WHITE BAY ENERGY INNOVATION HUB 11552 Master architecture design studio Tutor: Matthew Pullinger Student: Lu Bai
Design report
Content page
P.1
PART 1
MASTERPLAN SUMMARY
P.2 - P.8
PART 2
PROJECT RELATED RESEARCH
P.8 - P.27
PART 3
PROJECT DRAWING SET
P.28 - P.52
PART1
MASTERPLAN SUMMARY
OVERVIEW
P.3 - P.4
CONCEPT
P.5 - P.6
DRAWINGS
P.7 - P.8
OVERVIEW
P.3
Connect Sydney to the Globe
∞ '
∞ 5
MASTERPLAN SUMMARY
MASTERPLAN SUMMARY
OVERVIEW
P.4
A Technology Cluster
COLLABORATION - INNOVATION - OUTSTANDING Innovative business that collaborate with Researchers are 2.4 Times more likely to report increased productivity. Through the COLLABORATION between Research, industry and government, the Idea seek and be carried all the way from laboratory bench to end user application and directly contribute to economic growth, innovation and create shared value.
Residential
Recreation Greenways
SOFTWARE
International Coporations
International Coporations Supportive Service
MEDIA
Industry led Collaborative Partnerships centred around NSW industry sectors bring together: Business, Research organisations and Industry associations. To share information, direct research and collaborate through shard projects to drive innovation and create shared value.
Local Firms
Training
Research Centre
University Labs Local Firms MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY KNOWLEDGE HUB
Residential
CREATIVE DIGITAL Residential
Knowledge Hubs are Industry led Collaborative Partnerships centered around NSW industry sectors. They bring together Businesses, Research organisations and Industry associations. The purpose is to share information, direct research and collaborate through shared projects to drive innovation and create shared value.
International Coporations
-
Local Firms
Promopt Collaboration Advocate integration between Research & Industry Encourage research driven innovation Propose a Work-Live Environment Celebrite Heritiage fabric and faclitated for new use
MASTERPLAN SUMMARY
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CONCEPT
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MASTERPLAN SUMMARY
HIGH TECH KNOWLEDGE HUB
Glebe island
CONCEPT
P.6
ENHANCE AUSTRALIAN LIFESTLE
blackwattle bay
ATTRACTIVE CULTURE CENTRE
white bay
NATURAL ENVIROMENT
rozelle bay
MASTERPLAN SUMMARY
GREEN BELT
DRAWING
DESTINATIONS
P.7
LIGHTRAIL
INTERCHANGE
MASTERPLAN SUMMARY
DRAWING
P.8
PART2
PROJECT RELATED RESEARCH
THE CONTEXT
P.10 - P.11
THE ISSUE AND PROBLEM
P.12 - P.16
THE POTENTIAL & BENEFITS
P.17 - P.23
CONSERVATION & ADAPTIVE REUSE
P.24 - P.26
PROJECT RELATED RESEARCH
THE CONTEXT
P.10
Location: White Bay Power Station T
HISTORICAL HERITAGE
F L
REG ION AL MULTIPLE MODES MAI N C IRC OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT U
LAT
Size: 4.43 ha
ION
PUBLIC OPEN SPACE
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Building footprint: 1.27 ha
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Orientation: South-west
ECOLOGY CULTURE
CLUSTER
LIFE STYLE
ferry lightrail metro
PROJECT RELATED RESEARCH
THE CONTEXT
P.11
MULLEN
S
Higher historical & cultural value Higher level of pedestrian accessibility More visually attractive Closer to waterfront Mixture of multiple urban condition
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1
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NORTHERN PENSTOCK
High level of legibility from far away makes the power station a historical and cultural landmark.
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ROBERT STREET ENTRY
2
Adaptable space for various potential usage due to large scale and mix mode of transportation.
AMENITIES BLOCK
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Rare industrial structure attracts people to look up and focus as the visiual cone gets narrower.
1 Magnificant structure from different angles, each part represent a step in historical energy genereation.
2
HAN YAR DLING D
6
Interesting shifts and mix of different material indicating different functions.
7
Difference in height indicate different spatial quality and usage.
8
Less attracting as this part of the building is mostly blocked by fence and it has less intresting form.
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Eye-catching magnificant building structure draws attention.
COA
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UPPER SOUTH YARD
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MID SOUTH YARD
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WHITE BAY HOTEL
SOUTHERN PENSTOCK (railway land)
More flexibility in adaptive reuse Higher level of vehicle accessibility Closer to ecological zone More vacant floor space
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PROJECT RELATED RESEARCH
THE ISSUE AND PROBLEM CARBON EMISSION
CLIAMGE CHANGE Climates can change due to the effect of the natural processes that happen in the ecosystems of the world such as thru the suns radiation heating the earth’s surface, volcanic eruptions, and internal changes within the system. Human activity has also had a dramatic effect on the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere since the increased industrial activity and the burning of fossil fuels. These particles get caught in the atmosphere and help to heat the earth’s surface by trapping the heat and not allowing the earth to cool down. Man’s activities have also changed the shape of the earth’s surface and the types of land uses undertaken. These changes can have a long term detrimental effect to our weather patterns and result in changing climatic conditions. Carbon dioxide levels in the earths atmosphere fluctuate naturally but scientific evidence has proven that over the last 20 or so years, the speed at which the increases in temperature have occurred is escalating .Even the smallest of temperature increases can have irreversible effects on the long term sustainability of the earths climate.(Takepart2013)
World Primary Fuel Mix Annual consumption for Electrcity
Scientists around the globe, have, for generations collected data pertaining to the locality in which they specialize, usually on a national level and they utilise this information to predict change in the environment and the potential impacts it will have on society. Human existence is reliant on the biodiversity of the earth both directly and indirectly for health and well being. We rely on nature to provide us with food, materials and energy to help us sustain our existence. So we must protect and conserve this resource, no matter what technological enhancement we may invent to make the process more economically viable and socially acceptable.
Fuel Type for Electricity
RENEWABLE 14% GAS 13%
NT 2.1
Others 16.3%
COAL 73%
QLD 46.2
Coal 27.4% WA 20.1
Crude oil 33.5%
SA 18.2
Natural gas 22.8%
NSW 85.9 PJ
RENEWABLE 13% GAS 7% COAL 80%
VIC 42.0 World Primary Fuel Mix, 2008. Chart by Dave Waldorf. Data source: EIA Annual Energy Review 2008 (released June 2009)
TAS 8.5
EMISSION from energy consumption CO2 Emissions per Capita While energy use affects household and business related costs, it also impacts the environment, accounting for more than three quarters (77%) of Australia’s total greenhouse emissions in 2009.
