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technical strategy
energy lab empower: invent, industrialise lucas ward
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technical strategy
Energy Lab Empower: Invent, Industrialise Lucas Ward Master of Architecture Plymouth University 2014
contents 01. Project Introduction Project Synopsis 02. Strategy Development overview spatial requiremnets temporary spine wall differing needs 03. Structural Strategy structural grid primary structure 1:50 key section 04. Material Properties pre cast fly ash concrete glu-lam flitch column douglas fir columns acoustic glazing 05. Construction Strategy column footing curtain walling temporary framing primary structure pod panels modular constructio building phasing
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06. Environmantal Strategy strategy overview spine wall strategy long section solar irradiation
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07. Bibliography Printed Websites
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1.0
project introduction
1.1 Energy Lab is the development of the ‘Cieszyn Energy Innovation Centre’ proposed in the Empower: Invent, Industrialise[E:I/I] Urban Strategy and sits as one of the main buildings in the Industrial Cluster of the E:I/I masterplan. Energy lab builds upon the need for improved physiological conditions in the city identified by E:I/I, in particular the need for a cleaner local atmosphere to. Energy Lab focuses on providing a viable alternative to coal fired power stations for both heat and power by bringing industry and education together in a creative environment that democratises technology in response to the basic human need for a clean, healthy, breathable environment and opens up the development and direction of energy provision in the city to its citizens. Waste streams from industries producing biological matter such as the local brewery, paper mills, cardboard packaging factory and
project synopsis saw mills will be utilised as raw material for energy production the procurement of this waste could be through a resource exchange or industrial symbiosis agreement, energy for material facilitated through the alliance set up as part of the urban strategy proposition. The production and subsequent use of Hydrogen is an industrial process that has the capability to use multiple forms of input, provide multiple forms of end product and output multiple forms of by-products. A process of waste matter from Industry types mentioned above converted to Hydrogen gas and subsequently Liquid Hydrogen as a storable energy source for use directly as a fuel for vehicles or through fuel cell conversion to electrical energy for heat and power will provide the core function of CEIC. Energy Lab seeks to change the way both Industrial Architecture and energy production is understood and their relationships with the public, the spaces they
occupy and the places they make using technology as a mediator. The project treats both the architecture and industrial processes as forms of infrastructure and technology instead of imoveable objects. Technological process infrastructure provides locations of fillable space that use localised inputs and outputs for specific potential development opportunities based on the ability to analyse the process for all inputs and outputs, of all types including heat, energy, wastes, recyclables in all stages of production it is possible to purposefully spread out the process so that it can be consciously manipulated, branched off, opened up and exploited in a precise manner turning inter-connections into interfaces that users can plug into for work, research, development, prototype and commercialisation. The spaces are ultimatley
designed by the technology that can support them and vice-versa creating a symbiotic relationship between architecture and technology that can be hacked by the user. Regarding the architecture as an infrastructure to fill the specified spaces as well as the infrastructure to support those spaces at a building physics level removes the feeling of permanence in the building allowing the users the freedom to adapt the architecture to their desired needs. Cieszyns transport system has already been identified as an integral part of the E:I/I network as a front line in providing information, Energy Lab will build on this, firstly, to provide the fuel for local busses and electricity for local trains and secondly as real world testing grounds of commercial transport power applications and will ultimately capitalise on the exposure of these technologies to people.
2.0
strategy development
overview spatial requiremnets temporary spine wall differing needs
overview The structural strategy works on a series of diffeerent levels. at an aesthetic level it works to support a feeling of a strong monolithic industrial building whilst using materiality and structural design to provide a more inviting feel. Structurally the main energy lab floor requires an un-obstructed working environment from columns and must support an overhead gantry crane. Environmentally roof opening should face north for consistent daylighting whilst simultaneously providing south orientated faces for the mounting of solar thermal, photovoltaic and solar fuel devices. Site orientation means that the most efficient layout of the energy lab floor is not north-south therefore the floor and roof are not parallel and as such the structural strategy most support both.
2.1
2.2
spatial requirements
The energy lab is a large single space with tall equipment and a gantry crane that need an open working space.
