ABPL20033 - Construction Analysis, Semester 1 - 2020 Dr Sofia Colabella, Subject coordinator Alex Baltovski Lydia Alford, 998180, 3/16/20 Lake Wendouree Residence , Tutorial no. 6 ASSIGNMENT 2
FLIPBOOK SECTION 2D: construction stages, details and annotations : SECTION 4B
Cover image, photo by Peter Bennetts
Stage 01 SITE PREPARATION AND FOOTINGS Prior to the construction works on the dwelling, the contractor needed to have obtain the necessary permits from the local authority to comply to Australian standards (building act 1993 and Planning and Environments Act 7). Once approved, the existing building on the site was demolished using primarily crow bars and jack hammers. Existing trees, plantings, paths and driveway was demolished as well as facilities which as the water-meter, gas meter and meter box were relocated After all demolition works have been carried out, the site was excavated using a bob cat, proof rolled using suitable equipment consistent with the site conditions and four layers of compact engineered fill was installed to support the super structure in accordance with AS128. A trench digger was used for all mass concrete works. Trenches were dug at least 200mm into stiff clay (according to soil report). 15Mpa blinding unreinforced concrete was poured into trenches allowing for a firm surface for the reinforced concrete footings to be poured on-top. This was done in accordance with AS3800. Finally pipes and plumbing were installed. Temporary facilities were obtained such as a skip, temporary site office, port-a-loo toilets and fencing.
Detail Plumber installs all service pipes for the house in accordance with the architect’s and civil engineer’s drawings. Pipes were installed with an end cap and wrapped with marker tape to avoid rubble getting into the pipes.
Mass concrete pour 15MPa
Hand trolley to more small amounts of Concrete
CONSTRUCTION PROCESS DIVISION LINE
Existing trees to back of property
Sewer stack penetration pipe
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Jack hammer to remove any hard rock and concrete Excavator to for demolition and removal of soil
Stage 02 GROUND FLOOR SLAB All concrete works were carried out in accordance with AS3600. A slump test was conducted to test the grade of the concrete to meet engineer’s details. According to AS1012.3.1:2014 concrete where the nominal aggregate size does not exceed 40mm prepared in accordance with AS 1012.2 is tested with a mould (a cone at least 1.5mm thick) which is placed on a horizontal surface. The mould is filled with concrete in three layers. Each layer is stroked 25 times with a metal rod. The mould is then removed and the concrete is allowed to subside and the height difference is measured. Steel reinforcement is placed in accordance with AS3600. SL62 and SL82 steel fabric mesh was placed on 50mm of compacted sand and the 0.2mm Polyethylene membrane. 3-N16 bars were placed in the trenches onto bar stools at 1000mm centres. 1090x1090 Polystyrene waffle pods with 110mm wide spacing between each pod were placed onto the steel mesh. The concrete was laid using piped concrete and wheelbarrows from a concrete truck. The slab was finished using a helicopter trawler machine.
Detail Steel reinforcement in concrete slab to improve concrete’s relatively low tensile strength and ductility by the inclusion of steel which has high
Temporary formwork
tensile strength or ductility.
SL82 Fabric Mesh Bar chair
Polystyrene waffle pod void former 0.2mm vapour barrier
50mm compacted sand
Helicopter trawler to finish concrete
Concrete poured using a pipe Steel fabric mesh
Trench mesh Hand trolley to pour concrete
1-N12 Bars 3-N16 Bars Bar chair Trench mesh used to improve the tensile strength of concrete. N16 cross bars were placed at 300 centres. Cross bars were connected to 3-N16 bars with tie wire.
Tie wire connection 3-N16 Bars N16 cross bars
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Stage 03 VERTICAL STRUCTURE ABOVE GROUND (STEEL WORK AND TIMBER STUD FRAMING. All timber works were carried out in accordance with AS1684. A series of 120x45, 90x45 and 70x45 MGP10 seasonal pine timber studs were used throughout the section. A nail gun and circular saws were used in the erection of the timber stud framing. All steel work was carried out in accordance with AS 4100. A series of UBs, PFCs and RHS’s were installed onto the columns using typically, 12mm capping plates CFW to columns with 4- M20 bolts as per the engineer’s drawings. In erecting the steel work a crane was used to place columns and beams in place.
