Lyn Poon KADK CITAstudio 2015 Thesis Program

THERMAL [MASS] CUSTOMISATION: speculative exploration into designing with the effect

Lyn Poon stud5636 Thesis Program 2015 CITAstudio Tutor: Paul Nicholas

The Royal Danish Academy of Fine Arts School of Architecture KADK

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CONTENTS

ABSTRACT 1.0\\ THE SYSTEM 1.1\\COMPONENTS OF THE SYSTEM : harnessing energy : the effect

1.2\\

1.3\\

CONTROL OF THE SYSTEM : distribution : controlling the effect

DESIGNING WITH ENERGY : application : designing with the effect

2.0\\ METHODOLOGY 2.1\\ VERSIONING

2.2\\ [MASS] CUSTOMISATION

Lyn Poon \ stud5636

Thesis Program 2015 \ CITAstudio

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ABSTRACT

The

ability for materials to absorb energy and release this energy at

different rates begins the interest into this enquiry into developing a system that can utilise these properties in a specified manor.

In

response to advancing computational method for designing and the

ability to design with specific precision and tailoring departure point of interest.

Coinciding

-

this engages in a

with this method of designing a second point of interest arises

in the form of mass customisation.

The

development of prescriptive and

individual solutions through computational modelling methods, provides the opportunity for unique scenarios or situations at a given time of the data specified.

In

an environment of non static matter, the option to produce a static

In

particular with advances in designing with the climate and optimising

solution optimised only really exists for that specific moment in time.

for harnessing energy becoming more apparent in the design industry; this projects to a point of investigation concerning a suggested methodology

of creating a field of variations for application rather than one optimal solution to a problem.

In this thesis my intention is to examine and explore the three areas I have defined as ‘the system’ into the understanding of the notion of thermal massing within the framework of architectural design.

As

part of the speculation into the design process

attitude

toward

designing

versioning will be explored.

Lyn Poon \ stud5636

for

mass

customisation

the and

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1.0 \\ THE SYSTEM

1.1\\COMPONENTS OF THE SYSTEM : harnessing energy : the effect

1.2\\

1.3\\

Lyn Poon \ stud5636

CONTROL OF THE SYSTEM : distribution : controlling the effect

DESIGNING WITH ENERGY : application : designing with the effect

Thesis Program 2015 \ CITAstudio

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Component of the system

Control of the system

Designing with energy

Source

Storage

Emittance

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1.0 \ ARCHITECTURE AND ENERGY

\\SENSING ENERGY

\Energy as the igniter

Energy is to life. Symbolically and practically our understanding of systems and the world revolve around the many theories whether mechanical, ecological or mythical. ‘..energy injects life, processes, and transformations into the inanimate world of matter....’1 In a period of time where we are indulgent in the ‘frozen’ image of architecture we tend to prioritise our experience of space mainly with our sense of sight over the other sense.

In response to this our sense of touch in experiencing architecture and space is just as fundamental as the visual understanding. Referring to the inherent principles of energy and its many manifestations; we can begin to reconnect and reflect on the fundamental theories within architecture, which historically itself holds its symbolic representations as a dialogue and narrative throughout architecture.

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Lyn Poon \ stud5636

Fernandez-Galiano,L, and Carino,G. (2000) Fire and Memory on Architecture and Energy. P4

Image courtesy Barbara Summey, NASA Goddard Visualization Analysis Lab, based upon data processed by Takmeng Wong, CERES Science Team, NASA Langley Research Centre

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Component of the system

Control of the system

Designing with energy

Source

Storage

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1.1\ ARCHITECTURE AND ENERGY

\\REGULATING FLOWS OF ENERGY

\Animating matter

The study of energy flows in the ecosystem in terms of inputs and outputs begin to define the framework for an ecological economy.

Human systems can also be interpreted in terms of the circulation of energy and material similar to natural systems. Architecture can then be understood as transformations of the material environment as it is continuously changing by use and circumstance in response to degradation and repair in relation to time. ‘...architecture, as an artifact of the human environment, regulates natural energy flows and channels the energy accumulated in combustible substances for the benefit of the living beings who inhabit it’ 1

From this perspective, we can consider designing architecture using some fundlemental principles of thermodynamic system as a conceptual narrative.

