LXFM 720 Supply Chain Management in the Global Marketplace
Supply Chain Strategy | Wei Liu, Huaqing He, Jie He | PROFESSOR LEVY DONALD
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SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGIES FOR H.L.H
SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGIES FOR H.L.H
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Table of Contents COMPANY OVERVIEW TARGET CUSTOMERS SOURCING GUIDELINES TECH PACK - Phoenix Embroidery Condole belt skirt - Great Wall Stitching Dress - Court Dance Splicing Top COST SHEET COUNTRY REPORT -China -Turkey -Vietnam
COUNTRY ANALYSIS
56
- SWOT Analysis
56
- Country Ranking
58
- Country supplier ranking
62
- Line Plan
64
- Conclusion
66
12
DISTRIBUTION STRATEGY
68
14
a. Location
68
b. Logistics
69
c. Pros and Cons
69
d. Ranking
74
I. Conclusion
75
Reference
76
4 6 8 10
16 18 18 30 42
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SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGIES FOR H.L.H
SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGIES FOR H.L.H
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COMPANY OVERVIEW H.L.H, with the outlook that “elegance mix fun�, mix Oriental elements with western design to develop
Mission Statement
Simplified, original, textured, thoughtful for a generation of ladies between the ages of 25 to 40 who are
The mission of H.L.H is to produce garments that mix oriental and Western aesthetics for women under sustainable
independent, rational and keen on a delicate but simple lifestyle, helping them feel the possibilities, surprises,
and environmentally friendly practices. it illustrates undemonstrative oriental aesthetics to allow independent ladies
and poetry in everyday life.
are feeling possibilities, surprises, and poetry in everyday life. These products are created for women between 25 and
H.L.H also endeavors to develop eco-friendly materials to deal with the major human problems in the 21st
40 years old with an income between 40K to100K, who live in good families with high education. They pay attention to
century, utilizing 100% sustainable cotton to achieve sustainability. We provide well-quality products with
cultural communication, have a global vision, have a life pursuit. Also Have a right attitude towards new technologies
seasonal design to satisfy ladies’ changing tastes. Our brand perseveres to explain elegance, developing
and new ideas. Within a world of economic and culture integration, these women have a high sense of beauty and
oriental charm into globalization. The headquarters of HLH would be in New York, LA and Seattle in USA and
interest in oriental culture which will lead them pay attention to comme des garcon, H.L.H and etc.
working with international background designers.
H.L.H provides designer clothes including coats, dresses, tops, pants. And would continuously change styles in every season (Pre-S/S, S/S, Pre-F/W, F/W). The price point of our products is around $100-$500. The raw material sourcing of company is worldwide and production will in Guangzhou and Shenzhen in China, and then, shipped back to the United States for sale. H.L.H adopts intelligent and efficiency industry chain management mode, use data analysis for checking requirement and EDI auto refills to ensure “balance� .
Vision H.L.H pursues sustainable knowledge to lead a protentional fashion trend of culture in future, advocating independent, elegant, textured life. Integrating Oriental elements into western design, a unique and successful brand will come out. H.L.H is the fashion Ambassador of Oriental culture in the world.
Our Distribution channels would be Brick and mortar and online e-commercial services. We would firstly launch a small number of flagship stores in New York, LA and Seattle, then in Asian area such as China and Japan. Later we would consider launching in core city of a few European countries such as London, Paris. The feature of our flagship stores is the decorative interior design, allow customers to experience the oriental concept and fine quality of our brand. In terms of the retailing channel, we would focus on our primary retail methods, which are global e-commercial services (official regional website, online retail platform) to sell products mainly.
Core Value The core value that HLH perseveres to the way of sustainability, design for oriental, the lifestyle of independence.
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SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGIES FOR H.L.H
SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGIES FOR H.L.H
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TARGET CUSTOMERS
/
Age: 25-40
Social class:
Nationality: USA (when H.L.H comes to mature, China and
Upper middle class (15%) with annual income $100,000 +,
Japan will be the second market)
such as lawyers, doctors, writers, engineers and so on.
Education: Bachelor’s Degree or higher
Lower middle class (32%) with an annual income of
Income: 40K-100K
$35,000 +, such as craftsmen, the employees who have
Gender: Female
some autonomy.
Marital Status: Single and married Occupational: Professionals, businesswoman, artists and
Lifestyle: Simplified, Refined, Independent, Rational Personality: Independent modern women, work, and life can be separated. They are also willing to enjoy and create exquisite life while working earnestly
Shopping habits: brands flagship stores, shopping mall, online Life Attitude: Pay attention to cultural communication, have a global vision, have a life pursuit. Have a right attitude towards new technologies and new ideas
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SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGIES FOR H.L.H
SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGIES FOR H.L.H
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Sourcing Guideline •
Protect the safety, freedom, and rights of labors follow ethical and legal rules.
•
Account social and environmental factors, sustainable operational.
•
Products and services quality and safety must comply with laws and our standard.
HLH focus on materials, labors and products sourcing, we are promised to making decisions essential to standards and factors. To overview the guidelines, our basic principle is concerned about the safety and fair treatment of the employees who manufacture the products and participate in sells. Due to the vision of future, our brand believes the sustainability is very important. At the same time, all the manufactured process must comply with laws and industry standards.
•
HLH raw material source through fair trade.
•
HLH supports equal pay for the employees and its business partners. Support and respect the
protection of human rights, HLH does not accept child labor. Neither us nor our business partners will employ anyone under the age of 18. •
HLH supports equal pay for the employees and its business partners.
•
The maximum hour’s employees and associates can work 48 hours plus 8 hours of overtime.
- Internal Monitor HLH requires our suppliers to provide records and materials to prove compliance with our standards and provide incentives including but not limited to financial incentives to our excellent suppliers. H.L.H will meets
specific requirements of each customer and regulate to control the use of harmful materials in products product+
•
HLH sourced fabric will meet quality guidelines and will vary by the fabric type.
packaging). Moreover, Requirements also covered working hour restrictions of labor, working environment
•
Environment and Sustainability:
standards and product quality assurance.
•
HLH require Suppliers should reduce waste and usage of resources, proving that they have an
effective greenhouse gas mitigation plan. •
HLH restrict all the wastes and pollutants must comply with international and local laws.
•
The requirement for all suppliers is to strictly monitor and verify at any time to ensure compliance
with the guideline. •
Violations must be rectified and remedied immediately.
- External Monitor HLH goes through third parties, independent organizations and government agencies to monitor and verify our suppliers. Standardize the quality inspection process and improve the passing rate of quality inspection (by "QC" team, or by a designated third party). They gather information and provide feedback to help us to pioneer, polish, improve upon our standards and company. If the goods were found to be defective or improperly packaged and corrections had to be made.
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SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGIES FOR H.L.H
SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGIES FOR H.L.H
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TECH PACK Phoenix Embroidery Condole belt skirt ILLUSTRATION SHEET
PAGE #
COMPANY NAME:
STYLE #:
H.L.H
2334
ADDRESS:
DESIGN SHEET COMPANY NAME: H.L.H ADDRESS: th 131 W 55 St, New York, NY 10019
GROUP NAME:
th
131 W 55 St, New York, NY 10019
PAGE # STYLE # 2334 SKETCH
PHONE: +1 212 123 4567
Contemporary CLASSIFICATION:
SEASON:
Women’s Wear
Spring 2019
PHONE:
GARMENT LABEL:
+1 212 123 4567
H.L.H
FAX:
COLORWAY:
+1 212 234 5678
Gold, Ivory
FAX: +1 212 234 5678 GARMENT INFORMATION GROUP NAME: Contemporary CLASSIFICATION: Women’s Wear
SKETCH
SEASON: Spring 2019 GARMENT LABEL: H.L.H FABRIC CONTENT: 100% Cotton COLORWAY: Gold, Ivory DESCRIPTION: Phoenix Embroidery Condole belt skirt
!"#$%&"'()&$*$+,# (
FABRIC INFORMATION
STYLE # WIDTH
SIZE RANGES
100% Cotton fabric,
See fabric sheets
XS, S, M, L, XL
Xianyi textile Co., Ltd. , China
DELIVERY DATE
TBD
#
!" #
COMMENTS Delivery not set yet with jobber
Designer Initials
Sample size: M
SB DATE CREATED:
DATE MODIFIED:
DATE RELEASED:
06/30/2018
FABRIC SHEET
DATE CREATED: 06/30/2018
PAGE #
DETAIL/CONSTRUCTION SHEET STYLE #:
H.L.H
2334
COMPANY NAME:
STYLE #:
ADDRESS:
GROUP NAME:
H.L.H
2334
Contemporary
ADDRESS:
th
131 W 55 St, New York, NY 10019
PHONE:
STYLE #:
H.L.H
2334
CLASSIFICATION:
SEASON:
Women’s Wear
Spring 2019
th
131 W 55 St, New York, NY 10019
Contemporary CLASSIFICATION:
SEASON:
Women’s Wear
Spring 2019
COLORWAY: Gold, Ivory
Ivory
FAX: +1 212 234 5678
SKETCH
SWATCH
DETAIL
H.L.H
2334 GROUP NAME:
131 W 55 St, New York, NY 10019
100% Cotton
FAX:
COLORWAY:
STYLE # WIDTH
SIZE RANGES
DELIVERY DATE
COMMENTS
Ivory #131011TCX
XS, S, M, L, XL Sample Size:M
TBD
Delivery not set yet with jobber
CLASSIFICATION:
SEASON:
Size tab
Women’s Wear
Spring 2019
Print-Avery Dennison Machine
FABRIC CONTENT:
+1 212 123 4567
100% Cotton
FAX:
COLORWAY:
+1 212 234 5678
Gold, Ivory
Care label
ITEM-VENDORCODE-ORIGIN
CONTENT
SIZE-QUANTITY-UNIT OF MEASURE
LOCATION
COLOR
100% cotton
7000 – Spool – as needed per garment
All seams and hems
Ivory
zipper
DATE CREATED: 06/30/2018
DATE MODIFIED:
DATE RELEASED:
DATE CREATED: 06/30/2018
!