18.6 18.0 16.3
12.0 9.6 8.5
With more than 85% of the worlds energy supply coming from the burning of fossil fuels (due to their abundance of supply), the relative cheap cost to extract and the ease to convert them into energy, makes the change to renewable energy a tough task. Fossil fuels are a non-renewable resource which can only be used once. The burning of Fossil fuels causes many forms of pollution, including acid rain, it also releases greenhouse gases into the atmosphere.
P.12
7.4
CO2 Emissions per capita from energy consumption SAUDI ARABIA 19.85 AUSTRALIA 18.02 UNITED STATES 17.62 SOUTH KOREA 12.53 UNITED KINGDOM 7.92
5.9
5.5 CHINA 6.52 2.1 1.5
BRAZIL 2.41 0.1
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Ecological Footprint
Americans 9.5
Canadians 7.8
Australians 7.1
Britons 5.3
Japanese Germans 4.9 4.2
Chinese 2.1
World average 2
PROJECT RELATED RESEARCH
THE ISSUE AND PROBLEM WASTE RELATED CARBON EMISSION
AUD ELECTRICITY OUTAGE0 2014
Queensland South Australia Victoria
average number of people affected per outage
total number of people affected by outages
total duration of outage
total number of outage
229,851
501 min
22
10,945
23 min
94,280
/
9
10,476
/
421,480
331 min
25
16,859
13 min
Western Australia
17,007
New South Wales
172,983
P.13
average duration of outage
3,145 min
8
2,126
393 min
940 min
38
4,552
25 min
EMISSION from household waste 11.8% RENOVATIONS
60% of household greenhouse gas emission is from food and goods we purchase.
20% HOUSEHOLD USE
10.5% TRANSPORT
29.4% GOODS AND SERVICES
1TON WASTE=180M 180M3 BIOGAS=992KWH 28.3% FOOD
INNER RING
faculty equipment human error (6) weather (16)falling trees
SECOND
OUTER
GHG TON PER CAPITA (T)
Marrickville
58 276
18.78
Leichhardt Botany Bay
82 800 54 923
25.74
Mosman
123 235
22.34
North Sydney Woollahra
85 459 96 455
25.74 22.34
Ku ring gai
87 036
25.74
Manly Bankstown Warringah Blacktown
80 47 65 49
622 071 442 729
25.74 17.55 30.05 17.55
Blue Mountains Campbelltown
52 641 47 071
19.33 17.55
In theory, increased wealth could enable individuals to purchase higher quality products which are more enviromentally friendly. Similarly, higher level of education might increase people’s awareness to sustainability.
unkown (8) vehicle accident (3)
CAR SHARE
7.85
22%
65%
6.87
52%
70%
6.50
74%
89%
5.98
86%
90%
ECO FOOTPRINT
19.33
planned (3)
However, increased wealth is leading to more spending, more consumtion and more serious enviromental hazards. Every $100 on clothing generates 70kg of greenhouse gas emissioN. Australian spend $10 billion a year on goods they do not use. Every additional $1 of consumtion was responsible for 720g of greenhouse pollution
DETACHED HOUSING
30.05
animal (2)
AVERAGE WAGE ($)
21.78
CORE
LGA
19.96
ZONE
17.46
Household Consumption comparison among zones
PROJECT RELATED RESEARCH
THE ISSUE AND PROBLEM
P.14
EMISSION PER CAPITA ZONES
GOSFORD
HAWKESBURY
HORNSBY BAULKHAM HILLS
PITTWATER
BLUE MOUNTAINS
WARRINGAH KU RING GAI PENRITH BLACKTOWN
MANLY RYDE WILLOUGHBY
PARRAMATTA LANE COVE
HOLROYD MOSMAN HUNTERS HILL
NORTH SYD
AUBURN CONCORD DRUMMOYNE
FAIRFIELD STRATHFIELD BURWOOD
WOOLLAHRA
LEICHHARDT SYDNEY
WAVERLY
MARRICKVILLE BANKSTOWN RANDWICK
LIVERPOOL
CANTERBURY
BOTANY ROCKDALE
HURSTVILLE
CAMDEN
WOLLONDILLY
CAMPBELLTOWN
SUTHERLAND SHIRE KEY
GHG TONS PER CAPITA
CORE
30.05
INNER RING
21.78
SECOND
19.76
OUTER
17.46
PROJECT RELATED RESEARCH
THE ISSUE AND PROBLEM
P.15
CURRENT RENEWABLE ENERGY
NSW RENEWABLE ENERGY PROJECTS Lismore Tenterfield
Moree Inverell
Grafton
Glen Innes
Coffs Harbour
Narrabri Armidable
Tamworth
Port Macquarie
Quirindi
Nyngan
Broken Hill Muswellbrook Wellington Singleton
Mudgee
Cessnock Newcastle Orange Lithgow Gosford Blayney Blackheath Katoomba
Cowra
Cessnock Wentworth Picton Newscastle
Grittith Wollongong Crookwell Hay Yass
Goulburn Nowra Gosford
Wagga Wagga Tumut Hydro
Canberra Queenbeyan
Richmond
Denliquin Wind Photovoltaic
Albury
Sydney
Solar Thermal Biomass
Medium solar (>15 MJ/m2 per day)
Gooma
Camden Campbelltown
Bagasse Cogeneration Bega Landfill Gas
Highest solar (>20 MJ/m2 per day)
Eden
Wollongong
Sewage Gas Geothermal (potential)
Highest geothermal (80-270 degree at 5km below sea level)
Wave Energy High Voltage Powerlines
Highest wind
Port Kembla
PROJECT RELATED RESEARCH
THE ISSUE AND PROBLEM
CURRENT RENEWABLE ENERGY
P.16
WHITE BAY POWER STATION POTENTIAL - BASED ON HISTORICAL RESEARCH
Full-time equivalent employment in renewable energy in Australia TRAM LINE TRAIN LINE Expansion of northern line was powered by white bay power station.