Flow of sunlight and food in an environmental system, with inputs and outputs of matter and energy. Howard T. Odum, Environment, Power, and Society (1971)

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Lyn Poon \ stud5636

Fernandez-Galiano,L, and Carino,G. (2000) Fire and Memory on Architecture and Energy. P5

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Component of the system

Control of the system

Designing with energy

Source

Storage

Emittance

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1.1\ ARCHITECTURE AND ENERGY FLOWS

\\INPUT INTO A SYSTEM

\Thermodynamic system

A further understanding of energy flows in a systems can be understood within the realm of thermodynamics. This begins the study of how heat and energy moves around within a system.

The term thermodynamics refers to a macroscopic description of bodies and processes A thermodynamic system is a macroscopic volume of space in which the principles of thermodynamics can be studied along its boundary and surroundings. Thermodynamic variables, such as temperature, entropy, internal energy, and pressure, can be used to describe thermodynamic systems.

The system is a defined region of the universe under study. Outside of the system is the surroundings which is separated from the rest of the universe by the boundary.

The boundary can also been interpreted as notational or actual; and this is where the transfer of conserved quantities such as matter and energy or unconserved such as entropy, are allowed to transfer into and out of a system.

The boundary can have different properties that determine permeability of transfers into the surrounding or environment.

In

designing a system as a framework the principles of a

boundary and the environment and conditioning can be utilised.

The

understanding of transfer rates and energy

flows can be used as a driver for the system.

http://en.wikipedia.org

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Component of the system

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Designing with energy

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Storage

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1.1\ ARCHITECTURE AND ENERGY FLOWS

\\INPUT INTO A SYSTEM

\First law of thermodynamics First law of thermodynamics

The increase in internal energy of a closed system is equal to the difference of the heat supplied to the system and the work done by it.

There is a internal state of energy that can be reached by heat and work. The internal energy of an isolated system obeys the principle of conservation of energy.

The conservation of energy states that energy can be transformed but cannot be created or destroyed.

\Second law of thermodynamics

The principle that in a closed system you cannot end any real physical process with as much useful energy as you had to begin with, as energy is wasted at some point. This means that a perpetual motion machine is impossible.

The law describes the dissipation of kinetic and potential energy observable in nature. Heat cannot pass from a colder body to a warmer body by itself.

While quantity remains the same (First Law), the quality of matter/energy deteriorates gradually over time.

Second law of thermodynamics

This loss in energy is commonly known as the Law of Increased Entropy.

Entropy is defined as a measure of unusable energy within a closed or isolated system. As usable energy decreases and unusable energy increases, “entropy� increases. Entropy is also a gauge of randomness or chaos within a closed system.

Villard De Honnecourt Perpetual Motion Machine Leupold's wheel

Lyn Poon \ stud5636

Thesis Program 2015 \ CITAstudio

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Component of the system

Control of the system

Designing with energy

Source

Storage

Emittance

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1.1\ THERMAL [MASS]

daily

annual

\\STORAGE AND EMITTANCE

\What is thermal mass:

Rate of Time

The rate materials absorbs and releases heat in relationship with other cycles of activity can be manipulated to condition environments.

Energy

Occupational Rate

Rate of Time

\Why it is interesting:

Gradient of Energy

The ability of a material to store heat.

Thermal mass will absorb thermal energy when the surroundings are higher in temperature than the mass, and give thermal energy back when the surroundings are cooler, without reaching thermal equilibrium.

time lag

Typically denser materials such as concrete and masonry products are able to store more heat.

Other materials such as timber absorbs heat at a slowly rate so offer a different time cycle of thermal energy release.

In my research the aim is to focus on thermal mass as a notion

Energy

to represent a thermodynamic system in an architectural system. It investigates the conditions of transfer, rates, and cycles of energy.