COMMENTS
100% cotton
1 per garment
Center back
2 color
Print/make to fill order
100% cotton
1 per garment
Center back neck, to the left of designer label
1 color
Print to fill order
100% cotton
1 per garment
In between front and back seams towards bottom
1 color
Attach to hangtag by Dennison gun
2 color
Order by size range, color, and style #
COMMENTS
Tied w twine,
3 color
Print to fill order
Transparent paper
1 per garment
Hangtag
100% cotton
1 per garment
See tech-sheet Print to fill order
Guangzhou GuangCai Labels Co.,Ltd
Secured w safety
Xianyi textile Co., Ltd. China
Pin on straps Hangers
cotton
20000 – Spool – as needed per garment
Front, mid of chest,
Goldred
R&S metal
6 cm x 2 per garment
Left & right bottom side
Blackgold
DATE MODIFIED:
wooden
1 per garment
Natural
Fill order
Recycle paper
1 per online order
Natural
Pull from stock
Lindon Co., LTD, style # L7710N
Sustainable paper box Shenzhen yifan packing Co. Ltd. China style # 50010
DATE RELEASED: DATE CREATED: 06/30/2018
!
COLOR
#0112
Cotton 76” Organze 76”
DATE RELEASED:
LOCATION
Print-Avery Dennison Machine
Thread Xianyi textile Co., Ltd. (factory stock), China
60 x 48 cm Stitching follow the print
SIZEQUANTITYUNIT OF MEASURE
Contemporary
PHONE:
Embroidery
Gold, Ivory CONTENT
Xianyi textile Co., Ltd. China
Bar-code tage
!" #
S/S2019
+1 212 123 4567
Designer label
GROUP NAME:
SEASON:
Woven top FABRIC CONTENT:
ITEM-VENDORCODE-ORIGIN
th
CLASSIFICATION:
PHONE:
+1 212 234 5678
ADDRESS:
!"#$%&"'()&$*$+,# (
06/30/2018
STYLE #:
GROUP NAME:
FABRIC CONTENT: 100% Cotton
+1 212 234 5678
DATE MODIFIED:
PAGE #
COMPANY NAME:
th
PHONE: +1 212 123 4567
COLORWAY:
DATE CREATED:
LABEL/PACKING SHEET
ADDRESS:
H.L.H
#
DATE RELEASED:
131 W 55 St, New York, NY 10019
FAX:
100% cotton, Organze
PAGE #
COMPANY NAME:
GARMENT LABEL:
+1 212 123 4567
FABRIC INFORMATION
COMPONENT SHEET
PAGE #
COMPANY NAME:
DATE MODIFIED:
!
DATE MODIFIED:
DATE RELEASED:
12
SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGIES FOR H.L.H
SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGIES FOR H.L.H
TECH PACK Great Wall Stitching Print Dress ILLUSTRATION SHEET
PAGE #
COMPANY NAME:
STYLE #:
H.L.H
2333
ADDRESS:
DESIGN SHEET COMPANY NAME: H.L.H ADDRESS: th 131 W 55 St, New York, NY 10019
GROUP NAME:
th
131 W 55 St, New York, NY 10019
PAGE # STYLE # 2333 SKETCH
PHONE: +1 212 123 4567
Contemporary CLASSIFICATION:
SEASON:
Women’s Wear
Spring 2019
PHONE:
GARMENT LABEL:
+1 212 123 4567
H.L.H
FAX:
COLORWAY:
+1 212 234 5678
Gold, Ivory
FAX: +1 212 234 5678 GARMENT INFORMATION GROUP NAME: Contemporary CLASSIFICATION: Women’s Wear SEASON: Spring 2019
SKETCH
GARMENT LABEL: H.L.H FABRIC CONTENT: 100% Cotton COLORWAY: Gold, Ivory !"#$%&"'()&$*$+,#(
FABRIC INFORMATION
STYLE # WIDTH
100% Cotton fabric,
See fabric sheets
Xianyi textile Co., Ltd. , China
SIZE RANGES
DELIVERY DATE
XS, S, M, L, XL TBD
DESCRIPTION: Splivng cotton dress
"#!
!
COMMENTS Delivery not set yet with jobber
Designer Initials
Sample size: M
SB DATE CREATED:
DATE MODIFIED:
DATE RELEASED:
06/30/2018
DATE CREATED: 06/30/2018
!
FABRIC SHEET
PAGE #
COMPANY NAME:
STYLE #:
H.L.H
2333
ADDRESS:
GROUP NAME:
th
131 W 55 St, New York, NY 10019
COMPANY NAME:
Contemporary
PHONE:
DETAIL/CONSTRUCTION SHEET
CLASSIFICATION:
SEASON:
Women’s Wear
Spring 2019
H.L.H
2333
ADDRESS:
GROUP NAME:
th
131 W 55 St, New York, NY 10019
COMPONENT SHEET
PAGE # STYLE #:
DATE MODIFIED:
PAGE #
COMPANY NAME:
STYLE #:
H.L.H
2333
DATE RELEASED:
LABEL/PACKING SHEET STYLE #:
H.L.H
2334
ADDRESS: 131 W 55 St, New York, NY 10019
Contemporary
100% Cotton
FAX:
COLORWAY:
+1 212 234 5678
Women’s Wear
Spring 2019
ITEM-VENDORCODE-ORIGIN
H.L.H
FAX:
COLORWAY:
PHONE: +1 212 123 4567
FABRIC CONTENT: 100% Cotton
Designer label
+1 212 234 5678
Ivory
FAX: +1 212 234 5678
COLORWAY: Gold, Ivory
Xianyi textile Co., Ltd. China
SKETCH
SWATCH
th
131 W 55 St, New York, NY 10019
!"#$%&"'()&$*$+,#(
!"#
GROUP NAME:
Size tab
Contemporary
Print-Avery Dennison Machine
CLASSIFICATION:
SEASON:
Care label
Women’s Wear
Spring 2019
Print-Avery Dennison Machine
PHONE:
FABRIC CONTENT:
+1 212 123 4567
100% Cotton
FAX:
COLORWAY:
+1 212 234 5678
Bar-code tage
100% cotton, Organze
Ivory #131011TCX
SIZE RANGES
XS, S, M, L, XL Sample Size:M
DELIVERY DATE
TBD
COMMENTS
Delivery not set yet with jobber
Stitching follow the print
Cotton 76” Organze 76”
Hangtag
Gold, Ivory
ITEM-VENDORCODE-ORIGIN
CONTENT
SIZE-QUANTITY-UNIT OF MEASURE
LOCATION
Thread Xianyi textile Co., Ltd. (factory stock), China
100% cotton
7000 – Spool – as needed per garment
All seams and hems
DATE CREATED: DATE CREATED: 06/30/2018
DATE MODIFIED:
DATE RELEASED:
06/30/2018
DATE MODIFIED:
zipper
DATE RELEASED:
DATE CREATED:
COLOR
COMMENTS
LOCATION
COLOR
COMMENTS
100% cotton
1 per garment
Center back
2 color
Print/make to fill order
100% cotton
1 per garment
Center back neck, to the left of designer label
1 color
Print to fill order
100% cotton
1 per garment
In between front and back seams towards bottom
1 color
Attach to hangtag by Dennison gun
2 color
Order by size range, color, and style #
Tied w twine,
3 color
Print to fill order
Transparent paper
1 per garment
100% cotton
1 per garment
Ivory
See tech-sheet Print to fill order
Secured w safety Pin on straps wooden
1 per garment
Natural
Fill order
Recycle paper
1 per online order
Natural
Pull from stock
Lindon Co., LTD, style # L7710N
#0112
R&S metal
6 cm x 2 per garment
DATE MODIFIED:
Left & right bottom side
Sustainable paper box Shenzhen yifan packing Co. Ltd. China style # 50010
DATE RELEASED: DATE CREATED:
06/30/2018
!
SIZEQUANTITYUNIT OF MEASURE
Xianyi textile Co., Ltd. China
06/30/2018
!
Gold, Ivory CONTENT
Guangzhou GuangCai Labels Co.,Ltd
Hangers
STYLE # WIDTH
S/S2019
+1 212 123 4567
SEASON:
ADDRESS:
SEASON:
Woven top FABRIC CONTENT:
CLASSIFICATION:
DETAIL
CLASSIFICATION:
PHONE:
+1 212 123 4567
FABRIC INFORMATION
GROUP NAME:
th
GARMENT LABEL:
#
PAGE #
COMPANY NAME:
!
DATE MODIFIED:
DATE RELEASED:
13
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SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGIES FOR H.L.H
SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGIES FOR H.L.H
15
TECH PACK Court Dance Splicing Top
ILLUSTRATION SHEET
DESIGN SHEET COMPANY NAME: H.L.H
PAGE #
COMPANY NAME:
STYLE #:
H.L.H
2333
ADDRESS:
GROUP NAME:
th
131 W 55 St, New York, NY 10019
PAGE # STYLE # 2335
ADDRESS: th 131 W 55 St, New York, NY 10019
SKETCH
PHONE: +1 212 123 4567
Contemporary CLASSIFICATION:
SEASON:
Women’s Wear
Spring 2019
PHONE:
GARMENT LABEL:
+1 212 123 4567
H.L.H
FAX:
COLORWAY:
+1 212 234 5678
Gold, Ivory
FAX: +1 212 234 5678 GARMENT INFORMATION GROUP NAME: Contemporary CLASSIFICATION: Women’s Wear SEASON: Spring 2019
SKETCH
GARMENT LABEL: H.L.H FABRIC CONTENT: 100% Cotton COLORWAY: Gold, Ivory !"#$%&"'()&$*$+,#(
! FABRIC INFORMATION
STYLE # WIDTH
SIZE RANGES
100% Cotton fabric,
See fabric sheets
XS, S, M, L, XL
Xianyi textile Co., Ltd. , China
DATE CREATED:
DELIVERY DATE
DESCRIPTION: Splicing long cotton top
"#!
