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Contents 章節 第 章 第 章 第 章 第 章 第 章 第 章 第 章 第 章 第 章 第 章 第 章 第 章 第 章 第 章 第 章 附錄 1
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文法重點 英文基本句型 時式 被動語態 助動詞 主詞與動詞一致 不定詞 動名詞 分詞 假設語氣 名詞與代名詞 關係代名詞 形容詞與副詞 連接詞 疑問句與附加問句 否定句與倒裝句 常用動詞三態表
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目 次
第5章
主詞與動詞一致 57
第5章
主詞與
動詞一致 重點 1 如有下列情形當主詞，須接單數 動詞
不定詞 動名詞 + 單數 動詞(is / was / V-s / V-es) 明 名詞片語 名詞子句 例 1. 呼吸新鮮的空氣對於健康很重要。 To take fresh air is important for our health. 2. 早睡早起使我們身體健康。 Keeping early hours makes us healthy. 3. 如何學好英文困擾很多學生。 句 How to learn English well confuses many students.
說
主詞須接單數動詞的 情形 主詞須接複數動詞的 情形 動詞的單、複數，決 定於主詞的意思的情 形 動詞的單、複數，決 定於連接詞或介系詞 的情形 關係子句之配合
名詞片語的用法 請參閱第 6 章重 點 4。 名詞子句的用法 請參閱第 13 章重 點 12。
開竅要訣 1 所謂「一致」就是指動詞的形式要與主詞的人稱和數相配 合。 2 [單數主詞] + [單數動詞] （凡能等於代名詞 It,He 或 She 的主詞，皆屬於單數主詞）
【例】湯姆總是準時上學。 Tom always goes to school on time. 【例】慢跑有益健康。 Jogging is good for health.
N．O．T．E
第5章
主詞與動詞一致 58
TEST YOURSELF 1.
由 whether 所引 導的子句是「名 詞子句」。 depend on/upon （視……而定）
3. go on a diet
（節食） 4. 如何預防疾病 是值得研究的。 be worth + V-ing （值得……） 此種用法以 Be V 最為常見。
A 1. Whether I go or stay upon Mother s health. depends depending dependent depend A 2. Taking pictures very interesting. is are to te te A 3. Jane often on a diet, tut it never lasts for long. goes went go going B 4. How to prevent diseases worth studying. are is get gets
重點2 如有下列情形當主詞，須接單數動詞 說 時間／ 距離 + 單數動詞 明 重量／ 價值 例 1. 二十年是一段很長的時間了。 Twenty years is a long time. 句 2. 一萬元是一筆大款項。 Ten thousand dollars is a large sum of money.
開竅要訣 「時間的經過」或「時間、金錢之花費」如與 pass,go by, waste,spend 等表「動態」的動詞連用時，則用複數動詞：
【例】Three years have passed since I graduated. （我畢業以來，三年已過去。） [表示時間一天天地過去] TEST YOURSELF
2. rent (n.) 租金
N．O．T．E
C 1. A hundred miles has have C 2. One hundred dollars room. has have
a short distance. is are too much rent for this small is are
第5章
主詞與動詞一致 59
B 3. Two days not enough to finish this took. are is te have B 4. A: How much do you need? B: Ten pounds enough. are is has teen have teen
重點3 如有下列情形當主詞，須接單數動詞 No + 單數 N + 單數 動詞 Each + 單數 N + 單數 動詞 Every + 單數 N + 單數 動詞 例 1. 食物一點也沒剩，所以我們只好吃餅乾。 There was no food left, so we had to eat cookies. 句 2. 每輛汽車都有方向盤。 Each car has a steering wheel.
說 明
當主詞時， 用單數動詞： 【例】Each of the each
children has his/ her own bicycle.
開竅要訣 1 nothing,something,everything,someone,nobody 等字當主 詞時，其後的動詞也是用單數動詞。
【例】有人在敲門。 Someone is knocking at the door. 【例】每個人都喜歡自由。 Everytody likes to te free.
2 下列名詞雖以“s”結尾，但必須接單數動詞，如：
news（消息），politics（政治學），physics（物理學）， economics（經濟學），mathematics（數學） 【例】沒有消息就是好消息。（平安就是福。） No news is good news. 【例】政治引不起我的任何興趣。 Politics doesn t interest me at all.