Lyn Poon \ stud5636

Thesis Program 2015 \ CITAstudio

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Component of the system

Control of the system

Designing with energy

Source

Storage

Emittance

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1.1\ THERMAL [MASS]

\\DEVELOPING A DESIGN TOOL

\Temporal cycles and rates

Thermal mass is equivalent to heat capacity, the ability of a body to store thermal energy.

Units : J/°C or J/K thermal energy:

Q = Cth ΔT Q = thermal energy transferred Cth = thermal mass of the body ΔT = change in temperature For a body of uniform composition Cth can be approximated Cth = m cp = mass of the body cp = specific heat capacity of the material m

Using

the

principles

of

understanding

thermal

mass

calculations, part of the investigation would be to explore

the development of a computational design tool that supports the design testing and evaluation of the proposition.

Lyn Poon \ stud5636

Understanding how to extract data to develop a design tool for design explorations http://greenblog.typepad.com/d41e/visionary/

Thesis Program 2015 \ CITAstudio

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Component of the system

Control of the system

Designing with energy

Source

Storage

Emittance

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1.1\ THERMAL [MASS]

\\PRINCIPLE CHARACTERISTICS

\Location of mass

Typically thermal mass within the building environment is rooted in the grounding with the earth as a body of mass.

Other vernacular approaches see thermal mass embedded in its exterior walls.

Within the development of passive architecture narratives we also see the introducing of thermal mass walls used internally as thermal spines/ walls of buildings. This dialogue also introduces the concept of organising environments and spaces around the distribution of energy through these internal thermal mass objects.

The location of massing in a system engages with a dialogue between the scale and effect desired.

Temperature Modification by Thermal Mass http://www2.ecospecifier.org/knowledge_base/technical_guides/thermal_mass_ building_comfort_energy_efficiency

Lyn Poon \ stud5636

Thesis Program 2015 \ CITAstudio

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Component of the system

Control of the system

Designing with energy

Source

Storage

Emittance

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1.1\ THERMAL [MASS]

\\MATERIALS AFFECT THE STORAGE AND EMITTANCE

Water

Water has the highest volumetric heat capacity of all commonly used material. As a building material it is used to saturate other types material such as soil to increase heat capacity.

Concrete, clay bricks, masonry

The thermal conductivity of concrete depends on its composition and curing technique.

Concretes with stones are more thermally conductive than concretes with ash, fibres, and other insulating aggregates.

Earth, mud and sod

Dirt’s heat capacity depends on its density, moisture content, particle shape, temperature, and composition.

Rammed earth

Rammed earth provides excellent thermal mass because of its high density, and the high specific heat capacity of the soil used in its construction.

Logs

Log constructions differ from some other construction materials because solid wood has both moderate R-value (insulation) and also significant thermal mass, whereas, water, earth, rocks, and concrete all have low R-values.

All

materials have the potential to store and emit energy

http://phiko.kr/bbs/board.php?bo_table=z4_02&wr_id=147

but for traditional methods of designing with thermal mass the rates of energy release is desired by particular materials.

In defining the ambient desired environment and scenarios in this project; exploration into the relationship between the material and rates of energy store and release could inform the development of a system of designing.

Lyn Poon \ stud5636

Thesis Program 2015 \ CITAstudio

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Component of the system

Control of the system

Designing with energy

Source

Storage

Emittance

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1.1\ THERMAL [MASS]

\\PRINCIPLE CHARACTERISTICS

\Output

The basic understanding of thermal mass and the ability to store energy and release this energy at a different rate; the common use of thermal mass is to condition environments whether too cool or heat a space relative to the temperature on the opposing envelope.

When

considering the emittance of the stored energy,

we begin to explore the intention of dissipation rates and considerations into surface area and geometry explorations.

Personal work: Gradient spectrum of a field of elements exploring geometry and depth

Concrete Labyrinth | federation square, Australia

Heat sinks http://www.isoskin.com

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Thesis Program 2015 \ CITAstudio

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Component of the system

Control of the system

Designing with energy

Source

Storage

Emittance

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1.1\ ENERGY AND THE SOURCE

\\SOLAR

\Time and Trajectories

Symbolically the sun has its significance in its narrative within our world, from the source of energy and heat, to it mechanism in determining time and organising our trajectories.