COMMENTS Delivery not set yet with jobber
TBD
Designer Initials
Sample size: M
DATE MODIFIED:
SB DATE RELEASED:
DATE CREATED: 06/30/2018
06/30/2018
FABRIC SHEET
PAGE #
COMPANY NAME:
STYLE #:
H.L.H
2335
DETAIL/CONSTRUCTION SHEET COMPANY NAME:
ADDRESS:
GROUP NAME:
th
131 W 55 St, New York, NY 10019
Contemporary CLASSIFICATION:
SEASON:
Women’s Wear
Spring 2019
PHONE:
GARMENT LABEL:
+1 212 123 4567
H.L.H
STYLE #: 2335
ADDRESS:
GROUP NAME:
131 W 55 St, New York, NY 10019
FAX:
COLORWAY:
PHONE: +1 212 123 4567
+1 212 234 5678
Ivory
FAX: +1 212 234 5678
SKETCH
SWATCH
COMPONENT SHEET
PAGE #
H.L.H
th
PAGE #
COMPANY NAME:
STYLE #:
H.L.H
2335
CLASSIFICATION:
SEASON:
Women’s Wear
Spring 2019
FABRIC CONTENT: 100% Cotton COLORWAY: Gold, Ivory
100% cotton, Organze
Ivory #131011TCX
XS, S, M, L, XL Sample Size:M
TBD
Delivery not set yet with jobber
DATE CREATED:
06/30/2018
DATE MODIFIED:
DATE RELEASED:
DATE MODIFIED:
2334 GROUP NAME:
th
GROUP NAME: Contemporary SEASON:
Women’s Wear
Spring 2019
FABRIC CONTENT:
+1 212 123 4567
100% Cotton
FAX:
COLORWAY:
+1 212 234 5678
Gold, Ivory CONTENT
Thread Xianyi textile Co., Ltd. (factory stock), China
100% cotton
Lace
100% cotton
SIZE-QUANTITY-UNIT OF MEASURE
7000 – Spool – as needed per garment
DATE RELEASED:
S/S2019
FABRIC CONTENT:
+1 212 123 4567
100% Cotton
FAX:
COLORWAY: Gold, Ivory CONTENT
SIZEQUANTITYUNIT OF MEASURE
LOCATION
COLOR
COMMENTS
100% cotton
1 per garment
Center back
2 color
Print/make to fill order
100% cotton
1 per garment
Center back neck, to the left of designer label
1 color
Print to fill order
100% cotton
1 per garment
In between front and back seams towards bottom
1 color
Attach to hangtag by Dennison gun
2 color
Order by size range, color, and style #
Tied w twine,
3 color
Print to fill order
Print-Avery Dennison Machine
Care label Print-Avery Dennison Machine
Bar-code tage
Transparent paper
1 per garment
LOCATION
COLOR
COMMENTS
Hangtag
100% cotton
1 per garment
Secured w safety
Xianyi textile Co., Ltd. China
All seams and hems
Ivory
Botton side
orange
Hangers
See tech-sheet Print to fill order
Guangzhou GuangCai Labels Co.,Ltd
#0112
60 cm per garment
SEASON:
Woven top PHONE:
Size tab
CLASSIFICATION:
PHONE:
CLASSIFICATION:
Xianyi textile Co., Ltd. China
Cotton 76” Organze 76”
DATE CREATED:
H.L.H
Designer label
ITEM-VENDORCODE-ORIGIN
COMMENTS
STYLE #:
ITEM-VENDORCODE-ORIGIN
th
!"#
DELIVERY DATE
PAGE #
COMPANY NAME:
+1 212 234 5678
131 W 55 St, New York, NY 10019
!"#$%&"'( )&$*$+,#(
SIZE RANGES
LABEL/PACKING SHEET
ADDRESS:
Contemporary
ADDRESS:
STYLE # WIDTH
DATE RELEASED:
131 W 55 St, New York, NY 10019
DETAIL
FABRIC INFORMATION
DATE MODIFIED:
!
Pin on straps wooden
1 per garment
Natural
Fill order
Recycle paper
1 per online order
Natural
Pull from stock
Lindon Co., LTD, style # L7710N
Sustainable paper box Shenzhen yifan packing Co. Ltd. China style # 50010
DATE CREATED:
06/30/2018
06/30/2018
!
!
DATE MODIFIED:
DATE RELEASED: DATE CREATED: 06/30/2018
!
DATE MODIFIED:
DATE RELEASED:
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SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGIES FOR H.L.H
COST SHEET
SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGIES FOR H.L.H
17
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SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGIES FOR H.L.H
SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGIES FOR H.L.H
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COUNTRY REPORT
China We live in an economic globalization world today. Entrepreneurs should think resources globally rather than run a business in a fixed area. Finding right partner in the right location is especially important in market competition. When the apparel industry develops at an unprecedented rate as before, a suitable, stable and flexible supply chain is critical to the company's development. This research will lead readers to learn more about the current China, and provide the correct market strategy for the development of the brand “H.L.H”. This article covers China's national characteristics – including economic/political/social and cultural profiles, apparel and textile industry status, trade profiles, risks and benefits of development of the company, how to choose the right manufactory, and how to adjust the supply chain plan based on geographic factors.
Political The People's Republic of China is a socialist country under the people's democratic dictatorship led by the working class and based on the alliance of workers and peasants. Its political system is composed of the Communist Party of China, the state organs, and the People's Political Consultative Conference. China is an independent political power and has a strong military defense force. It is a permanent member of the United Nations and plays an important role in the World Trade Organization, the Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. China has always pursued an independent foreign policy of peace and established stable diplomatic relations with most countries including the United States. China advocates strengthening cooperation with developing countries and opposing hegemonism and maintaining peace. At the same time, the Chinese government is also committing to domestic political issues, such as corruption of officials and institutions, imperfect legal guarantees, and insufficient protection of human rights and freedoms. At present, the issue of social equity in China is very prominent, mainly due to serious polarization and serious inequality in the distribution of social
Economic
resources, but the government will ensure China's steady and orderly development.
The Chinese economy combines a liberal capitalist market economy and retains decisive state-owned enterprises within the economic framework. The financial industry and heavy industry are in the hands of the state to ensure the relative independence and stability of the national economy. The domestic economy has risen from only 1.8% of the world to 14.8%. In 2017, China's GDP reached US$12 trillion, and its economic growth rate was 6.9%, exports increased by 10.8%, and imports grew by nearly 20%.China's economic freedom index was 57.8, becoming the 110th economic free country in 2018 (179 countries total), of which Hong Kong's economic freedom index ranked the first is 90.2. China's main trading partners are the United States, Japan, South Korea, India, Vietnam, the United Kingdom, Canada and so on. In recent years, China's e-commerce industry has become one of the important channels for retail consumption. the penetration rate of clothing e-commerce has increased from 14% in 2011 to 37% in 2016. It is predicted that by 2020, the total retail sales rate of e-commerce will reach 22%. China's exchange rate policy is based on market supply and demand, has a managed floating exchange rate system, and has strong control over exchange rates. China can exchange currencies of 17 countries, such as the British pound and the US dollar, but the currency that can be freely circulated is only RMB. Recently, due to the trade deficit between the United States and China reached 377.23 billion US dollars, triggering a Sino-US trade war, the RMB exchange rate fluctuated greatly (1$=6.663 ¥, 7/12/2018), which has a greater impact on import and export enterprises.
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SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGIES FOR H.L.H
SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGIES FOR H.L.H
Social culture
Â
China has a vast territory and a variety of local cultures coexist. Faith can be divided into the following categories :( fig.1)
Communicate
However, along with the economic development and the further opening of the country, the modernization of society has been continuously strengthened, and "innovation" has become a new trend of social development. Some social problems have followed and need to be addressed:
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In modern Chinese society, many ancient communicative rituals have withdrawn from the stage. Now, the way to communicate with people is based on the law of courtesy. When you meet someone, you need polite greetings, smile and nod slightly, then say "hello." If the other person is a person older than you or a person with a higher social position than you, you can shake hands, bow and call the title that suits their social position, such as the boss, teacher, etc. When you meet a friend, simply wave or say hello and
â—?China's rich and poor gap is too large. 20% of China's population holds 80% of its wealth, which has caused great dissatisfaction and psychological imbalance among the people.
