA ehfM;k esa izdkf'kr vkSj izlkfjr ,d ys[k ;k lekpkj ds dkj.k turk ls tqM+k eqn~nk laln ds jkLrs iwjs ns'k ds le{k vk tkrk gSA vkt Hkh eSa ekurk gwa fd tks dke gekjh laln ugha dj ikbZa] tks dke cgqr lh laLFkk,a ugha dj ikbZa] vki nsf[k;s oks dke fuf'pr rkSj ls ehfM;k us fd;k gSA pkgs dksyxsV gks] pkgs dkWeuoSYFk xse ?kksVkyk gks] laln us ugha cfYd ehfM;k esa vkus ij ;s turk ds lkeus vk,A vkt ehfM;k dk jksy cgqr egRoiw.kZ gks x;k gSA vkt ge lc Vªk;y ls cp ldrs gSa ysfdu xyrh djus ij ehfM;k Vªk;y ls dksbZ ugha cpk ldrkA fou; mik/;k; }kjk laikfnr if=kdk ^dyk le;* vkt lanHkZ if=kdk cu pqdh gSA ;qok ih<+h ml if=kdk ls i<+ djds fy[kus dh 'kSyh lh[k jgh gS] ;g cM+h ckr gSA fou; mik/;k; ftl rjg ls if=kdk dks izdkf'kr dj jgs gSa eSa fuf'pr rkSj ij mudks c/kkbZ nsrk gwaA tc bl {ks=k eas dkQh yksx fudysaxs rks muesa dqN fou; mik/;k; tSls yksx gksaxs] ftUgsa ns[kdj larks"k gksxkA bl ekSds ij [kklrkSj ls vius vuqt lat; f}osnh th vkSj mudh iRuh dks c/kkbZ nsuk pkgwaxkA eq>s lq[kn yx jgk gS fd mRrjizns'k ds NksVs ls ftys cLrh ls fudyk vkneh lkfgfR;d i=kdkfjrk ds {ks=k esa vuqdj.kh; dk;Z dj jgk gSA lkfgfR;d i=kdkfjrk dks lEeku ns jgk gSA eSa dguk pkgwaxk d cLrh cgqr NksVh txg gSA cLrh dks cLrh dgwa rks dk dks dgwa mtkM+A tc ge yksx dgrs gSa fd ge cLrh ds gSa rks yksx dgrs gSa fd cLrh dk dksbZ uke rks gksxkA yksx le>rs gaS fd cLrh dksbZ eksgYyk gSA dbZ ckj ge yksxkas ds lkeus ;g vlgt fLFkfr vk tkrh gS fd ge cLrh dk D;k uke crk;saA fQj ge yksx dgrs gSa ftys dk uke cLrh gSA yksx vk'p;Z ls Hkj mBrs

108

gSaA ,sls NksVs ftys cLrh ls ge yksx rkYyqd j[krs gSaA Hkksiky ds fo"k; esa dguk pkgwaxk fd tSls ns'k dh iz'kklfud jkt/kkuh fnYyh gS] vkfFkZd jkt/kkuh eqEcbZ gS oSls gh ns'k dh lkfgfR;d vkSj lkaLd`frd jkt/kkuh Hkksiky gSA ml Hkksiky esa esjs 'kgj ds ,d O;fDr us vius ije iwT; nknk th ia- c`tyky f}osnh dh Le`fr esa ,d lEeku lekjksg 'kq: fd;k gSA bl lEeku ds cgkus mUgksaus Hkksiky esa ,d txg ij e/;izns'k] jk;iqj] fnYyh lfgr ns'k Hkj ls fo}ku] lkfgR;dkj vkSj i=kdkjksa dks bdëk fd;k gSA eSa Hkh mRrjizns'k dh jkt/kkuh y[kuÅ esa jgrk gwaA eq>s dgus esa dksbZ ladksp ugha gS fd y[kuÅ gks] iVuk gks] dk'kh gks ;k t;iqj gks] fdUgha phtksa esa mudh [;kfr gks ldrh gSA ysfdu] vkt lkfgR; ds {ks=k esa] dyk ds {ks=k esa] laLd`fr ds {ks=k esa Hkksiky us viuk ,d LFkku cuk;k gSA ehfM;k foe'kZ us vkt fou; th dk lEeku ugha fd;k gS mlus fou; th ds ek/;e ls ubZ ih<+h dks izsj.kk nh gS fd vxj Hkfo"; esa vki fdlh pdkpkSa/k esa ugha tkvksxs] lQyrk ds ihNs ugha Hkkxksxs rks LokHkkfod gS fd dfBu Mxj gksxh] igpku nsj