Details Connections to support timber framing. Noggings, which are fixed between studs, are used to increase the strength / stiffness of the timber framing. Hoop iron bracing was used to connect
70 x 45 MGP10 380 PFC
380 PFC
the bottom plates to the timber studs. Noggings and timber supports
310 UB 40
75X75X5 SHS
1
120x45 MGP10
20x0.8mm hoop iron strapping connected to stud d and bottom plate
45 x 45 x 4 SHS
RHS, SHS AND PFC columns were welded to baseplates which has been casted into the concrete slab. Once columns had been welded to 6mm base plate, a second concrete pour was carries out to grout columns into the slab using 32 Mpa concrete.
2
Second concrete pour
70 x 45 MGP10
1
2
Continuous fillet weld to underside of cast-in plate
200sq x 16 thick galvanised steel plate
4 x 6mm anchor bars
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75X75X5 SHS
Stage 04 INTERMEDIATE FLOOR STRUCTURE All timber works for the first floor were carried out in accordance with AS1684. Contractor needed to ensure scaffolding was to Australian standard. First floor long reach floor trusses were installed at 450 crs. Internal and external timber double stud framed walls, generally out of 90 x 45 MGP10 seasoned pine stud framing @600 crs. A nail gun and circular saws were used in the erection of the timber stud framing.
Details Connection details of the trusses to the steelwork consisted of hwd timber infill plates bolted to steel beams and connected to floor trusses with joist hangers as per engineer’s details
Metal connector plate rolled or pressed into truss at joints
Scaffolding for workers to work on second floor
Yellow Tongue Flooring
12mm Cleat plate
Timber engineered truss posistrut
Floor trusses are connected to UB using timbre off-cuts, connected with metal connection plates.
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Stage 05 ROOF SYSTEM: ROOF STRUCTURE, SHEETING, COVER AND SKYLIGHT SYSTEMS All timber works were carried out in accordance with AS1684. Timber trusses were manufactured and installed in accordance with AS440. Contractor needed to ensure scaffolding was to Australian standards at this stage. The roof is framed up using a series of roof beams (UBs, PFCs, and RHS’s) and MGP10 Pine LVLs; 190 x 45 MGP pine rafters @450 crs; and timber roof trusses @600 crs connected to and supported on the timber and steel framework erected in the previous stage. The roofing members are connected to the structure using fully nailed multi grips and cleat plates.
Details
Scaffolding for workers to work on second floor
Timber roof trusses are installed at 600CTS. Trusses were designed by
Manufactured off site timber roof trusses installed
truss manufacturer and installed in accordance with AS440. Trusses were connected to MGP10 pine timber. Sarking was placed on-top of the trusses and timber battens were fixed to trusses. Stramit Speed Deck 700 was fixed with proprietary concealed fixings to battens.
Timber Battens
Metal connection plate
Timber roof truss at 600cts
190x45 MGP10 Pine at 450 cts
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190x45 MGP10 Pine timber rafters installed
Stage 06 EXTERNAL WALL (CLADDING INCLUDED), WINDOW SYSTEMS, EXTERNAL DOORS
Windows were installed at this stage by a glassier, attaching to the stud framing. This includes the window for the stairs (with concealed jamb with counter weight box to either side of double hung window), the window for the en-suite (Tasmanian oak head, sill and jambs), and the dining room glass sliding door and the living/kitchen door to courtyard (Tasmanian oak jamb, sill and rails.) Nail guns and circular saws were used at this stage as framing is adjusted for the installation of the doors and windows. For the external cladding, scaffolding was used to install the Zinc sheet cladding with 25mm high double lock standing seam installed onto 19mm marine grade plywood substrate fixed to studs behind.
Details VMZ Flat Lock Panel Zinc was installed onto 19mm plywood support battens with a breathable waterproof membrane underlay.
Gutterbox
Ensuite window installed
VMZINC Flat Lock Panel Zinc Cladding
Breathable sarking
19mm marine plywood (280 cts)
Door leading out to courtyeard installed
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Sliding timber door installed
Stage 07 INTERNAL PARTITIONS, CEILING STRUCTURE, ROUGH-IN SERVICES At this stage, walls were covereed in 13mm plaster board with insulation installed. Holes were cut where lighting and electrical services are to be installed. All ceiling plasterboard was installed through out the house. For this, a timber structure was assembled to in the dining room to reach the desired ceiling height as per architect’s drawings. Plasterbard was fixed with metal screws to timber battens/joists/trusses/studs.