The extent of meteorological disasters affects the lead-time of Production. China is one of the countries with the most severe climate disasters in the world, and the loss of meteorological disasters accounts for more than 70% of the total
smile. The Chinese will use the "subtle" way to conduct in-depth exchanges. For some small different opinions that appear, the other party will not talk to you directly. This requires you to carefully observe and pay attention to your words and deeds. Even if a dispute arises, as long as it is not very serious, it will usually be moderated in a moderate manner. However, a small tip is: It is always right to apologize first when conflict happens. Negotiate China's dinner table culture is closely linked to business negotiations. For example, two teams or companies that are about to work together will definitely have a meal together, and decide details of project at a relaxed and friendly atmosphere on the table, and then establish these details by formal contract. This is
loss of all natural disasters. The main meteorological disasters include typhoons (which occur mostly in summer and
not an informal form of negotiation, but a Chinese culture. In addition, during the negotiations, Chinese do
autumn), heavy rains and droughts and floods (effects of the eastern monsoon, mostly happens in May, July and August).
not like to use certain words, for example, must, have to, these words do not sound friendly, will make
After entering the 21st century, the global climate continues to warmer, and various types of meteorological disasters
others feel uncomfortable, but once used, it means you must abide by this rule .
occur frequently in China, resulting in increased losses. The annual loss is close to 200 billion yuan, accounting for about
Conduct business
1% to 3% of GDP. These natural disasters can destroy production facilities and impede transportation, affecting the
To do business in China, you need to knowďźš
lead-time. Therefore, companies must plan the product industry chain while minimizing the impact of these disasters to companies (such as appropriate factory locations and transportation schedule) and prepare contingency plans. Moreover, national holidays also have an impact on the lead-time of Production. The most important holiday in China is Spring Festival (a holiday with long time). During the holidays, Chinese like to buy new clothes, daily necessities and food. This will lead a peak of consumption at the eve of the festival. Stores need to ensure that there have enough goods for sale. All businesses are not open during the festival. Generally speaking, the first three days of holiday have to give to workers due to the rules, after that, workers can be arranged to shift to resume production (have extra wages) to ensure timely delivery. Once the scheduling errors occur, the lead time will be extended. Therefore, the company should adjust the production plan according to the legal holidays in China (total 11 days a year) to meet the required lead time.
Cultureďźš To understand the cultural complexity of China, many business habits are different. Don't do taboo custom. Harnessďźš Establish relationships with local governments and establish business contacts through local connections. Intellectual property rightsďźš In China, the right to use a patent or trademark is the first person to apply. Navigateďźš Work with powerful local partners to deep understand the market. Anticipateďźš Prepare to deal with fierce local competition.
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SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGIES FOR H.L.H
SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGIES FOR H.L.H
�  China's textile fiber processing volume increased by 2.3% year-on-year in 2016, which accounts for more than 50% of global fiber processing. Mainly exports: diversified woven garments (45%), outerwear knitted garments (35%) and serialized home textile products (20%). In the next four years, China's fiber processing capacity will continue to grow at a rate of 1 million to 2 million tons per year. And reached 60 million tons in 2020, the growth rate is stable at 3.5%. But the growth rate of China's textile and apparel exports has gradually slowed down since 2010, and it has experienced negative growth in 2015. According to data of China Customs, in 2015, China exported 291.1 billion US dollars of textiles and clothing, down 4.8% year-on-year. Although the global textile and apparel exports accounted for 38% in 2016, the situation has not improved. (reason: the rapidly development of light industry of the neighboring countries; unreasonable production structure of enterprises, low efficiency; most of enterprises are focus on subcontracted labor, lack of independent brands, unable to open up large-scale foreign markets; the RMB has appreciated due to the 2005 exchange rate reform.) Entering 2017, with the withdrawal of the United States from the TPP, the Chinese textile industry began to warm up. From January to June 2017, China's total exports of textiles and clothing reached US$124.05 billion, a year-on-year increase of 2.1%. Domestic sales growth has also accelerated raise 0.3% from the same period last year. With the development of society, the Chinese textile industry is gradually undergoing new changes. Consumers are beginning to increase their spending on quality of life and experience, and pursue individuation. In order to meet the market, the speed of innovation in technology, products and models is accelerating, and more and more advanced smart devices are being developed and introduced. In addition, in order to promote this transformation, the government released the “13th Five-Year Development Plan for the Textile Industry� in 2016. This mainly supports automation, digitalization, intelligent textile equipment, the promotion of smart factory construction, and the development of large-scale personalized customization.
But many challenges still exist: Consumer preference At present, China's textile industry still has a certain gap with foreign countries in terms of brand development and design.
Labor cost increase is higher than productivity increase At this stage, China's labor costs are already much higher than those in Southeast Asia and Africa. According to research published by Oxford Economics, the labor cost of China's manufacturing industry is only 4% lower than that of the US and far higher than India, but the productivity of the United States is 80% to 90% higher than that of China.
Foreign policy influence Due to the labor cost problem, coupled with the impact of (TPP), manufacturing powers such as Europe and the United States have shifted their focus to developing countries such as India. China's textile exports have been challenged.
Textile technology is relatively backward Most of textile companies still relies on traditional hand-made, so that technology is far behind other manufacturing powers.
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SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGIES FOR H.L.H
SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGIES FOR H.L.H
Â?
At present, China has signed 15 free trade agreements which involving 23 countries or regions, including China-Georgia, China-Korea, China-Iceland, China-Peru, China-New Zealand, China-Pakistan, China-Australia, China - Switzerland, China - Costa Rica, China - Singapore, China - Chile, China - ASEAN and Hong Kong, Macao, Taiwan and other regions. Both China and the United States are members of the WTO, and trade between the two sides has always existed. However, there is currently no trade agreement with the United States. Based on current eventsďźˆ trade war with China, there is likely no trade agreement coming for free trade. More likely additional tariffs will be placed on goods further limiting trade. Free trade agreements with other countries have effectively improved China's export environment and promoted the upgrading and structural optimization of China's garment industry. For enterprises, the lower import prices of apparel fabrics and equipment will effectively reduce the cost of garment production is a good benefit. And the funds, new technologies and new models attracted by China's vast market will effectively help domestic apparel companies to enhance their competitiveness and attract more opportunities.
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SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGIES FOR H.L.H
SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGIES FOR H.L.H
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Â? Â? Â H.L.H stores located in LA, Seattle and New York in USA, and its main manufactories are Chinese companies which located in Guangzhou and Shenzhen. Risks China's meteorological disasters occur frequently which are easy to impact company's production. Guangzhou and Shenzhen are all close to the coast, which are seriously affected by the monsoon. High labor costs. At present, the labor cost of China's manufacturing industry is only 4% lower than that of the United States and much higher than that of developing countries such as India, but its productivity is much lower than that of the United States. Textile technology is relatively backward. Most of companies are still relies on traditional technology, so that technology is far behind other manufacturing powers Compliance problems and quality issues. In China, it's lack on controlling the use of harmful materials in products product+ packaging), Standard the quality inspection process to achieve the high passing rate of quality inspection. The laws of business protection are not perfect. Benefits â—? China has a vast market with huge domestic demand. It can be the second market of the H.L.H. â—?China is a combination of capitalism and socialist economy. Such an economic system determines that the economic lifeline is controlled by the state, and its economic foundation is solid and relatively stable. â—?The Chinese government's support policy for the apparel and textile industry is very conducive to the development of new enterprises. â—?China's e-commerce is developing rapidly and becoming mature. It can help optimize the company's development path and achieve the company's diversified development. â—?Shenzhen and Guangzhou are the cities which have convenient import and export trade environment and good transportation. â—? China has good and stable trade relations with many countries, which lead to promote domestic economic development, and will bring incredible opportunities.
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MARKETING STRATEGIES FOR CRYSTAL CRUISE
In general, China's economic environment is developing well and the market is broad. Moreover, the trade relationship with the other countries is stable, and economic freedom is gradually improving. This will greatly help the development of industry and new companies. Although China has become the world's largest textile and apparel country, the production level of most companies is still low. Low productivity and increasing labor costs are increasingly becoming a serious problem of the Chinese textile industry. In addition, nearly one-third of the domestic market is held by foreign brands, and Chinese fashion brands do not have much strength in the international arena. Of course, due to China's political system, the policy support provided by the Chinese government to the industry cannot be underestimated. If China wants to truly become a big player in the global apparel industry, it must concentrate on developing sustainability and solve domestic conflicts while improving technology and productivity.
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SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGIES FOR H.L.H
Turkey Since the establishment of WTO on January 1995, Global trade has developed rapidly in just two decades. Especially in the apparel industry, the manufacture factories and logistic are playing a crucial role when the apparel industries continue optimization of collaboration. This document will bring forth the sourcing opportunities and difficulties faced while importing from Turkey for our brand H.L.H. Women’s woven tops. Introducing aspects such as Turkey’s country traits, its current and future economic, political, social and technical position, the culture, the companies we wish to source from along with transportation companies. A briefing on the state of the apparel industry, Trade agreements that affect the lead time, were also used the analyze the benefit and risk associated with sourcing from Turkey.
Political: Once the centre of the Ottoman Empire, straddling the continents of Europe and Asia, Turkey's strategically important location has given it major influence in the region. Between 1923 and 2018, Turkey was a parliamentary representative democracy. A presidential system was adopted with a referendum in 2017; the new system came into effect with the presidential election in 2018. On 15 July 2016, a coup d'état was attempted in Turkey against state institutions, including the government and President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan(Erdogan), the coup ended in failure. Besides, Joining the European Union has been a longstanding ambition of Turkey. Membership talks were launched in 2005 but have stalled over serious misgiving about Turkey’s human right record.
SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGIES FOR H.L.H
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SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGIES FOR H.L.H
Economic: Turkey has the world's 13th largest GDP and 17th largest nominal GDP. The country is among the founding members of the OECD and the G-20. Turkey has been a member of WTO since 26 March 1995. The country is among the world's leading producers of agricultural products; textiles; motor vehicles, ships and other transportation equipment; construction materials; consumer electronics and home appliances. Textile and Apparel industry has a great contribution to the Turkish economy. The industry has been denominated as the locomotive of the Turkish Economy for years. In 2017, Turkey's annual textile and apparel exports figure is approaching $30 billion. Turkey’s textile and apparel industry has had a relatively sluggish performance over past few years, but the industry outlook is getting better as several segments are showing signs of recovery, while some are even thriving. Meanwhile, Turkey’s domestic cotton production is also forecast to surge by 21 % year on year in 2017, hitting 3.21 million bales. This is also the highest cotton production in Turkey since 2006-07, mainly driven by the increasing cotton planting area, higher local cotton prices and more local farmers switching from planting low return crops such as corn to cotton. An industrial rebound has been predicted in Turkey’s cotton production and the apparel exports in near future. The Turkish textile and apparel industry has set up an ambitious goal of reaching USD 72 billion in exports by 2023, despite the latest apparel exports downturn caused by political tension with Russia and Syrian refugee crisis. In 2017, Turkey start foreign exchange controls due to Turkey’s currency crisis, Turkish Lira lost about 20% value to the USD from the beginning of this year. Now, 1USD=4.86TRY. However, the decline in exchange rates can help export. In 2015, the Turkey-China Land Transport Agreement for the Belt and Road, Turkey will play a key role in the Belt and Road Initiative as a geographical and cultural bridge linking East and West, and as an indispensable partner of China.
SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGIES FOR H.L.H
Socio: Population of Turkey (2017) is 80, 810, 525. In Turkey, approximately 70–80% of the country's citizens identify themselves as ethnic Turks. Kurds are the largest minority at about 20% of the population; other ethnic minorities include Circassians, Albanians, Arabs, Bosniaks, and Laz people. The official language is Turkish, which is the most widely spoken Turkic language in the world. Minority languages spoken today in Turkey include Kurmanji, Bosnian, Arabic, Zaza, Kabardian, and several others. On 15 July 2016, a coup was attempted in Turkey against state institutions, the coup ended in failure. It caused 300 people deaths, Turkey once became a very dangerous country.
Outlook: Turkey, which has just experienced political turmoil and currency crisis. an economic forecast by OECD indicates that a strong recovery in 2017 and turbulence in spring 2018, economic growth is set to slow but to stay around 5% in 2018 and 2019. The uncertainties surrounding the early elections in June, as well as persisting regional geopolitical tensions, create risks. The exchange rate remains highly volatile, with the lira depreciating substantially recently despite a significant increase in the policy interest rate, and consumer price inflation is far above target. Disinflation is projected to be slow.
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SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGIES FOR H.L.H
According to the World Bank collection of development indicators, compiled from officially recognized sources. The lead time to export, median case (days) is 2 in 2016, the time to export is 14 days in 2014. Turkey celebrates many holidays, including lots of religious festival National general holiday: May 19, Commemoration of AtatĂźrk, Youth and Sports Day, 1 day
SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGIES FOR H.L.H
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 Turks are extremely patriotic. They are proud of their ancestors and of the achievements of their modern society. The family is the most important social unit. Each person is dependent upon and loyal to the family. Rural life is still traditional, but in cities women frequently work outside the home. Greeting: Shake hands with everyone present - men, women and children - at a business or social meeting. Shake hands with elders first. Shake hands again when leaving.
July 15, Democracy and National Unity Day, 1 day August 30, Victor Day, 1 day October 29, Republic Day, 1 day Religious holiday: After the end of the Islamic month Ramadan, Ramadan Feast, 3 days. Begins on the tenth day of the Islamic month, Sacrifice Feast, 3 days. Disaster: Turkey is fundamentally vulnerable to earthquakes because of its geographical location. The country sits between two huge tectonic plates, Eurasia and Africa/Arabia, which are inexorably grinding into one another, north to south.
Communication style: People greet each other by shaking hands or by kissing on both cheeks. When an elderly person enters a room, it is expected that you will stand up in order to greet them. Crossing your arms or putting your hands in your pockets while facing or talking to someone is impolite. Tipping your head forward means ‘yes’ but lifting your head backwards and raising your eyebrows means ‘no’. Staring is common among the Turkish people, so don’t be concerned if you are stared at. It is unfriendly to step backwards if a Turk is standing close to you, as they tend to stand quite close when speaking. In Turkey, putting your thumb between your first two fingers is the equivalent to raising your middle finger in the United States. Meeting: It is best to avoid speaking about religion and politics during the initial meetings. Turks take punctuality for business meetings very seriously and expect that you will do likewise; call with an explanation if you are delayed. It would be a good idea for meeting to be scheduled one to two weeks in advance to avoid Turkish holidays. It is recommended to send details about the people who will be coming to the meeting, including their positions, titles and responsibilities. Although Turks are not vey punctual, they expect foreign visitors to be on time. The meeting may start later than scheduled but be patient. You should not schedule any appointments during Ramadan or during July and August since these are the most common annual holiday periods for Turkish business people. Negotiation: The negotiation process may take longer than usual. Turkish business people do not like to be put under pressure and do not like deadlines. Therefore, any attempt to hurry the process will only produce negative results. Being patient is an asset when negotiating with Turkish counterparts. There are still many family run businesses in Turkey, although there are many big multinationals where a more corporate culture is visible. Turks want to do business with those they are keen to, trust, feel comfortable with and can provide a long-term relationship. Turks use tough negotiating tactics, so it is important to leave room for compromising at different stages. When you have arrived at a reasonable compromise, it should be presented in such a way that shows you made the decision because you like and respect your counterpart.
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SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGIES FOR H.L.H
SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGIES FOR H.L.H
Â? Â
Having the largest share in Turkish industrial production, the textile industry is one of the first established industries in
Turkey. The Turkish clothing industry was the 3rd largest exporter to the European Union and the 6th largest globally in 2013. Textile: (2013)
Apparel: (2013)
Big size firms
Mostly Small to medium sized firms
Capital intensive
Labor intensive
1500 firms
25.000 firms
Circa 300,000 employees
Circa 2 million employees
Sound infrastructure
Flexible/quick decision making Increasing number of SME’s having infrastructures
Industrial outlook: The trade liberalization, coupled with the nearly doubling of salaries in the Turkish textile and clothing sectors between 2009 and 2013, have led to the industry's gradual loss of its cost advantage. To support the industry's climb up the quality ladder, the Turkish government has launched “Turquality�, a program designed to provide assistance in marketing, quality upgrade and strategic positioning.
Textile Industry contribution to GDP (2013): 7%
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SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGIES FOR H.L.H
SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGIES FOR H.L.H
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Turkey has concluded FTA with 19 countries; 18 are in force, 14 others under FTA negotiation, and Turkey has planned FTA with 13 countries. Turkey also benefit from Turkey-EU Preferential Trade Regime. Turkey has been a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO) since 1995. The country’s commitment to integrating regional and international trade norms can be seen in its participation in and membership of various organizations, including the Economic Cooperation Organization (ECO), the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), the Organization of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation (BSEC), the World Customs Organization (WCO), the International Chamber of Commerce (ICC), D-8 Development Organization for Economic Cooperation/Developing-8 countries, and various other organizations.
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SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGIES FOR H.L.H
SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGIES FOR H.L.H
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Â? Â? Â Risks:
Benefits:
•
Cotton domestic output does not fully meet demand
•
Financial support from bilateral and multilateral donors
•
The demographic dividend is gradually disappearing
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Turkish Lira lost about 20% value to the USD since 2018
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Natural disaster: earthquake
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Location – between Europe and Asia
•
The uncertainties surrounding the early elections in June 2018, as well as persisting
•
Dynamic textile industry has strong potential
regional geopolitical tensions
•
Government supported
•
•
Favorable population (Avg. 29)
Consumer price inflation is far above target
The Turkish economy is heavily dependent on the fashion industry. Market research firm Euromonitor reports that textiles accounted for the greatest share (18.5%) of total goods exported from Turkey in 2015. Although the country has faced political upheaval and has been subject to the terrorist activities that are affecting many countries across the world, its focus on supplying fashion to Britain and further afield shows no sign of abating. Along with the rising capability of design, Turkey not only offers a good quality workforce, but it is also attractive for buyers geographically. However, China is getting closer to Europe with its “One Belt One Road� project, As Turkey’s “geographic proximity� advantage, which had a benefit on its exports to Europe, is slipping away, this will certainly have its impacts on the textiles industry. With other disadvantage factors such as the uncertainties surrounding the early elections in June 2018, as well as persisting regional geopolitical tensions and unstable exchange rate. Turkey is facing lots of challenges.
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SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGIES FOR H.L.H
SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGIES FOR H.L.H
Vietnam ietnam’s textile and apparel industry is growing faster than that of many of its regional competitors, and foreign companies are starting to pour money into Vietnam to take advantage of potential economic opportunities from future free trade agreements The targeting of Vietnam as a potential international market is highly complex. Without detailed analysis this could be risky for any foreign business (McDaniel and Gates, 1998). This thesis starts with an introduction to the background of Vietnam and its cultural insights, then it continues to research the developing industry- textile and apparel, finally it analysis the environment of doing business in Vietnam.
Political factors The Socialist Republic of Vietnam is one of the five remaining single-communist party states in the world together with China, North Korea, Cuba and Laos (Rosenberg 2015). The Communist Party of Vietnam officially came into authority since 2, September 1945 in the North and expanded to the South, at that time was a Capitalist State, in 30 April 1975 (Governmental Portal 2015b). The Communist Party keeps the political environment relatively stable since there have been few riots. The most recent and serious event was the violent anti-China protest that burnt down several factories due to China’s deployment of it oil rigs in the conflicted waters happening in summer 2014 in some major cities (BBC 2014). Other than that, the government tries to dismiss most people’s protests which leads the author to the point of freedom of speech. According to Human Right Watch Organization, the situation of Vietnam’s human rights deteriorates significantly and remains a major problem for the country. Press is strictly controlled and censored by the government. (Human Rights Watch 2014.) Bureaucracy and corruption remain at a high level despite the government making effort to apply solutions. In 2014, Vietnam ranks at 119 in 175 countries being reported in Corruption Perceptions Index (Transparency International 2014). Such factors clearly have an uncontrollable impact on any business especially foreign and non-state-owned organizations.