ls gksxh ysfdu fuf'pr rkSj ls tc igpku gksxh rks ogh ped gksxh tks fou; mik/;k; dh gSA

foe'kZ ls gksrk gS ckSf)d fodkl% izks- c`t fd'kksj dqfB;kyk ;g dk;Z Ø e ,d okf"kZd mRlo gS] ftlesa lkekftd foe'kZ vkSj leh{kk dk laxe gksrk gSA foe'kZ dyk dh leh{kk dk lEeku djrk gSA lekt dk tks ckSf)d fodkl gS] og cgl ls ugha gksrk gS] og foraMkokn ls Hkh ugha gksrk] og thrus dh okrkZ ls ugha gksrk gS] og rks foe'kZ ls gksrk gS vkSj ogh foe'kZ lat; f}osnh ,d if=kdk ds ek/;e ls o"kkZsa ls dj jgs gSaA dqN o"kkZsa ls mUgksaus bl dk;ZØe esa

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

109 leh{kk dk lEeku djuk izkjaHk fd;k gSA D;ksafd] foe'kZ dh leh{kk vfuok;Z gSA foe'kZ dh leh{kk D;k gS] foe'kZ ds fo"k; D;k gSa vkSj foe'kZ dh fn'kk gksuh D;k pkfg,] vxj bl rjQ /;ku ugha fn;k x;k rks vo'; gh fn'kk dks [kksus okyk foe'kZ gksxkA esjs iwoZ oDrkvksa us i=kdkfjrk vkSj ehfM;k dks ,d ,sls ifjos'k esa izLrqr fd;k fd lc dqN cgqr gh [kjkc gS] u"V gksus okyk gSA fe=kksa ,d ckr Li"V :i ls le>uh pkfg, fd Vsyhfotu dk fjeksV fdlds gkFk esa gSA Vsyhfotu dh Vªkalfe'ku rks fdlh ,d laLFkk ds gkFk esa gks ldrh gS] Vsyhfotu dh dk;ZØe fuekZ.k dh tks iwath gS og rks fdlh laLFkk ds gkFk esa gks ldrh gS ijarq fjeksV rks esjs vkSj vkids gkFk esa gSA vkidks r; djuk gS fd D;k ns[kuk gS\ blh rjg ;g Hkh vkidks gh r; djuk gS fd lqcg dkSu&lk lekpkj i=k mBkuk gS vkSj ml lekpkj i=k esa dkSu&lk i`"B vkSj D;k i<+uk gSA ;s ckSf)drk] ckSf)d le> vkSj foosd vxj geesa vk;k rks dksbZ Hkh vkSj fdlh Hkh izdkj dk udkjkRed ehfM;k gekjs lekt dks gkfu ugha igqapk ldrk gSA fiNys dqN o"kkZsa ls bl ckr dks fl) fd;k x;k gSA lc dqN gksus ds ckotwn esjk vkSj vkidk ns'k vkxs c<+ jgk gSA esjs vkSj vkids ns'k dk tks ;qok gS og vkt vk'kkoku gS] og iwjs fo'o esa viuk uke dekrk gqvk fn[k jgk gSA blfy;s tc ge dgrs gSa fd 'kCn czã gS vkSj 'kCn Hkze Hkh gSA 'kCn Hkzetky Hkh QSykrk gS vkSj 'kCn czãtky Hkh QSykrk gS] banztky Hkh QSykrk gSA dgha u dgha tc ge bl ckr dh le> j[krs gSa] cqf) j[krs gSa] bl ckr dk foosd j[krs gSa fd 'kCn dk iz;ksx gesa tksM+us ds fy;s djuk gS] rksM+us ds fy;s ugha djuk gSA l`tu ds fy;s djuk gS] u"V djus ds fy;s ugha djuk gSA tc ge bl rjg ds dk;ZØeksa esa vkrs gSa] gekjk ;qok fo|kFkhZ tks ehfM;k esa dy tkus okyk gS] og tc bl rjg ds foe'kZ dk lgHkkxh gksrk gS] mldks ns[krk gS] lqurk gS] rks mlds eu esa ,d ftKklk curh gS fd esjk Hkfo"; D;k gS vkSj eq>s vius Hkfo"; eas] vius lekt ds Hkfo"; esa D;k Hkwfedk fuHkkuh gS\ rks bl rjg ds foe'kkZsa esa mldks ,d fn'kk feyrh gSA ml fn'kk dks nsus dk gh dke lat; gj o"kZ djrs gSaA ,d cgqpfpZr ckr dh tkrh gS fd ehfM;k O;kikj gks x;k gSA dgk tk, rks cM+h [krjukd ckr gS] cM+h pqukSrhiw.kZ ckr gS fd vxj lekt dk laokn ,d O;kikj dk fo"k; cu x;k gS] 'kCn dk O;kikj gksuk izkjaHk gks x;k vkSj O;kikj dks cspus ds fy;s tks rjhds viuk;s tk jgs gSa] ogh rjhds 'kCn dks cspus ds fy;s viuk;s tk jgs gSa] rks dgha u dgha fpark dk fo"k; gSA ml fpark ds fo"k; dks lk/kus ds fy;s gekjs ikl D;k fodYi gSa\ rc lkewfgd foe'kZ ls fo}rtu fodYi ns ldrs gSaA foe'kZ dks