12,590 jobs 2013-2014
Photovoltaic 6,120 49%
Hydropower 1,810 14%
Wind power 2,690 21%
Institutions 1,170 9%
Others 800 7%
Eastern & western line was powered by ultimo and white bay power stations. SUBMARINE CABLE SUPPLIES POWER to north shore from white bay power station
NSW Renewable energy projects, investment, August 2014 Project status
Under construction 597 1.4 3,040 6,975
Installed Capacity (MW) Investment ($ billion) Direct Jobs Indirect Jobs
Approved
Seeking approval 5,456 7.3 27,771 63,727
2,935 5.9 14,942 34,286
NSW Existing jobs supported by renewable energy industry, August 2014
BALMAIN WHITE BAY PYRMONT
4,409 JOBS
754 wind
2,171 solar pv
203 solar water heater
746 hydro
510 biomass
20 solar thermal
ULTIMO
BUNNERONG
PROJECT RELATED RESEARCH
THE POTENTIAL AND BENEFITS
P.17
PRECEDENT STUDY - HOW OTHER PEOPLE SOLVE THE PROBLEM INFORMATION IN THIS FOLLOWING SECTION COLLECTED FROM RESEARCH. SOME WORDS AND IMAGES ARE NOT MAY OWN WORK.
A SMARTER ENERGY GRID
In developing this Renewable Energy Master Plan detailed research was undertaken into world renewable energy best practice, the mix of renewable energy resources and technologies deployed and in particular, how other countries were overcoming the intermittency of renewable energy generation in their move towards a 100% renewable energy future, particularly in Europe, which is currently far ahead of Australia in terms of climate change and renewable energy targets and delivery. The European renewable energy model is also acting as a model for the US and Asian economies as countries seek to become energy independent and reduce their emissions. The integrated smart grid system being developed by advanced economies in Europe shows how electricity, heat and gas can be integrated to provide a 100% non-intermittent renewable energy system. Renewable gas developed from waste converted into substitute natural gas and injected into the gas grid, the use of ‘power to gas’ technologies for surplus renewable electricity from intermittent renewable electricity generation technologies such as solar and wind converted into renewable hydrogen or renewable gas and injected into the gas grid and heat recovered from decentralised electricity generation for supplying heating and cooling are key features of such a system. A key reason why renewable electricitY is converted into renewable hydrogen or renewable gas for injection into the gas grid is that transporting electricity is 20 times more expensive than transporting the same amount of energy via a gas pipeline5. Existing gas grids also automatically provide low cost energy storage for renewable electricity and gas pipelines are buried underground and not exposed to high winds, storms or cyclones providing a significant contribution to security of supply and climate change adaptation.
PROJECT RELATED RESEARCH
THE POTENTIAL AND BENEFITS
P.18
PROJECT RELATED RESEARCH
THE POTENTIAL AND BENEFITS
P.19
PROJECT RELATED RESEARCH
Buildings, whether residential, industrial or commercial, can use onsite renewable energy technology to generate electricity and heating for the building. A small, local renewable power plant within the city could generate power for consumption within the local distribution network. Electricity produced at a great distance from cities requires major transmission and distribution infrastructure and its associated costs. These inefficiencies increase consumers’ electricity bills and the amount of greenhouse gas emissions. Therefore, there is greater value in generating renewable energy close to where it will be consumed. Generating renewable electricity and replacing natural gas with renewable gases to supply a decentralised trigeneration energy network would be a significant step for decarbonising Sydney.
THE POTENTIAL AND BENEFITS
P.20
PROJECT RELATED RESEARCH
THE POTENTIAL AND BENEFITS
P.21
PROJECT RELATED RESEARCH
For shading in public open space
THE POTENTIAL AND BENEFITS
EXHIBITION & PUBLIC EDUCATION
Between 2001 and 2011, Renewable Energy Certificate data shows that the number of households installing solar energy units greatly increased, rising from 118 in 2001 to 85,550 in 2009, before sharply increasing to 639,803 in 2011.
P.22
PROJECT RELATED RESEARCH
THE POTENTIAL AND BENEFITS
INNOVATIVE ENERGY SOURCE - BIOFUEL POWER GENERATION FROM RENEWABLE ENERGY algae biofuel
What is the best way?
Is this how the future look like?
P.23
PROJECT RELATED RESEARCH
CONSERVATION & ADAPTIVE REUSE
P.24
WHITE BAY POWER STATION CONSERVATION MANAGEMENT PLAN
OPPORUNITY & ISSUE & POLICY
INFORMATION IN THIS FOLLOWING SECTION COLLECTED FROM RESEARCH. SOME WORDS AND IMAGES ARE NOT MAY OWN WORK.
This intactness is dependent upon the retention of the full suite of structures, spaces and machinery which comprise the complete “slice” of the power generation process from coal handling to power reticulation
HERITAGE MACHINERY
HISTORY
It contains structures, machinery and spaces of exceptional significance, both internally and externally and has strong contextual associations with other former and current industrial and infrastructure sites in the area.
White Bay Power Station retains extant components of eight operational systems which are a representative sample only of the original machinery at White Bay Power Station.
White Bay Power Station was built by the NSW Rail Commissioners originally to provide power for the growing rail network. As demand for power increased across the city, it gradually produced more and more electricity for general use along with the other Power Stations at Ultimo, Pyrmont and Balmain until the more efficient power stations built on the coal fields outside Sydney took over supply in the latter half of the 20th century. This allowed the city power stations to be closed down. Pollution from these had always been a problem. By the 1970s, demand for power from White Bay had diminished to such an extent that the second boiler house was pulled down and the turbines sold off. The power station ceased generating power on Christmas Day 1983. it was still used as an electricity sub-station for a number of years.
CONTEXT & VISIBILITY In order to retain the visibility and prominence of the White Bay Power Station as a harbourside landmark, it should not be substantially obscured by any development on nearby sites. Any development being proposed in the vicinity of the White Bay Power Station must carefully consider its bulk, scale and placement in order to respect the visibility and prominence of the power station as a harbourside landmark. Those views from major axial approaches such as Anzac Bridge, Glebe Point Road, Johnston Street Annandale, City West Link, Victoria Road (from north west), Mullens Street and Robert Street must be maintained as substantially unobstructed views.
CULTURAL SIGNIFICANCE
the unique ability to demonstrate, by its location, massing, design, machinery and associated archives, the influence and dominance that early power-generating technology exerted on the lives and urban fabric of inner cities in the first half of the 20th century. The extant items within the surviving operational systems are of an impressive scale and exhibit a high degree of creative and technical achievement in their design and configuration. All aspects of the generation of electrical power, and represent all phases from the inter-war period through to the more sophisticated technologies of the mid 20th century. They are of exceptional technical significance with research potential to yield information not available from any other source.
