Boutique Hotel Research Prague, Czech Republic
Thesis Research Fall 2020 Vol. I
Madeline Clark Virgina Tech Class of 2021
VOL. I Thesis Research
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CONTENTS INTRODUCTION 08 Problem + Thesis Statement 09 Goals+ Objectives 10 Thesis Summary + Consultants 11 Clients
PRAGUE, CZECH REPUBLIC 14 Demographics + Culture 16 Site Analysis 18 Building Analysis
CASE STUDIES 22 Hotel Square Louvois 24 Agnad Arts Hotel 26 Long Story Short
PROGRAMMING 30 Adjacencies 31 Building Codes 32 Accessability 33 Industry Guidelines 34 Plan Prototypes
RESEARCH 38 Human Behavior 40 Research Study 42 Color Research 44 Local Resources 45 WELL Standards 46 Hotel Design Guidelines
SOURCES
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INTRODUCTION
THESIS STATEMENT Implementing human behavior and color theory into the hotel design, it will create a unique user experience that fosters the sense of a community. The application of color will enhance guest’s stays making them feel comfortable and relaxed as if they were at home.
PROBLEM STATEMENT The project consists of a 36,000 sq. ft. boutique hotel located in Prague, the capital of the Czech Republic. Known for its many business ventures, numerous out of town guests/tourists come to the city looking for a place to stay. Guests can venture and explore the historic sector of the city and have many opportunities to visit museums and historical landmarks, as Prague is named one of the UNESCO World Heritage sites. Having a hotel located in the downtown area will not only give a place for tourists to stay but will draw those who live outside the city to stay downtown. The hotel will focus on human behavior and color theory, keeping in context with the surrounding city.
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GOALS + OBJECTIVES 1 Educate Guests On The History Of Prague
Incorporate local materials, art, colors and motifs that can be implemented into the design
2 Incorporate Human Behavior Findings Into Overall Design
Research case studies on effective hotel design
Include spaces with multipurposes so they can be used as a destination and gathering space
Develop an atmosphere that can easily be transformed from day to night
3 Develop A Cohesive Brand Identity
Brand hotel with a recognizable name and logo
Reinforce brand through colors and materials
Select a color palette that will be cohesive throughout the space
4 Elevate The Guest Experience
Research ways technology can enhance the guest experience
Allow for customization controls in the guest rooms
Offer select ammenities and services that will distinguish the hotel
5 Develop An Increased Understanding of Wellness
Evaluate WELL Standards and incorporate into the design and functionality of the space
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THESIS TOPIC Focusing on human centered design and the effect of branding and color theory has on people’s stay at the hotel. Studying the effect of lobby design and how it can foster a sense of community by drawing people into the main level of the hotel. From preliminary research, the assumption can be made that having a more informal lobby area that has the restaurant or bar area close by and not separated into its own space will draw people out and use it as a common space.
EVALUATING HOTEL DESIGN
IMPLEMENTING TECHNOLOGY
-Selecting appropriate colors and finshes for branding
-Importance of allowing the guests to have some control over their stay
-Larger common space that draws people in
-Automated blinds and dimmers
-Informal lobby/check-in areas
-A/C customization
CONSULTANT Keyona Isolar, Marketing Assistant, JNA Architects Keyona specializes in branding and marketing for hotels across the country. She provided insight on branding tips, and the importance of a cohesive design. As the project progresses, she will provide critique and assistance on branding effectiveness throughout the space.
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CLIENTS THE BUSINESS TRAVLER Travels alone Frequent hotel guest Main use for hotel is for sleeping, and to recharge
TOURISTS Usually a group of people Looking for cultural experience Seeking a fun and lively atmosphere to stay at with lots of ammenities
LOCAL RESIDENTS Seeking a destination in the city, whether for business or pleasure Escape of daily life
HOTEL EMPLOYEES To provide services that will make a lasting impression on guests From surrounding area Knowledgeable about the city
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EXPLORING PRAGUE
CULTURE + DEMOGRAPHICS ARTS & LITERATURE
POPULATION: 1.3 Million
Density: 12,000 per sq. mile
Prague features 14 UNESCO World Heritage sites, drawing people into the rich historical culture that can be seen in its varitey of architectural styles. Tourists come experience the theaters, museums, parks, and taverns. Popular sites include; the Charles Bridge, Prague Castle, Vltava River, and the Old Town Square.