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

fn'kk nsus dk dke fo}kuksa dk gSA fou; th us bl foe'kZ dks ,d fn'kk nh gS blhfy;s vkt foe'kZ us leh{kk dk lEeku fd;k gSA gekjh ;qok ih<+h dks ,d ckr le> ysuh pkfg, fd daVsaV MsoyiesaV dk ;qx vk x;k gSA vkt daVsaV eSustesaV vko';d gSA vkidks 'kCnksa vkSj fp=kksa ds ek/;e ls lekt dks dqN nsuk gSA ysfdu] tc vki 'kCnksa ds O;kikj ds pDdj eas Qal tkrs gSa rks dgha u dgha lekt dks gkfu gksrh gSA vkt Hkh vPNh lkexzh i<+h tk jgh gSA ftu ?kjksa esa i<+kbZ dk ekgkSy gS] ogka ,d ls vf/kd lekpkji=k vkrs gSa vkSj ml ?kj esa Vsyhfotu esa 600 ls T;knk pSuy dks ns[kus dh lqfo/kk gksrh gS] ubZ fjlpZ us fl) fd;k gS fd ,sls 70 izfr'kr ?kjksa esa de ls de nks if=kdk,a ,slh vkrh gSa tks ckSf)d gksrh gSa] /kkfeZd gksrh gSa ;k fdlh u fdlh rjg ls fdlh izksQs'ku dks ;k ,fFkDl dks crkus okyh gksrh gSaA fjlpZ us ;s Hkh fl) fd;k gS fd ifjokj dk gj O;fDr ml if=kdk dks i<+rk gSA oks fdlh lar&egkRek dh if=kdk gks ldrh gS] vkidh tkfr ds mRFkku dh if=kdk gks ldrh gS] oks fdlh /kkfeZd fo'okl dh if=kdk gks ldrh gS] fdlh izksQs'ku dh if=kdk gks ldrh gSA ijarq mldk izHkko cgqr gSA mldh ppkZ de gSA mldh Vhvkjih dh ckr ugha gSA mldks lekt vius vkils latksdj j[krk gS] lekt mldk iks"k.k djrk gSA blfy;s cgqr T;knk ?kcjkus dh ckr ugha gSA ;qok ih<+h us rks leh{kkRed vkSj laf{kIr fy[kuk izkjaHk dj fn;k gSA ,d le; esa ,d vui<+ O;fDr dks vaxwBk Nki dgk tkrk FkkA vkt rks iwjh dh iwjh ih<+h vaxwBk Nki gS D;ksafd vaxwBs ls gh og OgkV~lvi dks vkWijsV djrh gSA vius eksckby ij nqfu;k Hkj dh [kcjsa vaxwBs ls gh i<+rh gSA eq>s yxrk gS fd bl rjg ds dk;ZØeksa eas vxj vf/kd ls vf/kd ;qok vkSj vf/kd ls vf/kd fo}ku] ys[kd vkSj lkfgR;dkj vkil esa cSBdj okrkZ djsa] ,d nwljs dh ckr dks lqus rks lekt ds fy;s gekjk nkf;Ro dk ,d tks cks/k gS] mldks ,d jkLrk feysxkA dk;ZØe dk lapkyu MkW- lqHknzk jkBkSj us fd;kA vkHkkj izn'kZu MkW- lkSjHk ekyoh; us fd;kA if=kdk ds dk;Zdkjh laiknd lat; f}osnh us vfrfFk;ksa dks Le`fr fpUg HksaV fd,A bl ekSds ij MkW- fot;cgknqj flag] izks- jes'k nos] dSyk'kpanz iar] lqcks/k JhokLro] f'kodqekj vpZu] MkW- jekdkar JhokLro] ujsUnz tSu] egs'k lDlsuk] vfuy pkScs] e/kqdj f}osnh] MkW- lquhrk [k=kh] egsanz xxu] MkW- ifo=k JhokLro] MkW- ih-'kf'kdyk] MkW- vfouk'k oktis;h lfgr Hkksiky ds vusd izcq) yksx ekStwn FksA q