B
Aesthetically White Bay Power Station contains internal and external spaces of exceptional significance. These spaces include raw industrial spaces of a scale, quality and configuration which is becoming increasingly rare and which inspire visitors and users alike. Externally it is a widely head of White Bay and the industrial waterfront. It aesthetic and is the most area.
recognised and highly visible landmark, marking the southern entry to the Balmain Peninsula and its retains a powerful physical presence and industrial important surviving industrial building in the
White Bay Power Station has strong and special associations and meanings for the local community, for former power station workers and for others who have used the site, and is of high social significance. It is a potent symbol of the area’s industrial origins and working traditions, aspects of community identity that are strongly valued today by both older and new residents. It is one of the few surviving features in the area that provide this symbolic connection. It is the only coal based industrial structure, dependant on a waterside location to survive adjacent to the harbour in the Sydney Region. It also forms part of a closely related group of large scale industrial
L
Each elevation of the power station complex presents a different characteristic of the place and relates in a different way to its context. The most visible components - 2 chimney stacks. They should both beretained as they are a crucial element in the identity and landmark qualities of the place. The long pitched roofs to the 1953 section of the Boiler House, the Turbine Hall and Switch House, with vented ridges and gabled ends should also be retained as elements visible from afar. The coal handling unit, specifically the elevator tower, inclined shaft conveyor and the motor room and transfer house at its top end attached to the Boiler House are prominent and distinctive, and clearly identify the industrial nature of the building and should be retained. The rusted finish has also been identified as significant.
Interpretability and educative ability to contribute to an understanding of the historical development and function of the White Bay Power Station as an industrial site.
PROJECT RELATED RESEARCH
CONSERVATION & ADAPTIVE REUSE
P.25
GRADE OF SIGNIFICANCE Grade 1: Exceptional Significance
Grade 2: High Significance
These spaces, structures or elements are of exceptional cultural significance.
These spaces, structures or elements are of high cultural significance and retain a high degree of significant fabric. They play an important role in strengthening and supporting the significance of the place, but less than that for Grade 1.
They play a crucial role in supporting the significance of the place and should be retained in their existing configuration. They are essential to an understanding of the significance of the place and demonstrate the process of power generation.
Adaptation and alteration of these spaces and elements is possible and new elements may be introduced which alter them as long as the integrity of the spaces and fabric and their original design intent is respected and, if possible, strengthened.
DESIGN THOUGHTS! Conserve all elements of this catergory and introduce public visit. The existing arrangement of these elements would construct the journey of potential journey for historical exhibition. DESIGN THOUGHTS! A walk-through experience. To introduce new use which responds to old usage in order to enhance the historical uses. Introduce new generation of energy production in these areas.
OMA - Taipei Performing Art Centre
???
green & sustainable - vegetation algea panels production’s by-product
energy production
Turbine hall
ash handling yard - dusty, polluted
SECTION
CONVEYOR TOWER MEZZANINE
TRANSFER
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3 2
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PLATFORM MEZZANINE GROUND BASEMENT
CONTROL ROOM
SWITCH HOUSE
TRANSF. ALLEY
TURBINE HALL
PUMP HOUSE
BOILER HOUSE
ASH HANDLING TOWER
COAL HANDLING SHED
SECTION
New generation of energy production CONVEYOR
Boiler house - Hot, Noisy TOWER
MEZZANINE
TRANSFER
3 3 2 1
3 2
2
MEZZ..
3 2 1
3 2 1
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1 G
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PLATFORM MEZZANINE GROUND BASEMENT
CONTROL ROOM
SWITCH HOUSE
historical exhibition
TRANSF. ALLEY
TURBINE HALL
PUMP HOUSE
BOILER HOUSE
ASH HANDLING TOWER
COAL HANDLING SHED
Combusion, Generation Process
PROJECT RELATED RESEARCH
CONSERVATION & ADAPTIVE REUSE
GRADE OF SIGNIFICANCE Grade 3: Moderate Significance These spaces, structures or elements retain some integrity but are of lesser cultural significance. They play a moderate role in supporting the significance of the place. These spaces and elements can be adapted and changed for other uses, and new openings made, but fabric or machinery of higher significance should be retained in situ in accordance with their ranking.
HERITAGE LISTINGS White Bay Power Station is listed on the following registers: t /48 4UBUF )FSJUBHF 3FHJTUFS 4)3 *UFN /P
t %SBGU 4ZEOFZ )BSCPVS 'PSFTIPSF "VUIPSJUZ 4 3FHJTUFS t 4ZEOFZ 3FHJPOBM &OWJSPONFOU 1MBO 43&1 /P *UFN
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t /BUJPOBM 5SVTU 3FHJTUF S DMBTTJGJFE JUFN
Any proposal to adaptively re-use the White Bay Power Station site must be considered with regard to the objectives contained in SREP 26. That is, to encourage a mix of nonresidential land uses which generate employment opportunities, particularly in relation to port and maritime uses and the working industrial nature of the Bays Precinct generally, and the place specifically.
Rail access could be reinstated along its original route both for interpretation purposes as well as servicing and maintenance which would need to be negotiated with both Sydney Ports and the State Rail Authority. Issues of access security will also require addressing to ensure safety and security of both the power station and neighbouring sites. White Bay Power Station was located close to the harbour for access to its water for cooling in the condensers and it would be desirable to establish an access to the water if this were possible. This would be dependant on the appropriateness of waterfront access to any future use of the power station. DESIGN THOUGHTS! To introduce new use which responds to old usage in order to enhance the historical uses. Introduce new generation of energy production in these areas. Power control
Switch room top level
Clean lake? Public Pool?