When considering the solar path as a mechanism and organiser of mechanical time there appears to a definitive path, however as energies flow freely in our ecology, other matter and energies in our complex system break this unity and create variations within the system. ‘Natural process alter the homogeneity of mechanical time: flowers open and close at different hours of the day, and the branches of a tree bloom on different days, depending on their cardinal position.’ 1

Flower clock proposed by Linnaeus, 1751: each flower opens at a different hour

In accordance with working with our ecosystem to provide naturally beneficial scenarios; the sun also provides a functional sophisticated climate control system.

Blooming times in a pine tree recorded by A.Scamoni in 1938; flowers first appear on the south-southwest side and last - two days later - in the branches oriented northwards.

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Lyn Poon \ stud5636

Fernandez-Galiano,L, and Carino,G. (2000) Fire and Memory on Architecture and Energy. P59

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Component of the system

Control of the system

Designing with energy

Source

Storage

Emittance

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1.1\ ENERGY AND ARCHITECTURE

\\THE SUN

\Solar trajectories and organisation

Understanding the solar path and using this to benefit the organisation and designing of environments has its long history within our civilisation.

There are symbolic as well as practical applications of this method. ‘...solar and astronomic references situate architecture in the orderly world of trajectories, of necessary and predictable occurrences,’ 1

\Energy as an organiser

Typically passive solar architecture concerns itself more with controlling the natural energy rather than with maximising the capturing of this energy.

There tends to be a focus to search for the ‘ideal orientation’.

In Le Corbusier’s architectural tradition of building are governed by the stars, the sun is a luminous and regular sign that normalises and organises the life of human beings.

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Lyn Poon \ stud5636

Solar penetration at solstices and equinoxes through windows facing different directions ( William Atkinson,1894)

The law of the place, Le Corbusier, 1946

The solar cycle, Le Corbusier, 1954

Fernandez-Galiano,L, and Carino,G. (2000) Fire and Memory on Architecture and Energy. P24

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Component of the system

Control of the system

Designing with energy

Source

Storage

Emittance

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1.1\ ENERGY AND ARCHITECTURE

\\THE FIRE

\Energy as heat

When considering energy as heat the sense of touch is implied in its meaning and provokes a greater sense of animation than that is purely mechanical. The symbolism of heat and fire is also a fundamental narrative within our universe. ‘...the mention of fire introduces agitation and interchange, movements and beginnings, interactions and unpredictability.’1 Vitruvius writes ‘ the sun and the fire, meant to be fostered naturally, make life more secure’2

The discovery of fire in Cesariano’s Vitruvius (1521)

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Lyn Poon \ stud5636

Fernandez-Galiano,L, and Carino,G. (2000) Fire and Memory on Architecture and Energy. P24 Fernandez-Galiano,L, and Carino,G. (2000) Fire and Memory on Architecture and Energy. P231

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1.1\\COMPONENTS OF THE SYSTEM : harnessing energy : the effect

1.2\\

1.3\\

Lyn Poon \ stud5636

CONTROL OF THE SYSTEM : distribution : controlling the effect

DESIGNING WITH ENERGY : application : designing with the effect

Thesis Program 2015 \ CITAstudio

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Component of the system

Control of the system

Designing with energy

Source

Storage

Emittance

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1.2\ ENERGY AND ARCHITECTURE

\\ORGANISATION OF SPACE

\Distribution of heat as an organiser

‘ The fire is not only present in the centre of the house, but burns deep in the masonry of the house itself’ 1 Frank Lloyd Wrights solar hemicycle benefits from the sun while revering it. Frank Lloyd Wright’s interpretation of the solar energy plays an important role in his organisation of his buildings and the symbolism behind the source of the energy.