110

vk;kstu yksdsUnz flag

lat; f}osnh }kjk laikfnr nks iqLrdksa dk foekspu ,d iqLrd i=kdkj vP;qrkuan feJ vkSj nwljh ehfM;k ij dsfUnzr

Hkksiky] 7 QjojhA ehfM;k foe'kZ ds rRoko/kku esa vk;ksftr lekjksg esa ys[kd ,oa ehfM;k xq# lat; f}osnh }kjk laikfnr nks iqLrdksa ^vtkr'k=kq vP;qrkuan* vkSj ^ehfM;k] Hkwe.Myhdj.k vkSj lekt* dk foekspu fd;k x;kA bl ekSds ij laiknd Jh f}osnh us dgk fd nksuksa iqLrdsa jpukRed vkSj l`tukRed i=kdkfjrk ds iqjks/kkvksa dks lefiZr gSaA iqLrdksa dk foekspu ek[kuyky prqosZnh i=kdkfjrk fo'ofo|ky; ds iwoZ fo|kfFkZ;ksa us fd;k] tks bu fnuksa ns'k ds fofHkUu ehfM;k ek/;eksa esa dk;Zjr gSaA dk;ZØe dk vk;kstu lkr Qjojh dks Hkksiky fLFkr xka/kh Hkou esa fd;k x;kA bl ekSds ij fnYyh] NÙkhlx<+] vka/kzizns'k] e/;izns'k] >kj[k.M] fcgkj vkSj mÙkjizns'k 'kgjksa ls vk, ehfM;kdehZ] cqf)thoh ,oa i=kdkfjrk ds fo|kFkhZ ekStwn FksA ys[kd ,oa laiknd Jh lat; f}osnh yxHkx nks n'kd ls i=kdkfjrk ,oa ys[ku ds {ks=k esa lfØ; gSa rFkk dbZ ehfM;k laLFkkuksa esa egRoiw.kZ inksa ij jgs gSaA orZeku esa os ek[kuyky prqosZnh jk"Vªh; i=kdkfjrk ,oa lapkj fo'ofo|ky;] Hkksiky ds tulapkj foHkkx ds v/;{k gSaA Jh f}osnh fujarj ys[ku vkSj laiknu esa dk;Zjr gSaA muds }kjk lEikfnr iqLrd ^vtkr'k=kq vP;qrkuan* dk yksdkiZ.k la;qä :i ls

lkr iwoZ fo|kfFkZ;ksa us fd;k] ftuesa vkj-ts-vukfn ¼jsM ,Q,e] Hkksiky½] izkph etwenkj ¼fganqLrku VkbEl] Hkksiky½] jkgqy pkSdls ¼ihiqYl lekpkj] Hkksiky½] iadt dqekj lko ¼HkkLdj MkV dke] jkaph½] euh"k vxzoky ¼ubZ nqfu;k] bankSj½] gsear ikf.kxzkgh ¼txnyiqj½ vkSj iadt xqIrk ¼tutu tkxj.k] Hkksiky½ 'kkfey gSaA blh rjg nwljh fdrkc ^ehfM;k] Hkwe.Myhdj.k vkSj lekt* dk foekspu loZJh dk yksdkiZ.k la;qä :i ls lkr iwoZ fo|kfFkZ;ksa us fd;k ftuesa la;qäk cuthZ ¼HkkLdj fMftVy] Hkksiky½] vfer flag ¼vktrd] fnYyh½ pSrU; panu ¼ Mkmu Vw vFkZ] fnYyh½] jktho dqekj xka/kh ¼lk/kuk Vhoh] jk;iqj½] dkS'ky oekZ ¼fnYyh½] izse jke f=kikBh ¼LVkj lekpkj] lruk½] nhid dqekj ¼fcgkj iqfyl½ 'kkfey gSaA nksuksa iqLrdsa ubZ fnYyh ds izdk'kd ;'k ifCyds'kal us izdkf'kr dh gSaA ^vtkr'k=kq vP;qrkuan* iqLrd tulÙkk ds iwoZ laiknd vkSj ek[kuyky prqosZnh jk"Vªh; i=kdkfjrk fo'ofo|ky; ds iwoZ dqyifr vP;qrkuan feJ ij ,d egRoiw.kZ nLrkost gSA iqLrd esa fofHkUu fo}kuksa ds fy[ks 30 vkys[k 'kkfey gSaA loZJh jkecgknqj jk;] fo'oukFk lpnso] in~eJh jes'kpanz 'kkg] in~eJh fot;nÙk Jh/kj] dSyk'kpanz iar] j?kq Bkdqj] izks- c`t fd'kksj