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lev el Top
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energy distribution
South west Transformer Yard
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Coal wash tank
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Potential future use include: t *OUFSQSFUBUJPO .VTFVN VTF t *OEVTUSJBM 8PSLTIPQ VTF t #VMLZ HPPET SFUBJM VTF t 7FOVF BOE GJMN MPDBUJPO t &EVDBUJPO VTF t $PNNFSDJBM PGGJDF VTF
P.26
PART3
PROJECT DRAWING SET
-
-
ASPIRATIONAL & FUNCTIONAL BRIEF
P.28 - P.30
PRECENDENT STUDY
P.31 - P.32
-
-
CONCEPT DIAGRAM
P.33 - P.36
PUBLIC REALM DESIGN
P.37 - P.41 -
DRAWINGS
P.42 - P.47 -
ELEVATIONS & FACADE DETAIL
P.48 - P.52 -
Through adaptive reuse, the old dirty coal fired power station is transformed into an energy innovation knowledge hub. This project comprises restoration of the existing structure, a brand new extension block on the previous site for the second boiler house and an active public realm which contains mixture of uses that spread the building functions to outdoor through scattered pavilions and public open space. The energy innovation knowledge hub is an incubator where mindset to be refreshed and a more sustainable society to be built. To make this happen, the hub bridges the gap between research and industry for the most viable economic value and energy production outcome. By exposing all the process which is normally behind the scene, community is also encouraged to see, understand and involve into every stages. The white bay power station is carefully restored to incubate everyone from any background and provide the best it can offer to help realise all opportunities for our energy production in the future.
PROJECT DRAWING SET
ASPIRATIONAL & FUNCIONTAL BRIEF
P.29
TRANSFORM WHITE BAY POWER STATION TO AN ENERGY INNOVATION HUB
KNOWLEDGE HUB The NSW Government is committed to helping industry in leading the development of Knowledge Hubs through the Knowledge Hubs Initiative. The Initiative provides co-funding and support from the NSW Government for the delivery of collaborative industry development projects. Knowledge Hubs are an action from the NSW Economic Development Framework which provides a road map for driving growth in key industries in the NSW economy. While different Knowledge Hubs may vary in their specific activities they have common goals and benefits including: Goals: Develop an industry vision and strategy Improve industry productivity and competitiveness Champion projects and research with broad industry benefits Promote sector wide market opportunities Facilitate collaboration and knowledge sharing Benefits: Creation of a united industry voice Share world leading knowledge Opportunity to influence public research Provides a conduit to Government Potential to enhance productivity through collaboration
ENERGY INNOVATION
FINANCIAL SERVICES
DIGITAL CREATIVE
MEDICAL TECHNOLGY
TRANSPORT &LOGISTICS
White bay power station
Digital creative hub
Transportation hub
Cilo research centre
PROJECT DRAWING SET
ASPIRATIONAL & FUNCIONTAL BRIEF
P.30
TRANSFORM WHITE BAY POWER STATION TO AN ENERGY INNOVATION HUB
COMMUNITY
INDUSTRY
RESEARCH
COLLABORATION
NOW GLOBAL SYDNEY ECONOMIC
ECONOMIC VALUE
CLIMATE CHANGE SUSTAINBILITY
GREEN ENERGY
INDUSTRY
RESEARCH
AFFORDABILITY
SOCIAL AWARENESS WHITE BAY POWER STATION
WELL-BEING
LIVEABLE SYDNEY CULTURE
Climate change has been identified as one of the biggest issues facing the nation (Endnote 6) and the world. Results from the 2007-08 Environmental Views and Behaviours component of the ABS Multipurpose Household Survey showed that nearly three quarters (74%) of Australian adults were concerned about climate change. This, in addition to concerns about rising energy costs, has led to greater attention being focused on ways in which households and individuals can reduce their carbon footprints.
Develop a smart energy grid which enables biofuel to replace fossil fuel in the future. This smart energy grid should create a more secure system and allows a flexible combination of all types of renewable energy. Develop a waste-to-energy plant to reduce landfill and all the associated methane emissions, while also generate electricity from waste material.
Assist industry to achieve the best outcome using new technology. Practice and test new possibility of biofuel – Algae. This technology can clean waste water, absorbs carbon dioxide, produce oxygen, energy, food and various other products.
Environment & Agriculture
Industry & Engineering
PUBLIC EDUCATION COMMUNITY
Increases in retail electricity prices varied across the capital cities. Between June 2007 and June 2012, the largest increase in the retail price of electricity was in Melbourne (84%), followed by Sydney (79%). Darwin and Canberra had the smallest increases in retail electricity prices, with 42% and 45% respectively.
Mixture of different demographic groups enables opportunities for social dynamics. Wealthy people often make over-consumption according to research. Some of their goods can be delivered to the non-wealthy group and their waste can be used to produce energy. In this case, vulnerable group gets assistance and ‘urban polluters’ can get educated from this process.
SUSTAINBILITY
RETROFIT POLICY
The cost of electricity, gas and other household fuels has risen in recent years. In the five years to the June quarter in 2012, the ABS Consumer Price Index (CPI) rose by 15% (from 157.5 to 180.4). During the same period, Australia’s retail electricity prices rose by 72%, while the price of gas and other household fuels rose by 45%.
Generally, common sources of renewable energy would be invested throughout the whole site, including wind, solar etc. Each building would aim to become self-sustainable.
Biology & Science
Economic & Funding
FUTURE Change lifestyle and become more envriomentally sound. Well educated in innovative energy and high social awareness towards the issue of climate change.
Produce energy using Biofuel.
Collaborate with experts from all different field and to test out the best outcome of biofuel.
PROJECT DRAWING SET
PRECENDENT STUDY
P.31
Use existing structure - Canberra Glassworks
Non-hierachical new structure - Carriageworks
Former Kingston Power House, 11 Wentworth Avenue, Kingston, ACT
Former Eveleigh Carriage Workshops. 245 Wilson Street, Eveleigh, NSW
t 3FVTJOH UIJT MBSHF TJHOJGJDBOU building within Kingston Foreshore development retains an important part of Canberra’s industrial heritage, while also lending character to the new redevelopment. t -FBWJOH UIF CVJMEJOH GBCSJD ABT GPVOE was a cost-effective way to retain evidence of the former industrial processes and changing uses, while also providing a strong aesthetic contrast to the new use. t 5IF TQBUJBM RVBMJUJFT PG UIF FYJTUJOH building are maintained and contrasting new elements inserted within. This allows the two diverse stories to be easily understood.