Wright saw ‘the sun is heat more than light, a beginning more than a regulator, a factor of change rather than of stability.2

The

enquiry will investigate combining both aspects of

utilising the positioning of a nature source of energy to

capture and store the potential energy, then exploring methods to distribute the energy as an organisation system.

Frank Lloyd Wright, solar hemicycle, Jacobs House II, 1943 - 1948

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Lyn Poon \ stud5636

Fernandez-Galiano,L, and Carino,G. (2000) Fire and Memory on Architecture and Energy. P29 Fernandez-Galiano,L, and Carino,G. (2000) Fire and Memory on Architecture and Energy. P29

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Component of the system

Control of the system

Designing with energy

Source

Storage

Emittance

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1.2\ THERMAL [MASS]

\\DISTRIBUTION

\Storage of energy as organiser

Thermal mass in vernacular building systems utilises the ground massing or external walling masses to control environments for cooling or heating effects.

Contemporary variations of using ground massing properties are still used, and utilised in newly invested systems such as Federation square labyrinth in Australia. At night air cools the concrete walls. By day the air is again pumped through the cells, but being cooled by the concrete.

Frank Lloyd Wright, thermal spine

\Emittance of energy as organiser

Other interpretations of the use of thermal mass elements include Frank Lloyd Wright’s use of the thermal spine internally as a distributor of heat and organiser of the activities within the building plan.

Wright chimneys invoke a tradition in which the fire is the soul of the house - a symbol of life - a vital influence to his environmental vision.

Details of concrete Labyrinth, federation square, Australia

Explorations into methods of distributing heat will relate to designing the organisation and conditioning of the ambient environment. Investigations into the rate of dissipation and

absorption would involve related explorations into surface area and geometries of the surface.

Personal work: Gradient spectrum of a field of elements exploring geometry and depth

Lyn Poon \ stud5636

Thesis Program 2015 \ CITAstudio

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Component of the system

Control of the system

Designing with energy

Source

Storage

Emittance

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1.2\ OCCUPYING AN ENVIRONMENT

\\RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ENERGY, MASS AND SPACE

Investigations

Specifying ambient conditions

into how to combine capturing the natural

source of heat energy from the trajectory of the sun, as a

storage mechanism; then using methods of distribution rates

Time lag 05

to organise and condition various environments.

Parameters include: -sourcing -storage -proximity of distribution -rates of time

Time lag 02

SOURCE

SYSTEM Personal work: mass distribution studies

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1.1\\COMPONENTS OF THE SYSTEM : harnessing energy : the effect

1.2\\

1.3\\

Lyn Poon \ stud5636

CONTROL OF THE SYSTEM : distribution : controlling the effect

DESIGNING WITH ENERGY : application : designing with the effect

Thesis Program 2015 \ CITAstudio

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Component of the system

Control of the system

Designing with energy

Source

Storage

Emittance

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1.3\ OCCUPYING ENVIRONMENTS

\\GRADIENTS IN ENVIRONMENTS AND PEOPLE

\Relationship between people and gradients of energy As an example of people occupying gradients of environments that are suited towards their personal comfort level, in Iceland where natural springs in swimming pools provide spots of higher temperature. People at this outdoor pool position themselves in areas suited to their comfort level.

Natural hot springs in swimming pool in Iceland

Personal work: Gradients in a space and orientation and clustering

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Component of the system

Control of the system

Designing with energy

Source

Storage

Emittance

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1.3\ OCCUPYING ENVIRONMENTS

\\GRADIENTS IN ENVIRONMENTS TO ORGANISATION OF SPACE

\Occupying an atmosphere

In the work of Philippe Rahm, he utilises the gradients of flows and systems inherent in the activities we do in order to program spatial qualities and create ambient spaces.

Philippe Rahm: Jade Eco Park, Tiwan Exterior climate of the park is modulated to propose spaces for improved comfort

Personal work: Gradient exploration to create boundaries

Lyn Poon \ stud5636

Philippe Rahm: Domestic astronomy Occupying an atmosphere determined by the body, clothing and activity.

