B e l g i q u e : 6 , 9 5 E D O M , L u x e m b o u r g , E s p a g n e , G r è c e , P o r t u g a l : 7 , 5 E S u i s s e : 1 1 , 9 F S M a r o c : 7 5 M A D TO M : 9 5 0 X P F C a n a d a : 1 0 . 9 9 $
ILoveEnglish WORLD
ses i c r Exe de! insi
+
feminist icon
WORLD
Le magazine + l’audio 347 - MARCH 2022
! r e w o P l r Gi
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
The story of a
Indian women
Making a difference
against violence Women leaders
8 empowering words
Vocabulary
BY TARA SWANN
POWERFUL
v. puissant
to celebrate Girl Power
Angela Merkel was often called “the world’s most powerful woman”.
EMPOWERMENT
n. autonomisation, émancipation Sweden’s government believes strongly in the empowerment of women.
ASSERTIVE
SELF-CONFIDENCE
INFLUENTIAL
adj. ferme, affirmé ou sûr de soi
n. confiance en soi
Doing kick-boxing gave her more self-confidence.
v. influent, important
Our professor is friendly, but she can be assertive when necessary.
Vogue’s editor Anna Wintour is one of the most influential voices in fashion.
BRAVERY
n. courage Women can vote today thanks to the bravery of suffragettes and suffragists.
SMART
Michelle Obama’s speech about girls’ education was inspiring. 2
- I LOVE ENGLISH WORLD 347 - March 2022
She’s a smart student, top of her class. Tom Werner/Getty Images
INSPIRING
v. inspirant, motivant
adj. intelligent
S
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canne ce QR code et découvre la chaîne YouTube I Love English Magazines. Tous les mois, retrouve des témoignages de jeunes Américains, des vidéos d’expressions idiomatiques, des podcasts d’articles de ton magazine et une playlist de vidéos pour aller plus loin. Ce mois-ci : un entretien révélateur avec une jupe, le mouvement de femmes indiennes contre la violence, et ce que pensent de jeunes Américains de l’égalité homme-femme…
Ton numéro de mars d’I Love English World
C
e mois-ci, nous célébrons la journée internationale de la femme, le 8 mars, avec un numéro entièrement consacré au “girl power”. Que ce soit dans le milieu du sport, de la science ou de la politique, nous fêtons à travers nos reportages les réussites et les exploits des femmes. Tu pourras ainsi mesurer l’évolution du rôle de la femme dans le cinéma ou lire une BD sur la vie de Taylor Swift, cette jeune chanteuse américaine qui multiplie les records ! Sans oublier les vidéos et les podcasts sur notre chaîne YouTube, où de jeunes Américains s’expriment sur l’égalité des sexes. Bonne découverte !! Lemisse Al-Hafidh, rédactrice en chef
07
Interview with a skirt
18
Iconic women, past and present
28
Making a difference: women politicians
08
Public Domain/J. Howard Miller/U.S. National Archives and Records Administration
Vector by Freepik Patrice Stable -
Tom Weller/DPA/Picture Alliance/Icon Sport
04
Women in sport: four inspiring champions
Rosie the Riveter: the story of an icon
20
24
The evolution of women in cinema
Antti Yrjonen/NurPhoto/AFP
Level 3
Joerg Boethling/Alamy/Hemis.fr
White House Photo/Alamy/Hemis.fr
14
Taylor Swift, Battle Royale
Éléonore Bem Clémence Lallemand
Level 2
Paramount/Kobal/Shutterstock
Cover photos: grmarc/Shutterstock, Public Domain/J. Howard Miller/U.S. National Archives and Records Administration, Joerg Boethling/Alamy/Hemis.fr, Antti Yrjonen/NurPhoto/AFP.
Level 1
The Gulabi Gang: India’s women warriors
Also, in this issue: 02. 8 empowering words 06. Remarkable numbers… about women 10. Recipe: chocolate fondant puddings 12. Culture quiz & word search 23. Street talk: gender equality 32. Practise your word building 34. Expressions about power, courage and excellence “Like” us on Facebook! facebook.com/iloveenglish.magazine
Women in sports Champions =
Level 1
Courageous, audacious and talented, our choice of four inspiring young champions…
Chloe Kim
A
t the Winter Olympics in Beijing1, the Chinese will be cheering* for their world No.1 snowboarder, Cai Xuetong. But the one to really watch* this winter is Chloe Kim, the 21-year-old from California. Possibly the best snowboarder of all* time, Chloe Kim dominated her rivals at the 2018 Olympics and is also a six-time* X Games gold medalist. 1 As this issue* of I Love English World went to press*, there was a possibilty of the Games being cancelled* due to Covid-19.
Sean M. Haffey/Getty Images/AFP
Won the 2021 US Open, aged 18!
Emma Raducanu ritain’s Emma Raducanu surprised everyone last year! B Aged 18, and ranked* 150th
VOCABULARY P.4 all time (of): de tous les temps cancel: annuler cheer for: acclamer, soutenir
Corey Sipkin/UPI/Shutterstock
coach: entraîneur eyes (all … will be on her): tous les regards se porteront sur elle issue: numéro
losing (without): sans perdre press (go to…): partir à l’impression rank (to): être classée
4
Corey Sipkin/UPI/Shutterstock
single: un seul six-time: par six fois watch (the one to): celle qui risque de briller plus fort
in the world, she won the 2021 US Open without losing* a single* set. She has had some difficulties since then while* looking for a permanent coach*. But all eyes* will certainly be on her in 2022.
while looking for: alors qu’elle recherchait
- I LOVE ENGLISH WORLD 347 - March 2022
BY RUPERT MORGAN
Tom Weller/DPA/Picture Alliance/Icon Sport
Simone Biles
merica’s Simone Biles is tied* as the most decorated A gymnast of all* time. And, at the age of 24, her career is far* from over. But medals are not as important to her as her mental* health: she pulled* out of some events* at the 2021 Olympics when the pressure* became too much, putting her safety* at risk. A courageous decision.
Tom Weller/DPA/Picture Alliance/Icon Sport
Sky Brown
ow aged 13, Sky became the world’s youngest N professional skateboarder
at the age of ten. Born* and raised in Japan, her mother’s home, she chose to compete* for her father’s native* country, Britain, at the 2021 Olympics, because she liked the team’s “more relaxed* approach”. But* then Sky is an athlete who doesn’t have a coach*, learning all her tricks* Sport from YouTube! Marijan Murat/DPA/PictureAlliance/Icon VOCABULARY P.5
all time (of): de tous les temps born and raised: née et élevée
but then: il faut dire que coach: entraîneur compete for: porter les couleurs de, concourir pour
Marijan Murat/DPA/PictureAlliance/Icon Sport
event: compétition, épreuve (aux JO) far from over: loin d’être terminé
mental health: santé mentale native country: pays natal pressure: pression
pull out of: se retirer de relaxed approach (more): approche plus détendue
I LOVE ENGLISH WORLD 347 - March 2022 -
5
safety (put at risk): compromettre sa santé et sa sécurité tied (to be): être à égalité, être ex-æquo trick: figure
In numbers =
Level 1
BY TARA SWANN
Some historic and impressive* numbers about
1893: year
41
70
5 women leaders
Gemini Pro Studio/Shutterstock
years on the throne* Queen Elizabeth II acceded* to the throne on 6 February 1952, aged 25, and has worked with 14 different prime ministers! She is Britain’s longest-serving* monarch, and will, we hope, have celebrated her 70th year as Queen by* the time you read this!