TOURSIM
SOCIOECONMIC
8 million visitors yearly
The central city of Prague makes up 80% of business activity, as numerous companies have offices in Prague.
Growth Rate: .56% per year Life Expectancy: 79.3 years
5th most visited city in Europe
OLD TOWN SQUARE
Prague is nicknamed “the city of a Hundred Spires” and known for its Old Town Square, the heart of the historic district. Thousands of toursits come explore the rich historic culture and architecutre in downtown Prague each year. 14
MAP OF CZECH REPUBLIC
CLIMATE: mild Sun: 16 hours avg per day Average Temperature (f): + 77 max +26 min Rainfall: 20� per year (May-September)
Prague, CZE
TOPOGRAPHY: rugged Elevation: 235 m
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SITE ANALYSIS
5 4
3
2 1
BUILDING ADDRESS: Odborů 278/4, 120 00 Nové Město, Czechia
1
Site
2
Vltrava River
3
The National Theatre
4
Charles Bridge
5
Old Town Square
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Astonomical Clock
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LANDSCAPE: Numerous gardens and parks throughout the city break up city streets and provide a space to break out. + Vrtbovská Zahrada +Riegrovy Sady +Havlíčkovy Sady +Vltrava River
TRANSPORTATION: Prague has one of the best transportation systems in the world as 2/3 of the population rely on the use of public transport. +Trams +Trains +Metro
TRAM THROUGH OLD TOWN 17
BUILDING ANALYSIS Square Footage: 36,000 Levels: 4
Ground Floor Egress
Geometry
Symmetry
Heirarchy
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LEVEL 4 LEVEL 3 LEVEL 2 LEVEL 1 BUILDING SECTION
BUILDING AXON 19
CASE STUDIES
01 Hotel Square Louvois
ABOUT Type: Hotel Location: Paris Design Firm: Leslie Gauthier Rooms: 50 Year Completed: 2016 Focus: Aesthetic/ Concept Building
DESCRIPTION A transformed apartment and office building into a 50-room hotel. Its elegant style and art deco features give it a luxurious feel. The branding and design allows for a cohesive feel that creates a brand identity throughout the hotel. The design features all custom products making it feel luxurious. Additionally, the hotel offers guests many free services and was designed to accommodate all needs. Its human focus design incorporates unique room settings that allow for customized settings for each guest that stays there.
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PROGRAM + AMMENITIES Underground pool Gym Modernized business area Wellness center Personalized services Room service In house cafe + bar Lively neighborhood Transfering services
DESIGN FEATURES Neighborhood Influence: Short distances from many historical and popular sites in Paris, the hotel combines contemporary design with Haussmann-like influences. Reflects surrounding elegant facades with touches of copper, moldings and grained leathers. Use of lighting, and clean lines invoke a sense of chicness and refinement. The hotel feels luxurious, the moment guests walk in. Branding: Through the use of a cool color pallette, and great attention to detail guests are meant to feel at home. Each guest room is uniquely decorated, wood, velvet, leather, and fabrics combine to form a warm interior that offer great comfort and a restful stay. 23
02 AGNAD ARTS HOTEL
ABOUT Type: Hotel Location: St. Louis, MO Design Firm: Lawrence Group Rooms: 146 Year Completed: 2013 Focus: Color Theory
DESCRIPTION Challenging the norm, this hotel wanted to draw out inspiration from its surroundings, the art district in St. Louis. Focusing on how each color evokes a certain emotion, the arts hotel has 4 different colored rooms that represent a different emotion. Users can book what room they want based on emotion of color, setting the mood for your stay. Color choices are; Freedom Blue, Rejuvenation Green, Curiosity Yellow and Powerful Red. Giving the guests a choice on what color room they want allows them to feel like they have more control over their stay.
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PROGRAM + AMMENITIES Rooftop Bar + garden terrace Restaurant Rooms with hot tubs Bunk bed rooms Private event space Lounges Ballrooms Bar Skyline views 25
03 LONG STORY SHORT
ABOUT Type: Hostel Location: Olomouc, Czech Republic Design Firm: Denisa Striskova Studio Rooms: 56 beds Year Completed: 2017
DESCRIPTION Located in the historical center, the hostel attracts travelers traveling solo or in groups and has a variety of room types to accomodate. An adaptive reuse project, transformed an old horseshoe brick building into a contemporary attraction. Blends original history of the building with modern designs. The hostel’s design intention was to highlight the history of the repurposed building.