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

111

dqfB;kyk] jes'k uS;j] MkW- lfPpnkuan tks'kh] vHk; izrki] lar lehj lfgr dbZ izeq[k yksxksa us vP;qrkuan feJ ds O;fäRo ds fofHkUu igyqvksa ij izdk'k Mkyk gSA nwljh iqLrd ^ehfM;k] Hkwe.Myhdj.k vkSj lekt* lewph i=kdkfjrk ds {ks=k esa vk, cnykoksa dks mtkxj djrh gqbZ fn[krh gSA laiknd lat; f}osnh dgrs gSa fd ßHkwe.Myhdj.k ds ckn ns'k ds ehfM;k dh fLFkfr;ksa esa cgqr cnyko vk, gSaA lp dgsa rks iwjh nqfu;k gh cny xbZ gSA ,sls esa Hkwe.Myhdj.k ds pyrs fofo/k {ks=kksa esa iM+s izHkkoksa dk vkdyu ehfM;k izk/;kidksa] i=kdkjksa] fpardksa vkSj fo}kuksa us bl iqLrd esa fd;k gSAÞ iqLrd esa fofHkUu fo}kuksa ds 34 vkys[k 203 rhu i`"Bksa esa lekfgr gSaA MkW- jkexksiky flag] ih- lkbZaukFk] v"VHkqtk 'kqDy] izks- dey nhf{kr] MkW- lq'khy f=kosnh] vkuan iz/kku] MkW- Jhdkar flag] MkW- ofrZdk uank] vfuy pefM+;k] MkW- gjh'k vjksM+k] MkW- lqHknzk jkBkSj] vadqj fot;oxhZ;] yksdsUnz flag vkSj _rs'k pkS/kjh lfgr vU; fo}kuksa us bl iqLrd esa ehfM;k esa vk, cnykoksa dks js[kkafdr fd;k gSA nksuksa iqLrdsa fuf'pr gh i=kdkfjrk ls tqM+s ckSf)d txr vkSj i=kdkfjrk ds fo|kfFkZ;ksa ds fy, mi;ksxh lkfcr gksaxhA q

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

iqLrd % ehfM;k HkweaMyhdj.k vkSj lekt laiknd% lat; f}osnh izdk'kd% ;'k ifCyds'kal 1@11848] iap'khy xkMZu] uohu 'kkgnjk] fnYyh 110032 ewY;% #i;s& 495@&] i`"B& 207@& iqLrd % vtkr'k=kq vP;qrkuan laiknd% lat; f}osnh izdk'kd% ;'k ifCyds'kal 1@11848] iap'khy xkMZu] uohu 'kkgnjk] fnYyh 110032 ewY;% #i;s& 395@& i`"B& 144@&