4 million people mobilised
in the European Union
3 No.1
Jay L Clendenin/Los Angeles Times/Shutterstock
At the start of 2022, there were women leaders in five countries in the EU*: Finland, Estonia, Lithuania, Denmark and Sweden. Germany’s Angela Merkel liberated her post as leader after 16 consecutive years and 16 days in power*, last November. [Sources: Euronews, BBC, ABC News/fortune.com, Time magazine]
In 2021, 41 women were running* businesses on the Fortune 500, which classifies* America’s 500 largest companies. In contrast, there were only two women on the list in 2000! 2021 also saw the first female CEO* of a major Wall Street bank.
mapman/Shutterstock
… in New Zealand, that* is. Yes, NZ was the first independent country in which all women had the right* to vote in parliamentary elections. In Britain, women would have to wait until 1928 for equal* voting rights and in France, until 1944!
American women CEOs* on Fortune 500 Shutterstock
women can vote
women
Climate activist Greta Thunberg was busy in 2019. On 20 September, she inspired four million people to join* the global* climate strike – the largest climate demonstration* in history. That year, she also gave* a speech at the United* Nations and met the Pope!
VOCABULARY P.6 accede to the thone: accéder au trône achieve: atteindre by the time: quand
CEO (chief executive officer): P.-D.G. classify: classer demonstration: manifestation
Pow! Last year Taylor Swift smashed* a 54-year-old Beatles’ record after achieving* three UK No.1 albums in just 259 days – Folklore, Evermore and Fearless (Taylor’s Version). The Beatles’ record for three No.1 hits was 364 days.
equal (voting rights): les mêmes (droits de vote) EU (European Union): UE, Union européenne
6
give (p. gave) a speech: faire un discours global climate strike:
grève mondiale pour le climat impressive: impressionnant join: rejoindre
- I LOVE ENGLISH WORLD 347 - March 2022
Stephen Lovekin/Shutterstock
Action Press/Shutterstock
albums in 259 days!
longest-serving: en fonction depuis le plus longtemps power (in): au pouvoir right (to vote): droit de vote
run (a business): diriger une entreprise smash: anéantir that is: c’est-à-dire throne: trône United Nations (UN): Nations unies
Interview =
Level 1
BY RUPERT MORGAN
INTERVIEW WITH A SKIRT. Scanne ce QR code pour écouter cet article sur notre chaîne YouTube.
Interview with a skirt ILEW: Excuse me, but are you a skirt or a kilt?
O
h, for God’s sake*! Why does that even matter*? A kilt IS a skirt, you idiot! What I am is simply this: a rectangular piece* of fabric that you wear* around* your waist. That’s all! You just want to use different vocabulary to protect your fragile male ego. What is your problem? Why are men so terrified about the gender connotations of a rectangle of wool*? VOCABULARY P.7
around your waist: autour de ta taille behave: se comporter blame (cannot): ne pas pouvoir en vouloir à
W
ell, so* would you be if you were me! Look at the miniskirt, for example. First, people said that this was a symbol of sexual equality. “Hey, girls and boys, it’s the 1960s: after hundreds of years of oppression, women are liberated because now they can show* their legs!” A generation later* people are saying: “Miniskirts are inappropriate* and you cannot blame* men if they behave* like they are still chasing* mammoths!”. It’s so ridiculous!
boring: banal chase: chasser clearly better: nettement mieux clothing (man): habillement pour homme
fun (have… with): s’amuser avec get: comprendre inappropriate: inconvenant
Err… What’s ridiculous?
ll of it! Because it’s not really about me, the A skirt, it’s about you men
and your problems. But you probably won’t ever understand that unless* you start wearing skirts, too. Of course, most of you would probably need to call me a “mini-kilt” to convince yourselves that I was legitimate “man clothing*”. You should be more like that young singer Harry Styles. He’s perfectly happy to wear a skirt and call it “a skirt”.
later: plus tard matter (why does that even): quelle importance ? over-dressed: trop habillé
over-sensitive: trop susceptible piece of fabric: morceau de tissu right (to be): avoir raison
I LOVE ENGLISH WORLD 347 - March 2022 -
7
But why does Harry Styles wear skirts?
ecause “clothes are there to have fun* with”, he B says. I know that is a radical
point of view but… don’t you think he is right*? Trousers* are boring*! And the fact is you’re just jealous that women can wear a skirt on a hot summer’s day, aren’t you? That’s clearly* better than being a sweaty*, over-dressed* male! Just relax and admit it: women win this one. They get* skirts.
Patrice Stable
Whoa! Aren’t you being a little over-sensitive*?
sake (for God’s): pour l’amour de Dieu show: dévoiler so would you be: tu le serais aussi
sweaty: transpirant trousers: pantalon unless: sauf si wear: porter wool: laine
Level 1
WAR* MECHANIC: a woman works on an airplane motor at a factory* in California, USA, in June 1942.
= History
Alfred T. Palmer/Ullstein Bild/Photo12
WOMEN’S WAR WORK. Scanne ce QR code pour écouter cet article sur notre chaîne YouTube.
k r o w r a s w n e m o W *
iconpai/Noun Project
“Rosie” , pictured* right, was a cultural icon of the Second World War*. But what is the true story behind this now iconic image?
B
efore the Second World War*, the minority of women who worked outside* of the home occupied “light*” jobs such as secretary, shop* assistant or schoolteacher. But as millions of men left* for combat, there was an urgent need* for them to work as machinists, truck* drivers, construction workers* and many more traditionally “male jobs” (though for a lot* less money). This famous poster* comes from America, where about six million women worked in factories* during the war. Today, it has become an iconic image of feminism, but at the time very few* people saw it. It was just one in a series of 42 posters produced to boost* employee morale by a company* called Westinghouse Electric (you can see their logo on the bottom right of the image). In consequence, it was only exhibited* in Westinghouse factories for a couple* of weeks VOCABULARY P.8 acquire: se parer de boost morale: remonter le moral carry on: tenir bon (voir aussi note jaune)
company: entreprise couple of weeks: quelques semaines exhibit: exposer factory: usine factory worker:
ouvrier, travailleur d’usine few (very): très peu forgotten: oublié leave (p. left) for combat: partir au front
8
in 1943 and then forgotten*. Until* the 1980s, that is, when it appeared in an article about propaganda art in The Washington Post Magazine. Suddenly, and at a time where American women were demanding equality, the image acquired* new significance*. Today, the woman in the poster is generally called “Rosie the Riveter*” after a famous song of the period*, but she was probably Naomi Parker, a 20-year-old factory* worker whose photograph was seen by the artist. Much like Britain’s famous “Keep Calm & Carry* On” war poster, which also spent many years in total obscurity, it is now so familiar that few people imagine that its fame is, in fact, a relatively recent phenomenon.
!
LE PLUS : la forme verbale to carry on se traduit par “continuer” , “persister” , ou “tenir malgré des épreuves”. Employé comme un nom, carry-on désigne des bêtises, des histoires, et plus généralement une situation ou un comportement qu’on peut qualifier de “n’importe quoi”! light: non physique lot less money (a): beaucoup moins d’argent mechanic: mécanicien need: besoin
outside of the home: en dehors du foyer period: époque pictured right: en portrait à droite
- I LOVE ENGLISH WORLD 347 - March 2022
poster: affiche riveter: riveteur shop assistant: vendeur significance: importance
truck driver: conducteur de camion until the 1980s: jusqu’aux années 80 war: guerre worker: ouvrier
I LOVE ENGLISH WORLD 347 - March 2022 -
9
Public Domain/J. Howard Miller/U.S. National Archives and Records Administration
Level 1
= Recipe
REALISATION BY TARA SWANN
Chocolate fondant puddings In 2021, chef Hélène Darroze won a third Michelin star for her London restaurant, The Connaught. Time to try her irresistible fondants
1. 2.
FOR 8 FONDANTS
Preheat* the oven to 230°C.
• 125g butter, cut into cubes* (plus extra for greasing*)
Place* a sheet* of baking paper on a baking* tray and place your dessert rings on top. Grease the inside of each ring, then place in the fridge to chill*.
