ABPL20033 - Construction Analysis, Semester 1 - 2019 Dr Sofia Colabella, Subject coordinator Dion Keech, Tutor Louis (Luyao) Zhang, 914946, 31/05/2019 Queenscliff House (John Wardle Architects), Tutorial 10 ASSIGNMENT 3
FLIPBOOK SECTION 3D: Layers of information
1. STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS, BELOW GROUND HOW DID THE SITE CONDITIONS AFFECT THE DESIGN OF THE HOUSE? Located in an ocean-bearing suburb and immediately next to the beach, the views afforded and ecology of the site completely governs the design of the house. Here, design considerations seek to offer a solution that satisfies each the notions of: 1. Prospect: the layout of the house allows the living, dining areas, as well as some bedrooms, to capture the view of the sea with large glazed openings. This affirms the site's unique affordance of ocean-views. The open plan of the first floor living quarters and veranda further invites the expansive ocean views to permeate through the house. 2. Passive design: the eastern glazing of the house allows the sea breeze to ventilate the home, while the north facing courtyard and specifically designed eaves allow in sunlight during winter to heat the home. 3. Resilience: corrosive beach winds and harsh sunlight requires the house to respond with specific design interventions. Steel members and bolts across the project are all to be coated with zinc to galvanize and protect from corrosion due to salt exposure. The roof sheeting is made of stainless steel also for this reason. Further, spotted gum cladding is used to express this harsh weathering since it acquires a desirable appearance after being subjected to corrosive winds and harsh sunlight. To combat the intense wind, lateral bracing is used in both the roof structure and walls to combat live lateral loads brought about. The ground condition of loose sandy soil also required deeper-than-usual excavation, and the non-binding nature of sand required bore piers and excavating into neighbouring property.
Horizontal
Vertical
The concrete stumps, stump footings, and the engaged brick pers serve as supports for the suspended timber floor structure. Timber bearers will sit above them.
All ground foundation/ structural elements are to be excavated at least 100mm into natural sands
Concrete Stumps Concrete Stump Footings Engaged Brick Piers
Natural Sands
Vertical STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS (BELOW GROUND
Horizontal
Concrete Strip Footing
Top Soil
Concrete Pad Footings Ground The concrete strip footing supports the in-situ concrete wall. It is poured in-situ and is reinforced with steel mesh
The concrete pad footings (as well as some stump footings) support structural steel columns, transfering their load down into the ground
Ground Concrete Strip Footing
Top Soil
Engaged Brick Piers
Top Soil Concrete Stumps
Natural Sands
Concrete Stump Footings Engaged Brick Piers
Concrete Pad Footings
Natural Sands Concrete Stump Footings
Concrete Strip Footing
Concrete Pad Footings Concrete Stumps
EXPLODED ISOMETRIC (Not to Scale)
DRAWING NO.
01
PROJECT NAME:
DRAWING NAME:
QUEENSCLIFF HOUSE (John Wardle Architects)
STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS, BELOW GROUND
1:50 @A3
Ground floor structure composes of bearers and joists, steel columns extend from concrete footings and support the first floor.
2. STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS, ABOVE GROUND
Timber Joists
Timber Stud Walls
HOW DOES THE STRUCTURE DEFINE THE COMPOSITION OF ARCHITECTURAL FORM AND SPACE? The structure and the composition of architectural form/volume/space are reciprocal in their definition of one another. To achieve a large open plan area hosting the living and dining spaces on the first storey, for example, the first floor structure cantilevers over the ground floor with LVL HySpan joists above steel columns to the south, and with Square Hollow Section members and Parallel Flange Channels to the east. While there is no other reason for these cantilevers to be present (apart from the need for eaves to the ground floor, which may be achieved in ways much less complicated), these structural complexities are requisite of the architectural desire to accentuate the open plan of the first floor. The reverse is true when considering the ground floor bedrooms (3&4) – the partitioning wall between the two, which in effect determine the spatial characteristics of the two rooms, is at least in part determined by the maximum allowable span of timber beams above, and houses two steel columns that are integral as support.
Timber Bearers
Horizontal Ground Floor STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS (ABOVE GROUND)
Steel Columns
Vertical
LVL HySpan Beams First Floor
Horizontal Vertical
Steel Columns
LVL HyJoists
Portal Framing
Timber Stud Walls
Roof Horizontal The first floor composes of a cantilevered PFC supported by HySpan beams, which supports the spanning HyJoists. Steel columns, stud walls, and portal framing support the roof structure.
Timber Roof Battens
Steel PFC
Steel Ridge Beams Timber Soldiers
Timber Rafters Timber Roof Battens
Timber Roof Battens
Timber Soldiers Roof Timber Rafters Horizontal
Steel Ridge Beams
Timber Soldiers Timber Rafters Steel Ridge Beams Portal Framing
Portal Framing
Steel Columns Timber Stud Walls
First Floor
LVL HySpan Beams
Vertical Horizontal
LVL HyJoists
Timber Stud Walls LVL HySpan Beams LVL HyJoists
Steel PFC
Steel PFC Steel Columns
Steel Columns
Timber Stud Walls
Ground Floor Timber Stud Walls Vertical
Timber Joists Timber Bearers
DRAWING NO.