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SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGIES FOR H.L.H
SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGIES FOR H.L.H
Economic factors Vietnam’s GDP per capita is 2072,7 USD. The country falls in the lower-middle income group (IMF 2014). Its GDP growth rate in recent years has been circling around 5 to 6 percent and even 7 percent before the economic crisis in 2008, making it one of the most dynamic emerging economies in East Asia (The World Bank 2015a). As a result, it is safe to say that Vietnam is a potential market for any business. The country’s inflation rate as measured in 2013 is 6,6 percent, which has been a progress compared to the sky-high two-digit number, i.e 21,3 percent in 2011 (The World Bank 2015c). The exchange rate of USD to VND and Vietnam’s interest rate last measured is 21565 VND and 6,5 percent, respectively (Trading Economics 2015). The country’s unemployment rate is reported to be 32 around 2 percent in many recent years (The World Bank 2015b), which is quite low. However, approximately 9,8 percent of the population still lives in poverty as of 2013 (General Statistics Office 2014).
Social factors Vietnam has an abundant labor force. In 2013, the number of people in working age is 53,748 millions, accounting for more than half of the population (General Statistics Office 2014). However, the labor force is still under-skilled. Many Vietnamese workers still lack of skills such as: language, technical and behavioral skills. Foreign firms also find it hard to recruit Vietnamese managers, directors, leaders, etc for their companies. Top positions cannot be fulfilled due to the lack of advanced management skills and essential knowledge in law and financial fields. (Vietnam Briefing 2014.) The lifestyle of Vietnamese people can be described as relaxed, informal and closed to each other. This is one of the things that companies in sharing economy can take advantage of. However, there exists a social issue that can heavily affect such businesses since it is one of the most important principles of the peer-to-peer economy – trust. In recent years, the media has been continuously exposing crimes, rapes, frauds and robbery, which also happened in the past but recently has gained much better attention. Consequently, as friendly as they may appear, most Vietnamese might not necessarily trust each other. Population growth rate of Vietnam is around 1 percent in the most recent years (The World Bank 2015d). Most people locate in Hanoi and its surrounding areas and Ho Chi Minh City down to the southernmost part of the country. The average population density of Vietnam is almost 300 people per square kilometer (General Statistics Office 2014). Only 33 percent of the population is living in urban areas, which means most is still living in countryside and rural areas, which have rather limited technological facility (CIA 2015). As a result, sharing economy companies might find it difficult to expand their customer base as it heavily depends on high technology
Technological factors An estimated 2.0% of Vietnamese households have a broadband-enabled computer, representing a significant increase from the 0.1% of households in 2005. The rapid uptake is partly as a consequence of the ease and low price of connection. According to the Ministry of Information and Communication, there were 22.8 million internet-users in Vietnam in 2009, accounting for 26.6% of the total population, and an increase of 112.7% on 2005. For number of internet-users, Vietnam has been ranked seventh highest among the countries with high internet use in Asia, by Internet World Stats. There is increasing consumer interest in technology and technical gadgets (Steinglass, 2010). Industry specialists estimate that there are 50 million actual subscribers to mobile phones. The IT Hardware and software markets have grown 13-15% per year for the past 5 years, which are mainly imports as Vietnamese manufactures are still relatively new to the market. Hard market is 89% market share by foreign suppliers which shows a low level of indigenous innovation. As a new member of the World Trade Organization, Vietnam will continue to implement tax cuts as part of its commitment under the information technological agreement. This all illustrates a country open to adopt new technologies but lacking in knowledge and dependent on external expertise. The technology markets in Vietnam are currently growing but are still in the early stages of development, this provides an excellent opportunity for any company with a technological product or service to gain a good market share in an emerging marketplace.
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SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGIES FOR H.L.H
SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGIES FOR H.L.H
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Vietnam local time is seven hours ahead of Coordinated Universal Time, or UTC. Business hours in Vietnam are generally from 7:30 a.m. to approximately 4:30 p.m. Garment manufacturing lead times start when the deposit for the fabric is made. The lead-time ends when the goods are delivered to the port in Vietnam and turned over to the freight forwarding company. Typically it is 60 days. However, there are several natural disasters occasionally happened in Vietnam, which may affect the production time, The World Bank and the Asian Development Bank both rank Vietnam as one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change according to land area impacted, population affected, and economic loss. Natural hazards include rare earthquakes and occasional typhoons (May to January) with extensive flooding, especially in the Mekong River delta Almost every year Vietnam is devastated by storms, floods and typhoons that kill hundreds people and cause millions of dollars of damage. The Vietnamese army is often put to work doing repair work, fixing dykes, laying sandbags and providing relief and emergency supplies.
 The official language of Vietnam is Vietnamese. In addition, French is also very popular, while Vietnamese businessmen generally have poor English. So the solution can be to hire a translator who speaks Vietnamese. And if you want to do business in Vietnam, invest more with partners, that is, get in touch with decision-makers to build relationships and unblock relationships. Business dealings in Vietnam are very personal. For Vietnamese people, being considered "one of own buddies" has absolute benefits, and even be said to be the key to success. “Do business after a certain relationship�, which is, Vietnamese are happy to meet new people, but they never do business with people they don't know, they are likely to get around with the same group of people. In a very narrow business circle, everyone knows each other well, and many of them are blood relatives or in-laws. This is actually the benefit for foreigners, once the right person is found, and the country will soon be unblocked; but if the relationship is broken, the relationship in the whole country may follow.
In addition, it is necessary to actively develop relations with relevant local departments. Government officials have high integrity and promised policies and treatments can be achieved very well. Since the government has the right to control most of the domestic commercial transactions, the government's popularity is particularly favorable, and Vietnam's regulations are changing rapidly. The authority of government departments is often much larger than that given by their positions. Even some government officials do business themselves. In Vietnam, the “under the table� has more transactions, the commission culture is more popular, and the “benefit fee� is more popular to some extent. Vietnamese pay great attention to courtesy. Whether it is a government department or a partner or dealer who has an important relationship with your company, you need to be their friend, such as gifting in their cultural holidays. Like many Asian cultures are not in favor of saying something, most Vietnamese reckon that the meaning of public speech and gestures are often far removed from " facts." When doing business, the true intentions and ideas of Vietnamese businessmen are often secret, especially when they interact with foreigners, because they believe that foreigners are playing the same trick. From a cultural perspective, Vietnam follows the traditional Asian collective decision-making model. Vietnamese businessmen value the harmony of the group. Foreigners usually don’t know anything about the disputes between the Vietnamese partners. The internal information is rarely disclosed to outsiders. In Vietnam, the entire system of companies emphasizes consistency. To do business with Vietnamese, you must visit them several times in order to see a little bit of signs of making decisions, so don't be disappointed if the time spent making decisions is longer than expected. Because the slow decision-making is a feature of Vietnamese. Many Westerners like to make plans and then follow the plan. Vietnamese people prefer to go with the flow and see the trick. They appreciate the positive style of Westerners, but they do not intend to act. Foreign businessmen do business in Vietnam should remember to maintain a relaxed attitude and patience. Some experienced businessmen believe that if you go to Vietnam, it is considered as successful that 75% of the itinerary can be carried out accord-
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MARKETING STRATEGIES FOR CRYSTAL CRUISE
MARKETING STRATEGIES FOR CRYSTAL CRUISE
�  Vietnam's garment and textile industry consists of 3 sub-sectors: up-stream sector (fiber production), mid-stream sector (fabric production and dyeing) and down-stream sector (garment manufacturing). The textile and garment industry uses main materials such as cotton, synthetic fiber, woolen, filament and silk. Initially, sub sectors that produced fibers or fabric were not quality products and these were textile products mainly used for domestic consumption. Although Vietnam has huge potential of cotton cultivation and production, the local source supplies only less than 2% of the total cotton requirements and the textile industry imports huge cotton from outside. Informal sources mentioned that the local fabric industry supplies about 20% of total input demand by garment sector, the rest 80% is imported from overseas for export oriented garment industries. At the initial stage, the export oriented garment production in Vietnam was mostly on CMT (cut, make and trim) basis earning a very low value addition like Cambodia. Gradually, with the establishment of new industries, the country generated more value addition from textile and garments industry. Vietnam textile and garment industry has witnessed strong development during the 15 years. Presently, the garment sector is the major contributor to the total export earnings of Vietnam. The industry has continuously invested and changed equipment and technology to meet the world market demand as well as to improve its world competiveness. In Vietnam, garments industries are dispersedly located unlike Cambodia. Around 58% of the enterprises are located in North-East area, 27% in The Red River Delta area, 7% Northern Central Area and central Coastal Area, 4% in the Mekong River Delta and the rest 4% in the Northern Midland and Mountain Area and highlands. Today’s textile and garment industry is the outcome of the investment initiative taken during the last one decade. From 1997 to 2006, Vietnam has undergone huge investment moving towards more modern manufacturing technology. Up-to now, Vietnam Textile and Garments has about 2,500 enterprises with nearly 2 million workers, of which 1.1 million are direct and the rest are indirect workers. Common labor related problems are much lesser in Vietnam and all the workers belong to only one Trade union. However, garment industries are increasingly facing labor shortage due to increased degree of labor mobility into other industries for higher wages and salaries. Currently, state of garment industry in Vietnam can be described as below: • About 2,500 garment export-oriented factories are operating and registered with VITAS, with 77% owned by joint stock companies with state partnership, 18.5% being 100% FDI, 0.5% state-owned and 5% local Cooperatives. • 2 million workers (80-85% female) are employed of which 1.1 million are direct labors and the rest are indirect labors. • Minimum wages for a casual labor is around US$ 50-60 per month and wages for a skilled worker ranges from US$ 140-200 per month, sometimes even more • Most common items Shirt, Pants, Trouser, Jacket, T-shirt, Polo Shirt, Children wear, Underwear and Swimming wear, work-clothes, etc. • Main markets are USA, EU, Japan and Russia Over the last decade, Vietnam’s textile and garment export played a significant role in the total export earning and it has also created scope for formal employments, and directly contributes approximately 10% to the country’s GDP. Given the fact that the industry was practically non-existent in the early 1990s, its growth all the more remarkable. Keeping in mind this enormous business potential, the Government of Vietnam has taken strategies for further growth of textile and garment industry sector with definite target and missions.