Details Fixing details for the installation of plasterboard was done in accordance with AS4055. In wet
Lighting wires
areas, moisture-graded plasterboard was used. The orientation of the plasterboard sheeting is affected by the location of critical light source. Full lengthed sheets should be used to minimise the amoung of butt joints at each sheet.
Pendant lighting wires
Photo Source: Gyprock
For recessed and butt joints, all screw fixings should be fastened until the head is just below the surface of the sheet, without punching the face of the board.
Photo Source: Gyprock
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Stage 08 FINISHING TRADES, JOINERY, APPLIANCES In this stage all finishing trades were installed. This includes the marble stone floating kitchen bench, the marble en-suite bench and cabinetry, joinery in the dining room and walk-in robe, as well as lighting was installed including the pendant lights in the dining room. All plumbing fixtures and fittings are installed and fitted off. Timber skirting boards and architraves are installed Wall and floor tiling is installed and all downpipes are installed. All landscaping was done at this stage. Tradesmen would have used circular saws, drills and ladders.
Study desk
Study shelves
Ensuite benchtop
Shower screen
Walk-in robe cabinetry
Pendant lights
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Stage 01 SITE PREPARATION AND FOOTINGS At this stage, after all demolition and excavation permits had been approved by the local authorities, the site was prepared with the assemblage of on-site facilities and construction was able to commence. The existing building and structures existing on the site was demolished, making way for the commencement of the Lake Wendouree House. Soil was laid, trenches were dug in accordance with the engineer’s drawings, service pipes were laid out and blinding concrete was poured.
Detail At this stage, all plumbing fixture were installed. Plumbing fixtures were installed by a plumber in accordance with the architect’s and civil engineer’s drawings. For this house, popes stood out of the trenches in the ground floor bathroom and in the dining room. These pipes include sewer pipes, water pipes and drainage pipes. Pipes were
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also installed for the en-suite on the first floor at this stage.
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Stage 02 FOOTINGS AND GROUND FLOOR SLAB
Concrete works at this stage was carried out in accordance with AS2870 with all steel reinforcement required for trench mesh and fabric mesh was carried out in accordance with AS4671. Firstly, the sand was placed on-top of the soil, the polyethylene vapour barrier was placed on-top of the sand and in the trenches. The timber formwork was constructed around the perimeter of where the concrete was to be poured. The steel reinforcement was placed on-top of bar chairs both in the trenches in the form of trench mesh. The waffle pods were placed on top of the vapour barrier in accordance with the engineer’s drawings. The steel fabric mesh was placed on-top of bar chairs on the waffle pods. The concrete was poured on-top of the steel mesh, was compacted, screened, floated and trawelled and left to cure.
Detail
SL62 and SL82 Steel mesh
Blinding concrete
3-N16 Trench Mesh
Waffle pod
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Bar chairs for holding mesh
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Stage 03 VERTICAL STRUCTURE ABOVE GROUND (STEEL WORK AND TIMBER STUD FRAMING) At this stage, all vertical timber and steel works for the ground floor was completed and carried out in accordance with AS1684. All steel works were assembled on-site using a crane. Furthermore, Brickwork walls were erected in locations noted on the engineer’s drawings - this include the eastern exterior wall and some internal walls surrounding the bathroom.
Detail All timber work was carried out in accordance to Australian standards. This includes walls consisting of top plates, bottom wall plates, noggings (for internal support), studs (spaced out in accordance to engineer and / or architect’s drawings, wall bracing (as per engineer’s drawings). For openings, walls may require jamb studs, jack studs, lintels, ledger, and sill trimmers.
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Photo from: Australian Standards (AS1684) 1:50 Scale @ A3
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Stage 04 INTERMEDIATE FLOOR STRUCTURE At this stage, timber floor trusses were installed as per the engineer’s drawings. These members were fixed to the steel members. Yellow tongue flooring was placed on-top of the truss members. Generally 90x45 and 120x45 MGP10 timber members were constructed on the first floor.
FJ1 - 350 deep Long reach floor trusses at 450 cts
FJ2 - 530 deep Long reach floor trusses at 450 cts
Detail Yellow tongue flooring was placed on-top of floor joists which allows platform construction to take place - builders can work on the second floor. The sheets are weather protected due to their hardwearing resin surface, protecting the timber elements in the first floor from the weather. Yellow tongue flooring is commonly used in domestic construction.