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temporary
2.3
permanent structure supports temporary plug in pods.
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2.4
A spine wall provides a linear service and circulation area to the energy lab floor. And provides a transition space between floor different floor levels and also as load bearing structure for
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spine wall
laboratories, research spaces and the roof structure outside of the energy lab.
differing needs
2.5
public interaction, office and management spaces adjacent to the energy lab floor will use load bearing walls and columns with a firstfloor transferslab to better provide for private spatial needs.
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3.0
Structural Strategy
structural grid primary structure 1:50 key section
3.1
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structural grid
primary lab structure
Overview of primary structure showing vertical columns on spine wall side and splayed columns to the street front, The crossing beams support the off angle roof structure as-well as the
3.2
perpendicular structure required for the gantry crane to pass through and regular energy lab floor layout.
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3.3
location plan 1:500
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1:50 key section
Precast concrete inner panel solid insulation precast concrete panel central core solid insulation precast concrete outer panel steel fixing pins precast concrete beam precast concrete capping element rain water collection concrete end cap steel sub frame thermal break sespended ceiling curtain wall glu-lam frame steel tensile cable spider connector 18mm triple glazing brise soleil frame brise soleil basement wall solid insulation anchor bolts tensile cable anchor strip foundation
600 x 600 glu-lam flitch column acoustic glazing and glazed double door safety grille 200 x 200 mm douglas fir column single module beam four way steel connecting collar roof panels [four panel types] wall panels [four panel types] end wall panels [three panel types] impact resistant floor finish concrete screed twin profile connecting edge floor panels [four types solid insulation cast in situ concrete steel profile decking steel decking frame impact resistant floor finish precast concrete floor panel solid insulation floor socket waffle slab basement
4.0
material properties
pre cast fly ash concrete glu-lam flitch column douglas fir columns acoustic glazing
4.1
precast fly ash concrete
Concrete insulated panels form the south wall of the spine wall. Each panel consists of 5 layers, an inner concrete core, two layers of rigid insulation and outer layers of concrete on each side. Concrete has been chosen to express the wall as a monolithic entity at core of the entire building. These panels have been designed to accommodate all thermal and interior/ exterior changes that take place the length of the wall within one panel in order to simplify initial panel construction but also for maximum freedom for the building to develop, extend and reduce. The varying changes in conditions along the wall will be reflected in the weathering and discolouration of the panels, this can be overcome with simple maintenance. The high thermal resistance of the panels and there exposure to the south will support a gradual
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release of heat during the day and cooling overnight. The flyash composition has been chosen as it is the core product from the ‘prefab lab’ where the panels will be manufactured, Flyash concrete has an overall lower embodied energy due to its replacement of cement in the mixture, fly ash is sourced as a waste product from the local coal fired power stations.
4.2
glu-lam flitch column
600 x 600mm Glue laminated flitch columns provide the main load bearing elements for the roof over the main energy lab floor. They also provide fixing points and load transfer of spine wall floor decks and plugin pods. Laminated timbers are not restricted by logging sizes and can be formed to any size or length. The feedstock timber is fully seasoned before lamination to ensure a high quality member and products are specified by quality and dimension like standard timber products. A central flitch plate provides reinforcement for floor plate joins and areas of increased stress. The flitch plate edge is exposed to provide a welding surface for additional flanges as well as mounting point for one side of the gantry crane rails.
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Glue Laminated timbers can be significantly lighter for equivalent load carrying capacity over their concrete and steel counterparts. Laminated timbers have a long lifespan with the most significant threat to there durability being moisture rising over 22-25% for prolonged periods, however appropriate maintenance and ventilation and the avoidance of moisture traps in the initial design. The columns have a high thermal resistance and in a fire will perform well and predictably with a charring rate of 40mm per hour Class 0 and 1 surface spread of flame, can usually be achieved for glul-am members by the application of a proprietary treatment on site after the building is dry and watertight. The inherent chemical resistance properties of timber coupled with the synthetic adhesives providing a strong barrier to accident spillages and leaks
4.3
Douglas Fir Columns
200 x 200mm secondary columns made from Douglas Fir, a timber readily available in Poland, will be used for the vertical connecting system for the plug in pods. The timber has been chosen for its availability as it will be in a working environment where it will be fixed to, struck about and damaged and therefore can be easily repaired or replaced owing to the use of simple and accessible fixings. An in-tumescent coating will be applied to improve fire resistance due to the reduced size compared to the Primary Glu Lam Structure. There will be a gradual discolouration and weathering affect on the timber, though this will be a much longer process as the timbers are internal. The columns are not major load bearing elements, this is transferred by steel beams to the Glu-Lam flitch beams, the columns only support local loads
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exerted by the connecting plug in panel.