Canberra Glassworks provides facilities for glass artists to produce high-quality, commissioned glass art and exhibition work within the former Kingston Power House. The glassworks is entirely housed within the existing building, the fabric of which is left ‘as found’, without refurbishment or renovation.
t 5IF QSPKFDU IBT BDIJFWFE UIF conservation of a large scale but run down public asset. t 5IF TQBDFT BOE TPDJBM IJTUPSZ PG UIF place were understood as being as important as the building fabric. t 4USJLJOH OFX FMFNFOUT BSF JOTFSUFE in a way that responds to the planning and spatial logic and experience of the building, as well as its material qualities. t #VJMEJOH GBCSJD JT TUBCJMJ[FE BOE MFGU intact wherever possible, maintaining its patina and memory
Carriageworks is a contemporary performing arts centre for theatre,experimental dance and acrobatic theatre housed in the former Eveleigh Carriage Workshops, adjacent to Sydney’s main rail corridor. It was developed by ArtsNSW and the Staterail Authority with a brief for “an engaging centre for professional, emerging and aspiring contemporary artists, a profitable base for the arts industry and its commercial partners, a dynamic neighbourhood venue for locals and an exciting and unique arts space for visitors.”
PROJECT DRAWING SET
PRECENDENT STUDY
P.32
Cockatoo Island
School of Architecture and Design
Sydney Harbour, NSW
University of Tasmania, Inveresk Railyards, Launceston, Tas The largest island in Sydney Harbour, Cockatoo Island has a long and complex history, including use as an Indigenous fishing base, a penal establishment, a reform school and shipbuilding yards.
t 1VCMJD BDDFTT BOE POHPJOH SFVTF is used as a way to protect and maintain the island’s heritage. t $VSSFOU BOE GVUVSF SFVTFT BSF understood as a continuation of the island’s long history of adaptation. t 5IF DPNQSFIFOTJWFMZ SFTFBSDIFE Management Plan provides a coherent yet flexible framework for ongoing reuse, which is able to respond to new events and findings. t 5IF SJDI BHHSFHBUFE IJTUPSZ PG UIF site is highly valued, with spaces between the buildings and juxtapositions understood as being as important as the fabric itself.
The University of Tasmania’s School of Architecture and Design is housed in a 1950s diesel workshop at the Inveresk Railyards in Launceston. The adaptive reuse maintains and responds to the industrial aspects of the building while pursuing an integrated environmentally sustainable design (ESD) approach that exemplifies the school’s environmental focus,timber research program and ‘learning by making’ philosophy.
t $BSFGVM QMBOOJOH BOE DPOsidered location of new enclosed spaces means that the dramatic, largescale volume was retained. t 5IF OFX XPSL JT DMFBSMZ distinct, and continues the robust industrial aesthetic in a contemporary manner. t $MPTF DPMMBCPSBUJPO CFUXFFO the architectural practices and the school ensured an integrated ESD process, including substantially reduced power and water use. The result is successful environmental design on a modest budget.
PROJECT DRAWING SET
CONCEPT DIAGRAM
MODIFICATION OF EXISTING CONTEXT modification
increase visibility
1
P.33
WASTE MANAGEMENT WASTE COLLECTION
WASTE TO ENERGY PLANT air outlet
L
furnace 5
waste pit 2 1
F
4 3
L T
air purification transformer
B L
Extending water edge - 1 2
Open up threshold of waterway Wider view & higher legibility
existing edge modified edge
truck collection lightrail collection
view transport hub
2 NPEJGJDBUJPO SF[POF UIF TJUF
RENREABLE ENERGY ALGAE & SEAWEED ENERGY RESEARCH
entry point new development main entrance
plant rooms
pedestrian & cycle access vehicle access
research related area ecological pond as an experimenta site
SUSTAINABLE DESIGN
solar panels urban furniture
PROJECT DRAWING SET
CONCEPT DIAGRAM
P.34
WASTE MANAGEMENT - COLLECTION FROM COMMUNITY
LIGHT RAIL
PLATFORM
TRUCKS
GROUND
GRABAGE BINS ARE ALLOCATED NEAR EACH LIGHT RAIL STOP TO COLLECT COMMUNITY HOUSEHOLD WASTE WHEN EACH MEMBER COME TO USE THE PUBLIC TRANSPORT.
WHEN THE LIGHT RAIL ARRIVE, THE END CARRIAGE WILL SERVE AS A CONTAINER FOR ALL HOUSEHOLD WASTE.
WHILE THE WASTE COLLECTION PUBLIC TRANSPORT SYSTEM EXPANDING, WASTE FROM OTHER AREAS WILL BE COLLECTED BY AN ELECTRONIC CHARGED TRUCK. But EVENTUALLY, THE AIM IS TO USE ALL TYPES OF PUBLIC TRANSPORT AS A WASTE COLLECTION NETWORK.
PROJECT DRAWING SET
CONCEPT DIAGRAM
WASTE MANAGEMENT - COLLECTION FROM COMMUNITY
IA
OR
CT
VI .
RD
TRUCKS AND LIGHT RAIL ARRIVING TO SITE.
TRUCKS ENTER THROUGH VICTORIA ROAD. WHEN THE LIGHT RAIL ARRIVE AT WHITE BAY POWER STATION STOP, THE END CARRIAGE WITH WASTE WILL DETACHED AND FOLLOW THE TRACK TO WASTE LOADING ZONE.
P.35
PROJECT DRAWING SET
CONCEPT DIAGRAM
P.36
KNOWLEDGE SHARE WISDOM ROUTE traditional coal-fired new waste-to-energy plant
understand power genereation process Ground floor Community
Second Floor
first floor Research
Industry
Void
All space in the power station is intended to be distributed equally to all three groups of user base on particular rule sets. For example, as the purpose for community route is mainly focused on knowledge share. The route is basically based on the following three characters: sites of high level of historical and cultural purposes, i.e. historical machinery or structure, sites of high level of social interaction for conversations to occur with professionals and sites near newly developed energy production (however, separated from entrance or route from workers). In this way, the community has opportunity for experiencing the most out of the power station and makes the power station a waterfront destination to visit.
INTERACTIVE STATIONS
bike seat
research related industry related cultural related
Third floor
solar device charging station
For research and industry routes, there is not a sharp define that exclude one from the other. All workers in the power station is encouraged to move between different work stations. As that is the primary principle of a knowledge hub. The most interactive and exposed shared office area is in the new extension where there are two performance area and highly transparent architecture. And each commercial level is accompanied with a public accessible function. This part of the project is designed to serve as a conference and exhibition centre.