Horizontal
02
Timber Joists EXPLODED ISOMETRIC (Not to Scale)
Timber Bearers
PROJECT NAME:
DRAWING NAME:
QUEENSCLIFF HOUSE (John Wardle Architects)
STRUCTURAL SYSTEMS, ABOVE GROUND
1:50 @A3
3. INTERNAL (NON-LOAD-BEARING) PARTITIONS HOW DO THE INTERNAL PARTITIONS ORGANISE THE LIFE INSIDE THE BUILDING?
INTERNAL PARTITIONS
Life within the house is organized by partitions in the way which it defines certain thresholds. This can be a complete lack of partitioning, which results in a homogenous, mixed used space such as the living/dining/ kitchen areas on the first floor, or a semi permeable partitioning between the private and public with doors, such as between the ground floor corridor and bedroom 3 & 4. Functional thresholds are also determined with internal partitioning walls, such as between the ensuite bathroom and bedroom 3 - although the spaces are used by the same people, the bathroom is purely an utilitarian sector of life, and is thus separated from the quotidian, habitual space that is the bedroom. Internal partition with glazing is also used to interesting effect between the outdoor decking and the ground floor corridor - while the glazing already marks a diluted threshold between the corridor (inside) and outdoor decking (outside), the partition is further weakened by use of outdoor decking as flooring in the corridor, making it more akin to an outdoor space, albeit conditioned, sheltered, and sealed. Internal partitions are also used to conceal structural elements and to carry service wiring/piping.
Fixed
Stud Wall Between Bedrooms 3 & 4
Removable
Stud Wall Between Bedroom 3 & Ensuite
Concealing
Outrigger Concealant
The stud wall between Bedroom 3 and the ensuite is entirely non-load-bearing and sees no load bearing members adjacent to it. It can therefore be torn down/removed, allowing the space to be more adaptable. The wall also conceals plumbing for the ensuite as well as electrical wiring.
Although the stud wall is not load bearing, the steal columns in alignment with the stud wall are. This configuration of internal partitioning is therefore determinant and permanently fixed. Timber trimmers are used to conceal a jarring structural necessity, but also serve to providea chassis for insulation and waterproofing
Concealing
Outrigger Concealant *Note: External non-loadbearing walls also cannot be removed/ moved, since doing so would compromise the building's waterproof and insulative properties.
Removable
Stud Wall Between Bedroom 3 & Ensuite
External Non-LoadBearing Wall*
Fixed
Stud Wall Between Bedrooms 3 & 4
EXPLODED ISOMETRIC (Not to Scale)
DRAWING NO.
03
PROJECT NAME:
DRAWING NAME:
QUEENSCLIFF HOUSE (John Wardle Architects)
NTERNAL (NON-LOADBEARING) PARTITIONS
1:50 @A3
4. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONS HOW DID THE ARCHITECT APPROACH THE DESIGN OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONS? The architect largely designed environmental protections of the building to be concealed or disguised. Box gutters, which facilitated rainwater/stormwater collection on the roof, are hidden from view by being placed behind parapets. Glazing also feature concealed waterproofing features, such as silicon butt sills for the first floor clerestory windows, and concealed flashing between sill plates on sliding doors and windows. External awnings along the first storey glazing (against the balcony) are also concealed, facilitated with a through within the balcony soffit lining. However, there are elements of environmental protections that are expressed around the house - for example the spotted gum cladding is chosen for its eventual aesthetic when weathered as the physical enclosing element.
All external walls, as well as some internal walls (i.e. between bedroom 3 and the ensuite), the roof, and floors to conditioned areas are insulated to modulate the internal temperature against outside fluctuations. The reflective foil in the roof reflected heat caused by solar radiation
R3.2 (2xR1.6) Batts Reflective foil
Waterproofing ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONS
Horizontal Vertical
Insulation Flashing
Wall
R4.0 Batts
Roof
R2.5 Batts
Floor
Rhino Wrap Sarking
Opening
Breathable waterproof sarking (Rhino Wrap) is used against on the external bearing walls as well as above the roof battens to prevent the ingress of moisture and water which will compromise structural integrity and insulation. Breathable srking is used in conjunction with cavity sealants depending on the type of external cladding - the cement sheet cladding has particular cavity trimmers.
Zinc Flashing* All openings in the building envelope are coupled with flashing on both the head and sill plates, as well as the jambs. This prevents the ingress of water in a high wind environment.
Rhino Wrap Sarking *Note: Flashing, roof sheeting, box gutters, downpipes, and external cladding all contribute to environmental protections of the house. they will, however, be covered in Drawing 06 (Physical Enclosures Systems)
Reflective Foil Blanket
R4.0 Gold Batts
R3.2 (2xR1.6) Soundscreen Batts
R2.5 Soundscreen Batts
Insulation batts is snuggly fitted between rafters/floor joists/ timber studs, while sarking is wrapped towards the exterior face of the wall.