• 150g dark chocolate (70-80% cocoa* solids), chopped* • 90g caster* sugar • 5 eggs
3.
• 65g flour*, sieved*
Melt* the butter and chocolate in a bowl over a bain-marie.
TO SERVE
4.
• vanilla ice cream • 100g toasted* peanuts
In a large mixing bowl, use an electric* whisk to mix the sugar and eggs until the mixture is frothy* and doubles in volume. Then, fold* in the flour.
6.
Fill each ring with about 80g of the mixture and bake* for 5 to 6 minutes.
7.
Remove* from the oven, and leave* to stand for a minute, before transferring to plates. Remove the rings and serve with vanilla ice cream and toasted peanuts.
Adrien Coquet/Noun Project
• baking* paper • 8 dessert* rings, 6-7cm in diameter
With the aid of a spatula, now add the cooled chocolate-butter mix.
Eucalyp/Noun Project
EQUIPMENT
5.
Tara Swann
CHEF’S TIP If you don’t have dessert* rings, you can use aluminium baking* moulds.
VOCABULARY P.10 bake: mettre au four baking mould: moule de cuisson baking paper: papier sulfurisé
baking tray: plaque de cuisson caster sugar: sucre semoule chill: refroidir
chopped: hâché cocoa solids: teneur en cacao cube: dé
10
dessert ring: cercle à pâtisserie electric whisk: batteur flour: farine fold in: incorporer
frothy: mousseux grease: beurrer leave to stand: laisser reposer melt: faire fondre
- I LOVE ENGLISH WORLD 347 - March 2022
place: déposer preheat: préchauffer remove: sortir ; enlever sheet: feuille
sieved: tamisé toasted peanuts: cacahuètes grillées
Découvre la chaîne YOUTUBE
ILove LoveEnglish English
MAGAZINES
Une chaîne ludique pour progresser
Iconic/Noun Project
en anglais
quels que soient ton âge et ton niveau débutant, intermédiaire ou confirmé
sion Booste ta compréhen rviews orale grâce aux inte s de jeunes Américain
Entraîne ton oreille asts en écoutant les podc s des meilleurs article
SCANNE CE QR CODE !
et découvre la nouvelle chaîne YouTube de ton magazine
I LOVE ENGLISH WORLD 347 - March 2022 - 11
sions Apprends les expres ndant po ré en s idiomatique décalés à nos quiz drôles et
Prolonge le plaisir en mois découvrant chaque éos notre sélection de vid
Exercises =
Level 1
1. Culture quiz: who am I?
Icon Lauk/Noun Project
Discover the identities of nine amazing women, past and present.
1. I won the 2021 US Tennis Open, aged 18. A. Emma Raducanu B. Cori Gauff C. Serena Williams
5. I am Britain’s longest-serving monarch. A. Queen Victoria B. Queen Anne C. Queen Elizabeth II
2. A skateboarder, I won an Olympic
6. My album 30 was the fastest-selling album of 2021. A. Adele B. Taylor Swift C. Beyoncé
medal in Tokyo, aged 13!
A. Sky Brown B. Simone Biles C. Megan Rapinoe
7. I am America’s queen of talk shows, an actor
3. A scientist, I am the only woman to have Designed by Freepik Petai Jantrapo/Noun Project
won the Nobel Prize twice!
A. Marie Curie B. Malala Yousafzai C. Toni Morrison
and entrepreneur.
A. Sheryl Sandberg B. Martha Stewart C. Oprah Winfrey 8. My observations of chimpanzees changed how
4. In 2019, I inspired four million people to join the global climate strike!
A. Emma González B. Zendaya C. Greta Thunberg
EXERCISE VOCABULARY global: mondial kind: gentil smart: intelligent strike: grève stylish: élégant warm: chaleureux
people thought about them.
A. Jane Goodall B. Jane Austen C. Jane Fonda
9. I was the USA’s first African-American First Lady. A. Elizabeth Truman B. Michelle Obama C. Hillary Clinton
Quote of the month Power’s not given to you. You have to take it.” —BEYONCÉ Kevin Winter/Getty/AFP
12
- I LOVE ENGLISH WORLD 347 - March 2022
2. Song time:
Easy on Me
Listen to Adele’s song “Easy on Me” and fill in the blanks.
“EASY ON ME”. Scanne ce QR code pour écouter la chanson d’Adele et faire l’exercice.
1________ easy on me baby
CHILD
I was still a 2________
TIME
Didn’t get the 3________ to
WHAT
Feel the world 4________ me
GO
Simon Emmett/Columbia Records
I had no 5________ to 6________ 7________
Alice Design/Noun Project
BY TARA SWANN
CHANCE
I chose to 8________
DO CHOOSE
So go easy on me
AROUND
©Adele Adkins, Kursten Greg, Universal Music Publishing, EMI Music Publ France, EMI Songs, France
3. Vocabulary: secret identity E
H
D
E
M
M
A
F
W
Y
L
S
A
N
T
W
E
S
O
L
O
I
N
A
I
M
A
C
T
D
Q
L
O
R
I
K
P
R
A
N
U
Y
R
N
I
S
F
R
M
E
E
T
I
T
R
A
M
S
A
I
N
S
T
U
D
I
O
U
S
R
T
A
L
E
N
T
E
D
N
F
P
A
S
S
I
O
N
A
T
E
S
U
O
R
E
N
E
G
C
E
?
eloquent feminist friendly kind passionate smart generous studious stylish talented warm Name _ _ _ _
Andrew Doane/Noun Project
The words below have all been used to describe one of the women in this magazine. Find them in the grid. The remaining letters, will give you her mini-biography.
_ _ _ _ _ _
Profession _ _ _ _ _ Born in
_ _ _ _ _
_ _ _ _ _ _
Solutions p.35 I LOVE ENGLISH WORLD 347 - March 2022 -
13
True Story =
Level 2
BY RUPERT MORGAN (TEXT) & CLÉMENCE LALLEMAND (ILLUSTRATIONS)
In 1989, player Taylor Swift lands* in Pennsylvania, USA.
“Pop music can feel like The Hunger Games” – Taylor Swift Soon, she finds her weapon* of choice.
*
PLAYER SCORE: 1 NATIONAL POETRY PRIZE, AGED 10 At 13, she signs a development* deal with RCA Records, but they want her to sing other people’s songs, so she quits after one year.
*
VOCABULARY P.14 development deal: contrat pour soutenir le développement
d’un artiste en échange de droits lucratifs futurs land: atterrir
Nashville: capitale de l’État de Tennessee, haut lieu de la musique country
14
outta (I’m… here): (fam.) je me tire weapon: arme
- I LOVE ENGLISH WORLD 347 - March 2022
In 2006, at 16, she releases* her debut album with indie* label Big Machine.
Her debut charts* longer than any album that decade*.
*
PLAYER SCORE: 157 WEEKS ON BILLBOARD* 200 In 2010, her second album sweeps* the Grammy Awards…
*
PLAYER SCORE: 4 GRAMMYS, INCLUDING ALBUM OF THE YEAR But at another award show, the Video Music Awards, she encounters Kanye West…
… who humiliates her on live TV, saying Beyoncé should have won an award, not her. The US president defends her. * *
VOCABULARY P.15 ballad: ballade Billboard 200: classement hebdomadaire, établi par le Billboard magazine,
des 200 meilleures ventes d’albums sur le territoire des États-Unis toutes catégories musicales confondues
chart: rester au hit-parade decade: décennie
fellow Americans (my…): chers compatriotes indie: indé (indépendant)
I LOVE ENGLISH WORLD 347 - March 2022 -
jackass: (vulg.) crétin release: sortir stuff (love your…, by the way): j’adore ce que vous faites,
15
à propos sweep (awards): rafler (de nombreux prix)
Level 2
True Story =
Taylor gets* back in the game, defeating* big opponents… *
But radio DJ David Mueller is another kind of “player*”…
… who grabs* Taylor’s ass* during a photoshoot* together in 2013.