PROJECT DRAWING SET
PUBLIC REALM DESIGN
P.37
58
56
57
55
51
52
49
46
Ground Plinth 29.Stepped seatings 30.Outdoor discussion area 31.Material store 32.Public performance area 33.Ramp entrance 34.Backstage & storage 35.Lift, service ducts, toilet 36.Stair entrance & outdoor dining & exhibition space 37.Theatre 38.Ticket centre 39.Stair entrance & outdoor dining
The White Bay Power Station 5.Transformer yard 6.Coal handling shed 7.Coal handling tower 8.Conveyor 9.Chimney 10.Boiler house No.1 11.Turbine hall 12.Control tower 13.Switch house 14.Admin
54
45
Extension on Boiler House No.2 Site
Context 1.Residential development on White Bay 2.Light rail service 3.Waste collection light rail carriage 4.Waste pit entrance
50
62
Public Domain 15.Information centre 16.Pergola 17.Souvenir shop 18.Product display room 19.Product wholesale 20.Cafe 21.Restaurant 22.Cafe 23.Newsagency & publication on energy innovation 24.Help centre $FOUSBM QVCMJD PQFO QMB[B 26.Product retail 27.Cafe 28.Convenience shop
53 47
L1 40.Flexible workshop space 41.Exhibition corridor 42.Group discussion & working area 43.Lift & service ducts 44.Exhibition space
61
48 42 11
12 44 43 41 59 40
L2 45.Connected commercial office area from Amin building (power station) 46.Working area 47.Meeting room 48.Office entrance 49.Reception 50.Community exchange centre – discussion pot 51.Connected community exhibiting tour from Turbine Hall 52.Lift, service ducts, toilet 53.Community exchange centre – cashier & stock 54.Waste-to-energy plant – Turbine, transformer, economiser & switch board
13 8
1 10
60
1 7 9
L3 – L4 55.Commercial office area 56.Dining & seating 57.Lift, service ducts, toilet
16 14 6 38
37
5
Roof 58.Photovoltaic panels
34
16 4 31
39
35 36
24 16 16 26
32 23
30
22
29
27
33
Facade 59.South facade – U-profiled HMBTT DMFBS HMB[JOH TUSJQ 60.East facade (front) – U-profiled glass & clear HMB[JOH 61.North facade – U-profiled glass & cantilever window 62.Bridge connection to Boiler house No.1
28
21 20
25
16 3
INDUSTRY 16 16
18
15
RESEARCH 19 17
COMMUNITY 16
2
PROJECT DRAWING SET
VIEW FROM PUBLIC REALM TO POWER STATION
PUBLIC REALM DESIGN
P.38
PROJECT DRAWING SET
PUBLIC REALM DESIGN
MAIN CIRCULATION AND POCKET LANDS
P.39
MOVING BETWEEN INSIDE AND OUTSIDE
residential retail food trade vehicle access
retail info retail transport interchange
attract path from public leading path to building
Main circulation path and land function is decided to correspond to surrounding context. In those pocket land that is closer to the building, programs are placed to encourage interaction between the area and the building. For other pocket land that is closer to the site, programs are placed to attract attention and provide useful services.
elevated building gathering point
circulation on ground level
To maximise the freedom of circulation, ground level of the building is elevated therefore people are able to enter from anywhere on the ground plane. Pocket lands are grouped to create five island where each of them has an special identity.
PROJECT DRAWING SET
PUBLIC REALM DESIGN
CIRCULATION IN PUBLIC REALM
active building front inactive building front
circulation path to encourage interaction
Programs are contained in several small pavilions on each island. Active building front is placed towards the power TUBUJPO BOE UIF DFOUSBM QMB[B UP DSFBUF effective connections. Linkages between active frontages are made to create QBUI JO DFOUSBM QMB[B
P.40
ACTIVATE THE SPACE
paved islands green land
pergola area
To active the whole space, public open area is facilitated with pergolas and create urban furniture.
PROJECT DRAWING SET
VIEW FROM PUBLIC REALM TO NEW BUILDING
PUBLIC REALM DESIGN
P.41
PROJECT DRAWING SET
DRAWINGS
GROUND FLOOR PLAN & PUBLIC DOMAIN 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
– – – – – – –
C D F G H I J
RECEPTION DESK TO COMMUNITY SERVICE LIFT AND FIRE STAIR TOILET WAITING AREA INFORMATION DESK RESEARCH EXHIBITION CORRIDOR HERITAGE EXIHIBITON OF BOILER 1
3 3 3 3
– – – –
D E F H
CUSTOMER SERIVE OFFICE SWITCH HOUSE TRANSFORMER ALLEY – MARKET COMMUNITY WORKSHOPS DISCUSSION TABLE
4 – F 4 – I 5 5 5 5
BOOKSHELVES MEMBERSHIP REGIESTRATION OFFICE
– F & H MEETING SPACE –I TRANING ROOM – J ENTRANCE HALL – K MAIN ENTRANCE
6 – I HELP DESK 6 – J GUIDE TALK 6 – K TOILET & ENTRANCE TO AIR PURIFICATION PLANT ROOM 7 – K
AIR PURIFICATION PLANT ROOM
8 – D 8 – F 8 – G
OFFICE RESEARCH LAB DISCUSSION TABLE
9 – H
EXPERIMENTAL STATIONS
10 – D 11 – I 11 – J 11 – K
OFFICE TOILET URBAN CORRIDOR LIFT & FIRESTAIRS
12 – C
STAIRCASE
13 13 13 13 13 13
MANUFACTURING WAREHOUSE BOILER AND FURNACE PLANT ROOM ENTRANCE & RECEPTION TICKET CENTRE MAIN ENTRANCE TO THEATER OUTDOOR DINING AREA