4.4
glazed panels and doors
Glazed panels are used in the spine wall to provide a safe yet visible connection between the service and circulation areas and the main energy lab floor particularly as the spin walls walkways are open to visitors. Glazed double doors installed the length of each spine wall level where a possible pod could be installed act as the final enclosing element for the pods them selves and as the threshold between semi public and the energy lab floor only allowing those with granted access to pass through. Acoustic laminated glass will protect the circulation spaces and the plug in pods from potential sound reverberation from the concrete side of the spine. Acoustic glazing such as ‘Pilkington Optiphon’ can be tailored to meet specific noise requirements, this can be included into the glazing schedule by knowing the localised acoustic out put of process infrastructure. The glass will also meet all of the
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impact safety requirements of BS EN 12600 A temporary aluminium screen will be fitted when a pod is not using the door to provide a second level of safety and security to the energy lab floor if the electronic looks and sensors were to fail.
5.0
construction strategy
column footing curtain walling temporary framing primary structure pod panels modular constructio building phasing
5.1.1
pod panels Pod panels use simple tongue and groove connections as the primary form of assembly. This design requires a specific construction order and optimum strength and rigidity is only acheived when all elements are in place. There are no bolt fixings within the panels themselves only in the supporting framework acting as the pods exo-skeleton.
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5.1.2
column footing Floor boxes set out on a 2400mm grid, anchor bolted into the waffle slab and finished flush with the energy lab floor will house fixings for temporary columns. These fixing have been designed for maximum ease of access when installing and removing the columns. This is acheived by using a raised column footing with only the steel flanges fixed into the base of the box allowing the technicians room to use tools. When a column is not in location a steel grill provides a cover for saftey
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5.1.3
curtain wall connection The curtain walling framework provides resistance against wind loading with the glazing itself in conjunction with spider connectos and tensile cabbles providing the structural support.
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5.1.4
temporary framing Temporary columns and beams provide an exo-skeleton to the plug in pods. These element are designed and built in multiple of 2400mm to align with the floor grid. Four way connectors take a ‘one size fits all’ approach in order to simplify and speed up assembly times. Columns are pre drilled with holes for bolt fixings at regular intervals for the four way connecting collars.
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5.1.5
primary structure A 6 way steel connector provides a neat join for the convergence of 6 elements, two each for the roof, columns and beams,
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5.2.1
modular construction
01. Columns erected using gantry crane and fixed into floor sockets. Four way connector collars pre set to the correct heights.
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02. Modular beams connected to collars ready for floor panels.
5.2.2
03. Floor panel closest to the wall is laid first and slots onto one of two fixed male connection points on the spine wall.
04. Floor panels are laid one by one slotting into the previously set panel.
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5.2.3
05. Final floor panels are laid with the last one forming a tight connection with the outer most columns locking all previous floor panel into place.
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06. Floor panels provide a working surface for the installation of wall panels. Panels closest to the spine are set down first and the first ceiling panel is coonected to service and power couplings
5.2.4
07. Wall panels are slotted together in pair and then sat between the columns before finally being located onto the floor panels.
08. The remaining wall panels are installed, in the same manner as the floor panels, the last wall panel locks together all previous walls.
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5.2.5
09. End wall panels partially lock together at an acute angle before first location into the corner columns and then and a secondary locking moving them into the same plane and finally set
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10. Ceiling Panels are installed in three steps; power and services [in series]coupling, slotting together and finally set onto wall panels.