Mueller denies* everything, suing* Taylor for $3 million in defamation*. She countersues* for sexual* assault, demanding and winning $1 in 2017. Two months later, #MeToo starts. * * (1)
PLAYER SCORE: $1, TOTAL MORAL VICTORY (1) Real courtroom* quote VOCABULARY P.16 ass: fesses back (in the… of): à l’arrière de
countersue: poursuivre en justice à son tour courtroom quote: paroles prononcées pendant le procès
defamation: diffamation defeat opponents: vaincre des adversaires
16
deny: nier get back in the game: revenir à la charge grab: pincer
located (to be…): se trouver photoshoot: séance photo player: goujat
- I LOVE ENGLISH WORLD 347 - March 2022
sexual assault: agression sexuelle streamer: diffuseurs sue: poursuivre en justice
But by* then player Kanye West is also back! When Taylor objects* to him calling her a “bitch*” in a song, he produces video that suggests, incorrectly*, she gave him her approval*. #TaylorSwiftIsOverParty trends* no.1 on Twitter worldwide.(2)
(2) In 2020 a full version of the video was leaked*. It proved that Taylor Swift had been telling the truth and that West never said he would be calling her a “bitch”.
But when West’s former* manager buys the rights* to Taylor’s first six albums for more than $300 million, she fights* back in extraordinary style.
2021’s “Taylor’s Version” albums are perfect reproductions. Her fans boycott the originals, rendering* them valueless*.
*
* *
FINAL PLAYER SCORE(3): • MOST SUCCESSFUL ARTIST OF 2014, 2019 & 2020 • THE ONLY WOMAN EVER TO WIN 3 ALBUM OF THE YEAR GRAMMYS • 23 NO.1S ON THE US DIGITAL SONG SALES* CHART – A RECORD • 34 AMERICAN MUSIC AWARDS – AN ALL-TIME* RECORD • 3 UK NO.1 ALBUMS IN 259 DAYS – AN ALL-TIME RECORD • WOMAN OF THE DECADE – BILLBOARD MAGAZINE, 2019 (3) as* of 1 January 2022 VOCABULARY P.17 all-time: de tout temps approval: approbation as of: à la date de
bitch: (vulg.) salope by then: à ce moment fight back: monter à la charge
fine: très bien former manager: ancien producteur incorrectly: faussement
leak: fuiter note for note: note par note object: protester re-record: ré-enregistrer
render: rendre rights: droits sales chart: classement de ventes
I LOVE ENGLISH WORLD 347 - March 2022 -
17
trend: être le plus populaire sur les réseaux sociaux valueless: sans valeur
Level 2
De Agostini Picture Lib./G. Dagli Orti/Akg-images
Inspiration =
1533-1603 Elizabeth I
8iconic
1820-1910
Akg-images
Florence Nightingale
K
nown as “the Virgin* Queen”, Elizabeth preserved her authority by never marrying*. She ruled* England at a time of extreme religious and political tension and survived numerous assassination plots*, while marking the start of the country’s eventual* rise to being a maritime superpower.
T
Akg-images
White House Photo/Alamy/Hemis.fr
he founder of modern nursing*, Nightingale was a formidable social reformer* and precursor for women’s entry into the labour* force. She pioneered* statistics and infographics in the cause of improving* public* health.
1914-2000
Hedy Lamarr
T
he Austrian-born Hollywood actress was known as “the most beautiful woman in the world” in the 1940s, but she’s on our list for her brains* not her beauty. Lamarr was also an inventor who, during the Second World War, proposed the scientific principles behind some of today’s key* technologies: bluetooth, GPS and Wi-Fi.
VOCABULARY P.18 brains: intelligence eventual rise: ascension ultérieure fame: célébrité figure: personnage
First Lady: Première dame former: ancien impressive: impressionnant improve: améliorer
Ivy League: groupe de huit universités privées du NordEst des États-Unis, parmi les plus anciennes et les plus prestigieuses du pays
18
1964 Michelle Obama
he may have found fame* as the wife of a former* US president, but there is no doubt that Michelle is S an impressive* and inspirational figure* in her own* right. The only First* Lady to have been to an Ivy* League university, she used her platform* to mount* a worldwide campaign for better female education opportunities. key: clé labour force: population active marry: se marier
mount a worldwide campaign: monter une campagne mondiale nursing: soins infirmiers
- I LOVE ENGLISH WORLD 347- March 2022
own right (in her): en elle-même pioneer: innover platform (use one’s): utiliser sa position
plot: complot public health: santé publique reformer: réformatrice rule: régner virgin: vierge
Emmeline Pankhurst
here’s no avoiding* the leader of the Suffragette movement in Britain, who used militant tactics* T and violence to demand* votes for women.
Astrid Stawiarz/Getty/AFP
Elections were finally opened to some women in 1918. French women would have to wait until 1944.
1990
Emma Watson
A
s* soon as the Harry Potter film saga was finished, actress Emma Watson cut* her Hermione hair short and refashioned* herself into a feminist campaigner*. She spoke* at the United Nations and launched the #HeForShe campaign to encourage men to support* feminism. VOCABULARY P.19 as soon as: dès que attempt: tentative avoiding (there’s no): impossible de ne pas mentionner
campaign for: se mobiliser pour campaigner: activiste clues to what happened: indices sur ce qui s’est passé
1897-1937
Amelia Earhart
T
his list needs a woman adventurer, and Earhart is probably the most famous of them all. She was the first woman to fly* solo across the Atlantic, in 1932. During her attempt* to circumnavigate the globe in 1937, Earhart’s plane went* down somewhere in the Pacific. More than 80 years later*, Earhart enthusiasts* are still looking for the crash* site and clues* to what happened.
Michael Gottschalk/photothek/picture alliance
1858-1928
TT News Agency / SVT/Akg-images
From health to technology, politics to education, these women have inspired generations of other women to succeed
Granger/Shutterstock
women
BY RUPERT MORGAN
1997 Malala Yousafzai
T
he world’s youngest Nobel Prize laureate (she won the Peace prize aged 17), Malala has been campaigning* for equality in access to education since she was 11. In 2012, she survived an assassination attempt* by the Taliban in Pakistan, and has since become a global symbol of the fight* for girls’ right* to education.
crash site: l’emplacement de l’épave (de son avion) cut her hair short: se couper court les cheveux demand: exiger
enthusiast: fan fight: lutte fly across traverser au vol
go (p. went) down: s’écraser, s’abîmer later: plus tard refashion (oneself): se remodeler
I LOVE ENGLISH WORLD 347 - March 2022 -
19
right: droit speak (p. spoke) at: prononcer un discours au support: soutenir tactic: stratégie
One day, a man was beating* his wife in the northern Indian town of Banda in Uttar Pradesh. Another woman, Sampat Pal Devi, tried to intervene and help her. So the man beat her too. Normally, that would be the end* of it. Such beatings* are not uncommon*, especially for women on the lowest* level of India’s caste* system, the Dalits (or “untouchables”), which both these women were. But the next day, Devi came back with five other women, all carrying large bamboo sticks* called lathi. The man, it is said, was “taught* an ancient lesson in humility”. That day, in 2006, was the start of a movement that now involves* hundreds of thousands of Indian women across Uttar Pradesh, India’s poorest state. The women, mostly Dalits, are called the Gulabi Gang – a reference to the hot* pink saris they wear to identify themselves.
ainul muttaqin/Noun Project
INDIA’S WOMEN WARRIORS. Scanne ce QR code pour écouter cet article sur notre chaîne YouTube.
