CEL ATI _ city of the dead

Necropolis Ancient Greek νεκρόπολις “city of the dead”

Advance Landscape Design Studio_ Tarquinia Open Air Museum Teacher_ Pergalani Floriana & Poli Matteo Umberto Students_ Sinem Gucuyeter & Maria Luz Saldutti Politecnico di Milano, Italy_ 2020 2021

CONTENTS 04 16 RESEARCH

L SCALE

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CONCEPT

M SCALE

36 S SCALE

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CE L

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ET RU S C AN M OT H ER EART H

Brief The open-air museum of the Etruscan Necropolis in Tarquinia is re-imagined as a free-flowing experience that changes with every visit.

The journey starts with an analysis of morphology, culture and nature of th Etruscan world, continues with an itinerary for an extensive trekking between two necropolises and gets closer to the actual area of the design via two different approaches, one from the city, one from the nature.

When the journey arrives to the site of the museum, it encounters a symphony of open air rooms, curved roofs, many public interactions and a complex path.the borders of the area are re-considered as opportunities of gardens and human interactions, which are for both: the public and private areas. These borders are made of elements that are remembrances of the etruscan culture and landscape, such as women ateliers and the plant species of the gardens.

In the museum, the tombs are hidden underground and grouped under themes regarding the stories that are painted on the walls. These themes find their architectural form as slightly carved open.air rooms in the landscape. However, the path and the roofs break the rule of themes and they offer a narrative-free connection. The narrative it’s not enforced on the visitor, more the opposite, visitors create their own narrative with the help of the path that offers many options of interconnection.

The museum, while exhibiting all the open and available tombs, also exhibits the exact number of tombs that are hidden underground via certain landscape installations.

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WO M E N O

Painted terra-cotta sarcophagus (ca, 150 B.C.E.) of a woman named Seianti Hanunia Tlesnasa.

A married couple attenting a banquet (ca, 500 B.C.E.) from the Tomb of the Painted Vases.

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C U LTURE

OF E T URIA

NECROPOLIS

as a paralel universe to the city of the living

TOMB

as a family house of the deceased

THE MALE FUNERAL BED WAS MARKED WITH A CIRCLE WHILE THE FUNERAL BED OF THE WOMEN WAS MARKED WITH A TRIANGLE

SOCIAL LIFE where women were included way more than the ancient Greek and Roman societies In the Etruscan society, women also could obtain and inherit property, have their own names and surnames, ride horses, read and write, drink and party and could join to sporting events.

They were able to participate in the social life and public events in a variety of roles, which is very different from the private and hidden life of Greek and Roman women. (1) ‘‘These women take great care of their bodies and exercise bare, exposing their bodies even before men and among themselves: for it is not shameful for them to appear almost naked. He also says they dine not with their husbands, but with any man who happens to be present; and they toast anyone they want to.‘‘ (2)

(1) Warren, Larissa Bonfante. “THE WOMEN OF ETRURIA.” Arethusa, vol. 6, no. 1, The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1973, pp. 91–101 (2) Bonfante, Larissa 1931-, Elaine 1933-2016 Fantham, and Natalie 1944-2012 Kampen. “Excursus. Etruscan Women.” Women in the Classical World 1994, pp. 243-259.

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ET R U S C AN

A RC H I T E C T U R E One of the biggest city of the dead, “Necropoli della Banditaccia” of Cerveteri accomodates 1,000 tombs often hidden within traditional burial mounds of Etruscans. This city of the dead is organised as a reflection of the city of the living, with squares and streets.

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C U LTURE

E OF E TRUSC A N

https://socks-studio.com/2015/09/13/the-etruscan-tumuli-underground-cities-for-the-dead/

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ET R U S C AN

A RC H I T E C T U R E

Necropolis Banditacchia in Cerveteri, Rome

Tomba dei Rilievi (Banditacchia)

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C U LTURE

E OF E TRUSC A N

These burial mounds called Tumuli, accomodates a group of tombs. They are built with a circular base, called tamburo which is made of sandstone and a dome built of limestone.

This dome is covered with compact earth for insulation. A paved limestone sideway is built around the base to for rainwater drainage. https://socks-studio.com/2015/09/13/the-etruscan-tumuli-underground-cities-for-the-dead/ Landscape Design Studio Fall 2021

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The rock carved tombs are a representation of the house which belonged to the deceased family. They are made of a corridor called dromos, a central hall and several rooms. The hall accomodates the deceased bodies of the family members while the surrounding rooms are for the belongings. https://socks-studio.com/2015/09/13/the-etruscan-tumuli-underground-cities-for-the-dead/

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C U LTURE

E OF E TRUSC A N

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ET R U S C AN

THE F

Necropolis || Tarquinia Tarquinia Necropolis Necropolis | Tarquinia Flora || species species painted on on the vases and and artwo artwo Flora Flora | speciespainted painted onthethevases vases and artw PAINT ED ON ET RU S C AN ART WO R KS Punica Granatum pomegranate as a symbol of fertility

Punica Granatum, Pomegranate as a symbol of fertility Punica Granatum, Pomegranate as a symbol of fertility Punica Granatum, Pomegranate as a symbol of fertility

Asphodelus as a symbol of the underground and the dead ‘‘ they sleep, they sleep, beneath the rocking trees where asphodel and yellow lotus twine ‘‘ Asphodelus as a symbol of the underground and the dead Oscar Wilde Asphodelus as a symbol of the underground and the dead

Asphodelus as asleep, symbol thebeneath underground dea “they they of sleep, the rockingand treesthe where a “they sleep, they sleep, beneath the rocking trees where a

“they sleep, they sleep, beneath the rocking trees whe

Hyacinthoides non-scripta bluebells, painted on vases

Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Bluebells Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Bluebells