Focus: Incorporating Location Awards: 2017 Interior of the Year
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PROGRAM + AMMENITIES Cafe + bar Breakfast buffet Common area Private lockers Garden seating Laundry service Private rooms & dorms Meeting room 24-hr. electronic key access
DESIGN FEATURES Neighborhood Influence: Blending together modern contemporary materials like raw wood, stone and metals. The arched hallway, and exposed brick allude to the past design. Branding: Logo design is incorporated into wayfinding signs, soap bottles and pillows. Consistent use of materials throughout the entire space make each room feel connected. Soft pastels are used to accent the raw material feel and provide warmth in the space.
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PROGRAMMING
PROGRAMMING + ADJACENCIES
LOBBY RECEPTION
Primary Adjacency
STAFF OFFICES BAGGAGE AREA PUBLIC RESTROOMS BAR/CAFE MEETING ROOM BUFFET LOUNGES GYM CAFE KITCHEN SINGLE ROOM DOUBLE ROOM ADA ROOMS BUSINESS AREA
ROOM
LOBBY RECEPTION
D AY LI GH PL T U M BI N G FL O O R
BACK OF HOUSE E
G TA O
SQ
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FO
Interior Design
BUILDING CODES
ITDS 4224: Design Research School of Architecture + Design
THESIS PROJECT Code Assessment 1.
OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATIONS ITDS 4224: Design Research 1. Assembly (A-2, A-3)
Determine your occupancy classification(s) and list in the space pro
Assembly (A-2) & (A-3) Business & residential (R-2)
Building Sprinklered?
THESIS PROJECT Code Assessment
2.
2. Business (B) 1.
Virginia Tech
Yes
Determine your occupancy factor (gross or net) for each of the abov
Factor Determine your occupancy classification(s) and list Occupancy in the space provided:
3. Residential (R-2)
A-2 Total Sq. R-2 Business A-3
Assembly (A-2) & (A-3) Business & residential (R-2)
Gross/Net?
15 Net Footage: 36,000 sf 200 50 100
Gross Gross Gross
OCCUPANT FACTOR OCCUPANT LOAD 2. Determine your occupancy factor (gross or net) for each of the above occupancy classifications 3.
Occupancy A-2 R-2 Business A-3
3.
Factor 15 200 50 100
Factor
A-2 R-2
15 net 200 gross 50 gross 100 gross
Business A-3 TOTAL number of occupants
8.
Sq. Footage 5,000 18,000
# occupants permitted 334 90
1,500 1,500
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Occupancy
Factor
A-2 R-2
15 net 200 gross 50 gross 100 gross
Business A-3
Sq. Footage 5,000 18,000
# occupants permitted 334 90
1,500 1,500
30 15
TOTAL number of occupants
Calculate your occupant load for each space
Occupancy
4. 5. 6. 7.
Gross/Net? Net Gross Gross Gross
Calculate your occupant load for each space
4. 5. 6. 7.
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What is the diagonal for egress? ___62’______ How far apart must your fire-rated stair towers/exits be (minimum)? Is your building sprinklered? Yes What is the maximum travel distance to an exit (common path of tra a. First ____75ft____ b. Second ____75ft____ c. Third _____75ft___ DOORS:d. Fourth _____75ft___ 8. How many of each of the following do you need for your design? a. WC 1 per unit__ F ____7_and 1 Min Door Width: 32” M__7_and b. Lavatory M _4____ F___4___ c. Water fountains __4___ d. Service sinks ___4__
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What is the diagonal for egress? ___62’______ How far apart must your fire-rated stair towers/exits be (minimum)? _200 ft____ Is your building sprinklered? Yes What is the maximum travel distance to an exit (common path of travel) for each floor a. First ____75ft____ b. Second ____75ft____ c. Third _____75ft___ d. Fourth _____75ft___ How many of each of the following do you need for your design? a. WC M__7_and 1 per unit__ F ____7_and 1 per unit_ b. Lavatory M _4____ F___4___ c. Water fountains __4___ d. Service sinks ___4__
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ACCESSIBILITY WHEELCHAIR CLEARANCE
RESTROOM ACCESSIBILITY
ADA MOUNTING HEIGHTS
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INDUSTRY GUIDELINES What Makes a Boutique Hotel? In order to create a successful boutique hotel, there are a few characteristics that they follow. First these hotels are smaller in size making them more intimate and have more specialized services. Because they are not produced on a larger scale they often are located in fashionable areas in a city that offer a unique cultural experience that sometimes you cannot experience at a larger hotel. Thus, they offer more specialized designs that incorporate features of different styles of architecture.