Level 2
India’s Women Society =
Founded* in 2006, the Gulabi Gang movement has been fighting* back against systems of domestic violence and abuse*
Women in defence of women
“I get a lot of respect and dignity when I wear the pink sari,” one member told Canada’s CBC channel. “Men speak nicely*, they listen to me, they’re not authoritarian anymore.” The women say they are not a gang in the traditional sense, but “a gang for justice”. They are vigilantes* ready to defend women who come to them for help. Their first choice is to ask the police to do something, but in this part of India, the police are notoriously* corrupt*, and defending women against domestic violence is not something that interests them. “All our women can stand* up to the men and, if* need be, seek* retribution through lathis,” says one Gang commander*. Self-defence* isn’t the only skill* Gang members learn, though. They are also taught something equally essential in a society where wives are often treated as slaves*: how to be economically self-sufficient*. VOCABULARY P.20 abuse: maltraitance beat: battre beating: raclée
caste system: système de stratification sociale parmi les Hindous, vieille de 3000 ans, qui classent les gens selon leur travail
commander: chef(fe) corrupt: corrompu end (to be the… of it): être la fin de l’histoire
20 -
POWERFUL IN PINK: the Gulabi Gang takes its name from the Hindi word for “pink”, the colour of the group’s uniform. fight back: se défendre found: fonder hot pink: rose vif if need be: si besoin
involve: rassembler low: bas nicely: poliment notoriously: notoirement
I LOVE ENGLISH WORLD 347 - March 2022
seek retribution: punir self-defence: autodéfense (voir la note jaune)
self-sufficient: autosuffisant skill: compétence slave: esclave stand up to: tenir tête à
!
LE PLUS :
en anglais, on dit
self pour parler de soi. Par exemple, self-esteem = amour propre, self-defence = autodéfense (in selfdefence = en légitime défense) et self-sufficient = autonome.
Vladimir Belochkin/Noun Project
S W R A R O I R WARRIORS R S A W
BY RUPERT MORGAN
270,000
women are in the Gulabi Gang
90%
of rape* victims are Dalits (or “untouchables”)
of Indian men believe women should tolerate domestic violence and sometimes deserve* to be beaten*
50%
of Indian women have been victims of violence at some point*, according* to a 2013 survey* A 2018 poll* ranked* India as “the world’s most dangerous country for women” stick: tige teach (pp, p taught) a lesson: donner une bonne leçon
uncommon: rare vigilante: membre d’une milice privée
VOCABULARY P.21 according to: selon beaten (to be…): être battu deserve: mériter
Joerg Boethling/Alamy/Hemis.fr
point (at some…): à un moment donné poll: sondage rank: classer
rape: viol survey: sondage
I LOVE ENGLISH WORLD 347 - March 2022 - 21
[Sources: Hindustan Times, BBC, New Indian Express, unearthwomen.com, mea.gov.in, Reuters]
65%
Exercises =
Level 2
Icon: ainul muttaqin/Noun Project
1. Gulabi Gang: reading comprehension Read the article on pages 20 to 21, then answer these questions.
1. What is Sampat Pal Devi’s relationship to the woman being abused? A. She is family B. She is a friend C. The writer doesn’t say 2. In India, Dalits are ______. A. privileged
B. oppressed
C. wealthy
3. True or false? The Gulabi Gang consists solely of Dalits or “untouchables”. A. True B. False C. belongs
5. In Uttar Pradesh, the police are famously______. A. helpful B. corrupt
C. vigilant
6. What does “stand up to” mean (second to last paragraph)? A. To defend oneself B. To take revenge
C. To complain about
Joerg Boethling/Alamy/Hemis.fr
Design by Freepik
4. Find a synonym for “involves” (paragraph 3). A. experiences B. comprises
2. Word building: female icons
Complete these sentences with the correct form of the word in capitals.
1. Michelle Obama is known for her ___________ speeches. INSPIRE 2. Malala Yousafzai has become a ___________ symbol of the fight for girls’ right to education. 3. Hollywood star Hedy Lamarr was also an ___________ who proposed the scientific principles behind some of today’s key technologies, including WiFi. INVENT
22 -
I LOVE ENGLISH WORLD 347 - March 2022
GLOBE
BY TARA SWANN
3. Street talk: girl power GIRL POWER. Scanne ce QR code pour découvrir notre vidéo sur YouTube et réponds ensuite aux questions de compréhension.
Five young Americans talk about their views on sexism and gender equality. Watch the video and answer the questions below.
TIFFANY
NICK
1. Nick thinks that society “puts unfair standards on kids”. In other words...
A. society expects too much of them B. society is too competitive 2. True or false? According to Tony,
the same opportunities in...
A. engineering, biotech, art, maths B. genetics, biotech, computing, art C. engineering, biotech, science, art
and Tiffany’s outlook as positive or negative?
A. true B. false
3. True or false? Mikala thinks that equality has been achieved in the workplace.
A. true B. false
A. negative – gender bias is becoming more and more of a problem. B. positive – society is evolving and there is more awareness about sexism.
I LOVE ENGLISH WORLD 347 - March 2022 -
23
n Pr ojec t/ Nou
aware: conscient expected: attendu geared towards: destiné à/aux overall: en général overexplain: sur-expliquer raise: élever relevant: pertinent right of way: droit de passage set apart (from): démarquer de struggle: lutte witness: témoigner
Icon ic
VIDEO VOCABULARY
4. Mikala says that society is “geared towards A. more favourable to men B. more challenging for men
5. According to Nicole, girls and boys don’t have
7. In general, would you describe Mikala, Nicole
girls are encouraged to have a career.
men”. She means it is...
ere are more “Every day th rl ments, more gi feminist move re mo ng vi s… gi power movement women that to e ic vo of a e before.” didn’t have on
Video Screenshot/Hélène Labriet-Gross
n’s lives “Overall, wome th genders bo t are harder, bu that should s le gg ru st ve ha sed.” es dr be ad
Video Screenshot/Hélène Labriet-Gross
CLAUDIA
Solutions p.35
Level 3
STAND ASIDE, MEN. Scanne ce QR code pour écouter cet article sur notre chaîne YouTube.
* Stand
aside,
= Cinema
BY RUPERT MORGAN
men
How women have evolved* on the cinema screen
ainul muttaqin/Noun Project
Fay Wray looks a little distressed* in King Kong (1933).
1. The damsel* in distress
Rko/Kobal/Shutterstock
A
n innocent woman is in danger. Maybe it’s from a bad* guy, or a monster, or a disaster… But she’s saved by a hero with whom she falls in love and they live* happily ever after… The End. We may not like to admit it, but this is our all-time* favourite story, retold* endlessly by every generation and culture. It has travelled unchanged from ancient times through to the modern era* in poems, books and films. They’re clearly not great role models: damsels* are weak*,
2. The femme fatale
A
n equally ancient character archetype is the femme fatale. Unlike damsels, femmes fatales are neither passive nor innocent – which, the stories say, is a bad thing. At best, her seductive power is a danger to the hero because it will make him stay home with her rather than do heroic deeds*. At worst, it is surely the most toxic characterisation in cultural history. The message is that “female sexuality is dangerous”, which easily becomes “women VOCABULARY P.24 aim at: cibler all-time: de tout temps bad guy: méchant beyond: au-delà
brainwashing: lavage de cerveau challenge: mettre en question damsel: demoiselle
are immoral”. That’s an idea that has kept women oppressed* for millennia* and still does in parts of the world. It only started to be challenged* in the great novels of the 1800s. As with so many real women, things end badly for Tess of the d’Urbervilles, Anna Karenina, Madame Bovary and others. But if these were great novels, it was because they dared* say that this situation was unjust. By the 20th century, the femme fatales of early* cinema could be knowing* and not inevitably bad. dare: oser deed: acte dismiss: écarter distressed: en détresse
24
early cinema: débuts du cinéma era: époque evolve: évoluer knowing: averti
heroes are strong. Or women are passive, men active. This is not sexual equality, but before dismissing* these stories as patriarchal brainwashing* it’s worth* asking who they were really aimed* at – men or women? Their basic message is that men should be protectors not predators, which is not a bad lesson. Historically, in fact, it has probably been a necessary lesson. Hopefully, we’ve evolved* beyond* that need now.