Hyacinthoides non-scripta, Bluebells

Acanthus Spinosus Acanthus Spinosus 01 | Sinem Gucuyeter & Maria Luz Saldutti

Acanthus Spinosus

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L A N D SC APE

FLO R A

CUR R ENT LY EX I S T I N G I N T H E AR EA Quercus Ilex along the street

Olea Europaea in the Necropolis

Nerium Oleander in the Necropolis

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Laurus Nobilis, Laurel in Tomba degli Auguri

Myrtus Communis, Mrytle in Tomba della Caccia e della Pesca

Nelumbo nucifera, Lotus Flower in Tomba del Fiore di Loto

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L A N D SC APE

FLO R A

Chamaerops Humilis, Palm of San Pietro in Tomba della Caccia e della Pesca

Quercus Pubescens, Downy Oak in Tomba dei Tori

Ficus Carica, Fig Tree in Tomba del Triclinio

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T I ME TA RQ U I N I A A S

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L I N E A ROM A N CITY

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N ECRO P O L I S

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DISPOSITION O

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M O NTE ROZ Z I

OF THE TOM BS

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N ECRO P O L I S

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DISPOSITION O

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M O NTE ROZ Z I

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N ECRO P O L I S

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A B AC U S O

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M O NTE ROZ Z I

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T I ME

M O N T E ROZ Z I

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L I N E

I NE CROP OLIS

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N ET WO R K

AN ITINE

A compilation of trekking paths to immerse in nature a

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O F TRA ILS

ENRA RY

and discover the history through-out the territory.

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VA L U ES

OF T HE

L AN D

FROM TARQ U I N I A TO C ERVE T E R I

The region between the two necropolis of Tarquinia and Cerveteri accommodates many points of history and landscape such as tombs, waterfalls, castles and also etruscan and roman ruins.

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2 | Necropoli di Norchia

3 | Necropoli Pian del Vescovo

4 | Mole del Biedano

5 | Necropoli Rupestre

6 | Sentiero Del Sejo

7 | Fosso della Madonnella

8 | Parco della Mola

9 | Antico Montenaro

10 | Castello Odescalchi

11 | Cascata di C. Giulianochi

12 | Cascate di F. del Norcino

13 | Necropoli di P. Conserva

14 | Castello di Tolfa

15 | Necropoli di S. Giovenale

16 | Luni Sul Mignone

17 | Tenuta La Farnesiana Conserva

18 | Cencelle

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CO NCEP T ROM AN AC ROPO L I S - ET RU S C AN N E C RO P O L I S

The interesting points along the cliff park and the overall analysis of the city and its current connection to the train station

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Marta River Basin

Reconversion area

Existing greenery

Cliff Cannal path to main Station

RO M A N C I T Y

Piazza Trento e Trieste City wall

Parco delle Mura

via Ripagretta

C E L AT I M U S E U M

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U R B A N

P ROP O S AL

T H E C I T Y AN D T H E C L IF F

Birdwatching Tower Necropolis entrance

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THE

CLIFF

PAT H

M O M EN T OF APPR EH EN S I O N

relax point in Marta river

Framing the landscape Tarquinia Cliff

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T HE

CIT Y

PAT H

M O M EN T OF I N T ER AC T I O N

Roof intervention Piazza Trento e Trieste

Slope opportunity Piazza NN

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O P EN

AI R

G RO U N D F L

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M USEUM

LOO R P L A N

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O P EN

AI R SECT

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M USEUM

ION S

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O P EN

AI R

F I R S T F LO

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M USEUM

OOR P L AN

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S T R AT E G Y

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T H E BO U N D R I ES

PUBLIC POCKET | WOMEN ARTS CENTER the area faces the cliff and the agricultural lands below and can be reached by the public passage or the trekking of the cliff.

NODE | SOUVENIR SHOP the existing souvenir shop and cafe is re-shaped in a way to act as a ramp that gives access to the public highline with several services and art ateliers.

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CITY EN the museum welcomes the visitor teaser wh The inside eaches out to introduce the ro

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NTRANCE hich is a tomb open to public, without a ticket. roofs that will cover the entrances of tombs.

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NATURE EN The trekking comes to a stop when the visitors arri Here the tower also serves as an access to the

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NTRANCE ive at a tower which takes them to the entrance. e public pocket with the women arts center.

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S T R AT E G Y

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THE HILLS

The area is defined as the Monterozzi Hill, and contains a lot of small bumps in the landscape, which are mark ing tombs that are hidden underground.

BUILDING AS A FENCE the hills grant several access to the highline level. The services located in the building work for both museum visitors and the public.

HILL GARDENS AS A FENCE the gardens are an exhibition of the local plant species of Tarquinia, which are also frequently painted in the tombs.

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S T R AT E G Y

I I I

FEN C ES

re-considered as interactive or aesthetical elements surrounding the museum.

They are built with hills / elevation in landscape following the characteristics of the area itself.

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S T R AT E G Y

I V

ROOMS & THEMES

Tombs are grouped under 4 theme, creating the open-air rooms that exhibit them together.

The experience of the museum is narrated by each visitor thanks to the path that offers many possibilities.

EXPOSED TOMBE Some of the tombs are craved out of the ground and exhibited with a corten case shaped as the tombe itself

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ROOM EROTICA

ROOM BLUE DEMON

ROOM NATURE

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ROOM FESTIVITY

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O P EN

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DET

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RO O MS

TAI LS

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59 EXP ER IENCE V I S UAL S H OW

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Advance Landscape Design Studio_ Tarquinia Open Air Museum Teacher_ Pergalani Floriana & Poli Matteo Umberto Students_ Sinem Gucuyeter & Maria Luz Saldutti Politecnico di Milano, Italy_ 2020 2021

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