112

fo'ks"k fVIi.kh foosd lkojhdj ^e`nqy*

fou; ds da/ks ij ,d e`nqy Fkidh

vkt ¼7 Qjojh] 2015½ esjs Hkzkròr fe=k vkSj ofj"B dyk laiknd fou; mik/;k; dks iafMr c`tyky f}osnh Le`fr vf[ky Hkkjrh; lkfgfR;d i=kdkfjrk lEeku& 2015 ls lEekfur fd;k tk jgk gSA ;g lEeku ehfM;k foe'kZ ifjokj vkSj izdkjkarj ls yC/kizfr"B ys[kd&fopkjd vkSj ek[kuyky prqoZsnh jk"Vªh; i=kdkfjrk ,oa lapkj fo'ofo|ky; ¼,elh;w½ ds tulapkj foHkkx ds v/;{k lat; f}osnh th ds HkxhjFk iz;klksa ls fou; th dks fey jgk gSA ;g ckr blfy, xkSjryc gS fd fou; ,d dyk leh{kd vkSj laLd`frdehZ gSaA ;kuh dh dyk] lkfgR; vkSj laLd`fr ds lqjE; miou pdh ltZuk] j{kk vkSj izfr"Bk djrs gSaA bl miou dk foLrkj fdlh izns'k ;k ns'k ugha fo'o ds dksus&dksus rd gSA tgk¡ rd lekt dh bdkb;ka clh gaS] tgk¡Hkh euq"; ds thou dks lqUnj vkSj ekuoh; cukus dh ckr mBrh gS] fou; mik/;k; dh ikdhtxh Hkjh lkaLd`frd n`f"V] dyk dh dksey&rjy Hkkoukvksa ds lkFk ml lekt ds] ml euq"; ds thou dh vfHkO;fä esa tqV tkrh gS vkSj mls vKkr ds chgM+ksa ls fudky dj Kkr ds eap ij lqLFkkfir djrh gSA foxr nks ls vf/kd n'kdksa esa fou; us viuh if=kdk ^dyk le;* vkSj fQj ouekyh l`tuihB ds izdk'ku ^jaxlaokn* ds tfj;s dyk jfldksa vkSj lqf/k ikBdksa dks bl furkar&dykle; esa fdadrZO;foew<+ vkSj volkn xzLr gksus ls cpk fy;k gSA fdrus gh ys[kdksa dks ltZukRed esuksikWt ls mckj fy;k gS vkSj eq> tSls ?kksj vykyksa dks Hkh O;oLFkk ds gkfdeksa }kjk lkfgfR;d&lkaLd`frd :i ls gkf'k;s ij Mkys tkus ds ckotwn ^laHkkouk'khy* cuk;s j[kk gSA fou; dks fey jgs lEeku dk egÙo blfy, cM+k gS fd vkt fdlh Hkh v[kckj esa dyk&laLd`fr dh fjiksfVaZx vFkok dyk&i=kdkfjrk dksbZ ^b'kw*] dksbZ eqík] dksbZ ladYiuk ugha gSA oSls ;g igys Hkh de gh FkhA ysfdu ubZnqfu;k tSls v[kckj Fks] jkgqy ckjiqrs] jTtq ckcw] izHkk"k th] ckck fMds tSls dqN laLd`fr/kehZ tu 'ks"k FksA /keZ;qx vkSj lkIrkfgd fganqLrku] fnueku vkSj tulÙkk tSls dqN v[kckj ekfld] lkIrkfgd Fks] tks dyk&laLd`fr ds ljksdkjksa ls tw>rs FksA cktkjokn ds opZLo vkSj laiknd laLFkk ds {kj.k ds lkFk ;g ^dyk fparu* v[kckjh ekfydksa dh vk¡[kksa esa fdjfdjh&lk pqHkus yxkA dk;ZØe dh ljl fdarq rfud yEch leh{kkvksa vkSj lkaLd`frd jiVksa dks fujFkZd vkSj viBuh; ekuk tkus yxkA D;ksafd mruh lkjh v[kckjh dkWye lsaVhehVj Lisl esa îq#"kh; rkdr c<+kus okys rsy* ls ysdj ^veqd usrk&ea=kh&fo/kk;d ds tUefnu* ds foKkiuksa dks roTtks nh tk ldrh FkhA mles ek;k Hkh Fkh vkSj îk&ykxq* Hkh FkhA dyk leh{kk

dh dksbZ U;wlsal oSY;w Hkh ugha Fkh fd [kcj Nkirs gh dksbZ /kudqcsj vius dks"k dk }kj [kksy nsA jktuhfrd ^xIickth* vkSj oYyHk Hkou vkfn ea=kky;ksa esa fdlh vkyk vQlj ds lkFk pk;&ppkZ ds fupksM+ ;k dkWQh gkml cgl ds vkdyuksa dks ^Ldwi* dh rjg is'k fd;k tkus yxk vkSj 'kke dks Fkkuksa esa Qksu dkWy ls izkIr #fVuh vijk/k [kcjksa dks pkj dkWye esa Nik tkus yxkA 'kk;n blhfy, fou; us v[kckj dh ukSdjh dks jke&jke dgrs gq, viuh if=kdk&dyk le; dks vf/kd oä nsus dk eul cuk;k gksxkA dyk leh{kdksa vkSj dyk&laLd`fr fjiksVZjksa dk ,d cM+k naMuh; vijk/k ;g ekuk tkrk jgk fd budh #fp /kjuk&izn'kZu ]vkSj rRle dojst esa ugha jgrhA pqukaps v[kckj ds n¶rjksa esa 'kgj izeq[k dk #rck gkfly djus okys xq#&ekdkZ mi laiknd le; le; ij bu laLd`fr fjiksVZjksa dh ukd esa udsy Mkyus ds fy, mUgsa /kjuk] izn'kZu] jSfy;ksa vkSj py lekjksgksa ds dojst esa >ksadus yxs vkSj muds cnys esa [ksy] f'k{kk vkSj Økbe chV ns[kus okys fjiksVZj Hkkjr Hkou] johUnz Hkou vkSj ekuo laxzgky; vkfn lHkkxkjksa&ohfFk;ksa esa dHkh fonq"kh ekfyuh jktqjdj ds 'kkL=kh; [k;ky xk;u] iafMr f'kodqekj 'kekZ ds larwj vkSj la;qäk ikf.kxzgh ds vksfM'kh u`R; dks doj djus yxsA bldk Hk;kud urhtk v[kckjksa esa fn[kkbZ nsus yxkA lqf/k ikBdksa ds Qksu vkSj i=kksa ls ?kcjkdj bu prqj lqtku lEikndh; izca/kdksa us rqjar iSrjk cnykA vc lkjs lkaLd`frd fjiksVZjksa dks Li"V fgnk;r nh tkus yxh fd Hkwy ls Hkh fdlh izLrqfr dh dfe;ksa dks bafxr u fd;k tk;sA ;FkklaHko izLrqfr ds fo'ys"k.k ls cpk tk;sA mlds cnys lHkh dykdkjksa ds ¼eap ij@eap ijs ½ uke ns fn, tk;s vkSj ,d lqUnj&jaxhu vkSj HkO; fp=k] ftlesa T;knk ls T;knk dykdkj fn[ks] ;k fdlh dykdkj ¼;FkklaHko efgyk½ dh dksbZ mÙkstd ;k eksgd eqnzk utj vk;s] Nkik tk;sA lp dgw¡rks ,slk dj yxHkx Ms<+ n'kd iwoZ gh ^xaHkhj dyk&fpardksa* vkSj laLd`fr ds ig#vksa dh luluh[kst gR;k dh tk pqdh gSA ysfdu fdlh dks Hkh blds fy, ftEesnkj ugha ekuk x;k gSA vkt pkgs HkkLdj mBk;sa ;k if=kdk] ihiYl mBk;s ;k tkxj.k] lcds flVh i`"Bksa ij foxr 'kke ds lkaLd`frd dk;ZØeksa dh lqUnj fp=ke; [kcjsa gS tks cgqnk dykdkjksa ;k muds dk;ZØeksa ds vk;kstdksa }kjk gh eqgS;k djkbZ gksrh gSA dgha Hkh leh{kk ugha gS] dgha Hkh dyk ds lk/kdksa ij izdk'k Mkyus okyk ;k muds nnZ vFkok fparu dks mtkxj djus okyk vFkok ljdkj dks dV?kjs esa [kM+k djus dh {kerk j[kus okyk lk{kkRdkj ughaA ckWyhoqM dh gfLr;ksa ds