Lauren Bacall (in 1946), star of the film noir era*. You know she’s trouble*.
Scotty Welbourne/Warner Bros/Kobal/Shutterstock
live happily ever after: vivre heureux par la suite millennia: millénaires oppress: opprimer
- I LOVE ENGLISH WORLD 347 - March 2022
retell (p. retold) endlessly: sans cesse raconter stand aside: écartez-vous
trouble (to be…): être dangereux weak: faible worth (to be…): valoir le coup
3. The girl* next door
C
asablanca is one of the greatest movies ever. Spoiler alert: it ends sadly when the hero renounces his one true* love, who remains* in her loveless* marriage. What is not generally realised is that the movie had to end that way because of the Hays Code of 1930, a censorship* regimen in US cinema that forbade* – among* a great many
other things – extra-marital* affairs. By 1954, when the code was finally abandoned, it had resulted in a cinema full of perfect housewives and wholesome* “girl-next-door*” types. With American movies so conformist and conservative, all the interesting women at this time were to be found in European cinema.
Grace Kelly in 1954. The cool, classy* blonde later became a royal in real life!
Doris Day often played the saccharine* characters that cinema offered actresses in the 1950s.
Snap/Shutterstock
4. Ice queens
T
time: cool, classy*, manipulative and self-confident*. They were certainly temptresses*, their motives* often uncertain, but they had such a controlled sensuality that even the Hays Code could not find* fault with them.
Kobal/Shutterstock
he closest 1950s American cinema got to the more intriguing female characters of film noir are the famous “ice blondes”, such as Grace Kelly, in the thrillers of Alfred Hitchcock. These characters were stronger and darker than in most cinema of the
W
ith women’s liberation, free love and the arrival of the pill*, the 1960s changed everything, obviously. Or maybe… not so much? Sure, the new era* allowed female characters to finally escape* the moral strictures* attached to women’s sexuality in the past, but with cinema still very much a male-controlled industry, VOCABULARY P.25 all too often found themselves playing: (elles) ne se sont retrouvées que trop souvent à jouer…
roles for actresses did not necessarily become more interesting or more complex. Even the best actresses – such as double Oscar-winner Jane Fonda – all* too often found themselves playing highly objectified* roles in films where the men generally drove* the story.
among: parmi censorship: censure classy: de grande classe drive (p. drove) the story: mener l’intrigue
era: époque escape: s’échapper à extra-marital: extraconjugal find fault with:
reprocher à forbid (p. forbade): interdire girl next door: fille d’à côté
Paramount/Kobal/Shutterstock
5. Sex* kittens
Jane Fonda in Barbarella (1968), a symbol of women’s liberation. loveless: sans amour motive: intention objectified role: en rôle de femme-objet pill: pilule
I LOVE ENGLISH WORLD 347 - March 2022 - 25
remain: rester saccharine: à l’eau de rose self-confident: sûr de soi
sex kitten: fille sexy stricture: contrainte temptress: séductrice true: véritable wholesome: sage
Level 3
= Cinema
6. Sci-fi fighters
I
s it significant that the first characters to break the damsel* in distress format were not on Earth? In 1977’s Star Wars, Princess Leia seems at first to occupy the classic role, but when the heroes come to save her, she grabs* a blaster and takes* command of her own rescue* mission. Two years later, the film Alien had Sigourney Weaver trying to survive after a terrifying monster massacres
Sigourney Weaver keeps* her cool as Ripley in Alien: Resurrection (1997).
her crewmates*. Her character fares* no better or worse than a man would, but she keeps* her cool and uses her intelligence… which was frankly* revolutionary because her gender wasn’t an issue*. It’s not an issue either in the Terminator films where Sarah Connor rapidly evolves* from ordinary woman into an icon of robot-kicking* female independence. Where sci-fi led*, other genres soon followed…
Twentieth Century Fox Film Corp./Rnb/Coll Christophel
7. Super students veryone knows that girls generally take school more seriously than boys, who are genetically programmed to be prats* until around the age of 25. That basic truth is central to both the heroines of the two biggest fantasy epics of the modern era: Harry Potter and Game of Thrones.
While Hermione Granger and Arya Stark are very different characters, they both succeed and surpass the males around them by the simple virtue of studying harder. In adventure stories, male characters who study hard were usually the villains*.
Lionsgate/Color Force/Coll. Christophel
Jennifer Lawrence (2012), looks anything* but distressed as Katniss in The Hunger Games.
VOCABULARY P.26 anything but distressed: tout sauf en détresse ass-kicking: redoutable
at first glance: au premier abord crewmate: co-équipier damsel: demoiselle evolve: évoluer fare: s’en tirer
frankly: franchement grab a blaster: saisir un pistolet laser issue (to be an…): être un problème
26
Warner Bros/1492 Pictures/Coll. Christophel
E
Emma Watson in 2004 as Hermione: never underestimate hard work, boys!
8. Warrior women
K
atniss Everdeen in The Hunger Games, Wonder Woman and Captain Marvel, Furiosa in Mad Max: women action heroes are everywhere, saving men and battling monsters. At* first glance, it looks like easy role-reversal* – the traits of male heroes simply being transferred onto female characters. There is some truth* in that, but what’s interesting is that most don’t behave like male keep her cool: garder son sang-froid lead (p. led): mener lightly: à la légère mercy killing:
euthanasie prat: andouille rescue: sauvetage robot-kicking: qui déglingue les robots
- I LOVE ENGLISH WORLD 347 - March 2022
action heroes. These women don’t want to fight, ideally, and they certainly don’t take violence lightly*. Wonder Woman views war as the greatest possible atrocity. In The Hunger Games, surprisingly, Katniss only directly kills two people – and one of those is a mercy* killing. So although, like male heroes, women may be ass-kicking* warriors, they have a better message. We’re still evolving*. role reversal: inversion des rôles take command: prendre le commandement
truth (there is some…): il y a du vrai là-dedans villain: méchant
Pu ub bll ic icit itéé
Désir et
revanche
Vous laisserez-vous consumer ?
Désormais, tout son être criait vengeance. Le capitaine Zharo. Kamon Mercado. Moray. Ils allaient tous y goûter.
EN LIBRAIRIE 17,90 € EXISTE ÉGALEMENT EN VERSION NUMÉRIQUE 12,99 €
© Studio Bayard Éditions
Exploitée par le cruel capitaine Zharo depuis sept ans afin d’éponger les dettes de ses parents, Anguille s’apprête à quitter le Saumâtre et retrouver la terre ferme. De retour à Moray, la jeune fille n’a plus qu’un seul but : se venger de l’homme qui a ruiné sa famille. Anguille se fait passer pour une comtesse pour s’approcher de ses ennemis. Mais plus elle s’empêtre dans ce jeu de dupes, plus son chemin se mêle à celui de l’énigmatique Cayo, le fils de l’homme qu’elle cherche à faire tomber…
Women Level 3
WOMEN TAKING CHARGE Scanne ce QR code pour écouter cet article sur notre chaîne YouTube.
= Politics
TAKING * CHARGE
T
Antti Yrjonen/NurPhoto/AFP
owards* the end of 2020, after nine months of Covid-19 pandemic and before the arrival of vaccines changed everything, an unexpected* pattern between different western democracies became clear. Some countries had far* lower rates of infection and death than others, but what these countries had in common was not connected to the Covid-19 virus. It was that they had elected women leaders.