Room Type Break Downs:
Requirments Per Floor:
King: 67%
+ 2 Stairways
Double: 27%
+ 2 Elevators
ADA King: 4%
+ Linen station
ADA Double: 2%
+ Hydration station/ vending
Universal Design Considerations: Overall Hotel:
Guest Room: Roll in showers
Accessible check-in desk height
Hand held nossle
Accessible tables in lounge/ restaurant
Accessible shelving for toiletries
Buffet counter height
Grab bars
Braille signage
Clear floor space around bed
Dispersion of ADA guest rooms in each level of room type
Accessible room controls
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PLAN PROTOTYPES
14' - 3"
12' - 0"
14' - 0"
12' - 0"
MEETING ROOM
ADMIN OFFICE
27' - 6"
28' - 3 21/32"
BUFFET AREA
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Scale: 1/8”=1’-0”
12' - 9"
27' - 3"
23' - 4"
13' - 6"
KING ROOM
DOUBLE ROOM
15' - 0"
8' - 11"
23' - 4"
18' - 4"
14' - 3"
ADA DOUBLE ROOM
ADA KING ROOM 35
RESEARCH
HUMAN BEHAVIOR RESEARCH STIMULATION THEORY Sensory information from the built environment
What is it? Stimulation theory considers the physical environment an important source of sensory information. We intake cues in our surrounding environments and they help shape our attitudes and behaviors.
Activity:
Cues: Light
Intensity
Color
Frequency
Sound
Duration
Noise
Number of sources
Temperature
Length
Building Location
Application to design: Materials can enhance the sensory experience through sight and touch. These senses can be stimulated through the interaction with materials in a space. In a hotel environment, people are drawn to softer, more comfortable textures and earth tone colors. Raw or exposed materials can draw the connection to nature which brings a calm and relaxing atmosphere.
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PROXEMIC THEORY Perception and use of space
What is it? Proxemics is a theory of non-verbal communication that explains how people perceive and use space to achieve communication goals. It looks at how the organization of a space influences body spacing and posture. Proxemic behavior is mainly observed by others and varies by culture. It also helps to explain the organization of towns and living spaces. Using furniture or fences help delineate one’s territory and are designed to provide the owners comfort.
Types of Territories:
Types of Distances:
1. Body Territory-Personal space 2. Primary Territory- One’s living space 3. Secondary TerritoryStructured place (school, church) 4. Public Territory- Open space (park or mall)
Intimate Space (0-18”)
Personal Space (18”-4 ft)
Social Space (4-10 ft)
Public Space (over 10 ft)
Application to design: If a certain behavior or atmosphere is desired, the set up of the room is key. Placing furniture closer together and having dim lighting fosters a sense of personal space and intimacy. To achieve this, furniture should be placed no less than 450mm apart. Conversely if designing an open public space, furniture placement should be put farther apart to facilitate movement.
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RESEARCH STUDY Procedure: Researched the impact materials had on guests experience when staying at a hotel using: +Case Studies +Survey
Responses: When entering into an establishment do you pay attention to the design?
Do you notice the materials and finishes chosen?
Have you ever stayed in a hotel where you were not comfortable?
Do materials impact your mood and emotions when staying at a hotel? If yes, please explain.
Comments:
+Cleanliness of Hotel +Color, smell, and lighting +Safety/location +Old or outdated design +Noise +Lack of control of environment +Uncomfortable materials
Comments:
+Soft textures and materials create a comfortable and relaxing environment +High quality and modern materials give credibility and a luxurious feel +Light/bright colors create a happy environment +Dark colors are depressing and cold 40
Do colors impact your mood and emotions when staying at a hotel? If so, please explain. Comments:
+Calming colors create a comfortable environment +Bright colors are inviting +Cooler colors are relaxing +Colors from nature create a zen environment +Light colors are happy and clean
Are there certain design features in a hotel or establishment that you find attractive?