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

113 uxj i/kkjus ij fy, tkus okys QkSjh baVjO;wt esa ;gk¡ vkdj vkidks dSlk yxk\ vkSj vkids vkSj veqd ds chp ds laca/kksa dks ysdj ehfM+;k esa tks dgk x;k] ml ij vkidh D;k izfrfØ;k tSls ^CyaV* & Vhoh ,adj Vkbi iz'u&mÙkj Nirs gSa vkSj vxys fnu ls ml ^fjiksVZj* dks ist&Fkzh ds lkjs vlkbuesaV feyus yxrs gSaA ;s ,d lk/kkj.khd`r gky gS exj gLcsekewy ,dk/k viokn NksM+ nas rks ifjfLFkfr lc txg ,slh gh gSA i=k&if=kdk txr ij Nk;s ,sls oSpkfjd rel esa jgdj Hkh

fou; mik/;k; yxkrkj dykfparu esa jr gSa vkSj vkt mudh dbZ vFkksaZ esa ,dkdh vkSj ,dfu"B l`tu ;k=kk dks ehfM;k foe'kZ tSlh izfrf"Br if=kdk dh rjQ ls lEeku fey jgk gS] ;g ge lcds fy, csgn [kq'kh&vk'ofLr dk {k.k gSA vk;kstdksa vkSj bl lEeku gsrq xfBr fu.kkZ;dksa dks esjk lknj ueu vkSj fou; ds da/ks ij ,d e`nqy Fkidh] ftldk eryc oks tkurs gSaA ¼7@2@2015½