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Component of the system

Control of the system

Designing with energy

Source

Storage

Emittance

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1.3\ THE SYSTEM

\\SCALES OF EXPLORATION

In developing the system and an understanding the variables

Personal work: Exploration into boundaries, geometry and density

and their relationship with each other the aim is to investigate and evaluate at multiple scales within a given scenario

:

Discrete element:

To use this scale to investigate surfacing strategies and explorations into geometry and surface areas in relation to rates of dissipation

Aggregation/scaling up :

To explore the potential of either a composition of the system working together or as a system that has a gradient imbeded into it

The environment:

To speculate how the system can be applied within a scenario and to aid the evaluation and iteration of the design.

Cool brick :Evaporative cooling airflow diagram. The bricks are modular and interlocking, and can be stacked together to make a screen. http://www.emergingobjects.com/projects/cool-brick/

Philippe Rahm: Domestic astronomy Occupying an atmosphere determined by the body, clothing and activity.

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Component of the system

Control of the system

Designing with energy

Source

Storage

Emittance

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1.3\ FIELDS OF INTEREST

daily

annual

\\TEMPORAL CYCLES \ RHYTHMS \ RATES

In exploring the system design, the investigation will reflect on the following areas and the relationship between: Source :

Transferring energy form one place to another, and the relationship in rates of emission

Emittance:

Occupational Rate

Rate of Time

Storage:

Gradient of Energy

Celestial trajectory of the sun and capturing the energy

Diurnal cycle and its relationship to program of activities.

Conditioning environments for activities Creating environments to prescribe activities

Solar

Lyn Poon \ stud5636

Element

Program

Rates

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Component of the system

Control of the system

Designing with energy

Source

Storage

Emittance

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1.3\ NOTIONAL LOCATIONS

\\ PUBLIC REALM SCENARIO \ URBAN \ NON URBAN

\ Creating an ambient environment without an envelope With an interest in exploring designing with energy gradients, the scenario is to design for the public realm without an envelope. Typically designing with thermal mass is considered within conditioning the environment within an enclosed envelope. However working with the concept of designing with gradients of spaces, it could be beneficial to investigate designing in an open envelop scenario.

In

providing a scenario for evaluating the designing of the

system, notional characteristics of particular environments can be utilised such as an urban situation in comparison to an rural situation

:

Urban :

The characteristic of an urban environment may consider parasitic relationships with surround elements and the conditioning of microclimates.

Non Urban:

The characteristics could consider harnessing localised energy sources or the condition for providing ambient public spaces in non desirable environments.

Rural

Urban

http://www.flir.eu

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2.0 \\ METHODOLOGY

2.1\\ VERSIONING

2.2\\ [MASS] CUSTOMISATION

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Methodology

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2.1\ [MASS] CUSTOMISATION

\\‘VERSIONING’

\Attitude to designing Problem solving tends to accepts the parameters of the problem given, until a final design is worked out, whereas Innovation experimental logic, rigorous analysis - design opportunities are discovered and can be exploited into design innovations Working with existent but unknown conditions to discover opportunities that could not have be predicted in advance Prototypes themselves drive the innovation process Set of conditions organised into a menu capable of being configured to address particular design criteria

Versioning: Evolutionary Techniques in Architecture 2002 AD/Introduction SHoP

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Methodology

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2.1\ VERSIONING

\\EZCT CHAIR

\ Computational Chair Design using Genetic Algorithms (with Hatem Hamda and Marc Schoenauer) In this project researches create a variety of chairs based on versioning techniques. They select for the most resistant chairs for a given manner of sitting.

The idea that there is no optimal chair but rather certain characteristic of a chair design that perform better in one iteration of design for a particular scenario or sitting manner.

This

method is used as exploratory tool for designing for

changing situations

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Methodology

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2.1\ VERSIONING

\\NON STATIC SCENARIO

\Non static situations Variations depending on occupancy driven activities and climatic cycles.