Do you prefer visible raw materials or exposed parts, such as exposed brick or wood, in the design?
Comments:
Comments:
+High ceilings +Connection to nature through outdoor spaces or plants +Cleanliness of design +Modern finishes +Fireplaces +Water Features +Natural light +Open flow of space
+Exposed materials like: -Brick -Wood -Metal +Natural organic materials +Exposed Ceilings
CONCLUSION: +Guests prefer hotels that have some environmental friendly components +Guests pay a lot of attention to the design and materials chosen in a hotel: -Using a neutral palette with some pops of color is most preferable -Soft textures; increases level of comfort -High quality materials enhance value of stay +Connection to natural or cultural landscape is important when choosing a hotel +Using raw materials that are local to the area +Guests are more drawn to cooler earth tone colors such as blues, greens, and neutrals +Guests feel most comfortable in a space when it is clean and safe 41
COLOR RESEARCH
Color In Hotel Design The concept of associating color with emotion, influence guest’s decisons on the experience they hope to have. Light colors are perceived as airy and make rooms feel brighter and more spacious. Dark colors, lend to sophistication and intimacy. Perception of Color: Blue calmness, serenity
Purple sophistication
Green nature, youthfulness
Red stimulation
Yellow energetic, optimism
Orange purity, goodness
Pink glamor, femininity
White simplicity, cleanliness and freshness
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Application of Color: Blue Universally liked color; best choice for bedrooms and bathrooms
Purple Creates drama and opulence; use in rooms with high ceilings or shiny surfaces
Green Popular with spas; invoke youthfulness and vibrancy
Neutrals Used for backdrop or balancing element
Yellow Used as an accent or accessory to liven things up
Red Spaces with lots of eating or conversations; dining area, conference, living room suites
Pink Add touch of glamour and sophistication especially with metallics
Earth Tones Relaxing provide sense of stability
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LOCAL RESOURCES
VIEW OF CITY Architecture:
Materials:
Architecture in Prague is based on a few different styles. It is a combination of Romanesque, Gothic, Baroque, Neoclassical, Art Nouveau/ Cubism.
Traditionally, red and white were dominant colors used. Many buildings have a shade of tan/white or pastel facade and contrasted with red tile roofs generally made out of terracotta. Streets were laid out in cobblestones and featured unique designs that were charcoal or ivory colored.
Most buildings are made out of Marlstone due to its easy workability. Towers, spires, and buttresses are common design styles on the exterior of buildings. Baroque style can be found in many building interiors. Big cupolas, marble, gold and ornate frescos are common features.
Local Resources:
Buildings now range from the 1700s to modern day forms. Materials range from different types of stone, to modern day materials like concrete. 44
Glass
Zinc
Anthracite
Rubber
Coal
Cement
Lead
Stone
WELL STANDARDS What is it? The WELL Building Standard is a “performance based system for measuring, certifying, and monitoring features of the built environment that impact human health and well-being.” It explores the “connection between the places we spend most of our time” and impact that has on its occupants. Certified spaces help improve the health and well-being, fitness, and moods of its occupants.
7 Concepts Air
Fitness
“Optimize and achieve indoor air quality. Removal of airborne contaminants, prevention and purification.”
“Utilize building design technologies and knowledge-based strategies to encourage physical activity.”
Water
Comfort
“Optimize water quality while promoting accessibility. Removal of contaminants through filtration and treatment, and strategic placement.”
“Create an indoor environment that is distraction-free, productive, and soothing. Thermal and acoustic controllability, and policy implementation covering acoustic and thermal parameters that are known sources of discomfort.”
Nourishment “Encourage healthy eating habits by providing occupants with healthier food choices, behavioral cues, and knowledge about nutrient quality.”
Mind “Support mental and emotional health, providing the occupant with regular feedback and knowledge about their environment through design elements, relaxation spaces, and state-of-the-art technology.”
Light “Minimize disruption to the body’s circadian rhythm. Task-appropriate illumination levels are included to improve energy, mood and productivity.”