DRAWING NO.
04
EXPLODED ISOMETRIC (Not to Scale)
PROJECT NAME:
DRAWING NAME:
QUEENSCLIFF HOUSE (John Wardle Architects)
ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTIONS
1:50 @A3
5. MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
Gas is used to heat water, and for the gas stove in the kitchen. Connected to gas mains
DID THE ARCHITECT ORGANISE THE INTERNAL SPACES TO PLACE SERVICES EFFICIENTLY? The organization of internal areas does indeed allow for strategicand efficient placement of services. This is most obvious in view of the plumbing - the kitchen is placed directly above the ground floor ensuite, reducing the complexity and amount of piping needed to facilitate the mutual hot/cold water connections, sewerage lines, and gas connections. From this central area, specifically designed hydrolic trenches are allocated to carry plumbing to other areas for heating/domestic use. Also in the kitchen is a centred placement of telecommunication equipment such as phones and modems - the central location that the modem takes on in amongst the house then allows for the best wi-fi coverage possible.
Plasterboard
Gas Supply ESSENTIAL SERVICES
Water Supply Electricity
Hot Water Cold Water
HVAC
Hot water is gas heated (continuous/instantaneous boiler) and readied for use after mixing with cold water (mixing valve) Cold water is provided by a connection to the mains water, as well as from the rainwater tank when rainwater is available.
The electric circuit is connected to the switchboard and all light fixtures, switches, General Power Outlets, smoke alarms. Electricity is drawn and used from the electricity meter.
Floor/Ceiling Member The exhaust fan in the kitchen is part of the Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system. Outside the alocated section, hydronic heaters and air conditioning are also present.
Stud Frames
F Wiring and piping are clipped to stud frames and floor/ceiling members with screw-attached plastic clips before the drywall platerboard is applied. Fixing the piping and wiring to the structural members allow for a orderly and organized layout that is fit for maintenance, and negates rattling noises from un-fixed piping.
C
The hydrolic trench houses plumbing between floor joists where there isn't drywall to conceal the plumbing (i.e. next to the balcony window).
G H
Legend
E EXPLODED ISOMETRIC (Not to Scale)
DRAWING NO.
05
F
Exhaust Fan
G
Gas Connection
C
Cold Water Connection
H
Hot Water connection
E
Electricity
PROJECT NAME:
DRAWING NAME:
QUEENSCLIFF HOUSE (John Wardle Architects)
MECHANICAL AND ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS
1:50 @A3
6. PHYSICAL ENCLOSURES SYSTEMS
PHYSICAL ENCLOSURE SYSTEMS
DO THE PHYSICAL ENCLOSURES EXPRESS EACH ASPECT OF THE BUILDING? The spatial characteristic of the building interior is expressed with glazing and varied finishing. For example, the open, sweeping and airy spatial characteristics of the living/dining areas are augmented with large areas of enclosing glazing. The glazing, facing out towards the sea, relates the large open internal space to the seascape, making the internal space feel larger than it actually is. The pale paint used in these areas then allows light to fill the space and the space attains an atmosphere that is light, airy, and roomy. The structure, on the other hand, is largely concealed rather than expressed by the physical enclosures. For example, the first floor ceiling conceals the roof structure, which is in fact offset from the rafters with timber soldiers and roof battens. Finally, in terms of materiality, the external spotted-gum cladding, decking, as well as timber veneer soffit linings all strive towards an organicity, with a palette working in harmony with the dune-scape around the site. The Spotted-Gum cladding, especially, grows to express and affirm the building’s material context by reflecting the harsh weather which it endures.
Horizontal
Roof
Vertical
Roof Sheeting Flashing Soffit Linings
Walls
Windows
External Cladding
Cement Sheet Cladding Spotted Gum Cladding
Box Gutter
Corrugated stainless steel roof sheeting encloses the top of the building - the corrugations divert rain/storm water into the box gutters. Zinc downdrips and J-channels are used at the roof sheetings edge and around openings. They are specially designed to prevent the ingress of water.
The box gutter is concealed behind a parapet around the roof's edge. It collects rainwater, and ith a gentle built in gradient allows it to pass through downpipes into the rainwater tank. Cement sheet and spotted gum cladding, are bolted/ fastened outside the waterproof sarking on wall, protecting the structural intergrity of the house's external walls.
Parapet Box Gutter Zinc Flashing Stainless Steel Roof Sheet
Spotted Gum Cladding
Waterproof Sarking
Tasmanian Oak Window Frame
Cement Sheet Cladding
SECTIONAL ISOMETRIC (Not to Scale) EXPLODED ISOMETRIC (Not to Scale)
DRAWING NO.
06
PROJECT NAME:
DRAWING NAME:
QUEENSCLIFF HOUSE (John Wardle Architects)
PHYSICAL ENCLOSURES SYSTEMS
1:50 @A3