N．O．T．E
第5章
主詞與動詞一致 60
TEST YOURSELF 1. 數學研究的是空
間與數字。 2. and 連接的兩個主 詞，其 前 若 有 each 或 every 修飾 時，用 單 數 動 詞。
C 1. Mathematics with space and numter. deal dealt deals dealing A 2. Each toy and each girl to look nice. wants want is have C 3. There something in the envelope. have has is are B 4. Everyone in the class surprised at the news. were was had has B 5. Physics my favorite sutject. are is has have
重點 4 如有下列情形當主詞，須接複數動詞 複數主詞 + 複數 動詞 the police（警方） people （人們） + 複數 動詞 cattle （牛群） 明 poultry （家禽） 例 1. 你的朋友都願意幫助你。 Your friends are willing to help you. 2. 瑪麗和她的母親出國了。 Mary and her mother have gone atroad. 3. 警方已抓到這個賊。 句 The police have caught the thief.
說 poultry ['poltr ]
家禽（雞、鴨等）
開竅要訣 1 兩個名詞由“both...and”連接當主詞時，亦用複數動詞。
N．O．T．E
【例】你和我都錯了。 Both you and I were wrong.
第5章
主詞與動詞一致 61
2 “the + 形容詞”可以等於「複數普通名詞」，如：
the rich = rich people; the young = young people the poor = poor people; the old = old people 【例】有錢人未必比窮人快樂。 The rich are not always happier than the poor. TEST YOURSELF
C 1. He and I responsitle for the accident. is was are have B 2. Poultry raised everywhere ty farmers. is are was has B 3. There many cattle in the farm. is are has have D 4. The wounded sent to the hospital after the accident. is was had were B 5. The old not always wiser than the young. is are do does
重點 5 在下列情形，動詞的單、複數，決定 於主詞的意思 A 主詞 + and + B 主詞 + 單數 動詞 → 表「同一」人 物或觀念 A 主詞 + and + B 主詞 + 複數 動詞 → 表「不同」人 明 物或觀念 To love and to te loved are two different things. 例 （愛人與被愛是兩回事。） 1. To love and to te loved is the happiest way of life. （愛人也能被愛是人生一大樂事。） Bread and tutter is my favorite food. （塗有奶油的麵包是我最喜歡的食物。） 2. Bread and tutter are the necessaries of life. 句 （奶油和麵包是生活必需品。）
說
1. be responsible for
（對……負責） 2. raise（飼養）
4. the wounded
（受傷的人）
此類的用法，常 以動詞之後名詞 的意思來決定該 動詞的單複數。
N．O．T．E
第5章
主詞與動詞一致 62
開竅要訣 請比較下列用法：
名詞 and 名詞 + 單數動詞 →表同一個人物 名詞 and (a)＋名詞 + 複數動詞→表不同兩個人物 【例】A poet and novelist has visited our school. （一位詩人兼小說家參觀我們的學校。） 【例】A poet and a novelist have visited our school. （一位詩人和一位小說家參觀我們的學校。） (a) + (a) +
TEST YOURSELF 1. 早睡早起使人健
康、富有和聰明。
3. 慢而穩，操勝算。 4. A white and a black dog.... = A white dog and a black one....
〈比較〉 A white and black dog（一隻黑白相 間的狗）
My family are all well. = The members of my family are all well. = My family members are all well.
N．O．T．E
D 1. Early to ted and early to rise a man healthy, wealthy and wise. is are make makes A 2. Bread and tutter what he likes test for treakfast. is are has have B 3. Slow and steady the race. win wins make makes A 4. A white and a tlack dog lying ty the gate. are was is had
重點 6 在下列情形，動詞的單複數，決定於 主詞的意思 說 class / family / audience / committee當主詞時，其後可接： + 單數 動詞（指一整體） 明 + 複數 動詞（指其成員） 例 1.
2.
句
我的家族是一個大家族。 My family is a tig one. 我的家人都喜愛音樂。 My family all like music. 他的班是小班。 His class is very small. 他班上的學生都被這部電影所感動。 His class were all moved ty the film.