Hkksiky dh lq[kn ;knsa &f'kokuan f}osnh ^lgj* foxr 7 ,oa 8 Qjojh dks Hkksiky 'kgj esa FkkA volj Fkk ek[kuyky prqosZnh i=kdkfjrk fo'ofo|ky; esa tulapkj foHkkx ds foHkkxk/;{k Jh lat; f}osnh }kjk vk;ksftr ia- c`tyky f}osnh lEeku lekjksg dkA ;s esjk lkSHkkX; jgk fd eq> tSls ukSfl[kq, dks Hkh vknj.kh; lat; f}osnh th us cqyk;k FkkA dk;ZØe dk izFke l=k ek[kuyky ds gh iqjkus ,oa orZeku Nk=kksa ds uke lefiZr FkkA eSa vkSj esjs fe=k i`Fkd th gh 'kk;n viokn FksA fgUnqLrku VkbEl vkWuykbu ds iz[kj i=kdkj HkkbZ vadqj fot;oxhZ; us eq>ls dgk fd vkidks Hkh Nk=kksa ls laokn esa dqN cksyuk gksxkA >wB ugha cksyw¡xk] eS eap dk vkneh gwaA eap vkSj ekbd feyk rks ekyk dh t#jr ugha iM+rhA eq>s lks'ky ehfM;k ij cksyuk gh mfpr yxkA i=kdkfjrk ds mHkjrs ,oa LFkkfir flrkjksa ds chp ftl lEeku ls vadqj th us eq>s eap ij cqyk;k] ,d feuV ds fy, rks ;s vfHkeku&lk vk x;k fd ge Hkh dqN gSa! D;k cksyrk ogka exj cgqr dqN cksykA mldh ,d ykbu ;gka Hkh fy[kuk pkgw¡xkA lks'ky ehfM;k ij cksyrs gq, eSus dgk fd ßvkt ds lkS&nks lkS lky ckn* tc bfrgkl dks dky ds iVy ij dky[kaMksa esa ckaVk tk,xk rks bZlk iwoZ o bZlk ckn dh ctk; dky[kaMksa dks ^chQksj lks'ky ehfM;k ,oa vkW¶Vj lks'ky ehfM;k* ds rkSj ij tkuk tk,xkAÞ [kSj] mlh fnu la;ksx ls lat; th dk tUefnol Hkh Fkk] lks Hkk"k.k dk ,d fgLlk LokHkkfod rkSj ij mudks lefiZr fd;kA lp dgw¡rks cM+k vPNk yxk Nk=kksa ds chp cksydj! lcls T;knk vPNk rks rc eglwl gqvk tc vknj.kh; lat; th us /kU;okn Kkiu ds Øe esa esjs uke dk ftØ dqN vyx gh vankt esa fd;kA cM+k gkSlyk feykA

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

dk;ZØe esa ofj"B lkfgR;dkj Jh fxjh'k iadt th] Jh t;izdk'k ekul th ls Hkh eqykdkr gqbZA pyrs&pyrs lat; th us ,d Le`fr&fpUg Hkh Fkek fn;k] tks Le`fr;ksa dh bckjr lnSo gh esjs eu&efLr"d ij fy[krk jgsxkA dk;ZØe dk f}rh; ,oa izeq[k l=k rks vkSj Hkh 'kkunkj jgk ,oa Jh fou; mik/;k; th dks lEeku fn;k x;kA ,d ckr dk ftØ vkSj d#¡A lat; th dk vkfrF; yktokc jgrk gSA eS yxHkx 36 ?kaVs Hkksiky jgk] ysfdu ,d ckj Hkh dgha ugh yxk fd lat; th esjs ikl ugha gSaA ;dhu ekfu,] bl dk;ZØe esa lkS vfrfFk yxHkx vk;s gksaxs vkSj lHkh dks yxk gksxk fd lat; th muds lkFk cSBs gSaA bl vkfrF; esa HkkbZ iadt dqekj th Vªsu ls mrjus ds ckn ls gh gekjs fy, yx x;s tcfd ykSVrs le; lat; th ds f'k"; HkkbZ vadqj th Vªsu esa gekjs fy, uk'rk igqapok,A ,slk lRdkj eSaus thou esa dHkh ugha ns[kkA xtc dk vk;kstu jgkA eSaus lat; th ls cksy fn;k fd vc vxj vkxs ls vkius ges u cqyk;k rks Lor% vk tk;saxsA [kSj] ,d 'kkunkj vk;kstu] ,d 'kkunkj eqykdkr ,oa ,d 'kkunkj ;k=kk ds ckn reke Le`fr;k¡lesVs fnYyh vk;k rks yxk fd nks fnu ds fy, rks ge Hkksikyh gks x;s FksA oSls Nk=kksa dk lat; th ds izfr tks vknj fn[kk oks cgqr de gh xq#vksa dks ulhc gksxkA ckr&eqykdkr esa bysDVªkWfud ehfM;k ds foHkkxk/;{k Jhdkar flag th ,oa fe=k ,oa ek[kuyky ds gh lgk;d izk/;kid MkW lkSjHk ekyoh; th dk Hkh [kwc lkFk feykA lq[kn ;k=kk] lq[kn ;knsaA /kU;okn lat; thA ¼vius Qslcqd oky ij fnukad 11 Qjojh] 2015 dks ;g fVIi.kh dhA½

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ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

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ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

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ehfM;k foe'kZ

tuojh&ekpZ 2015

'kh?kz izdk';&

y{;fu"B y[khjke

Jh y[khjke vxzoky Le`fr xzaFk

30 ekpZ 2015

laidZ ehfM;k foe'kZ] 428] jksfgr uxj] Qst&1] bZ&8 ,DlVsa'ku] Hkksiky & 462039 ¼e-iz-½ eksckby& 09893598888] bZ&esy& mediavimarsh@gmail.com

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