\Iterative Innovating and discovering through testing various scenarios to discover new opportunities Architecture of rehabilitation ‘dedicated to the recuperation and recycling of both the existing material support and the information it contains’ ‘recycling what is fabricated and used, recuperating what has been learned and forgotten.’1

Designing

with the temporal parameters such as the solar

trajectory and creating varying gradient environments suggests a method of exploration and designing that is not resulting in one ultimate solution but the possibility

Models of solar houses obtained by combining four alternative sets of floor plans and sections Solar houses for three different climates

of various solution and evaluating the strength of each outcome.

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Lyn Poon \ stud5636

Fernandez-Galiano,L, and Carino,G. (2000) Fire and Memory on Architecture and Energy. P119

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Methodology

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2.1\ VERSIONING

\\ NON STATIC ENVIRONMENT

\Climate influences Conditioning ambient environments to facilitate particular activities, while sourcing the energy from the located climate. The solar trajectory itself has a continuous cycle and there is not one optimal solution.

Entropic optimism ‘Maximising the capture of natural energy, nourished by fluctuating energy flows’1

\Temporal cycles Explore and manipulate the rates of energy exchange to program ambient environments

Philippe Rahm: According to the type of activity, according to the season, we will rather choose one layer than another

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Lyn Poon \ stud5636

Fernandez-Galiano,L, and Carino,G. (2000) Fire and Memory on Architecture and Energy. P119

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Methodology

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2.1\ VERSIONING

\\ EXPLORATION AND DISCOVERY

Within one of the studio projects our method of creating artifacts through a method of versioning provided us with the opportunity to discover, analyse and evaluate the outcomes, to then further the exploration. This method enabled us to criticise and evaluate the outcome whether it was expected or unexpected. During this process we were also able to identify new opportunities or areas of interest.

This process provided us with the information needed to further the improvement or alteration of the design intent to create new opportunities.

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Methodology

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2.1\ VERSIONING

\\ EXPLORATION AND DISCOVERY

In the next iteration of the project, the process of mass production and the use of the robotic arm provided the opportunity to discover the variants of outcome even though the accuracy of the tool path was fixed. In this project the versioning came from the exploration into the adjustments of tool calibration.

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Methodology

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2.1\\ VERSIONING

2.2\\ [MASS] CUSTOMISATION

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Methodology

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2.2\ [MASS] CUSTOMISATION

\\CONDITIONING AMBIENT ENVIRONMENT

\Rates Absorption

DISSIPATION

\ Rates Emittance

\Prescribe

ambient environments to facilitate public realm Surface area scenarios using passive methods of solar energy design

Considering

Source Energy

rate x

the variables in the investigation rely on a rate y

temporal notion and the desire to explore designing through iteration, there TRANSFER is not a final solution sought but rather a field of solutions.

Time Lag

Density/material rate x

rate z

STORAGE

Scale

INPUT \ RECEIVER

Source Energy

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Surface

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Methodology

2.2\ THERMAL [MASS] CUSTOMISATION

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DISSIPATION DISSIPATION

\\INVESTIGATION TYPES

Surface area Surface area

\Dissipation When considering whether to harness and collect the solar energy to the relationship of releasing the energy into the ambient environment the surface area and geometry are opportunities in customising the interface of the boundary of the system.

TRANSFER TRANSFER

\ Transfer

Density/material

Dependant of material studies and the density of artifact in designing the transfer rate of energy either through the system or out into the ambient environment. The direction and gradient of the flow of energy.

Density/material

\Storage

STORAGE

The overall massing of the artifact and its determined ability to store and collect a described amount to energy in relationship to the emittance rate.

STORAGE Scale

\Input/receiver Solar Depends on the trajectory of the suns path, which is used to orientate and harness the energy Embedded The stored energy to be emitted at different rates. The transfer of the energy to occupy ambient environments

Scale

INPUT \ RECEIVER INPUT \ RECEIVER Source Energy Source Energy Surface Surface

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Methodology

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2.2\ THERMAL [MASS] CUSTOMISATION

\\VERSIONING METHOD \Making Using

physical modelling, material explorations and

feasibility of method of fabrication will be considered.