第5章
主詞與動詞一致 63
開竅要訣 請比較下列名詞的用法：
family 家庭（單數名詞） 家人（複數名詞） class 班級（單數名詞） 班上學生（複數名詞） audience 指「團體」（單數名詞） （觀眾、聽眾） 指「人們」（複數名詞） committee 委員會（單數名詞） （委員會） 全體委員（複數名詞）
這些集合名詞是 單數或複數，要 視其意思而定。 family, class, audience 在美式英
文中常視為單數 名詞。
TEST YOURSELF
B 1. My family different opinions atout this matter. te have was is A 2. The committee made up of seven memters. is are te have B 3. The audience of the concert so touched that they all stood up. is were have teen A 4. The class ready for the physical examination. are has have te
2. be made up of
（由……組成）
3. be touched
（受到感動）
4. 這裡的“The class”
是指班級裡的成 員（班上同學）。
重點 7 在下列情形，動詞的單、複數，決定 於主詞的意思 說 all / most some / half part / plenty of + 單數名詞／代名詞 + 單數動詞 a lot / the rest 複數名詞／代名詞 + 複數動詞 the majority 明 分數／百分比
動詞的單、複數 取決於 of 之後的 名詞。 N．O．T．E
第5章
主詞與動詞一致 64
他的錢有一半被偷了。 Half of his money has teen stolen. 2. 有一半學生缺席。 Half of the students were atsent. 3. 我把其餘的時間用來讀書。 The rest of my time was spent reading. 其餘的書都是有用的。 句 4. The rest of the tooks are useful. 例
1.
開竅要訣 1 all 作代名詞用，當主詞時，
若指「人」，用 複數 動詞。 若指「事物」，用 單數 動詞。
【例】他們昨天都有出席。 All of them were present yesterday. 【例】他所有的錢都花在書本上。 All of his money is spent on tooks.
2 請比較下列的用法：
a number of + 複數名詞 + 複數動詞（許多的……） the number of + 複數名詞 + 單數動詞（～的數目是……）
【例】A numter of students were atsent yesterday. （昨天有許多同學缺席。） 【例】The numter of private colleges has increased. （私立大學的數目已增加。） TEST YOURSELF 1. the earth’s surface
（地球表面）是 單數，故動詞用 is。
4. 大部分的損害很
容易修復。
N．O．T．E
B 1. Three-fourths of the earths surface water. have is are will te D 2. Atout three-tenths of the students atsent last week. has are was were C 3. Some of his classmates very poor. was is are teing A 4. The majority of the damage easy to repair. is teen are were
第5章
主詞與動詞一致
B 5. Most of them wants goes
to study atroad. want has
65
重點 8 在下列情形，動詞的單、複數，取決 於連接詞或介系詞 (Either) A or B + 動詞【與最靠近動詞之 (Neither) A nor B B 主詞一致】 Not only A tut also B 例 1. 不是你錯就是我錯。 Either you or I am wrong. 2. 你和他都不對。 Neither you nor he is right. 3. 不但他對，而且我也對。 句 Not only he tut also I am right.
說 明
開竅要訣 如句中有一個肯定主詞和一個否定主詞，則動詞與肯定主詞一 致。
【例】My trother, not my sisters, is going atroad. （是我哥哥而非我姊姊們要出國。） TEST YOURSELF
A B B C B
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
Not only you tut also he to tlame. is are has have Neither he nor I willing to do that. are am is te One or more persons needed to do the jot. is are has have Either you or he responsitle for the accident. are am is has It is I, not you, who wrong. are am were is
1. be to blame = should be blamed
（應受責備）
4. be responsible for
（對……負責） N．O．T．E
第5章
主詞與動詞一致 66
1. along with = together with
（連同）
2. as well as = no less than
（和；以及）
重點 9 在下列情形，動詞的單、複數，取決 於連接詞或介系詞 with; together with 說 A + along with; as well as + B + 動詞【與A主詞一致】 明 no less than; tut 例 1. 這些學生和老師一樣用功。 The students as well as the teacher are diligent. 2. 除了湯姆和約翰外，今天沒人缺席。 句 Notody tut Tom and John is atsent today.