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HOTEL DESIGN GUIDELINES
ACOUSTICS Sound control in hotels is very important. Guests come to hotels for the purposes of sleeping, resting, meeting or working. Creating a relaxing and restful environment can help ensure guest satisfaction and encourage them to return.
Noise Sources
STC Ratings
Corridors Mechanical equipment Airborne sounds Other guest rooms Surrounding environment
INDOOR AIR QUALITY A hotel’s air quality may not be thought of a major concern, but is important for health and comfort of building occupants. Pollutants that are commonly found in indoor air may have harmful effects.
Pollutant Sources Building materials
Asbestos
Cleaning products
CO2
Outdoor sources
Humidity
Solutions Proper ventilation systems Using natural materials Air purifier in guest rooms Eco-friendly cleaning products 46
THERMAL COMFORT Acheiving adequate thermal comfort in hotels can be challenging but is important in guest satisfaction. Comfort levels are very subjective and vary by each individual. Environmental concerns arise on the efficiency and amount of energy consumed by hotels. Solutions Double pained windows Energy efficient HVAC systems Wall insulation Green roofs Based on CIBSE reccomendations
MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS When specifying mateirals for a commercial property, it is important that they meet certain standards of performance so they can withstand heavy use. Considerations: +Durability tests
+Low VOC emmissions
+Flammability tests
+Non-slippery
+Light control
+Durabilty
+Sustainability considerations
+Hygienic
+Cleanability
+Stain-reistant 47
SOURCES
SOURCES Thesis Summary Hôtel Square Louvois ****: Leslie Gauthier: Architecture Intérieure. (2017, March 14). Retrieved October 16, 2020, from https://www.lesliegauthier.com/portfolio-item/hotel-square-louvois/ International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management. (n.d.). Retrieved December 07, 2020, from https://www. emerald.com/insight/publication/issn/0959-6119 Kloosterman, M. (2015). Brand Identity and Brand Image. The Handbook of Brand Management Scales, 6-25. doi:10.4324/9781315813998-2 Naqshbandi, M. (2013). Atmospheric Elements and Personality: Impact on Hotel Lobby Impressions. Retrieved 2020, from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/266175285_Atmospheric_Elements_and_Personality_Impact_on_Hotel_Lobby_Impressions Shantha, A. (2018). The Impact of Interior and Exterior Designs of Hotels on Customer Perception: The Sri Lankan Experience [Scholarly project]. Retrieved from https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/216960112.pdf#page=116
Site Analysis (n.d.). Retrieved December 07, 2020, from http://www.myczechrepublic.com/prague/transportation.html Countrymeters.info. (n.d.). Czech Republic Population. Retrieved December 07, 2020, from https://countrymeters.info/en/ Czech_Republic Demographics of the Czech Republic. (2020, December 05). Retrieved December 07, 2020, from https://en.wikipedia.org/ wiki/Demographics_of_the_Czech_Republic Mileva, G. (2017, May 19). The Most Beautiful Green Places and Parks in Prague. Retrieved December 07, 2020, from https:// theculturetrip.com/europe/czech-republic/articles/the-most-beautiful-parks-and-green-spaces-in-prague/
Programming Accessories in Public Restrooms: ADA Guidelines. (n.d.). Retrieved December 07, 2020, from https://www.harborcitysupply.com/blog/accessories-in-public-restrooms-ada-guidelines/?utm_source=pinterest International building code. (2020). Country Club Hills, IL: International Code Council. Panda, P. (n.d.). ACHotelsby Marriott Design Standards Brochure. Retrieved December 07, 2020, from https:// www.academia.edu/28104739/ACHotelsby_Marriott_Design_Standards_Brochure Understanding ADA Design Requirements for Hotels. (2020, September 17). Retrieved December 07, 2020, from https://wheelchairtravel.org/hotels/ada-design-requirements/