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Thai Son S.P Co., Ltd Thai Son S.P Co., Ltd is a wholesale clothing manufacturer that produces fabric and offers FOB pricing. Thier strength is men, women & children styles that use circular knitted fabrics and embellishments like embroidery, screen-printing, and applique. They have 15 sewing lines and 2 sample lines. They have over 22 years working with customers in Russia, America, France, Germany, Australia and Poland. Currently, they have two production facilities in Ho Chi Minh City. The known buyers of the manufacturer are Erin London from USA, Fever from UK, Target from Australia.
Thygesen Textile Vietnam Company Thygesen Textile Vietnam Company Ltd is owned by Thygesen Textile Group, which is a Denmark based company. Established in 1931, the head office of the Thygesen Textile Group is based in Ikast, Denmark, but the Thygesen Textile Vietnam Company Ltd is based in Hanoi, Vietnam. Formerly known as Thygesen Fabrics Vietnam Company Ltd, Thygesen Textile Group established the factory in 2004. Thygesen Textile Group also owns factories in the USA, China, Slovakia, and Mexico. Some of their most popular products include: activewear, workwear, kidswear, casual fashion, underwear, knitted garments, hospital wear & bandage. In addition to the above listed products, the services offered by Thygesen Textile Vietnam include ODM, OEM, FOB, and One-Stop-Shop solutions Fashion Garment Ltd Also known as FGL, Fashion Garment Ltd is considered as one of the leading apparel exporters in Vietnam. With 8400 employees and 4 manufacturing facilities, it is also one of the largest manufacturers of export quality garments. FGL was founded in 1994 and its head office and manufacturing locations are based in Dong Nai province. It is a subsidiary of Hirdaramani Group, which is a Sri Lanka based company founded in 1891. Hirdaramani Group owns factories and subsidiaries in Sri Lanka, USA, and Bangladesh. Some of their most popular products include crewnecks and polos, hoodies and pullovers, kids and adults activewear, jackets, kids casual wear, woven shirts. Their clients include some of the well-known apparel brands like Levi’s, Converse, Hurley, Jordan, and Hush Hush. They also have multiple sustainability and quality certifications including LEED Gold and Platinum certification by the US Green Buildings Council. They’re the first apparel manufacturer in Vietnam to receive this certification.
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SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGIES FOR H.L.H
Vietnam became an official member of the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) in 1995, and has been participating in the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA) since 1996 and became a member of the Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation Forum (APEC) in 1998. Vietnam signed the bilateral trade agreement (BTA) with the United States in 2000. Vietnam also signed a cooperation agreement with the European Community. Vietnam officially joined the WTO and put the commitments into effect on 11 January 2007 that brought into two positive implications on FDI: firstly, a considerable reduction of import duties and import tariff rates on inputs for producing exportable goods and secondly, liberalization of the services market. Vietnam also signed and acceded to various bilateral and multilateral arrangements on investment including the Convention on the Establishment of the Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (“MIGA�).
Vietnam has seven international airports and fifteen civil airports, basic transportation systems such as railways, road, waterway system are more intact then before, even through after several years development and received economic benefit, transportation still limited the development of Vietnam. After Vietnam joined the ASEAN, on account of the4 geographic advantages and its opening policy, Vietnam gain more opportunities to cooperate with the first rate company and to reform the inside industrial structure, such as accelerate energy technology and digitalization process.
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� �  The risks of the textile and apparel industry of Vietnam could be several factors due to the limited technology. Many enterprises haven’t paid proper attention to building up long-term development strategy; as a result, the stable development is limited. Most of enterprises are in small and medium size with low investment capital mobilization and limited ability of innovating technology and equipment. Human resource training of middle and high-class management, technology, and fashion design are weak. Moreover, Vietnam has intensive International competition, especially from powerful textile suppliers such as China, India. Compared to China, Labor productivity is low and products are not diversified. Textile backward linkage industry are still not very developed, 70% of raw materials are imported from abroad, resulted in inactive production and limit the quick response ability. However, the benefits are still obviously. Vietnam ranked within top 10 biggest textile and garment exporters in the world, and it is appreciated as a stable political and safe social destination, attracting businessmen and foreign investors. With abundant and skillful labors at relatively low cost, Vietnam textile and garment enterprises can produce complicated styles high quality, high value added and branded products.
Vietnam is an attractive market, full of many opportunities for potential business, investment and trade. After the changes of shifting to international trade, the Vietnamese garment industry has sustained its high level of export growth and gained import market share at its main US market although not as much as China. There are however, various issues that will need to be considered by an exporting company, specific to the particular product or service they wish to offer this market. The suppliers should pursue functional upgrading strategies besides the fact that they are flexible serving several customers at different markets.
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COUNTRY ANALYSIS
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Conclusion Although Vietnam is 1% point higher in profit margins than in China which basic on the above data calculate, China which has powerful and complete production capacity, wide market and rich raw material is still need be highlight. In addition, China can be the second potential market of H.L.H. About manufacturers, XianYi is a good choice which can meet requirement of H.L.H based on Supplier Ranking.
Fashion unit placement
Basic unit placement
Fashion Unit Costing
H.L.H will place fashion units with Chinese manufacturer XianYi co.,
H.L.H will place basic unit with Vietname manufacturer Fash-
China's production costs are rising, but China's garment
Ltd. XianYi is a fast growing and forward-looking enterprise, dedicated
ion Garment. Fashion Garmen is a fast growing and
manufacturing industry can still provide us with a lot of added
to intelligent manufacturing, has a solid production basis and experi-
forward-looking enterprise, it purchases high quality goods to
value. Although the recent China-US trade war is worrying,
ences. In recent years, XianYi has good reputation in the international
build its reputation to the world. Besides, Fashion Garment
China still leads global garment production because of the
cooperative production projects. Meanwhile, XianYi within China offer a
offer a safe working environment for their workers, the geo-
dual advantages of raw materials and labor. In addition,
safe working environment for their workers as well as benefits and
graphic advantage also provides a stable environment for
intelligent manufacturing in China is developing at a high
growth opportunities. The brand is benefitting to cooperate with this
manufacturing.
speed, which can achieve higher quality and lower produc-
supplier.
tion costs at the same time.
Conclusion By placing fashion units in China, H.L.H can minimize the risk of quality mistake, as well as holiday or seasonal issue. Besides, China is offering stable costing, technological advancements that hits H.L. H’s requirements. By placing basic units in Vietnam, H.L.H can minimize the risk of quality mistake and balance the cost with quality. By placing units with EKOTEN, H.L.H can respond to sales in basics and bring in replenishment units swiftly. H.L.H will place with XianYi co., Ltd. In China for fashion unit and EKOTEN in Vietnam for basic unit. The company can offset risk by placing units in two countries to realize the goal of quality providing to our customers.
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SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGIES FOR H.L.H
DISTRIBUTION STRATEGY H.L.H is founded in New York City and opened the store in Los Angeles and Seattle, H.L.H also provides large-scale e-commercial service. H.L.H only set three flagship stores as our offline channels, we believe that online shopping will be an irreversible trend, fewer stores will save capital and enable us to invest more in online promotion. Online channels will be Net-A-Porter, Nordstrom, Saks fifth avenue and Farfetch, our strategy is to win by the quantity of online channel. Besides, above online channels will also provide express shipping worldwide, ensuring our customers are not only limited to the United States. Retail channels locate in New York, Seattle and Los Angeles, three flagship stores with technological elements (online-order screen) that provide customers a special experience when they are shopping. Fewer stores save more cash flow to allow us investing more in video promotion strategy (online media, such as YouTube). Thus, the goal of placing H.L.H in two types of channels is to achieve a higher exploration rate on the internet that attracts more customers from this new generation.
Flagship Store: •
Lafayette Street - New York
•
Fred Seagal - Los Angeles
•
Westlake Center – Seattle
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- 9 Selected American Logistics
 When picking the right warehouse partner, we are considering the following factors: •
Environmentally-friendly
•
Provide data services
•
Offering same-day order process
•
Returns within 24 hours.