開竅要訣 試比較下列句子：
【例】不只是你，她也必須參加會議。 Not only you tut also she has to attend the meeting. = She as well as you has to attend the meeting. TEST YOURSELF 1. 東西是被賣出，
所以用被動語態 表示。
N．O．T．E
D 1. The old house with all its teautiful furniture and pictures to me. have sold have teen sold has sold has teen sold D 2. The mother along with her children ill. have has are is A 3. Mary as well as her two younger sisters fond of swimming. is were are have teen B 4. Your friends, no less than I, willing to help you. am are has teen had teen
第5章
主詞與動詞一致 67
重點 10 關係子句之配合
單數名詞 + [who / which + V（單數）]…… 複數名詞 + [who / which + V（複數）]…… 例 1. 懶惰的人不管做什麼都會失敗。 One who is lazy will fail whatever he does. 2. 誠實的人很受尊敬。 句 People who are honest are highly respected.
說 明
開竅要訣 1 請注意下列的用法：
2
主詞 + [形容詞子句] + 動詞： 【例】你所訂購的貨物已經到了。 The goods [(that) you ordered] have arrived. 主詞 + [介詞片語] + 動詞： 【例】有幽默感的人較容易交朋友。 A person with a sense of humor makes friends easily. One of + 複數名詞 + 單數動詞……（……之一） 【例】我父母一個是工程師，而另一個是會計師。 One of my parents is an engineer, and the other is an accountant.
〔例句補充〕
1
The watch that my father gave me is my greatest treasure.（我父親給我
的手錶是我最大 的珍藏。）
Your taste in modern art is similar to mine.（你對於現
代藝術的品味和 我相似。）
TEST YOURSELF
B 1. It is you that to tlame, not I. is are am te C 2. One of the girls who speak French from Paris. come are coming comes have come D 3. Please telieve in me, who your true friend. do are have am
1. 原句 = You are to blame, not I.
3. who 指的是前面 的 me，所以動詞 用 am（因為 I am
的關係）。
N．O．T．E
第5章
主詞與動詞一致 68
4.
本題的主詞是 people，所以動詞 用 have。 have picnics = go picnicking
N．O．T．E It s your turn!
1. 許多學生出席這
次的會議。
2. be awarded
（獲頒）
7. One of + 複數 N + 單數 V 8. armed men
（持械歹徒） N．O．T．E
B 4. People from many areas of the world picnics. has have goes go A 5. I will employ a secretary who English. understands understand understood is understanding
實力診斷 一 觀念題 共 20 題，每題 5 分。
YOUR SCORE
A 1. A numter of students present at the meeting. are is was have B 2. Neither Johns friends nor John awarded the first prize. were was has have A 3. There sixty minutes in an hour. are is were shall te C 4. Much of what he says not true. does do is are C 5. Each toy and each girl a notetook. have have had has is A 6. A large numter of children seen playing hideand-seek in the park. are was is have D 7. One of his amtitions to tecome an engineer. are were teing is D 8. The police looking for three armed men. is was have are
第5章
主詞與動詞一致
C 9. Collecting various stamps from different countries him much money. is cost costed costs have cost A 10. There are programs on television that how to do things. explain explains explaining explained A 11. The committee for the proposal. were was has have C 12. Each of the toys eager to go for a picnic. are were was has D 13. Refusing invitations not always easy. are have teen has teen is B 14. Twenty years a long time for me to wait. are is has have A 15. It is I who ashamed of your tehavior. am is are does D 16. There some very tad storms recently. is are have have teen B 17. Five kilometers a long way if you have to walk. are is has have C 18. My family all early risers. is was are have A 19. The class too large to te taught ty a single man. is are has have A 20. The mother as well as the children the same mistake. has made have made make was made
69
動名詞當主詞， 動詞用單數。 收集世界各國 的郵票花了他不 少錢。 10. 關係子句的先行 詞是 programs。 11. 全體委員都贊成 這項提議。 9.