Case Studies Angad Arts Hotel. (n.d.). Retrieved October 16, 2020, from http://www.thelawrencegroup.com/project/angad-arts-hotel/ Hôtel Square Louvois ****: Leslie Gauthier: Architecture Intérieure. (2017, March 14). Retrieved October 16, 2020, from https://www.lesliegauthier.com/portfolio-item/hotel-square-louvois/ LONG STORY SHORT HOSTEL. (n.d.). Retrieved October 16, 2020, from http://denisastrmiskova.com/long-storyshort-hostel 50
Research 4, Z., Jezek, Z., & 4, F. (2019, January 06). The Cobblestone Streets of Prague: Tres Bohemes. Retrieved October 14, 2020, from http://www.tresbohemes.com/2017/02/cobblestone-streets-prague/ Acoustics.com. (n.d.). Acoustics.com acoustical consultants can help architects & interior designers with Hotels by providing advice & information about acoustic products & materials, absorption, Reverberation Time, noise criteria, noise control, STC, IIC & sound isolation. Retrieved December 07, 2020, from http://www.acoustics.com/hotel. asp Architecture in Prague. (n.d.). Retrieved October 14, 2020, from https://www.frommers.com/destinations/prague/in-depth/ architecture Color Psychology: How The Emotional Impact of Color Influences Hotel Design. (2018, February 22). Retrieved December 07, 2020, from http://kbcodesign.com/color-psychology-emotional-impact-color-influences-hotel-design/ Editor, T. (2020, January 02). How color and psychology work together in hotel design. Retrieved December 07, 2020, from https://tophotel.news/how-color-and-psychology-work-together-in-hotel-design/ Friedman, D. (n.d.). Retrieved December 07, 2020, from https://inspectapedia.com/BestPractices/Wall_Sound_Transmission.php Indoor Air Quality In Hotels: 2 Good Reasons To Monitor: Iota. (2019, June 10). Retrieved December 07, 2020, from https:// www.iotacommunications.com/blog/indoor-air-quality-hotels/ Introduction to Indoor Air Quality. (2020, August 14). Retrieved December 07, 2020, from https://www.epa.gov/indoor-air-quality-iaq/introduction-indoor-air-quality Kilburn, H. (2020, July 30). INDUSTRY INSIGHT: Specifying fabrics for contract markets • Hotel Designs. Retrieved December 07, 2020, from https://hoteldesigns.net/industry-news/industry-insight-specifying-fabrics-for-contract-markets/ Lillian Connors Senior Digital Marketing Strategist @ Bizzmark Blog Lillian Connors believes that the question of business goes far, & Hotel Tech Report. (2018, May 15). How to Optimise Thermal Comfort in a Hotel by Lillian Connors on Hotel Tech Report. Retrieved December 07, 2020, from https://hoteltechreport.com/news/how-to-optimise-thermal-comfort-ina-hotel Michael, B., & Rivkah. (2013, January 29). Proxemics. Retrieved December 07, 2020, from https://www.communicationstudies.com/communication-theories/proxemics Přikryl, R., Lokajı ́ček, T., Svobodová, J., & Weishauptová, Z. (2003, June 25). Experimental weathering of marlstone from Přednı ́ Kopanina (Czech Republic)-historical building stone of Prague. Retrieved October 14, 2020, from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0360132303000738 Proxemics, Personal Space and Territory. (2010, January 31). Retrieved December 07, 2020, from https://designobserver. wordpress.com/2010/01/28/proxemics-personal-space-and-territory/ Redazione, P. (n.d.). That knowledge hidden in stone. Retrieved October 14, 2020, from http://www.progetto.cz/quel-sapere-nascosto-nella-pietra/?lang=en Resources and power. (n.d.). Retrieved December 07, 2020, from https://www.britannica.com/place/Czech-Republic/Resources-and-power Rubinskiy, A. (2020, June 05). Photo by Andrian Rubinskiy on Unsplash. Retrieved December 07, 2020, from https://unsplash.com/photos/1BdLyRiSenE Sugihto, E. (2016, May 24). An introduction to proxemics. Retrieved December 07, 2020, from https://medium.com/@social_archi/an-introduction-to-proxemics-520d56be912c Velasquez, I. (2020, July 22). Hotel Interior Design, Part 1: The Psychology of Color and 2018 Trends. Retrieved December 07, 2020, from https://www.fohlio.com/blog/hotel-interior-design-part-1-color-psychology-2018-trends/ WELL Building Standard®. (n.d.). Retrieved December 07, 2020, from https://standard.wellcertified.com/well
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Madeline Clark Virgina Tech Class of 2021
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