The countries worst* affected – to no one’s surprise – were those whose leaders adopted a macho attitude that minimised the gravity of the danger, such as Donald Trump in the USA, Britain’s Boris Johnson and Jair Bolsonaro of Brazil. But most countries were led* by men who had reacted in a responsible manner, so why did they have less favourable results than most female-led countries? Was it to do with the nature of the countries in question?
VOCABULARY PAGES 28-29 by the year: au fil des ans attractive: attrayant CEO: PDG beat at their own charge (in): aux commandes game: battre charity sector: domaine caritatif à leur propre jeu confidence: confiance en soi
28
currently: actuellement death toll: bilan, nombre de décès end up: finir par expected to: censé
far lower rates: taux beaucoup plus bas fight for power: se battre pour obtenir le pouvoir
Many were small Nordic nations and perhaps it was simply a question of them being less* densely-populated or more rule-abiding* than their larger southern neighbours. But that didn’t explain why Sweden – the only one of the five sovereign Nordic countries currently* led by a man – had 4.6 times the number of deaths of its socially and demographically similar neighbour Denmark. Nor why France under Emmanuel Macron fit (make a good): être bien adapté à gender-balanced: parité entre hommes et femmes grow more divided:
- I LOVE ENGLISH WORLD 347 - March 2022
être de plus en plus divisé inclined to (to be): être disposé à lead, led by: diriger, dirigé par less densely-populated: moins densément peuplé
corpus delicti/Noun Project
that focussed on social cohesion and compassion. Germany’s Angela Merkel, for instance, talked about the potential death* toll, saying: “These are not just abstract numbers in statistics. This is about a father or grandfather, a mother or grandmother, a partner – this is about people.” What seems to have happened is that the citizens of these countries reacted to the empathy demonstrated by their leaders by showing it to one another: they observed social distancing better and wore masks more because there was a sense of reciprocity rather than simple prohibition. Leadership in these countries was presented not just in terms of “taking* charge” but also as a responsibility to “take* care”. This mirrors* studies of women leaders in the business world. Women bosses typically score* higher than men on collaboration, communication and relational skills*. And this is apparently good for business, as companies with gender-balanced* management teams typically perform* 25% better than male-dominated ones. So why do only 24 of the world’s 196 countries have a woman in charge*? And why are women CEOs* still a rarity* in business? One reason is motivation. In politics and business, people are expected* to fight* for power. But what if women are more inclined* to fight for purpose*? Look at society, where the masculinity of the political and business worlds is mirrored by a female dominance of the public and charity* sectors.
PORTRAITS OF POWER: Sanna Marin, Finland’s prime minister (second from right), leads* a coalition government dominated by women. Here in 2019 (left to right): Li Andersson, minister of education, Maria Ohisalo, minister of the interior, and Katri Kulmuni, ex-finance minister.
had 4.3 times more deaths than neighbouring Germany under the leadership of Angela Merkel.
Leading with empathy
One key factor seems to be the rhetoric used by male and female leaders. Men typically talked about the crisis using war* as a metaphor. Exceptional measures such as lockdowns* were justified by the necessity of this “war”. In contrast, women leaders adopted an empathetic discourse lockdown: confinement mirror: refléter perform better: mieux réussir purpose: but, objectif
rarity: exception, rareté remain deeply attached to: rester profondément attaché à rule-abiding (more): plus enclin à respecter les règles
score higher: obtenir plus de points skill: voir note jaune suit: costume take care: prendre soin
take charge: prendre les choses en main talk tough: parler d’un ton ferme towards: vers
I LOVE ENGLISH WORLD 347 March 2022 - 29
!
BY RUPERT MORGAN
LE PLUS : on peut distinguer les “skills” (talents, compétences et aptitudes) des “qualifications” (diplômes universitaires, et autres acquis et expériences liés à un parcours professionnel).
Scandinavian societies, with their egalitarianism and strong social welfare* systems, make a good fit* for women leaders. Finland, for example, is now governed by a coalition of five political parties, all of which are led by women.
Competence or confidence*? For now, the bigger and more “muscular” democracies that view* themselves as world powers remain* deeply attached to the traditional meaning of a “strong leader” as someone who is decisive and confident rather than someone who is competent and empathetic. Women politicians who want to govern these countries typically minimize their gender difference – wearing suits*, talking* tough and aiming to beat* men at their own game. In some cases that can work: with Margaret Thatcher in the Britain of the 1980s, for example. But the closest the USA has come to having a female president was the 2016 election between Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton. American voters in that instance ended* up choosing a charismatic narcissist over a more qualified female candidate. The pandemic has at least made people question what is more important in a leader: do we want confidence* or just competence? And in a world that seems to grow* more divided and dangerous by* the year, politicians who offer a calmer, more empathetic style of leadership will perhaps become more attractive* to voters…
unexpected pattern: schéma inattendu view themselves: qui se considèrent comme war: guerre
welfare system: système de sécurité sociale worst affected: plus durement touché
Level 3
Shutterstock
young women
Estonia: Kaja Kallas
Jacques Witt/Sipa
5
Finland: Sanna Marin
leaders
T
he youngest prime minister in Finnish* history, Marin leads* a coalition government in which all five party leaders are women. Raised* by her mother and her mother’s same-sex partner, she was the first of her family to go to university, where her political conscience was first awakened*. “I’m in politics because I thought that the older generation wasn’t doing enough about the big issues* of the future. I needed to act*. I couldn’t just think ‘It’s somebody else’s job’.”
New Zealand: Jacinda Ardern
Iceland: Katrin Jakobsdóttir
S
he may be the first female leader of her country, but Kallas is not the first political figure in her own family. Her father was also prime minister and her grandfather is one of Estonia’s founding* figures. An ex-lawyer*, she leads* the country, however, at a crucial time when how to handle* Russia’s growing aggression is the dominant question in national politics. Her tough* rhetoric concerning Russia is also connected to her personal history, her family having been deported to Siberia when Estonia was under Soviet rule*.
Mark Baker/AP/Sipa
Denmark: Mette Frederiksen
VOCABULARY P.30 act: agir although: bien que awaken: éveiller ban: interdire collect from: saisi
cancel: annuler effectively (so…): de manière si efficace ex-lawyer: ex avocat Finnish: finlandais following: suivant
A
fter four years at the head* of a coalition government, Katrin Jakobsdóttir remains* highly* popular and respected, thanks, in part, to her management of the Covid-19 pandemic. And, although* her party lost* seats in the 2021 elections, polls* done in the following* days showed that a large majority of Icelanders wanted her to remain as national leader, so she still leads* the coalition government. founding figure: personnage fondateur gunman: tireur handle: gérer
30
head (at the…): à la tête de highly effective: hautement efficace
highly popular: très apprécié impressive handling: gestion exemplaire issue: question
- I LOVE ENGLISH WORLD 347 - March 2022
Francis Dean/Shutterstock
acinda Ardern topped* Fortune magazine’s list of the ”World’s Greatest Leaders in 2021”. This was not just because of her impressive* handling of the Covid pandemic, but also because of how she has used empathy so effectively* in other crises. Following* the 2019 massacre of 51 Muslims in a Christchurch mosque by an extreme right gunman*, the prime minister was both a powerful voice of national unity and support to victims, but also highly* effective in banning* semi-automatic weapons* rapidly and then collecting* 62,000 of them from citizens.