– – – – – –
D F I J K L
14 – K
STAIRCASE
15 – J 15 – K
THEATER DINING AREA
17 – K
RECEPTION
18 18 18 18 18
WASTE PIT STORAGE LOADING ZONE BACKSTAGE & DRESSING ROOM EXIHIBITION PANEL
– – – – –
G H I J L
19 – J 19 – K 19 – L
MATERIAL SHOP & COMPUTER LAB PUBLIC PERFORAMCE AREA OUTDOOR DINING AREA
22 – J 22 – K
STAIRCASE RAMP ENTRANCE
23 – K
OUTDOOR DISUCSSION AREA
24 – K
SEATINGS
NOT TO SCALE
P.42
PROJECT DRAWING SET
DRAWINGS
1. theater roof 2. waste pit 3. community discussion workshop MPBEJOH [POF 5. life core and service ducts 6. exxihibition corridor 7. flexible workshop area 8. light court and staircase
1
3
2 5
4 8 6
7
VIEW FROM STAIRCASE TO PUBLIC PERFORMANCE AREA
1:500
FIRST FLOOR PLAN PERPECTIVE VIEW POINT
P.43
PROJECT DRAWING SET
DRAWINGS
SECOND FLOOR PLAN
1 1 1 1
– – – –
C D F J
RESEARCH LIFT AND HERITAGE HERITAGE
6 – J
OFFICE FIRE STAIRS EXHIBITION TURBINE MACHINE EXHIBITION BOILER 1
AIR PURIFICATION PLANT ROOM
7 – J
GUIDE TALK
8 – C
COLLABORATIVE WORKING OFFICE AREA
12 – A 12– B 12 – F 12 – J 14 14 14 14 14 14 14 14
– – – – – – – –
A C D F H I J K
HERITAGE EXHIBITION CONTROL ROOM HERITAGE EXHIBITION CHAMBER TURBINE HALL SPLIT FLOOR BRIDGE CONNECTION ADMIN AREA MANUFACTURING WAREHOUSE MEZZANINE RECEPTION AREA RESEARCH WORKSHOPS STORAGE SWITCH ROOM STAIRCASE TO BRIDGE OFFICE AREA
15 – J 15 – K
GUIDE TALK TRANSFORMER PLANT ROOM
19 19 19 19
COMMUNITY CONNECTION FROM POWER STATION TOILET, LIFT & SERVICE DUCTS COMMUNITY EXCHANGE STORE DISCUSSION AREA
– – – –
I J K L
20 – J 20 – K 20 – L
RECEPTION AREA EXHIBITION AREA STAIRCASE
22 – I
OFFICE CONNECTION FROM POWER STATION
23 23 23 23
OFFICE AREA DISCUSSION AREA MEETING ROOM WAITING AREA
– – – –
I J K L
24 – I
OFFICE AREA
NOT TO SCALE
P.44
PROJECT DRAWING SET
GF GF GF GF GF GF
– – – – – –
C D F H I K
L1– C L1 – F L1 – H
DRAWINGS
MANUFACTURE WAREHOUSE SWITCH HOUSE TRANSFORMER ALLEY ALGAE & SEAWEED EXPERIEMENTAL LAB SCIENTIFIC EXHIBITION COMMUNITY BUILDING TOUR DESTINATION AIR PURIFICATION PLANT ROOM
c
d
10000
e
6230
f
7200
g
6000
h
6700
P.45
i
6700
j
12300
k
12000
l
9300
RESEARCH OFFICE ALGAE & SEAWEED EXPERIEMENTAL LAB EXIHIBITION CORRIDOR
L2 - F L2 – H
RESEARCH CONFERENCE CENTRE HERITAGE EXHIBITION
L3 – C L3 – I L3 – K
RESEARCH OFFICE WASTE-TO-ENERGY PLANT EXHIBITION PLATFORM IN PLANT ROOM
ROOF RL+36700 L6 RL+34400
L4– C L4 – I
1:500
STAFF CANTEEN PLATFORM
COMMUNITY
INDUSTRY
RESEARCH
L5
RL+26900
L4
RL+20600
L3
RL+10600
L2
RL+8300
L1
RL+5800
GF
RL+0
PROJECT DRAWING SET
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.
DRAWINGS
bridge connection from switch house level 3 commercial office area restaurant lift core, service ducts & toilet trianing room light court and staircase transformer plant room void community work station & guide talk bridge connection to boiler house level 1
9
8
7
4 3
6
2 1 8 5
VIEW FROM OFFICE TOWARDS GROUND FLOOR
1:500
THIRD - FIFTH FLOOR PLAN (STAIRCASE CHANGE) PERPECTIVE VIEW POINT
P.46
PROJECT DRAWING SET
DRAWINGS
24
23
12300
GF GF GF GF GF GF
– – – – – –
19 20 21 22 23 24
THEATER ENTRANCE OUTDOOR DINING EXIHBITION SPACE PUBLIC PERFORMANCE AREA LIGHTCOURT HALL ENTRANCE OUTDOOR DISCUSSION AREA
L1 L1 L1 L1
– – – –
20 21 22 24
STAIRCASE EXHIBITION CORRIDOR STAIRCASE FLEXIBLE WORKSHOP
L2 L2 L2 L2 L2
– – – – –
19 20 22 23 24
OFFICE TRANSFORMER PLANT ROOM COMMUNITY EXCHANGE STORE STAIRCASE MEETING ROOM
L3 L3 L3 L3
TO TO TO TO
L5 L5 L5 L5
– – – –
ROOF – 24
1:200
19 20 22 24
SOLAR PHOTOVOLTIC PANELS
COMMUNITY
INDUSTRY
22
12300
COMMUNITY DISCUSSION AREA TRANSEFORMER PLANT ROOM RESTAURANT COMMERCIAL OFFICE
RESEARCH
P.47
21
12300
20
12300
19
12300
PROJECT DRAWING SET
FACADE PRECEDENT
Ian Thorpe Aquatic Centre
ROOF RL+26300
L5 RL+19000
L4 RL+15000
L3 RL+11000
L2 RL+7000
L1 RL+3600
GF RL+0
P.48
PROJECT DRAWING SET
ELEVATION
P.49
3000
detail 1 1000
detail 3 detail 2
1:250
south elevation
detail
east elevat
PROJECT DRAWING SET
ELEVATION
detail 6
P.50
detail 5a
4
ion (front)
detail 5b
north elevation
PROJECT DRAWING SET
FACADE DETAILS
detail 1 - Rooftop photovoltic panel
detail 2 - Parallel opening
P.51
EFUBJM $POUJOVJPVT HMB[JOH TZTUFN
Structural sealant
Insulating glass with air space
990
1650
solar panels
concrete beam roof mullion Internal gasket
Insulating bars
PROJECT DRAWING SET
FACADE DETAILS
EFUBJM 4MPQQJOH HMB[JOH DBQ
P.52
detail 6 - Cantilever windows
detail 5 - U-profiled glass system
u-profile glass system
Sealing strip and silicon Side frame
Plywood top frame
Aluniminium window frame
Metal cap
Timber block Packing and sealant
Wall
Silicon
u-profile glass system tem
U-profile glass
sloping metal cap
continuous HMB[JOH TZTUFN
bottom frame
corner detail Drainage
DMFBS HMB[JOH