•
100% visibility of stock in anytime, safe storage
•
Customer support 24/7
•
Exceptional picking and packing service
To meet the above requirement, H.L.H researched 9 company to evaluate their pros and cons:
- What are the pros and cons? ‚ €
Pros • The European leader in outsourced e-fulfillment • The global contract logistics market leader with 12 million m2 of warehouse space • One of the largest transportations and logistics companies serving North America, with leading positions in freight brokerage, contract logistics, intermodal, last mile logistics for heavy goods and expedite, and with a growing position in global forwarding • A continued company-wide focus on world-class customer service grounded in ethical conduct and an ongoing commitment to compliance with all applicable laws Cons • The freight is expensive • Weak presence in the US market
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Pros • UPS is strong on routes from China to the Americas • Fast speed (available on 2-4 working days, 48 hours arrive to the United States) • Items above 21 kg have a separate preferential price, • Deliver goods online and provide pick-up service • Efficient and reasonable storage service and provide value-added services which related to manufacturing's delay strategy Cons • The freight is expensive; more additional fee; The discount is higher than others • When bulk is bigger than actual weight, calculated by bulk weight • Strict limits on acceptable items
Pros • World’s No.1 in Warehousing, Distribution & Contract Logistics • Value added service for e-commerce (Packaging design, procurement and assembly, environmentally-friendly and sustainable packaging) • DHL offers services designed for the fashion industry: DHL Express for Fashion offers solutions for the fashion industry and an ad hoc packaging, with an elegant and refined design. • International gateway & DC in Los Angeles • Custom, security and shipment value Proposition, green Logistics • Partnership with fashion week in London, Paris, Milan, Tokyo and New York. • Full support of DHL behind international art event. Cons • The cost is higher than average • Weak presence in the US market • Large global company
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Â? ÂŽ
Pros • One of the Largest logistics service provider; a fortune 500 company • Network of more than 235 offices worldwide with workforce of approximately 8500 employees • Strong brand equity • Better pricing power • Excellent brand presence and service to customers Cons • Dependence on transportation providers • Limited market share growth • Since this is a competitive segment, the market share growth is limited
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Pros • Big size company. • rich business experiences (about 47 years) • services cover whole supply chain which from the beginning to end of the distribution (including warehousing services) • FedEx has established the Asia Pacific Express processing center in Guangzhou, China. • FedEx supports Multiple package shipment (MPS). • FedEx has great advantages of price in North America, Southeast Asia and parts of Europe. • FedEx charges by volume weight. Items above 21 kg have a separate preferential price, Cons • The restrictions on goods distribution are strict. No food, liquids, powders, combustibles, odors, imitations / brands, battery items can be sent by FedEx • An additional 30 address fee is charged for customers who delivered to private addresses in North America (including Mexico) and for remote areas in some countries • not mainly focus on apparel delivery.
SUPPLY CHAIN STRATEGIES FOR H.L.H
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Pros: • Strong Brand Portfolio • Reliable suppliers • Strong distribution network • Expertise in fashion and apparel industry. • Technical knowledge of customs rules and regulations in the multitude of countries of operation. • Working relationships with a variety of entities including airlines, ocean steamship lines, and governmental agencies. • Sophisticated and efficient procedures for the management of logistics supply chains • Expeditors International works to minimize freight charges for its clients, for example, by consolidating shipments. ! Cons • It does not own ships, planes or trucks so it depends on third party equipment • Tough competition from international and global players means limited market share • Company’s low ability to hedge foreign currency exposure • Need more investment in new technologies. Given the scale of expansion and different geographies the company is planning to expand into,
Pros • Rich business experiences (about over 40 years) • Offers Pool Shipping (under 10,000 units per time) • stable and efficient warehousing services and has large warehouses for plenty of storage opportunities • Has a safely transportation system in the US Cons • not mainly focus on apparel delivery but refrigerated goods delivery • Small size company • transfer to family run recently • Handles mostly warehousing, uses third parties for extra functions
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Pros: • Textile expertise • Fortune 500 company • Public company, high gross revenue • same day shipping • Work with specialists in flat and hanging picking • Web access to allow customer verification of inventory status, history, and tracking Cons: • Too large for small business • Headquarters located in lowell
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Pros • 55+ years of experience (international shipping and delivery) • strong economic base, part of a six-company family • whole services covers whole supply chain which from the beginning to end of the distribution; everything from container shipments to air shipments to ground shipments. • Has good international reputation. • An innovator in freight shipping industry (offering a lighter replace traditional containers) Cons • need improve high-tech management to achieve high efficiency. • small size company. • many new Warehouses need time to check and train. • lack of retail experience.
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H.L.H will work with DHL as its provider, DHL has Partnership with fashion week in New York, it supports every fashion week in recent years around the world. Besides, DHL has developing a new IT platform that provides seamless access to a network of fulfillment centers and is closely integrated with DHL shipping capabilities to allow customers to meet their fulfillment and shipping requirements in a much more efficient fashion.
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Appendix REFERENCE “Analysis of China's economic development trend in 2018”, Industry Channel, 27 Dec 2017,
CSCL shipping，http://www.cscl.com/
http://www.chyxx.com/industry/201712/597670.html “Data and analysis of major 40 countries in China's foreign import and export trade in “Analysis of education status of population aged 6 years and over in China in 2016”, www.askci.com, 25 Oct
2017”, Coowor.com, 28 May 2018, http://ww-
2017,
w.coowor.com/news/view/20180528153625RDP7.html
http://www.askci.com/news/chanye/20171025/180225110475.shtml Dang Nhu Van, “VIETNAMESE T&G FIRMS IN THE GLOBAL VALUE CHAIN: IF AND BBC Asia Business Report, (18 June 2010) Low wage costs attract investors to Vietnam. [online]. BBC.
HOW VALUE ADDED PAYS OFF?” Vietnamese Academy of Social Sciences, June 2005
Available from: http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/10344233 Doing Business in Vietnam, PwC, 6th Edition, July 2017 “Belt and Road will make Turkey-China cooperation a success.” China Daily, Umut Ergunsu, 01 June 2017, http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/opinion/2017-06/01/content_29580844.htm
“Emergency rescue of natural disasters in supply chain system”, Dai and Yan, 15 Oct 2016,
“BizVibe: Turkey’s Textile and Apparel Industry Eyes a Bigger Share of the Global Market.”
http://www.docin.com/p-1051176397.html
Business Wire, 21 March, https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20170321006495/en/Biz-
“Free trade agreements of Turkey.” Republic of Turkey Ministry of Economy, September
Vibe-Turkey%E2%80%99s-Textile-Apparel-Industry-Eyes-Bigger
2013, http://yoikk.gov.tr/upload/idb/ftascompatibilitymode.pdf
“China's economic situation will continue to stabilize and improve in 2018”, Securities Star, 23 Dec 2017,
“Garment industry in future”, Wei, 26 Jan 2018,
http://baijiahao.baidu.com/s?id=1587542076855738439&wfr=spider&for=pc
https://wenwen.sogou.com/z/q38249332.htm?from=knowledge
“Current situation of China's textile industry 2018”, Xia, 17 Aug 2017,
“General situation of Chinese politics”, Yanzi, 19 Oct 2011,
http://www.360doc.com/content/18/0713/20/57734359_770171781.shtml
https://www.baidu.com/link?url=LOBHoYxyUMbvUhO5WtYFcqMYpxkTVtktlGQexA2-c4U86smq6E2c2ANj9H__oQX-DkD0K_oiM1wyqVR43xXnpbFBqTfjTfUqqpQK
“The research of meteorological disasters impacts on habit environment under the background of urbanization”, Li and Fang, 17 Oct 2013, http://www.docin.com/p-775017290.html
bd6IkOm&wd=&eqid=e698658a0000cdf3000000065b4717d5
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Appendix REFERENCE HTS code founder, http://findhts.com/tariff/search/number/6104.29.10 International Country Risk Guide, (2010) Country Profile - Vietnam. [online]. International Country Risk Guide. Available from: http://www.prsgroup.com/icrg.aspx [Accessed 17/11/2010]. “Lead time to export, median case (days)” The world bank, 01 Jan. 2017 https://data.worldbank.org/indicator/LP.EXP.DURS.MD?locations=TR&view=chart Le van Dao, Vice Chairman Vietnam Textile and Apparel Association (VITAS), “Vietnam Textile and Garment Industry plays a very important role in the Economy of our Country”, 2015 Mardell, Mark (11 December 2006). "Turkey's EU membership bid stalls". BBC. Retrieved 17 December 2006. “Meeting etiquette.” Passport to trade 2.0, 15 Oct. 2012 http://businessculture.org/southern-europe/business-culture-in-turkey/meeting-etiquette-in-turkey/ Quang, T., Swierczek, F.W. and Chi, D.T.K., (1998) Effective leadership in joint ventures in Vietnam: a cross-cultural perspective. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 11 (4), 357 <last_page> 372. Steinglass, M. (2010) Vietnamese go gadget shopping, Financial Times (London, UK) Aug 19, pg 6
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“Turkey - Economic forecast summary (May 2018).” OECD, May 2018 http://www.oecd.org/economy/turkey-economic-forecast-summary.htm “Turkey Has Its Advantages as A Sourcing Hub for Europe.” Textile Excellence, 01 March 2017, http://www.textileexcellence.com/news/details/1869/turkey-has-its-advantages-as-a-sourcing-hub-for-europe “Turkish Lira - Crisis or Opportunity?” Seeking alpha, Tarek El Sherbini, 27 May 2018, https://seekingalpha.com/article/4177553-turkish-lira-crisis-opportunity “Turkey Business Communication.” Passport to trade 2.0, 17 Oct. 2013 http://businessculture.org/southern-europe/business-culture-in-turkey/business-communication-in-turkey/ “Textile & Apparel Industry in Turkey.” Fiber2fashion.com http://www.fibre2fashion.com/industry-article/9/textile-and-apparel-industry-in-turkey “Turkey Textile Industry Overview.” Fiber2fashion.com http://www.fibre2fashion.com/market-intelligence/countryprofile/turkey-textile-industry-overview/ “Why Turkey suffers earthquake misery.” BBC news, 8 March 2010, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/2992311.stm “Women’s woven top.” United States International Trade Commission, 01 Jan 2018 https://dataweb.usitc.gov/scripts/tariff_current.asp
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