Ray Tang/Lnp/Rex/Sipa
J
F
rederiksen is Denmark’s youngest ever prime minister, but only its second woman in that job following* her predecessor, Helle Thorning-Schmidt. She famously refused to sell Greenland to the United States in 2019, causing a furious Donald Trump to cancel* his planned state visit to Denmark. Under her, Denmark is on* course to reduce its CO2 emissions by 70% by 2030.
lead: diriger lose (p. lost) seats: perdre des sièges on course to: en bonne voie pour poll: sondage
raised by: élevé par remain: rester rule: régime top: être en haut tough: ferme, dur weapon: arme
* Chéri, tu ne lis pas I LOVE ENGLISH WORLD !
+
s cise Exer de! insi
Level 1
Level 2
Level 3
Level 1
Interview with a Martian
The future of energy
Artificial Intelligence it’s now!
England according to Is British food Martin Parr terrible?
1943506687.indd 1
BAYARD 18:06:19 Juillet 13, 2021 _6CTFX_TDYN0342P001.pdf
13/07/2021 18:02
1236220037.indd 1
Level 2
A better world
Level 1
Will Britain break up?
Saving wild animals 16/09/2021 10:10
1127133512.indd 1
ILoveEnglish WORLD
345 - JANUARY 2022
+
s cise Exer de! insi
LoS AnGeleS Cool city
Le magazine + l’audio
346 - FEBRUARY 2022
WORLD
Le magazine + l’audio
WORLD
ILoveEnglish WORLD
WORLD
ILoveEnglish LoveEnglish WORLD
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Exercises =
Level 3
1. Women in charge: prepositions
In “Women taking charge”, on pages 28 to 30, there are many examples of verbs or adjectives followed by a preposition: “connect to”, “focus on”... Here, match the verb or adjective to its preposition or prepositions! ...TO
... OF
... ON
... IN
FOCUS
AGREE
INVOLVED
DECIDE
CAPABLE
DEPEND
AWARE
INTERESTED
REACT
AFRAID
2. Inspirational speeches:
boost your word power
Adrien Coquet/Noun Project
Designed by Freepik
focus
In the US, guest speakers give commencement speeches to graduating students. Here’s an extract from one by producer Shonda Rhimes. Find a synonym for the words or phrases in bold. “Ditch1 the dream and be a doer, not a dreamer. Maybe you know exactly what it is you dream of being, or maybe you’re paralyzed because you have no idea what your passion is. The truth is, it doesn’t matter2. You don’t have to know. You just have to keep moving forward3. You just have to keep doing something, seizing4 the next opportunity5, staying open to trying something new. It doesn’t have to fit6 your vision of the perfect job or the perfect life. Perfect is boring and dreams are not real.” (Dartmouth, 2014)
1. A. abandon 2. A. it’s worrying 3. A. advancing 4. A. dropping 5. A. occasion 6. A. differ from
B. live B. it’s not important B. dancing B. discarding B. luck B. wear
C. adopt C. it’s enormous C. believing C. taking C. decision C. coincide with Noun Project
32
- I LOVE ENGLISH WORLD 347 - March 2022
BY TARA SWANN
3. Gender equality:
listening comprehension EMMA WATSON “HEFORSHE SPEECH”: scanne ce QR code pour écouter son discours et répondre aux questions.
Listen to Emma Watson’s speech on gender equality, and answer the following questions. The questions concern the first five minutes of the 12-minute clip. TOP TIP: IMPROVE YOUR LISTENING SKILLS!
Albin Lohr-Jones/Pacific Press/Abaca
Read the transcript of Emma Watson’s speech on unwomen.org (https://tinyurl.com/4th6mp3v) and watch the video again: first, with the script in front of you, then without!
4. When did Emma Watson first start questioning gender-based assumptions?
A. at age 8 B. at age 15 C. at age 14
5. As a child, Emma says that people described her as “bossy”. Were those people…
1. What is the central idea of Emma Watson’s HeForShe speech to the United Nations?
A. Gender inequality is a subject that should concern both women and men B. Feminism is an unpopular word which is why the campaign is called HeForShe C. Gender inequality is an issue that affects only women
A. congratulating her on dynamism B. criticising her for being too authoritarian 6. For Emma, a feminist is someone who… A. is aggressive, controlling and hates men B. considers that women should have the same rights and opportunites as men do C. thinks women are more intelligent than men 7. Why did some of Emma’s girlfriends give up
their sports teams?
2. True or false? Emma Watson is proud
A. they didn’t want their bodies to change B. they developed other interests C. they weren’t allowed to play
to call herself a feminist.
A. true B. false
3. What is Emma Watson’s role for the UN? A. Goodwill ambassador for UN Women B. Secretary General
8. True or false? Emma believes that only a few countries have achieved gender equality?
A. true B. false
Solutions p.35 I LOVE ENGLISH WORLD 347 - March 2022 - 33
Expressions
BY TARA SWANN
Expressions about
power, courage & excellence DÉCOUVRE NOTRE VIDÉO. Scanne ce QR code pour visionner la vidéo Expressions sur notre chaîne YouTube. Tu pourras alors compléter les traductions manquantes.
To drive a hard bargain Être dur en affaires
To be in the driving seat
To be on the ball Connaître son affaire ; être à la hauteur ; être réactif / vif
To be kick-ass
To take a stand To be in a class / league of one’s own
To leave someone standing
Être sans égal / hors pair / au-dessus du lot
To make one’s voice heard
To carry weight
Avoir de l’influence
34
To call the shots Mener le jeu
- I LOVE ENGLISH WORLD 347 - March 2022
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Interview… with a royal hat! go/Getty Max Mumby/Indi
Elizabeth II has worn more than 5,000 hats as queen. One of them reveals its secrets…
Level 2
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The Queen’s role What does Britain’s monarch really do? Time to find out…
Level 3
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Rejoins-nous vite !
La chaîne YouTube/Phosphore c’est :
Mon bac français en poche
Jenna te fait réviser les grands classiques de la littérature.
Et aussi :
Mon métier en 2 minutes Les pros te font découvrir leur métier. Point de vue Pour apprendre à décrypter les photos d’actu. www.youtube.com/Phosphore
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Solutions des jeux
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Charles: a future king
Will Prince Charles make a good king… or not? British opinion is divided.
Level 1. 1. Culture quiz. 1: A. 2: A. 3: A. 4: C. 5: C. 6: A. 7: C. 8: A. 9: B. 2. Song time. 1: go. 2: child. 3: chance. 4: around. 5: time. 6: choose. 7: what. 8: do. 3. Vocabulary. Name: Emma Watson. Profession: actor. Born in: Paris, France. Level 2. 1. Gulabi Gang. 1: C. 2: B. 3: B. 4: B. 5: B. 6: A. 2. Word building. 1: inspiring or inspirational. 2: global. 3: inventor. 3. Street talk: girl power. 1: A. 2: B. 3: B. 4: A. 5: C. 6: B. Level 3. 1. Prepositions. 1: agree to, decide to, react to, afraid to. 2: capable of, aware of, afraid of. 3: focus on, decide on, agree on, depend on. 4: involved in, interested in. 2. Inspirational speeches. 1: A. 2: B. 3: A. 4: C. 5: A. 6: C. 3. Gender equality. 1: A. 2: A. 3: A. 4: A. 5: B. 6: B. 7: A. 8: B (she says none have).
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Jeremy is not the most studious of teenagers but he knows how to apply* himself when he feels motivated!
© 2022 ZITS Partnership. Dist. by King Features
apply oneself: bien travailler, s’appliquer • count as: compter pour • semester grade: moyenne semestrielle • altogether: en tout • multiple-choice: à choix multiple • fill in the blank: compléter les blancs • essay: rédaction • left blank: laissé sans réponse • counted as incorrect: compté, considéré comme faux
look like: avoir l’air de • work hard: bien travailler • fine: bon, d’accord • college application essay: rédaction pour le dossier d’inscription à la fac • overcome: surmonter • worry: s’inquiéter • real names: vrais noms