Various

scales will be explored and production of mass

customisation considered.

Testing for evaluation will be

done on the physical models to provide information for

MAKING

digital design explorations

MAKING

feedback

MULTI-HOLE

SMALLER PROFILES EXTRUDES

\Design simulation

AIR POCKETS

CLAY PRESSURE EXCEEDS PAPER MOVEMENT RATE

LEADING EDGE

Using existing data such as weather files and generated data from the physical model behaviours, this information

FRICTION WITH PAPER

GRAVITY EFFECT

LEADING EDGE SMALL PROFILE EXTRUDES LATER

DEEPER PROFILE

AIR POCKETS SMALL PROFILE EXTRUDES

SECOND PROFILES STABLE

GRAVITY EFFECT SHALLOW PROFILE

DEEPER PROFILE

would be used to aid computational design explorations

LEADING EDGE SMALL PROFILE EXTRUDES

STABLE

AIR POCKETS

FRICTION WITH PAPER

SHALLOW PROFILE AIR POCKETS

STABLE

DESIGN SIMULATION

DESIGN SIMULATION

feedback

GRAVITY EFFECT

\Calibration To develop the next iteration of designs calibration and evaluation of both physical modelling and digital will be considered.

Tools

such as thermal imaging will be

considered as methods to evaluate designs and collect data required for the developing the digital design tool.

CALIBRATING

Lyn Poon \ stud5636

CALIBRATING

Thesis Program 2015 \ CITAstudio

74

Methodology

75

2.2\ THERMAL [MASS] CUSTOMISATION

\\VERSIONING AND INFORMATION TRANSFER PHYSICAL MODELLING

DIGITAL MODELLING

qualitative

quantitative

Radiation of flat surface panels

Radiation of surface panels with a pastern Investigation into application of method using radiation analysis group:

Katre Laura, Chen-Chi Lo, Lyn Poon

Models by Magdalena Haslinger, Rafael Komel, Miguel Ruiz-Rivas, Wenyu Wu

Lyn Poon \ stud5636

Thesis Program 2015 \ CITAstudio

76

Methodology

77

2.2\ [MASS] CUSTOMISATION

\\POSSIBLE METHODS OF ENQUIRY

The speed of movement of the robot does not influence -the in itial form of extruded clay, this - conhappens only after the first tact with the surface .

Fabrication of an artifact subjected to variation and

Material

Low Flexible moulds

Mould process

Layering/path defined

Tool driven

Viscosity

At the beginning of extrusion, the clay begins to be deposited on top of the table generating a circular geometry.This is caused by height difference between the rocket and the table.

High

3D printing

Robotics

versioning

Lyn Poon \ stud5636

Thesis Program 2015 \ CITAstudio

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79

SCHEDULE

FEBRUARY

MARCH

APRIL

MAY

JUNE

KEY PRESENTATION

PHASE 1_GEOMETRY + SURFACE STUDIES PHASE 2_MASS CUSTOMISATION INVESTIGATIONS COMBINING PHASE 1 + 2 SCENARIO TESTING

21st May Final Submission

DEVELOP DIGITAL DESIGN TOOL

1:1 FRAGMENT

Lyn Poon \ stud5636

Thesis Program 2015 \ CITAstudio

80

81

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Fernandez-Galiano,L, translated by Carino,G. (2000) Fire and Memory on Architecture and Energy. The MIT Press.

Architectural Design, SHoP Versioning: Evolutionary Techniques in Architecture Architectural Design, Sean Lally, Energies: New Material Boundaries http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=2152 http://www.philipperahm.com http://www.flir.eu http://www.emergingobjects.com/projects/cool-brick http://en.wikipedia.org http://greenblog.typepad.com/d41e/visionary http://www2.ecospecifier.org/knowledge_base/technical_guides/ thermal_mass_building_comfort_energy_efficiency http://phiko.kr/bbs/board.php?bo_table=z4_02&wr_id=147 http://www.isoskin.com

Lyn Poon \ stud5636

Thesis Program 2015 \ CITAstudio