5.2.6
11. The final ceiling panel acts as a key stone and locking in all adjacent locking panels and subsequently all other panels.
12. A Final stage of fitting modular beams provides a complete exo-skeleton and fixings back to the spine wall provide overall structural stability against racking.
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5.3.1
01. Construction of spine wall using precast fly ash concret panels
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building phasing
5.3.2
02. Construction of circulatiuon cores
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5.3.3
03. Construction of hoppers and loading bays and energy management suite.
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03.5 Construction of workshops.
5.3.4
04. Energy lab processes installed and primary structure built
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5.3.5
05. Solar fuel research laboratories built
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05.5 Distribution and fuel cell array centre
5.3.6
06. Upper level research, office and educational facilities.
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5.3.7
07. Station stop construction Testbed replacement housing, retail, food, offices and visitor accomodation.
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5.3.8
08. Hard and soft landscaping pedestrianised space with shared access aeas for busses and fuel distribution vehicles.
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6.0
environmental strategy
strategy overview spine wall strategy long section solar irradiation
6.1.1
strategy overview
Rain water and water from the brook will be treated and stored in large vlolumes in the basement for use in the industrial processes
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6.1.2
Large surface areas of south facing roof will be used for solar fuels research, the area will be sub divided for phot-chemical and photo-biological research.
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6.1.3
waste material from local industries
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6.1.4
Distribution centre for liquid fuels, connection to existing utilities and power generation
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6.2
spine wall strategy
Openings in the spine wall walkways allow light to filter down from above and assist the natrual ventilation of plug in pod units. the thermal mass of the concretewill be slowly dispersed.
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long section
south facing roof panes for solar devices, north facing windows for daylighting, stack effect ventilation
6.3
solar irradiation
Solar irradiation modelling shows that main south facing roof elememts recieve an annual average of 2000kwh per metre squared of solar energy
7.0
bibliography
7.1 Dr D Carter, J Wing, Johnson Matthey PLC, Fuel Cell Today [May 2012], Fuel Cell Basics Dr D Carter, J Wing, Johnson Matthey PLC, Fuel Cell Today [2013], Fuel Cell Industry Review Linde, Linde AG, Hydrogen Linde, Linde AG, Hydrogen Recovery by Pressure Swing Absoption
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Linde, Linde AG, Liquid Hydrogen
http://www.archdaily.com/18890/ kaputts-proposal-for-the-new-artsand-culture-house-in-beirut/
The Royal Society of Chemistry[2012], Solar Fuels and Artificial Photosynthesis Science and innovation to change our future energy options
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D. Graham, L. Ward, C. Willis (2013) Empower: Invent, Industrialise Urban Strategy. Plymouth University.
http://www.konecranes.com/ equipment/hoists/electric-wirerope-hoists http://smartmovewithcxt.com http://www.pilkington.com/en-gb/ uk/products/product-categories/ thermal-insulation http://shl.dk
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websites
7.2
http://www.peterguthrie.net
S1364032105000420?np=y
http://www.behance.net/gallery/15917103/Free-3d-modelsand-blueprints-of-our-products
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http://www.google.com/about/ datacenters/gallery/#/tech
http://www.architekt-boell.de/ home.aspx
https://sites.google.com/site/ mcoath/home
http://www.claudionardi.it/
https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=0h-RhyopUmc http://www.electronicsnews.com. au/news/hydrogen-from-sunlightwater-and-rust http://www.rsc.org/ConferencesAndEvents/RSCConferences/ DD13/index.asp http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photocatalytic_water_splitting#Photocatalyst_systems http://www.ted.com/conversations/18081/elevating_photosynthesis_to_ou.html http://www.technologyreview. com/news/423569/a-greener-artificial-leaf/ http://www.sciencedirect. com/science/article/pii/
http://www.wilmotte.com/en/projects/program/5/Sport-facilities http://www.biofuelstp.eu/hydrogen.html http://energy.gov/fe/science-innovation/clean-coal-research/hydrogen-coal http://www.nrel.gov/hydrogen/ proj_production_delivery.html https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=lH3eryW-7KU http://highlowtech.org/ http://www.upf.edu/
energy lab