First floor wall structure 90x45 MGP10 Timber stud
Nogging
Bottom plate
Scaffolding Yellow Tongue
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350 deep long reach floor trusses @450 CTS
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Stage 05 ROOF SYSTEM: ROOF STRUCTURE, SHEETING, COVER AND SKYLIGHT SYSTEMS At this stage the skylight was installed to Australian standards AS 4285. Furthermore, 30 x 0.8 metal strap bracing was installed at this stage to provide more support for members. The manufactured truss members were installed over the study at 600cts
Ceiling truss system
and the 190x45 MGP rafters were installed at 450 cts. Timber battens were attached to the rafters over which was installed thermal reflective foil and R4.1 Bradford Gold ceiling batts + Bradford Anticon Roof INSULATION Blanket. Colorbond Stramit Speed
Skylight
Deck 700 roof sheeting was fixed to the battens.
Box gutter
Detail Insulation. At this stage thermal reflective foil and R4.1 Bradford Gold ceiling batts + Bradford Anticon Roof INSULATION Blanket were installed. Insulation was employed in the building for its passive thermal properties to retain heat. With uninsulated homes losing up to 35% of the heat through the ceilings in winter and around the same amount of heat entering through the ceilings during summer, the insulation bats act as a barrier to slow down this process. Insulation gets installed between the rafters in the ceiling. Colorbond roof sheeting
Box gutter
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Photo from: Yourhome Australia 1:50 Scale @ A3
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Stage 06 EXTERNAL WALL (CLADDING INCLUDED), WINDOW SYSTEMS, EXTERNAL DOORS At this stage, all windows were installed. The en-suite, living room and the study windows are double glazed with low E values - making them more themally effective. These windows were installed to comply with AS1288.
Detail All external cladding was installed at this stage. This included the VM Zinc Flat lock panel zinc cladding to the eastern first floor exterior walls. This was installed by screw fixing the zinc panels to the 19mm plywood battens attached to the timber studs of the walls.
Bradford sound screen plus 2x R1.6 Batts 19mm plywood sheeting
Breathable waterproof membrane
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VM ZINC Securing Clip Zinc Cladding
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Stage 07 INTERNAL PARTITIONS, CEILING STRUCTURE, ROUGH-IN SERVICES At this stage, all wall insulation was installed. This included: Bradford sound screen plus 2x R1.6 Batts to the external walls of the house and Bradford sound screen plus R2.5 to the internal walls. 13mm plasterboard was installed by screw-fixing to joists. Plasterboard sheets need to be taped, filled and sanded before painted and finished. All electrical cords were installed into the correct positions to be finished. Framing was erected for the cabinetry in the study. Internal wall cladding was installed into the dining room and the walls surrounding the first floor en-suite.
Detail Cladding was installed around the en-suite walls. This consists of 45x90 and 42x42mm Spotted Gum Timber battens at 120 CTS (alternating). The battens were screw fixed to the rear of the 138x19mm spotted gum ship-lapped timber cladding.
13mm Plasterboard
120 x 45 MGP10 Timber studs at 600 CTS
Bradford sound screen plus R2.5 internal wall insulation
42x24 Spotted gum timber battens at 120 centres (alternating)
42x90 Spotted gum timber battens at 120 centres (alternating)
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138x19 Spotted gum shiplapped timber cladding
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Stage 08 FINISHING TRADES, JOINERY, APPLIANCES At this stage, all internal walls were painted, joinery in the walk-in robe and dining room was installed. The shower screen, mirror, toilet, marble bench top, sinks, tap-wear and cabinetry was installed in the en-suite. Shelving, drawers and cabinetry was installed in the study. The bedframe was assembled off site and installed in the master bedroom. All power points and lights were installed by an electrician. Any defects were fixed at this stage. Floors were finished with timber floor boards in the study, tiles in the en-suites, dining room, powder room and the entry and carpet was installed in the master bedroom.
Detail Power sockets were installed by fixing electrical wires to the corresponding terminals (active, earth and neutral). The power-socket is then fixed to the wall. This is done in accordance with AS3112.
13mm Plasterboard
Power socket cutout
Electrical wiring to be fixed to corresponding terminals
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Rear view (wiring side) of power socket
1:50 Scale @ A3