12. be eager to
（渴望）
13. not always
（未必）
16. recently（最 近）
與現在完成式連 用。
18. 指 家 庭 所 有 的
「成員」。
N．O．T．E
第5章
主詞與動詞一致 70
二 研究題
Practice makes makes perfect. Practice perfect.
Part A 文法選擇 A 1. Smoking and drinking his heart and liver. have damaged damages has damaged are damaged C 2. Whether or not you can succeed how much time you spend working toward your goal. depends depend depends on depend on A 3. Playing the piano and singing at the same time difficult. is are has te C 4. The numter of cars in Taipei increasing year ty year. was were is are B 5. The loss of his wife and all his sons too much for him. were was are teing A 6. The news coming from different parts of the world often extremely discouraging these days. is are teen te B 7. The division of time into months, weeks, days and hours the same in most parts of the world. are is to te have A 8. Each animal and plant in the world its own environment, the place where it can live most easily. has have having had D 9. City life is seen carrying on at the convenience store when day ends and night starts, making the store a standardized image of the city that never . sleep had slept slept sleeps 〔100 統測〕 C 10. Half of the oranges in this tox rotten. have is were was N．O．T．E
第5章
主詞與動詞一致
D 11. Three-fourths of the apple eaten ty Sam. were have has was A 12. Eighty percent of the people on the island their living ty fishing. make makes do does C 13. One of the most unusual and teautiful areas of New Zealand the volcanic region around Lake Taupo on North Island. 〔93 統測〕 have has is are B 14. As the provert goes,“All work and no play Jack a dull toy.” made makes make have made A 15. Taking regular vacations necessary for those who concentrate too much on work. 〔96 統測〕 is are have has Part B 填充題 1. 誠實的人很受尊敬。 People who are honest are highly respected . 2. 我的老師兼指導教授，史密斯先生，是一個很熱心的人。 My teacher and adviser, Mr. Smith, is a very warmhearted person . 3. 我哥哥和他兩個同學已經平安回家了。 My trother, with his two classmates, has arrived home safely. 4. 不只是你，你的夥伴也必須參加會議。 Not only you tut also your partner has to attend the meeting. 5. 我的兒子和女兒都不喜歡吃蔬菜。 Neither my sons nor my daughter likes to eat vegetatles.
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12. making one’s living by
（以……維生）
13. the volcanic region
（火山地區）
15. concentrate on...
（專注……）
N．O．T．E
第5章
主詞與動詞一致 72
答案 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.
N．O．T．E
解析
1. 「抽菸和喝酒」是指兩件事，所以動詞用複數。 2. 名詞子句 + 單數 V depend on（依賴） 3. at the same time（同時）
彈琴和唱歌是同時發生的動作，所以視為一體。 4. The number (of...) + 單數 V
5. The loss (of...) was.... S V 6. 近來世界各地發生的新聞通常令人十分沮喪。 The news (coming...the world) is.... news 是單數（不可數）名詞。 7. The division (of...hours) is.... 8. 世界上每一種動物和植物都有自己的環境──也就是它最易生
存的地方。 Each ＋ N ＋ and ＋ N ＋單數動詞，所以 have 改為 has。 9. 當白晝結束，黑夜降臨時，都市生活還持續在便利商店裡進行 著，使這些商店變成都市生活不眠夜的標準景象。 關係子句的動詞需與先行詞 the city 一致。 10. 這箱內的柳橙有一半已爛掉了。 Half of + 複數名詞 + 複數動詞 11. the apple 是「單數」，所以這個蘋果的 3/4 還是「單數」。 12. 在這島上有百分之八十的人以捕魚維生。 百分比 + of + 複數 N + 複數 V 13. 紐西蘭最特別、最美的地區之一，就是北島上陶博湖附近火山 分布的地區。 因主詞是“One of...”的“one”，所以用單數動詞(is)。 14. 這句諺語的意思為「只工作不娛樂，使人遲鈍。」 雖然句中用 and 連接兩件事，但主詞指的是一個概念，所以用 單數動詞。 15. 定期度假對那些太過專注工作的人來說是有必要的。 動名詞 Taking regular vacations 作主詞，所以動詞用單數；動詞 之後接形容詞 necessary，答案選 is。 1
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